A Comprehensive Landscape Design for Hartford International University for Religion and Peace

A Comprehensive Landscape Design

Hartford International University for Religion and Peace Hartford CT Evan Hendra and Harrison Takeno Houser, The Conway School, Spring 2022

Campus Delineation

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Safety

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Visual Cues

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Wayfinding

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Vegetation

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Facilities Functionality

Water Management

Ecological Awareness

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Treat Water On-site

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Ecotheology

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Streamline Drainage Issues

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Campus Resilience

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Ecological Awareness

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Eliminating Chemical Impacts

Through conversations with a core team of HIU administrators and faculty, four key themes emerged. First, the University has emphasized the need to enhance (1) the visual cohesion of the campus, including ways to delineate the campus from the surrounding neighborhood and knit together buildings of different architectural styles using landscape elements.

The group was also interested in ways to improve (2) campus movement, sharing concerns about safety, wayfinding, and overall facilities functionality. The core team also noted a number of issues with (3) water management on the property, and expressed a desire to treat water on site and address issues with drainage on campus. Lastly, the HIU team emphasized their interest in creating further (4) ecological awareness at the University through landscape elements that reduce environmental impacts and interpret these for the campus community. In particular, the school is interested in how to make the campus more resilient in the face of a changing climate, ways to lessen its environmental footprint, and opportunities to promote ecotheology, the belief that religion and nature are intertwined.

It is important to note that although the University has been sited at its current location for over forty years, the school has had only one campus-wide landscape plan from 2005, that was never adopted or put into action and did not address the goals stated above.

88 Village Hill Rd.Northampton, MA 01060, (413)-369-4044, www.csld.edu

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Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Campus Movement

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77 Sherman St, Hartford, CT 06105

Cohesion

For Religion and Peace

From its inception in 1834 until 2020, the school was known as Hartford Theological Seminary or Hartford Seminary, but recently changed its name and logo to reflect a reprioritization in the University’s mission and goals. The school envisions itself as a space for higher learning and interfaith dialogue, and through this model aims to foster peace and understanding between people of different religious affiliations and cultural backgrounds. As HIU continues to examine its history and plan for the future, the University has outlined a number of goals to bring this forward thinking to the campus’s landscape.

Project Goals

Index & Goals

Hartford International University for Religion and Peace (HIU) is a private college located in Hartford, Connecticut, approximately one and a half miles west of downtown. The school offers masters, doctorate, and certificate degrees to students through both online and in person classes, a majority of which are held during the evening to provide students with a schedule conducive to daytime work hours.

Evan Hendra Harrison Takeno Houser

How do you take a University with a diverse student population, a variety of architectural styles, and a mix of plant types and communities, and weave them into a cohesive, holistic campus experience?

Designers:

Goals Existing Conditions Vegetation Circulation/Gathering/Views Night and Day Light Drainage Watersheds/Flooding Summary Analysis Design Alternative 1 Design Alternative 2 Design Alternative 3 Final Design Final Design Campus Detail Path Design Light Design Gateway Design Bio-swale Design Landscape Plants Gathering Areas Bike, Trash, Stone Splash Guard Undeveloped Area Ecotheology in the Landscape Plant List 1 Plant List 2 Plant List 3, Cost Estimations Planting Details Work Cited

Hartford International University

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

Goals

A Comprehensive Landscape Design for

Index

A1

In addition to the goals, the HIU team communicated a few important requests and details, including siting a new area for garbage so that it is more convenient for removal, and the desire to keep the lawn area in front of the main academic building clear to accommodate space for a tent during graduation ceremonies. There is also a buried asphalt parking lot located in the northwest corner of the 77 Sherman building approximately one foot below the existing grade.

er

iv Park R

B

77 Sherman (Academic)

1

Neighborhoods

Campus Trees

Forest

Lawn

Parking & Paths

a Lorr

t ine S

Labyrinth Sherman St

Girard Ave

Location of Graduation Tent

Ephemeral Streams

A

B

A1

80 Sherman Street academic building with Tudor style architecture.

88 Village Hill Rd.Northampton, MA 01060, (413)-369-4044, www.csld.edu

60 Lorraine Street academic building.

Existing Conditions

From east to west the HIU campus transitions from a flat, developed area to a sloping, forested section.

B1 A variety of architectural styles along Sherman Street, with 76 and 80 Sherman in the Tudor style, and 72 Sherman designed in the Queen Anne tradition.

A view of the 77 Sherman Street academic building looking towards the main entrance.

The Park River as it winds along the eastern border of the HIU property.

2/27

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

A

Vegetation on these six acres of campus consists of a number of non-native and native trees, a few shrubs, and an extensive amount of turf. To maintain the developed landscape the University hires out landscaping services at $18,000 per year and snow removal at $13,000, totaling $31,000 annually.

HIU has a no-herbicide and no-fertilizer policy.

For Religion and Peace

B

The developed, western portion of the property includes an additional six acres with Sherman Street bisecting the property into eastern and western halves. There are thirteen buildings owned by the school, four of which are used for academic purposes, and the other nine comprising thirteen housing units and residences for both students and faculty. These buildings range in architectural types from Tudor to the International Style.

Designers:

Trash Pick-up Location

Hartford International University

Buried Asphalt Parking Lot

Evan Hendra Harrison Takeno Houser

On the eastern half of campus, the Park River flows from north to south through woods on seven acres of the property. This area has undulating topography and two ephemeral streams that flow to the east. The forest includes a diversity of both plant species and urban wildlife.

Attorney General

A Comprehensive Landscape Design for

UCONN

77 Sherman St, Hartford, CT 06105

Existing Conditions

Hartford International University is sited on thirteen acres in a predominantly urban residential neighborhood, with the University of Connecticut’s Law School and State Attorney General’s office located just to the north.

Vegetation

88 Village Hill Rd.Northampton, MA 01060, (413)-369-4044, www.csld.edu

Wooded Buffer

Designers:

Evan Hendra Harrison Takeno Houser

On the eastern half of campus, a forest spans seven acres. The undulating topography and hydrological processes have created conditions supporting a diverse array of plant species. Mature trees include red oak, red maple, and ash with an understory of beech, black cherry, and ash saplings. The forest floor is blanketed with an array of ephemerals that include trout lily, wild oats, and lily of the valley. Other than saplings, the native shrub layer is limited and there appear to be no evergreen shrubs or trees or ferns present on site.

Native shrubs, evergreens, and ferns would typically be found in this plant community of the forested area. This can be detrimental to habitat and forage for wildlife, and may be caused be deer browse or pressure from invasive plant species.

80

Bloodroot, Sanguinaria

Wild Oats, Avena

Lily of the Valley, Convallaria

Virgina Creeper, Parthenocissus

Trout Lily, Erythonium

Black Cherry, Prunus

Sporadic tree placement and type.

Row of oaks looking northeast.

On the developed six acres of campus a number of native and non-native trees dot the landscape, consisting mainly of mature oaks, locusts, maples, and pines, which provide shade and help obscure unwanted views. With the exception of along Sherman Street and in the north of campus, many of these trees appear to be planted sporadically with no clear reason for their placement. In some places clusters of trees grow tightly together and appear to be unintentionally planted, while in other areas, such as by 80 Sherman Street, large trees grow just a few feet away from building foundations. In more formal areas on campus these trees can seem out of place.

Multiflora Rose, Rosa multiflora

Barberry, Berberis

The understory on campus is almost nonexistent, with the exception of some foundation plantings and a hedge by the main parking lot. The rest of campus is blanketed by over four acres of turf, which requires constant mowing to maintain.

Because the school doesn’t use fertilizers or herbicides, however, nitrogen-fixing and drought-tolerant clover appears profusely throughout.

Cluster of black locusts, Robinia pseudoacacia, behind Sherman 77 building.

Winged Euonymus, Euonymus

77 Sherman St, Hartford, CT 06105

For Religion and Peace

3/27

Expansive turf in the northwest corner of campus.

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Vegetation on Campus

Vegetation

Lawn

Hartford International University

t ine S

Forest

While mostly absent in the developed part of campus, in much of the forested area non-native species with a tendency to spread aggressively can be found, including multiflora rose, knotweed, barberry, and winged euonymus. It is possible these plants are found here in such profusion due to forest fragmentation within the urban environment, contributing to non-native species introduction. As these undesired plants continue to spread, they can push out native species that are important for wildlife habitat/forage, biodiversity, and riparian corridor health.

A Comprehensive Landscape Design for

Campus Trees

Invasives

a Lorr

Girard Ave

Sherman St

Parking Lot Hedge

Formal Paths

Trail

Roads

t ine S

Driveway/Parking Areas

Palette

A view looking north along Sherman Street toward UConn's School of Law.

HIU’s property boundary is partially formed by Girard Avenue, Lorraine Street, and Sherman Street. Sherman Street passes through the campus, bisecting it into western and eastern halves, breaking up the overall visual cohesion, and adding an obstacle to pedestrian movement. Sherman Street also serves as a major corridor for movement into the University’s campus, but when driving north the view is dominated by UConn’s School of Law and the Attorney General’s office, which can be disorientating to people newly arriving to the school (the school rents out space both indoors and outdoors to host an array of community events, including concerts and lectures). On Girard Avenue, architecture that reflects the surrounding residential neighborhood and lack of signs make it difficult to discern campus boundaries.

1

A courtyard greets people as they approach the entrance to 77 Sherman Street, one of the few formal outdoor gathering areas on campus.

88 Village Hill Rd.Northampton, MA 01060, (413)-369-4044, www.csld.edu 77 Sherman St, Hartford, CT 06105

Parking lots with a total of 95 spaces (6 of which are universally accessible) are connected to all three streets, with parking for the main academic building (77 Sherman) also serving as a cut-through for traffic between Sherman Street and Girard Avenue. Despite filling up during large events such as graduation, most parking spaces at HIU typically remain unused. In the 2021-2022 academic year, only two students had vehicles and faculty tend to park their vehicles in private driveways corresponding with their residences. It is undecided whether the administration would like to preserve all of the existing parking spaces to accommodate future in-person programming and larger campus events.

Due to limited vehicle ownership among students, alternative modes of transportation such as cycling are used, although no formal bike storage exists on campus.

2

Picnic tables are located on the lawn behind the 77 Sherman Street building, but are inaccessible by existing path networks.

4/27

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Gathering Space

a Lorr

Girard Ave

Sherman St

60

Evan Hendra Harrison Takeno Houser

Throughout the property, few formal gathering spaces are found, identifiable by hardscaping and furniture. Currently, some open areas of campus are unused due to building, vegetation, road, and path placement.

These spaces lack a sense of refuge and create a feeling of exposure.

Strategically designed outdoor spaces are critical components of campus cohesion and movement, while open areas form leftover spaces rather than destinations.

1

For Religion and Peace

77

Designers:

2

Hartford International University

On the developed portion of the school’s property a number of paths surfaced with concrete and asphalt connect parking lots and buildings to each other over generally flat topography. However, these paths do not lead pedestrians to other parts of campus such as across expanses of lawn or to informal outdoor areas where people like to gather, making it difficult for people of all abilities to access these spaces. Additionally, these paths may not be the most efficient for facilities to perform maintenance tasks such as collecting trash, requiring them to drive across turf areas and on sidewalks and roads.

A Comprehensive Landscape Design for

AG parking

The HIU campus is enjoyed by administrators, faculty, students, and neighboring residents who walk to the school and enjoy its park-like space. In the forested area, a trail formed by years of use meanders from behind the 60 Lorraine Street building and down to the Park River before going back upslope to the parking lot of the Attorney General’s office.

Circulation Gathering Views

Circulation/Gathering/Views

88 Village Hill Rd.Northampton, MA 01060, (413)-369-4044, www.csld.edu

Night Lighting

Lighting on the HIU campus is seemingly sporadic with the exception of the formal entryway into its main building. The campus's existing lighting features consist of parking lot floodlights, building packlights, and a few mariner-style path lights that lead to the 77 Sherman building.

Erratic lighting placement and a variety of lighting styles add to the lack of cohesion on campus by not leading the viewer's eye to features of interest (buildings/paths) or following any style or pattern. This is further compounded by a mix of bright and soft lights scattered throughout campus.

Formal Paths

Shade on Campus

77

From the fall through spring, the HIU campus is primarily used by students and faculty. Here, the sunny and shady areas on campus are shown during the equinoxes. Due to tree and building height, sun and shade create different microclimates with varying levels of outdoor comfort on campus. Most existing gathering spaces tend to be found where there is a mix of both sun and shade throughout the day.

The University’s main academic building, due to its height and distance from large trees, is in a sunny position throughout the year. Because of its location, flat roof, and large surface area, this building may be appropriate for a rooftop photovoltaic system, which the University is currently exploring.

Gathering Space

Harsh, bright packlights are on both buildings and as stand-alone light fixtures.

Sconces on academic buildings tend to emit softer, warmer light.

Lights on campus include a variety of heights, styles, and brightness levels.

Designers:

For Religion and Peace

5/27

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

White Light

Hartford International University

Soft Orange Light

A Comprehensive Landscape Design for

It has been observed that some of the angles of various bright LED packlights on campus are projecting into the forested areas, which could have negative impacts on the flora and fauna in the form of light pollution. For example, nocturnal predators have an increased advantage over prey species with increased artificial light, as predators use light to hunt and prey use darkness as refuge. Light can also disrupt amphibian species by impacting breeding times, leading to smaller populations. Birds that migrate based on moon and starlight can be easily thrown off course toward areas that emit artificial light and lights are known to impact the migratory patterns of bird species by emulating different seasons. Additionally the use of artificial light is known to attract insects resulting in fatalities in the insect population (darksky. org). Plants that are close to artificial night light have been observed to be impacted by bud dormancy issues, longer leaf retention in the fall, and sporadic flowering times. This leads to disturbances in the ecosystem by putting compounding stress on plants and fauna by altering normal day/night and seasonal cycles (indefenseofplants.com).

Night & Day Light

Artificial Light and the Ecosystem

77

Evan Hendra Harrison Takeno Houser

Additionally, light placement and insufficient coverage could lead to campus safety concerns. Much of the lighting is centered on parking areas, while pedestrian corridors experience greater levels of darkness.

77 Sherman St, Hartford, CT 06105

Night & Day Light

Esri Community Maps Contributors, City of Hartford, CT, MDC, MassGIS, UConn/CTDEEP, © OpenStreetMap, Microsoft, Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, GeoTechnologies, Inc, METI/NASA, USGS, EPA, NPS, US Census Bureau, USDA

Wet Areas

Water Direction Flow

Storm Drains

Ephemeral Streams

0

50

100

200 Feet

Moderately Well-draining

Very Slow Draining

88 Village Hill Rd.Northampton, MA 01060, (413)-369-4044, www.csld.edu

1

Water that falls behind the 77 Sherman Street building either collects in a turf swale on the landscaped portion behind the building, or lands on theCityimpervious parking lot and is©directed toward a low lyingSafeGraph, area Esri Community Maps Contributors, of Hartford, CT, MDC, MassGIS, UConn/CTDEEP, OpenStreetMap, Microsoft, Esri, HERE, Garmin, GeoTechnologies, Inc, METI/NASA, US Census Bureau, USDA along the lot's edge. Water in both cases leaves the area through connected drainsUSGS, andEPA,isNPS, removed from the HIU property.

0

50

100

200 Feet

Soils on campus are mostly classified as well to moderately-well draining, giving water that falls on site the chance to percolate into the soil before flowing into drains or through the forest. However, these soils may be compacted from mowing equipment and previous construction. Additionally, runoff from impervious surfaces is funneled quickly into storm drains. Along the Park River, soils are primarily very slowly draining. This slowly draining soil is made of silt loam with pockets of clay, while the soils on the developed area of campus are mixes of silt loam and gravelly loam.

Drainage

A

A

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Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Well Draining

For Religion and Peace

A

To mitigate pooling issues, storm drains have been installed to facilitate the movement of water off-campus, although it has been reported that they don't always function effectively. Water that is piped offsite enters Hartford’s combined sewer system. During periods of heavy rainfall, this can cause untreated runoff and sewage to discharge from the system through outflows, two of which to the north of the University empty into the Park River. This could likely mean that water that leaves HIU, especially if carrying pollutants and sediments, affects the water quality of the Park River before it ever flows through campus. Slowing and allowing water to infiltrate on site may decrease the likelihood of such overflow events.

Designers:

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Hartford International University

A1

To the west of Sherman Street, generally flat topography causes water to pool in low-lying areas in the lawn around the main academic building, with the buried parking lot to the north likely contributing to water accumulation northeast of the 77 Sherman Street Building. Lawn in these areas does little to help with infiltration due to shallow roots, layers of thatch, and compaction from frequent mowing.

A Comprehensive Landscape Design for

Buried Asphalt Parking Lot

Evan Hendra Harrison Takeno Houser

On campus to the east of Sherman Street, water sheets off impervious surfaces such as roofs, parking lots, and paths and flows downhill into the forested area, likely picking up contaminants such as engine oil and sediments during the process. Once entering the woods, it accumulates in ephemeral streams which travel downslope and into the Park River.

Additionally, as runoff travels down these slopes within the forest, erosion damage is exacerbated.

77 Sherman St, Hartford, CT 06105

Drainage

88 Village Hill Rd.Northampton, MA 01060, (413)-369-4044, www.csld.edu

Watersheds/Flooding

Watershed

After passing through campus, the river travels for less than a quarter of a mile before entering an underground conduit that channels the Park and two other waterways below downtown Hartford through 9 miles of 35x40 foot tunnels before emptying into the Connecticut River.

For Religion and Peace

77 Sherman St, Hartford, CT 06105

Designers:

7/27

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

1% Annual Chance Flood Hazard

Underground River Entrance

Hartford International University

Water Direction Flow

A Comprehensive Landscape Design for

.2% Annual Chance Flood Hazard

The school sits at the bottom of the much larger 78-square-mile Park River Watershed.

As water collects within this basin, runoff and any contaminants it contains are funneled into the Park River, which creates the potential for major flooding events and water quality impacts downstream as it passes through campus.

However, the university’s elevated position above the river spares the developed portion from any direct impact.

Watersheds Flooding

Due to the University’s topography, 100- and 500-year floods would likely have limited impact on the school’s built environment. The forest buffer, however, bears the brunt of these events, which can be detrimental to forest health due to erosion, sediment distribution, and physical damage brought on by surging water flows. As the climate continues to change, these potential floods are expected to become increasingly prevalent and acute. Infiltrating runoff higher up in the waterhshed may lessen these impacts.

Evan Hendra Harrison Takeno Houser

Stormwater in the neighborhood around HIU either collects in storm drains along roadways or flows through the University’s property and into ephemeral streams, both of which have the potential to drain into the Park River. After this point in the river’s course, there is no further natural confluence with other water systems: the river is buried until it meets the Connecticut River.

As rain events or snow melt occur in upper reaches of the larger watershed and drain into the Park River, the culmination of water flow creates the highest potential for storm surge and flooding as the river passes through the HIU campus.

Wet Areas

Roads

Academic

Driveway/Parking Areas

Residence

Trail

Facilities

Views of Other Institutions

t ine S

Design Objectives To enhance user movement, comfort, and connectability through the site while creating a sense of campus cohesion through the lens of ecological best practices.

Increase ecological resilience on campus by expanding biodiversity, reducing the amount of turf, and capturing water on site.

To embrace landscape alterations and enhancements as an opportunity for education and connect people to nature through the tenets of ecothology.

The University has seven acres of forest, which along with the Park River, play an important role as green space and habitat in the context of the larger urbanized region. The developed portion of campus is attractive for use as a park-like space, with large ornamental and native trees dotting the landscape. Gathering spaces on campus tend to occur in lawn areas where these trees and buildings create a sense of refuge, providing different areas for socializing. Although the lawn creates spaces conducive to gathering and facilitates ease of movement through the landscape away from formal paths, the sheer amount of turf does little to provide habitat, forage, or chances for water infiltration, all of which are increasingly rare in the urban environment.

For Religion and Peace

77 Sherman St, Hartford, CT 06105

Designers:

8/27

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Formal Paths

a Lorr

Sherman St

Girarde Ave

Neighborhoods

Pooling and drainage are important issues for HIU as the University wants to play a role in treating water onsite and address drainage problems. Water landing on the east side of campus has direct impacts on the Park River as it sheets off impervious surfaces before entering the forest and then into the waterway, likely causing erosion during the process. On the western half, water pools before collecting in drains connected to combined sewer pipes. These pipes may overflow into the river, impacting water quality. As the frequency and severity of rain events increase due to a rapidly changing climate, the potential impacts of water leaving the HIU campus and entering the Park River will only be exacerbated, illustrating the need to slow and infiltrate water on site.

Hartford International University

r Park Rive

A Comprehensive Landscape Design for

A major asset of the existing formal paths on campus is the streamlined connectability from parking lots to buildings, which are paved and mostly flat. This facilitates ease of movement for all people, but it does not support an experience within open spaces, or bring people to all gathering areas. When people do trek through areas away from formal walkways, wet areas may form obstacles between spaces and may create barriers for individuals with disabilities. Another important aspect of campus movement that is missing from the landscape is the efficient connectability of facility buildings to other buildings on campus that facility workers can use to perform their work efficiently. Currently workers are driving on the turf around campus which could lead to further soil compaction.

Summary Analysis

UCONN

Evan Hendra Harrison Takeno Houser

HIU is located in a residential, urban area in Hartford, Connecticut.

Due to the various architectural styles of the buildings and the lack of visual cues on the campus landscape (plants, campus edges, lighting) it is difficult to discern which areas belong to the school and which are part of the neighborhood. Further compounding this lack of cohesion is Sherman Street, which cuts the campus in two and directs views toward UConn and the Attorney General’s office.

Attorney General

Gathering Space

88 Village Hill Rd.Northampton, MA 01060, (413)-369-4044, www.csld.edu

Summary Analysis

Meditative Walk

88 Village Hill Rd.Northampton, MA 01060, (413)-369-4044, www.csld.edu

Design Alternative 1 Bike Shelter

Facilities Access Meadow Edge

Evan Hendra Harrison Takeno Houser

Forested Buffer

Designers:

Spiraled Seating area

A

A spiral seating area behind the 77 Sherman Street building creates a gathering space that can also be used as an outdoor classroom.

Gateway Plantings

Encapsulated Forest This design seeks to define the HIU property with a forested edge that envelops the campus, creating a sense of place while stitching the developed half of campus with the wooded section.

Here, pedestrian movement is facilitated and encouraged through streamlined paths and a meditative walkway, bringing users to newly created outdoor areas for gathering.

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Added trees and understory vegetation encapsulate the entirety of the campus, creating a sense of place and delineating campus edges.

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Gateway plantings of repeated plants and layouts in front of academic buildings along Sherman Street serve to increase visual cohesion .

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New path networks create meditative walks and carry users to newly created gathering spaces, including a spiralized seating area.

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Forest edges along the eastern boundary of the developed part of campus serve to both slow and absorb water as well as create habitat.

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A covered bike shelter by the student dormitories helps promote alternative transportation and better provide students with the ability to use cycling as an option for travel.

•

•

Bioswales replace lawn in habitually wet areas. These swales are planted with deeply rooting herbaceous plants along with shrubs and trees tolerant of flood/drought conditions to help slow water and allow for absorption and infiltration. In the main academic parking lot water is directed into the vegetated swale through curb cuts.

Meadow edges and soft landings (low vegetation that provides safety and habitat for fauna that depend on overstory trees) create a transition between the lawn and forested buffer, and in doing so create refuge for both people and animals alike.

77 Sherman St, Hartford, CT 06105

For Religion and Peace

9/27

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

A

Hartford International University

Bioswale

Design Alternative 1

Forest Edge Vegetation

A Comprehensive Landscape Design for

Gathering Areas

Turf to low-mow

88 Village Hill Rd.Northampton, MA 01060, (413)-369-4044, www.csld.edu

Design Alternative 2 B Bike Shelter

Evan Hendra Harrison Takeno Houser

Forested Buffer & Soft Landings

Designers:

Gathering area

New Trash Location

Gateway Bollards

Lightly on the Land Here, current campus features are incorporated into a design that takes advantage of HIU's existing landscape, while improving visual cohesion, movement, and ecological concerns through a variety of landscape elements.

•

•

Multilayered woodland plants buffers along northern Sherman Street obscure views of UConn’s lawn school and Attorney General's office and create an edge to the campus's northern boundary.

Similar plantings along the Sherman Street knit together the two sides of the campus, thus creating a corridor of visual cues.

•

The addition of bollards at the front of entry walkways to academic buildings helps delineate the HIU property and simultaneously create landscape gateways.

•

New walkways surfaced with traprock facilitate movement to new and existing gathering spaces that are encircled by new vegetation, creating spaces of refuge.

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Trash is relocated close to the 77 Sherman Street building to create for a more efficient route for facilities to access.

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Forested buffers, soft landings, and forested edges create biodiverse habitat areas throughout campus, making HIU a place of refuge for wildlife.

A A view of Sherman Street with new gateway plantings installed along its edges.

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Water is slowed down and infiltrates into soil through swales and rain gardens in wet areas and along forest edges.

•

Turf is converted to low-mow lawn mix to reduce energy-intensive maintenance.

10/27

77 Sherman St, Hartford, CT 06105

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Bioswale

For Religion and Peace

A

Hartford International University

B

Design Alternative 2

Soft landings under existing trees.

A Comprehensive Landscape Design for

Forest Edge Vegetation

Meditative Walk

88 Village Hill Rd.Northampton, MA 01060, (413)-369-4044, www.csld.edu

Design Alternative 3 Facilities Access Wheat, Meadow, & Herb

Designers:

Evan Hendra Harrison Takeno Houser

Orchard/Harvest

Private Student Gathering

77

Parking Lot Water Capture

A

Entries & Paths Aligned

A view of the campus with with gateway plantings, meadow, orchard, swales, and respositioned paths.

Harmony Through Movement Through the use of new pathway networks, repeated planting schemes, and the creation of outdoor rooms, this design aims to strengthen visual cohesion and enhance pedestrian movement throughout the campus. The newly created outdoor spaces borrow elements from religious themes and incorporate them into an ecologically sensitive design that provides spiritual significance throughout the landscape.

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Existing disjointed walkways are repositioned on either side of Sherman Street in order to align with one another. Additional paths facilitate more direct connections and bring people to new gathering spaces.

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A walkway allée is planted to guide people to and from the 60 Lorraine Street academic building, better connecting the facility to the rest of campus.

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Throughout the campus, new gathering spaces are defined by hardscapes and delineated by vegetation to create outdoor rooms.

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Trash is relocated to the main academic parking lot to make garbage removal easier.

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Parking spaces by the 77 Sherman building are removed to capture parking lot runoff and funnel it into bioswales. While performing the essential function of slowing and infiltrating water, this rectilinear swale and others by the labyrinth are also important aesthetic features, with plants of varying colors and textures.

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An orchard along and other harvestable plants in the northwestern corner of campus draw on themes from historical religious garden designs while serving as food for both humans and fauna.

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A meadow planting that incorporates herbs and wheat as ornamentals in front of the 77 Sherman building serves to symbolize aspects of spirituality and create habitat.

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Wooded edges serve to both slow and absorb water as well as create habitat.

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Meadow edges and soft landings knit lawns and forested buffers while increasing habitat.

77 Sherman St, Hartford, CT 06105

For Religion and Peace

11/27

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

New Trash Location

Hartford International University

60

Design Alternative 3

A

A Comprehensive Landscape Design for

Walkway Allee

88 Village Hill Rd.Northampton, MA 01060, (413)-369-4044, www.csld.edu

Final Design

B

er

COHESION In order to bring together the different architectural and landscape elements found throughout the HIU campus, gateway plantings and accompanying bollards provide a means to delineate academic buildings and define campus edges.

Evan Hendra Harrison Takeno Houser

Hartford International University is a unique institution that seeks to foster interfaith inclusivity and understanding through education and dialogue. As the school continues to deepen its mission and embrace a new future, it is seeking a design that celebrates its diverse features and incorporates its goals for cohesion, campus movement, water management, and ecological awareness into the landscape to create a holistic campus setting. A final design for the University is shown here, with a more detailed map featured on the following sheet.

Designers:

A

A newly installed meadow to the north of the 77 Sherman building creates an area of interest on campus where people can congregate, while providing habitat and forage for wildlife.

B

An aerial view along Sherman Street, highlighting new and widened paths and gateway plantings.

77 Sherman St, Hartford, CT 06105

For Religion and Peace

12/27

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

A

Final Design

ECOLOGICAL AWARENESS By reducing the amount of turf and adding landscape enhancing plants that create habitat and reduce maintenance, HIU’s campus becomes a more sustainable and resilient landscape for both humans and wildlife.

Hartford International University

WATER MANAGEMENT To reduce HIU's impacts on the Park River, runoff is managed on site by slowing it down and giving it the chance to infiltrate into the soil. Vegetated swales installed at key areas on campus act to remedy this issue, while also serving as important aesthetic features.

A Comprehensive Landscape Design for

t ine S

CAMPUS MOVEMENT New and realigned paths and lighting facilitate safe and efficient pedestrian movement to buildings and spaces throughout the landscape, while materials and layout aid in wayfinding.

Additionally, new structures are added to streamline facilities management and create sheltered bike parking.

a Lorr

Sherman St

Girard Ave

iv Park R

Under plantings

88 Village Hill Rd.Northampton, MA 01060, (413)-369-4044, www.csld.edu

Final Design: Campus Detail Forested Buffer

Meadow

Reinforced Turf

Semi-enclosed Outdoor Seating Area

Shrub Buffer

Bike Shelter

Designers:

Sign

Widened Concrete Path

Evan Hendra Harrison Takeno Houser

New Curb-cut and Crosswalk

Concealed Facilities Area

Courtyard

Concrete Paths to Academic Path

Bio-swale Forested Buffer

Bio-swale

Sign

Sherman St

Girard Ave

Gateway Plantings

Reinforced Turf

77 Sherman St, Hartford, CT 06105

Final Design Campus Detail

Sign

Lorraine St Gateway Plantings

Sign

13/27

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Gateway Plantings

Bio-swale

For Religion and Peace

Reinforced Turf Paths

Gateway Planting

A Comprehensive Landscape Design for

Courtyard

Hartford International University

Forested Edge

88 Village Hill Rd.Northampton, MA 01060, (413)-369-4044, www.csld.edu

Paths play an integral role in shaping the pedestrian experience by guiding movement through space and aiding in wayfinding. In order to create a more pedestrian-friendly experience on the HIU campus, existing pathway networks are realigned, extended, and supplemented by new paths to better lead users between buildings and spaces.

50mm (2") CONC. Paver W/ Sand Swept Joints Moisture Barrier if Required

Evan Hendra Harrison Takeno Houser

25mm (1") Sand Setting Bed

Reinforced Turf

Lorraine St

Reinforced Turf

Concrete Path

Fill Turfgrids with Topsoil, Organic Fertilizer and Top With Seed as Needed CONC or Plastic Cellular Turfgrid 25mm (1") Sand Setting Bed 100mm (4") Aggregate Base Reinforcing Fabric

Prepared Subgrade

Paths across Sherman Street are realigned so that they form a linear connection across the road, as opposed to their existing disjointed configuration.

The new pathway between 80 Sherman Street and 77 Sherman Street reflects the rectilinear pavement pattern of the current walkway in front of 77 Sherman. This helps knit the two academic buildings with very different architectural styles together and allow users to better see and understand the connections between both halves of campus.

In other areas of campus away from academic buildings, reinforced turf paths guide students to new and existing outdoor spaces.

Simultaneously, facility crews can use these new networks for maintenance vehicles instead of the current prractice of using city streets and sidewalks.

For Religion and Peace

Path Design

Girard Ave

Sherman St

New walkways between academic buildings are built and existing ones are reconstructed. Both use square concrete pavers whose shape and color reflect the architecture and material used on the 77 Sherman Street building, creating cohesion between both sides of campus.

Hartford International University

Prepared Subgrade

A Comprehensive Landscape Design for

80

77

Designers:

150mm (6") Aggregate Base

14/27

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Concrete Path

77 Sherman St, Hartford, CT 06105

Path Design

88 Village Hill Rd.Northampton, MA 01060, (413)-369-4044, www.csld.edu

Light Design Make sure existing building lights are angled down away from wooded area

To help with campus wayfinding, the use of low angled pathway lights could be used to guide and direct patrons of the university to their desired locations.

It is important to pay attention to the angles of lights used within the landscape. Light cast only where needed will help mitigate negative impacts on the local flora and fauna and will increase the visual cohesion throughout campus by making the projected light look uniform.

Currently no path light fixtures exist along the walkway connecting the 60 Lorraine Street building to other academic buildings on campus. Because of the spatial separation between this building and others, pathway lights can assist in both wayfinding and creating a sense of user safety (shown conceptually above).

15/27

77 Sherman St, Hartford, CT 06105

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Repitition of pattern, shape, and form of landscape lighting can help contribute to a cohesive sense of place across campus. Using the same styles of light fixtures on buildings and landscape path lights will help with differences in the building architecture seen throughout campus by giving them structural similarities. Pictured above are examples of entry building lights that reflect a similar color and shape to the 77 Sherman building.

For Religion and Peace

Lights in gateways of academic buildings help signify the entrance

Light Design

A Comprehensive Landscape Design for

60

Hartford International University

Designers:

New path lights guide people at night to 60 Lorraine safely.

Evan Hendra Harrison Takeno Houser

A coordinated system of landscape lighting can increase the visual cohesion of and wayfinding throughout the developed portion of Hartford International University landscape. When people enter the campus at night they should know they have arrived at a space that differs from the neighboring institutions and surrounding neighborhood. Uniformity of light placement, fixtures, and type of light emitted can help delineate these spaces at night. Additionally, if light fixture type is considered carefully and installed correctly, it can help dampen the negative impacts on the environment and lower electricity costs for HIU.

Gateway Design

Evan Hendra Harrison Takeno Houser

88 Village Hill Rd.Northampton, MA 01060, (413)-369-4044, www.csld.edu

To improve the visual cohesion of the University and assist in wayfinding, landscape features and plants are added to better orient people on campus. Strategically sited gateway plantings help annouce arrival to campus and guide people throughout the landscape.

60 Lorraine St Sign Cut stone bollards that reflect 77 Sherman's rectilinear architecture

Gateway Planting Bed

Flowering Dogwood, Cornus florida

Fragrant sumac "Gro-Low", Rhus aromatica

(See sheet 25 for planting plan)

Lariope, Lariope muscari

A plant palette of there species is chosen for planted areas along building entryway paths and gateways for easy recognition, low maintenance requirements, aesthetics, and hardiness.

Light bollard that differs from path lights

Boulders create a naturalistic feeling in the landscape

The movement of the main campus sign to the southern edge of Sherman Street by the main parking lot helps create a pinch point in the road that indicates arrival to HIU’s campus.

Additional campus signs are placed on Loraine Street and Girard Avenue by the west entrance of the main parking lot, helping to delineate HIU’s campus on approach from all street directions.

16/27

77 Sherman St, Hartford, CT 06105

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Girard Ave

Sherman St

Sign

For Religion and Peace

Sign

Hartford International University

Gateway plants installed on either side of walkways to academic buildings and at arrival points on Girard Avenue and Sherman Street help to indicate that you are on HIU property.

Additionally, similar architectural reflections of the 77 Sherman building in the gateway design can help stitch the campus together by creating a common theme between academic buildings. These could take the form of structural bollards or light fixtures situated within the plant beds, strengthening pattern recognition and the overall character of the campus.

Gateway Design

77

A Comprehensive Landscape Design for

Designers:

Sign

88 Village Hill Rd.Northampton, MA 01060, (413)-369-4044, www.csld.edu

Bio-Swale Design A

1

In order to reduce the negative environmental impacts of the HIU campus, runoff that carries sediments and pollutants and causes erosion in the forested area should be captured and treated on site. Around the 77 Sherman Street building and behind 76 Sherman Street, new bioswales filter and infiltrate stormwater while creating areas of visual interest and presenting educational opportunities for ecotheology.

Evan Hendra Harrison Takeno Houser

To increase the effectiveness of these bioswales, the grade around storm drains should be excavated lower. This allows for a greater volume of stormwater to collect and infiltrate before overflowing offsite. Installing rubber collars around drainage grates will further increase the volume of water in these swales can hold before it flows into storm drains.

Designers:

Bio- Swale

Bio- Swale

BioSwale

Existing Drop Inlet

Uncompacted Native Soil

Winterberry holly, Ilex verticilata

Fothergilla, Fothergilla gardenii

New York Fern, Thelypteris noveboracensis

Atlantic White Cedar, Chamaecyparis thyoides

The plants selected for bioswales were chosen for their ability to withstand wet and dry conditions and are sited along different grades within the them accordingly. The mix of low-maintenance and native perennials, shrubs, and trees also provide year-round seasonal interest.

(See sheet 24 for planting plan)

Soil Filter Mix 50% Sand 20% Composted Leaves 30% Topsoil

In the parking lot of the 77 Sherman Street building, the existing drain should be collared and curb cuts should be made to allow water draining off the parking lot to enter the new bioswale to the south of the building, greatly reducing the amount of water entering drains directly from impervious surfaces.

77 Sherman St, Hartford, CT 06105

For Religion and Peace

17/27

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Stone Energy Dissipators

Hartford International University

A

A Comprehensive Landscape Design for

A1

Bio-swale Design

A

Curb Cut

Wooded Buffer

Throughout the HIU campus, an insubstantial shrub layer coupled with large amounts of turf and overstory trees facilitate unwanted views, limit areas of refuge where people may be inclined to gather, and does little to provide for wildlife or biodiversity.

In order to address these issues, understory plants and soft landings are installed in various areas throughout the site. To the north of the 77 Sherman Street building and student dormitories, installed shrubs screen views of the UConn Law School and Attorney General’s office while creating spaces for people to congregate. In other places, such as between the 77 Sherman Street building and the two duplexes along Girard Avenue, a new shrub layer delineates space and enhances privacy for residents.

Meadow Wooded Buffer

Evan Hendra Harrison Takeno Houser

Wooded Buffer

88 Village Hill Rd.Northampton, MA 01060, (413)-369-4044, www.csld.edu

Understory and Forest Edge Plants

Designers:

Outdoor Classroom Buffer

Dogwood Allee

Witchhazel, Hamamelis virginiana

Solomon's Seal, Polygonatum multiflorum

Mountain Laurel, Kalmia latifolia

Inkberry, Ilex glabra

A meadow only needs to be mowed once a year; compared to lawn, this requires much lower maintenance costs and carbon emissions.

(See sheet 25 for planting plan)

Echinacea & Butterflyweed, Echinacea and Asclepias

Crimson Clover, Triflolium incarnatum

Black-Eyed Susan, Rudbeckia

Fescue, Festuca

77 Sherman St, Hartford, CT 06105

For Religion and Peace

18/27

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

In the northwestern corner of the HIU property, a sunny space that students and faculty mentioned is hardly used and where a parking lot is buried below existing turf, a meadow is sited. Mown paths that guide people through the meadow lead to a seating area in the middle where they can enjoy the sunshine, flowers, and wildlife. This area is also located next to mature oak trees.

Native oaks are known to support over 500 Lepidoptera species (moths/butterflies), serving as both sources of food and shelter for these important pollinators (caseytrees.org).

(See sheet 24 for planting plan)

Hartford International University

Lorraine St

Along the forest edge shrubs are installed where no understory plants currently exist, and visually blend into the newly created bioswales. This shrub layer provides important refuge and forage for wildlife, helps slow and infiltrate runoff flowing into the forest, and forms a visual gradient between the forest and developed landscape.

Landscape Plants

Sherman St

Girard Ave

Wooded Buffer

A Comprehensive Landscape Design for

Forest Edge Vegetation

88 Village Hill Rd.Northampton, MA 01060, (413)-369-4044, www.csld.edu

Evan Hendra Harrison Takeno Houser

New formalized gathering spaces for relaxation, campus events, and outdoor classrooms are sited on the developed portion of campus. Key considerations for these outdoor spaces are ample light, shade, sense of enclosure, and space for gathering and movement.

In areas such as behind the 77 Sherman building, defined spaces help delineate purposes of use and create features that act as destinations in the landscape.

3

To the west of the 77 Sherman Street building a semienclosed outdoor seating area is constructed for informal use and as an outdoor classroom space. The circular seating structure and accompanying plants behind the user create a sense of enclosure, while the opening offers scenic views out to the new meadow. Throughout the course of the day, sun and shade cast by existing trees create warm and cool areas for people to sit and relax.

2

In back of the 77 Sherman Street building a patio is installed adjacent to the building’s rear entrance. This area, easily accessible from both inside and from the main parking lot, creates a large space that can be used for events or for administrators, faculty, and students to sit outside over the course of the day. At night, formal lighting fixtures delineate the patio edges, while gentle light emanating from the glass-walled central staircase illuminates the space.

For Religion and Peace

19/27

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Lorraine St

Core members discussed creating a new corridor through the 77 Sherman building, accessible from the entryway courtyard and northern courtyard through the building's kitchen. Doing so this would create an area where people could congregate and eat outdoors. The northern courtyard's current hardscape could be extended to accommodate more people and function as an enclosed space for campus events and as an outdoor classroom space.

Hartford International University

Girard Ave

Sherman St

1

A Comprehensive Landscape Design for

2

Gathering Spaces

3

Designers:

1

77 Sherman St, Hartford, CT 06105

Gathering Spaces

88 Village Hill Rd.Northampton, MA 01060, (413)-369-4044, www.csld.edu

When rain events occur, muddy water splashes onto the sides of the 77 Sherman Street building, dirtying the white panels and creating added work and maintenance to clean. To prevent this from occurring, a two-foot wide, six-inch deep collar of broken rectilinear stone is installed along its perimeter, lessening splash back potential and keeping the building clean.

Evan Hendra Harrison Takeno Houser

Rectilinear bike rack to mirror the architecture of Sherman 77.

Trash cans are stored in a concealed area hidden from the public eye.

New paths make transporting trash more streamlined for utility vehicle.

The dumpster remains where it's located currently, but a lockable shelter around it would stop unwanted dumping.

New paths make moving trash more streamlined and accessible for facilities to haul away.

Instead of having a dumpster pickup, transition to using a weekly roadside pickup. This location is appropriate because it is far away from any campus buildings where sight or smell could be bothersome.

Trash cans are stored in a concealed area hidden from the public eye.

Trash cans are held in a concealed area hidden from the public eye and a new location for a dumpster is sited close by. Both would be concealed in formal enclosures that are more accessible to the Sherman 77 building.

20/27

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

The core team report that the current trash location is inefficient due to the lack of facilities space around the 77 Sherman building. Described below are alternatives that could help streamline and alter the flow of refuse.

Stone Colar

A Comprehensive Landscape Design for

Turf

Bike,Trash Stone Border

Trash Alternatives

Designers:

Sherman 77

For Religion and Peace

A lockable bike shelter at student dorms.

Hartford International University

Currently Hartford International University has no bike racks or bicycle storage facilities. Having bike storage could help encourage students and faculty to commute to and from school via bicycle, lessening the University's carbon emission footprint.

In order to be effective, this infrastructure should be installed close to buildings that are frequently used, such as by student dormitories and academic buildings, and in areas with good lighting to ensure they are stored safely.

Stone Border

77 Sherman St, Hartford, CT 06105

Bike Infrastructure

88 Village Hill Rd.Northampton, MA 01060, (413)-369-4044, www.csld.edu

Undeveloped Area

7

Ep

he

me

ral

Str e

am 4 1

1

4

am

e Str

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6

7

5

In addition to invasive plant control, paths should be lightly maintained to ensure user comfort. Light pruning of plants growing along trail edges may be necessary to allow ease of movement and to keep sightlines open. It is recommended to leave the surfacing of the path as is unless required to prevent injury or address issues with erosion.

Overgrown trailhead entrance on HIU campus.

Barberry growing along the trail's edge.

A bio-swale in the northeastern corner of the HIU property. Looking out are the parking lots for the Attorney General's office.

An erosion channel carved out by runoff from the Attorney General's office parking lots.

Example of willow stake erosion control.

21/27

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

View of the Park River along the forest trail.

Erosion in the woodland area is a serious concern. Runoff flowing off the western portion of the HIU campus has carved runnels into the slopes, which quickly erode due to their clay/silt content. However the area that is most problematic starts in the parking lot for the Attorney General’s office, where large areas of impervious surface direct runoff into bio-swales which when overwhelmed direct stormwater into the woods. In response, HIU could install live stakes along these water channels to reduce the effects of erosion.

e Park Riv

Invasive plants in the woodland have been spreading into the HIU campus from the north, primarily due to disturbance, wildlife deposits, and flooding. These plants should be monitored and removed periodically to prevent their establishment and proliferation, which can be taxing for the local ecosystem by displacing native plants that are important for wildlife food and refuge.

Concrete pavers are currently used as stepping stones across a wet, swampy section of the trail.

77 Sherman St, Hartford, CT 06105

5

Trail on the HIU property.

For Religion and Peace

An unstable plank is currently used as a bridge across an ephemeral stream.

2

Hartford International University

3

A Comprehensive Landscape Design for

m

he

Ep

l era

3

2

Undeveloped Area

6

Designers:

While public use of the trail that winds through the forest is allowed by HIU, there have been some concerns that people using the space may not be doing so respectfully. In order to help address this issue, the inclusion of signs informing users that the space belongs to HIU and asking the public to be respectful of this sacred space should be installed at trailheads.

Additionally, certain enhancements could be made to the trail to both protect sensitive areas and create better walking conditions. In places that are habitually wet or where the trail crosses ephemeral streams, boardwalks could be installed to limit trampling, keep people within defined bounds, and prevent damage to these environments.

Evan Hendra Harrison Takeno Houser

The seven acres of woods on campus are an important pocket of naturalized woodland in the middle of a highly urbanized area. As such, this area is left mostly untouched, with only moderate design suggestions made to further enhance and protect it.

88 Village Hill Rd.Northampton, MA 01060, (413)-369-4044, www.csld.edu

Ecotheology in the Landscape and Community

Evan Hendra Harrison Takeno Houser

Biodiversity is a measure of the variety of life within a given ecosystem, and scientists use it as a barometer of environmental health. A truly biodiverse landscape is highly diverse in both plant and animal species composition and includes a wide range of native flora and fauna. A key tenant to ecotheology is the belief that to be forward-thinking stewards of the land we live in, we must protect and cultivate our relationship with nature and help strengthen the community's relationship with the natural world.

Meffe GK, Carroll CR (1997): Principles of Conservation Biology

Outside Funding Resource Funding is available for religious institutions seeking to improve their landscapes. Sacred Grounds for example, a National Wildlife Federation program, is an innovative and effective approach to community engagement and habitat restoration. Designed for religious institutions, the program provides a framework for building healthier habitats and neighborhoods through the process of installing wildlife habitat projects on site, engaging the community in the process, and creating more vibrant green spaces.

“Sacred Grounds™ is a National Wildlife Federation program that recognizes congregations, houses of worship, and faith communities who both create wildlife habitat and actively link faith practices and caring for the environment.”

77 Sherman St, Hartford, CT 06105

For Religion and Peace

22/27

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

“An approach to maintaining or restoring the composition, structure, and function of the natural and modified ecosystems for the goal of long-term sustainability.”

Hartford International University

Land stewardship is a powerful way to understand and help enhance the natural world. It links us to our environment, highlights the effects that human activity has on it, and shows how closely we are connected to it. One of the ways that land stewardship should be exercised on campus is through adaptive management, which is an ongoing process of learning through action and adjusting subsequent actions in response to what is gleaned from the process. Through adaptive management, the creation of a rich tapestry of plant communities and animals and campus resiliency is possible. This process is increasingly important as plants, animals, and humans seek to continuously adapt to a changing climate.

A Comprehensive Landscape Design for

• • •

Encouraging the students of HIU to help create the newly landscaped garden areas and remove invasive species from the wooded area, letting them be creative leaders in HIU's landscape.

Inviting community members to volunteer at work parties on HIU's campus Creating and hosting ecotheological workshops Connecting with environmental organizations around Hartford

Ecotheology in the Landscape

•

Designers:

Hartford International University can be a leader environmental steward by:

Mountain Laurel

Evergreen shrub

Medium

Sun to shade

May to June

$70 per 5 gallon container

Ilex verticilata

Winterberry

Deciduous shrub

Medium

Sun to partial shade

June to July

$60 per 5 gallon container

Lindera benzoin

Spicebush

Deciduous shrub

Dry to wet

Partial shade

March

$65 per 5 gallon container

Hamamelis virginiana

Witch Hazel

Deciduous shrub

Medium

Sun to partial shade

October to December

$45 per 5 gallon container

Fothergilla gardenii

Dwarf Fothergilla

Deciduous shrub

Medium

Sun to partial shade

April to May

$60 per 5 gallon container

Thelypteris noveboracensis

New York Fern

Fern

Medium

Partial shade to shade Non-flowering

$5.50 per 1 gallon container

Osmundastrum cinnamomea

Cinnamon Fern

Fern

Medium to wet

Sun to shade

$5.50 per 1 gallon container

Asarum canadense

Wild Ginger

Perennial

Medium to wet

Partial shade to shade April to May

$5.50 per 1 gallon container

Galium odoratum

Sweet Woodruff

Perennial

Medium

Partial shade to shade May to July

$5.50 per 1 gallon container

Polygonatum biflorum

Solomon’s Seal

Perennial

Dry to wet

Partial shade to shade May to June

$5.50 per 1 gallon container

Asarum canadense

Black Cohosh

Perennial

Medium

Partial shade to shade June to August

$5.50 per 1 gallon container

Scientific Name

Common Name

Type

Moisture Requirements Sun / Shade

Bloom Time

Cost

Cornus sericea

Red Twig Dogwood

Deciduous shrub

Medium to wet

Sun to partial shade

May to June

$35 per 3 gallon container

Ilex verticilata

Winterberry

Deciduous shrub

Medium

Sun to partial shade

June, July

$60 per 5 gallon container

Fothergilla gardenii

Dwarf Fothergilla

Deciduous shrub

Medium

Sun to partial shade

April to May

$60 per 5 gallon container

Ilex glabra

Inkberry

Evergreen shrub

Medium to wet

Sun to partial shade

May to June

$60 per 5 gallon container

Chamaecyparis thyoides

Atlantic Cedar

Evergreen tree

Medium to wet

Sun to partial shade

Non-flowering

$65 per 5 gallon container

Chasmanthium latifolium

Northern Sea Oats

Graminoid

Moist

Partial shade

Summer to Fall

$7 per 1 gallon container

Carex stricta

Tussock Sedge

Graminoid

Medium to wet

Sun to partial shade

May to June

$7 per 1 gallon container

Osmundastrum cinnamomea

Cinnamon Fern

Fern

Medium to wet

Sun to shade

Non-flowering

$5.50 per 1 gallon container

Thelypteris noveboracensis

New York Fern

Fern

Dry to medium

Partial shade

Non-flowering

$5.50 per 1 gallon container

Non-flowering

Bio-Swale

23/27

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Kalmia latifolia

88 Village Hill Rd.Northampton, MA 01060, (413)-369-4044, www.csld.edu

Cost

77 Sherman St, Hartford, CT 06105

Bloom Time

Evan Hendra Harrison Takeno Houser

Sun / Shade

For Religion and Peace

Moisture Requirements

Designers:

Type

Hartford International University

Common Name

A Comprehensive Landscape Design for

Scientific Name

Plant List 1

Forested Edge/ Under plantings

88 Village Hill Rd.Northampton, MA 01060, (413)-369-4044, www.csld.edu

Botanical Name

Type

Moisture Requirements

Sun / Shade

Bloom Time

Cost

Rhus aromatica

Fragrant Sumac (‘Gro-Low’)

Deciduous shrub

Dry to medium

Sun to partial shade

Full sun to part shade

$20 per 2 gallon container

Lariope muscari

Lily Turf

Perennial

Medium

Sun to partial shade

August to September

$7 per 1 gallon container

Cornus florida

Flowering Dogwood

Deciduous flowering tree

Medium

Sun to partial shade

April to May

$150 per 15 gallon container

Product Name

Type

Moisture Requirements Sun / Shade

Bloom Time

Cost

ERNMX-157

Ernst Honey Bee Forage Mix

Meadow mix

Dry to medium

Sun

Spring to fall

$5 per pound, 10 pounds per acre

ERNMX-156

Ernst Low-Growing Wildflower & Grass Mix Meadow mix

Dry to medium

Sun

Spring to fall

$14 per pound, 20 pounds per acre

SGI

Insectopia Seed Mix Prairie Moon Nursery Meadow mix

Dry to medium

Sun

Spring to fall

$250 per 1/4 acre

•

Overseeding: Rake, scrape, score, or use a spading fork to break up the lawn surface creating good conditions for seed germination.

Spread native seed over the lawn.

•

Solarization: Cover the future planting area with black plastic, allowing the lack of sun, high heat, and low moisture content to kill the turf.

Seed with sawdust and compost.

•

Sod Cutting/Tilling: Use machines/hand tools to scrape off the top layer of turf and then till. This is an excellent way to convert small areas of lawn to meadows. Seed with sawdust and compost.

•

Sheet Mulching: Smother the turf by applying a layer of cardboard or newspaper to the ground and then blanket with 1” of mulch. Plant with seed and native plant plugs.

77 Sherman St, Hartford, CT 06105

For Religion and Peace

Plant List 2

Strategies for meadow preparation

24/27

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Catalogue Number

Hartford International University

Meadow

A Comprehensive Landscape Design for

Designers:

Common Name

Evan Hendra Harrison Takeno Houser

Gateway

88 Village Hill Rd.Northampton, MA 01060, (413)-369-4044, www.csld.edu

White Oak

Deciduous tree

Dry to medium

Sun to partial shade

May

$50 per 5 gallon container

Acer rubrum

Red Maple

Deciduous tree

Medium to wet

Sun to partial shade

March to April

$50 per 5 gallon container

Cercis canadensis

Redbud

Deciduous flowering tree

Medium

Sun to partial shade

April

$120 per 5 gallon container

Chamaecyparis thyoides

Atlantic Cedar

Evergreen tree

Medium to wet

Sun to partial shade

Non-flowering

$65 per 5 gallon container

Cost Estimation Paths

Gateway Plantings

Lighting

Structures

Material

Unit of Measurement

Low Cost

High Cost

Sand

per cubic yard

$30

$40

Moisture Barrier

3x100 foot roll

$28

$50

3/4” Crushed Stone

per cubic yard

$30

$40

Reinforced Turf Grid

13x120 foot roll

$600

$750

Concrete Pavers

24”x24”x2” unit

$25

$35

Landscape Boulders

per ton

$165

$200

Landscape Bollards

per unit

$500

$800

Landscape Light Bollards

per unit

$550

$800

Building Light Fixtures

per unit

$100

$200

Landscape Path Lights

per unit

$100

$250

Inground Bike Rack

per unit

$300

$600

Enclosed Bike Parking Structure

per unit

$2,000

$4,000

Rectilinear Broken Stone

per pallet

$400

$550

25/27

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Quercus alba

77 Sherman St, Hartford, CT 06105

Cost

For Religion and Peace

Bloom Time

Designers:

Moisture Requirements Sun / Shade

Hartford International University

Type

A Comprehensive Landscape Design for

Botanical Name

Plant List 3

Common Name

Evan Hendra Harrison Takeno Houser

Trees

Evan Hendra Harrison Takeno Houser

Wood Stakes Minimum 3" Mulch Create Saucer with Topsoil Spaceing between Each stake should be between 1'-3'

For Religion and Peace

Finish Grade

Remove Burlap and/or Wire Planting Mix Backfill Prepared Subgrade

26/27

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Rope or Wire

77 Sherman St, Hartford, CT 06105

Designers: Rubber Hose at Bark

Hartford International University

Make sure willow stake is 3/4 deep

A Comprehensive Landscape Design for

Prepare Planting hole with rebar and a single jack

Planting Details

Make Sure Willow buds are facing up when planting

88 Village Hill Rd.Northampton, MA 01060, (413)-369-4044, www.csld.edu

Willow Stake and Tree Planting Details

88 Village Hill Rd.Northampton, MA 01060, (413)-369-4044, www.csld.edu

Works Cited References Light pollution effects on wildlife and Ecosystems. International Dark-Sky Association. (2016, September 12). Retrieved June 27, 2022, from https://www.darksky.org/light-pollution/wildlife/

Evan Hendra Harrison Takeno Houser

Meffe, G. K., & Carroll, C. R. (1997). Principles of Conservation Biology. Sinauer Associates

Matt. (2021, April 12). Light pollution and plants. In Defense of Plants. Retrieved June 27, 2022, from https://www.indefenseofplants.com/blog/2018/8/6/light-pollution-and-plants

Designers:

About: Sacred grounds. National Wildlife Federation. (n.d.). Retrieved June 27, 2022, from https://www.nwf.org/SacredGrounds/About Matt. (2021, April 12). Light pollution and plants. In Defense of Plants. Retrieved June 27, 2022, from https://www.indefenseofplants.com/blog/2018/8/6/light-pollution-and-plants

https://www.ukelectricalsupplies.com/astro-oslo-100-led-white-outdoor-wall-light.htm https://www.affordablelamps.com/acc-20399led-sat.html https://www.flexalighting.net/en/products/outdoor/bollards/sign-2/ https://www.premiumoutdoor.lv/en/lighting.html Sheet 17 https://www.bluetonltd.com/street-furniture/bollards/stone-bollards/ref-160/ Southwestboulder.com https://shop.arborday.org/white-dogwood https://gardentutor.com/gro-low-fragrant-sumac-rhus-aromatica-gro-low/ https://www.houzz.de/fotos/liriope-monroe-s-white-phvw-vp~43311074 Sheet 18 https://www.logees.com/winterberry-berry-poppins-p-p-a-f-set-ilex-verticillata.html https://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/showimage/383429/#b https://wcbotanicalclub.org/ferns/ http://aaplants.com/plant_library/plant.php?id=18399&name=heatherbun-chamaecyparis https://www.chesapeakebay.net/news/blog/epa_to_provide_4_million_in_grants_to_local_ governments_for_green_infrastru

Sheet 20 https://sou.edu/strategic-planning/wp-content/uploads/sites/28/2017/02/Campus-Learning-Spaces.pdf Sheet 21 http://www.bikeprovo.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Provo-Bike-Parking-Guide.pdf https://www.ll-99.top/products.aspx?cname=madrax+bike+rack&cid=3 Sheet 23 National Wildlife Federation (nwf.org) Sacred Grounds (nwf.org)

Works Cited

Sheet 16

27/27

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

https://www.artofit.org/image-gallery/burm-landscaping/ https://www.pinterest.com/pin/669488300833104587/ https://www.tripsavvy.com/top-sculpture-gardens-in-the-u-s-5082071 https://www.pinterest.com/marijkehecht/fall-woodlands/ https://treenurseryco.com/solomons-seal/ https://shop66004.mariewhiteblog.com/category?name=kalmia https://cherrycreeknursery.com/catalog/page/2/ https://www.co.wood.wi.us/Departments/LandConservation/Brochures/Tree%20Sale%20Brochure.pdf https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/plantmaterials/newsroom/feature/?cid=nrcseprd1409224 https://heirloomseedsofnewengland.com/shop https://www.thespruce.com/ornamental-grasses-1402931

77 Sherman St, Hartford, CT 06105

https://www.pinterest.com//a739a850b2097e5/patio/ https://www.bobvila.com/slideshow/10-stepping-stone-designs-to-elevate-your-garden-pathway-580288 https://soilretention.com/drivable-grass/professional/product-info/drivable-turf/ https://soilretention.com/drivable-grass/professional/gallery/driveways/

For Religion and Peace

Sheet 19

Hartford International University

Sheet 15

A Comprehensive Landscape Design for

Images