Interpreting a Cultural Landscape: The Frances Perkins Homestead

design 1: equitable access design 2: historical continuity design 3: sensory rooms final design arrival formal garden & ice pond overlook foundations brickyard accessibility guidelines planting palette i planting palette ii planting palette iii grading plans phasing & maintenance cost estimates i cost estimates ii

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project overview historical context existing conditions visitor experience accessibility geology and soils vegetation wildlife and habitat hydrology climate summary analyses

478 RIVER ROA,D NEA CW TLE,S ME 04553

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A OMPREHNSIC VE ANPL ORF THE SANCEFR PERKINS ADTESHOM

DESIGN

table of contents

ANALYSIS

88 Village Hill Rd. Northampton, MA 01060 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

table of contents

88 Village Hill Rd. Northampton, MA 01060 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

project overview To steward a significant transition from a private, residential site to a public one, the Frances Perkins Center’s board and staff sought a comprehensive plan to support the visitor experience of this cultural landscape.

frances perkins: the woman behind the new deal was the home of Frances Perkins (1880-1965), Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s Secretary of Labor from 1932 to 1944. She was the first woman to serve on the Cabinet and is often called the driving force of the New Deal, as her efforts were largely responsible for transformative programs like Social Security, minimum wage, the eight-hour workday, unemployment insurance, and child labor laws. These programs, alongside dozens of other crucial New Deal policies undertaken to combat the Great Depression, built the foundation for American workers’ rights today.

THE FRANCES PERKINS HOMESTEAD

was crucially informed by an intimate connection with the agricultural and industrial work she knew from her family’s farm and economic struggles. Perkins was raised in Massachusetts and spent much of her groundbreaking career in New York and Washington, D.C., but returned to her family’s homestead throughout her life and considered it her home. The homestead’s connection with Frances Perkins and her family is its most significant draw for visitors today.

SPRING 2022

PERKINS’ RADICAL PERSPECTIVE ON WORKER’S RIGHTS

interpreting history A VISITOR ARRIVAL SEQUENCE

that welcomes visitors to a new planned education center and 25-car parking lot, with clear connections to trails.

A TRAIL SYSTEM

that minimizes disruption to sensitive ecological areas, including wetland and intertidal zones, while allowing visitor access to points of historical and ecological interest.

A TOUR ROUTE

A SELF-GUIDED INTERPRETIVE WALK

A SITE-WIDE MAINTENANCE PLAN

A PLANTING PLAN

private to public THE HOMESTEAD HAS BEEN CONTINUOUSLY OCCUPIED BY MEMBERS OF THE PERKINS FAMILY FOR NEARLY 300 YEARS.

Frances Perkins' grandson lived in the Brick House and maintained the property until 2020, when the Frances Perkins Center assumed ownership. The Center's board and staff now offer seasonal interpretive tours of the site. Typically offered May through September, tours are offered on weekends with an hour and a half long tour of the house, barn, and immediate surrounding grounds; and a three hour walking tour that includes a loop through the whole 57-acre site. The house can hold a maximum of 15 people, limiting the size of tour groups for both tour options. Public access has not previously been permitted outside guided tours. and broke ground for a new education center and parking lot in 2022. In order to plan for this significant transition from a private, residential site to a public one, the Center’s board and staff sought a comprehensive plan that uses landscape cues to support the visitor experience of this cultural landscape, interpret its complex agricultural and industrial history, and showcase its distinct ecology.

THE HOMESTEAD RECEIVED NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK STATUS IN 2014,

project goals coincides with a crucial transition point for the property and organization. A successful plan will integrate the Homestead’s changing context and plan thoughtfully for its next phase. The six goals at right, developed in collaboration with the project stakeholders, guide the analysis and design for the plan. Stakeholders included members of the Frances Perkins Center's board and staff, and board and staff members from the Coastal Rivers Conservation Trust, which holds a conservation easement on 53 of the property’s 57 acres.

THIS COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING PROCESS

that leads visitors to key historical landmarks, uses minimal furniture, and complies with the property's conservation easement. The trail should connect the house to the river.

that contributes to an understanding of the historical use and preservation of the Homestead, and can be carried out by volunteers.

around the new education center and formal garden that prioritizes native perennial species, habitat for species of key ecological concern, and species with likelihood of survival under future climate scenarios.

NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION. PART OF A STUDENT PROJECT AND NOT BASED ON A LEGAL SURVEY.

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project overview

This comprehensive plan aims to facilitate the Center's mission by improving the visitor experience at the Homestead and stewarding the site’s historic landscapes for years to come.

that takes visitors through points of interest for tours led by a guide, with adequate resting spots and universal accessibility where possible.

A OMPREHNSIC VE ANPL ORF THE SANCEFR PERKINS ADTESHOM

is a nonprofit that operates a small museum in Damariscotta, Maine, and, as of 2020, the historic homestead of the Perkins family in nearby Newcastle, Maine. In addition to honoring “the legacy of Frances Perkins by sharing her commitment to the principle that government should provide all its people with the best possible life,” the Center is charged with preserving and protecting the Frances Perkins Homestead "as a place where future generations can learn about how a place can shape the character of a leader, and provide unique opportunities for understanding history."

THE FRANCES PERKINS CENTER

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88 Village Hill Rd. Northampton, MA 01060 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

historical context The Perkins Homestead has been continuously farmed by one family for almost three hundred years, leaving a complex agricultural and industrial history legible in the landscape. Now a National Historic Landmark, the Homestead is connected to transformative labor reforms instigated by Frances Perkins, its most notable resident. The Homestead’s many stories combine to weave a history of Maine and the people who have made this place their home.

story of a maine farm family

the homestead today

Midcoast Maine’s topography was shaped by glacial action, which created narrow peninsulas divided by river valleys.

The resulting coastline’s complex interplay between land and water has supported human settlement for thousands of years, relying on its diverse wildlife and vegetation, and its easy access to trade routes by river and ocean.

After Frances Perkins’ death in 1965, members of the Perkins family continued to live at the homestead until 2020, adding formal gardens, doing their best to maintain the extensive property with limited means, and offering tours by appointment to the public. No longer under intensive agricultural use, much of the former fields and pastures were allowed to return to forest to minimize maintenance. The Frances Perkins Center, a nonprofit based in Newcastle, assumed ownership of the homestead in 2020, and the Center’s board and staff now offer seasonal interpretive tours of the site.

The Frances Perkins Homestead occupies land within the ancestral homelands of the Wabanaki people, “the People of the First Light” or “the People of the Dawnland,” who based their culture and lifeways around the rich tidal estuary and coastline. The archaeologically significant shell middens upriver from the Perkins homestead in nearby Damariscotta offer evidence of dense Wabanaki settlement over thousands of years. The land was dispossessed through centuries of colonial conflict, and permanently settled by European colonizers, including Frances Perkins’ ancestors.

Today, Wabanaki people steward traditional knowledge and tribal holdings across Dawnland through active community organizations.

The Homestead received National Historic Landmark status in 2014, and broke ground for a new education center and parking lot in 2022 as they prepare to transition to welcoming the public to this historically private, residential site.

The Perkins farm was typical of coastal Maine farms, largely producing subsistence crops for the family's use in addition to marketable finished products, like bricks. 1880 is a transitional year for both the farm and region’s agricultural economy: it was the height of agricultural cultivation and the low point of forest cover, indicated by the 1880 Census of Agriculture.

In 1880, the year Frances Perkins was born, the thenundivided 193-acre family farm had 30 tilled acres (15%), 73 acres in pasture (37%), 90 acres in woodland (46%), with 30 apple trees. The family produced 30 tons of hay, 30 bushels of barley, 48 bushels of oats, 35 bushels of potatoes, 50 bushels of apples, 400 lbs of butter, and 50 cords of wood, and raised four oxen, four cows, four sheep, one pig, and 25 chickens (1880 Census of Agriculture). These livestock were penned in pastures by miles of stone walls constructed by family members over decades.

The Perkins family manufactured bricks on Perkins Point for roughly one hundred years, shipping them to regional markets via barge. The c. 1890 photo shows another brickyard and wharf in Newcastle.

“It is cool enough here so that one can sit in the sun without becoming a lobster. One can walk along the miles of the woods alone or in company. I take great comfort in being alone. One can paddle in a canoe all around the shoreline for hours without meeting a human being.” Frances Perkins

After the regional high-water mark of 1880, hundreds of thousands of young people left their family farms for urban areas, as did younger brothers in this generation of the Perkins family, including Frances Perkins’ father.

Agricultural land use is one lens to understand the site’s history of disturbance, succession, and resource extraction as part of the Perkins family’s story.

VEIGN AFGOLDE + ANSE GANH

The number of farms in Maine, and the amount of farmland under cultivation, peaked in 1880 (USDA Census of Agriculture).

478 RIVE , ADOR TLE,SACWN ME 04553

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A OMPREHNSIC VE ANPL ORF THE SANCEFR PERKINS ADTESHOM

Frances Perkins Homestead

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historical context

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In the aftermath of the conflicts of the mid-eighteenth century, the Perkins family's original homestead and barn were built, c. 1780-90, of which stone foundations remain. As the family became more economically secure, they built the extant Brick House and attached barn in the vernacular style as a wedding gift, c. 1837, using bricks they produced on-site. The family used the brickworks, located by the river for easy shipping and in use c. 17951895, to fire clay dug from a nearby clay pit into bricks.

These were used to construct local buildings, including Newcastle's Congregational Church.

SPRING 2022

Early European settlers constructed a fortified garrison on the Homestead site during the French and Indian War, c.

1750, of which archaeological traces remain.

The Perkins homestead was 52 percent cleared in 1880, likely close to its peak of cultivation and clearance. The undated photo above shows a clear view from the homestead's lower pasture to the river.

NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION. PART OF A STUDENT PROJECT AND NOT BASED ON A LEGAL SURVEY.

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PHOTO KEY 1.

Recently broken ground on the site of the parking lot, north of the Brick House.

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North elevation of the Brick House and attached outbuildings, the first view of the house for visitors.

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Stone walls enclose a farmyard by the Brick House. 2.7 miles of stone walls wind through the property, showing the extent of former pastures.

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The original homestead foundations include a house and barn built in the late 1700s.

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The remaining “marriage maple,” one of a pair planted near the original homestead, commemorates a wedding when the Brick House was built, c. 1837.

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The family cemetery overlooks a sharp drop above the river.

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Clay dug out of the side of this hill near the river, now a flat clearing, supplied raw material for the family brickyard.

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The point extends into the Damariscotta River, the site of the former brickyard.

CLAY PIT

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BRICKYARD SITE

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SECTION: The property descends 140 feet from River Road to the Damariscotta River. A mix of forest and open fields covers the site.

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ORIGINAL HOMESTEAD FOUNDATIONS

A OMPREHNSIC VE ANPL ORF THE SANCEFR PERKINS ADTESHOM

The final zone reveals the shoreline on the DAMARISCOTTA RIVER estuary. Hemlocks and pines grow within the family CEMETERY, before a steep drop into a tidal marsh.

A former island, now connected to the mainland, forms a point that extends 340 feet into the river. The shoreline shows remnants of a BRICKYARD and wharf active c.

1795-1895, connecting this small-scale family farm to regional and global trade networks through industrial production.

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existing conditions

riverfront

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CHARACTER ZONES

open fields An OVERLOOK over the fields, now partially blocked by young trees, is the first tour stop. The road emerges from the woods into 12 acres of open fields, reminding visitors of the property’s historical use as pasture and hay fields for livestock. This zone includes the stone FOUNDATIONS of the Perkins family’s original homestead, in use c.

1780-1890; the archaeological remnants of a GARRISON occupied during the French and Indian War, c. 1755; and a former CLAY PIT, now a flat clearing.

BRICK HOUSE & BARN

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Visitors follow the unpaved TOUR ROUTE on the farm road through the site on guided tours. The 1.2-mile trail leads through the wooded, hilly central zone, past views of 2.7 miles of original stone walls, vernal pools, ledge and exposed bedrock, streams, and varied ecotypes in the pine-hardwood forest.

EDUCATION CENTER (PROPOSED)

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is held by the Coastal Rivers Conservation Trust on 53 acres, including approximately 500 feet of road frontage and 1,000 feet of river frontage.

The easement does not include four acres that encompass the Brick House, barn and immediate surrounding barn yard, formal garden, and meadow north of the house.

The new parking lot and proposed Education Center are sited in these four acres. The protected area of the property may be used for “limited agricultural, silvicultural, residential and recreational activities that do not adversely affect the natural and scenic character” of the land.

The conservation easement’s stipulations guide the recommendations made in this plan.

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The 1837 BRICK HOUSE and connected barn frames the arrival from River Road. This zone is defined by a FORMAL GARDEN with native plants established by Frances Perkins’ son to the south of the house; a wetland with a historical, but disused ICE POND; and the entrance to the FARM ROAD, with a grass and unpaved surface. A planned EDUCATION CENTER and 25-car PARKING LOT added in 2022 shift the property’s main entrance to the north of the Brick House.

Four character zones define the Homestead’s 57 acres. From west to east, these zones include arrival at the Brick House, the forest, open fields and original homestead, and the riverfront with historic brickyard.

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arrival area

88 Village Hill Rd. Northampton, MA 01060 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

existing conditions

3/28 NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION. PART OF A STUDENT PROJECT AND NOT BASED ON A LEGAL SURVEY.

88 Village Hill Rd. Northampton, MA 01060 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

visitor experience The visitor experience is shaped by both programmatic content, including the guided tour and interpretive sites, and the sensory experience of the site's landforms, vegetation, and proximity to the river.

INTERPRETIVE SITE FAVORITE PLACE STONE WALL

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TOUR ROUTE

interpretive sites 80 FEET

GOOD VIEW

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A dramatic narrative unfolds as visitors approach the river, which is difficult to see, smell, or hear from most of the property. The wooded shoreline creates a notable line of demarcation, where visitors can suddenly smell the river and sense its proximity, before emerging into the open, breezy shoreline, with expansive views and briny smells.

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ABOVE: Seven key interpretive stops, including extant structures and archaeological sites, highlight parts of the Perkins family story featured in the tour route. Stakeholders identified their favorite places on the property, marked with stars.

RIGHT: Visitors' sensory experiences of the Frances Perkins homestead are shaped by views, enclosure and exposure, slopes and smells. Transition points between enclosed and exposed spaces are marked in black.

OPEN FEEL

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Transitions between open, exposed spaces and enclosed spaces shape the visitor experience. Open areas are hot and sunny, while wooded areas are cooler and shadier.

Steeper slopes occur frequently along both shaded and sunny sections of the trail (see sheet 5).

RIVER VIEWS The wide-open view across the river and to downtown Damariscotta is only visible from the shoreline.

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A OMPREHNSIC VE ANPL ORF THE SANCEFR PERKINS ADTESHOM

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sensory experience

While these transitions, especially the reveal of the river, create a dramatic sequence as visitors move through the property, steeper slopes without resting points or shelters can make for uncomfortable hot weather hiking, especially for older or less mobile visitors.

LONG VIEWS Acres of meadows with views to the original homestead’s remaining foundations creates a sense of openness.

visitor experience

SHORT VIEWS Views within the trail network tend to be short and enclosed by dense, wooded tree lines.

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Some of the views that the Perkins family loved, such as views of the river from the fields above, and views across the fields from the "overlook" near the central ridge, are now blocked by young successional forest, while cleared areas along the northern property boundary allow unwanted sightlines to more-recently built neighboring houses.

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The site has a mix of open views, short views, and long view across the fields. Visitors arrive to open views around the Brick House, which transition to short views within enclosed trails through dense, wooded canopy (A). The cleared meadows offer long views across fields to the foundations (B). The river is only visible from the forested trail above the shoreline, and from the shoreline itself, which offers expansive views across the Damariscotta (C).

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These interpretive stops and stakeholders' favorite places are important to retain in future designs and interpretive routes.

A comprehensive planning process is also an opportunity to reassess how the landscape could support an interpretive program that situates the Perkins family story’s agricultural and industrial themes within broader narratives of indigenous presence and ecological context.

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To date, the visitor experience has focused on five tour stops, connected by the historic farm road and trails, that tell the story of the site’s history with stops at the Brick House and barn, the overlook to the open fields, the original homestead, the brickyard overlooking the river, and the site of a 1700’s garrison. These interpretive stops communicate Maine’s agricultural and industrial history and the Perkins family story, and are most of the locations that stakeholders identified as their favorite places on the property. Additional interpretive stops include the clay pit and the family cemetery, with which stakeholders were less familiar.

4/28 NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION. PART OF A STUDENT PROJECT AND NOT BASED ON A LEGAL SURVEY.

88 Village Hill Rd. Northampton, MA 01060 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

accessibility Slopes, areas of wet ground, dense brush in the forest, and tripping hazards present obstacles for visitors moving through the site.

slopes

safety and obstacles Tree roots crossing trails, particularly on trails in the eastern part of the site, create tripping hazards.

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CONCEPTUAL SECTION: Slopes vary between flatter areas (<5% to 8.3%) around the house and open fields, and steeper sections (8.3% to >25%) in the wooded areas and by the shoreline.

STEEP FLAT

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Accessible routes will connect the Brick House with the new parking lot and planned Education Center. Fully accessible routes have slopes below 5% and appropriate surfaces, as outlined in the Americans with Disabilities Act (see sheet 21).

As in much of this region, the presence of ticks, brown-tail caterpillars, and mosquitoes during the warmer months present comfort and health concerns for visitors.

Making visitors aware of insect issues with signs and during tours will help them take necessary precautions.

The wooded road and trail network are the historical roads and paths used by the Perkins family. They were built for directness, not interpretation.

VEIGN AFGOLDE + ANSE GANH

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Bridges may make crossing wet areas easier. Wet areas make mowing the meadows sensitive to timing in the fall.

Very little of the trail network is accessible, constraining experiences for visitors of limited mobility.

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The farm road is 8 to 10 feet wide and covered with wood chips, leaf litter, and pine needles. The rest of the path network consists of mown paths through fields or bare ground through the forest.

Generally, the existing trails around the house and meadow have slopes below 12%, while forest trails in the center of the property and along the river have sections with slopes over 12%. The total length of farm road with slopes over 12% is 390 feet.

The farm road is comfortably wide for walking side by side but steep in areas. With an unstable surface and slopes over 12%, it is not universally accessible and may be difficult to walk on for people with limited mobility.

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STEEP PATH from meadow into the pine-hardwood forest.

The main tour route, which uses the farm road, mown trails through meadow, and forest trails, has six sections with slopes over 12%, the longest by the river at 70 feet.

Rerouting or regrading the trails would lessen the slope on the main tour route and improve accessibility.

Much of the secondary trails have uneven ground.

Roughly one mile of the lesser-used trails are hard to find and overgrown.

Trails outside of the main tour route need to be rehabbed, maintained, and signed if they are to be used by visitors.

478 RIVE , ADOR TLE,SACWN ME 04553

OVERGROWN TRAIL

STEEP SLOPE IMPEDES ACCESS

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STEEP SECTION OF PATH near the river, obstructed by debris.

A OMPREHNSIC VE ANPL ORF THE SANCEFR PERKINS ADTESHOM

MAINTAINED TRAIL

accessibility

FLAT

Flat ground where intermittent streams cross the paths, particularly in the fields, create wet areas in the spring and fall.

SPRING 2022

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Re-routing, raising the trail surface, or adding bridges could reduce tripping hazards.

5/28 NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION. PART OF A STUDENT PROJECT AND NOT BASED ON A LEGAL SURVEY.

88 Village Hill Rd. Northampton, MA 01060 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

geology and soils The Homestead’s underlying bedrock and varied soil types shaped historical land use and influence current-day ecological diversity.

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clay soils

Schist underlies this moderately hilly region. Where soil is shallow, exposed bedrock and ledge are visible close to the surface. Exposed bedrock and rocky soils underlie the hillier, forested parts of the property. These areas were likely historically kept as woodlots or cleared for more marginal grazing. Trees growing on ledge and shallow bedrock fall over easily in high winds.

The Sheepscot Peninsula’s characteristic clay was deposited following glaciation, when this landform was depressed below sea level from the weight of the ice.

Marine sediment flowed in from the ocean, depositing a thick layer of blue-gray clay along the low-lying river valleys. After the glaciers retreated, the land rebounded to its current elevation, bringing the marine clay with it.

The Perkins family and other producers of brick in the area used the extensive clay deposits, still visible in the Homestead’s clay pit, as raw material for industrial-scale brick production.

Areas of exposed ledge may make trail development more difficult, and limit where new gardens or gathering spaces can be sited around the house.

White pines, with their characteristically shallow and spreading roots, are most prone to blowdowns given the exposed bedrock. Blowdowns across trails pose obstacles to visitors until cleared.

Above the bedrock, retreating glaciers deposited glacial till, mixed stones and boulders of varying sizes. The Perkins family cleared these stones as they plowed fields and enclosed pastures, and used them to construct the Homestead’s extensive stone walls.

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The Homestead’s agricultural legacy offers clues that make the land’s underlying geology visible, with woodlots sited on ledge and marginal soils, and cleared fields enclosed by stone walls in areas with glacial till.

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In areas with higher elevations, beyond the extent of the marine clay, the Homestead has both soils of statewide importance and poorer, stonier soil developed from glacial till. Areas with silty loam near the Brick House and in the lower meadow were historically used for pasture and hay fields or crop production. In the property’s flatter areas, heavier soils contribute to hydric, or wetland, conditions.

These areas support distinct plant communities that thrive in wet conditions.

Heavier soils retain water and make the ground soggy in wetter seasons. Trails may need boardwalks where they run across flat, low-lying ground.

Protecting the site’s streams and wetlands from access will reduce erosion from visitor foot traffic and maintain existing habitat.

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STONE WALLS built by the Perkins family while clearing fields and enclosing pastures can attain heights over five feet, and run for 2.7 miles in length.

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EXPOSED BEDROCK emerges through shallow, rocky soil in the forested, central section.

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VEIGN AFGOLDE + ANSE GANH

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ledge and glacial till

478 RIVE , ADOR TLE,SACWN ME 04553

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WHITE PINES with shallow roots on ledge are prone to blowdowns, which can block trails and require maintenance to clear.

AUGERED SOIL SAMPLE shows the near-hydric soils in the wet meadow northeast of the house, similar to the clay used in brickmaking.

NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION. PART OF A STUDENT PROJECT AND NOT BASED ON A LEGAL SURVEY.

A OMPREHNSIC VE ANPL ORF THE SANCEFR PERKINS ADTESHOM

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88 Village Hill Rd. Northampton, MA 01060 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

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The Homestead has abundant native vegetation and a diversity of species. Hay-scented fern, winterberry, high and lowbush blueberry, goldenrod, asters, and orange daylilies all grow in the immediate vicinity of the house.

Historically, up to 50% of the land abutting the river was cleared of trees for industry and agriculture, and has since filled in with forest.

brick house & barn

Though future species composition is difficult to predict, early-successional species, like pine and aspen, which are less shade-tolerant, could be replaced by more shade-tolerant species now present in the understory, such as beech and sugar maple.

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Forest covers approximately 40 acres of the site, consisting mainly of upland pine-hardwood species. A one-acre deciduous forest, including beech, poplar, and red maple, grows east of the barn. A mixed pine forest with white pine, red oak, and beech covers much of the center of the property on rocky glacial till. Some ash grows on the eastern part of the property near the river. Birch and beech are prevalent in the wetland around the former ice pond. A hemlock forest grows along an intermittent stream in the north woods to the west of the high point.

Species include white pine, red oak, beech, poplar, red maple, ironwood, ash, hemlock, and birch. The subcanopy varies, with younger, more shade-tolerant tree saplings in denser areas, and open understory with ferns and lowgrowing species elsewhere.

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Woolly adelgid, a pest that threatens hemlock trees, has infested the roadside hemlock grove. Oaks make up much of the understory in this area.

The oaks or other deciduous species would likely replace the hemlocks over time, if hemlocks are left untreated for adelgid.

While no endangered species are listed for the site, considering habitat management for specific species like grassland-nesting birds may be useful for future forest management decisions.

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An expanded trail network could showcase a variety of forest communities and meadow habitat to visitors.

Maintaining this diversity of species and communities will contribute to abundant food sources and habitat for wildlife.

Invasive species decrease biodiversity by outcompeting native species, limiting wildlife habitat and food sources.

Some invasive species, including bittersweet, vinca, Tartarian honeysuckle, and barberry grow in the pinehardwood forest edges, and purple loosestrife grows in the ice pond.

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understory vegetation

Invasive plants will need to be managed so they do not outcompete native vegetation. Relatively small amounts of invasive species should allow effective management by hand removal, if monitored regularly.

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tree cover

A wide variety of native species grow in the formal gardens, including columbine, sedums, Joe Pye weed, echinacea, steeplebush, evening primrose, bee balm, New England asters, strawberries, and violets. Non-native ornamentals include pink turtlehead, black-eyed susan, phlox, daylilies, Siberian iris, squill, salvia, chives, and bigleaf lupine.

The formal garden contributes to the site’s species diversity and supports native pollinators with seasonal food sources.

As forested and developed land dominate the peninsula, the Homestead’s 15 acres of meadow are regionally rare, contributing to habitat not otherwise in abundance nearby. Meadow species include wood lilies, Canada lilies, New England aster, cotton grass, cranberry, and blue flag iris.

Maintaining or even increasing meadow habitat would support ecological diversity in the region.

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Post-agricultural successional forest grows on land that was once cultivated fields and pasture.

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SECTIONS A-A’ A 100 to 140-year old forest now grows on land historically used as pasture or hay fields. Meadow is maintained with annual mowing on a smaller acreage than historically cleared land. Pine, hemlocks, and hardwood trees have returned to the shoreline, cleared of trees when the river served as the main transportation route for the industries along its banks.

VEGETATION ECOTONE An open trail leading towards the north meadow routes between hardwood forest to the west and pine forest to the east.

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NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION. PART OF A STUDENT PROJECT AND NOT BASED ON A LEGAL SURVEY.

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The Frances Perkins Homestead is part of a wildlife corridor, connecting inland forest with the nearby tidal estuary, a complex and delicate ecosystem that is particularly sensitive to predicted climate impacts.

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DAMARISCOTTA

88 Village Hill Rd. Northampton, MA 01060 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

wildlife and habitat 1

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FRANCES PERKINS HOMESTEAD

a wildlife corridor

important habitat

The density of undeveloped land on the Sheepscot peninsula creates wildlife corridors for species that include moose and deer. Local conservation groups, particularly the Coastal Rivers Conservation Trust, have worked to conserve regional tracts of relatively undeveloped land and aim to connect these conserved properties in order to protect wildlife corridors. CRCT also holds a conservation easement on 53 of the Perkins Homestead’s 57 acres.

While the Homestead is not yet contiguous with other conserved properties, it is adjacent to forested land and provides access to the river from inland habitat.

In addition to its 40 acres of forested land, the property's open meadows, mown annually in fall, maintain 15 acres of habitat for summer nesting birds.

DA M

The Frances Perkins Homestead functions as a spur off these wildlife corridors, and its coastal frontage offers an important connection to the Damariscotta River.

Allowing forest to succeed these meadows would not reduce the amount of a regionally significantly habitat.

The property has 2,170 feet of shoreline on the Damariscotta River, a tidal estuary. The estuary, also known as the Great Salt Bay, was Maine’s first Marine Protected Area. This complex and delicate ecosystem is critical habitat for numerous protected and endangered species, including tidal wading birds and migratory shorebirds, horseshoe crabs, and bald eagles. The estuary is also a center for economically important oyster and mussel farming, shellfish which are sensitive to changes in water quality.

SPRING 2022

GREAT SALT BAY

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Any design for the Frances Perkins Homestead will need to manage potential impacts on the shoreline and sensitive estuary ecosystem from development and runoff.

2%

16% WOODLAND AND FOREST

47%

TILLED, INCLUDING FALLOW AND GRASS IN ROTATION

38%

HISTORICAL LAND USE In 1880, at its height of agricultural cultivation and the low point of forest cover, the then 193-acre Perkins farm had 30 tilled acres, 73 acres in pasture, and 90 acres in woodland (1880 Census of Agriculture). This proportion of forest and cultivation exemplifies regional land use patterns in Maine in this decade.

MEADOW WOODLAND AND FOREST

28%

70%

CURRENT LAND USE Today, the 57 acres remaining in the Homestead are no longer used intensively for agriculture. Formerlytilled land has reverted to 40 acres of successional forest, and 16 acres are maintained as meadow with an annual mowing. Less than two acres are mown or paved around the house.

CONCEPTUAL SECTION The range of ecological communities within the Great Salt Bay offers habitat for several regionally important species that rely on the estuary's continued health, including piping plovers, bald eagles, alewives, harbor seals, great blue heron, moose, and migratory shorebirds like arctic tern. Not to scale.

NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION. PART OF A STUDENT PROJECT AND NOT BASED ON A LEGAL SURVEY.

A OMPREHNSIC VE ANPL ORF THE SANCEFR PERKINS ADTESHOM

HOUSE AND LAWN MEADOW, PASTURES, ORCHARDS, VINEYARD

478 RIVE , ADOR TLE,SACWN ME 04553

wildlife and habitat

CONSERVED LAND Coastal Rivers Conservation Trust holds a 53-acre conservation easement on the Frances Perkins Homestead. A network of conserved land, outlined in green, protects wildlife corridors for many species, including moose, and the Riverlink Trail network for hikers.

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drainage patterns

regional hydrology

Water within the western half of the site drains to two intermittent streams that flow off-site to the north, and then east into the Damariscotta (A). In the southeast portion of the site, water drains to one intermittent stream that flows off-site and into the Damariscotta just south of the property boundary (C). Historically, this stream contributed freshwater needed for brickmaking on the point, and may have been redirected to reach the brickyard. Trails cross streams and wet areas frequently, impeding visitor access and compacting soft ground.

Routing trails to cross streams and wet ground safely during the wettest months will ensure accessibility throughout the visitor season.

The Damariscotta River watershed covers an area of 103 square miles, stretching from Damariscotta Lake to the Gulf of Maine. According to the Coastal Rivers Conservation Trust, the watershed includes at least twenty-five upland natural community types such as oak pine forest, salt marsh habitat, vernal pools, and oak hardwood forests—natural communities all found on the Frances Perkins Homestead. In this way, the Frances Perkins Homestead is a microcosm of the larger watershed. The health of the Damariscotta is dependent on maintaining the health of the ecosystems on the Homestead and all other properties within the watershed boundary.

The east end of the site, largely cleared as meadow, drains to a short intermittent stream that flows into the river.

Rectilinear ditches present in this meadow may have been dug to drain the fields for hay production (D). The ditches channel water to this intermittent stream or off-site to the north.

In turn, critical economic activities, like aquaculture and recreation, rely on the watershed’s continued ecological integrity. 60% of Maine’s oysters are raised in the Damariscotta, an eight-million dollar industry that helps sustain the region’s working waterfront and tourism (UMaine Sea Grant).

Tree canopy and grasslands intercept much of the rainfall. Current minimal use of herbicides and fertilizer limits potential impacts from runoff. Impervious surfaces are minimal; the limited additional runoff from the new permeable parking lot will drain northwest into the existing swale of the old carriage road next to River Road.

The Homestead serves as a model of watershed protection, and the increased visibility that comes with public use is an opportunity to share these practices with the public.

AKEL

An intermittent stream runs through the depression in the lower field.

FRANCES PERKINS HOMESTEAD

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DRAINAGE DIRECTION

SPRING 2022

Hydrology affects plant communities, accessibility, and habitat. Drainage patterns also reflect connections to the site’s industrial history, as freshwater was integral to the brickmaking process.

drainage

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STREAM

478 RIVE , ADOR TLE,SACWN ME 04553

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88 Village Hill Rd. Northampton, MA 01060 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

hydrology

B

Bridges allow trails to cross over streams.

C

The perennial stream that flows south through the lower meadow drains directly into the Damariscotta River, south of the Homestead’s property line.

A OMPREHNSIC VE ANPL ORF THE SANCEFR PERKINS ADTESHOM

GULF OF MAINE

D

Ditches may have been used to drain fields and allow for hay production. The remaining ditches fill with standing water in the spring.

The Damariscotta River flows roughly 15 miles from its source at Damariscotta Lake past the Frances Perkins Homestead, then another 10 miles to the Gulf of Maine.

NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION. PART OF A STUDENT PROJECT AND NOT BASED ON A LEGAL SURVEY.

9/28

88 Village Hill Rd. Northampton, MA 01060 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

climate As rising seas inundate coastal Maine, and rising temperatures shift its forest composition, the Homestead’s caretakers face stewardship decisions that shape the site’s ecological future.

Design and interpretive materials for the shoreline should be resistant to water damage or planned for obsolescence with sea level rise within the next eighty years.

VEIGN AFGOLDE + ANSE GANH

Current and predicted climate disruption prompts stewardship decisions about forest succession to guide this landscape’s ecological resilience in the near-term future.

August Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly (difference from 1985-2012 average, °C) 5<

Temperatures in the North Atlantic have increased up to 5°C since 1985, and the Gulf of Maine is among the fastest-warming areas (Maine Climate Council). Under a high-emissions scenario, southern Maine’s climate is predicted to shift to one more like Maryland or Virginia by 2090 (Maine Climate Council).

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478 RIVE , ADOR TLE,SACWN ME 04553

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Rising temperatures also affect projections for sea level rise, as sea ice and glaciers melt. In coastal Maine, sea level is projected to rise five to ten feet by 2100 (Maine Climate Council). Despite being ten miles inland, the Homestead’s shoreline and lowest-lying areas will be affected by sea level rise because the estuary is tidal. Water is projected to extend landward from the current river shoreline, up to 340 feet at the lowest extent of Perkins Point, the location of the historical brickworks. These areas may become accessible only at low tide, and the eelgrash marsh in the intertidal zone may not be able to retreat landward fast enough to persist.

climate

>5

The tidal estuary flows ten miles south into the Gulf of Maine, one of the world's fastest-warming waterbodies (NOAA). Maine’s average temperature has already increased by 3.2°F since 1900, which threatens species that are already at the southern extent of their ranges, particularly the beech, sugar maple, and aspen trees present in the forest communities on site. As temperatures continue to rise, and Maine’s climate shifts to one more like the mid-Atlantic states by 2090, new pests and pathogens will expand their ranges northward (Maine Climate Council). Hemlock woolly adelgid has already begun to affect the property's roadside hemlocks, and emerald ash borers could threaten ash trees growing close to shore.

SPRING 2022

climate change: areas of concern

BRICK YARD

The row of hemlocks planted near River Road are already infested with hemlock woolly adelgid. Adelgid has not yet reached the hemlock trees further east, or near the shoreline.

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0 A

N Concerns related to ongoing and projected climate change impacts include rising temperature, pest and pathogen pressure on tree species, and a predicted five to ten feet of sea level rise that may inundate low-lying areas within 50 to 100 years.

NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION. PART OF A STUDENT PROJECT AND NOT BASED ON A LEGAL SURVEY.

10/28

TOUR ROUTE ECOLOGICAL POINT OF INTEREST

88 Village Hill Rd. Northampton, MA 01060 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

summary analyses A landscape design for the Frances Perkins Homestead should highlight the site's historical, ecological, and recreational assets, while improving accessibility.

HISTORICAL POINT OF INTEREST

VIEW WET GROUND

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constraints

•

LIMITED CUES TO NAVIGATION AND UNDERSTANDING

Rich evidence of agricultural and industrial history in the landscape provide opportunities for interpretation.

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Lack of interpretive signs and cues limits the depth to which self-guided visitors can understand the history of the site.

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Potential points of ecological interpretation overlap with historical points of interest to create opportunities for deeper understanding of the land.

•

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An easement protects diverse and regionally rare landscape typologies and ecological communities from development.

The main trail and formal gardens are not visible from the new parking lot, which can create confusion on where to proceed.

•

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A dramatic river approach creates a natural destination.

Historical sites are overgrown and hard to see when foliage is present.

•

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Minimal slopes in the western third of the site create potential for increasing trail accessibility with improved surfaces and some trail rerouting.

Young forest blocks significant views from high points and to the river.

•

Open areas permit undesired views to and from the northwest neighbor.

800 FET

VEIGN AFGOLDE + ANSE GANH

N

design implications

ACCESSIBLE ROUTE ACCESSIBLE TRAIL POSSIBLE WITH RESURFACING

•

VEHICLE ACCESS STEEP SLOPES LIMITING ACCESSIBLE TRAILS

N

WET GROUND

•

•

Creating a clearer arrival sequence for visitors will help orient them to the site, physically and thematically, and connect them to trailheads.

Making routes and trails more accessible with material changes, route adjustments, regrading, comfortable resting points, steps, and handrails as needed, will help visitors with a wider range of mobility navigate more of the site safely and comfortably.

Using the site’s existing ecology to create landscape cues for interpretive sites and outdoor rooms could contribute to an interpretive experience that is minimally disruptive to the site’s sensitive historic sites and landscape.

•

ADA accessibility is limited to the parking lot, house, barn, and Education Center.

•

Steep slopes north and southeast of the Education Center limit accessible trail locations.

•

Steep slopes are difficult to avoid in the center of the site, limiting access for visitors with limited mobility to the trail network east of these slopes.

•

The secondary trails are largely unmaintained and no longer obvious, limiting visitor experiences to one route. Clearing vegetation and obstacles would be required to make them passable.

•

Wetlands limit access and make the ground soggy where trails currently exist, and may limit future trail development.

Responding to the site’s and region’s ecology, including protecting against disturbance in wetlands and shoreline, improving habitat and forage for wildlife and pollinators, maintaining high levels of water quality flowing into the estuary, and planning thoughtfully for climate projections will help the site and region maintain its ecological integrity and resilience under changing climate conditions.

Working with succession and using native and perennial plants could help achieve this goal while minimizing maintenance.

478 RIVE , ADOR TLE,SACWN ME 04553

•

LIMITED ACCESS

A OMPREHNSIC VE ANPL ORF THE SANCEFR PERKINS ADTESHOM

arrival area

summary analyses

0

assets

SPRING 2022

STEEP SLOPES

11/28 N NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION. PART OF A STUDENT PROJECT AND NOT BASED ON A LEGAL SURVEY.

HEMLOCKS REMOVED

APPLE ORCHARD

A

88 Village Hill Rd. Northampton, MA 01060 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

design 1: equitable access Equitable Access expands the visitor experience with universal access trails in the western third of the site, offering interpretively rich loops for visitors regardless of their mobility. A more navigable trail entrance reroutes the main tour path. Unmaintained trails in the northern third of the site are allowed to lapse, protecting the forest and meadow as undisturbed wildlife habitat and reducing maintenance by concentrating visitor use to one main trail route.

YOUNG FOREST SUCCESSION

BOARDWALK MEADOW TRAIL “DEER ROCK LOOP” B

Creates accessible loops (<5% slopes) through a range of landscapes, including the historical ice pond and meadow.

•

Shifts main trail from the farm road to a historical trail with flatter terrain.

•

Creates a clear trail hierarchy through surface material.

•

Adds an apple orchard, a historical feature, around the Education Center.

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Adds young successional forest habitat near the north property line that blocks views of northwest neighbors.

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Protects an intermittent stream with more vegetation.

•

Leaves the ecologically sensitive river area less disturbed by trails, compared to other alternatives that reintroduce the river trail.

BUFFER PLANTING

“RIVER TRAIL”

ADA-COMPLIANT ABA-COMPLIANT NON-UNIVERSAL ACCESS TRAIL SECONDARY TRAIL

06/27/22 21:28

A

A simple wooden boardwalk loops through the wet meadow northeast of the Education Center, allowing visitors to experience a wider range of ecologies near the Brick House and Education Center, while reducing impact from foot traffic on soft ground.

EXISTING VEGETATION PROPOSED CLEARED/THINNED VEGETATION OPEN FIELD APPLE ORCHARD GARDEN PROPOSED ADDITIONAL FOREST INTERPRETIVE SITE ECOLOGICAL POINT OF INTEREST

•

Accessible trails would be expensive to create, necessitating resurfacing and boardwalks.

•

Brings visitors closer to the neighbor’s house, which may infringe upon their sense of privacy.

•

May be harder for visitors to imagine the historical look of the property.

•

Fewer opportunities for visitors to explore the northeast part of property.

B

SPRING 2022

•

VEIGN AFGOLDE + ANSE GANH

“SPLIT ROCK TRAIL”

cons

478 RIVE , ADOR TLE,SACWN ME 04553

pros

A OMPREHNSIC VE ANPL ORF THE SANCEFR PERKINS ADTESHOM

BOARDWALK TRAIL “ICE POND LOOP”

“FOUNDATION TRAIL”

design 1: equitable acess

UNIVERSALLY ACCESSIBLE TRAIL

Crushed gravel is needed to make trail surfaces compliant with the ABA requirements for universal accessibility (see accessibility guidelines, sheet 21).

12/28 NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION. PART OF A STUDENT PROJECT AND NOT BASED ON A LEGAL SURVEY.

Inspired by the Homestead’s past land use, Historical Continuity restores sheep meadows and trails closer to their historical extent. Selective thinning opens up windows through young forest to showcase stone walls, and inset bricks cue visitors to interpret historic sites. The main tour route remains along the farm road and the restored historic trail network, adding the cemetery and garrison to the visitor experience, but not expanding universal access beyond the arrival area.

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SHEEP GRAZING CEMETERY

ADA-COMPLIANT ABA-COMPLIANT NON-UNIVERSAL ACCESS TRAIL SECONDARY TRAIL

EXISTING VEGETATION PROPOSED CLEARED/THINNED VEGETATION OPEN FIELD APPLE ORCHARD GARDEN PROPOSED ADDITIONAL FOREST INTERPRETIVE SITE ECOLOGICAL POINT OF INTEREST

cons

•

Removes forest to create more meadow habitat, a rare habitat in the region.

•

Has the most cleared area and the most intensive trail work.

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Creates views of stone walls.

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Highest cost and effort to establish and maintain.

•

Uses the current main trail and reopens historical paths, through clearing vegetation and removing obstacles.

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Continuing to use the historical trails would not add to an accessible network.

•

Adds an apple orchard south of house and adds a new garden near the Education Center.

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Keeps the roadside hemlocks as long as they will survive.

•

Blocks views to and from the neighbor’s house with young successional habitat.

•

Adds the cemetery to the tour and uses bricks as subtle, site-specific cues for interpretive sites.

A

Site-specific interpretive materials, such as a visualization of the c.

1755 Chapman-Hall House in Damariscotta superimposed over the historic foundations, or creative uses of brick and stone as a cue to visitors that they have arrived at a point of interest, invites visitors to imagine the Perkins family’s past.

VEIGN AFGOLDE + ANSE GANH

B

pros

478 RIVE , ADOR TLE,SACWN ME 04553

A

A OMPREHNSIC VE ANPL ORF THE SANCEFR PERKINS ADTESHOM

WINDOWS TO STONE WALLS

design 2: historical continuity

APPLE ORCHARD

SPRING 2022

HE

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88 Village Hill Rd. Northampton, MA 01060 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

design 2: historical continuity

13/28 NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION. PART OF A STUDENT PROJECT AND NOT BASED ON A LEGAL SURVEY.

YOUNG FOREST SUCCESSION

B

ABA-COMPLIANT NON-UNIVERSAL ACCESS TRAIL SECONDARY TRAIL

A

Outdoor rooms, such as a protected overlook with a view into the meadows, create resting places above the trails’ steepest points.

EXISTING VEGETATION PROPOSED CLEARED/THINNED VEGETATION OPEN FIELD APPLE ORCHARD GARDEN PROPOSED ADDITIONAL FOREST INTERPRETIVE SITE ECOLOGICAL POINT OF INTEREST

cons

•

A universally accessible loop (<5% slopes) creates a richer visitor experience near the Education Center.

•

New main entryway trail offers accessible (<12% slopes) access to the overlook.

•

Extends a new, challenging “ecological” trail through a range of typologies that connects to the old Perkins school house.

•

Opens up key vistas to the field, foundations, and river.

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Creates outdoor rooms as resting places above the steepest slopes for a less structured interpretive experience.

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Adds apple tree rows to the sides of the formal garden.

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Replaces the roadside hemlocks with flowering trees that add seasonal color.

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Proposes an additional trail through the property to the south, should the property be conserved.

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More effort and disturbance to establish new trail network and outdoor spaces, compared to other alternatives.

•

Potentially more maintenance and interpretive furniture.

BB

SPRING 2022

A

pros

A OMPREHNSIC VE ANPL ORF THE SANCEFR PERKINS ADTESHOM

PERKINS SCHOOL HOUSE

VEIGN AFGOLDE + ANSE GANH

NEW MEADOW

478 RIVE , ADOR TLE,SACWN ME 04553

APPLE TREES

desgin 3: sensory rooms

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Sensory Rooms expand the site’s themes beyond historic interpretation to highlight new ecological and sensory experiences. Creating universally accessible routes near the Brick House and shifting the trail entrance to a more accessible route allows more visitors to experience the Homestead. Outdoor rooms overlooking key vistas to the fields and river, and a new ecological trail invite visitors to take in the property in their own time.

GARDEN

ADA-COMPLIANT

88 Village Hill Rd. Northampton, MA 01060 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

design 3: sensory rooms

A high point on a ridge, reached by climbing stone steps, invites visitors into a secluded outdoor room ((Japanese Garden, Smith College, Northampton, MA).

14/28 NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION. PART OF A STUDENT PROJECT AND NOT BASED ON A LEGAL SURVEY.

88 Village Hill Rd. Northampton, MA 01060 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

final design The final design creates two interpretive, accessible trail loops in the western third of the property. Adjustments to the trail network and the addition of small gathering space expands opportunities to understand the agricultural and industrial history of the site by highlighting landscape features representative of different points in time.

RECREATIONAL FEATURES A

Two new UNIVERSALLY ACCESSIBLE TRAIL LOOPS totaling over 2,000 feet in length take advantage of flat topography in the western third of the site, running through the young hardwood forest and meadow east of the Brick House and wetland south of the formal garden. By offering examples of distinctive features found elsewhere on site, including diverse plant communities, interpretive sites, and gathering spaces, this expanded loop creates a richer visitor experience closest to the house for visitors with limited mobility.

EDUCATION CENTER

A

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FOUNDATIONS

STON E

The MAIN TOUR ROUTE uses a historical trail with flatter topography to expand universal access (<8.3% slope) to the overlook with views of the fields to the east.

C

A two and a half-mile long SELF-GUIDED TRAIL allows visitors access to the major landscape typologies, using historical trails where possible and adding new trails to access additional sections of the property.

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provide natural places for respite and renewal, positioned at the tops of steeper slopes to function as rest areas for visitors.

OUTDOOR ROOMS

I

ECOLOGICAL FEATURES E

F

Selectively CLEARING FOREST opens views along trails, lengthens sightlines, and restores more meadow habitat, a relatively rare habitat in the region, as most meadow has transitioned to forest since the early 1900s.

0 Universally accessible <5% Universally accessible <8.3% Not universally accessible

250

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N N

HISTORICAL FEATURES G

50-foot wide sections of YOUNG FOREST grow where meadow is left unmowed, eventually blocking views to and from neighbors’ houses to the north. An additional section of meadow is left unmowed and allowed to succeed into forest, protecting areas prone to erosion or wetter soils.

H

is concentrated within three key tour stops, minimizing impact and maintenance elsewhere on the site and highlighting interpretive themes, including the site’s agricultural and industrial history and its ecology.

INTERPRETIVE FURNITURE

I

GARRISON AND CEMETERY: Trees are removed as part of the rehabilitation of these sensitive historic sites. A new trail running east from the main tour route, through existing wooden posts, provides a more obvious point of entry to the cemetery for visitors.

NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION. PART OF A STUDENT PROJECT AND NOT BASED ON A LEGAL SURVEY.

A OMPREHNSIVC ANPL ORF THE SANCEFR PERKINS ADTESHOM

HEMLOCKS along River Road, affected with woolly adelgid, are removed allowing understory trees, including oaks, to replace them. Where no understory trees are present along the parking lot, oaks are planted to replace the visual barrier to the road. Hemlocks in other areas of the property, not yet showing signs of woolly adelgid, are left as habitat but monitored. Where they have little danger of falling on trails, trees are not preemptively removed even if signs of woolly adelgid are present.

478 RIVER ROA,D NEA CW TLE,S ME 04553

CEMETERY

final design

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BRICK HOUSE

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DESIGN DETAIL A new arrival sequence to the Homestead and new Education Center welcomes visitors, orients them to the trail network, and offers a preview of the landscapes and interpretive narrative of the whole property.

These renderings follow the proposed designs from Spencer Preservation Group as of April 30, 2022, for projected construction in 2023. The Education Center to the north of the Brick House will serve as the primary interpretive center for the Homestead. A wooden deck with an observation area will surround the building, overlooking the wild garden to the east.

EDUCATION CENTER + DECK:

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MAIN ADA ENTRANCE WITH LIFT

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WILD GARDEN

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PICNIC AREA

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DIRECTIONAL SIGN

120 TFE TO EASTERN TRAIL NETWORK

N ENTRANCE AND PARKING LOT: The new entrance from River Road and gravel 25-car lot are under construction at the time of writing; refer to construction documents from Brown, Richardson, Rowe for the final design. A 6-foot wide crushed gravel path beginning on the east side of the parking lot is the primary visitor route to the Brick House and Education Center. The path diverges into two routes at the southeastern corner of the parking lot. The eastern spur leads to the Education Center through a gap in the stone wall and enters the courtyard between the barn and the Education Center.

The southern spur curves across mown turf to reach the new main entrance to the Brick House. A bike rack between the parking lot and Education Center enables local visitors and bike tour groups to visit the Homestead.

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GATHERING AREA

The existing 10’ wide gravel SERVICE DRIVE from River Road to the Carriage House, to the south of the Brick House, retains its current footprint, but will be used for service vehicles only. Where the accessible trail leading from the trailhead to the formal garden crosses the service drive, the surface changes to an inset stone slab to draw attention to pedestrians.

D

GATHERING SPACES relocate from the formal garden closer to the Education Center and Brick House. 1) The 25’x30’ courtyard between the Education Center and the barn, defined by new fieldstone retaining walls with five benches as seating serves as the primary gathering and orientation area. 2) The 20’x45’ space east of the barn, with mown turf and exposed ledge, is separated from the shed by existing stone walls on three sides, but open to the main path from the Education Center to the trailhead.

Movable tables and chairs invite visitors to picnic. 3) The mown turf east of the picnic area and shed serves as another gathering area for larger events; this space is defined by existing stone walls to the east and west. 4) The wild garden serves as additional gathering space.

B

E

High and lowbush blueberries offer year-round color with little maintenance (Wonderland Trail, Acadia National Park).

Crushed granite surfacing makes trails accessible (Weir Farm, CT).

D2

The courtyard picnic area with movable furniture within stone walls.

NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION. PART OF A STUDENT PROJECT AND NOT BASED ON A LEGAL SURVEY.

VEIGN AFGOLDE + ANSE GANH

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PATH

478 RIVE , ADOR TLE,SACWN ME 04553

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A OMPREHNSIC VE ANPL ORF THE SANCEFR PERKINS ADTESHOM

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OLD CARRIAGE ROAD

A directional sign visible from the Education Center, courtyard, and main entrance from the parking lot directs visitors to the main TRAILHEAD. The accessible path leads past the picnic area to the primary entrance to the trail system to the southeast of the barn, shaded by three new maples, echoing the marriage maples once planted onsite. A panel on the south side of the intersection shows a simplified trail map and descriptions of each route’s distance, surface, slope, steps, and resting points to allow visitors to make informed decisions about their options. From the trailhead, the path to the east leads into the rest of the trail network, including a new accessible trail loop around the young hardwood forest and into the meadow, and the path to the south leads to the accessible loop through the formal garden, orchard and wetland boardwalk. Regrading (see grading plan, sheet 25) reduces slopes to less than 5%, increasing accessibility.

Accessible trails are resurfaced with crushed gravel to meet ABA guidelines. The 10-foot wide farm road, the former main entrance to the southeast of the Brick House, is unaltered and now functions as a secondary, nonuniversally accessible route with a natural surface. The farm road becomes the main trail again near Split Rock where the new accessible trail converges with it.

SPRING 2022

E

RIV

The Education Center deck overlooks and leads down into a WILD GARDEN defined by existing stone walls to the north and east. An accessible 5-foot wide crushed gravel pathway also enters the 35-foot by 150-foot garden, curving through the irregular space and existing trees. The path loops around the garden’s focal point, a cluster of shrubs and boulders surrounding a birch tree, and reaches a seating area with three stone slab benches tucked in the north corner of the garden.

A Frances Perkins quotation is engraved around the outer faces of the slabs. The gathering area offers a view down the length of the garden, and its low-maintenance, native Maine coastal plants with year-round color planted underneath the existing trees (see planting palette, p. 22).

One spur off the terminal loop passes through a gap in the stone wall to connect to the main trail to the east of the garden.

design detail: arrival

A

88 Village Hill Rd. Northampton, MA 01060 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

arrival

16/28

88 Village Hill Rd. Northampton, MA 01060 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

formal garden & ice pond DESIGN DETAIL The accessible visitor experience expands beyond the Brick House to reach the formal garden, with additional apple trees evoking its past use as an orchard, and around the historic ice pond, now a wetland, navigable by boardwalk.

MOWN PATH

GARDEN BEDS

MEADOW

ST ON

C

B

EW AL

B

L

C

M

R FA

ORCHARD TREES

AD RO

E

A

A

ICE POND WETLAND

SCHOOL HOUSE SPRING

ACCESSIBLE TRAIL

BOARDWALK OVER SATURATED GROUND D

ST R

EA M

M EA

N

0

30

C

Apple orchard in a meadow with mown paths between trees (Florence Griswold Museum, Lyme, CT).

The apples are planted within a MEADOW on the west side of the garden, with mown paths allowing visitors to walk through the area. Meadow reduces the amount of lawn to mow, increases pollinator and bird habitat, and adds visual texture to the garden. Two benches at the western edge of the garden, adjacent to the grape trellis, allow visitors a place for quiet contemplation and a view over the orchard and garden beds. The mix of meadow and orchard, axial lines, and diversity of plant form invites visitors to paint and sketch.

D

F

STR

SPRING 2022

LAWN

60 FEET

A new 800-foot long ACCESSIBLE TRAIL LOOP which was once an ice pond and is now filled in by sedimentation, expands an accessible trail network around the first third of the property and allows visitors to experience the wetland ecosystem south of the house. This 3-foot wide trail is surfaced with quarter-inch gravel and two sections of 5-foot wide boardwalk where the trail crosses wetter, less-stable ground. A new 5-foot wide trail running along a low stone wall west of the formal garden beds connects to the rest of the accessible trails.

AROUND THE WETLAND,

E

An INTERPRETIVE SIGN provides visitors with information about the historical use of the ice pond and the ecological functions of the wetland.

D

Simple boardwalk creates an accessible trail through wetland (Florence Griswold Museum, Lyme, CT).

F

Option: The ICE POND is cleared, dredged and re-dammed, giving visitors a clearer understanding of the historical use of the pond during the Perkins family residence and importance of ice harvesting in Maine.

Dredging the pond also brings a water body into the accessible portion of the site as a way to mimic the elements present in the rest of the site not accessible to all visitors. While impacting the wetland’s current ecological community, a pond ecosystem would also be a valuable habitat for wildlife.

NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION. PART OF A STUDENT PROJECT AND NOT BASED ON A LEGAL SURVEY.

VEIGN AFGOLDE + ANSE GANH

RESTING SPOT W/ BENCH

Planting three APPLE TREES east of the formal garden beds and four trees west of the beds evokes the much larger apple orchard once located here. Limiting the number of trees reduces tree maintenance, while still suggesting the ways the Perkins family used the land. The apples would require annual winter pruning, pest control, and harvesting in order to maximize usable fruit. Dropped fruit would also need to be cleared regularly. Trees will need to be fenced for the first few years to prevent deer browsing. The apples may also attract wildlife to the garden, causing more browsing on other plants in the garden. Alternatively, using serviceberry or beach plum in place of apples to mimic the feel of an orchard would not require the maintenance needed for pom fruit. Using serviceberry, an important food source for indigenous people, could provide an opportunity for interpretation of pre-colonial history in this area of the property while providing important forage for birds and other wildlife.

478 RIVE , ADOR TLE,SACWN ME 04553

BENCH

B

A OMPREHNSIC VE ANPL ORF THE SANCEFR PERKINS ADTESHOM

from the Formal Garden to the School House Spring, and from the Ice Pond to the farm road, are reestablished to 3-foot wide trails, adding connectivity and exploration potential to the trail network. Vegetation is cut back and debris removed to make the trails passable. The trail surface remains mown grass or forest floor.

HISTORICAL PATHS

design detail: formal garden

A

17/28

88 Village Hill Rd. Northampton, MA 01060 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

overlook DESIGN DETAIL The accessible route’s destination is a prospect loved by the Perkins family, cleared to permit views over the meadow from a resting area on the path and from a new outdoor room on the ridge above.

A

OVERLOOK: The accessible route terminates 1,500 feet along the trail, at a point that historically permitted a view across the pasture, and perhaps as far as the river, that the Perkins family loved. Young trees are thinned east of the overlook point, creating a window to the meadow below during the season when trees have leafed out.

Some larger trees and low vegetation are left to stabilize the slope.

TO FOUNDATION SITES

RESTING SPOT W/ BENCHES

D

B A

A’

Proposed view from the cleared vista and resting area overlooking the meadows.

C

The historical 3-foot wide trail down to the is reestablished. Vegetation is cleared to make the trail passable.

A FA CCE RM SS RO IBL AD E T RA IL

/

MEDITATION LEDGE

C

B

MEDITATION ROCK

The upper and lower seating areas, and stone steps leading up to the overlook.

N

30

60 FEET

A’ TRAIL

0

STEPS

A

OVERLOOK

VIEW THROUGH THINNED TREES

0

10 ft

SECTION A-A’ The fields are visible from both the secluded overlook and the resting spot along the trail.

D

Two WOODEN BENCHES near the stone steps allow a place to sit at this tour stop, and provide a resting spot at the top of the 50-foot long stretch of slopes over 12% from the overlook towards the foundation.

VEIGN AFGOLDE + ANSE GANH

HIGH POINT ON RIDGE

A

478 RIVE , ADOR TLE,SACWN ME 04553

A

A OMPREHNSIC VE ANPL ORF THE SANCEFR PERKINS ADTESHOM

END ACCESSIBLE TRAIL

RIDGE PROSPECT: A new 3-foot wide, 50-foot long trail spur runs up to the high point on the ridge, adding another vantage point over the meadow to the east. A small clearing at the high point on the ridge with a wooden bench creates an outdoor room, providing a sense of refuge with views towards the river. The trail spur continues down the other side of the clearing to rejoin the farm road. At this junction, six 5-foot wide stone slab steps make the slope easier to navigate. The steps serve as informal seating when large tour groups stop at the overlook on the farm road.

SPRING 2022

B

design detail: overlook

6 STEPS 6” RISE

18/28 NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION. PART OF A STUDENT PROJECT AND NOT BASED ON A LEGAL SURVEY.

88 Village Hill Rd. Northampton, MA 01060 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

foundations DESIGN DETAIL The original homestead site becomes the interpretive heart of the tour, inviting visitors into the foundation footprints to explore, imagine, and rest.

D

Minimal INTERPRETIVE SIGNS provide information about the original homestead, the marriage maple, and life in the late 1700s and early 1800s in coastal Maine.

E

Option: BENCHES WITHIN THE FOUNDATIONS invite visitors to sit and contemplate within the walls of the structure, and provide a more interactive engagement with the space. Views over sheep grazing in the fields below, from the foundations and from another bench under a grove of trees at the edge of the pasture, allow visitors to imagine how this place might have looked and felt when the Perkins family lived there.

SPRING 2022

A new 3-foot wide 180-foot long trail runs north of the house foundation to the high point on the ridge, with views over the homestead site.

Understory vegetation is cleared and trees removed to make the trail. Some vegetation is thinned to create views.

RIDGE PROSPECT:

Irregularly spaced CLUSTERS OF BRICKS inset in the path surface mark the homestead as an interpretive site.

The trail is allowed to dissipate around the foundation site, cueing visitors to explore the area.

FARM

EX IST IN

ROAD

THINNED TREES FOR VIEW

GT

BENCH UNDER MAPLE

RE

EL

INE

B HOUSE FOUNDATION

BARN FOUNDATION

F

C

BENCH IN FOUNDATION

D

RIDGE PROSPECT AT HIGH POINT

Possible interpretive furniture around the foundations, including brick paths, benches, low perennial plants, and interpretive signs.

Aluminum label that includes botanical, common, and Indigenous names, cultural uses, and wildlife and ecological value.

E

STONE WALL

A

ONE TREE KEPT IN EACH FOUNDATION

TREES REMOVED FOR BETTER VIEW

RESTING SPOT GATHERING AREA

N

0

50

100

150 TFE

A simple interpretive sign with an anodized aluminum panel (Florence Griswold Museum, Lyme, CT).

Marking the extent of a foundation site that visitors can enter. (Florence Griswold Museum, Lyme, CT).

Transparent panel with visualization of former structure over foundations.

(Krusevac Fortress, Serbia).

NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION. PART OF A STUDENT PROJECT AND NOT BASED ON A LEGAL SURVEY.

478 RIVE , ADOR TLE,SACWN ME 04553

BRICK INSET OF MARRIAGE MAPLE CANOPY LINE

A OMPREHNSIC VE ANPL ORF THE SANCEFR PERKINS ADTESHOM

NATIVE LOW-GROWING PLANTS in and around the foundations allow access to the structures while discouraging sapling growth and providing color (see planting palette, sheet 24).

design detail: foundations

F

TR AI L

B

C

VEIGN AFGOLDE + ANSE GANH

are removed around the foundations in order to protect this sensitive archaeological site and allow clearer views of the remaining stone structures. Trees, including the c. 1800 marriage maple, remain between the two structures to provide shade for visitors. A single tree remains in each foundation to show the successional nature of the forest emerging through the manmade structure, and provides additional shade.

TREES AND LARGE SHRUBS

NE W

A

19/28

88 Village Hill Rd. Northampton, MA 01060 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

brickyard DESIGN DETAIL The tour concludes at the shoreline and historic brickyard, showcasing the homestead’s industrial history, the dramatic view over the river, and the shoreline’s distinctive ecology, with spaces for gathering and reflection.

100 TFE

N A

INTERPRETIVE SIGN

A

0

10 ft

STONE SEATING

A’ DECK

RIVER

SPRING 2022

A trio of irregular stone slabs are clustered in the center, intended less as a gathering place and more so as an outward-facing area for respite and reflection overlooking the river and the existing grove of trees at the nearby high point. A Frances Perkins quotation is engraved around the outer faces of the slabs.

A small aluminum interpretive sign in the northeast corner of the seating area overlooks the river and the town of Damariscotta, offering information about the brickyard and inviting visitors to make connections between the site, its industrial history, and its regional context.

SEATING AREA:

SECTION A-A’ The kiln site interpretive area, seating, and deck.

F

RESTING SPOT W/ BENCH

+10 FEET SEA LEVEL RISE

APPROXIMATE CURRENT SHORELINE +/- LOW TIDE

9 STEPS 6” RISE B

CLAY PIT

11 STEPS 6” RISE

TRE

E LI

THRESHOLD POSTS AT SLR LINE

WOOD OVERLOOK DECK

WEATHERED STONE PROPERTY LINE MARKER

SITTING SLABS W/ BRICK CLUSTERS IN GROUND

A’

NE

ROC KY E D

HISTORICAL PATH

GE

F

E

C

A

LOW VEGETATION TO GUIDE VISITOR MOVEMENT

E

The kiln site interpretive area, seating, and deck integrated into boulders at the high tide line.

G

D

G

OVERLOOK DECK: The clusters of bricks in the path lead 10’ from the seating area to a two-level, wooden deck overlooking the tidal estuary. The deck provides a destination and focal point to draw visitors, concentrating foot traffic away from the rest of the delicate shoreline. An irregular stone slab set flush to grade visually connects the seating area and the deck. The edge of the 10’x15’ upper level of the deck, 1’ higher than the lower level and connected by a step, provides informal seating. The edge of the lower deck curves to fit between existing boulders at the high tide line, integrating the structure organically into the shoreline. The deck is constructed of black locust (lifespan up to 75 years) or cedar (lifespan of 25-40 years) for longevity, while keeping in mind that sea level rise is projected to overtake this part of the shoreline in 50-80 years.

LOW VEGETATION, including prickly native plants like juniper, discourages access to the rest of the shoreline, minimizing impacts from foot traffic and reducing erosion.

If needed, a small sign requesting that visitors respect the delicate ecosystem by remaining on the trail and gathering spaces, and reminding them not to remove any material from the National Historic Landmark, further reduces impact.

F

Wooden deck that combines stone and wood (Florence Griswold Museum, Lyme, CT).

478 RIVE , ADOR TLE,SACWN ME 04553

60

E

A OMPREHNSIC VE ANPL ORF THE SANCEFR PERKINS ADTESHOM

20

PROPERTY LINE MARKERS: A line of stone pillars indicates the property boundary to the south, discouraging visitors from wandering onto the neighboring property during their visit. Alternatively, native shrubs such as low-growing juniper planted along the property line discourages trespassing to the south while maintaining views.

Irregularly spaced CLUSTERS OF BRICKS inset in the path surface indicate the final interpretive site, the location of the Perkins family brickyard, active c. 1795-1895. The corners of the 30’x35’ kiln site are delineated by a line of inset bricks.

design detail: brickyard

0

C

D

VEIGN AFGOLDE + ANSE GANH

The main tour route’s final 200’ section descends the trail’s steep slope (>25%) to the brickyard point via two sets of steps with 6” rise, the first set of 9 steps past the clay pit and the second set of 11 steps near the edge of the tree line. The entrance to the point is set off by a stone post on either side of the path, marking a threshold at the sea level rise line.

PATH AND STEPS:

SIGN

B

The path broadens into an existing 15’x20’ clearing that serves as the main resting area for guided tours to introduce visitors to the clay pit and brickyard. A bench along the side of the path offers a view of the aluminum interpretive sign at the entrance to the clay pit, a flat area dug into the side of the hill to the north. Interactive, sensory activities, like brickmaking or feeling different soil and clay textures, could take place on guided tours intended for young visitors and their families.

RESTING AREA AND CLAY PIT:

PILLAR

A

20/28 NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION. PART OF A STUDENT PROJECT AND NOT BASED ON A LEGAL SURVEY.

ADA ROUTES BETWEEN BUILDINGS & PARKING LOT

88 Village Hill Rd. Northampton, MA 01060 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

accessibility guidelines With resurfacing and minimal regrading, existing trails in the western third of the site can be made more accessible and new accessible trails can be added to make universally accessible loops.

ABA TRAILS WITH SLOPES UP TO 12% IN SECTIONS

NON-ACCESSIBLE TRAILS (SLOPES AND SURFACES VARY)

A

CONSTRUCTION DETAIL: BOARDWALK DECKING TOE RAIL

ABA TRAILS WITH SLOPES LESS THAN 5%

GAP LESS THAN 1/2”

STRINGER

SPRING 2022

TOP OF GRADE

A

HELICAL PILE REDUCES DISTURBANCE WHILE ANCHORING INTO GROUND

VEIGN AFGOLDE + ANSE GANH

DECKING

A ground surface that is firm and stable.

•

A clear tread width of 5 feet to allow adequate passing space. Where this is not possible, the trail can be 3 feet wide minimum and provide passing spaces at intervals of 1,000 feet maximum.

•

Tread obstacles of no more than 1/2 inch in height.

•

Boardwalk openings of no more than 1/2 inch in diameter.

•

Not more than 30 percent of the total length of a trail with a running slope steeper than 8.33%.

Trail information signs at trailheads include the following information: length of the trail; surface type; typical and minimum tread width; typical and maximum running slope; and typical and maximum cross slope.

A

Using boardwalk for sections of trails that cross streams or wetland will allow for greater accessibility for all visitors. Analysis suggests boardwalks of 20 and 40 feet in length on the south loop and 100 feet in length on the north loop may be needed.

CONSTRUCTION DETAIL: ACCESSIBLE TRAILS

1

A cross slope of no more than 5%.

•

A ground surface that is stable, firm, and slip resistant.

•

A maximum length of trail segment based the following running slope intervals: between 5 and 8.33%: 200 feet; between 8.3 and 10%: 30 feet; between 10 and 12%: 10 feet.

•

A clear width of 5 feet to allow adequate passing spaces.

Resting intervals with running slopes of 5% maximum between any steep segments. The resting interval length is 60 inches long minimum.

PERSPECTIVE VIEW

A surface with a running slope equal to or less than 5%.

•

•

SLEEPER

Using the American with Disabilities Act (ADA) guidelines where the terrain allows will make trails easier for persons with limited mobility (ADA section 402: Accessible Routes).

•

STRINGER

•

20

A cross-slope of no more than 2%.

NOTES: 1. EXCAVATE 6” DOWN TO MINERAL SOIL. 2. ANGLING THE EDGES AT A 45-DEGREE ANGLE HELPS WATER DRAIN FROM THE GRAVEL AREA. 3. SURFACE WILL REQUIRE REGULAR MAINTENANCE TO FIX POTHOLES AND REDISTRIBUTE OR ADD GRAVEL TO MAINTAIN SLOPE.

SECTION VIEW Resurfacing trails will make them wheelchair accessible.

NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION. PART OF A STUDENT PROJECT AND NOT BASED ON A LEGAL SURVEY.

478 RIVE , ADOR TLE,SACWN ME 04553

•

•

A OMPREHNSIC VE ANPL ORF THE SANCEFR PERKINS ADTESHOM

Trail designs should follow the Architectural Barriers Act (ABA) where the terrain allows to provide universal accessibility (ABA section 1017: Trails).

5’ WIDTH BETWEEN TOE RAILS FOR ADEQUATE PASSING SPACE

accessibility guidelines

TOE RAIL

21/28

88 Village Hill Rd. Northampton, MA 01060 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

planting palette i roadside BOTANICAL NAME

COMMON NAME(S)

HEIGHT

WIDTH

CONDITIONS

FORM

NATIVE

WILDLIFE AND POLLINATOR VALUE

NOTES

Prunus maritima

Beach plum

6-10’

5’-10’

Sunny and well-drained, tolerates sand.

Shrub

Native

Wildlife and pollinator value

Supports bees, caterpillars, and birds. Makes excellent jam.

Plant at least two.

Amelanchier spp

Serviceberry

15’-25’

5’-10’

Full sun to partial shade, in rich, moist, well-drained soil.

Tree or shrub

Native

Wildlife and pollinator value

Ample food source for birds. Traditional indigenous food source; fruit delicious raw or in jellies and pies. Shallow roots, so other perennials can be planted beneath. Subject to same diseases as apples. Many cultivars, hardy to zone 4. Downy or common serviceberry (A. arborea) may be a good option.

Quercus alba

White oak

80’-100’

50’

Adaptable to range of soil, moisture and sun conditions.

Tree

Native

Wildlife and pollinator value

Southern Maine is currently the northern extent of white oak’s range, so likely to thrive under warmer climate conditions.

Susceptible to spongy moth, brown tail caterpillar, and oak lead blister, but more resistant to pests and pathogens than other oaks. Food source for 534 species, including deer, so may need protection while establishing.

Beach plum

White oak

Mountain paper birch

Lowbush blueberry

Wild lupine

Tufted hairgrass

SPRING 2022

Where hemlocks are removed near the parking lot, oaks present in the seedbank should be allowed to succeed.

Adding native fruiting and flowering trees along the road by the formal garden flags arrival at the Homestead, screens the road, adds seasonal color, and supports native pollinators.

VEIGN AFGOLDE + ANSE GANH

The roadside tree understory could be planted with the same seed mix from the formal garden and orchard meadow (sheet 23).

wild garden HEIGHT

WIDTH

CONDITIONS

FORM

NATIVE

WILDLIFE OR POLLINATOR VALUE

NOTES

Betula cordifolia var. Regel

Mountain paper birch

60’

10’

Drought and shade intolerant, needs abundant light to become established.

Does best in well drained soils such as sandy loams.

Tree

Native

Pollinator value

While yellow birch grows taller, lives longer, and is less susceptible to bronze birch borer, mountain paper birch has a smaller range in coastal Maine and its bark peels to reveal a reddish/salmon tinge which might pick up on the Brick House in the background when viewed from the woodland garden.

Culinary, medicinal, and cultural uses.

Juniperus communis var. depressa

Juniper

Up to 4’

Can spread Thrives in sunny, exposed rocky areas as mat and poor soil.

Shrub

Native

No (wind-pollinated)

Existing

Vaccinium corymbosum

Highbush Blueberry

6-8’

6-8’

Usually found in acid soils, such as peat bogs, or as an understory plant under pines and oaks, whose leaf litter creates an acid mulch.

Shrub

Native

Wildlife and pollinator value

Fall color ranges from orange to red depending on cultivar.

Berries can be harvested or provide valuable forage for birds.

Vaccinium angustifolium

Lowbush Blueberry

1’

1’

Prefers sandy, acid soil. Cold-hardy.

Low shrub

Native

Wildlife and pollinator value

Fall color ranges from orange to red depending on cultivar.

Berries can be harvested or provide valuable forage for birds.

Lupinus perennis

Wild lupine or sundial lupine

12-18”

1’

Sun to part shade in well-drained, sandy, dry soil.

Forb

Native

Pollinator value

NOT non-native Bigleaf Lupine. Native plant locally extirpated, so important planting to preserve native species. Important pollinator for native bees and moths, and is only larval host for endangered Karner blue butterfly. Deer-resistant. Available from the Maine-based Wild Seed Project.

Deschampsia cespitosa

Tufted hairgrass

2-3’

1-2’

Shade to part sun, adaptable to disturbed sites and poor soil

Grass

Native

Pollinator value

Forms dense, ornamental clumps. Spreads readily as understory plant to add four-season texture and variety.

Ilex verticillata

Winterberry holly

6-8’

6-8’

Wetland plant but adaptable to drier conditions

Shrub

Native

Wildlife and pollinator value

Bright winter color and pollinator food source.

478 RIVE , ADOR TLE,SACWN ME 04553

COMMON NAME(S)

A OMPREHNSIC VE ANPL ORF THE SANCEFR PERKINS ADTESHOM

BOTANICAL NAME

planting palette i

Coastal Maine native and perennial plants that require little maintenance, but provide dense coverage on poor, ledgy soils and year-round color with dramatic textures, colors, and shapes.

22/28 NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION. PART OF A STUDENT PROJECT AND NOT BASED ON A LEGAL SURVEY.

BOTANICAL NAME

COMMON NAME(S)

Malus spp.

Heirloom apples

Prunus maritima Amelanchier spp

Heritage apples and lower-maintenance native fruit trees evoke the larger orchard planted by the Perkins family where the formal garden is now planted. Underplanted meadow grasses contribute pollinator habitat, nutrients to help young trees establish, and color and texture along mown paths.

WIDTH

CONDITIONS

FORM

NATIVE

WILDLIFE OR POLLINATOR VALUE

NOTES

15’-25’

20’-25’

Full sun, well-drained soil, neutral pH.

Tree

Non-native

Wildlife and pollinator value

MOFGA Heritage Apple Orchard in Unity has a demonstration garden with hundreds of native Maine cultivars, many nearly extinct; Bailey’s Orchard in Whitefield also collects local varieties. Boothbay Apple Corps are volunteers who adopt and care for heritage apple trees. Plant two varieties for more successful fruit set.

Beach plum

6-10’

5’-10’

Sunny and well-drained, tolerates sand.

Shrub

Native

Wildlife and pollinator value

Supports bees, caterpillars, and birds. Makes excellent jam.

Plant at least two.

Serviceberry

15’-25’

5’-10’

Full sun to partial shade, in rich, moist, well-drained soil.

Tree or shrub

Native

Wildlife and pollinator value

Ample food source for birds. Traditional indigenous food source; fruit delicious raw or in jellies and pies. Shallow roots, so other perennials can be planted beneath. Subject to same diseases as apples. Many cultivars, hardy to zone 4.

New England Wetland Plants offers a New England Wildlife/Conservation Mix with a selection of native wildflowers, grasses and legumes to provide no-maintenance meadow plantings that fix nitrogen for young trees.

SPRING 2022

formal garden

88 Village Hill Rd. Northampton, MA 01060 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

planting palette ii

Apple tree in MOFGA’s heritage orchard

Serviceberry

Seeding additional colorful wildflowers, especially near mown paths, could add more biodiversity, pollinator food sources, and visual interest with color and texture for visitors.

•

Fox Sedge (Carex vulpinoidea)

•

Soft Rush (Juncus effusus)

•

Lurid Sedge (Carex lurida)

•

Spotted Joe Pye Weed (Eupatorium maculatum)

•

Blunt Broom Sedge (Carex scoparia)

•

Rattlesnake Grass (Glyceria canadensis)

•

Blue Vervain (Verbena hastata)

•

Swamp aster (Aster puniceus)

•

Fowl Bluegrass (Poa palustris)

•

Blueflag (Iris versicolor)

•

Hop Sedge (Carex lupulina)

•

Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata)

•

Green Bulrush (Scirpus atrovirens)

•

Square stemmed Monkey Flower (Mimulus ringens)

•

Creeping Spike Rush (Eleocharis palustris)

•

Fringed Sedge (Carex crinita)

ELEVATION VIEW

GRAFT MINIMUM 2” ABOVE SOIL FACING NORTH TO PREVENT SUN DAMAGE. HOLD TRUNK UPRIGHT AS SOIL IS BACKFILLED.

ROOT FLARE IS LEVEL WITH THE SOIL SURFACE AND VISIBLE.

MULCH WITH 3” OF WOOD CHIPS. KEEP MULCH 3-6“ AWAY FROM TRUNK.

FILL THE BOTTOM OF THE THE HOLE WITH A MOUND OF EXISTING SOIL. TAMP DOWN UNTIL FIRM. SPREAD ROOTS EVENLY OVER THE SOIL MOUND. COVER ROOTS WITH EXISTING SOIL, TAMPING DOWN SOIL AS IT IS BACKFILLED.

CREATE A SOIL BERM 2” HIGH X 4” WIDE AROUND THE PERIMETER OF THE TREE AT THE ROOT PERIPHERY TO RETAIN WATER. FINISHED GRADE

ORCHARD MEADOW MIX FOR BETWEEN TREES. SEE PLANTING PALETTE. BACKFILLED SOIL

478 RIVE , ADOR TLE,SACWN ME 04553

New England Wetland Plants offers a New England Wildflower Mix with “a selection of native wildflowers and grasses that will mature into a colorful and vibrant native meadow”. The mix includes:

planting palette ii

meadow

VEIGN AFGOLDE + ANSE GANH

BARE ROOT FRUIT TREE PLANTING DETAIL

EXISTING SOIL

NOTES: DIG A HOLE TWICE AS WIDE AND AS DEEP AS THE MASS OF ROOTS. ADD COMPOST AT 20% TO SOIL AS IT IS BACKFILLED OR MIXED INTO TOP 1-2” OF SOIL AFTER HOLE IS BACKFILLED. ADD AMENDMENTS TO COMPOST IF NECESSARY BASED ON SOIL TEST RESULTS. WHEN THE PLANTING HOLE HAS BEEN BACKFILLED, POUR WATER AROUND THE ROOTS TO SETTLE THE SOIL. LIME THE ENTIRE ORCHARD AREA BASED ON SOIL TEST RESULTS.

Native plant meadow at the Coastal Maine Botanical Garden

A OMPREHNSIC VE ANPL ORF THE SANCEFR PERKINS ADTESHOM

3’ (APPROX.)

23/28 NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION. PART OF A STUDENT PROJECT AND NOT BASED ON A LEGAL SURVEY.

ice pond

88 Village Hill Rd. Northampton, MA 01060 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

planting palette iii BOTANICAL NAME

COMMON NAME(S)

HEIGHT

WIDTH

CONDITIONS

FORM

NATIVE

POLLINATOR VALUE

NOTES

Sambucus canadensis

Elderberry

5’-12’

5’-12’

Moist to wet conditions.

Shrub

Native

Pollinator value

Important nectar for native bees and beneficial predatory insects. Used in medicinal syrup and beverages.

Caltha palustris

Marsh Marigold

1-2’

1-2’

Wooded swamps, near small streams.

Herb/flower

Native

Pollinator value

Spring ephemeral.

Carex stricta or Carex vulpinodea

Sedge

2’

2’

Herb/flower

Native

Pollinator value

Wet/dry alternation.

Asclepias incarnata

Swamp milkweed

2-5’

1’-3’

Marshes, swamps, and other wet areas.

Wet to average garden moisture.

Herb/flower

Native

Pollinator value

Showy flower clusters that attract butterflies and hummingbirds.

Chelone lyonii

Pink turtlehead

2-3’

1-2’

Sunny wet meadows and shady streamsides, full sun.

Herb/flower

Native

Pollinator value

Showy pink flowers.

Ilex verticillata

Winterberry holly

6’-10’

6-8’

Wetland plant but adaptable to drier conditions

Shrub

Native

Wildlife and pollinator value

Bright winter color.

Elderberry

Marsh marigold

Winterberry holly

Meadow rose

SPRING 2022

If ice pond is cleared out, stabilizing the disturbed pond banks with wetland plants should reduce erosion and invasive plant pressure, while attracting wildlife and pollinators with fragrant blooms.

VEIGN AFGOLDE + ANSE GANH

The New England Wetmix (Wetland Seed Mix) contains a wide variety of native seeds that are suitable for most wetland restoration sites that are not permanently flooded.

Clusters of low, native perennials inspired by colonial-era cottage and medicinal gardens signal arrival to interpretive sites, massed densely alongside or within the foundations to reduce maintenance.

COMMON NAME(S)

HEIGHT

WIDTH

CONDITIONS

FORM

NATIVE

WILDLIFE AND POLLINATOR VALUE

NOTES

Achillea millefolium

Yarrow

Up to 3’

1-3’

Sun to part shade, drought tolerant.

Herb

Not native

Pollinator value

Culinary, medicinal, and cultural uses.

Aquilegia canadensis

Columbine

2’

1’-3’

Shade to part shade, prefers moisture and well-drained soil.

Herb

Native

Pollinator value

Alchemilla mollis

Lady’s mantle

12”-15”

Forms mats

Sun to partial shade, not drought tolerant. Does well in clay soils.

Herb

Not native

Rosa blanda

Meadow rose

3’-5’

1’-2’

Full sun, drought tolerant. Does well in clay soils.

Shrub

Native

Wildlife and pollinator value

Spreads to form clumps, nearly thornless. Culinary, medicinal, and cultural uses.

Echinacea purpurea

Echinacea

2’-5’

1’-3’

Adaptable to a range of different conditions

Herb

Native

Pollinator value

Culinary, medicinal, and cultural uses.

Phlox divaricata

Wild blue phlox

8”-20”

Forms mats

Part to full shade, moist soils including clay and clay loam.

Herb

Native

Wildlife and pollinator value

Ilex verticillata

Winterberry holly

6’-10’

6-8’

Wetland plant but adaptable to drier conditions

Shrub

Native

Wildlife and pollinator value

Bright winter color and pollinator food source.

Coreopsis lanceolata

Lance-leaved coreopsis

1-2’

1’-3’

Adaptable to varied sun, soil and moisture conditions.

Forb

Native

Pollinator value

Readily self-sows and forms clumps.

Juniperus communis var. depressa

Juniper

Up to 4’

Can spread as mat

Thrives in sunny, exposed rocky areas and poor soil.

Shrub

Native

No (wind-pollinated)

Existing

478 RIVE , ADOR TLE,SACWN ME 04553

BOTANICAL NAME

planting palette iii

interpretive sites

A OMPREHNSIC VE ANPL ORF THE SANCEFR PERKINS ADTESHOM

Columbine and wild blue phlox

24/28 NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION. PART OF A STUDENT PROJECT AND NOT BASED ON A LEGAL SURVEY.

88 Village Hill Rd. Northampton, MA 01060 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

grading plans CONSTRUCTION DETAIL: STONE STEPS Re-grading the ground where the NEW MAIN TRAIL ROUTE begins to the east of the Brick House brings slopes below 5%, making the six-foot wide trail more accessible.

A cross-slope of 2% sends water north towards the hardwood forest, where it will eventually drain into a stream to the east.

Re-grading and adding steps to the steep slope between the clay pit and the river improves safety and accessibility.

A set of NINE STONE STEPS, one foot deep with a six-inch rise is installed on the five-foot wide trail past the clay pit.

A second set of ELEVEN STONE STEPS is installed near the edge of the tree line closer to the river.

SPRING 2022

Re-grading the slope directly east of the education center courtyard and adding FOUR STONE STEPS two feet deep with a six-inch rise brings slopes below 8.3% and makes the five-foot wide trail more accessible to people with limited mobility. A cross-slope of 2% sends water northeast into vegetation.

VEIGN AFGOLDE + ANSE GANH

TO E GA DUC .

RD EN CTR

TO M LOO EAD OW P

BA R

4S TE PS

N

2% SLO CRO PE SS

Source: USDA Forest Service Trail Plans and Specifications

PS TE 9S

TR AI

PS ST E

2% SLO CRO PE SS

L

AI TR ST ON

ST ON

EW AL

EW AL

TO MEADOW LOOP & GUIDED TOUR ROUTE

LS

TO PO IN

T

A OMPREHNSIC VE ANPL ORF THE SANCEFR PERKINS ADTESHOM

LS

478 RIVE , ADOR TLE,SACWN ME 04553

O ST

E AC RF SU

grading plans

UR MS

INE EL

FIR

OR

RM

FI NE

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LS

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FAC E

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25/28 NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION. PART OF A STUDENT PROJECT AND NOT BASED ON A LEGAL SURVEY.

88 Village Hill Rd. Northampton, MA 01060 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

phasing & maintenance MAINTENANCE PLAN

Reusing resources on site can provide nutrients, fertilizer, and mulch for the gardens. Collecting and

Surrounding house & formal garden

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

piling fall leaves from the lawn can provide a source of leaf mold to serve as both fertilizer and mulch.

Woodchips made from downed trees removed from trails can also be used as mulch. Lawn can be fertilized with compost tea as needed.

Most maintenance can be carried out before and after the Homestead’s main visitor season, with some summer tasks, such as removing invasives, taking place during the growing season.

Trails & field edges

MAY

JUN

JUL

SPRING 2022

The gardens and gathering spaces around the Brick House and Education Center will need the most regular maintenance. In the rest of the site, trails will need maintenance to remain passable, such as removing fallen trees and branches, and forest edges will require management to prevent encroaching into meadows.

Forested areas should require minimal maintenance outside trail routes.

Invasive plant management

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

VEIGN AFGOLDE + ANSE GANH

PHASING

Fertilize garden beds with compost or leaf mold

A new main tour route is established with an accessible trail to the overlook. A universally accessible loop runs through the young hardwood forest. Interpretive signs and bench areas define rest areas and points of interest. Historically sensitive sites—the foundations, cemetery, and garrison—are cleared of potentially damaging vegetation. The exterior of the foundations are planted with low growing natives to keep saplings from establishing.

PHASE 1:

Meadow is left unmowed allowing vegetation and trees to grow. The forest below the overlook is thinned. Forest is cleared for more meadow habitat and expanding views of stone walls and open fields. Historical and new trails are established, expanding the trail network to more of the property. An orchard is recreated around the formal garden. A wild garden and path extends from the education center.

PHASE 2:

New loops into the northwest wet meadow and around the ice pond wetland expand the accessible trail network. A short spur up to the high point on the ridge expands the destination point midway through the tour route. An overlook deck ends the trail at the brickyard.

PHASE 3:

See Cost Estimates (sheets 27-28) for detailed phasing components.

Prune rosa rugosa (to ht. of propane tank), raspberries (to wall ht.)

Cut back garden perennials and mulch beds with leaf mold or wood chips

Cut back woody plants along field edges, stone walls

Edge garden perennial beds Prune low-hanging branches along field edges for mowing access

Re-apply 1/4” crushed stone to accessible trails

Check for storm damage to trees and remove hazards

Mow meadow fields

Sheep grazing meadows

Regular removal of fallen branches - pile for animal habitat or woodchip for trail cover

Hand removal of vinca, purple loosestrife (ice pond)

Remove fallen leaves covering areas of spring ephemerals - trailing arbutus (pond berm, farm road)

Hand removal of invasive plants - Japanese barberry (forest), bittersweet (lower fields), Tatarian honeysucke

Cut saplings from in and around foundations

NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION. PART OF A STUDENT PROJECT AND NOT BASED ON A LEGAL SURVEY.

478 RIVE , ADOR TLE,SACWN ME 04553

Cut back perennials around house and barn to the ground - flowering raspberry, goldenrod, asters

A OMPREHNSIC VE ANPL ORF THE SANCEFR PERKINS ADTESHOM

Re-apply 3/4” crushed stone to drive

phasing& maintenance

Mow lawn biweekly

26/28

AREA

ITEM

QUANTITY

UNIT

COST PER UNIT

PHASE 2

Amenities

4-6 bicycle rack

1

each

$1,000.00

$1,000.00

$1,000.00

Amenities

Granite slab benches

8

each

$1,250.00

$10,000.00

$5,000.00

Amenities

Orientation station at trailhead

2

each

$750.00

$1,500.00

$1,500.00

Amenities

Signs: large interpretive at historic sites

6

each

$400.00

$2,400.00

$2,400.00

Amenities

Signs: 5”x8” directional along trail junctures

15

each

$150.00

$2,250.00

$750.00

Amenities

5”x8” anodized aluminum tree botanical labels

50

each

$25.00

$1,250.00

$1,250.00

Amenities

Wooden benches

8

each

$1,000.00

$8,000.00

$8,000.00

Arrival area

Heritage apple trees

7

each

$150.00

$1,050.00

$1,050.00

Arrival area

Clearing hemlocks along parking lot

0.45

acre

$5,000.00

$2,250.00

$2,250.00

Arrival area

1 gallon shrubs and 4” pots groundcover to fill in among existing wild garden plants

50

each

$15.00

$750.00

$750.00

Arrival area

Trees 1” caliper, installation along roadway

6

each

$500.00

$3,000.00

$3,000.00

Arrival area

Trees 2” caliper, maples near trailhead and birches in wild garden

4

each

$800.00

$3,200.00

Brickyard

4’ Boundary marker stones

8

each

$200.00

$1,600.00

Forest

Invasive plant hand removal, year 1

100

hour

$50.00

$5,000.00

Forest

Invasive plant hand removal, year 2 and 3

2

year

$2,500.00

$5,000.00

Foundations

1 gallon shrubs and 4” pots groundcover outside/inside foundations

1

each

$10,000.00

$10,000.00

$10,000.00

Garden

Mulch and compost

9

cubic yard

$50.00

$450.00

$450.00

Orchard

Orchard meadow seeding

0.1

acre

$4,500.00

$450.00

Resting spots

Brick pavers, used as irregularly spaced interpretive cues inset in path and natural surface

100

square feet

$20.00

$2,000.00

$2,000.00

Resting spots

Clearing historic sites (foundations, cemetery, archaeological garrison site)

1

acre

$5,000.00

$5,000.00

$5,000.00

Resting spots

Movable outdoor tables and chairs

3

each

$1,000.00

$3,000.00

$3,000.00

Resting spots

Selective clearing & thinning in front of overlook

0.7

acre

$8,000.00

$5,600.00

$5,600.00

Brickyard

Wooden deck

250

square feet

$40.00

$10,000.00

Throughout

Stone wall work; taking down/rebuilding (if additional passthroughs needed for new trails, or steps over wall. None included in this design, but might be needed if adding southern trail loop through adjoining property.)

0

square face foot

$90.00

$-

Trails

Handrail for steps to main trail, overlook and brickyard

31

linear feet

$125.00

$3,875.00

$2,500.00

Trails

Wooden trail bridges over wet areas (5 bridges, 3x8sf, 2 5x8sf)

200

square foot

$50.00

$10,000.00

$10,000.00

Trails

Universally accessible wooden boardwalks (north meadow: 5’x100’; ice pond: 5’x60’)

800

square feet

$90.00

$72,000.00

PHASE 3

$5,000.00

$750.00

SPRING 2022

$750.00

VEIGN AFGOLDE + ANSE GANH

PHASE 1

$3,200.00 $1,600 $5,000.00 $5,000.00

$450.00

$10,000.00

$500.00

478 RIVE , ADOR TLE,SACWN ME 04553

$450.00

$750.00 $72,000.00

A OMPREHNSIC VE ANPL ORF THE SANCEFR PERKINS ADTESHOM

$450.00

cost estimates i

TOTAL COST INSTALLED

88 Village Hill Rd. Northampton, MA 01060 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

cost estimates i

27/28 NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION. PART OF A STUDENT PROJECT AND NOT BASED ON A LEGAL SURVEY.

AREA

ITEM

AREA/QTY

UNIT

COST PER UNIT

Trails (phased)

Clearing & grubbing to establish trails

0.65

acre

$5,000.00

$3,250.00

Trails (phased)

4’ non-universal access paths surfaced with woodchips, materials free from chipping trees onsite

square feet

$-

$-

Trails (phased)

Re-grading ABA trails

700

square feet

$0.90

$630.00

Trails (phased)

Stone steps (materials, excavation, grading): East of Education Center: 4 steps (2’ deep x 4’ wide), up to vista: 6 steps with (1’ deep x 5’ wide), down to point: 20 steps (1’ deep x 4’ wide).

142

square feet

$90.00

$12,780.00

Trails (phased)

Universal access trails through wet areas (more material: 4” bottom material, 4” top material; 4’ width x 400’, 6’ width x 300’; includes grading costs.)

3400

square feet

$8.00

$27,200.00

Trails (phased)

Universal access trails with 1/4” crushed granite surface

16200

square feet

$5.00

$81,000.00

$27,000.00

Trails (phased)

Granite slabs inset in paths (Recycled curb slabs for service drive and slab near deck: $25/lf x 10’ long)

2

each

$500.00

$1,000.00

$500.00

Meadow

Meadow seeding

5

acre

$4,000.00

$20,000.00

$20,000.00

Ice Pond

Ice pond dredging

1

each

$3,000.00

$3,000.00

$3,000.00

Ice Pond

Ice pond wetland restoration (In case ice pond is dredged, would need to estimate labor costs and plants to reestablish in disturbed area)

square feet

$-

PHASE 2

PHASE 3

$1,083.30

$1,083.30

$1,083.30

$10,080.00

$2,700.00

$630.00

$27,000.00

$27,000.00

$65,963.30

$165,433.30

Image sources

PERKINS HOMESTEAD via Sarah Peskin WONDERLAND, ACADIA courtesy of Kate Cholakis KRUSEVAC FORTRESS via Sarah Peskin TREE LABEL Price List. My Plant Label. (2021, March 25). https://myplantlabel.com/price-list/ BEACH PLUM Sanchez Garzon, A. (2018, 14 November).

Beach plum. Distributed under a CC-BY 4.0 license, https:// commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MasJacinto-manzanosEsp eriegos_%282015%290020.jpg

MOUNTAIN PAPER BIRCH Hohn, C. (2017, August 1.) Mountain Paper Birch. Distributed under a CC-BY 4.0 license https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/9574335 LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY courtesy of Kate Cholakis LUPINE Native Plant Trust. Lupinus perennis. https:// plantfinder.nativeplanttrust.org/plant/Lupinus-perennis TUFTED HAIRGRASS Prairie Nursery. Tufted hairgrass. https://www.prairienursery.com/tufted-hairgrassdeschampsia-cespitosa.html

APPLE Maine Organic Farmers and Gardeners Association. The Maine Heritage Orchard. https:// maineheritage-orchard.squarespace.com/

ILEX Spring Meadow Nursery. Holly-Winterberry. https://springmeadownursery.com/plantfinder/berrypoppins-48150

SERVICEBERRY Schissler, D. (2014.) Amelanchier canadensis (Thicket Serviceberry). Distributed under a CC-BY 2.0 license, https://commons.wikimedia. org/wiki/File:Amelanchier_canadensis_%28Thicket_ Serviceberry%29_%2825992630554%29.jpg

COLUMBINE AND PHLOX Dietrich, E. Wild blue phlox. https://www.flawildflowers.org/wp-content/ uploads/2018/03/Phlox_divaricata-dietrich.jpg

ELDERBERRY Bressette, D. (March 13, 2017).

Blue Elderberry, Sambucus nigra ssp. cerulea. http:// nativeplantspnw.com/blue-elderberry-sambucus-nigrassp-cerulea/ MARSH MARIGOLD Cebeci, Z. (2022, April 24). Caltha palustris. Distributed under a CC-BY 4.0 license, https:// commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Caltha_palustris

MEADOW ROSE: Barra, A. (1993). Rosa blanda.

Distributed under a CC-BY 3.0 license, https://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/File:Rosa_blanda.jpg MEADOW Coastal Maine Bostanical Gardens Ecological Restoration Class. https://studioverdeus.com/cmbg-ecorestoration-class/ ALL OTHER PHOTOS TAKEN BY SEAN HAGAN AND GENEVIEVE GOLDLEAF

NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION. PART OF A STUDENT PROJECT AND NOT BASED ON A LEGAL SURVEY.

478 RIVE , ADOR TLE,SACWN ME 04553

$87,263.30

Mobilization (1-2% of subtotal), construction survey (1-3% of subtotal), tax and permitting fees, design administration (10-20% of subtotal), contingency (10% of subtotal).

WHITE OAK Msact. (2013, 27 May). Quercus alba.

Distributed under a CC-BY 4.0 license, https://commons. wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Keeler_Oak_Tree_-_distance_ photo,_May_2013.jpg

VEIGN AFGOLDE + ANSE GANH

$500.00

X

$319,485.00

NEWCASTLE BRICKYARD Cleeman, J. (2012). The Kiln in the Garden: Damariscotta River Brick Making and the Traces of Maine’s Agro-Industrial Past. [Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation.]

SPRING 2022

$27,200.00

A OMPREHNSIC VE ANPL ORF THE SANCEFR PERKINS ADTESHOM

ADDITIONAL COSTS NOT INCLUDED:

PHASE 1

cost estimates ii

TOTAL

TOTAL COST INSTALLED

88 Village Hill Rd. Northampton, MA 01060 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

cost estimates ii

28/28