OPEC Nº3 - SEPTIEMBRE 2024

Campaña de la sardina y el jurel

OPeC Observat orio Pesquer o Cantábrico

Rayas voraces ¿amenazan la almeja?

Publicación divulgativa de biología marina y pesca sostenible en el Cantábrico.

Año I - Nº3 - Septiembre 2024

Ballenas en el Cantábrico El arrastre y las aves marinas

Un método para eliminar el plástico de los océanos Los tiburones son imprescindibles

haz lo que te de la gana egin nahi duzuna fes el que et doni la gana fai o que queiras

Panpina

Let it flow

OBSERVATORIO PESQUERO CANTÁBRICO Nº3 - 2024 ISSN: 3020-948X Director

Javi Armisen

observatoriopesquerocantabrico@gmail.com

Publicidad

684 64 47 78

Edita

by

C/ Alejandro Casona, 9 bajo 33420 Lugones - Asturias

Reservados todos los derechos. El contenido de esta obra está protegido por la ley, que establece penas de prisión y /o multas, además de las correspondientes indemnizaciones por daños y perjuicios, para quienes reprodujeren, plagiaren, distribuyeren o comunicaren públicamente, en todo o en parte, una obra literaria, artística o científica o su transformación, interpretación o ejecución artística fijada en cualquier tipo de soporte o comunicada a través de cualquier medio, sin la preceptiva autorización…

OPEC no se hace responsable de las opiniones expresadas por sus colaboradores.

Opec Nº3 - Septiembre - 2024

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—4—

OBSERVATORIOpesquerocantábrico

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Opec Nº3 - Septiembre - 2024

Ha sido noticia El cambio climático y la proliferación de microorganismos ,POS FLIMPMBQNLOFPOS JRS KPOS PI4QA NPOSORSROH;NS=Q@PMRILRNJPSJRKSIQFA CLPS IKLF;HLIPS <S KQOS HRFERMQHGMQO F;OS QKHQOS JRKS QBGQ?S /RB.NS GN NGR@PSROHGJLPDSROHPSROSNPSROSNQJQ CGRNPSEQMQSKQS@LJQSFQMLNQ SROSGNQ JHROIQ@MTLRTR.HQKQDNQP?S6KS - SJR KQS@LJQSRNSKPOSPI4QNPOSROH;SIPEQJQ EPMSKPOSFNPJSNQPISODSFLIMPPMBQNLOA FPOSFG<SQNHLBGPO?S)LI9PS=QIHPMSNP ROS ERM5GJLILQKS RNS O8S FLOFPDS ERMP ORB.NS GNS ROHGJLPS MRILRNHRDS EGCKLA IQJPS RNS 'SIHNRT 7PGGHMQJSE IQPMODS KPOS EMPIQMLPHQOS OPNS FG< MROLOHRNHROS EQMQS 9QIRMS =MRNHRS QK IQFCLPSIKLF;HLIPDSKPS>GRS9QM8QS>GR R@RNHGQKFRNHRSROHPOSJPFLNQMQNSKPO PI4QNPOSFLRNHMQOS>GRSPHMQOS=PMFQO JRS@LJQSORSMRJGIRNSPSJROQEQMRIRN? ,QOSIPNORIGRNILQOSJRSROHQSHRNJRNA ILQSEPJM8QNSJRML@QMSRNSGNQSLQOGQE MHJQ@MT OQBMQCQJSIQAST LR

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OBSERVATORIOpesquerocantábrico

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Opec Nº3 - Septiembre - 2024

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OBSERVATORIOpesquerocantábrico

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Opec Nº3 - Septiembre - 2024

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—10—

Opec Nº3 - Septiembre - 2024

—12—

OBSERVATORIOpesquerocantábrico

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Opec Nº3 - Septiembre - 2024

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—14—

Opec Nº3 - Septiembre - 2024

Rayas voraces ¿amenazan la almeja?

Tal vez sea un titular un poco exagerado, pero según los pescadores gallegos, concretamente los de la Ría de Pontevedra, las ouxas, (águila marina, Myliobatis aquila), una especie de rayas particularmente voraz que carece de valor comercial, está implementando la presión de los depredadores sobre los bancos de almeja y berberecho de la ría de Pontevedra este verano.

Después de las mortandades masivas que se produjeron por los temporales de otoño a primavera, ahora la presencia cada vez en mayor número de ouxas en la ría preocupa a las cofradías.

Según apuntan los pescadores-recolectores, esta especie de raya causa estragos entre los bivalvos —16—

OBSERVATORIOpesquerocantábrico

en la ría de Arousa en los últimos años, pero hasta el momento había respetado, dentro de unos límites razonables, su actividad en Pontevedra. Hasta este verano. Se están viendo ouxas hasta las zonas interiores de la ría, tan al este como Combarro y A Seca. En el sector recelan sobre todo de su impacto en los bancos de a flote de Brensa y Aguillóns, situados entre Tambo y la costa de Poio, pero en cuanto sube la marea las ouxas también están empezando a acosar los bancos de a pie que se inundan en la pleamar.

El águila marina utiliza sus aletas para remover la superficie de los bancos y así poder desenterrar la cría de almeja, que después de—17—

Opec Nº3 - Septiembre - 2024

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OBSERVATORIOpesquerocantábrico

Biología del águila marina

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—19—

Opec Nº3 - Septiembre - 2024

Tortugas bobas en la costa cantábrica

Redacción OPEC.

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OBSERVATORIOpesquerocantábrico

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Opec Nº3 - Septiembre - 2024

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OBSERVATORIOpesquerocantábrico

QN;KLOLOS BRN4HLIPOS IPFPS RKS 3)!

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OPEC, Nº3 - Septiembre - 2024

Un mé

el plás

La contamin les de nuest de plásticos toneladas d

OBSERVATORIOpesquerocantábrico

étodo para eliminar

stico de los océanos

Redacción OPEC.

nación por plásticos es uno de los mayores problemas ambientatro tiempo. A pesar de los esfuerzos por reducir la producción s de un solo uso y aumentar la tasa de reciclaje, millones de e plásticos todavía se vierten en los océanos cada año.

Opec Nº3 - Septiembre - 2024

“En el año 20 plástico que mares y o

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—26—

OBSERVATORIOpesquerocantábrico

50 habrá más peces en los océanos”

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Opec Nº3 - Septiembre - 2024

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Opec Nº3 - Septiembre - 2024

Los tiburones son imprescindibles 6OERILQKFRNHRDSKPOSJRSBMQNSHQA FQ2PDSMROGKHQNS@LHQKROSEQMQSKQ OSKHLTLRTMHROINPOTPJ4SMPO JRA CLJPSQSOGOS9;CLHPOSQKLFRNHQMLPOD ERMPSROH;NSRNSERKLBMPSJRSR+HLNIL:N

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—30—

OBSERVATORIOpesquerocantábrico

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“

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Opec Nº3 - Septiembre - 2024

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6KSEMPCKRFQSROS>GRSKQSQCGNJQNILQ JRSHLCGMPNROSJRSKQOSROERILROSPIR;A NLIQOSORT=STLROFKPGSLPTHMT#* "TRMTKPOT KIQGPOT)?TS,PO?S QOHQ RKSEGNHPSJRS>GRSKQOSEPCKQILPNRO JRSKQOSILNIPSROERILROSEMLNILEQKRO

—32—

OPeC Observat orio Pesquer o Cantábrico

Trabajamos sin ánimo de lucro por la divulgación de la realidad biológica y geológica del medio marino Cantábrico y Atlántico Noroeste.

Defendemos la pesca artesanal sostenible.

Opec Nº3 - Septiembre - 2024

—34—

OBSERVATORIOpesquerocantábrico

Ballenas en el Cantábrico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

—35—

Opec Nº3 - Septiembre - 2024

8KTJSOPTLRTKS DSKKRMSTASOJS

,QSCQKKRNQS=MQNIQSBKQILQKS% ( /! &/0+/1 &/$'/&'.&DSHG@PSHQNHQSLFEPMA HQNILQSRNSKQSRIPNPF8QSJRSKPO EGRCKPOSERO>GRMPOS@QOIPOS>GR KKRB:SQSIPNPIRMORSIPFPSKQSDSKKRMS LRTKPOTASOJPO?S/RSHMQHQSJRSGNQ ROERILRSJRSNQHGMQKR7QSFG<SJ:ILKD KPS>GRS9QS9RI9PS>GRS9Q<QSOLJP GNQSEMROQS=;ILKSEQMQSKPOS9GFQNPO? /GRKRSFQNHRNRMORSIRMIQSJRSKQ IPOHQS<SROSJRSFP@LFLRNHPOSKRNHPO RNSOGERM=LILR?S3JRF;ODSRMQSGNQSROA ERILRSFG<S@QKPMQJQSEPMSKPOSCQKKRA NRMPOSEPMSOGSQKHPSIPNHRNLJPSJR BMQOQ?S1MPJGILRNJPSQKHPOSMRNA

JLFLRNHPOSJRSQIRLHRSJRSCQKKRNQDSKQO CQKKRNQOS=MQNIQOS=GRMPNSGNQS@R7 PC5RHL@PSEMR=RMRNHRSEQMQSKPOSCQKKRA NRMPOSIQNH;CMLIPODSJROJRS@QOIPO 9QOHQSQOHGMLQNPO? 6NSKQSQIHGQKLJQJDSORSRNIGRNHMQN RNHMRSKQOSCQKKRNQOSF;OSQFRNQ7QA JQOSRNSRKSFGNJPDS<SROH;NSQIHGQKA FRNHRSEMPHRBLJQOSEPMS6OHQJPO NLJPODSKQS,R<SJRS6OERILROSRNS1RA KLBMPSJRS6+HLNIL:NS<SKQS,R<SJRS1MPA HRIIL:NSJRS(QF8=RMPOSFQMLNPO? 6OHQSROERILRSORSIQMQIHRML7QSEPMSOG IPKPMSGNL=PMFRSPOIGMPS<SIQKKPOLJQA JROSCKQNIQOS>GRSORSRNIGRNHMQNSRN <SQKMRJRJPMSJRSKQSIQCR7Q?S 6+LOHRNSQKMRJRJPMSJRS&??TR/RGE —36—

Opec Nº3 - Septiembre - 2024

FKSNRO RNSRKSPROHRSJRKS9IK;MIQJP 'PNIR?S6NSRKSROHRSJRKS3HK;NHLIP !PMHRS9Q<SGNQSEPCKQIL:NSFG<SROA IQOQDSKPOSILRNH8=LIPOSIMRRNS>GRS<Q EGRJRSROHQMS=GNILPNQKFRNHRSR+HLNHQ RNSROQS7PNQ? 3SFRNGJPDSROHQOSCQKKRNQOSI9PIQN IPNSRFCQMIQILPNROS<SORSRNMRJQN RNSMRJROSJRSEROIQDSOGOSJPOSFQ<PA MROSQFRNQ7QOSEQMQSKQSMRIGERMQA IL:NDS>GRSRNSIPN5GNHPSMREMRORNHQN IQOLSKQSFLHQJSJRSKQSFPMHQKLJQJSJR CQKKRNQOSRNSRKSROHRSJRKS3HK;NHLIP !PMHRSJROJRS' -? ,QSEMRORNILQSJRSKQSCQKKRNQSJRSKPO @QOIPOSRNSKQOSQBGQOSJRKS(QMS0QNA H;CMLIPSJPNNROFPMLRTJPMTKS 4FPJSTLRTFSNIPOT:TFRNQPLPTQME GRLQSISGRMIRTFPOIRNQPN0 )GA MQNHRSRKS@RMQNPSQOIRNJ8QNS9QILQSRK QHK;NHLIPS!PMHRDSOLBGLRNJPSKQSIPOHQ =MQNIROQS<SQHK;NHLIQSJRS MKQNJQDSEQA OQNJPSEPMSKQOSLOKQOS 4CMLJQODS9QILQ OKQNJLQS<S!PMGRBQSJPNJRSORSQKLA FRNHQN?

-INPOTJRI;JRPO

0QKJRMPNRO S,POSIQKJRMPNROSOPN HQFCL4NSKKQFQJPOSCQKKRNQOSELKPHPS< OPNSGNSB4NRMPSJRSIRH;IRPOSPJPNA HPIRHPOSJRSKQS=QFLKLQS)RKE9LNLJQR? 6OH;NS=PMFQJPOSEPMSJPOSROERILROD RKSIQKJRM:NSIPF.NS<SRKSIQKJRM:N HMPELIQKDS<SROSRKSIQKJRM:NSIPF.NSRK >GRSRNIPNHMQFPOSRNSQBGQOSJRK 0QNH;CMLIP?S PMIGQKSIPF.N S,QSHRFEPMQJQ EQMQS@RMSIRH;IRPOSRNSRKS0QNH;CMLIP @QSJRSQCMLKSQSNP@LRFCMR?S )RK=LNROSIPFGNRO S,QSEKQHQ=PMFQ IPNHLNRNHQKS=MRNHRSQSKQSIPOHQS@QOIQ ROSFG<SIPMHQ?S6NSEPIQOSFLKKQOSRK KRI9PSFQMLNPSORSJROEKPFQSF;OSJR *?---SFRHMPODS=PMFQNJPSKQS=POQSJR 0QECMRHPNDSGNSLNFRNOPSIQ2:NSOGA CQIG;HLIP?S6OSQ>G8SOPCMRSHPJP JPNJRSORSEGRJRNSQ@LOHQMSJRK=LNRO IPFGNRODSQGN>GRSEPJRFPOSHRNRM RNIGRNHMPOSIPNSRKKPOSQSKPSKQMBPSJR HPJQSKQSIPOHQSJRKS0QNH;CMLIP?S

Opec Nº3 - Septiembre - 2024

El olor del mar

¿A qué se debe? ,QSGSNRO<SDSRORSPKPMSIQMQIHRA M8OHLIPS>GRSRFQNQSJRKSPI4QNPD ROSQFEKLQFRNHRSMRIPNPILJPSEPM >GLRNROS@L@RNSIRMIQSJRSKQSIPOHQ? 6OHRS QMPFQS JLOHLNHL@PS MPT RO OQGFKRGRMIRTHMSTGR5JKSTLR SQNRT OSKSLP S OGS PMLBRNS RO FGI9PSF;OSIPFEKR5P?S %STJPGDQMSJQ@MTFNRJQOSTLRTS5HE CNR>T CRNPGPMSOT OR1HSKROT LR SKBSOT :T DNPGPCRMPKT FSNST JNRSN ROIRT FRNCHGRT MSIHNSK?S 6OS =QOILA NQNHRSIPNOLJRMQMS>GRSKPS>GRSERMILA CLFPOSIPFPSRKS$PKPMSQSFQM$SROTRM NRSKQLSLT HMST QMIRNSJJQ@MT .H<E GQJSTROFRJ<CQJST.HRTLRDRTLSNOR RMTJSMIQLSLROTR1SJISO EQMQSEMPA JGILMSRORSQMPFQSHQNS=QFLKLQM?

8KTFSFRKTLRTKSOTSKBSO

8KT SBHST OSKSLST FPNT O<T OPKST MP IQRMRTPKPN?S6OHRS9RI9PDS>GRSORSNPO RNOR2:SRNSKQSROIGRKQSIPNSKQOSIQMQIA HRM8OHLIQOSJRKSQBGQSIPFPSLNIPKPMQD LNO8ELJQS RS LNPJPMQDS ORS IPN=LMFQ IGQNJPSR+QFLNQFPOSRKSPMLBRNSJRK PKPMSQSFQM? 6OHRSQMPFQSEMP@LRNRSRNSMRQKLJQJSJR KQSJROIPFEPOLIL:NSJRSILRMHQOSQKBQO <SEKQNIHPNDSQO8SIPFPSJRSKQOS=RMPFPA NQOS>GRSKQOSQKBQOSKLCRMQNSJGMQNHRSOG MREMPJGIIL:N?S 6OERI8=LIQFRNHRDS RK QKBQS <SOGSIPFA EGROHPSLQGRIQKTOHKCHNPT%)(/&S5GRA BQNS GNS EQERKS =GNJQFRNHQKS RNS KQ IMRQIL:NSJRSROHRSPKPM?

—40—

OBSERVATORIOpesquerocantábrico

8KTLQGRIQKTOHKCHNP

6KSJLFRHLKSOGK=GMP %)(/&SROSGNSIPFA EGROHPSJRSQ7G=MRSRORMJQSKTFSNSTKS GSNRO<S?S/GSPMLBRNSORS@LNIGKQSQSKQ RM5QGST 9KGS*DS >GRS QIH.QS IPFP GNQSOR2QKSCLPK:BLIQSEQMQSPHMPOSPMBQA NLOFPOSFQMLNPODSQKRMH;NJPKPOSOPCMR KQSEMRORNILQSJRSQKLFRNHPDSLN=RIILPA NROS@LMQKROSPSRKSILIKPSMREMPJGIHL@P? 8KT 26TROTFSNIQJHKSNGRMIRTMPE ISDKRT LHNSMIRT KST GSNRST DS/SD IGQNJPSOGSIPNIRNHMQIL:NSQGFRNHQ JRCLJPSQSKQSQIIL:NSJRSKQOS=RMPFPNQO OR+GQKROS JRS KQOS QKBQODS IPNPILJQO

IPFPSRJIPJSNFRMP?S6OHQSLNHRMQIA IL:NSEPHRNILQSRKSQMPFQSIQMQIHRM8OA HLIPSJRKSFQM? 3JRF;OSJRSIPNHMLCGLMSQKSQMPFQSJRK FQMDSRKSJLFRHLKSOGK=GMPS5GRBQSGNSEQERK IMGILQKSRNSRKSJQJKPTLRKTS5HCNRDS>GR ROSAQISKTFSNSTKSTROISDQKQLSLTLRTKPO PJ4SMPOT :T KST CPNGSJQ@MT LR MHDRO?S6KSPKPMSQS)(/SHQFCL4NSOLM@R IPFPS GNS MRIKQFPS NQHGMQKS EQMQ ERIROS<SQ@ROSRNSCGOIQSJRSIPFLJQD OR2QKQNJPSKQSQCGNJQNILQSJRSMRIGMA OPOSQKLFRNHLILPOSRNSKQS7PNQ?S1PMSKP HQNHPDSJHSMLPTPKRGPOTRKTGSN>TROE —41—

Opec Nº3 - Septiembre - 2024

“ La próxima vez que inhales profundamente el aire costero, recuerda que estás participando en una antigua conversación entre las criaturas del mar

ISGPOT R1FRNQGRMISMLPT HMS OR,SKTRJPK@BQJS >GRSLNJLIQSKQSEMRA ORNILQSJRS@LJQS<SKQSLNHRMQIIL:NSIPNOA HQNHRS RNHMRS JL@RMOPOS PMBQNLOFPO FQMLNPO?

'SIHNSKR5ST QMIRNJPMRJISLS

6KS PKPMS QS FQMS ROS FGI9PS F;OS >GR GNQSOLFEKRS=MQBQNILQSQBMQJQCKR SRO HMST GSMQCROISJQ@MT LRT KST JPGE FKR/STNRLTLRTQMIRNSJJQPMROTDQPK@E BQJSOT:T.H<GQJSOTRMTRKTPJ4SMP? )ROJRSKQSJROIPFEPOLIL:NSJRSQKBQO 9QOHQSKQSOR2QKL7QIL:NSCLPK:BLIQ

QS HMQ@4OS JRKS )(/DS IQJQS IPFEPA NRNHRS5GRBQSGNSEQERKSRNSFQNHRNRM RKSR>GLKLCMLPSJRKSRIPOLOHRFQSFQMLNP? 6OHRSQMPFQSQIH.QSIPFPSGNSEGRNHR RNHMRS KQOS ROERILRODS IPNRIHQNJPS Q KPOSPMBQNLOFPOSFQMLNPOSIPNSOGSRNA HPMNPS<SIPNSPHMPOSORMROS@L@PODSLNIKGLA JPOSNPOPHMPOSFLOFPO?S,QSEM:+LFQ @R7S>GRSLN9QKROSEMP=GNJQFRNHRSRK QLMRS IPOHRMPDS MRIGRMJQS >GRS ROI;O FSNIQJQFSMLPT RMT HMST SMIQBHS JPMARNOSJQ@MTRMINRTKSOTJNQSIHNSO LRKTGSN0 (0+*0 1 /+)/&1 /+)-% —42—

Opec Nº3 - Septiembre - 2024

¿Dónde está el “calamar de po Redacción OPEC.

El calamar es un cefalópodo marino perteneciente al orden Teuthida, conocido por su cuerpo alargado, tentáculos largos y estructura ósea interna llamada pluma.

Estas criaturas son conocidas por su agilidad y velocidad en el agua, así como por su capacidad para cambiar rápidamente de color y textura para camuflarse y protegerse de los depredadores.

—44—

OBSERVATORIOMARINOESPAÑOL

otera”?

—45—

Opec Nº3 - Septiembre - 2024

3RNPT=S:TFPJPTJSKSGSNTLRTFPE IRNSTROIRTS,P>TSTISKTFHMIPT.HR> RMT9OIHNQSO>TFPNTR/RGFKP>TOR LRJQLQ@TNRINSOSNTRKTJPGQRM5PTLR KSTJSGFS,ST=SOISTCQMSKROTLR SBPOIP0 ,QSOLHGQIL:NSROSOLFLKQMSRNSHPJQSKQ IPOHQSQOHGMLQNQ?S6NSRKSPIILJRNHR QKBGNQOSRFCQMIQILPNROSEMP=ROLPA NQKROSJRJLIQJQOSQSKQSEROIQSJR ROHRSFPKGOIPSORS9QNS@LOHPSPCKLBQA JQOSQSIQFCLQMSJRSQIHL@LJQJSEPM>GR QERNQOS9Q<SIQKQFQMSJRSEPHRMQSRN RKSFQM?

3SEMLNILELPOSJRS5GNLPSO8S>GRS9QC8Q IQEHGMQOSMREMRORNHQHL@QOS<SORSRFA ER7:SQSEROIQMSFG<SCLRN?S/LNSRFA CQMBPDSKQSIPOQSIQFCL:SEPIPSF;O HQMJR?

3POQDKROTNS5PMRO

1QMRIRS>GRSKQSR+EKPHQIL:NSROSLBGQK >GRSOLRFEMRDS<SEPMSHQNHPSNPSOR EGRJRS9QCKQMSJRSOPCMRR+EKPHQIL:ND ORB.NSQEGNHQNSJROJRSKQS RLRNSE JQ@MTLRT7PCNSL<SOTLRT3ROJSLPE NROTLRT9OIHNQSO?

OBSERVATORIOpesquerocantábrico

NQSJRSKQOS9LE:HROLOS>GRSORSFQNRA 5QNSROSKQSQCGNJQNILQSJR SI MTNP/P RNSKQOSIPOHQOSIQNH;CMLIQO?S6OHRSH.A NLJPDS% (++(.1* ++(.&SROSGNSHMRA FRNJPSJREMRJQJPMDS<SOGS@PMQILJQJ KRSKKR@QSQSIPFRMSEM;IHLIQFRNHRSJR HPJPSKPS>GRSORSFGR@Q?SS)RS9RI9PD

ORSKRSMROEPNOQCLKL7QSJRSQ=RIHQMSQ PHMQOSERO>GRM8QOSIPFPSKQSJRSKQ +QMJQDSOPCMRSKQS>GRSHQFCL4NSJRA EMRJQSQSOGSBGOHPDS9QILRNJPS>GRSRK ROI:FCMLJPSR@LHRSKQSOGERM=LILRS<SOR FGROHMRS9GLJL7P? —47—

Opec Nº3 - Septiembre - 2024

PERSONAJES

Carmen Aldecoa La primera en el IEO

Nacida en turón de Mieres, el 10 de diciembre de 1897Madrid, y falleció en 1988. trabajó como oceanógrafa y profesora universitaria de literatura. Fue la pri-

mera científica que contrató el Instituto Español de Oceanografía.

0GMO:SRKSDSJ=QKKRNSIPTRMT-AQRLP <SOGOSROHGJLPOSJRS0LRNILQOS!QHGMQA —48—

OBSERVATORIOpesquerocantábrico

KROSRNSKQS+MQARNOQLSLT7RMINSKTLR 2SLNQL?S0PFRN7:SOGOSROHGJLPO JRS(RJLILNQSRNS' ' DSERMPSQSFLHQJ JRSIGMOPSEQO:SQS0LRNILQOS!QHGMQA KRO?S6NSOGSIKQORS.NLIQFRNHRS9QC8Q HMROSFG5RMRODS>GRS5GNHPSQKSIGMQD >GRSHQFCL4NSROHGJLQCQSRNSROQ QGKQDSORSORNHQCQNSQEQMHR?S RILCLRA MPNSFGROHMQOSJRSJROEMRILPSHQNHP EPMSQKBGNPOSIPFEQ2RMPODS>GRSKKQA FQCQNSQKSBMGEPS$KST5PMSTLRTKSO CSKLSO$DSIPFPSEPMSEMP=ROPMRO?S0PA NPIL:SQKSIQHRJM;HLIPS-L@MT HRM> CHMLSLPNTLRKT$MOIQIHIPT8OFS,PK LRT-JRSMPBNSC<ST $8-&DSEMPFPHPM JRSKQSLNIPMEPMQIL:NSJRSKQSFG5RMSRN RKS;FCLHPSILRNH8=LIPDS>GRS=GRS>GLRN IPNHMQH:SQS0QMFRN? 6NS' ' SIPFRN7:SQSHMQCQ5QMDSOLA FGKH;NRQFRNHRSIPNSKPOSROHGJLPOD RNSRKS NOHLHGHPS6OEQ2PKSJRS IRQNPA BMQ=8QS<SJGMQNHRSRORS@RMQNPSMRILCL: GNQSCRIQSEQMQSLN@ROHLBQMSRNSRKS%SE DPNSIPNQPTLRT6SMISMLRNTLRKT$8-? ,QSEMRNOQSMRIPBL:SOGSEQMHLILEQIL:N IGQNJPDS5GNHPSIPNSPHMQSIPFEQA 2RMQDS=GRSRNIQMBQJQSJRSIPNORM@QM KQSIQCR7QS<SROHGJLQMSKQOS@8OIRMQO JRSGNSHLCGM:NSIQEHGMQJPSIRMIQSJR

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—49—

Opec Nº3 - Septiembre - 2024

EQMHLILE:SRNS9OPJQSJQ@MTLRT2HE /RNROT+MQARNOQISNQSO EMROLJLJQ EPMS7KSNST7SGFPSGPN? 3KSIPFRN7QMSKQS"GRMMQS0L@LKDSRN ' DSKQSJROHLNQMPNSQKS0PKRBLP 0;NHQCMPSJRS/QNHQNJRMS>GRSORSGHLA KL7:SIPFPSMR=GBLPSJRSNL2QOS<SNL2PO IG<POSEQJMROSORSRNIPNHMQCQNSRN RKS=MRNHR?S3KK8SIPNPIL:SQKS>GRSKGRBP ORM8QSOGSFQMLJPDS RO.OS"PN7;KR7 (QKPDSPCMRMPSEPMHGQMLPS<SEMROLA JRNHRSJRKS6QMLQJSIPTLRT NSDS/SE LPNROTLRKT2HRKKRTLRT6SMISMLRN?

%ST HRNNST:TRKTR1QKQP

3KS=LNQKL7QMSKQSBGRMMQS9G<:SIPNSOG FQMLJPSQS MQNILQDSJPNJRSROHG@LRA MPNSRNSGNSIQFEPSJRSIPNIRNHMQA IL:N?S)RSQ>G8S=GRMPNSQS0GCQS<SEPM =LNSQS6OHQJPOS NLJPODSJPNJRSR5RMA IL:SJRSEMP=ROPMQSRNSJL@RMOQOSGNLA @RMOLJQJROS9QOHQSIPNORBGLMSGN EGROHPSJRSEMP=ROPMQSJRSROEQ2PKS< IL@LKL7QIL:NSROEQ2PKQSRNSKQS+MQARNE OQLSLTLRT'HRAST PN(?

(LRNHMQOSHQNHPSORSJRJLI:SLNHRNOQA FRNHRSQSKQSKGI9QSIPNHMQSKQSJLIHQA JGMQSJRS MQNIPSJROJRSRKSR+LKLP

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

—50—

Opec Nº3 - Septiembre - 2024

Acuicultura: Almejas en Villaviciosa )RCLJPSQSKQOSIPNJLILPNROSOQNLHQA MLQOSJRSKQSM8QSJRS LKKQ@LILPOQDSRNS3OA HGMLQODSRKSFQMLO>GRPS9QSROHQJP @RHQJPS9QOHQSQ9PMQ? )ROJRS9QIRSHMROSQ2PODSKQSRFEMROQ 96 9T9JHQJHKIHNS FQNR5QSGN EMP<RIHPSEQMQSRKSIGKHL@PSJRSQKFR5QO RNSROHQOSQBGQO?S/RSHMQHQSJRSGNQ LNLILQHL@QSOGMBLJQS9QIRSHMROSQ2PO IPFPSMROGKHQJPSJRSGNSIGMOPSJR QIGLIGKHGMQSLFEQMHLJPSEPMSRKS1MLNILA EQJPSJRS3OHGMLQO?S

RNSROERILQKSKQOSMRKQHL@QOSQSKQSFNRE ORNASJQ@MTLRKTGRLQPTSGDQRMIR? ,POSEKQNROSJRSBROHL:NSJRSKQS RA ORM@QSOLRFEMRS9QNSIPNOLJRMQJP >GRSROHQSQIHL@LJQJSROSIPFEQHLCKR IPNSKQSEMRORM@QIL:NSJRSKPOS@QKPMRO NQHGMQKROSJRSKQSM8Q?S6OSLFEPMHQNHR MRIQKIQMS>GRSKSTFSNJRKSTSTJHKIQASN ROTGH:TFR.HR,SDSILRNS@RIRO FRNPMS>GRSKPOS* -D---SF S>GR PIGEQNSKPOSIGKHL@POSJRSPOHMQOSRNSKQ

,QS@LNIGKQIL:NSJRSKPOSOPILPOSIPNSKQ M8QS>GRJQS=GRMQSJRSHPJQSJGJQD JQJPS>GRSOPNSMROERIHL@QFRNHRSGN QNHLBGPSFQMLOIQJPMDS<SRKS9L5PSJR PHMPSFQMLOIQJPM? )ROJRSFQM7PSJRS*-*'DSKPOSEMPFPA HPMROSJLIRNS9QCRMSORBGLJPSGNSEMPA IROPSQJFLNLOHMQHL@P R+HMRFQJQFRNHRSMLBGMPOPSEQMQSPCA HRNRMSKQSQGHPML7QIL:NDSIGFEKLRNJP HPJQOSKQOSNPMFQHL@QOSR+LBLJQOD —52—

M8QSJRKS6P?S3JRF;ODSOGSGCLIQIL:N ORS9QSIPNORNOGQJPSIPNSKPOSH4INLA IPOSJRSKQS0PNOR5RM8QSJRS1ROIQD EMRILOQFRNHRSEQMQS>GRSNPSQ=RIHQMQ QSKPOSFQMLOIQJPMRODSR@LHQNJPSKPO CQNIPOSNQHGMQKROSJRSSKGR/SO>TMSE AS/SOT:T1PNN@M? 1RMPDSORB.NSKPOSEMPFPHPMRODSRK 1MLNILEQJPSKKR@QSF;OSJRSGNSQ2P JROQHRNJLRNJPSKQOSMRERHLJQOSOPKLILA HGJROS>GRSORS9QNS9RI9PSEQMQS>GR IPN@PIQMQSQKS PNPTLRT3SNIQJQFSE JQ@MTLRTKST <S?

96 9T9JHQJHKIHNS KQFRNHQSKQSQMA HL=LILQKSEPK4FLIQSBRNRMQJQSRNSHPMNP QSGNSEMP<RIHPS>GRSNPSOPKPSCGOIQ MR@LHQKL7QMSKQSRIPNPF8QSKPIQKSFRA JLQNHRSKQSMRIGERMQIL:NSJRSGNQSQIHLA @LJQJSIPNSF;OSJRS')?TS,POTLR =QOIPNQSDSIPFPSROSRKSIGKHL@PSJR FPKGOIPODSOLNPS>GRSHQFCL4NSEQMQ @LOLCLKL7QMSKPOSEMPCKRFQOSERNJLRNA HROSRNSKQSM8QDS>GRS@QSIQFLNPSJR IGFEKLMSHMRIRSQ2POSIRMMQJQSQKSFQA MLO>GRPDSEPNLRNJPSJRSMRKLR@RSKQSNRA IROLJQJSGMBRNHRSJRSIPFEKRHQMSOG OQNRQFLRNHP? —53—

Opec Nº3 - Septiembre - 2024

SALPAS ¿Qué son?

3SEROQMSJRSKPS>GRSQKBGNPOSEPJM8QN ERNOQMDSNPSORSHMQHQSNLSJRSGNSER7DSNL JRSGNQSFRJGOQDSNLSFGI9PSFRNPOD JRSGNSEK;OHLIP?S6OSGNSIHMQJSLPDSRO JRILMDSGNSQNLFQKSJRSQOERIHPSBRKQHLA NPOPSMPJRQJPSEPMSGNQSFRFCMQNQ PSH.NLIQ?S 3GN>GRSHQFCL4NSIPNPILJQSIPFP 2SBBQPNRTOSKFSDSORSHMQHQSJRSGN PMBQNLOFPSFQMLNPSERMHRNRILRNHRSQ KQS=QFLKLQS =SKQSJRS?S/PNSQNLFQKRO HMQNOEQMRNHRODSIPNSIGRMEPS=GOLA =PMFRDS<SORSJROEKQ7QNSEPMSRK PI4QNPSFRJLQNHRSIPNHMQIILPNRO FGOIGKQMROS>GRSCPFCRQNSQBGQ? 6OSJRCLJPSQSOGSQOERIHPS<SQSOGSFPA @LFLRNHPSRNSRKSQBGQS>GRDSRNSPIQA OLPNRODSOPNSIPN=GNJLJQOSIPNSKQO FRJGOQODSERMPSNQJQSF;OSKR5POSJR KQSMRQKLJQJ?S

(LJRNSRNHMRS*T:T*?TJRMI<GRINPO LRTKSNBP> QGN>GRSEGRJRNSRNIPNA HMQMORSR5RFEKQMROSF;OSBMQNJRO? 1GRJRNS@L@LMSHQNHPSJRSFQNRMQSOPKLA HQMLQSIPFPSRNSIPKPNLQODSJPNJRS@QA —54—

OBSERVATORIOpesquerocantábrico

MLPOSLNJL@LJGPOSORSQBMGEQNSCPNE GSMLPTJSLRMSO >GRSQKIQN7QN @QMLPOSFRHMPOSJRSKPNBLHGJ?S

RNSIPNORIGRNILQDSSDOPNDQRMLP BNSMLROTJSMIQLSLROTLRTJSNE DPMP?S

3JRF;ODSOPNS=RNGSCNPLQISODSKP >GRSOLBNL=LIQS>GRSEPORRNSQFCPO :MBQNPOSMREMPJGIHL@POSQKSFLOFP HLRFEPDSFQOIGKLNPS<S=RFRNLNP? QFCL4NSEMRORNHRSRNSROERILRO IPFPSKQSROHMRKKQSJRSFQMDSORSHMQHQ JRSGNQSIQMQIHRM8OHLIQS>GRS=QILKLHQ OGSMREMPJGIIL:NS<SERMFLHRS>GRSKQO IPKPNLQOSIMR7IQNSM;ELJQFRNHR?S

)GMQNHRSRKSJ8QDSKQOSOQKEQOSORSJROA EKQ7QNSQSJL=RMRNHROSEMP=GNJLJQJRO RNSCGOIQSJRSQKLFRNHPDSERMPSRO 5GOHPSIPNSKSTFHROISTLRKTOPK IGQNJPS=PMFQNSJRNOQOSIPKPNLQOS< ORS@GRK@RNSQGH4NHLIQOS G;.HQMSO LRTKQGFQR5STLRKTSQNR0

3HNQCQJSLPNSOTLRTSQNR

/GSQOERIHPSNPSROSKPS.NLIPS>GR KKQFQSKQSQHRNIL:N?S LRNRSGNSEQERK =GNJQFRNHQKSRNSKQ JSFIHNSTLR LQ@1QLPTLRTJSNDPMPDS<SKPS9QIRSQ HMQ@4OSJRSOGSQKLFRNHQIL:N?S,QOSOQKA EQOSORSNGHMRNSJRSCQIPFKSMJIPMDSJLA FLNGHPOSPMBQNLOFPOS=PHPOLNH4HLIPO >GRS=KPHQNSRNSKQSIPKGFNQSJRSQBGQ <S>GRSOPNSRORNILQKROSEQMQSKQSIQA JRNQSQKLFRNHQMLQSFQMLNQ?S 6OHPOSER>GR2POSQNLFQKRO NRSKQ5SM KSTCPIPO<MIROQODSJRSROHQSFQNRMQD KSOTOSKFSOTCQKINSMTRKTSBHSTFSNS SKQGRMISNORDSIQEHGMQNJPSRNPMA FROSIQNHLJQJROSJRS=LHPEKQNIHPNS<D

/PNSIQEQIROSJRS=LKHMQMSBMQNJROS@PA K.FRNROSJRSQBGQDSIQEHGMQNJP 9QOHQS&0???TIPMRKSLSOTLRT7- RNSGNQSOPKQSNPI9R?S NSEMPIROP IPNPILJPSIPFPS DPGDSTDQPK@E BQJSTLRTJSNDPMP SQSHMQ@4OSJRK IGQKSKQOSOQKEQOSLNBLRMRNSROHQSOGOA HQNILQS>GRSORSIPN@LRMHRSRNSEQMHR JRSOGSCLPFQOQS<SRNSEQMH8IGKQO JRNOQOS>GRSORS9GNJRNSM;ELJQA FRNHRS9QILQSRKS=PNJPSJRSKPOSPI4QA NPODSQKR5QNJPSQO8SRKSJL:+LJPSJR IQMCPNPSJRSKQSQHF:O=RMQS<SQKFQIRA N;NJPKPSRNSKQOSEMP=GNJLJQJROSJGA MQNHRSKQMBPOSERM8PJPO?S 3JRF;ODSQKS=LKHMQMSLFEPMHQNHROSIQNA HLJQJROSJRS=LHPEKQNIHPNDSKQOSOQKEQO Q<GJQNSQSFQNHRNRMSILRMHPSR>GLKLA CMLPSRNSKQSEPCKQIL:NSJRSROHPOSFLA

—55—

Opec Nº3 - Septiembre - 2024

IMPPMBQNLOFPODSR@LHQNJPSKQSEMPKL=RA MQIL:NSR+IROL@QS>GRSEPJM8QSKKR@QMSQ KQSRHINPCQ5SJQ@MDSLNIMRFRNHQNJP KQOS7PNQOSFGRMHQOSRNSKPOSPI4QNPO EPMS=QKHQSJRSP+8BRNP?S

%KRBSLSTGSOQAST STKSOTJPOISOTJSMI;DNQJSO

3SEROQMSJRS>GRSROHQOSIMLQHGMQOSOR RNIGRNHMQNS9QCLHGQKFRNHRSRNSKQO SBHSOTCN<SOT:TFNPCHMLSO JRK PI4QNPS3HK;NHLIPS<SJRKSFQMS(RJLHRA MM;NRPDS9QNSOLJPSQ@LOHQJQOSRNSKQO IPOHQOSQNJQKG7QOSJRS(;KQBQS< "MQNQJQ?S 1PMS>G4 /RSJRCRSQSLPOTCSJIPNRODSRNSEMLA FRMSKGBQMDSRKSJSGDQPTJKQG;IQJP> <QS>GRSRKSQGFRNHPSJRSKQSHRFERMQA HGMQSJRKSQBGQSIGRNHQSIPNSKQSIQEQA ILJQJSJRSQKHRMQMSKQOSIPMMLRNHRO

PIR;NLIQOS<SKPOSEQHMPNROSJRSFGA I9QOSROERILROSFQMLNQODSRNHMRSRKKQOD KQOSOQKEQO?S)RSROHQS=PMFQDSQSFRA JLJQS>GRSRKSQBGQSORSIQKLRNHQDSROHPO QNLFQKROSFLBMQNSQSNGR@QOS;MRQO RNSCGOIQSJRSIPNJLILPNROSF;OS=QA @PMQCKRO?S 1PMSPHMPSKQJPDSKQSLQOFPMQDQKQLSL LRTSKQGRMIPTROSPHMQSIGROHL:N IKQ@RDSEGROSKQSEMPKL=RMQIL:NSJRS=LHPA EKQNIHPNSRNSILRMHQOS;MRQOSIPOHRMQO EGRJRSQHMQRMSQSROHQOSROERILROS< OPNSEMRILOQFRNHRSKQOSIPNJLILPNRO ROERI8=LIQOSJRKSFQMSJRS3KCPM;NDSKQ EQMHRSJRKS(RJLHRMM;NRPS>GRSCQ2Q KQOSIPOQOSJRKSROHRSQNJQKG7DS>GRSOR EPJM8QS9QCRMSIMRQJPSGNSQFCLRNHR EMPELILPSEQMQSKQSEMPKL=RMQIL:NSJR ROHQOSIPKPNLQO?

—56—

MAR CAN

NTÁBRICO

OBSERVATORIOpesquerocantábrico

El arrastre

y las aves marinas Eliseo Madrid.

Las aves marinas se encuentran entre las criaturas más amenazadas del mundo. Según algunos estudios, varios cientos de miles de aves marinas mueren cada año en todo el mundo a causa de dos de los tres tipos principales de artes de pesca: redes de enmalle, palangres y arrastre.

6NS6GMPEQSFGRMRNSIQJQSQ2PSGNQO ??0???TSARO QHMQEQJQOSRNSQMHRO JRS EROIQ?S ,POS EQKQNBMROS FQHQN IQJQSQ2PSQSIRMIQSJRS*??0???TSKDSE INPODSERMPS9QOHQSQ9PMQSORSJROIPNPA I8QSRNSBMQNSFRJLJQSRKSQKIQNIRSJRSKQ

FPMHQKLJQJSFGNJLQKSRNSKQOSERO>GRA M8QOSJRSQMMQOHMR?S PJPSROHPSORB.NSGN NGR@PSROHGJLPSEGCKLIQJPSRNSKQSMRA @LOHQS QPKPBQJSKT7PMORNASIQPM ?S6K R>GLEPSJRS NQIQO=T9MISNJIQJT6HNE AR:T% 3/&S<SKQS P:SKT6PJQRI:TCPN I=RT 3NPIRJIQPMT PCT QNLO % /1 & IPFCLN:SKPOSHPHQKROSJRSIQEHGMQSLNA ILJRNHQKSEPMSLFEQIHPOSIPNSIQCKROS< IQEHGMQOSIPNSMRJROSJRS* SERO>GRA M8QOSJRSQMMQOHMRSFPNLHPMRQJQOS<SJROA IGCML:S>GRSQKSFRNPOS ?---SQ@RO FQMLNQOSFGRMRNSIQJQSQ2P? 6KS QGHPMS EMLNILEQKDS RKS EMP=ROPMS QE J=SNLT 3=QKKQFODS RI:KPBPS JRS Q@RO FQMLNQOSJRKS MLHLO9S3NHQMIHLIS/GM@R<D Q=LMFQ S$ 01*,/*/1)01(+/10.*/) .*'$/ /.-% ,-./ 1 (0.*,-.1 /&&/ -.

—61—

Opec Nº3 - Septiembre - 2024

%(0.*,/+1 "(01 1 #0."(0, /.1 )0 /,,/.*,01$/#*(,/+1$'0+*-.1)01/ 0. .'0*01 #0."(0, /.1 $/#*(,/+1 %'&0.1 (+/1#0."(0, /1$/#*(,/1)0$0+/.1)0 %'&0.1)01/ 0.1/&1/ - ? $ /1$/#*(,/1'+$')0+*/&1*-*/&1)01*-)/. &/.1 #0."(0, /.1 %-+'*-,0/)/.1 /.! $'0+)01/1/&,0)0)-,1)01 1/ 0. #-,1/ - 1#0,-1$-%-1%($ /.1#0.! "(0, /.1 +-1 0.* +1 %-+'*-,0/)/.1 0.* +1%/&1%-+'*-,0/)/. 1&/1%-,*/&'! )/)1 &- /&1,0/&10+1&/.1#0."(0, /.1)0 /,,/.*,01.0, 1%($ -1%/ -,$?

%POTG;OTJSFIHNSLPO

,QOSROERILROSF;OSIQEHGMQJQOSLNILA JRNHQKFRNHRS=GRMPNSKPOSRFCKRF;HLA IPOSQKCQHMPOS<SKPOSBMQNJROSERHMRKROD FGI9POSJRSKPOSIGQKROSROH;NSQFRA NQ7QJPODSRNSRKS9RFLO=RMLPSOGMDS<SKPO QKIQHMQIROSRNSRKS9RFLO=RMLPSNPMHR?

3PNTRKTDHRMTJSGQMP

NSER>GR2PSN.FRMPSJRSROHGJLPOSLNA JLIQNS>GRSKQOSGRLQLSOTLRTGQIQBSE JQ@M> RNS EQMHLIGKQMS KQS BROHL:N ROHMQH4BLIQSJRSKPOSJROEP5POS%RNSEQMA HLIGKQMDSR@LHQNJPSRKSJROIQMHRSJRSJRA

—64—

OBSERVATORIOpesquerocantábrico

ORI9POSJRSEROIQJPS<SIQEHGMQOSNP JRORQJQOS JGMQNHRS KQS EROIQS JR QMMQOHMR&S<SKQOSK8NRQOSROEQNHQE;5QMPOD NRLHJRMT RCQJS5GRMIRT KSOT ISOSO LRTJSFIHNSTQMJQLRMISK0 /RB.NS-KQT SIRODSIPQGHPMS<SRIPKPA BLOHQSJRSQ@ROSJRSKQS /1 DSQ=LMFQ $ /1.-&($' +1/1&/, -1#&/ -1#/,/10.*0 '%#/$*-1)0 /.*/)-,1*'0+01"(01.0, (+1 )'.0 -1 )01 ("(0.1 #0."(0,-. % .1'++- /)-,0.1#/,/1 0.*'-+/,10 '! $/ %0+*01 &-.1 )0.$/,*0. 1 #0,-1 / $-,*-1#&/ -1+0$0.'*/%-.1 0,1"(01&/.

0%#,0./.1.01$-%#,-%0*/+1/1/)-#! */,1, #')/%0+*01%0)')/.1.'%#&0.

0$-+ %'$/.1 1/&*/%0+*010 0$*' /. $-%-1 &/.1 & +0/.1 0.#/+*/# /,-. $-%-1 /1)0 '0+)0+1(+1#0"(0 -1+ ! %0,-1)01#0."(0, /.1,0.#-+./ &0.$? /RSMR>GLRMRNSFRJLJQOSGMBRNHRO?S6O RORNILQKSFR5PMQMSKQSMRBKQFRNHQIL:ND OGERM@LOQMSMLBGMPOQFRNHRSRKSIGFEKLA FLRNHPSJRSKQOSNPMFQOS<SR@QKGQMSIPN EMRILOL:NSKQOSHQOQOSJRSIQEHGMQSLNILA JRNHQKSEQMQSR@LHQMS>GRSKQSEROIQSJR QMMQOHMRSOLBQSJLR7FQNJPSKQOSEPCKQA

—65—

Opec Nº3 - Septiembre - 2024

“%POTSKDSINPO FHRLRMTNRJPNNRN =SOIST*0 ??

(QK@GRINPOTSKTL<ST RMTDHOJSTLR SKQGRMIPU ILPNROS@GKNRMQCKROSJRSQ@ROSFQMLNQOD OR2QKQNSKPOSQGHPMROSJRKSROHGJLP?

%SOTGRLQLSO LRTGQIQBSJQ@M

,POS LN@ROHLBQJPMROS MQOHMRQMPNS RNA HPNIROSKPOSFP@LFLRNHPOSJRSQKCQHMPO RMMQNHROSGHLKL7QNJPSJLOEPOLHL@POSJR NSLSNE 36 EQMQSROHGJLQMSOGOSLNHRA MQIILPNROSIPNSKPOSCQMIPOSERO>GRA MPO?S 3KS IPFEQMQMS KPOS FP@LFLRNHPO JRSKQOSQ@ROSIPNSKQOSGCLIQILPNROSJR KPOS ERO>GRMPODS JROIGCMLRMPNS >GRD LRT KSOT )*T SAROT NSOINRSLSO>T RK ))"TORTSJRNJ@TSTGRMPOTLRT !?

(QK@GRINPOT LRT HMT DSNJPT FROE .HRNPT:TRKT&!"TSTGRMPOTLRT)T(QE

K@GRINPO? ,QSIQEHGMQSLNILJRNHQKSROSGNSMLROBP EQMQS FGI9QOS Q@ROS FQMLNQODS ERMP KPOSQKCQHMPODS>GRSCGOIQNSIPFLJQSJR FQNRMQS PEPMHGNLOHQDS IPMMRNS GN MLROBPSROERILQK?S/RSOLRNHRNSQHMQ8JPO EPMSRKSIRCPDSKQOSIQEHGMQOSNPSJRORQA JQOS<SKPOSJROIQMHRODS>GRSLFLHQNSOGO =GRNHROSNQHGMQKROSJRSQKLFRNHPDSERMP >GRJQNSQHMQEQJPOSRNSKPOSQN7GRKPO IRCQJPOSIPKPIQJPOSEPMSKPOSEQKQNA BMRMPOSPSI9PIQNSIPNSKPOSIQCKROSJR KPOSQMMQOHMRMPO? 6OHQOSLNHRMQIILPNROSOPNSKQSEMLNILEQK QFRNQ7QSEQMQSKQSFQ<PM8QSJRSKQOSROA ERILROSJRSQKCQHMPOS<SORSROHLFQS>GR '--?---SQKCQHMPOSFGRMRNSIQJQSQ2P OPKPSEPMSKPOSR>GLEPOSJRSEROIQSIPN EQKQNBMR? 6NSKPOS.KHLFPOSQ2PODSORS9QNSJROQA MMPKKQJPS@QMLQOSFRJLJQOSJRSFLHLBQA IL:NS JRS KQS IQEHGMQS LNILJRNHQK?S /LN RFCQMBPDSKPOTSKDSINPOTFHRLRMTNRE JPNNRNT=SOIST*0 ??T(QK@GRINPOTSK L<STRMTDHOJSTLRTSKQGRMIPDSEPMSKP >GRSLNR@LHQCKRFRNHRSORSHPEQNSIPN ERO>GRM8QOS>GRSNPSGHLKL7QNSNLNBGNQ FRJLJQSJRSFLHLBQIL:N?

—66—