mayjunpreview1972

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THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

26

ll I know about Earl Butz, President Nixon's Secretary of Agriculture, is what I read in the papers.

"Butz Says Consumers Have Driven Food Prices Up" " "Butz Accuses Environmentalists of Wanting to Starve Millions of Americans" "America Is on Emotional, Environmental "Binge," says Butz.

Industry trade associations employ what could be called "hatchet men" persons with scientific credentiais "who lead the attack on critics who call out for change. The pesticide industry had

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a man from Princeton who took on Rachel Carson when Silent Spring was catching on. Judging from the early reports attributed to Dr. Earl L. Butz, I logically assumed he was playing such a role for the National Agricultural Advertising & Marketing Association.

So I was genuinely surprised when two weeks before Thanksgiving, 1971, President Nixon nominated Butz to become the new Secretary of Agriculture. Usually, politicians don't put the much-publicized hard-liner into the top policy-making role (even if they agree with him). But there was Butz,

the heralded enemy of the family farmer and the organic environmentalist, sitting atop the USDA. Since then, I've come to be glad Butz and the USDA are openly united, because people in the cities-people who normally relate in no way to farm problems - are gradually learning about corporate farms and agribusiness. The corporate farm is being seen not only as a threat to rural America, but to urban America as well. One week after Senate confirmation, a front-page New York Times article concluded: "We lost the battle against Earl Butz but the struggle sure

by Jerome Goldstein, Managing Editor, Organic Gardening Magazine 42

Thestanat night ale big and bright leir a very gOod reason.

A recenl siud y by The Ur ban InSl ltute

So II S n OI only a "Ic e plac e 10 IlIIe,

Wdshlnglon D C gave our area the most lavorable air pollutIOn ranking 0 1 the 18 largest metropohtan areas In the U S We are pr OUd 01 our clean clear atmosphere And I he spacIOUSness Ou r 8·countleS cover 621 4 square m iles (more tand than Connecl tCul and Rhode Island combIned) In tacl The Southwest MelfopleK has been termed a megalopolis wllh leg room But we re more than a clean aIr center We have an eKcellent chmale The sun shines all day SIK days out 01 len We enloyyear .round recreation Mo re Ihan 300 000 acres 01 lakes WIthIn 90 minute drive Ma lor league spoils Including the 1972 Super BOwl C ha mps All perlOfmlng arls Nahonally recognI Zed school systems ContaIned In our Southwest MetropteK are seven ma lo r degree granllng colleges and unIverSItIes

bul also a place 10 live mcer

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A notional and Internotlonal tron,portation cent.r.

The Southwest M elroplex IS , apldly becoming a matof !ranspor iahon hub 01 Nort h Amenca Alfeady ranked 7th In IheU 5 In all passenger ooardlngs Dallas Fori Worlh IS 1)l.lIldlng the w orld s targesl 811porl When II opens In July 1973 lhe new Regional Airport w ill be the wo rld 5 mOSI el ltelen llOI alfhne oper atIOns

and passenger convenience The na l1onaland rnlernallonat ma rkehng Implications are w or ih conSidering Accessibieioca hon eUICren! surlace Ifanspoll allon and soon Ihe world s largesl arr pon all w llhmIhr ee hOUI S non-SlOp 01 any c'Iy on Ihe U S mainland and w ll h,n 14 hOurs 01 an y coun ll Y In lhe w orld

A healthy economic: region.

Dun & Braosheel reporls only New York and ChtCago have more mIllIOn dollar companteS Ihan Dallas FOfI Worth We re an 8-counly economtC regIOn 012 3 mllhon ~ protec ted 10 4 millIOn by 1985 There's a 101 more 10 our story And

II you'd hke 10 learn more aboul The Southwest Metr oplex ana how we c an help you bea l Ihe Pfohl and people squeeze lust maltlhe coupon today

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One of the most mind-boggling tendencies of America is how it promotes its virtues as it ruins them. Every beautiful city in the country is spending hundreds of thousands of dollars in a headlong effort to catch up with New York , Chicago and Los Angeles in the race for unliveability. Denver is gone now-smog hovers over it.

Boston is looking like a second-rate edition of New York and even in San Francisco the Chamber of Commerce has managed to overcome an outraged citizenry to the point where , instead of looking like a pearl on the Mediterranean , it has begun to look more or less like a fog-beclouded Manhattan.

To ruin themselves, most cities typically encourage more industry, more tall buildings, more new highways, more big airports , while telling people how beautiful and uncrowded and undeveloped and quiet the place is. Five years later, you get the first signs of decay. Traffic jams, higher crime rates , breakdown of municipal services , noise , bad tempers .

A few California cities have now seemed to get the message.

Recently they passed legislation controlling growth , and there is now the possibility that San Francisco may finally do likewise.

Looks like it's too late for Dallas.

The purpose of this ad , apparently, is to get all of us out here in the world to believe that Western Bancorporation and banks in genera l have nothing so close to their hearts as keeping the West pristinely beautiful.

And yet every spot of beauty that's named-The Grand Canyon , The Painted Desert, the High Sierras, Tahoe , the Redwoods , etc.-has been the subject of incredible, ferocious conservation struggles in which some industrial consortium , always with the support of a major bank , have conspired to develop it, cut it down , strip mine it, dam it, build houses allover it or otherwise do it in for no motive beyond profit. Banks in the West , perhaps more so than in the East where most of the landscape has already been pretty much divided up, are notorious in their ruthless disregard for environmental and social values and have often been the innovators of destructive projects. It was banking innovation which created agribusiness in California , as well as widespread coastal development, as well as the California Water Plan , the three most destructive developments in the state's history. Similarly banks were involved in plans to dam Grand Canyon and are now involved in the construction of power plants in the Four Corners area of Arizona, the last clean air region in the country.

One is hardpressed to think of a single instance where a bank, as it's claimed in this ad , refused a profitable project on environmental grounds. In the West, that is next to unth inkable.

ECOPORNOGRAPHY 48

What we make today makes environmental control possible tomorrow nxrucls dn(c'opQ"4 t:;y Enqtlt't.rd a te

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The electric climate can do more than help your children breathe clean air...

It's a superior indoor environment that can make any kind of building cost less to own ... and it can help the outdoor environment, too!

Consider what the benefits of the electric c/intact can mean to you as a homeowner. And as a cost+conscious, people-conscious executive. And as a civic-minded citizen.

The human benefits of the electric climate: Flamdess electric heat is the heart of the electric climate. It fills rooms with a soft, even warmth that can't be matched for comfort. No drafty corners.

No sudden chills. Except for the comfort, you hardly know it's

there-whether you're in your electrically heated home or office or church or school. Think how much better people live and play and learn and work in such a pleasant environment.

The dollar value benefits of the electric climate: The initial cost of nameless electric equipment that results in the electric c1imatt i~ comparable to or lotINr than other types. Requires little or no maintenance. And the cost of electricity remains a real bargain!

The environmental benefits of the electric climate: Buildings with the tlectn', climatt usc the cleanest source of energy there is. Flamtless electricity, There's no combustion!

Therefore, buildings with the electri, climatt put nothing in the air around them!

Theelulri, C/imatt isn't a promise for the future, I t's here now. Find out more about it from your electric utility company. You'l benefit. So will your company. And your community.

Live better ~~~.~..~~.~~ better world.

Engelhard is one of those companies which offer technological " solutions" to environmental pollution. The way to stop chemical pollution of water, for example , is through " better" chemicals. But such solutions ignore the basic tenets of ecology. Putting one kind of chemical into the water, instead of another kind, just gives you a different kind of pollution. Perhaps it is a kind which is not known to have negative effects upon some living organism. But often , it develops it does. Nitrogen fertilizers, once seen as a boon for starving millions, are now known to deplete the soil of its natural regenerative abilities and may be doing more harm than good. Engelhard 's " special absorbants [which] clean up manmade oil slicks" certainly do not simply get the oil to vanish , nor does the absorbant disappear. Where do they go? What happens to them there?

And perhaps " attapulgus clay" really can " seal waste water disposal ponds ," but if it does not do the sealing perfectly and forever, that " waste water," which is all to often chemically poisoned water, will wind up coming out of your tap at home. A better solution would be to eliminate the need for " waste water ponds" altogether, but that technology does not exist.

The entire concept of " environmental control " ought to be , at least, suspect. Within a closed system , such as planet Earth, it is not possible to do anything without some kind of ecological consequence, simply because everything is connected. Saying that the situation is otherwise is like claiming it is possible to squeeze half a balloon without inflating the other half.

The implication here is that all we 've got to do is convert everyone from those messy gas ranges and heaters and voila! , pretty little girls like this one will be saved from a ravaged world.

The ad says: " Buildings with the electric climate use the cleanest source of energy there is. Flameless electricity. There's no combustion. Therefore buildings with the electric climate put nothing in the air around them ."

In other words, buy an electric range and save the environment.

Which leaves out , somehow , a great deal of the electrical story. A recent report by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, financed by the National Science Foundation , made these observations about this particular series of ads : Even though there is no pollution at the point of use, there is pollution at the electric power plants, at the mines and oil and gas wells which provide energy for power plants , and in disposal of fly ash and radioactive wastes. In 1969, electric power plants accounted for 44 million tons of air pollutants in the U. S. This includes 24 million tons of sulfur oxides, about three-fourths of the total U. S. sulfur emissions."

Power plants also account for most of the thermal pollution in the country, as well as thousands of miles of high voltage transmission lines and , what's more, do all this with incredible inefficiency in terms of preserving our scarce energy resources. The Oak Ridge report states: "Electric heating consumes more than twice as much primary energy as does gas heating per unit [of energy] ." Bringing us twice as close to Armageddon.

It will doubtless please some readers that the Oak Ridge report credits advertising for being "directly responsible for 24% of residential conversions from gas heating to electric heating " from 1960 to 1970, concluding that " the costs, in terms of energy resources and pollution will be considerable." So much for that little girl's clean air.

Well anyway , the ad states that the " electric climate" is less expensive than gas and this must be true , right? Wrong. The report states flatly: " The average residential cost of gas in 1969 was less than 17% the cost of electricity. "

APORTFOLIO 49

( Ecology & War) "

.The need is not really for more brains, the need is now for

A GENTLER,A MORE TOLERANT PEOPLE THAN THOSE WHO WON FOR US AGAINST THE ICE, THE TIGER AND THE BEAR. The hand that hefted the ax, out of some old blind allegiance to the past, fondles the machine gun as lovingly. It is a habit man will have to break to survive, but the roots go very deep." (Loren Eiseley) +

Please write your congressmen and senators. In particular, write letters, or postcards or send wires to the list of senators who, at this time, have not gotten off the fence on this issue. [See coupon below for their names.] It is as significant an ecological act as blocking the SST, or turning in a car, or not buying a fur coat, or getting the lead out of gas.

It is an act in favor of life.

Thank you.

FRIENDS OF THE EARTH 30 E. 42nd St., N.y'C.- 4S1 Pacific Ave., San Francisco David Brower, President; Gary Soucie, Executive Director On May 14, many o/ th t nation'J Itading co nurvation figureJ joined in unding n tt legram to Mr. Nixon. Th t teltgm m,a nd itJ JignatoritJ, art Jhown below. (M OJ t Jigna toritJ acted aJ individua l .. OrganizationJ art Jhown lor idt ntifica tion.)

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" We call upon the administration , the Congress and the people of the United States to do whatever is necessary to bring about an immediate withdrawal of U .S. troops in Cambodia and a qu ick end to the war in Southeast Asia. 'I ' here is no way in which the world can extricate itself from pressing problems of overpopu lation and pollution without first halting the destructive drain on human and natural resources now demanded by the war.

T he time has come to recognize the war in So utheast Asia for what it really is - an ecologica l disaster that ultimately destroys both the land and the people it purports to prottet.

The United States will survive neither as a political nation nor as an tcologica l unit if it persists in expanding its vita l energy in irrelevant armed con Aict. The great danger to the nation today lies not in our ideological or political differences but rather in our uncontrolled abi lity to destroy our common su pport system , the planet.

The war in Southeast Asia has legitimized total dest ruction as a strategy and is destroying the very abi lity of the land itself to support life in the future. The accepted policies of the war have included : - The chemical defoliation of more than one-fifth of the forest area of South Vietnam - more than 5,000,000 acres. Beyond th is disruption of life systems that promises to affect the future food su pply of Vietnam, and the destruction of all other foons of life, this policy has accelerated rapid leaching of tropica l soils and in some cases may caUK permanent soil sterility.

- The systematic saturation bombing of entire land areas, square mile by square mile, to destroy all vegetation that might conceal or otherwise support the adversary.

HIs ADVERTISEMENT

is being placed by FRIE DS O F THE EARTH , a conservation group, but it concerns the war in Southeast Asia, and also wars in general.

Until recently conservationists have been thought of as content to fight the tragedy of a dam , the outrage of pollution, the spread of ugliness and environmental deg radation , and also the economic and political solutions to that sort of mindless destruction .

Wars have been someone else's problem.

It has been as though war is not as destructive as dams. Or that an air pollution hazard in Los Angeles is a more significant danger to life than bombs landing upon non-combatants in a war, or the laterizing (turning to rock ) of thousands of square miles of formerly living soil by widespread use of napalm. It is as though DDT in our vital tissues is worse than wartime chemical defoliants in the tissues of pregnant women.

It is not true. They are all of equal order, deriving as they do from a mentality which places all life and its vital sources in a position secondary to politics or power or profit.

Ecology teaches us that everything, everything is irrevocably connected. Whatever affects life in one place-any form of life, including people- affects other life elsewhere.

DDT on American farms, finds its way to Antarctic penguins.

Pollution in a trout stream eventually pollutes the ocean.

Smog over London blows over to Sweden.

An A-bomb explosion $preads radiation everywhere.

The movement of a dislodged, hungry, war torn population affects conditions and life wherever they go.

It is all connected. The doing of an act against life in one place is the doing of it everywhere. Thinking of things in any other way is like assuming it is possible to tear one stitch in a blanket without unravelling the blanket.

Friends of the Earth, therefore, its Board of Directors and staff, wishes to go on record in unanimous support of the recent telegram to Mr. Nixon, signed by the leaders of the nation's conservation organizations, reproduced below.

We would further like to urge readers of this ad to become involved in supporting the several resolutions now in the Congress which will hasten our withdrawal from Southeast Asia, as follows: 1) The Cooper-Church amendment which requires the withdrawal of all American .military from Cambodia by June 30 ; 2) The Repeal of the Gulf of Tonkin resolution, used as the "legal" basis of the Vietnam involvement; 3) The McGovern-Hatfield Resolution, which requires total American disengagement by 1971.

- The destruction of entire crops - despite all evidence that military forces will always be fed first, leaving children and the aged most likely to suffer. " We believe that when an American commander can state (and believe) that 'We had to destroy the vi ll age to save it,' we (ace a danger to the earth of more immediacy than an y ot her now being discussed.

"We believe that ecology, the study of the interdependenl relationship of -all things on earth, indicates the increasing penalty that will result from the needless destruction of life in any form. Our world has ~med SO Jarge for .so long that horrible excesses in one place or another could be absorbed , and the earth counted upon to heal its wounds. But that is no longer true. The world is made smaller by our power, and the excesses are now SO much greater. " The natura l balance is so delica te and com plex that it seems to us that now is a time to encourage the diversity of life in all its forms and styles, and to replace the mentality that divides the world simplistically between 'us' and ' the enemy' with one that recognizes and celebrates diversity. We ask for a new, ecologically oriented foreign policy, one which places its emphasis on the needs of the ecosphere and not on the politics of nations. Such a policy may sam outrageous to those who consider conservation to be concerned only with strewn beer cans rather than strewn bodin, and with saving a recreation area rather thall saving a planet. nut a planet is at stak:e, and to save it we must begin by giving up the policy of destruction that leads with relentl ess logic to a My Lai - and to a widening of war in the interest of 'shortening' it. uWe cannot destroy Vietnam, or [he world, in order to save it."

Donald Aitk.cn, Scientific coorJinalor$ )ohn Muir In stilul e; Phillip Berry. Prtsidtnl . Sierra C/uh$' Raymond Balter, Director. Ec%gy GenU,.; David Brower, PruiJtnl. Friends 01 th e Earlh ,' Harrison Brown, Cali/o rnia Insli/ute 0/ Technology ; David C hallinoT, Smithsonwn In,s ti/ute ; Rolan d Clemem, Vice Presiden', Audubon Sociely; Eugene Coan. Z ero Populatio n Grow th ~' Mrs. Kay Corbett, Portland Stale Univ~rsity-Environmental Teach-In Coo rdinator ; Garrett de Bell, Editor, Tlu f:nvironlluntal H andhool; Alvin Duskin i Dr. Paul Ehrlich, Prtsiden t~ Z ero Population Growth ~' Brock Evans, Northwest R epresen tative, Sierra Cluh; Richard A. Falk, Mil/bank Professor of Int ernational Law. Princeton U niversity .. Francis Farquhar, honorary President , Sierra Cluh; Mrs. Francis Farquhar ; Hans Feibush, San Francisco Tomorrow~' David Forbes, Grace Cathedral; Harold Gilliam, ConuNJa lion writer ..

Garrett Hardin , University of California, Sllnla Barhara ,' Dennis Hayes, Nalional Coordinator, Eorth D ay,' Alfred Heller, Presiden t, California Tomorrow .. Cliff H umphreys, Ecology Action,' George Leonard, author and editor,' A. Stark.er Leopold, President, California Acadtmy of Sciences .. I\-Iax Linn, Prtsidtn t , J ohn Muir I nslilutt .. Martin Littoll, Board of Dirutors , Friends of the Earth and Sierra Cluh ,' Mark Lappe, Univtrsity of California, Berlefty ,' Daniel Luten, University of California, Btrltlty ,' Michael M cCloskey, Exuu tive Director, Sierra Club ,' Stephanie Mi lls, Editor, Earlh Times .. John ~1ilton , Tht Conurvation Foundation ; Margaret Owings, Sav~-the-Redwoods Leatue .. Nathaniel Owings ; Mr. and Mrs. George Plimpton; Eliot Porter, phototrapher .. Douglas Scott , The Wi!¡ derness Society .. Kevin Shea, Science Editor, Environment .. 'ViII Siri, Presidrnt , Save San Francisco Bay Association ,' Gary Snyder, POe/ ,' Dwight Steele, Sirrra Club .. John Fell Stevenson; Car l F. Stover, Consultan t . Washington , D. C.,' Stuart Udall , Former Secretary oftht I nterior ; President, Overviru; ,' Richard A. Watson, Washington University ..

Kenneth Watt, In stitute of EcololY, University of California, Davis .. Robert Wenkham, Friends of tl" Earth ,' Thomas Whiteside ; W illard Wirtz, Former Suretary of Labor ,' Chairman of the Contrtss on Population and Envirotll/unt ,. Lawrence Williams, Executive Director, Oregon Environm ental Council,' Mrs. Maradd K. Gale, President. Oregon Environmental Co uncil,' Dr. Richard Gale, Chairman Eugene gro up Pacific NW Chap ter, Sierra Cluh ,' Harvey Manning, Editor, The Wild Cascade~' Dale Jon~, Editor, North West Conifer ,. Hon. Mrs. Maurine Neuberger, Formu United Statn Senator ,' Dr. Donald M cKinley, Director, NW Environmen tal Defenu C~nttr ..

William A. ordstrom, Wilduness photolraphtr .. Mrs. Elizabeth Ducey, Surdary , The Oregon Roadside Council,.

Patrick D . Goldsworthy, Former Director, Sierra Club.

Mr. David Brower, FRIENDS OFTHE EARTH 30 East 42nd Street, New York , N.Y 100 17 Dear Mr. Brower :

o

I have sent letters urging su pport of anti-war bills to the following !l.S. Senators who are as yet undecided on these measures. o Sen. George Aitken 0 Sen. jacob javits o Sen. Edward Brooke 0 Sen. 'Varren Magnuson o Sen. Quentin Burdick 0 Sen. jos<ph Montoya o Sen. Clifford Case 0 Sen. Frank Moss o Sen. Allen E llender 0 Sen. Charles Percy Sen. Albert Gore 0 Sen. Stuart Symington

o o

I would likea copyof DEFOLIATION by Thomas Whitnide. I am enclosing one dollar. {lncludts tax .}

o

Please: enro ll me in your organization. I am enclosing ' >_:_-----.,.--=:; for membership. ($15 regular, $5 spouse, $5 student, $25 supporting, $50 contributing, $250 life. )

o

I would like to work on the war task force of Friends of the Earth.

Nam'e...e_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Add,...... s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ City¡ _ _ _ _ _ State...e_ _ _ _1.Z;p_ _

+

57

EXHIBIT:

The Coloring Book " A few months ago I happened to give a speech to a group of artists and designers. Sometimes speeches aren't fun, either for me or the audience. But this was a good one because the audience was so bright and lively. " Afterwards, one of the artists, Robert Pease, asked if there was anything he and his friends could do in the fight to save San Francisco. He got together sixteen artists, and they all wanted to help. We thought about bumper stickers, posters, pamphlets and then-bam! a coloring book.

"My part of the project was to reduce the whole complex case against high-rise to 24 statements. Perry-Lynn Moffitt then re-wrote the sentences into coloring bookese.

Bob Pease's job was to put together the story and the pictures and make it all happen. The project was to be free, all volunteer art and labor and free to the voters. 50,000 copies to start. " Although this book is fairly authoritative on aesthetic and environmental questions, it is not to be taken as the last word on the economic problem of high-rise in San Francisco. More complete accounts are available in two places.

First there is a study of the economics of High-Rise that is available at the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce. It proves, in great detail, that we are wrong. There is another study called The Ultimate High-Rise that is available from the San Francisco Bay Guardian . It proves, in great detail, that this coloring book is right. " Yours, Alvin Duskin"

Once there was a San Francisco that was light and pastel, hilly, open and inviting. Color it.

San Franciscans lived in old Victorian houses with gingerbread trim. Or in small apartment buildings with bay windows.

Judy Pelikan

72

Sixteen San Francisco Artists present Alvin Duskin's

VarE ON HIGH-RISE

COLORING BOOK

When they walked to work or to school they climbed hills in the clear air and looked out over the blue bay.

St eve Ha ll

86