Carrot Country Summer 2019

CarrotCountry.com

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Summer 2019

Harvest Essentials

In the Genes For the Advertiser Index click here

Salinity Stress The Blight Fight

Magazines For Maximum Yield

PO Box 333 Roberts, Idaho 83444 Telephone: (208) 520-6461

www.carrotcountry.com Carrot Country Contacts Editor Denise Keller

editor@ColumbiaMediaGroup.com

Publisher / Advertising Dave Alexander dave@ColumbiaMediaGroup.com Director of Operations Brian Feist brian@ColumbiaMediaGroup.com

EDITORIAL INFORMATION Carrot Country is interested in newsworthy material related to carrot production and marketing.

Contributions from all segments of the industry are welcome. Submit news releases, new product submissions, stories and photos via email to: editor@ColumbiaMediaGroup.com, or call (509) 697-9436.

ADVERTISING SALES For information on rates, mechanics, deadlines, list rental, direct mail, inserts or other information, call (208) 520-6461 or email: dave@carrotcountry.com

SUBSCRIPTIONS U.S................... 1 year $16 Canada ............ 1 year $24 Foreign ............ 1 year $40

Vol. 27, No. 2

Summer 2019

In This Issue:

4 6 8

The Blight Fight

Field Research Identifies Products to Protect Carrots From Foliar Blight

In the Genes

Research Links Carotenoid Presence with Or Gene in Domesticated Carrot

Harvest Essentials

Buyers’ Guide

11 Salinity Stress

Study Identifies Salt-Tolerant Carrot Germplasm

12 Winter Trial Evaluates Nearly 180 Hybrids

Payments may be made by check, Visa, MasterCard or American Express.

Subscribe online at: www.carrotcountry.com or call (503) 724-3581.

Email address changes/corrections to brian@ColumbiaMediaGroup.com or mail to: Carrot Country PO Box 333 Roberts, ID 83444

Carrot Country magazine (ISSN 1071-6653), is published quarterly and mailed under permit #410, paid at San Dimas, CA 91773.

It is produced by Columbia Media Group PO Box 333, Roberts, ID, 83444.

Copyright 2019. All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose without the express written permission of Columbia Media Group.

For information on reprints call (208) 520-6461.

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Trial attendees discuss results of the USDA’s California winter carrot trial.

See story on page 12. Photo courtesy Phil Simon, USDA-ARS

On the Cover: The SP-400CFH, a four-row selfpropelled top lifter from ASA-LIFT, harvests fresh market carrots.

Find the latest harvest equipment in our Harvest Essentials Buyers’ Guide starting on page 8.

Photo courtesy ASA-LIFT

Departments:

6 Calendar 7 In the News 14 New Products

The Blight Fight Field Research Identifies Products to Protect Carrots From Foliar Blight

By Mary Hausbeck, Michigan State University

M

ichigan’s producers of carrots for both the fresh and processing markets are threatened by foliar blights each year. When the fungi Alternaria dauci and Cercospora carotae blight the leaves and petioles (Fig. 1), yields are reduced.

If the petioles become weakened and die, a mechanical harvester cannot be used to pull the carrots out of the ground.

It is not unusual for both fungal pathogens to develop in a carrot crop grown for processing, especially late in the season. The Alternaria pathogen infects older carrot foliage that is often under the canopy and near the soil. This pathogen causes lesions that are brown, sometimes with a yellow halo, but do not have a specific shape. The lesions often start at the edge of the carrot leaf and cause more blighting as they advance. The Cercospora pathogen is different from the Alternaria pathogen in that it infects young leaves.

The Cercospora pathogen causes round lesions with a dark rim and a lighter, tan or gray center.

Field Research

Michigan carrot growers take steps each year to minimize the impact of foliar blights, including reducing overhead irrigation, using crop rotation, and applying conventional and organic products.

In 2018, a controlled and replicated study was conducted in a growercooperator’s field using Belgrado seeds to evaluate products for protection against foliar blight of carrots grown for the processing market. Each treatment plot included a 20-foot-long three-row bed. Product treatments (Table 1) were applied using a CO2 backpack sprayer and a broadcast boom equipped with three XR8003 flat-fan nozzles spaced 18 inches apart, calibrated at 50 psi and delivering 50 gallons/acre. Six applications were made every 10 days. Blighting of the foliage was evaluated throughout the season.

Several products/treatments included in this trial were effective and protected the carrot foliage throughout the season,

including: Merivon SC, Luna Sensation SC, Cabrio EG + Bravo Weatherstik SC, Switch WG + Bravo WeatherStik SC, Cabrio EG, and Quadris SC (Figure 2).

These products limited foliar blighting to 15 percent or less. Bravo WeatherStik SC was most effective in protecting the foliage when it was applied in combination with either Cabrio EG or Switch WG. All treated plots except Mastercop SC and Kocide 3000-O yielded significantly more than the untreated plot.

Management Considerations When choosing fungicides and putting together an overall protection strategy, it is very important to alternate active ingredients so that the pathogens that cause foliar blight do not have a chance to adapt to a particular fungicide and become resistant. The fungicide product label includes a FRAC code, which is an alphanumeric code assigned by the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee

Figure 1. The photo on the left shows suspect Alternaria dauci lesions following margins of the carrot foliage.

The photo on the right shows suspect small, roundish Cercospora carotae lesions.

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and is based on the mode of action of the active ingredient. Fungicides that are labeled for use against foliar blight have a similar mode of action, (Table 1) which is determined by them having the same FRAC code. Developing a protection program that ensures fungicides with different FRAC codes are used is the best way to keep all of the fungicide tools working well.

Disease forecasters can play an important role in IPM systems for vegetable crops by alerting growers when weather conditions are favorable for disease development. Fungicide sprays are often needed but vary from year to year based on the environment. A tomato disease forecasting system (TOM-CAST) has been adapted to successfully predict foliar blight in Michigan processing carrots. By timing fungicide applications for optimum efficacy, growers typically make fewer total applications. For those interested in implementing a disease forecasting system as a tool in an IPM program, choosing effective fungicide products for use in that program is key to their success.

Table 1. Products tested for control of foliar blights of carrot

Product and rate/acre

Active ingredient

FRAC*

Bravo WeatherStik SC 24 fl oz

chlorothalonil

M05

Cabrio EG 12 oz

pyraclostrobin

11

Kocide 3000-O WP 24 oz

copper hydroxide

M01

Luna Sensation SC 7.6 fl oz

fluopyram/trifloxystrobin

7/11

Luna Tranquility SC 16 fl oz

fluopyram/pyrimethanil

7/9

Mastercop SC 24 fl oz

copper sulfate pentahydrate

M01

Merivon Xemium Brand Fungicide SC 5.5 fl oz

fluxapyroxad/pyraclostrobin

7/11

Quadris Flowable SC 12 fl oz

azoxystrobin

11

Switch WG 14 oz

cyprodinil/fludioxonil

9/12

*The FRAC code is an alphanumeric code assigned by the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee and is based on the mode of action of the active ingredient.

Figureon 2. Effect of fungicides foliar disease yield of carrot Figure 2. Effect of fungicides foliar disease on and yield ofand carrot

CarrotCountry.com

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In the Genes

Research Links Carotenoid Presence with Or Gene in Domesticated Carrot

By Shelby L. Ellison, Douglas Senalik, Philipp W. Simon, USDA-ARS; Claire H. Luby, Keo E. Corak, Kevin M. Coe, Irwin L. Goldman, Julie C. Dawson, University of Wisconsin-Madison; and Massimo Iorizzo, North Carolina State University

The

first colors of carrot 1,100 years ago were purple and yellow, not orange. There is some evidence for orange carrots earlier in history, but orange carrots did not appear consistently in the historical record until the 16th century when orange quickly became the predominant color, as it is still today.

The orange pigments in carrots, called carotenoids, contribute to their visual appeal and they provide 10 to 15 percent of the vitamin A to the U.S. diet.

In past experiments, we studied two of the genes that underlie the presence and accumulation of high levels of carotenoids in carrot roots, but much of that biomolecular mechanism remains largely unknown.

In this study, using a global collection of diverse carrots varying in color, we provide the first evidence that the Or gene is involved in the presence of the orange carotenoid pigments that give carrots their distinctive color. The Or gene is known to be involved in carotenoid storage in other crops including cauliflower and sweet potato, but was not discovered in carrot before this study.

Our analysis also enabled the identification of regions of the carrot genome that contain genes likely involved in carrot domestication. These include not only the Or gene, but also genes involved in other traits such as carrot shape and flowering.

This study will be of interest to plant geneticists, molecular biologists, breeders, nutritionists, vegetable growers and agricultural historians.

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The Or gene was previously known to be involved in carotenoid storage in other crops including cauliflower and sweet potato and was discovered in carrot in a recent study.

Calendar

• •

Nov. 19-20 Pacific Northwest Vegetable Association Conference and Trade Show Three Rivers Convention Center Kennewick, Wash.

Sheri Nolan, (509) 585-5460 or www.pnva.org

Oct. 17-19 PMA Fresh Summit Convention and Expo Anaheim, Calif. www.freshsummit.com

• June 10-12 United Fresh 2019 Chicago, Ill. www.unitedfresh.org

In the News Butterfly Buys Bolthouse

Butterfly, a Los Angeles-based private equity firm specializing in the food sector, has signed a definitive agreement to acquire Bolthouse Farms from Campbell Soup Company for $510 million.

Jeff Dunn, an operating partner at Butterfly, will become CEO of Bolthouse Farms, where he served as president and CEO from 2008 until 2012, when it was acquired

by Campbell Soup Company. He continued leading the business for Campbell Soup Company from 2012 until 2016.

Based in Bakersfield and Santa Monica, California, Bolthouse Farms has leading market positions in fresh carrots and refrigerated premium beverages in the U.S., along with a strong and growing presence in refrigerated salad dressings, according to a news release from Butterfly.

Bolthouse Farms has access to over 65,000 acres of growing land, nationwide fresh distribution capabilities, and a carrot and beverage processing facility. The company operates facilities in Bakersfield, California; Hodgkins, Illinois; Prosser, Washington; and Wheatley, Ontario, Canada.

Fox Solutions Adds to the Team

Grimmway Farms Celebrates 50 Years

Grimmway Farms is celebrating its 50th anniversary this year.

Grimmway traces its roots back to a produce stand opened by Rod and Bob Grimm in Anaheim, California, in the early 1960s. The Grimm brothers then set their sights on the carrot industry and began doing business as Grimmway Farms in 1969. They moved to Kern County, California, in 1981, expanding operations to take advantage of the region’s fertile, year-round growing conditions. In 1990, the Grimms combined their knowledge of farming, engineering and consumer trends to market the baby carrot.

Grimmway Farms remains family owned and is headquartered in Bakersfield, California. While the company’s primary growing region is in Kern County, Grimmway also farms in other areas of California, Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Oregon and Washington.

Grimmway is planning several special events throughout the year to celebrate the company’s employees, partners and customers.

CarrotCountry.com

Fox Solutions has hired Thomas Summers as a California-based regional sales representative. Summers brings nearly 30 years of industry experience and a background in packaging equipment sales, service and support.

Fox Solutions specializes in customized equipment solutions for fresh produce shippers. The company is headquartered in McAllen, Texas, with additional offices in Lockport, New York.

• Read Issues Online • News • New Products • Features

CarrotCountry.com

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Harvest Essentials Buyers’ Guide

ASA-LIFT Top Lifters

www.asa-lift.com

ASA-LIFT’s CM-100 series is a compact one-row top lifter suited for small farms. The simplicity of the machine makes it very economical and easy for the driver to operate.

C and E versions feature either a fork on the back of the machine for easy loading into boxes, or an elevator model for non-stop direct loading into a trailer.

The 2019 model Combi-1010 is the successor to the previous Combi-1000. This machine is convenient for bigger tractors, ensuring a good overview of the lifting section.

The Combi-1010 has the most recent technologies on the harvesting section with low maintenance and can carry multiple options. This machine has large capacity and can meet the needs of commercial growers.

The interior of self-propelled machinery has been upgraded with better ergonomics and a more intuitive and straightforward joystick.

The first 2019 model of the SPT-255SFH is ready to leave the production line in the new red color.

Greentronics Yield Monitor

www.greentronics.com

Integration with John Deere GS3 2630 displays is now available.

Greentronics’ yield monitor transmits yield data to the 2630. The 2630 displays and stores yield data in real time. Integration to Trimble FMX and TMX displays continues to be available, as well.

Greentronics yield monitors are designed for root crop and vegetable harvesters. The system is built around one or more load cells, which are installed in a conveyor to measure the weight of the crop as it passes on the belt.

Once installed and calibrated, the harvester operator chooses the field name and sets the swath width. The operator does not need to interact with the yield monitor while harvesting.

Growers use yield maps to study and manage variability in their fields and generate report cards on their progress. By applying breakeven points, yield maps can indicate areas with profit and loss and help make decisions about inputs, population density, crop rotation, cover crops, drainage, leveling and so on.

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Kerian Machines Speed Sizer www.kerian.com

The Kerian Speed Sizer sorts carrots by size accurately and consistently. The constantly rotating rollers help the turning flaps align the carrots with the rollers so that the carrots (with or without tops) are consistently sorted by diameter. The sizer is proven in use for fresh carrots, baby carrots and processing lines.

Rietveld Equipment Polisher

www.rietveldequipment.com

The Allround Polisher TD 350-18 has 18 rolls of brushes with an estimated capacity of 25 tons per hour. Three smaller models are also available. The polishers are available in stainless steel and feature a hydraulic lift for easy cleanout, variable speed control, a water recirculation system and water cleaning system. The machine also offers easy brush removal for changing the brushes, as well as several different types of brushes for each application.

Allround builds all of the machines required in a washing/grading line, and the machines are running in over 80 countries worldwide.

Rietveld Equipment offers free 2D and 3D drawings of full lines, or drawings of the available machines in users’ existing lines.

Parts and machines are in stock at the company’s Midwest facility, and service and support from certified technicians is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week.

Synthetic Resources Incorporated ReflectorNET www.syntheticresources.com

ReflectorNET is an elastic pallet wrapping net typically used in the agricultural business for palletizing fresh produce that requires ventilation. ReflectorNET is manufactured with enhanced elasticity to wrap more pallets per roll, which saves money on packaging products, and to allow for stronger pallet containment, which provides peace of mind that loads are securely wrapped. ReflectorNET saves 50 to 60 percent of the cost of strap-and-corners packaging methods. The product offers an aggressive built-in memory that helps maintain width, providing excellent pallet stability with only little overlapping whether used in a wrapping machine or manually. Synthetic Resources Inc. offers ReflectorNET in 20-inch- and 30-inch-wide machine rolls.

Standard pallet netting is available in hand and machine rolls.

CarrotCountry.com

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Harvest Essentials Buyers’ Guide

Univerco Mini-Veg Harvester www.univerco.com

With 40 years of experience in building carrot harvesters from one-row to multi-row self-propelled, Univerco is pleased to introduce a smaller version of its top-lifting carrot harvester. The Mini-Veg will harvest carrots, beets, turnips, parsnips and rutabagas without any modification to the machine. Pickers for other crops are also available.

Equipped with a platform, the machine will carry its own bin, making it a one-man operation, ideal for smaller farms or growers changing crops frequently.

The machine can also drop and pick up the bins hydraulically for added ease of operation. Sorting platform, dirt remover and hydraulic-driven roller points are among the other options offered.

Vogel Engineering Inc. Custom-Built Harvesting Equipment www.vogel-engineering.com

Made in the U.S., Vogel Engineering harvesters offer features such as a precision computercontrolled planting population system and individual row head height adjustability. Plus, the company offers a new Extreme Super Cleaning System.

Harvesters are available in two-, three-, four-, six- and eight-row configurations. Other available options include conventional roller bars or highspeed crowning.

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Salinity Stress

Study Identifies Salt-Tolerant Carrot Germplasm

S

alinity stress is considered one of the most important abiotic factors that limit the productivity of crop plants, and the estimated global cost due to salinity is more than $12 billion annually. This is due to the extensive use of irrigation and high rates of evapotranspiration, which result in increased salt accumulation in the soil.

A study by the USDA Agricultural Research Service at the University of Wisconsin has evaluated the response of diverse carrot germplasm to salinity stress, identified salt-tolerant carrot germplasm that may be used by breeders, and defined appropriate screening criteria for assessing salt tolerance in germinating carrot seed.

Adam Bolton and Philipp Simon focused on carrots in their research of glycophytic plants.

Most crops, including cultivated carrots, are categorized as glycophytic plants. The growth of glycophytes is greatly reduced in saline soils because they lack physiological mechanisms such as the salt glands and bladders that allow halophytes, or saltloving plants, to thrive in high salinity.

Bolton and Simon say that this type of extensive evaluation is needed to develop varieties that are considered fully salt-tolerant at each developmental stage for carrots. They note that one approach to combating the negative effects of salinity stress in glycophytic crops is identifying new genetic sources of tolerance and efficient phenotypic methods to develop salinity-tolerant cultivars.

Data collected from many crop species suggest that the level of salinity tolerance is highly dependent on the developmental stage of the plant. This life stage-specific tolerance means that a genotype that has tolerance at one life stage may not be tolerant at any other of its life stages.

Therefore, to more efficiently identify tolerant genotypes, their evaluations

needed to continue throughout the varying stages of ontogeny of the plant, from germination through the reproductive phase.

Screening for salt tolerance at the germination stage is the first step in identifying tolerant genotypes because it is a critical stage for plant development.

Fortunately, the researchers discovered, screening at this stage is among the most rapid and economical stages of development to evaluate a large number of diverse germplasm accessions.

Bolton and Simon used multiple

criteria for quantifying salt tolerance.

This broad approach demonstrated wide phenotypic variations during the seed germination stage among diverse carrot accessions. Significant differences in the percent of seed germination under nonstress conditions and for all salt tolerance germination measurements were observed among the 14 different regions of carrot accession origin.

Ultimately, this study identified a wide range of phenotypic variations for salt tolerance during the germination stage in a collection of diverse carrot accessions.

These accessions could serve as potential parents for creating mapping populations to identify the specific genotype associated with salt tolerance. This discovery is

promising for breeders as it suggests a route for them to move toward generating healthy plant crop cultivars with additional tools for growing on salt-affected soil.

“In previous studies, carrots have been characterized as a crop that is sensitive to salinity,” Simon explains.

“This study evaluated a large collection of wild and cultivated carrot germplasm and confirmed that, in fact, many carrot cultivars are saline-sensitive during seed germination, but that many germplasm accessions evaluated were quite salinetolerant. Interestingly, many of the more saline-tolerant carrots evaluated were cultivated carrots, perhaps reflecting unintentional selection by farmers that have been growing the crop with saline irrigation water. This study provides an optimistic outlook for breeding carrots with improved salinity tolerance during germination. Tolerance during seeding and later plant development will also be needed as salinity becomes a more serious challenge for farmers.”

Simon’s and Bolton’s research is explained in the article “Variation for Salinity Tolerance During Seed Germination in Diverse Carrot Germplasm” in HortScience, published by The American Society for Horticultural Science.

WANTED! 3- to 4 -Row Used

Carrot Harvester 320-760-2088 Byron Koehl

CarrotCountry.com

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Winter Trial Evaluates Nearly 180 Hybrids T

he spring weather was pleasant, and the carrot crop grew well over the winter, making the USDA’s California winter carrot trial a success, according to organizers.

Close to 50 carrot breeders, growers, seed producers and shippers gathered at the University of California Desert Research and Extension Center (UCDREC) in March to evaluate the hybrid carrot trial. The trial included 69 baby carrot entries, 70 cello entries and 40 specialty entries from the USDA Cooperative Breeding Program and various seed companies.

This year, in addition to the hybrid trial, the USDA carrot program at UC-DREC grew out and harvested approximately 700 open-pollinated carrots from the USDA plant germplasm collection (plant introductions) and 50 public sector inbreds released by the University of Wisconsin and the USDA carrot breeding programs. This collection of germplasm is being grown as part of a USDA-NIFASCRI grant to collect data on phenotypic and genotypic diversity in cultivated carrots.

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The nearly 180 carrot varieties included in the USDA winter carrot trial are on display for evaluation at the University of California Desert Research and Extension Center.

Photo courtesy Phil Simon, USDA-ARS

Carrot breeders, growers, seed producers and shippers enjoy pleasant spring weather while checking out the carrot varieties grown in the winter carrot trial. Photo courtesy Kevin Coe, University of Wisconsin-Madison

CarrotCountry.com

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New Products Tong Rolls Out Pre-Soak Tank Tong Engineering leaves no stone unturned with its new pre-soak tank with an integrated de-stoner. Built to combine destoning, pre-soak and floating debris removal within the machine’s heavy duty water-filled tank, the new system has been designed to provide a gentle way to effectively pre-clean heavily soiled crop prior to washing.

The new pre-clean system features an integrated destoning facility at the infeed end of the tank, as well as a built-in floating debris remover at the outfeed. The combination of these processes in one tank is meant to produce enhanced washing results, as well as allow for reduced water consumption and improved energy efficiency.

The unit is suitable for use on a wide range of root crops including carrots and potatoes.

Visit www.tongengineering.com.

Single-Phase Motor Offers Solution The Belle Single-Phase Motor from Single Phase Power Solutions is a 100-horsepower single-phase electric motor. Using Written-Pole technology, this high-horsepower single-phase motor is compatible with readily-available single-phase utility services. Utility-friendly starting and operating characteristics are said to minimize voltage sags and flicker on long single-phase distribution lines and eliminate the need for phase converters or variable frequency drive installations. The company promotes the unit as ideal for agricultural applications in areas where threephase power is not readily available or cost-effective, such as irrigation pumps, blowers or fans.

Totally-enclosed fan-cooled design in a cast iron frame is suitable for indoor or outdoor installation. Rated at 100-horsepower, 460-volt, the 1,800-rpm electric motor delivers 95.5 percent efficiency at rated load with a near-unity power factor. The NEMA 449T frame motor weighs about 2,700 pounds and draws 170 amps at full load.

Visit www.sppowersolutions.com.

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Macro Plastics Adds New Bins

Macro Plastics has two new bins on the market this year. The Hybrid 1012 and 1212 are billed as the company’s most versatile bins and are designed to be highly ventilated to maximize airflow and cool carrots quickly.

Macro Plastics bins feature an innovative perimeter geometry designed to keep the walls from bowing out, as well as tapered walls that prevent one bin from crashing against the walls of an adjacent bin.

This “bruise buffer zone” is said to protect produce from damage during transport and in the field. The bins feature removable columns and bases which allow for significantly reduced delivery costs because the empty plastic bins can be nested when shipped.

Visit www.macroplastics.com.

GroupAg Distributes Forte Humidifiers GroupAg is the exclusive U.S. distributor for all Forte humidifiers, which have been carefully designed and constructed with materials that resist corrosion from water and acids and can be used as chemical applicators. Installation requires a standard power connection and water source. The fog rate for each of the three models is adjustable by a manual valve to achieve the desired amount of humidity or cooling. Forte humidifiers do not use nozzles, which are prone to clogging, according to the company.

The humidifiers are able to work in almost every environment, ensuring reliability and durability. They are also said to be cost effective, providing a low-maintenance solution for users’ humidity and cooling needs.

Visit www.groupag.com.

KERIAN SIZER

ACCURATE:

Precisely orients and sorts carrots

GENTLE:

Separates without damaging carrots

FAST:

Thirteen standard models custom-designed to meet your needs sort from 1000 lb/hr to 30,000 lb/hr

SIMPLE:

Effective but simple design provides a rugged, low cost, low maintenance machine at a high value to our customers.

It can even be used in the field!

Orients & positions carrots

Carrot Sizing Video Now Available: www.kerian.com

KERIAN MACHINES INC. 1709 Hwy 81 S, PO Box 311, Grafton, ND USA 58237

701-352-0480 • sales@kerian.com Fax 701-352-3776

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New! Extreme Super Cleaning System 3 to 4 times better cleaning than any other system

Custom Built Harvesting Equipment Carrots — Pickles

We offer a computer (digital processor) individual row head height system 2, 3, 4, 6 & 8 Rows Conventional Roller Bar or High Speed Crowning.

Precision Computer Controlled Planting Population Systems

LEADER IN CARROT HARVESTING TECHNOLOGY BUILT IN THE U.S.A. HE BEST T D L I U WE B REST! E H T X I AND F

For More Information Phone:

(231) 821-2125 Between 7 a.m. and 5:30 p.m. EST Ask for Wayne Fax (231) 821-0275

www.vogel-engineering.com

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