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A pursuit in early February 2019 preceded a fatal crash involving a driver of a stolen car who was fl eeing Douglas County deputies. That speeding driver hit another vehicle at the intersection of Santa Fe Drive and Mineral Avenue in a crash that left two people dead.

The crash came as Douglas County deputies chased a different car in the incident, also believed to have been stolen, along Highway 85 — which is known as Santa Fe Drive farther north. The 20-year-old driver in the crash, Deanna Bixby, was driving “several miles ahead” of the deputies pursuing the other car, according to Douglas County Sheriff Tony Spurlock. Jayne Davicsin, 25, and Ryan Carter, 27, were killed in the crash.

Spurlock defended his offi ce’s chase policy during a news conference on Feb. 7, 2019 — a day after the fatal crash — saying the incident “could have been avoided if the individuals had not done those crimes.”

Stacey Hervey, associate professor of criminal justice and criminology at Metropolitan State University of Denver, said chase policies — while at times necessary — can increase risks to people and places.

“I think departments have to have a very clear-cut chase policy, because adrenaline is high,” said Hervey, who also worked for the Boulder Police Department as a victim advocate for two years. “We know if they do no chase in a community, people are just going to run from the cops, so you have to balance it out.”

Douglas policy wider-reaching

A comparison of Littleton’s and Douglas County’s chase policies shows key differences for when offi cers can and should engage in a pursuit.

Littleton’s policy calls for offi cers to rarely engage in chases unless an offi cer “has a reasonable belief that the suspect, if allowed to fl ee, would present a danger to human life or cause serious injury.”

“Unless a greater hazard would result, a pursuit should not be undertaken if the subject(s) can be identifi ed with enough certainty that they can be apprehended at a later time,” the department’s policy reads.

Douglas County’s pursuit policy is wider-reaching, allowing for pursuits of potentially non-violent offenders. In addition to clearing offi cers to chase vehicles whose “subject or subjects pose a substantial threat of death or serious bodily injury to another person,” the policy also allows for chases of dangerous drivers — such as those who may be under the infl uence of a substance — as well as for cars believed to be stolen.

Douglas County deputies can also chase if the alleged suspect is believed to have committed a felony, according to the policy.

The most recent chase by Littleton police occurred in May when a suspect of a stolen car struck a Littleton offi cer before driving away. The chase led to one offi cer losing control of his vehicle and crashing into a concrete wall on West Main Street.

According to department spokesperson Sheera Poleman, the only reason Littleton police pursued in that instance was because of the unknown status of the offi cer who was struck. Once the offi cer who was hit by the suspect was determined to be in a stable condition, offi cers called off the chase.

“Property is not as important as a human life, and we try to be cognizant of that,” Poleman said, adding that chases rarely occur from Littleton police because of the “safety of our offi cers and the civilians around us.”

Littleton Police Chief Doug Stephens said the difference in policies “goes back to an overall philosophical view of pursuits and if it is worth the risk since it will likely end in a crash.”

For Stephens, anything short of a “violent felony” is “not worth the risk to the general public.”

Spurlock justifi ed the pursuit of allegedly stolen vehicles allowed under his offi ce’s policy, citing a rise in car thefts. Such crimes have been a top priority for the county, with data showing thefts up 20% between 2021 and 2020.

“Our deputies need to have as many tools as are available to them and auto thefts are incredibly increasing crimes,” Spurlock said. “If we did not choose to pursue anyone with a stolen car … every car would be subject to be stolen at any time with no retribution whatsoever.”

Spurlock said his offi cers weigh the risks associated with a chase “every day” and said most chases are usually called off. Factors that can make a chase riskier can be the time of day and traffi c.

Need to notify other agencies

In instances of chases that reach into other cities and counties, Poleman, the Littleton police spokesperson, said police try to respect the policies of other agencies.

“All of the metro departments and sheriff’s offi ces have an understanding that if it is coming out of the county or place that it’s originating in, then it is that county’s responsibility,” Poleman said. “Most of the departments are very respectful and let each other know what’s happening.”

According to both Littleton and Douglas County policies, offi cers are supposed to notify police in the jurisdiction they believe a chase will cross into, though the language of the two policies slightly differs.

Littleton’s policy calls for this to happen “immediately” while Douglas County’s says it should happen “as soon as possible.”

In the case of the chase in 2019 that preceded the fatal crash, Littleton police were never notifi ed as the chase approached city borders.

“It’s typically customary if we’re engaged in a chase and we’re leaving our jurisdiction, we’ll notify the jurisdiction we’re entering,” Littleton police Cmdr. Trent Cooper told Colorado Community Media in 2019. “It’s hard to judge. I’m sure Douglas County’s dispatchers had a lot going on. I can tell you our chase policy is very strict, because pursuits are very dangerous. Very few things are worth this kind of risk.”

Douglas County offi cers did notify Littleton police once the vehicle they were chasing entered the city but the chase ended at almost the same time because of the crash, Cocha Heyden, a spokesperson for the Douglas County Sheriff’s Offi ce, said at the time.

According to a records request, Douglas County deputies did notify Littleton police during the 2021 crash that left the driver injured.

But the Douglas County Sheriff’s Offi ce said it was “unable to confi rm if this was before or after entering the city limits as a pursuit can change at any moment, but they are always advised at some point.”

The Douglas County Sheriff’s Offi ce said it could not say whether offi cers notifi ed Littleton police during the latest incident July 29, citing an active investigation.

Stephens said he’s been satisfi ed with Douglas County’s communication for chases that cross into Littleton, though he said chases from Douglas County offi cers have been more frequent in recent years due to the county’s wider-reaching policy.

Spurlock said in some instances it can often be that deputies don’t have time to alert jurisdictions before they cross.

“Often it happens on the county line … where we’re in their jurisdiction before we let them know,” he said.

Spurlock said blame for accidents that can result in damages and injuries should be placed on the suspects, not offi cers involved in a chase.

“It is their responsibility and it is their fault that they’re committing a crime and don’t drive appropriately and cause a crash,” Spurlock said.

For Hervey, the MSU professor, the threshold for when a chase should be initiated should be high.

“The person should be a risk, not just in a stolen vehicle,” she said.

Douglas County Sheri Tony Spurlock defends his department’s chase policy during a

press conference Feb. 7, 2019. FILE PHOTO BY DAVID GILBERT

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