What’s a ‘reasonable’ rent increase?

from Denver Herald 042023

IN NEED

The answer is vague

BY ELLIOTT WENZLER THE COLORADO SUN

Imagine driving down a Colorado highway and instead of seeing a posted speed limit, you pass a road sign that reads: “Go an appropriate speed.” e idea may seem ludicrous, but similarly vague language is often inserted into bills by Colorado’s state lawmakers. Unde ned terms like “reasonable” and “substantial” are included in key parts of legislation and then left to courts to sort out later.

Sometimes, the ambiguity arises as laws are tested because it’s impossible for the legislature to imagine every possible scenario in which a statute may apply. Other times, loosey-goosey terms are intentionally added by lawmakers trying to build enough political support to pass a controversial bill.

“When you have a more broad standard that could be left open to interpretation of the courts, I think it’s easier to get things done,” said Rep. Javier Mabrey, a Denver Democrat who is an attorney.

But while some see vagueness as a tool to keep bills moving forward, others see it as a possible burden for the court system.

“If the law is vague, anyone can be dragged in front of the courts for most any reason,” said Rep. Matt

Soper, a Delta Republican who is also an attorney. is year at the Capitol, multiple highly debated bills weaving their way through the legislative process include ambiguous terms.

What’s a “reasonable increase” in rent? What’s a “substantially economically identical” o er on a multifamily residential building that’s for sale? Coloradans won’t know for sure unless those bills get signed into law and are challenged in the court system.

“ is session will be marked by bills that have to be litigated later,” said Jason Hopfer, a longtime lobbyist who represents clients like the Douglas County School District, Je erson County, Xcel Energy and the Colorado Community College System.

Reasonable rent hikes

One bill intended to protect people from evictions that’s sponsored by Mabrey includes language that could be interpreted in a number of ways. e measure attempts to also stop landlords from e ectively evicting tenants by unreasonably increasing their rent. But the bill

D I R E CT V H A S T H E M O ST L O C A L M L B G A ME S

Jason Dunn, Colorado’s former U.S. attorney and a former state deputy attorney general doesn’t de ne what a “reasonable” rent increase is. e bill also uses the word “reasonable” to lay out when a tenant has to let a landlord into their property and when a landlord has to

SEE RENT, P18 complete repairs.

Mabrey said it’s important to balance vagueness and specificity but ultimately, lawmakers have to find a way to get things done.

“The law is interpreted by the court at the end of the day,” he said.

Mabrey said the goal of the vague language around rent increases in his House Bill 1171 is to thread the needle between preventing landlords from imposing retaliatory rent increases and not creating a back-door rent control policy.

Without a definition for the phrase in the bill, Mabrey said a judge would be the one to decide what “reasonably” means based on the circumstances their jurisdiction is facing.

“To do that in legislation is to invite or force a judge to make their own personal judgment about what’s a reasonable increase in rent,” said state Sen. Bob Gardner, a Colorado Springs Republican and lawyer who often picks apart vague language in bills.

Judges would be uncomfortable making that determination, said Jason Dunn, Colorado’s former U.S. attorney and a former state deputy attorney general.

“No judge is going to take on that role of legislating,” said Dunn, a Republican who now works in private practice for Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck, where he focuses on government investigations and white collar defense.

The bill has been approved by the Colorado House and is waiting to be considered by the Senate.

Dunn, who has previously served as an adviser for state legislators during bill drafting, has spent hours trying to understand what lawmakers intended when they approved bills by listening to committees and floor work. That process doesn’t always settle it though, because one lawmaker’s comments don’t necessarily represent the entire legislature’s understanding of a bill.

In one example, Dunn represented a client who shot a man on his patio near Steamboat Springs.

Dunn used Colorado’s “Make My Day” law, which allows homeowners to protect themselves from intruders, as a defense.

But Dunn’s challenge was that the law says to legally use deadly force, an intruder must have entered the person’s “dwelling,” which could or could not include a patio. Dunn won the case but said he never got a clear answer on how the legislature defined dwelling.

“You can’t always predict what sort of factual events will come up that drive an interpretation of language,” Dunn said.

Sometimes when a bill isn’t specific, it’s because state regulators, like those at the Department of Local Affairs, are charged with developing procedures later. That’s the case for some parts of Gov. Jared Polis’ recently released local land use bill.

But Dunn and Gardner caution that lawmakers can’t leave all the specifics to other authorities or the courts because eventually, it turns into its own version of policymaking.

“Courts really don’t like that at all,” Gardner said. “They wish we would be precise all the time so they don’t have to play at politics.”

Rep. Mike Weissman, an Aurora Democrat and lawyer, would prefer to see direct language in all bills.

“Wouldn’t we rather say what we actually meant in the first instance?” said Weissman, who is chair of the House Judiciary Committee.

House Bill 1190 is another bill with some vague language. It would give local governments a “right of first refusal” when multifamily residential properties are put up for sale.

Under the proposal, aimed at boosting affordable housing, local governments would have the right to match any acceptable offer for the property.

That offer would have to be “substantially economically identical” to the one made by a private buyer, but that phrase isn’t defined in the bill.

Rep. Andrew Boesenecker, a Fort Collins Democrat and prime sponsor of the bill, said the goal is to

SEE RENT, P23

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Legals

Misc. Private Legals

Public Notice

NOTICE OF DEFAULT AND FORECLOSURE SALE

WHEREAS, on May 23, 2005, a certain Deed of Trust was executed by Delia Torres, as Grantor, in favor of Financial Freedom Senior Funding Corporation, a Subsidiary of Indy Mac Bank, F.S.B., and the Public Trustee of Denver County, Colorado as Trustee, and was recorded on June 19, 2005, at Reception Number 2005100755, in the office of the Clerk and Recorder of the County of Denver, Colorado; and

WHEREAS, the Deed of Trust was insured by the United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (the Secretary) pursuant to the National Housing Act for the purpose of providing single family housing; and

WHEREAS, the beneficial interest of the Deed of Trust is now owned by the Secretary, pursuant to an assignment recorded on July 6, 2009 at Reception Number 2009084299 in the office of the Clerk and Recorder of the County of Denver Colorado.

WHEREAS, a default has been made in the covenants and conditions of the Deed of Trust in that Paragraph 9 (a) (i) has been violated; and

WHEREAS, the entire amount delinquent is $227,025.89 as of March 1, 2023; and

WHEREAS, by virtue of this default, the Secretary has declared the entire amount of the indebtedness secured by the Deed of Trust to be immediately due and payable;

NOW THEREFORE, pursuant to the powers vested in me by the Single Family Mortgage Foreclosure Act of 1994, 12 U.S.C. 3751 et seq., by 24 CFR part 27, subpart B, and by the Secretary’s designation of me as Foreclosure Commissioner, recorded on July 19, 2017 at Reception No. 2017094067 in the records of the Denver County Clerk and Recorder, notice is hereby given that on May 5, 2023 at 3:00 p.m.. local time, all real and personal property at or used in connection with the following described premises (“Property”) will be sold at public auction to the highest bidder:

THE NORTH 20 FEET OF THE WEST 77 FEET OF LOT 3, AND THE SOUTH 5 FEET OF THE WEST 77 FEET OF LOT 2 BLOCK 14, ELMWOOD ADDITION TO THE CITY OF DENVER, CITY AND COUNTY OF DENVER, STATE OF COLORADO.

Commonly known as: 674 Elati Street, Denver, Colorado 80204

The sale will be held on front steps of the City and County Building located at 1437 Bannock St., Denver, CO 80202.

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development will bid the lesser amount of the loan balance, or the appraised value obtained by the Secretary prior to sale.

There will be no proration of taxes, rents or other income or liabilities, except that the purchaser will pay, at or before closing, his prorated share of any real estate taxes that have been paid by the Secretary to the date of the foreclosure sale.

The remainder of the purchase price must be delivered within 30 days of the sale or at such other time as the Secretary may determine for good cause shown, time being of the essence. This amount, like the bid deposits, must be delivered in the form of a certified or cashier’s check. If the Secretary is the highest bidder, he need not pay the bid amount in cash. The successful bidder will pay all conveying fees, all real estate and other taxes that are due on or after the delivery date of the remainder of the payment and all other costs associated with the transfer of title. At the conclusion of the sale, the deposits of the unsuccessful bidders will be returned to them.

The Secretary may grant an extension of time within which to deliver the remainder of the payment. All extension will be for 15-day increments for a fee of $500.00, paid in advance. The extension fee shall be in the form of certified or cashier’s check made payable to the Secretary of HUD. If the high bidder closes the sale prior to the expiration of any extension period, the unused portion of the extension fee shall be applied toward the amount due.

If the high bidder is unable to close the sale within the required period, or within any extensions of time granted by the Secretary, the high bidder may be required to forfeit the cash deposit, or at the election of the foreclosure commissioner after consultation with the HUD representative, will be liable to HUD for any costs incurred as a result of such failure. The Commissioner may, at the direction of the HUD representative, offer the property to the second highest bidder for an amount equal to the highest price offered by that bidder. There is no right of redemption, or right of possession based upon a right of redemption, in the mortgagor or others subsequent to a foreclosure completed pursuant to the Act. Therefore, the Foreclosure Commissioner will issue a Deed to the purchaser(s) upon receipt of the entire purchase price in accordance with the terms of the sale as provided herein, HUD does not guarantee that the property will be vacant.

The scheduled foreclosure sale shall be cancelled or adjourned if it is established, by documented written application of the mortgagor to the Foreclosure Commissioner no less than three (3) days before the date of sale, or otherwise, that the default or defaults upon which the foreclosure is based did not exist at the time of service of this notice of default and foreclosure sale, or all amounts due under the mortgage agreement are tendered to the Foreclosure Commissioner, in the form of a certified cashier’s check payable to the Secretary of HUD, before the public auction of the property is completed.

The amount that must be paid if the mortgage is to be reinstated prior to the scheduled sale is $227,025.89 as of March 1, 2023, plus all other amounts that would be due under the mortgage agreement if payments under the deed of trust had not been accelerated, advertising costs and postage expenses incurred in giving notice, mileage by the most reasonable road distance for posting notices and for the Foreclosure Commissioner’s attendance at the sale, reasonable and customary costs incurred for title and lien record searches, the necessary out of pocket costs incurred by the Foreclosure Commissioner, and all other costs incurred in connection with the foreclosure prior to reinstatement.

Tender of payment by certified or cashier’s check or application for cancellation of the foreclosure sale shall be submitted to the address of the Foreclosure Commissioner provided below.

Dated: March 29, 2023

Deanne R. Stodden

Foreclosure Commissioner 1550 Wewatta Street, Suite 710 Denver, CO 80202

Telephone: (303) 623-4806

Email: foreclosure@messner.com

Legal Notice No. 82178

First Publication: April 13, 2023

Last Publication: April 27, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch Public Notice

TO: COURI JOHNSON: You are notified that you have 10 days after publication for this notice of levy to file your claim of exemption with the District Court of Denver County, 1437 Bannock, Room 256, Denver, CO 80202 in Case 2021CV031742 entitled: HB ENTERPRISES, LLC v. TREADSTONE ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, LLC and COURI JOHNSON, individually $7,438.24 garnished at Chase Bank, 5800 S. Parker Rd., Aurora, CO 80015

Legal Notice No. 82188

First Publication: April 20, 2023

Last Publication: May 18, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch Public Notice NOTICE OF DEFAULT AND FORECLOSURE SALE

WHEREAS, on September 7, 2004, a certain Deed of Trust was executed by Horace Hart, as Grantor, in favor of Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., and the Public Trustee of Denver County, Colorado as Trustee, and was recorded on September 21, 2004, at Reception Number 2004196375, in the office of the Clerk and Recorder of the County of Denver, Colorado; and

WHEREAS, the beneficial interest of the Deed of Trust is now owned by the Secretary, pursuant to an assignment recorded on July 26, 2018 at Reception Number 2018092262 in the office of the Clerk and Recorder of the County of Denver Colorado.

WHEREAS, a default has been made in the covenants and conditions of the Deed of Trust in that Paragraph 9 (a) (i) has been violated; and

WHEREAS, the entire amount delinquent is $294,067.61 as of March 1, 2023; and

WHEREAS, by virtue of this default, the Secretary has declared the entire amount of the indebtedness secured by the Deed of Trust to be immediately due and payable;

LOT 13, 14 AND THE NORTH 10 FEET OF THE LOT 15, BLOCK 7, STRAYER AND SHEPARD’S PARK HILL, CITY AND COUNTY OF DENVER, STATE OF COLORADO.

Commonly known as: 2840 Magnolia Street, Denver, CO 80207.

The sale will be held on front steps of the City and County Building located at 1437 Bannock St., Denver, CO 80202.

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development will bid the lesser amount of the loan balance, or the appraised value obtained by the Secretary prior to sale.

There is no right of redemption, or right of possession based upon a right of redemption, in the mortgagor or others subsequent to a foreclosure completed pursuant to the Act. Therefore, the Foreclosure Commissioner will issue a Deed to the purchaser(s) upon receipt of the entire purchase price in accordance with the terms of the sale as provided herein, HUD does not guarantee that the property will be vacant.

Tender of payment by certified or cashier’s check or application for cancellation of the foreclosure sale shall be submitted to the address of the Foreclosure Commissioner provided below.

Dated: March 29, 2023

Deanne R. Stodden

Foreclosure Commissioner 1550 Wewatta St., Ste. 710 Denver, CO 80202

Telephone: (303) 623-4806

Email: foreclosure@messner.com

Legal Notice No. 82179

First Publication: April 13, 2023

Last Publication: April 27, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch

To: First Mortgagees of Parcels in Monroe Chase Owners Association

Date: April 20, 2023 and April 27, 2023

Re: Notice of Proposed Declaration Amendment

The purpose of this notice is to provide written notice of the proposed Second Amendment to the Amended and Restated Declaration of Covenants, Conditions, Restrictions, Easements and Party Wall Agreement for Monroe Chase, Denver, Colorado (“Declaration Amendment”) to first mortgagees of Parcels within the community of Monroe Chase Owners Association (“Association”), pursuant to C.R.S. § 38-33.3-217(1)(b)(I).

The Association, through its Board of Directors and with assistance from legal counsel, has prepared the proposed Declaration Amendment to the existing Amended and Restated Declaration of Covenants, Conditions, Restrictions, Easements and Party Wall Agreement for Monroe Chase, which is located in the City and County of Denver, State of Colorado, and was recorded in the real property records of the City and County of Denver, Colorado on March 12, 2002 at Reception No. 2002049136, as it may have been amended and supplemented from time to time (“Declaration”).

The consent of fifty-one percent (51%) of first mortgagees is required to approve the proposed Declaration Amendment, pursuant to Article IX, Section 11.1(B) of the Declaration. The general purpose of the Declaration Amendment is to clarify insurance and maintenance responsibilities between Owners and the Association. The general nature of the Declaration Amendment is to amend the insurance responsibility of the Association to cover, in general, structural components of the Parcels, while amending the insurance responsibilities of Owners to cover, in general, the whole of the interior of the Parcel along with utilities. The Declaration Amendment also clarifies certain leasing restrictions, removes a requirement for mediation, and outlines responsibility for damage caused by the negligence of an Owner.

A first mortgagee shall be deemed to have approved the proposed Declaration Amendment, if said first mortgagee does not deliver to the Association a negative response within sixty (60) days after the date of this notice, pursuant to C.R.S. § 38-33.3-217(1)(b)(II). You may deliver your response in writing to the Association, c/o Moeller Graf, P.C., 385 Inverness Pkwy., Suite 200, Englewood, CO 80112, but you are not required to respond.

Please review this notice carefully. It may affect first mortgagees’ rights in the Lot(s) within the Association’s community in which first mortgagees may have an interest.

A copy of the proposed Declaration Amendment may be obtained by contacting Moeller Graf, P.C., at 720-279-2568 or via email at jhinson@moellergraf.com.

Legal Notice No. 82195

First Publication: April 20, 2023

Last Publication: April 27, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch

WHEREAS, on February 27, 2006, a certain Deed of Trust was executed by Leo Chavez, Sr. and Mary A. Chavez, as Grantors, in favor of Financial Freedom Senior Funding Corporation, a Subsidiary of Indy Mac Bank, F.S.B., and the Public Trustee of Denver County, Colorado as Trustee, and was recorded on March 15, 2006, at Reception Number 2006041435, in the office of the Clerk and Recorder of the County of Denver, Colorado; and

WHEREAS, the beneficial interest of the Deed of Trust is now owned by the Secretary, pursuant to an assignment recorded on February 3, 2014 at Reception Number 2014011210 in the office of the Clerk and Recorder of the County of Denver Colorado.

WHEREAS, a default has been made in the covenants and conditions of the Deed of Trust in that Paragraph 9 (a) (i) has been violated; and

WHEREAS, the entire amount delinquent is $314,996.52 as of March 1, 2023; and

WHEREAS, by virtue of this default, the Secretary has declared the entire amount of the indebtedness secured by the Deed of Trust to be immediately due and payable;

NOW THEREFORE, pursuant to the powers vested in me by the Single Family Mortgage Foreclosure Act of 1994, 12 U.S.C. 3751 et seq., by 24 CFR part 27, subpart B, and by the Secretary’s designation of me as Foreclosure Commissioner, recorded on July 19, 2017 at Reception No. 2017094067 in the records of the Denver County Clerk and Recorder, notice is hereby given that on May 5, 2023 at 3:00 p.m. local time, all real and personal property at or used in connection with the following described premises (“Property”) will be sold at public auction to the highest bidder:

LOT 2, BLOCK 76, HARVEY PARK ADDITION FILING NO. 12, CITY AND COUNTY OF DEN-

VER, STATE OF COLORADO

Commonly known as: 5060 W Vassar Ave., Denver, Colorado 80219.

The sale will be held on front steps of the City and County Building located at 1437 Bannock St., Denver, CO 80202.

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development will bid the lesser amount of the loan balance, or the appraised value obtained by the Secretary prior to sale.

When making their bids, all bidders except the Secretary must submit a deposit totaling 10% of the Secretary’s bid in the form of a certified check or cashier’s check made out to the Secretary of HUD. A deposit need not accompany each oral bid. If the successful bid is oral, a deposit of 10% of the Secretary’s bid must be presented before the bidding is closed. The deposit is nonrefundable. The remainder of the purchase price must be delivered within 30 days of the sale or at such other time as the Secretary may determine for good cause shown, time being of the essence. This amount, like the bid deposits, must be delivered in the form of a certified or cashier’s check. If the Secretary is the highest bidder, he need not pay the bid amount in cash. The successful bidder will pay all conveying fees, all real estate and other taxes that are due on or after the delivery date of the remainder of the payment and all other costs associated with the transfer of title. At the conclusion of the sale, the deposits of the unsuccessful bidders will be returned to them.

The amount that must be paid if the mortgage is to be reinstated prior to the scheduled sale is $314,996.52 as of March 1,2023, plus all other amounts that would be due under the mortgage agreement if payments under the deed of trust had not been accelerated, advertising costs and postage expenses incurred in giving notice, mileage by the most reasonable road distance for posting notices and for the Foreclosure Commissioner’s attendance at the sale, reasonable and customary costs incurred for title and lien record searches, the necessary out of pocket costs incurred by the Foreclosure Commissioner, and all other costs incurred in connection with the foreclosure prior to reinstatement.

Tender of payment by certified or cashier’s check or application for cancellation of the foreclosure sale shall be submitted to the address of the Foreclosure Commissioner provided below.

Dated: March 28, 2023

Deanne R. Stodden

Foreclosure Commissioner

1550 Wewatta Street, Suite 710 Denver, CO 80202

Telephone: (303) 623-4806

Email: foreclosure@messner.com

Legal Notice No. 82176

First Publication: April 13, 2023

Last Publication: April 27, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch Public Notice NOTICE OF DEFAULT AND FORECLOSURE SALE

WHEREAS, on July 25, 2011, a certain Deed of

Trust was executed by Carol Kurz, Successor Trustee of the John B. Kurz, Jr. Trust dated April 30, 1997, as Amended and Restated April 7, 2006, as Grantor, in favor of MetLife Home Loans, a Division of MetLife Bank, N.A., and the Public Trustee of Denver County, Colorado as Trustee, and was recorded on July 29, 2011, at Reception Number 2011082392, in the office of the Clerk and Recorder of the County of Denver, Colorado; and

WHEREAS, the beneficial interest of the Deed of Trust is now owned by the Secretary, pursuant to an assignment recorded on October 17, 2018 at Reception Number 2018134975 in the office of the Clerk and Recorder of the County of Denver Colorado.

WHEREAS, a default has been made in the covenants and conditions of the Deed of Trust in that Paragraph 9 (b) (i) has been violated; and

WHEREAS, the entire amount delinquent is $295,784.28 as of March 1, 2023; and

WHEREAS, by virtue of this default, the Secretary has declared the entire amount of the indebtedness secured by the Deed of Trust to be immediately due and payable;

NOW THEREFORE, pursuant to the powers vested in me by the Single Family Mortgage Foreclosure Act of 1994, 12 U.S.C. 3751 et seq., by 24 CFR part 27, subpart B, and by the Secretary’s designation of me as Foreclosure Commissioner, recorded on July 19, 2017 at Reception No. 2017094067 in the records of the Denver County Clerk and Recorder, notice is hereby given that on May 5, 2023 at 3:00 p.m. local time, all real and personal property at or used in connection with the following described premises (“Property”) will be sold at public auction to the highest bidder:

LOT 2, BLOCK 7, VIRGINIA VILLAGE, FILING

NO. 3 CITY AND COUNTY OF DENVER STATE OF COLORADO.

Commonly known as: 1290 S. Ivy Way, Denver, CO 80224.

The sale will be held on front steps of the City and County Building located at 1437 Bannock St., Denver, CO 80202.

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development will bid the lesser amount of the loan balance, or the appraised value obtained by the Secretary prior to sale.

The amount that must be paid if the mortgage is to be reinstated prior to the scheduled sale is $295,784.28 as of March 1, 2023, plus all other amounts that would be due under the mortgage agreement if payments under the deed of trust had not been accelerated, advertising costs and postage expenses incurred in giving notice, mileage by the most reasonable road distance for posting notices and for the Foreclosure Commissioner’s attendance at the sale, reasonable and customary costs incurred for title and lien record searches, the necessary out of pocket costs incurred by the Foreclosure Commissioner, and all other costs incurred in connection with the foreclosure prior to reinstatement.

Tender of payment by certified or cashier’s check or application for cancellation of the foreclosure sale shall be submitted to the address of the Foreclosure Commissioner provided below.

Dated: March 29, 2023

Foreclosure Commissioner Deanne R. Stodden 1550 Wewatta Street, Suite 710 Denver, CO 80202

Telephone: (303) 623-4806

Email: foreclosure@messner.com

Legal Notice No. 82177

First Publication: April 13, 2023

Last Publication: April 27, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch

Notice to Creditors

Public Notice

NOTICE TO CREDITORS

Estate of JEFFERY JOHN WHALEN, aka JEFFERY J. WHALEN, aka JEFF J. WHALEN, aka JEFF WHALEN, Deceased Case Number 2022PR31427

All persons having claims against the above named estate are required to present them to the personal representative or to Denver Probate Court of the City and County of Denver, Colorado on or before August 21, 2023 , or the claims may be forever barred.

Michael K. Obernesser. Reg. No. 38766

Attorney to the Personal Representative c/o Peakstone Law Group 5475 Tech Center Drive Suite 210 Colorado Springs, Colorado 80919

Legal Notice No. 82202

First Publication: April 20, 2023

Last Publication: May 4, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch

Public Notice

NOTICE TO CREDITORS

Estate of Ronald C. Hill, AKA Ronald Clyde Hill, AKA Ron Hill, AKA Ron Clyde Hill AKA Ron C. Hill, Deceased Case Number 2023PR30366

All persons having claims against the above named estate are required to present them to the personal representative or to the Denver Probate Court of the City and County of Denver, Colorado on or before August 21, 2023, or the claims may be forever barred.

Mary Kathleen Anstine Personal Representative c/o Mollie B. Hawes, Miller and Steiert, P.C. 1901 W. Littleton Blvd. Littleton, CO 80120

Legal Notice No. 82203

First Publication: April 20, 2023

Last Publication: May 4, 2023 Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch Public Notice NOTICE TO CREDITORS Estate of Thomas Robert Howes, a/k/a Thomas Howes, and Tommy Howes, Deceased, Case Number 23PR73

Randy Howes, Personal Representative 4367 S. Coors St. Morrison, CO 80465

Legal Notice No. 82159

First Publication: April 6, 2023 Last Publication: April 20, 2023 Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch Public Notice

TO CREDITORS Estate of Marienne Middleman, Deceased Case Number 2023PR30140

George Middleman, Personal Representative 7877 E. Mississippi Ave., #607 Denver, Colorado 80247

No.

Colette Ratcliff Grimshaw

Personal Representative 550 E. 12th Avenue, Unit 1504 Denver, CO 80203

Legal Notice No. 82170

First Publication: April 13, 2023

Last Publication: April 27, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch

PUBLIC NOTICE

NOTICE TO CREDITORS

Estate of Rose Mary Elizabeth Meier, aka Rose Mary Meier, aka Rosemary Meier, aka Rose Mary Pelster, Rose Mary Elizabeth Pelster, Deceased Case Number: 2023PR30327

All persons having claims against the abovenamed estate are required to present them to the Personal Representative or to the Denver Probate Court of the City and County of Denver, Colorado on or before August 21, 2023, or the claims may be forever barred.

Steven Paul Meier, Personal Representative 2717 South Marion Circle Denver, Colorado 80210

Legal Notice No. 82197

First Publication: April 20, 2023

Last Publication: May 4, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch

Public Notice

NOTICE TO CREDITORS

Estate of Dolores M. Kalber, a/k/a Dolores Kalber, a/k/a Dolores Marie Kalber, Deceased Case Number: 2023PR30310

Lori Jean Lucero, Personal Representative

Patrick R. Thiessen FRIE ARNDT DANBORN & THIESSEN 7400 Wadsworth Blvd., Suite 201 Arvada, Colorado 80003

Phone Number: (303) 420-1234

Attorney for Lori Jean Lucero

Personal Representative

Legal Notice No. 82167

First Publication: April 6, 2023

Last Publication: April 20, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch

NOTICE TO CREDITORS

Estate of CARMEN GREGORIA GARZA, a/k/a CARMEN GREGORIA LASSERRE, AND CARMEN LASSERRE, Deceased Case Number: 2023PR30375

Roger E. Whitsett

Personal Representative 693 South Clay Street Denver, Colorado 80219

Legal Notice No. 82200

First Publication: April 20, 2023

Last Publication: May 4, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch

NOTICE TO CREDITORS

Estate of Steven Mark Rochefort, Deceased Case Number: 2023PR30211

Joseph M. Rochefort

Personal Representative 411 Hilcrest Str. El Segundo California 90245

Legal Notice No. 82172

First Publication: April 13, 2023

Last Publication: April 27, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch

NOTICE TO CREDITORS

Estate of Ruby K. Coleman, also known as Ruby Kate Coleman, and Ruby Coleman Deceased Case Number: 2023PR30337

Nadya Vecchiet-Lambert, Esq.

Attorney to the Personal Representative 6855 South Havana Street, Suite 370 Centennial, CO 80112

Legal Notice No. 82166

All persons having claims against the abovenamed estate are required to present them to the personal representative or to the Denver Probate Court of the City and County of Denver, Colorado on or before August 6, 2023, or the claims may be forever barred.

BOKF, N.A., Personal Representative c/o Russell G. Gamble, Trust Officer, SVP 1600 Broadway, 4th Floor Denver, CO 80202

All persons having claims against the abovenamed estate are required to present them to the personal representative or to Denver Probate Court of the City and County of Denver, Colorado on or before August 6, 2023, or the claims may be forever barred.

Marlene Bittler Hewitt Personal Representative c/o Pearman Law Firm 4195 Wadsworth Blvd Wheat Ridge, CO 80033

Jo Bulow, a/k/a Judy B. Bulow, a/k/a Judy J. Bulow, a/k/a Judy Bulow, Deceased Case Number: 2023PR30090

Janelle Bulow, Personal Representative

Patrick R. Thiessen (40185)

FRIE, ARNDT, DANBORN & THIESSEN P.C. 7400 Wadsworth Blvd, Ste. 201 Arvada, CO 80003

Phone Number: 303-420-1234

Attorney for Janelle Bulow

Personal Representative

Legal Notice No. 82163

First Publication: April 6, 2023

Last Publication: April 20, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch

Public Notice

NOTICE TO CREDITORS

Estate of Evan Thomas Wissing, a/k/a Evan T. Wissing, a/k/a Evan Wissing, Deceased Case Number: 2023PR30433

All persons having claims against the abovenamed estate are required to present them to the personal representative or to Denver Probate Court of the City and County of Denver, Colorado on or before August 20, 2023 or the claims may be forever barred.

Katy Uhl, Personal Representative 1330 S Washington, Denver CO 80210

Legal Notice No. 82196

First Publication: April 20, 2023

Last Publication: May 4, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch Public Notice

NOTICE TO CREDITORS

Estate of JACQUELINE C. HELLER, a/k/a JACQUELINE CHARDON HELLER, Deceased Case Numbe: 2023PR30221

Lawrence C. Heller, Personal Representative 8247 San Benito Way Dallas, TX 75218

Legal Notice No. 82164

First Publication: April 6, 2023

Last Publication: April 20, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch

Public Notice

NOTICE TO CREDITORS

Estate of Gilbert Y. Marchand, also known as Gilbert Yaeger Marchand, and Gilbert Marchand, Deceased Case Number 2022PR031657

All persons having claims against the above named estate are required to present them to the personal representative or to the Denver Probate Court of the City and County of Denver, Colorado on or before September 15, 2023 or the claims may be forever barred.

Mary Ellen Marchand, Personal Representative 2552 E. Alameda Avenue, Unit 16 Denver, CO 80209

Legal Notice No. 82201

First Publication: April 20, 2023

Last Publication: May 4, 2023

Publisher: Douglas County News-Press

Public Notice

NOTICE TO CREDITORS

Estate of Kristi Lou Peeples, a/k/a Kristi L. Peeples a/k/a Kristi Peeples, Deceased Case Number: 2023PR30306

All persons having claims against the abovenamed estate are required to present them to the Personal Representative or to the Denver Probate Court, City and County of Denver, State of Colorado, on or before August 14, 2023, or the claims may be forever barred.

William Charles Peeples, Personal Representative 24900 WA County Road 1 Flagler, CO 80815

Legal Notice No. 82157

First Publication: April 6, 2023 Last Publication: April 20, 2023 Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch Public Notice

NOTICE TO CREDITORS The Estate of: JOSEPH MITCHELL OLMEDO, SR. aka Joseph M. Olmedo, Sr., aka Joseph Olmedo, Sr., aka Joseph Mitchell Olmedo, aka Joseph M. Olmedo, aka Joseph Olmedo, aka Joe Olmedo, Deceased Case Number: 2023PR30309

All persons having claims against the abovenamed estate are required to present them to the personal representative or to Denver Probate Court of the City and County of Denver, Colorado on or before August 15, 2023, or the claims may be forever barred.

Susan Mickus: Attorney for Personal Representative Jon A Olmedo Skipton Law 2 Inverness Drive East, Suite 102 Englewood, CO 80112

Legal Notice No. 82173

First Publication: April 13, 2023

Last Publication: April 27, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch Public Notice

NOTICE TO CREDITORS Estate of Andrew P. Woolfolk II, Deceased Case Number: 2023PR30181

All persons having claims against the abovenamed estate are required to present them to the personal representative or to the Denver Probate Court of the City and County of Denver, Colorado on or before August 13, 2023, or the claims may be forever barred.

Dana R. Woolfolk

Co-Personal Representative 8680 E Duke Pl Denver CO 80231

Co-Personal Representative Kimberly L. Woolfolk-King 7958 Vassar Dr. Denver CO 80231

Legal Notice No. 82182

First Publication: April 13, 2023

Last Publication: April 27, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch Public Notice

NOTICE TO CREDITORS Estate of Casey Daniel Rozmarynoski, a/k/a Casey D. Rozmarynoski, Deceased Case Number: 2023PR30403

Marcy and James Merner Personal Representative 37 45 Rolling Heights Oneida WI 54155

Legal Notice No. 82197

First Publication: April 20, 2023

Last Publication: May 4, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch Public Notice

NOTICE TO CREDITORS Estate of CHRISTOPHER STEWART REAMY; a.k.a. CHRISTOPHER S. REAMY; a.k.a. CHRISTOPHER REAMY; CHRIS REAMY, Deceased

Case Number: 2023 PR 30277

All persons having claims against the abovenamed estate are required to present them to the personal representative or to Denver Probate Court of the City and County of Denver, Colorado on or before August 21, 2023, or the claims may be forever barred.

Scott H. Challinor, Attorney for Mariami Reamy, Personal Representative 6161 S. Syracuse Way, Suite 270 Greenwood Village, Colorado 80111

Legal Notice No. 82192

First Publication: April 20, 2023

Last Publication: May 4, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch Public Notice

Number: 2023PR30251

All persons having claims against the above named estate are required to present them to the

Stan M. Kimble, P.C. Stan M. Kimble,

NOTICE TO CREDITORS Estate of Sonya Z. Botiller, a/k/a Sonya Botiller, Deceased Case No: 2023PR30197

All persons having claims against the abovenamed estate are required to present them to the prevent a seller from favoring an o er from a private buyer over a government buyer without good reason.

“It needs to be reasonably broad in order to give a potential buyer, in this case, a public entity, the ability to make an o er that should be considered as equal,” he said. “Otherwise, you’re going to end up going through the minutiae of being able to nd one sentence that’s di erent and use that as a reason to say that the o ers were not equal.”

But there is a risk in using broad language. If a judge feels that a law is too di cult to interpret, they can deem it “void for vagueness,” Soper said.

Gardner said he’s seen a lot of legislation this session that could leave Coloradans confused about how to comply.

Russ Carparelli, a former Colorado Court of Appeals judge, sees it as part of the judiciary’s role to interpret unclear language from the legislature but that judges should also steer clear of trying to understand what an entire legislative body intended to do when passing a bill.

“If they write poorly, we’re stuck with it,” he said. “We’ve got to enforce it as they wrote it — as they wrote it poorly. at’s just the way it is. at’s the law.”

Poorly written bills have caused problems for the legislature in the past, with errors requiring lawmakers to revisit policies to correct issues.

In 2017, for instance, lawmakers passed a bill that unintentionally blocked dozens of government entities, like the Regional Transportation District and Scienti c and Cultural Facilities District, from collecting revenue from the state’s recreational marijuana sales tax. Lawmakers had

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Public Notices

Personal Representative or to the Denver Probate Court, City and County of Denver, Colorado, on or before August 14, 2023, or the claims may be forever barred.

Nancy S. Botiller, Personal Representative

3063 S. Steele St. Denver, CO 80210

Legal Notice No. 82183

First Publication: April 13, 2023

Last Publication: April 27, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch

Public Notice

NOTICE TO CREDITORS

Estate of H. Thomas Arnett, aka Howard Thomas Arnett, Howard T. Arnett, Thomas Arnett and Tom Arnett, Deceased

Case Number: 2023PR30299

Kristi Radosevich Attorney to the Personal Representative PO Box 2708, Elizabeth, CO 80107

Legal Notice No. 82204

First Publication: April 20, 2023

Last Publication: May 4, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch

Public Notice

NOTICE TO CREDITORS

Estate of Robert Dexter Harry, M.D., aka Robert Dexter Harry, aka Robert D. Harry, and Robert Harry, Deceased

Case Number: 2023PR030392

Michael Thomas Harry

Personal Representative

3773 Gill Drive Denver, Colorado 80209

Legal Notice No. 82171

First Publication: April 13, 2023

Last Publication: April 27, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch

Public Notice

NOTICE TO CREDITORS

Estate of Kathleen M. Fiore, Deceased

Case Number: 2023PR7 to come back for a special session to attempt to x the mistake. ( e special session was unsuccessful.) is year, House Speaker Julie McCluskie has brought a bill to x a mistake in a measure passed in 2022 that accidentally limited a housing grant program to making a single grant. e x allows for grants — plural — to be made.

All persons having claims against the abovenamed estate are required to present them to the personal representative or to the Denver Probate Court of the City and County of Denver, Colorado on or before August 14, 2023, or the claims may be forever barred.

Most lawmakers aren’t attorneys e vast majority of lawmakers in Colorado’s citizen legislature aren’t coming to bill drafting with a background in law. ey are part-time politicians who typically work in the private sector when the legislature isn’t in session.

While some have legal experience, many come from careers in activism, education, business or engineering. ere are ranchers, farmers, an emergency room nurse, a musician and a pharmacist among the chambers’ members.

Rep. Lorena Garcia, an Adams education.

Now, The Colorado Sun co-owns this and other Colorado Community Media newspapers as a partner in the Colorado News Conservancy. The Sun is CCM’s partner for

Randy A. Meier, Personal Representative

Patrick R. Thiessen (40185) Frie, Arndt, Danborn & Thiessen P.C. 7400 Wadsworth Blvd., #201 Arvada, Colorado 80003 303/420-1234

Attorney for Personal Representative

Legal Notice No. 82165

First Publication: April 6, 2023

Last Publication: April 20, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch

Public Notice

NOTICE TO CREDITORS is story is from e Colorado Sun, a journalist-owned news outlet based in Denver and covering the state. For more, and to support e Colorado Sun, visit coloradosun.com. e Colorado Sun is a partner in the Colorado News Conservancy, owner of Colorado Community Media. statewide news.

County Democrat, is in her rst year at the Capitol. She was an activist and nonpro t leader before running for o ce.

Without legal training, she said she works to ensure she won’t be tripped up by complex language when drafting her bills, many of which are complicated policy areas like the legislature’s ability to issue subpoenas and immigrants’ ability to access public bene ts.

“We have turned courts into lawmakers, and that’s not what they should be. But we’ve allowed that and we’ve encouraged that by being vague,” Garcia said.

For Colorado Sun stories, opinions and more, and to support The Sun’s misssion as a member or subscriber, visit coloradosun. com.

4 Garden Center #200 Broomfield, Colorado 80020

Legal Notice No. 82175

First Publication: April 13, 2023

Last Publication: April 27, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch Public Notice

NOTICE TO CREDITORS

Estate of William Paul Trinen, a/k/a William P. Trinen, a/k/a Bill Trinen, Deceased Case Number: 2023PR30285

NOTICE TO CREDITORS

Estate of TERRENCE A. OKUMURA, a/k/a TERRENCE AKIRA OKUMURA, AND TERRENCE OKUMURA, Deceased

Case Number: 2023PR30343

William T. Okumura aka Pete Pittenger Deceased Case Number: 2023 PR 30371

All persons having claims against the abovenamed estate are required to present them to the personal representative or to Denver Probate Court of the City and County of Denver, Colorado on or before August 21, 2023, or the claims may be forever barred.

Matthew Dean Pittenger, Co-Personal Representative c/o Katz, Look & Onorato, P.C.

1120 Lincoln Street, Suite 1100 Denver, Colorado 80203

Legal Notice No. 82194

First Publication: April 20, 2023

Last Publication: May 4, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch Public Notice

NOTICE TO CREDITORS

Estate of Morris D. Troy, a/k/a Morris Daniel Troy, a/k/a Morris Troy, a/k/a Morey Troy, Deceased Case Number : 2023PR030374

Joan M. Troy, Personal Representative of the Estate of Morris D. Troy 183 S. Pontiac St. Denver, CO 80230

Legal Notice No. 82199

First Publication: April 20, 2023

Last Publication: May 4, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch Public Notice

NOTICE TO CREDITORS Estate of Wilfird C. Meier, aka Wilfird Meier, aka Wilfird Charles Meier, aka Bill Meier, Deceased Case Number: 2023PR030313

All persons having claims against the above named estate are required to present them to the personal representative to Denver Probate Court of the City and County of Denver, Colorado on or before August 11, 2023, or the claims may be forever barred.

Estate of DOUGLAS SCOTT NORMALI, a/k/a DOUGLAS S. NORMALI, a/k/a DOUGLAS NORMALI, Deceased Case Number: 2023PR30160

Dianne Michener, Personal Representative c/o Opfer Campbell Beck, P.C. 19751 East Mainstreet, Suite 215 Parker, CO 80138

Legal Notice No. 82193

First Publication: April 20, 2023

Last Publication: May 4, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch Public Notice

NOTICE TO CREDITORS

Estate of Marilyn Joyce Harring, also known as Marilyn J. Harring, Deceased Case Number 2023PR30113?

Case Number: 2023PR30301?

All persons having claims against the abovenamed estate are required to present them to the Personal Representative or to the Denver Probate Court on or before August 6, 2023, or the claims may be forever barred.

Reinold Joseph Jones, IV

Personal Representative 4385 So. Elati St. Englewood, Colorado 80110

Legal Notice No. 82162

First Publication: April 6, 2023

Last Publication: April 20, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch Public Notice

NOTICE TO CREDITORS

Estate of Irene Sigrid Staerz, aka Irene Staerz, Deceased Case Number: 2023PR30279

All persons having claims against the abovenamed estate are required to present them to the personal representative or to Denver Probate Court of the City and County of Denver, Colorado on or before August 14 2023, or the claims may be forever barred.

Uwe D. Staerz Personal Representative c/o Schafer Thomas Maez PC,

Maya D. Pingle, Personal Representative 2495 S. Columbine Street Denver, CO 80210

Legal Notice No. 82158

First Publication: April 6, 2023

Last Publication: April 20, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch Public Notice

NOTICE TO CREDITORS

Estate of Amanda Mary Malone, a/k/a Amanda M. Malone, and Amanda Malone, Deceased Case Number: 2023PR30260

Peter J. Malone, Personal Representative 4445 Longhorn Bow Mar, CO 80123

Legal Notice No. 82156

First Publication: April 6, 2023

Last Publication: April 20, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch Public Notice

NOTICE TO CREDITORS

Estate of Patricia Connors Houlihan, a/k/a Patsy Connors Houlihan, Deceased

Case Number: 2023PR30346

All persons having claims against the above named estate are required to present them to the personal representative or to the Probate Court of the City & County of Denver, Colorado or on or before August 13, 2023, or the claims may be forever barred.

Thomas M. Houlihan Personal Representative 3021 S. Gilpin St. Denver, CO 80210

Legal Notice No. 82185

First Publication: April 13, 2023

Last Publication: April 27, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch Public Notice

Personal Representative 80292 Moonshadow Drive Indio, California 92201

Legal Notice No. 82190

First Publication: April 20, 2023

Last Publication: May 4, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch Public Notice

NOTICE TO CREDITORS

Estate of Carrie Elizabeth Gayles, aka Carrie E. Gayles, aka Carrie Gayles, Deceased Case Number: 2023PR30282

Carlton E. Gayles, Personal Representative c/o Schafer Thomas Maez PC, 4 Garden Center #200 Broomfield, Colorado 80020

Legal Notice No. 82174

First Publication: April 13, 2023

Last Publication: April 27, 2023

Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch Public Notice

NOTICE TO CREDITORS

Estate of JUNE LARAE PRINCE, aka JUNE L. PRINCE, aka JUNE PRINCE, Deceased Case Number: 2023PR30364

All persons having claims against the abovenamed estate are required to present them to the personal representative or to the Denver Probate Court of the City and County of Denver, Colorado on or before August 20, 2023, or the claims may be forever barred.

Tiffany Burnham, Personal Representative c/o 3i Law, LLC 2000 S. Colorado Blvd. Tower 1, Suite 10000 Denver, CO 80222

Legal Notice No. 82191

First Publication: April 20, 2023 Last Publication: May 4, 2023 Publisher: Denver Herald-Dispatch ###

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