The EDR Summit 2024 Presentations by Collision Publishing

Proceedings of the 2024 edr user’s summit

the collected, distributable materials from the 2024 EDR user’s summit

The User’s Summit Presentations • The EDR User’s SummitTM 2024 is in the books and I know everyone’s eager to get their copies of the presentations and that’s what this special issue contains. Unlike a regular issue of Collision Magazine, you can download a copy of this 1000+ page issue in PDF format and save it to your computer. It is, however, protected to protect the work of the authors. Understand that slides with videos don’t work well in PDF and several authors wanted to protect their proprietary video work so videos have been removed. • For those who attended the Summit, you should also separately receive replacement Summit certificates. Unless those who attended the Summit failed to verify their email address at the summit, or if our emails are being blocked, some may not have received the notice. Check with those you know who attended and pass the link to this document along to them if necessary. Knowing that many of the same speakers will be presenting at later meetings this year, we considered delaying the distribution of these PDFs because they would preemptively be the same material but those who attended The Summit in Houston deserved to have a copy as soon as the presenters gave us all their final versions. • Of course, the highlight of the EDR User’s Summit was the first public opportunity for our community to see and explore the 2024 Tesla Cybertruck live, first hand. Feedback shows those at the Summit were pretty excited about the Cybertruck being there from day one and hearing about the data retrieval potential! For the 2025 Summit…who knows what we’ll be able to set up!

February 5-7, 2024

The User’s Summit Presentations • Now, we start making plans for the 2025 EDR user’s Summit. At this point, we’re planning for around February-March 2025, likely returning to the Sheraton in Houston (we’re actively working with the hotel on dates for 2025). Potential speakers have already been lining up. Additional announcements will be made later and we’ll be opening opportunities up to other speakers. Representative subjects and new research will always, of course, be welcome. Stay up-to-date with our progress as we revamp the website for The EDR User’s SummitTM for 2025.

- Rakel Arnardottir, Publisher, Collision Magazine

February 5-7, 2024

Index of Summit Presentations 5

CDR - Past, Present & Future - Bill Rose

29 GM Vehicle Systems and their EDRs - Don Floyd 197 FCM Data – Practical Application - Jason Chilson 257 Toyota Safety Sense (TSS) testing and research of VCH, PCS-O and PCS-I - Tim Reust and Jim Morgan 407 Heavy Vehicle EDR - The new, the annoying, and the ugly - Charles Getz, P.E.

February 5-7, 2024

461 Mobile Forensics: Correlating Digital Data Between Mobile Phones, Phone Records, and Vehicle Systems - Shanon Burgess 591 ATSPM / EDR - Automated Traffic Signal Performance Measures and EDR - Ramon Homan 651 ASCM / FCM – CDR Data Application - Tommy Beetham 683 Toyota Vehicle Control History - Russ Casella 745 EDR Data Verification Case Studies - Chris J. Medwell, P.E.

Index of Summit Presentations 795 Hyundai & Kia Update and Systems Overview - Shawn Gyorke and Michael DiTallo 867 Vehicle System Forensics - Wesley Vandiver 919 Nissan Data Polarity and “Clipping” - Donald R. Phillips, P.E. and W. R. Rusty Haight 973 Tesla CAN Bus data - W. R. Rusty Haight and Christine Garcia

February 5-7, 2024

FEB 5, 2024

As presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

1.Introduction 2.What’s New since the Virtual EDR Summit in 2022? 3.Product Updates (highlights) 4.What’s Coming

As presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

Bill Rose Bosch Automotive Service Solutions Global Product Manager responsible for the CDR Tool (worldwide)

Bosch Automotive Service Solutions Inc. - Owatonna, Minnesota, USA

 Located in Central Coast, California

Managed product and development since 2005  Then only 2 OEMs  To date, CDR Tool now supports 25 OEMs (worldwide)

Engineering based out of Owatonna 3 Minnesota and Bangalore India. Internal | Automotive Service Solutions | AA-AS/PAS-PDS1 | 2024-02-05 © 2024 Bosch Automotive Service Solutions Inc. and affiliates. All rights reserved.

Bosch Global Software Technologies Private Limited Bangalore, India

As presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

 Launch of the CDR Next Generation application  Added new engineering resources (worldwide) to support the backlog of CDR software and CDR cable development  The CDR 900 is now being shipped from Plochingen Germany resolving delivery/Shortage issues  Bosch posted 12 releases since July 2022

 October 2022 -> 23.0

 July 2023 -> 23.2

 October 2022 -> 23.0.1

 August 2023 -> 23.2.1

 November 2022 -> 23.0.2

 October 2023 -> 23.3

 March 2023 -> 23.1

 November 2023 -> 23.3.1

 May 2023 -> 23.1.1

 November 2023 ->23.3.381(CDR2)

 June 2023 -> 23.1.2

 December 2024 -> 23.3.1

As presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

 Bosch changed the version numbering strategy of CDR software releases (starting in 2024)  Originally, the major revision reflected the number of OEMs that were supported by the CDR tool but this method was somewhat ambiguous and hard to keep track of for various reasons (e.g., Stellantis (FCA, MPSA, Fiat, etc.)  Starting in 2024, CDR versions will be determined by the following MV.VV.P:  The major version is the Year [MV]  The minor version [VV] is the count for the year, starting at 0 and restarting the first release of the year  Patch revision [P] is the number of the patch for the current major + minor version 5

2024 year

First major release of the year

1st patch of release 24.0

As presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

 CDR CANplus can no longer be manufactured  September 2023, last sales of CANplus kits  Due to end-of-life components  Bosch is working on a plan to migrate coverage to CDR 900 starting 2024

 CDR CABLE NEWS  The following CDR cables were released in 2020~2022 however, are not available at this time ‒ 1699200985 Cable, ID852, CDR GM ACM (released in 23.0 and AVAILABLE for sale) ‒ 1699503637 Cable, ID854, CDR GM ASCM3 (released in 23.0 and AVAILABLE for sale)

 The following CDR cables were released but not yet available during the last meeting. Now, these cables are available and have been in the market since 2022: ‒ 1699200837 Cable, ID844, CDR Subaru ACM 3 (released 19.4 AVAILABLE) 1699200839 Cable, ID846, CDR Honda ACM (released 19.4 AVAILABLE) 1699200787 Cable, ID841, CDR Daimler ACM (requires CDR 500 Adapter) (released 19.6 AVAILABLE ) 1699503814 Cable, ID858, CDR Maserati / Ferrari ACM (released 21.4 AVAILABLE ) 1699503636 Cable, ID859, CDR Lucid ACM (released 21.4 AVAILABLE ) 6

As presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

 23.0  CDR 900 and CDR 500 firmware update  CDR 500 firmware needs to be updated to support direct to module downloads from BMW ACSM6 ECUs  New Cable ID852 CDR GM ACM (P/N 1699200985) ‒ Direct-to-module cable for downloading EDR data from late model ‒ General Motors vehicles

 New Cable ID854 GM ASCM3 (P/N 1699503637) ‒ Direct-to-module cable for downloading event data from late model ASCM systems

 23.1  CDR 900 firmware update for support of Mercedes-Benz ADAS support  Added EDR readout for Mercedes-Benz ADAS (Drive Pilot) vehicles (only CDR report capability) 7

As presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

 23.2  Released CDR2 (CDR Next Gen)  Installed as a bundled with CDR legacy with CDR2  Mercedes-Benz EQS/S-Class > ADAS EDR Event Animation support: For each recorded event, the CDR Tool enables end users to animate the objects detected by the vehicle recorded in the EDR data retrieved by the tool and place them relative to the vehicle and lane marker information recorded by the system  Need to activate both CDR and CDR3 with the same activation certificate (Overview of the CDR2 application in a coming slide)

 23.3  Address installation issues with security policies causing CDR2 not to get installed  Added EDR readout for Mercedes-Benz ADAS (Drive Pilot) vehicles (only CDR report capability)

As presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

Minimum System Requirements  PC Hardware ‒ To install and run the CDR & CDR2 software, your PC must meet the minimum hardware requirements listed below: ‒ Processor Speed: 2.0GHZ or faster ‒ RAM: 8GB or greater ‒ Disk Space: 500GB or greater ‒ Video Resolution: 1028x768 or higher

‒ 2 open USB ports (one for CDR interface and the other for CDR 900 wireless setup & for use with CDR 500; both USB ports must be enabled to read USB mass storage devices)

 Supported Operating Systems ‒ CDR software is currently supported on Windows® 10/11 (64 bit) operating systems with the minimum version requirements: ‒ Windows® 11 ‒ Windows® 10 - Win 10 build 1507 or later

As presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

 Released July 13, 2023 in CDR v23.3  Bundled release, includes CDR (Legacy) and CDR2 (NextGen)  CDR2 application is a brand-new application 

new user interface



vehicles year/make/model selection



vehicle information stored in the CDR report

 Utilizes the CDR 900 and CDR 500 (FlexRay adapter)  CDR legacy app is used to determine CDR2 application support, simply click on CDR2 and the app will open  Initial vehicles supported in CDR2: 

US market: ‒ 2024 Mazda CX-30, CX-5, CX-50, CX-70, Mazda3 and MX-5 ‒ 2023~2024 Mercedes ADAS system on certain EQS and S-Class vehicles



EU Market ‒ 2024 Alfa Romeo Giulia, Stelvio, and Tonale ‒ 2023 Fiat Ducato ‒ 2024 Jeep Renegade ‒ 2023 Mazda Mazda3 and MX-5

‒

As presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

Launch CDR Legacy application Vehicle requires CDR2 Click CDR2

As presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

CDR2 landing pages is launched Select year, make and model, then enter the VIN Enter case info and comments

As presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

Click a module to download

CDR tool starts the download, runs 3 passes and saves the file as a .CDRnx file extension utilizing the same naming convention as legacy CDR

As presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

The CDR report retrieves data from Mercedes-Benz vehicles equipped with the Level 3 DRIVE PILOT which can record data for up to 5 events Drive Pilot vehicles are equipped with an Intelligent Drive Controller (IDC) that is capable of storing sensor data relevant to the operation of the vehicle during autonomous driving. Event types recorded  “detected collision” (Stage 2 Trigger) ‒ Stage 2 events cannot be overwritten

 “unusual longitudinal driving dynamics” (Stage 1 Trigger). ‒ Stage 1 events are stored into memory but (the oldest) can be overwritten by other events. 14

As presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

 The recorded sensor data is based on a vehicle coordinate system with coordinate origin at the center of the front bumper  Left and right supposed road marker boundaries are recorded and marked relative the vehicle  A selection of objects relevant to the driving strategies of the DRIVE PILOT system are displayed in the vehicle coordinate system.  The DRIVE PILOT status and driving relevant data is also stored, e.g. vehicle speed.  Events are imaged by the CDR tool in chronological order (e.g. the first event is the most recent one) and the "begin event" or time stamp 0 (t0) is initiated by a Stage 1 or Stage 2 trigger.  The data is stored as a time series format starting with -30 second through 5 seconds at a sampling rate of 5Hz (every 20 milliseconds).  Multiple Events:

 Data recorded by the IDC Control Module and imaged by the CDR tool is displayed relative to t0, NOT necessarily the time at which the vehicle made contact with another vehicle or object and vehicle crash events may result in one or more stored events. Internal | Automotive Service Solutions | AA-AS/PAS-PDS1 | 2024-02-05 © 2024 Bosch Automotive Service Solutions Inc. and affiliates. All rights reserved.

As presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

The CDR Tool retrieves all recorded events and saves the data in the .CDRnx file The CDR report translates and displays all relevant data elements (over 160 DE’s for up to 176 samples) in the CDR report for all samples -30 through +5 seconds at 20 ms sample The data can be exported as a CSV for further analysis The CDR tool offers a “animation view” of each recorded event and displays all objects, lane markers, velocity and other relevant data for each recorded sample.

The animation can be displayed in real-time, fast forward, reversed and stepped through one sample at a time Animation can be saved as a MP4 format to be played by a generic video Internal | Automotive Service Solutions | AA-AS/PAS-PDS1 | 2024-02-05 © 2024 Bosch Automotive Service Solutions Inc. and affiliates. All rights reserved.

As presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

MP4 files can be created for each event

Animation of each recorded event

As presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

CDR report

CSV export

As presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

Starting 2Q/2024 through end of year  Cable ID851, CDR Driver Cam (xFCA cable)  Cable ID863, CDR Mazda ACM  Cable ID860, CDR, BMW ACM 5  Cable ID864, CDR, VWG ACM  Cable ID871, CDR Stellantis ACM

In the queue for later this year and next  1 new Toyota cable  1 new Ford cable  1 new xFCA (Stellantis)  2 new GM active safety system cables 20

 Cable ID861, CDR VWG ACM 6  Cable ID856, CDR, GM, FCM1  Cable ID855, CDR, GM, ASCM 4  Cable ID869, Volvo/Polestar ACM

As presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

 Bosch no longer manufacture CANplus modules since 3Q 2023 due to end-of-life electronic components  Many older OEM systems are supported only by the CANplus module (GM, Ford, Chrysler/Jeep/Dodge, Mazda and Nissan vehicles)  Work is in progress to migrate select OEM and Vehicle Coverage to CDR 900 starting with MY2010 and newer vehicles  Migrated CANplus vehicle coverage will be supported by CDR 900 + CDR legacy PC application software, but not in CDR2 (NextGen)  Bosch plans to start releasing migrated vehicle coverage starting Q3 or 2024  It may take through 2025 to complete planned coverage migration

As presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

Second phase of the CDR2 application development is to integrate the Legacy CDR application with CDR2 CDR legacy will be running as a service to the CDR2 (SaaS) This allows the user to launch only one CDR application and when the use of the legacy software is required, CDR2 will call CDR legacy software services to tightly integrate both applications Converge the content of the CDR Help File’s “Vehicle and Cable Lookup” data directly into the CDR2 software application Project started 2024 22

Bosch CDR DLC Tool Kit The Bosch CDR DLC Tool Kit contains all hardware required to perform a DLC/OBD retrieval of EDR data supported by the Bosch CDR 900 VCI as stated in the Bosch CDR Help File. This package also includes a 1-year Bosch CDR software license. The Bosch CDR DLC Tool Kit currently supports the largest number of vehicle manufacturers in North America.

February 5-7, 2024

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PREMIUM SUMMIT SPONSOR

February 5-7, 2024

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GM Vehicle Systems and their EDRs Don Floyd General Motors

February 5-7, 2024

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Don Floyd • Employed by General Motors for over 30 years • Working as the Global CDR Tool lead and Vehicle Data Expert • Involved in vehicle crash data collection since the mid nineties • Worked in vehicle diagnostic and electronic communications • Vice chairman of the SAE EDR Committee • Working on proposed and developing global EDR regulations • Authored publications on crash data recording and EDRs • Bachelor degree from the University of Michigan (Go Blue!) February 5-7, 2024

Slide 2

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

Agenda

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• Pedestrian Protection System and EDR Overview • Airbag Control Module EDR updates • Front Camera Modules and their EDRs • Active Safety Control Modules and their EDRs

February 5-7, 2024

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Pedestrian Protection System and EDR Overview GM Vehicle Systems and Their EDRs

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What are Pedestrian Protection Systems?

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Pedestrian Protection Systems • There are two types of Pedestrian Protection systems, also known as PedPro systems • Passive systems • Active systems

February 5-7, 2024

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Pedestrian Protection Systems • Passive Systems • Vehicle has designed crush space and/or deformable members to manage head energy without the need to deploy a protective device

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Passive System

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Pedestrian Protection Systems • Active Systems • Vehicle has a system to raise the hood to generate crush space for head impacts • Two-point lift – Hood hinges at rear of hood deploy with pyrotechnic devices, non-resettable • Three-point lift – Hood hinges at rear of hood and hood latch at front of hood deploy with pyrotechnics devices, non-resettable • Additionally, the vehicle may have an airbag that deploys on the outside of the windshield to provide head protection for pedestrians February 5-7, 2024

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Active Systems

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Active Systems

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Undeployed Hood Hinge

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Deployed Hood Hinge

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Hinge Only

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Hinge Deploy

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Hinge Deploy

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Active Pedestrian Protection System Components

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Active Pedestrian Protection System Components

Pressure sensors and tube assembly

Pressure sensor

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Active Pedestrian Protection System Components

• A foam structure is used to support the pressure sensors and tube assembly February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Active Pedestrian Protection System Components

• The foam structure is located behind the vehicle’s front fascia February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Pressure Sensor Locations

P-SAT

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Active Pedestrian Protection System Components

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How Do the Active Pedestrian Protection System Work?

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Pedestrian Protection Systems • Systems Overview • When the sensor tube is compressed, a signal is generated at the pressure sensors • That signal is sent to the module that commands PedPro system deployments • PedPro algorithm and control is integrated into the SDM

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Pedestrian Protection Systems • Systems Overview • Only controls PedPro systems and has no influence on occupant restraints • Barrier type impacts should not deploy PedPro system but may record a non-deployment PedPro event • Vehicle speed must be within a program specific active speed range

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Pedestrian Protection Systems • Vehicle Speed Usage • At speeds under the low-speed threshold, the system will Not deploy regardless of the pressure signal input • The low-speed threshold is selected based on the highest speed the head impact tests can be run with an un-deployed hood and still have acceptable head impact test values

February 5-7, 2024

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Pedestrian Protection Systems • Vehicle Speed Usage • At speeds over the high-speed threshold, the system will Not deploy regardless of the pressure signal • The high-speed threshold is set by the Euro NCAP test protocol. It prevents a deployment at an impact speed of 50 km/h or higher.

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Pedestrian Protection Systems • Vehicle Speed Usage • At speeds between the low-speed threshold and the high-speed threshold, the system is designed to deploy based on the pressure signal • Calibration thresholds may be adjusted based on speed • Lower pressures are required for lower speed impacts • Higher pressures are required for higher speed impacts

February 5-7, 2024

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Signals Used for PedPro Event Discrimination

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Pedestrian Protection Systems • Pressure signals • Is the main discrimination signal • Magnitude is used for things like Algorithm Enable • Duration of time over thresholds may be used for enhancing discrimination decisions along with other criteria • Differences from left and right pressure sensors can be used to determine impact location

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Pedestrian Protection Systems • Vehicle Speed • Is used for active speed range • Speed data comes from the vehicle communication bus

• Acceleration Data from ACM front sensors and/or sensors in the ACM • May be used to inhibit deployment in some frontal crash events • Filtered acceleration and velocity accumulation data may be used

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Example PedPro Impact Test Data

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Physical Testing

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Launcher Testing • Simulates an object impacting a moving vehicle – Deploy and immunity objects are tested

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Small Animal Simulator Construction • Leather skin cover • Filled with a bag of metal grit surrounded by rubber pellets

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Branch Simulator Construction • Wood • 1 meter

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Stone Simulator

Construction • Metal ball • 34mm

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Basketball Simulator

Construction • NCAA official • Size 7

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Bird Simulator Construction • Leather skin cover • 70mm • Filled with bird feed seeds

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6-Year-Old Lower Leg Simulator (PDI)

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50th% Lower Leg Simulator

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50th% Flexible Leg Simulator

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5th% Leg Form Simulator

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Pedestrian Protection Systems • Towed Vehicle Testing • Objects are impacted by a moving car • Only immunity objects are tested

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Plastic Trash Can (Square) – Unloaded, 45⁰

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Traffic Pole - Plastic

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Pedestrian Sensing Impact Simulations

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Pedestrian Protection Systems • Human Body Model Head Strike Timing Simulations • Needs to be run with multiple pedestrian sizes • Needs to be run at multiple speeds • Needs to be run at multiple impact locations

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GM Active Hoods – Global Penetration

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PedPro EDR Data

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PedPro EDR Data • Introduced around MY2017 • PedPro EDR Recording Rules • Pressure Data: • Records sensor pressure for 100ms at a 2ms sample rate • Records from Time Zero • Sensor #1 is Right side of vehicle • Sensor #2 is Left side of vehicle • Pre-Crash Vehicle Data: • Records for 5s at a 0.5s sample rate • Records from Time Zero

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

PedPro EDR Example - Barrier Test

IMPORTANT NOTICE: Robert Bosch LLC and the manufacturers whose vehicles are accessible using the CDR System urge end users to use the latest production release of the Crash Data Retrieval system software when viewing, printing or exporting any retrieved data from within the CDR program. Using the latest version of the CDR software is the best way to ensure that retrieved data has been translated using the most current information provided by the manufacturers of the vehicles supported by this product.

CDR File Information User Entered VIN User Case Number EDR Data Imaging Date Crash Date Filename Saved on Collected with CDR version Reported with CDR version EDR Device Type Event(s) recovered

1G1ZA5C85GR880016 DDF 05/15/2015 C18933 PEDPRO_ACM.CDRX Friday, May 15 2015 at 13:19:16 Crash Data Retrieval Tool 16.2 rev5b Test Version Crash Data Retrieval Tool 16.2 rev7b Test Version Airbag Control Module Record 1 (Deployment), PedPro Record 1 (Non-Deployment)

Comments 2016 563 validation

Data Limitations Recorded Crash Events: There are two types of recorded crash events for Front, Side, and Rear (FSR) Events. The first is the Non-Deployment Event. A NonEvent records data but does not deploy the air bag(s). The minimum SDM Recorded Vehicle Velocity Change, that is needed to FebruaryDeployment 5-7,a 2024 Slide 54 record Non-Deployment Event, is five MPH [8 km/h]. A Non-Deployment Event contains Pre-Crash and Crash data. The oldest NonDeployment event can be overwritten by a Deployment Event, if all three records are full and the Non-Deployment Event is not locked. Non-

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System Status at Time of Retrieval Dynamic Deployment Event Counter Multi-Event, Number of Events (Dynamic Event Counter) Dynamic OnStar Notification Event Counter Driver Frontal Stage 2 Commanded after Event End for Event Record #1 Passenger Frontal Stage 2 Commanded after Event End for Event Record #1 Driver Frontal Stage 2 Commanded after Event End for Event Record #2 Passenger Frontal Stage 2 Commanded after Event End for Event Record #2 Driver Frontal Stage 2 Commanded after Event End for Event Record #3 Passenger Frontal Stage 2 Commanded after Event End for Event Record #3 Longitudinal Accelerometer Range (g) Lateral Accelerometer Range (g) PedPro Deploy Event Counter (Events) PedPro Event Counter (Events) System Type Driver Pretensioner Deployment Loop #1 Type Driver Pretensioner Deployment Loop #2 Type Passenger Pretensioner Deployment Loop #1 Type Passenger Pretensioner Deployment Loop #2 Type Left Row 2 Pretensioner Deployment Loop #1 Type Left Row 2 Pretensioner Deployment Loop #2 Type Right Row 2 Pretensioner Deployment Loop #1 Type Right Row 2 Pretensioner Deployment Loop #2 Type Ignition Cycle, Download (Ignition Cycles at Investigation)

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1 1 1 No No No No No No 100 100 0 1 N/A Retractor Pretensioner Anchor Pretensioner Retractor Pretensioner Anchor Pretensioner Not Assigned Not Assigned Not Assigned Not Assigned 61

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System Status at Event (Record 1)

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

Complete file recorded (Event Recording Complete) Event Record Type Crash Record Locked OnStar Deployment Status Data Sent OnStar SDM Recorded Vehicle Velocity Change Data Sent High Voltage Disable Notification Sent Deployment Commanded in Energy Reserve Mode Deployment Event Counter Multi-Event, Number of Events (Event Counter) OnStar Notification Event Counter Algorithms Active - Frontal Algorithms Active - Side Algorithms Active - Rollover Algorithms Active - Rear Ignition Cycle, Crash (Ignition Cycles at Event) Time From Event 1 to 2 (Time Between Events) (msec) Concurrent Event Flag Set Event Severity Status: Frontal Pretensioner Event Severity Status: Frontal Stage 1 Event Severity Status: Frontal Stage 2 Event Severity Status: Left Side Event Severity Status: Right Side Event Severity Status: Rear Event Severity Status: Rollover Event Severity Status: Battery Disconnect Switch - Side Event Safety Belt Status, Driver (Driver Belt Switch Circuit Status) Safety Belt Status, Right Front Passenger (Passenger Belt Switch Circuit Status) Center Front Row Belt Switch Circuit Status (If Equipped) Center Row 3 Belt Switch Circuit Status (If Equipped) Seat Track Position Switch, Foremost, Status, Right Front Passenger (Passenger Seat Position Status) Passenger Seat Occupancy Status Passenger Classification Status Passenger Air Bag ON Indicator Status Passenger Air Bag OFF Indicator Status Low Tire Pressure Warning Lamp Status 0.5 Seconds prior to Time Zero Frontal Air Bag Warning Lamp (SIR Warning Lamp Status 0.5 Seconds Prior to Time Zero) SIR Warning Lamp ON/OFF Time Continuously (seconds) Number of Ignition Cycles SIR Warning Lamp was ON/OFF Continuously Ignition Cycles Since DTCs Were Last Cleared 0.5 Seconds Prior to Time Zero Maximum Delta-V, Longitudinal (Maximum Longitudinal SDM Recorded Vehicle Velocity Change for FSR Event) (MPH [km/h]) Time, Maximum Delta-V (Time From FSR Time Zero to Maximum Longitudinal SDM Recorded Vehicle Velocity Change) (msec) Maximum Delta-V, Lateral (Maximum Lateral SDM Recorded Vehicle Velocity Change for FSR Event) (MPH [km/h]) Time Maximum Delta-V, Lateral (Time From FSR Time Zero to Maximum Lateral SDM Recorded Vehicle Velocity Change) (msec) Maximum Resultant February 5-7,Delta-V 2024- Longitudinal for FSR Event (MPH [km/h]) Maximum Resultant Delta-V - Lateral for FSR Event (MPH [km/h])

83 of 1000 Yes Deployment Yes Yes Yes Yes No 1 1 1 Yes Yes No Yes 60 Data Not Available No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No Not Buckled Not Buckled Data Not Available Data Not Available No (Rearward) Occupied Small Adult On Off Off Off 10,490 15 15 -31.1 [-50] 194 -6.8 [-11] 70 -31.1 [-50] -5.0 [-8]

Slide 56

Delta-V, Longitudinal (Record 1)

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

84 of 1000 60 50

40 20

30 20

Frontal biased crash event

-10

10 0 -10 -20 -30

-20

-40 -30

-50 -60

-40 10

110

130

150

170

190

210

230

250

270

290

222

242

262

282

msec

Acceleration, Longitudinal (Record 1) 60 50 40 30 20

10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60

102

122

142

162

182

202

msec

1G1ZA5C85GR880016

February 5-7, 2024

Page 7 of 38

Printed on: Tuesday, June 2 2015 at 13:45:15

Slide 57

km/h

MPH

Delta-V, (Record As Presented Lateral at The EDR User's Summit 20241)

85 of 1000 60 50

Frontal biased crash event

30 20 10

0 -10

-10 -20 -30

-20

-40 -30

-50 -60

-40 10

110

130

150

170

190

210

230

250

270

290

222

242

262

282

msec

Acceleration, Lateral (Record 1) 60 50 40 30 20

10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60

102

122

142

162

182

202

msec

1G1ZA5C85GR880016

February 5-7, 2024

Page 13 of 38

Printed on: Tuesday, June 2 2015 at 13:45:16

Slide 58

km/h

MPH

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

86 of 1000

Pre-Crash Data -5.0 to -0.5 sec (Record 1)

Time (sec) -5.0 -4.5 -4.0 -3.5 -3.0 -2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5

Accelerator Pedal Position, % Full (Accelerator Pedal Position) (%) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Service Brake (Brake Switch Circuit State) Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off

February 5-7, 2024

Engine Speed (RPM) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Engine Throttle, % Full (Throttle Position) (%) 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30

Speed, Vehicle Indicated (Vehicle Speed) (MPH [km/h]) 18.6 [30] 21.7 [35] 23.6 [38] 25.5 [41] 27.3 [44] 28.6 [46] 29.2 [47] 29.8 [48] 30.4 [49] 30.4 [49]

Slide 59

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

87 of 1000

PedPro EDR Data

System Status at Pedestrian Protection Event (PedPro Record 1) Event Record Type Non-Deployment PedPro Deployment Event Counter 0 Complete File Recorded (PedPro Event Recording Complete) Yes Crash Record Locked No PedPro Event Counter 1 Ignition Cycles Since DTCs Were Last Cleared Prior to Time Zero 15 Service Pedestrian Protection System Indication On Prior to PedPro Time Zero No Outside Air Temperature (If Equipped) (degrees) Data Invalid PedPro Deployment Discriminating Threshold Criteria Was Not Met No Ignition Cycle, Crash (Ignition Cycles at Event) 60 PedPro DeploymentCommand Safing Criteria Was Not Met No Deployment Data at Pedestrian Protection Event (PedPro Record 1) PedPro Left Deployment Suppressed Due to Frontal Detection Yes PedPro Rear Active Hood Deployment LoopCrash Commanded No Vehicle Speed Range Criteria Was Not Met No PedPro Right Rear Active Hood Deployment Loop Commanded No PedPro Hood Latch Deployment Loop Commanded Time From PedPro Time Zero to The Time Left Rear Active Hood Deployment Loop Commanded (msec) Time From PedPro Time Zero to The Time Right Rear Active Hood Deployment Loop Commanded (msec) Time From PedPro Time Zero to The Time Hood Latch Deployment Loop Commanded (msec)

February 5-7, 2024

No Data Not Available Data Not Available Data Not Available

Slide 60

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

88 of 1000

PedPro EDR Data Pre-Pedestrian Protection Event Data -5.0 to -0.5 sec (PedPro Record 1)

Time (sec)

Service Brake (Brake Switch Circuit State)

-5.0

Off

-4.5

Off

-4.0

Off

-3.5

Off

-3.0

Off

-2.5

Off

-2.0

Off

-1.5

Off

-1.0

Off

-0.5

Off

February 5-7, 2024

ABS Active (Antilock Brake System Active) (If Equipped) Non-Engaged (No) Non-Engaged (No) Non-Engaged (No) Non-Engaged (No) Non-Engaged (No) Non-Engaged (No) Non-Engaged (No) Non-Engaged (No) Non-Engaged (No) Non-Engaged (No)

Speed, Vehicle Indicated (Vehicle Speed) (MPH [km/h]) 18.0 [29] 20.5 [33] 23.0 [37] 24.9 [40] 26.7 [43] 28.0 [45] 29.2 [47] 29.8 [48] 29.8 [48] 29.8 [48]

Slide 61

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

89 of 1000

PedPro Recorded Sensor #1 Data after PedPro Time Zero (PedPro Record 1) 25 20 15 10 5

mbar

PedPro EDR Data

0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30

msec

PedPro Recorded Sensor #2 Data after PedPro Time Zero (PedPro Record 1) 30 25 20 15 10

mbar

5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30

msec

1G1ZA5C85GR880016

February 5-7, 2024

Page 27 of 38

Printed on: Tuesday, June 2 2015 at 13:45:16

Slide 62

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

90 of 1000

PedPro EDR Example – 2018 Buick

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 71

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

91 of 1000

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 72

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

92 of 1000

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 73

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

93 of 1000

Slide 74

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

94 of 1000

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 75

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

95 of 1000

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 76

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

96 of 1000

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 77

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

97 of 1000

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 78

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

98 of 1000

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 79

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

99 of 1000

PedPro EDR Example – 2018 Vauxhall

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 80

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

100 of 1000

Slide 81

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

101 of 1000

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 82

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

102 of 1000

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 83

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

103 of 1000

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 84

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

104 of 1000

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 85

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

105 of 1000

Slide 86

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 14

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

107 of 1000

Airbag Control Module EDR Overview GM Vehicle Systems and Their EDRs

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 88

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

108 of 1000

Service Information Update •

A warning was added to all Service Information literature regarding the resetting/clearing of GM ACMs

“Warning: If a service procedure indicates that a module is to be replaced, a new production unit MUST be ordered from the GM Parts Catalog or certified supplier. Using a module that has been reset by a 3rd party company is strictly prohibited. Not using a new production unit may result in improper performance of the safety system in the event of an accident, which may result in bodily injury.”

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 89

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

109 of 1000

SDM-50 • • • •

Introduced in MY2020 Much expanded EDR recording capability New event recording strategy New interface cables needed

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 90

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

110 of 1000

SDM-50 Currently there are three versions of the SDM-50 • SDM-50A (845 interface cable) • SDM-50B (852 interface cable) • SDM-50B FD (852 interface cable)

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 91

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

111 of 1000

SDM-50 New display parameters • UTC time and date of events (first two years) • Satellite (perimeter) Sensor Recorded Acceleration and Pressure data • Like some Toyota ACMs • Over 50 pre-crash data parameters

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 92

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

112 of 1000

Pre-crash Data Parameters • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Accelerator Pedal, % Full ABS Activity Brake Pedal Position Driver Applied Brake Pedal Pressure Driver Applied Brake Pedal Pressure Detected Service Brake, On/Off (Brake Pedal Initial Travel Achieved) Brake Pedal Moderate Travel Achieved Cruise and Speed Limiter Switch Status Cruise Secondary Switch Status Conventional Cruise Control Adaptive Cruise Control Selected Mode Adaptive Cruise Control Transmission Estimated Gear Transmission Shift Lever Position

February 5-7, 2024

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Reduced Engine Power Mode Indicator On Engine RPM (Engine Speed) Engine Torque Engine Throttle, % Full Speed, Vehicle Indicated IMU Yaw Rate Right Front Wheel Angular Speed Left Front Wheel Angular Speed Right Rear Wheel Angular Speed Left Rear Wheel Angular Speed Steering Wheel Angle Tire Pressure Low Indication On at Event Propulsion System Active System Power Mode Backup System Power Mode SDM Power Mode

Slide 93

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

113 of 1000

Pre-crash Data Parameters • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Ignition Status Ignition Prolongation Timer Secondary Collision Prolongation Timer Ignition Operating Timer Antilock Brake System Failed Brake Pedal Override Flag Automatic Brake Status Electronic Stability Control Status Traction Control System Present Traction Control System Failed Traction Control System Enabled Traction Control System Active Traction Control System Switch Status Left Turn Signal Switch Active Right Turn Signal Switch Active

February 5-7, 2024

• • • • •

IMU Lateral Acceleration IMU Longitudinal Acceleration Red Brake Telltale On Brake Boost Status – Eboost Occupant Position Classification, Right Front Passenger (Front Passenger Restraint Occupancy Status) Lane Departure Warning System Status Corrective Steering Function Emergency Steering Function Automatically Commanded Steering Function Autonomous Emergency Braking

Slide 94

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

114 of 1000

SDM-50 EDR collects 8 seconds of pre-crash data • 17 pre-crash data samples • One data sample collected at Algorithm Enable • Collected up to 100ms before algorithm enable • 16 data samples collected every 500ms for 8 seconds

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 95

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

115 of 1000

SDM-50 A new approach to event recording • Supplemental Event Data Records • Records up to 30 records • Event Data Records • Records up to 3 like today • Records event start and end timers to the millisecond • Records commanded deployment times for each pyrotechnic February 5-7, 2024

Slide 96

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

116 of 1000

SDM-50 Supplemental Event Records: • Records all events a vehicle had experienced in its lifetime • Were added to give a snapshot of recorded and nonrecorded events • Event counter • Event type (Deployment or Non-Deployment) • Event timing (start and stop) • In the past, a simple Event counter was used February 5-7, 2024

Slide 97

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

117 of 1000

Supplemental Event Data Records

Example: Event End – Start = Event duration in milliseconds 153,117,159 - 153,116,835 = 324ms February 5-7, 2024

Slide 98

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

118 of 1000

Event Data Records

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 99

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

119 of 1000

SDM-50 • Event types • Battery cut off and pretensioner deployments are now considered Deployment Events • Events are recorded in the order they were qualified • Non-Deployments are qualified when the event ends • Deployments are qualified when the pyrotechnic is commanded to deploy • No longer a need for the Concurrent Event Flag (SDM-10 through 41) because the event order can be determined from the event timer values

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 100

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

120 of 1000

How the ACM EDR Works First event to qualify

Last event to qualify

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 101

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

121 of 1000

Event Timing Sequence using Supplemental Event Record Information E3/S5– D - RO T0

E1/S1 – ND - FSR

1214 ms

E4/S3 – ND - FSR

E2/S2 – D - FSR

1538 ms 1880 ms

2141 ms

3081 ms

3536 ms 4210 ms

666 ms 1201 ms 1129 ms

4210 ms

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 102

E5/S4 – ND - FSR 4488 ms 8094 ms

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

122 of 1000

Complete Event Timing Sequence Roll Severity met

Event Counter 3 – Roll Event

Front Algo Reset

Rear Wakeup

Roll Algo Reset/Tend

Side Algo Reset

Side Wakeup

Rear Algo Reset

Roll Algo Wakeup

1214 ms

1050 ms

Right Side Severity met

PT/S1/S2 Severity met

Front Wakeup 1538 ms

1125 ms

1308 ms

1408 ms

Rear Wakeup

Rear Algo Reset

Front Reset

1880 ms

2020 ms

2035 ms

2141 ms

2030 ms

1998 ms

3081 ms

3536 ms

4488 ms

2440 ms

4210 ms

8094 ms

T0 Front Wakeup

Event Counter 1 – FSR ND

Front Reset

Tend

T0 5 ms

49 ms

94 ms

194 ms

324 ms

Side Algo Reset PT/S1/S2 Severity met

Right Side Severity met

Side Wakeup

Event Counter 2 – FSR Deploy

666 ms

39 ms T0 Front Algo Wakeup U0101.00 U1611.00

118 ms

140 ms

150 ms 155 ms

Tend

Event Counter 4 – FSR ND

261 ms

1201 ms

455 ms

Event Counter 5 – FSR ND

1129 ms

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 103

278 ms

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

123 of 1000

SDM-50 • Added Prolongation Timers • Ignition Prolongation Timer will start when the power mode transition from RUN/Propulsion OFF. It's a count down timer. Currently it is set to five seconds. • During ignition prolongation, if the ACM detects a new event, then it extends the prolongation with a different timer which is referred to as the Secondary Collision Prolongation Timer. February 5-7, 2024

Slide 104

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

124 of 1000

CDR ACM Interface SDM-50A Interface module: • CDR 900 Direct to module cables: • SDM-50A Veoneer (845)

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 105

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

125 of 1000

CDR ACM Interface SDM-50B/50B FD Interface module: • CDR 900 Direct to module cables: • SDM-50B/50B FD Veoneer (852)

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 106

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

126 of 1000

Front Camera Module EDR Overview GM Vehicle Systems and Their EDRs

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 108

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

127 of 1000

Front Camera Module (FCM) EDR Coverage There are a few variants of the GM FCM supported by the CDR tool • • • •

FCM Magna 2.5 (no image data) FCM Magna 3.0 FCM Magna GB More to come…

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 109

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

128 of 1000

FCM

The modules are located behind the rearview mirror on the interior of the windshield. February 5-7, 2024

Slide 110

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

129 of 1000

Front Camera Module (FCM) EDR Coverage

FCM 2.5

February 5-7, 2024

FCM 3.0 CDR Cable 856 Cable coming soon Slide 111

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

130 of 1000

FCM Service Procedures Caution:

• The calibration process for the Frontview Camera is necessary any time the module is removed from its bracket… • This is done with the use of a scan tool followed by driving calibration procedure February 5-7, 2024

Slide 112

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

131 of 1000

Vehicles with FCM EDR Support Vehicles with FCM modules supported by the CDR tool are listed in the “Vehicle and Cable Lookup” section of the CDR tool help file

• Vehicle coverage is from 2017 to present but not all vehicles with cameras are covered

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 113

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

132 of 1000

Vehicles with FCM EDR Support

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 114

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

133 of 1000

Vehicles with FCM EDR Support

CDR tool Note #1

“&” = must have option code “-” = must not have option code February 5-7, 2024

Slide 115

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

134 of 1000

FCM EDR – RPO Using the QR code to look up Regular Production Option (RPO) • They do not contain all RPOs • Do not rely on them for Advanced Driver Assist Systems RPOs • Use vehicle build data available from GM dealer

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 116

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

Vehicles with FCM EDR Support

• FCMs are only supported by the CDR 900 interface • Just because a vehicle has a FCM doesn’t always indicate it is a supported vehicle or ever will be • Attempting to collect data from the FCM, in a nonsupported vehicle, may give a Module ID Not Supported or a No Communication with Module error message • Be sure and check the vehicle RPO build sheet February 5-7, 2024

Slide 117

135 of 1000

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

136 of 1000

FCM EDR Data Retrieval Process

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 118

FCM EDR Data Retrieval Process

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

137 of 1000

Slide 119

FCM EDR Data Retrieval Process

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

138 of 1000

• Typical Magna 3.0 FCM EDR download (with 6 images) can take up to 18 minutes • Make sure the power supply/ battery has enough charge to support the download process time

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 120

FCM EDR Data Retrieval Example

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

You can observe image download progress in the lower right corner DID 60 through 65 represent image files 1 through 6

75 frames per image

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 121

139 of 1000

FCM EDR Data Retrieval Example

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

• It will take a few minutes for the CDR tool to be save the images • Be patient

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 122

140 of 1000

FCM EDR Data Retrieval Example

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

Save Images

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 123

141 of 1000

FCM EDR Data Retrieval Example

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

Note: These are the various file types that are possible from the CDR tool for FCM

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 124

142 of 1000

FCM Images

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

143 of 1000

• The image files are saved as *.PGM (Portable Gray Map) files • Once opened (Irfan Viewer, PDF-XChange Editor, or any other compatible program) the image will appear “upside-down” • Use the “Vertically Flip” option to obtain a correctly oriented image • Do not rotate image! • Why?

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 125

FCM 3.0 Images

Original (PGM file)

February 5-7, 2024

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

Vertical Flip

144 of 1000

2x Rotation

Slide 126

FCM EDR Overview

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

145 of 1000

• The FCM can record up to two events • Recording is triggered by an “events of interest” • Triggers for data recording are listed in writing priority order: • Airbag Deployment Event • Pretensioner Deployment Event • Non-Deployment Event • Forward Pedestrian Braking • Automatic Emergency Braking • Forward Pedestrian Warning • Front Collision Alert • Lane Departure Warning February 5-7, 2024

Slide 127

FCM EDR Overview

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

146 of 1000

• A new event is stored only if it is the same or higher priority than the priority of one of the currently stored events • Data from about 4 seconds prior to the event trigger is recorded, data at the event trigger is recorded, and data from 4 seconds after the trigger is recorded • Data is written to non-volatile memory when the System Power Mode transitions to OFF

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 128

FCM EDR Overview

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

147 of 1000

• When data recording is triggered by an airbag event, EDR is saved as soon as possible • Could take more than 30 seconds

• See Data Limitations

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 129

FCM 3.0 EDR

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

148 of 1000

• FCM: Front Camera Module • FCA: Forward Collision Alert • AEB: Automatic Emergency Braking • IBA: Integrated Brake Assist • FPB: Forward Pedestrian Braking • LDW: Lane Departure Warning • VSES: Vehicle Stability Enhancement System • LKA: Lane Keep Assist

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 130

FCM 3.0 EDR

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

149 of 1000

Event Data (Record 1 - Pedestrian Warning) Data Element FCM Time (sec)

Pre-Event 187.20

At-Event 191.95

Post-Event 195.95

Vehicle Speed Average Non Driven (MPH [km/h])

38 [61]

37 [60]

37 [59]

Vehicle Acceleration - Longitudinal (m/s^2)

-0.40

-0.08

-0.07

Vehicle Acceleration - Lateral (m/s^2)

0.63

0.13

0.31

Yaw Rate (deg/sec) VSES Active ABS Active

0.1875 False False

-0.3750 False False

FCA Alert Indication

None

LDW Alert Direction Accelerator Pedal, % Full (%) Brake Pedal Position (%) Service Brake (Brake Switch Circuit State) Turn Signal Switch Active

No Alert 13 2

0.0000 False False Solid Green Vehicle Ahead Telltale No Alert 12 2

No Alert 14 2

False

No Activation

No Cruise Control Active

None

Car Target Never Identified as Moved

Ped-Child

Car Target Never Identified as Moved

Adaptive Cruise Control System Selected Mode AEB Control Automatic Braking Request Type AEB Object Type AEB Object Dynamic Property

Target Identified as Moved

None

AEB Object Longitudinal Distance (m)

0.0

33.0

0.0

AEB Object Relative Longitudinal Velocity (m/s)

0.0075

-1.8050

-1.3675

AEB Object Relative Longitudinal Acceleration (m/s^2)

0.000

AEB Object Lateral Distance (m) AEB Object Azimuth (deg) GPS Heading (deg)

0.0 0 178.1

0.5 0 178.0

-0.3 0 177.7

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 131

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

150 of 1000

FCM 3.0 Data / Image Example 1

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 132

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

151 of 1000

Description of Event

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 133

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

152 of 1000

FCM Images

~4 sec Before the Event (t0-4 )

At Event ( t0 ) 4 sec After the Event (t0+4 ) February 5-7, 2024

Slide 134

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

153 of 1000

FCM EDR Data

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 135

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

154 of 1000

FCM EDR Data

Event Data (Record 2 - SIR Event - Airbag Deployment Event) Data Element FCM Time (sec)

Pre-Event 360.00

At-Event 364.20

Post-Event 368.20

Vehicle Speed Average Non Driven (MPH [km/h])

7 [11]

0 [0]

2 [3]

Vehicle Acceleration - Longitudinal (m/s^2)

-1.17

0.00

Vehicle Acceleration - Lateral (m/s^2)

0.25

0.19

Yaw Rate (deg/sec) VSES Active ABS Active FCA Alert Indication LDW Alert Direction Accelerator Pedal, % Full (%) Brake Pedal Position (%) Service Brake (Brake Switch Circuit State) Turn Signal Switch Active

0.0625 False False None No Alert 0 14

-2.8750 False False None No Alert 0 53

-1.0000 False False None No Alert 0 0

True

False

No Activation

No Cruise Control Active

None

Car Target Never Identified as Moved

AEB Object Longitudinal Distance (m)

0.0

AEB Object Relative Longitudinal Velocity (m/s)

0.0075

AEB Object Relative Longitudinal Acceleration (m/s^2)

0.000

AEB Object Lateral Distance (m) AEB Object Azimuth (deg) GPS Heading (deg)

0.0 0 268.0

0.0 0 268.4

0.0 0 285.3

Adaptive Cruise Control System Selected Mode AEB Control Automatic Braking Request Type AEB Object Type AEB Object Dynamic Property

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 136

Event Data (Record 2 - SIR Event - Airbag Deployment Event)

Pre-Event 360.00

FCM Time (sec)

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024 At-Event Post-Event 364.20 368.20

Vehicle Speed Average Non Driven (MPH [km/h])

7 [11]

0 [0]

2 [3]

Vehicle Acceleration - Longitudinal (m/s^2)

-1.17

0.00

Vehicle Acceleration - Lateral (m/s^2)

0.25

0.19

0.0625 False False None No Alert 0 14

-2.8750 False False None No Alert 0 53

-1.0000 False False None No Alert 0 0

True

False

No Activation

No Cruise Control Active

None

Car Target Never Identified as Moved

AEB Object Longitudinal Distance (m)

0.0

AEB Object Relative Longitudinal Velocity (m/s)

0.0075

AEB Object Relative Longitudinal Acceleration (m/s^2)

0.000

AEB Object Lateral Distance (m) AEB Object Azimuth (deg) GPS Heading (deg)

0.0 0 268.0

0.0 0 268.4

0.0 0 285.3

Adaptive Cruise Control System Selected Mode AEB Control Automatic Braking Request Type AEB Object Type AEB Object Dynamic Property

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Data Correlation FCM SDM

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FCM 3.0 Data / Image Example 2

February 5-7, 2024

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Description of Event A pedestrian was walking parallel to the roadway that the subject vehicle was driving on.

February 5-7, 2024

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FCM EDR Images

At event ~4 sec before the event

February 5-7, 2024

4 sec after the event

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FCM EDR Data

System Status at Event (Record 1 - Pedestrian Warning) FCM Event Trigger Type Event Recording Complete Odometer (miles [km]) UTC Date at Event UTC Time at Event LKA Customer Setting FCA Gap Customer Setting Current AEB Type Setting FPB Customer Setting IBA Occurred Flag AEB Braking Requested Acceleration (m/s^2)

February 5-7, 2024

Pedestrian Warning Yes 23499.0 [37818.0] 2022/07/04 22:06:43 Driver Enabled Far Alert and Brake Alert and Brake False 0.00

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FCM EDR Data Event Data (Record 1 - Pedestrian Warning) Data Element FCM Time (sec)

Pre-Event 175.00

At-Event 179.65

Post-Event 183.65

Vehicle Speed Average Non Driven (MPH [km/h])

41 [65]

41 [66]

43 [69]

Vehicle Acceleration - Longitudinal (m/s^2)

-0.07

-0.05

0.14

Vehicle Acceleration - Lateral (m/s^2)

0.50

1.00

0.25

0.1250 False False None No Alert 17 2

0.4375 False False None No Alert 18 2

0.0625 False False None No Alert 18 2

False

No Activation

No Cruise Control Active

None

Car Target Never Identified as Moved

Ped-Child Target Never Identified as Moved

Car Target Never Identified as Moved

AEB Object Longitudinal Distance (m)

0.0

14.1

0.0

AEB Object Relative Longitudinal Velocity (m/s)

0.0075

AEB Object Relative Longitudinal Acceleration (m/s^2)

0.000

AEB Object Lateral Distance (m) AEB Object Azimuth (deg) GPS Heading (deg)

0.0 0 88.3

0.0 0 88.7

0.0 0 88.3

Adaptive Cruise Control System Selected Mode AEB Control Automatic Braking Request Type AEB Object Type AEB Object Dynamic Property

February 5-7, 2024

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Active Safety Control Module and EDR Overview GM Vehicle Systems and Their EDRs

February 5-7, 2024

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Active Safety Control Module (ASCM)

EOCM 1A / 1B Cable 833

EOCM 2 Cable 834

February 5-7, 2024

EOCM 3 LC Cable 854

EOCM 3 HC Cable 855 Cable available soon Slide 145

ASCM Locations

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• ASCM Module location is identified in the supported vehicles section of the CDR help menu. • These modules are typically located in the trunk or rear panel areas of an SUV. February 5-7, 2024

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ASCM – Typical locations

• Pickups Located in the rear of the center console

February 5-7, 2024

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EOCM 2 Module Location Modules are located in the trunk – wheel well area for MY2018 and later CT6 vehicles with RPO = UKL

February 5-7, 2024

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ASCM

• Enhanced Automatic Emergency Braking uses the Active Safety Control Module, Frontview Camera and Long Range Radar Module

• Some vehicles also use Short Range Radar Modules

• The ASCM collections of information from the various

sensors are fused together to better understand objects around the vehicles

• Provides various features including, Forward Collision Alert, Automatic Emergency Braking, Forward Pedestrian Braking, and sometimes Super Cruise February 5-7, 2024

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S R R L F

L R R

F C M AS C M

S R R C R

S R R R F

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Vehicles with ASCM Bosch CDR Support

February 5-7, 2024

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ASCM EDR – RPO Using the QR code to look up Regular Production Option (RPO) • They do not contain all RPOs • Do not rely on them for Advanced Driver Assist Systems RPOs • Use vehicle build data available from GM dealer

February 5-7, 2024

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EOCM 1B

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EOCM 1B EDR Overview • The EOCM 1B can record one events

• Recording is triggered by “events of interest” • Trigger for data recording: • Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) Event

February 5-7, 2024

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EOCM 1B EDR Overview • The new event is stored only if it is the same or higher priority than that of the stored events • Data parameters are recorded at 80ms intervals from 3.92 seconds prior to the event • Event is defined as the end of AEB braking request • Data is written to non-volatile memory when the System Power Mode transition to OFF • See Data Limitations

February 5-7, 2024

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EOCM 3 LC

February 5-7, 2024

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EOCM3 LC EDR Overview • The EOCM3 LC can record three events • Recording is triggered by “events of interest”. • Trigger data recording listed below is in priority order: • SIR Event – Deployment • SIR Event – Non-Deployment • FPB (Forward Pedestrian Braking) Event • AEB (Automatic Emergency Braking) Event • FPA (Forward Pedestrian Alert) Event • FCA (Forward Collision Alert) Event February 5-7, 2024

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EOCM3 LC EDR Overview • The new event is stored only if it is the same or higher priority than that of the stored events • Data parameters are recorded every 100ms for 80 samples • For SIR Event – Deployment events, the system will record 7.9 seconds prior to receiving the serial data notification from the ACM • For all other event types, the system will record 4.9 seconds prior to the event trigger and 3.0 seconds after the event trigger February 5-7, 2024

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EOCM3 LC EDR Overview • Some Event Data parameters are recorded every 500 milliseconds for 16 samples • When storing an SIR Event – Deployment, the ASCM requires about 2 seconds of power, after receiving the serial data notification from the ACM, to write the event record • For all other events, the ASCM will store the event data at vehicle off and power down • See Data Limitations

February 5-7, 2024

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EOCM3 HC

February 5-7, 2024

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EOCM3 HC EDR Overview • The EOCM3 HC can record three events • Recording is triggered by “events of interest” • Trigger data recording listed below is in priority order: • SIR Event – Deployment • SIR Event – Non-Deployment • Forward Pedestrian Braking Event • Automatic Emergency Braking Event • Forward Pedestrian Alert Event • Forward Collision Alert Event February 5-7, 2024

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EOCM3 HC EDR Overview As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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• The new event is stored only if it is the same or higher priority than that of the stored events • Data parameters are recorded every 100ms for 70 samples • For SIR Event – Frontal Deployment events, the system will record 6.9 seconds prior to the receiving the serial data notification from the ACM • For SIR Event Non-Frontal Deployment, if the vehicle speed is less than 10 km/h, the system will record 6.9 seconds prior to the receiving the serial data notification from the ACM • If the vehicle speed is greater than 10 km/h, the system will record 3.9 seconds prior to the event trigger and 3.0 seconds after the event trigger

February 5-7, 2024

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EOCM3 HC EDR Overview As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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• For all other event types, the system will record 3.9 seconds prior to the event trigger and 3.0 seconds after the event trigger. • When storing an SIR Event – Deployment Event (both Frontal and NonFrontal), the ASCM requires about 2 seconds of power, after receiving the serial data notification from the ACM, to write the event record • For all other events, the ASCM will store the event data at vehicle off and power down • See Data Limitations

February 5-7, 2024

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Example with ACM, ASCM, and FCM EDR Data

February 5-7, 2024

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Event Background • Driver reported: • Received an OnStar call for no apparent reason • Hadn’t hit anything, no airbags deployed, nothing out of the ordinary beyond what could maybe be construed as a panic stop • Didn’t feel the ABS pulsing the brake pedal • Driving 65 MPH at the time of the event • No damage observed upon inspection of the vehicle • Three module EDRs were downloaded • ACM • ASCM • FCM February 5-7, 2024

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ACM EDR Data

Event duration: 1,698 ms

February 5-7, 2024

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ACM EDR Data

Maximum value

February 5-7, 2024

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ACM EDR Data

About 1.5g

February 5-7, 2024

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66 MPH

February 5-7, 2024

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Data Limitation

February 5-7, 2024

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ASCM EDR Data

• Time/Date from ACM: • Delta of 13 seconds from start of ACM event to ASCM event time

February 5-7, 2024

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ACM T0 ~ASCM T0 February 5-7, 2024

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SDM T0 ~ASCM T0 February 5-7, 2024

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FCM EDR Data

February 5-7, 2024

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FCM EDR Data

At Event Image

February 5-7, 2024

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February 5-7, 2024

Slide 15

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Slide 23

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FCM Data – Practical Application Jason Chilson JC Investigations

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 1

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Jason Chilson • United States Marine Corps 2001-2005 • Former Law Enforcement Officer – 10+ Years • ACTAR #4540/Accident Reconstructionist • Qualified as an Expert Witness over 50 Times

February 5-7, 2024

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Collision Occurs White 2021 GMC Terrain – Turning Left

February 5-7, 2024

Gray 2020 Lexus RX 350 – Going Straight

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Scene Information White 2021 GMC Terrain • Driver – Sole Occupant • Turning Left – NB S. Quebec St/WB Gleneagles Village Pkwy • Left Turn Lane – Controlled Intersection • Protected Left Turn/Left on Green Arrow Only – According to Driver • Driver advised initially stopped at red light • Received green arrow/proceeded to turn February 5-7, 2024

Gray 2020 Lexus RX • Driver and Front Passenger • Going straight – SB S. Quebec St/Lefthand lane (#1). • Driver advised proceeded straight thru a green signal light • Driver of GMC turned left and hit our car • Passenger took picture of signal light for SB traffic after collision occurred

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• Photo taken by the front passenger after the collision occurred • Looking SB • Direction of travel of the 2020 Lexus RX • Shows solid green signal lights • Provided to Law Enforcement February 5-7, 2024

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• S. Quebec St. at Gleneagles Village Pkwy • Speed Limit – 40 mph • Single SB/NB left turn lanes – 3 lanes SB/NB straight thru traffic • Controlled intersection February 5-7, 2024

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Airbag Deployment • 2021 GMC Terrain

• 2020 Lexus RX

February 5-7, 2024

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Tire Size Comparison 235/50R19

235/50R19

February 5-7, 2024

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Stock tire size 235/50R19

February 5-7, 2024

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Damage to 2021 GMC Terrain

February 5-7, 2024

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Driver not wearing Seatbelt – Locked to post

February 5-7, 2024

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Light switch in the Automatic Position

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 13

On Board Diagnostics (OBD) Port – 2021 GMC Terrain

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

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Connected using the CANplus

February 5-7, 2024

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• • • • •

February 5-7, 2024

Data imaged by Explico Inc. Connected to OBD Port EDR data Imaged Unable to Image FCM data Requires CDR 900 – Cable #856

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Attempt to obtain the FCM Data

February 5-7, 2024

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Front/Frontview Camera Modules (FCM) Where is the FCM located? How is the FCM data recorded? What is the range and field of view of the FCM? How do we obtain the FCM data? How do we compare the pre-crash data sets? How do we apply the data to our crash scenario?

February 5-7, 2024

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2021 GMC Terrain – FCM

February 5-7, 2024

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FCM Removed from GMC Terrain

February 5-7, 2024

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Imaging the FCM Data CDR Data Analyst Training 2021 – Collision Safety Institute (CSI) – Rusty Haight

February 5-7, 2024

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What is required to image the data? Bosch CDR Help Tool

February 5-7, 2024

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CDR File Information CDR File Information - EDR

February 5-7, 2024

CDR File Information - FCM

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Event Triggers EDR – ACM – SDM • Read the Data Limitations • Two Types of recorded crash events – Non-Deployment – Deployment • Minimum SDM recorded velocity change needed to record a nondeployment event – 5 MPH • Deployment Event – Locked • Non-Deployment Events – Can be overwritten

February 5-7, 2024

FCM • Can Record 2 events • Triggered by “events of interest” • New event only stored if it is a higher priority than a currently stored event. • New event overwrites the lowest priority event. • If all of equal priority, the new event overwrites the oldest stored event.

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FCM – “Events of Interest” • Airbag Deployment Event • Pretensioner Deployment Event • Non-Deployment Event • Pedestrian Braking • Collision Imminent Braking (CIB) • Pedestrian Warning • Front Collision Alert • Lane Departure Warning (LDW)

February 5-7, 2024

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EDR Considerations • Event Record Type? – Deployment Event • Complete File Recorded? – Yes • Ignition Cycles at Event – 2,757 • Ignition Cycles at Time of Retrieval – 2,767 • Maximum Longitudinal Delta-V -20 (mph) • Maximum Lateral Delta-V -5 (mph) • Does the crash pulse data match the visible crush damage? • Does the pre-crash data match the documented crash facts?

February 5-7, 2024

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2021 GMC Terrain Pre-Crash Data - SDM

February 5-7, 2024

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Using the Pre-Crash data from the SDM TIME -5 -4.5 -4 -3.5 -3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5

DISTANCE TO IMPACT Speed (mph) Speed (fps) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.5 4 5.9 7 10.3 10 14.7 12 17.6 14 20.5

DISTANCE This Interval 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 2.9 5.1 7.3 8.8 20.5

Min Dist To Impact (ft) 44.6 44.6 44.6 44.6 44.6 41.7 36.6 29.3 20.5 0.0

Max Dist To Impact (ft) 45.3 45.3 45.3 45.3 45.3 44.6 41.7 36.6 29.3 20.5

Midpoint To Impact (ft) 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 43.2 39.2 33.0 24.9 10.3

We can use the pre-crash data from the GMC to locate approximately where each EDR data point is written. February 5-7, 2024

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Using the Pre-Crash data from the SDM

February 5-7, 2024

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Calculating the Total Delta-V from the SDM Data Time (ms) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Delta -V Longitudinal MPH -0.6 -1.9 -5 -9.3 -12.4 -16.2 -18.6 -19.9 -19.9 -19.9 -19.9 -19.3 -19.3 -18.6 -18.6 -18.6

Delta - V Lateral MPH 0 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -1.9 -2.5 -3.7 -4.3 -4.3 -4.3 -3.7 -3.1 -3.1 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5

February 5-7, 2024

Total Delta-V MPH 0.6 2.0 5.0 9.3 12.5 16.4 19.0 20.4 20.4 20.4 20.2 19.5 19.5 18.8 18.8 18.8

PDOF Calculated at 12.2 Degrees – 80ms The post-impact speed of the 2021 GMC Terrain was calculated at between 5.5 and 9.2 mph

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Using the FCM Data • Can we use the FCM Data to determine who had the red light? • What information is provided in the FCM data? • Can we use the data and/or photographs to determine who ran the red light? • Is the timing of the lights important? February 5-7, 2024

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FCM Data Limitations -2021 GMC Terrain • FCM Time is a running counter used for recording relative time when Pre-Event, At-Event and Post-Event data is recorded. • Data is written to non-volatile memory when the System Power Mode Transitions to OFF.

February 5-7, 2024

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FCM Data Limitations -2021 GMC Terrain • When data recording is triggered by an airbag event, EDR is saved as soon as possible. • While EDR is being written, Normal FCM functionality is suspended. • All data should be examined in conjunction with other available physical evidence from the vehicle and scene. February 5-7, 2024

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FCM Data

CDR Data Analyst Training 2021 – Collision Safety Institute (CSI) – Rusty Haight

February 5-7, 2024

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Data Element Sign Convention

February 5-7, 2024

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FCM Event Record 2

February 5-7, 2024

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Event Record 2 - Photographs Pre-Event

February 5-7, 2024

At-Event

Post-Event

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Event Data – Event Record 2

February 5-7, 2024

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Event Record 2

February 5-7, 2024

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Event Record 2

February 5-7, 2024

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FCM Event Record 1

The crash was reported on June 26th, 2022, at 9:38 p.m. February 5-7, 2024

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Event Record 1 - Photographs Pre-Event

February 5-7, 2024

At-Event

Post-Event

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Event Data – Event Record 1

February 5-7, 2024

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Event Record 1

February 5-7, 2024

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Event Record 1 – Pre-Event

February 5-7, 2024

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FCM Field of View

February 5-7, 2024

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Field of View FCM

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 47

Can the photo help us understand who ran the light?

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

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Dash Camera Comparison – Light Cycles

February 5-7, 2024

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• Take note of signal post on SE corner. • Compare photos of occupants in Lexus to photos of occupants at scene.

February 5-7, 2024

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•

February 5-7, 2024

Occupants speaking to LE match occupant photo taken by the FCM at event.

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View of Signal Light Post on NW Corner

February 5-7, 2024

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Light Cycle Timing • NB Left Turn Arrow – S. Quebec St. • Green – Approximately 5 seconds • Yellow – Approximately 3 seconds • Interval time – Approximately 3 seconds – After NB left turn arrow turns red, before green for SB straight thru traffic February 5-7, 2024

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Front Camera Module (FCM) • Leaving FCM data, what might you miss out on?

February 5-7, 2024

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Front Camera Module (FCM) • Leaving FCM data, what might you miss out on?

February 5-7, 2024

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Front Camera Module (FCM) • Leaving out FCM data, what might you miss out on?

February 5-7, 2024

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Momentum Analysis

February 5-7, 2024

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Momentum Analysis

February 5-7, 2024

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Momentum Analysis Weight of GMC Terrain (V-1) (lbs) Weight of Lexus (V-2) (lbs) App Angle Lexus (V-2) Dep Angle GMC Terrain (V-1) Dep Angle Lexus (V-2) Post Impact Speed GMC Terrain (V-3) Post Impact Speed Lexus (V-4) Impact Speed Lexus (V-2) (mph) Impact Speed GMC Terrain (V-1) (mph) February 5-7, 2024

3932 4684 161 157 150 8.2 16.4 33.4 13.2 Slide 60

Online Database of Experts The Crash Hub is a specialized expert directory for crash reconstructionists and traffic investigators. This directory allows the visitor to review and retain crash experts around the world. Our directory creates hundreds of leads each year for new cases! February 5-7, 2024

New members only

www.thecrashhub.com Slide 5

Toyota Safety Sense (TSS) testing and research of VCH, PCS-O and PCS-I As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

Tim Reust Jim Morgan Accident Science, Inc.

February 5-7, 2024

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Tim Reust Engineer ACTAR # 109 Southern California

February 5-7, 2024

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Jim Morgan Engineer ACTAR # 2737 Southern California

February 5-7, 2024

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Toyota Safety Sense Toyota Safety Sense (TSS) testing and research of VCH, PCS-O and PCS-I

February 5-7, 2024

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Terminology

TSS, Toyota Safety Sense

VCH, Vehicle Control History

LSS, Lexus Safety System

PCS-O, Pre-Collision System Operational data

PCS, Pre-Collision System TIS, Technical Information System

February 5-7, 2024

PCS-I, Pre-Collision System Image data

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The 3.0 began to show up on 2023 Toyota models and the 2022 Lexus models The system has a wider range of coverage and can detect Motorcycles in some instances TOYOTA bZ4X Corolla

February 5-7, 2024

LEXUS NX RX

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May not operate if ……..

Accelerator Pedal Steering Brake depressed February 5-7, 2024

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Warning in the Owners Manual

February 5-7, 2024

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How can you determine what version of the system is on a vehicle TOYOTA TSS-C TSS-P TSS 2.0 TSS 2.5 TSS 2.5+ TSS 3.0

Owners Manual? Window Sticker? Car Brochure?

February 5-7, 2024

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Lexus has a Similar system LSS Lexus Safety System LEXUS LSS LSS+ LSS 2.0 LSS 2.5 LSS 3.0

February 5-7, 2024

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1 3

Enter the VIN 2

February 5-7, 2024

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Accessing the data from the Toyota and Lexus vehicle requires the TIS techstream software, Professional Diagnostic version. Also using the CDR 900 or Mongoose Cable Software cost 2 Day $70 Yearly $1,360 February 5-7, 2024

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2017 Toyota Corolla TSS-P

February 5-7, 2024

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2021 Toyota Rav4 Prime TSS 2.0

February 5-7, 2024

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2021 Toyota Camry TSS 2.5+

February 5-7, 2024

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2021 Toyota Camry TSS 2.5+

February 5-7, 2024

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2024 Toyota Corolla TSS 3.0

February 5-7, 2024

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Instrumentation • Vbox 3i, 100 hz • IMU • Load Cell on the brake pedal • Tape Switch on the front bumper • Tap into the accelerator pedal sensor • Tap into the brake light wires

February 5-7, 2024

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Racelogic Vbox 3i February 5-7, 2024

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IMU mounted in the center console

February 5-7, 2024

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Load Cell on the brake pedal

February 5-7, 2024

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Tape-switch on the front bumper

February 5-7, 2024

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Tap into the accelerator pedal sensor

February 5-7, 2024

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Tap into the brake light wires

February 5-7, 2024

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GoPro camera

Bubble wrap on the hood just in case

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 48

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For the tests, the PCS event was triggered by a Pedestrian target Design criteria Life size Light weight “Free-standing” and does not blow over Does not damage the car Easy to set up

February 5-7, 2024

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Test Runs • We have conducted approximately 66 tests with instrumented Toyota vehicles

February 5-7, 2024

• The primary focus was on the triggered PCS event • Also studied was the Sudden Braking History event and ABS Operation event that are triggered during the PCS event

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Test numbering 45 mph 01 the first test at that speed

February 5-7, 2024

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Additional testing with the TSS-P System

February 5-7, 2024

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About 22 images with file names and an Excel data file February 5-7, 2024

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Excel File

February 5-7, 2024

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10 Pre-Trigger Images 2 Trigger Images

10 Post –Trigger Images

February 5-7, 2024

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3 Trigger images

February 5-7, 2024

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Date and Time

Only the Trigger and Post-Trigger Images have a timestamp

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 78

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

Timestep 0.200 sec. Timestep 0.400 sec.

Usually between the 2nd and 3rd sample or as late as between the 4th and 5th sample the timestep continues at 0.600 seconds February 5-7, 2024

Timestep 0.600 sec. Slide 79

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000.bmp February 5-7, 2024

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001.bmp February 5-7, 2024

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002.bmp February 5-7, 2024

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003.bmp February 5-7, 2024

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004.bmp February 5-7, 2024

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005.bmp February 5-7, 2024

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006.bmp February 5-7, 2024

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007.bmp February 5-7, 2024

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008.bmp February 5-7, 2024

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In this test image 009 and 010 were identical

009.bmp February 5-7, 2024

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Trigger Image

010.bmp February 5-7, 2024

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Trigger Image

011.bmp February 5-7, 2024

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012.bmp February 5-7, 2024

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013.bmp February 5-7, 2024

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014.bmp February 5-7, 2024

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015.bmp February 5-7, 2024

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016.bmp February 5-7, 2024

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017.bmp February 5-7, 2024

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018.bmp February 5-7, 2024

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019.bmp February 5-7, 2024

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020.bmp February 5-7, 2024

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021.bmp February 5-7, 2024

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TSS 3.0 has a wider angle of coverage Is that better? TSS 2.5+ Test 30-26

February 5-7, 2024

TSS 3.0 Test 30-27

Slide 102

Using the images to evaluate the speed of other items of interest

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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• Bicycle • Pedestrian • Scooter • Cross-traffic

February 5-7, 2024

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Mechanical Governor at the throttle of the scooter to control the speed

February 5-7, 2024

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2 feet between each

February 5-7, 2024

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Test 30-24

Image 019

February 5-7, 2024

Image 018

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GoPro camera View Test 30-24

February 5-7, 2024

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Lumix Camera view Test 30-24

February 5-7, 2024

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Test 30-24

February 5-7, 2024

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Time between 018 and 019 0.600 seconds

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7.33 feet February 5-7, 2024

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Test 30-24 travel distance 7.33 feet TSS TIME 0.600 SEC. Calculated Speed 12.22 fps 8.33 mph

February 5-7, 2024

GOPRO TIME 0.591 SEC. Calculated Speed 12.40 fps 8.45 mph

LUMIX CAMERA TIME 0.601 SEC. Calculated Speed 12.20 fps 8.32 mph

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Test 30-25

Image 019

February 5-7, 2024

Image 017

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Time between 017 and 019 1.200 seconds

February 5-7, 2024

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14.5 feet

February 5-7, 2024

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Test 30-25 travel distance 14.5 feet TSS TIME 1.200 SEC. Calculated Speed 12.08 fps 8.24 mph

February 5-7, 2024

GOPRO TIME 1.166 SEC. Calculated Speed 12.44 fps 8.48 mph

LUMIX CAMERA TIME 1.167 SEC. Calculated Speed 12.43 fps 8.48 mph

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Test 30-26

Image 017

February 5-7, 2024

Image 016

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Time between 016 and 017 0.600 seconds

February 5-7, 2024

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7.5 Feet

February 5-7, 2024

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Test 30-26 travel distance 7.5 feet TSS TIME 0.600 SEC. Calculated Speed 12.50 fps 8.52 mph

February 5-7, 2024

GOPRO TIME 0.60 SEC. Calculated Speed 12.5 fps 8.52 mph

LUMIX CAMERA TIME 0.583 SEC. Calculated Speed 12.86 fps 8.77 mph

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Test 25-27

Image 018 February 5-7, 2024

Image 020 Slide 120

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Time between 018 and 020 1.200 seconds

February 5-7, 2024

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13.3 Feet

February 5-7, 2024

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Test 25-27 travel distance 13.5 feet TSS TIME 1.200 SEC. Calculated Speed 11.08 fps 7.56 mph

February 5-7, 2024

VBOX SPORT Speed Range 7.21 to 7.67 mph Average 7.44 mph

STALKER RADAR ATS Speed Range 7.2 to 7.7 mph Average 7.45 mph

Slide 123

What is the distance from the front Bumper to the bottom of the image at the ground?

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 124

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Notice on this image the bubble wrap and the gaffer's tape on the hood Both are elevated above a single layer of ¼” bubble wrap As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

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1 foot between each

February 5-7, 2024

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Test 35-23, Frame 018 The vehicle is stopped

42” at base of image ? Reference Zero 24”

February 5-7, 2024

12” 36” Slide 127

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Measuring from the front bumper

February 5-7, 2024

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Distance from front bumper to the reference zero, 152”

152” – 42” = 110” February 5-7, 2024

Slide 129

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Test 30-26, Frame 18 The vehicle is stopped

Reference Zero 24”

12” 36”

52” at base of image?

48”

February 5-7, 2024

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Measuring from the front bumper February 5-7, 2024

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Distance form front bumper160.5 “

160.5”-52” = 108.5” February 5-7, 2024

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Forward facing camera

February 5-7, 2024

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String just touching the hood

February 5-7, 2024

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Measuring from the front bumper to where the string contacts the road

February 5-7, 2024

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2021 Toyota Camry 110.5” from bumper to ground contact

Test 35-23, 110” Test 30-26, 108.5” February 5-7, 2024

Slide 137

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PCS events based on tests with the 2021 Toyota Camry TSS 2.5+ PCS

SUDDEN BRAKING HISTORY

Total Time of Data 9 sec.

Total Time of Data 10.2 sec.

Data Time Pre-Trigger 4.95 sec.

Data Time Pre-Trigger 5 sec.

Data Time Post-Trigger 4.05 sec. Sample rate generally ranges between 0.15 to 0.5 sec.

February 5-7, 2024

Data Time Post-Trigger 5.2 sec Sample rate 0.15 sec. except at trigger time

ABS OPERATION HISTORY

Not always triggered during a PCS event Total Time of Data 10.2 sec. Data Time Pre-Trigger 5.05 sec Data Time Pre-Trigger 5.15 sec. Sample rate 0.15 sec. except at trigger time

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Driver applies the brake Brake Hold lasts for 2 seconds

February 5-7, 2024

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Vbox GPS speed matches vehicle radar speed Target Relative Velocity speed is offset…….

February 5-7, 2024

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Shows good match of Vbox GPS and vehicle radar speed

February 5-7, 2024

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Radar drops out

February 5-7, 2024

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Brake Hold Flag active for 2 seconds Brake light turns on 0.3 seconds before deceleration begins

February 5-7, 2024

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Good match of Vbox and vehicle radar speed

February 5-7, 2024

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Example of TSS 2.5+ deceleration surging

February 5-7, 2024

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Measured brake pedal force Brake Oil Pressure registers only when driver applies the brake pedal

February 5-7, 2024

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Example of TSS 2.5+ deceleration surge

February 5-7, 2024

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Measured brake pedal force

Brake Oil Pressure only registers when brake pedal is applied

February 5-7, 2024

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Showing the triggering offsets

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 152

The following slides showing speed accuracy are based on tests with a 2021 Toyota Camry SE

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

• OEM tire size 235/45R18 • Installed tires Hankook Kinergy GT 235/45R18 • Original tread depth 10/32 • Measured tread depth 7/32 • Tread wear 3/32

February 5-7, 2024

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• The tires were inflated to the recommended pressure

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Full throttle Error 1.5% 1.0 mph

Error 1.4% 0.6 mph February 5-7, 2024

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Coasting

Error 1.9% 1.3 mph

February 5-7, 2024

Error 0.9% 0.6 mph

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ABS braking

Error 9.8% 4.5 mph February 5-7, 2024

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ABS braking

Error 11.4% 6.5 mph February 5-7, 2024

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15% to 25% Throttle

Error 1.0% 0.7 mph

February 5-7, 2024

Error 1.8% 1.2 mph

Slide 158

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ABS braking Error 8.4% 2.9 mph

Error 37.7% 3.8 mph February 5-7, 2024

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Full Throttle 1.95 mph 2.8 % 1.3 mph 2.5 % 1.23 mph 4.0 %

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 160

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2.25 mph 3.4 %

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2.22 mph 3.4 %

Constant Speed

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 161

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1.93 mph 4.7 %

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1.04 mph 2.6 %

Coasting

February 5-7, 2024

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TSS-P, AEB Average decel is 0.85 g

February 5-7, 2024

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TSS 2.5+, AEB Average decel is 0.72 g

February 5-7, 2024

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TSS 3.0, AEB Average decel is 0.89 g

February 5-7, 2024

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Summary • Speed typically underreported by 1.0 % to 4.7 %, ABS braking can be much higher • AEB decel rates TSS-P 0.85 g, TSS2.5 0.72 g, TSS-3.0 0.89 g • Brake Light Illuminated, TSS-2.5 0.3 sec before decel, TSS=3.0 at begin of decel

February 5-7, 2024

• Brake Hold, TSS-P TSS-2.5, for 2.0 sec. after stopped, TSS-3.0 until the driver applies brake • Driver input can cancel AEB • Lower edge of Image skims the hood from the camera

Slide 166

WE’RE HIRING!

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

WHY APERTURE? We are a fast-growing company with a strong track record of success in our industry. • Competitive salaries and benefits • Positive work environment with a culture of collaboration and innovation • Committed to employee development and growth • Mission-driven company • Strong commitment to employee and client satisfaction

BENEFITS:

• Fun, energetic, casual office environment • Hybrid work schedule • Medical, dental, vision, and life insurance

TRUTH IN FOCUS

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KEY POSITIONS:

Forensic Engineer/Expert

• Accident Reconstruction • Biomechanics • Digital Forensics • Reconstruction Simulations • Product Liability • Premises Liability • Construction Consulting • Human Factors

• 401K with company discretionary matching • Paid holidays, vacation, and personal time • Aperture covers 100% of medical benefit premiums (does not include dental or vision)

SCAN TO VISIT OUR CAREERS PAGE! If you are looking for a challenging and rewarding opportunity to work with a talented team, we encourage you to visit our website and apply for a position at Aperture!

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Heavy Vehicle EDR The new, the annoying, and the ugly Charles Getz, P.E. Delta |v| Forensic Engineering

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 1

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Charles Getz • Started at D|v| in 2016 • Moved to EDR department in 2017 • Licensed PE in 2020 • DOWNLOADS • Build cables and simulators • Contributor to SAE HVEDR course (C1022) • Buckling under the weight of old car ownership

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 2

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Heavy Vehicle EDR Your update on the ever-changing world of heavy trucks

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 3

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Outline • Detroit • PACCAR • Mack/Volvo • Electric trucks • Misc.

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 4

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Detroit Diesel

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 5

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Detroit • CPC3 replaces the CPC4 • CPC3 implementation around 2019 • CPC4 still present in Detroit Diesel engine implementation (fire apparatus, bus, M2)

• CPC5 replaces the CPC3 • CPC5 implementation around 2022

• CPC4 > CPC3 > CPC5

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 6

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Detroit

CPC4

CPC5

CPC3

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 7

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Board size comparison to case size for CPC3.

CPC5 smaller case is a true reflection of the actual board size.

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 8

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Detroit • Yellow label CPC4 compared to White label CPC4 • Visually the same apart from label color • Functionally different in terms of communication speed

• First appeared around 2017 non-facelift Cascadia

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 9

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

417 of 1000

Detroit • CPC3 timing anomaly still present in CPC5 • Interval between data points shown in DDEC Reports is either 1x and 2x • If data has the anomaly no current way to correct for it

February 5-7, 2024

Graph showing the difference in duration due to the anomaly

Slide 10

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

418 of 1000

Detroit • Timing anomaly documented in SAE 2019-01-0636 • Affected CPC’s can be identified with loops in the Daily Engine Usage data. • Loops only appear in affected modules after 120 mins of run time

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 11

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

419 of 1000

Data from a 2024 Freightliner (CPC5)

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 12

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

420 of 1000

Blank HB/LS Records in a 2018 CPC3 equipped tractor

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 13

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

421 of 1000

PACCAR

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 14

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

422 of 1000

PACCAR • PCI was an engine controller since before I was born • PCI faststop disabled on the user level due to unreliability • PCI2 introduced completely new electronics architecture • PCI and ACM integrated into 1 unit • VECU and CECU integrated into 1 unit

• PCI2 faststop reenabled

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 15

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

423 of 1000

PACCAR

PCI

PCI2

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 16

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

424 of 1000

PACCAR • PCI direct system up to 2019 • PCI-VECU system 2019-2021

PCI Quickcheck Layout

• Input VIN to DAVIE4 before going to the truck to determine PCI or PCI2 to better advise your client on data PCI-VECU Quickcheck Layout

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 17

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

425 of 1000

PACCAR • PCI-2 from 2023 • Similar architecture to VECU tractors

• VECU-2 must be on network to access PCI-2 • Could be an issue depending on damage to tractor PCI2 Quickcheck Layout

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 18

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

426 of 1000

PACCAR • 2 different versions of Faststop records in PCI2 • 2 seconds pre-trigger, 1 second post-trigger • 5 seconds pre-trigger, 5 seconds post-trigger

• 2&1 trucks are the early PCI2 production • Data has numerous issues • No idea if trucks will be re-flashed and become 5&5

• 5&5 trucks are newer PCI2 production • Some 5&5 records are affected by the same issues as 2&1 • Most 5&5 records are reliable

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 19

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

427 of 1000

PACCAR

Unreliable 2&1 FSR February 5-7, 2024

Slide 20

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

428 of 1000

PACCAR

Unreliable 2&1 FSR February 5-7, 2024

Slide 21

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

429 of 1000

PACCAR

Unreliable 2&1 FSR February 5-7, 2024

Slide 22

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

430 of 1000

PACCAR

Unreliable 5&5 FSR February 5-7, 2024

Slide 23

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

431 of 1000

PACCAR

Reliable 5&5 FSR February 5-7, 2024

Slide 24

s. i e

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

432 of 1000

Pete bilt

ehicle peed

Testing done on a 2023 Peterbilt with a VBox 3i

peed

i e sec

ehicle peed

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 25

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

433 of 1000

PACCAR

Reliable 2&1 FSR? February 5-7, 2024

Slide 26

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

434 of 1000

PACCAR

Weird 2022? Related records? February 5-7, 2024

Slide 27

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

435 of 1000

Mack/Volvo

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 28

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

436 of 1000

Mack/Volvo • Mack data support: 1999 to current • VMAC III: 1999-2007 • VMAC IV: 2007-current • J1939 port: 2007-2013 • J1962 (OBD) port: 2014-current

• Volvo data support: 2011 to current • VMAC IV: 2011-current • J1939 port: 2011-2013 • J1962 (OBD) port: 2014-current

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 29

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

437 of 1000

Mack/Volvo • VMAC III and IV store incident data in the VECU • VMAC III uses VECU • VMAC IV uses VECU4 and VECU5 • VECU4 used until 2021 • VECU5 used 2022+ • Applies to all class 8’s N , NL, PI, AN, E, LR, GR) • 2022+ Mack MD still uses VECU4

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 30

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

438 of 1000

Mack/Volvo

VECU4

February 5-7, 2024

VECU5

Slide 31

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

439 of 1000

Mack/Volvo • Ea ly MAC III 999≈ : ha d b a es • Late MAC III ≈ -2007): 1 hard brake, 1 last stop • VMAC IV VECU4 (2007-2021): 1 acceleration triggered event, 1 last stop • VMAC IV VECU5 (2022-current): 2 Type 1 events, 1 Type 2 event

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 32

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

440 of 1000

Mack/Volvo • Type 1 event triggers: • Acceleration Threshold • ABS Activation • ACC External Brake Request • Yaw Control Activation • Roll Over Protection Activation • Engine Overspeed Protection Activation

• Type 2 event trigger: • Last Stop

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 33

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

441 of 1000

Mack/Volvo VECU Signals Vehicle Speed

Yaw Control Engine Control

Engine Speed

Yaw Control Brake Control

Accelerator Pedal Position

Audible Follow Distance Alert Control

Service Brake Status

Vehicle Incident XBR Activation Control Mode

Park Brake Status

Engine Brake Torque Mode

Clutch Status

Right Lane Departure Warning

Engine Brake Status

Left Lane Departure Warning

Cruise Control Status

Seat Belt Status

Key Switch Position

Current Gear

CCVS State

Actual Engine Brake Torque

ABS State

Brake Application Pressure

Roll-Over Protection Engine Control

Crash Notify

Roll-Over Protection Brake Control

Steering Angle Position

Existing VECU4 Signals

February 5-7, 2024

New VECU5 Signals

Slide 34

ol o

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

442 of 1000

s. i e

peed

ehicle peed

Testing done on a 2024 Volvo with a VBox 3i

i e s

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 35

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

443 of 1000

Mack/Volvo • Data is accurate but there are some issues • Last Stop is broken in all current VECU5 software versions • Should be fixed on late production 2023 trucks

• Early production 2021 (early MY 2022) TE and LR had all recording disabled

• Early 2022 had corrupt data in all records • Data corruption is obvious

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 36

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

444 of 1000

Current broken VM4+ last stop record.

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 37

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

445 of 1000

Corrupted data from an early production 2022 unit.

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 38

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

446 of 1000

Mack/Volvo & Cummins

Mack

Volvo

M/V Engine

M/V Data

Cummins Engine

M/V Data Cummins Data

Cummins Data

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 39

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

447 of 1000

Electric

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 40

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

448 of 1000

Volvo VNR-Electric • Still contains VECU5, incident logs just like a regular VNL • No

o e “Engine ECU”

• Fake engine RPM signal in logs

• 12V/24V/600V architecture • Be cautious if tractor is damaged

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 41

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

449 of 1000

Freightliner eCascadia • till contains “CPC” • Called ECPC

• NO MORE DDEC REPORTS • Only Detroit data via DL8 • Most have Detroit Assurance

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 42

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

450 of 1000

It’s li e a buffet, choose you dish

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 43

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

451 of 1000

It’s li e a buffet, choose you dish

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 44

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

452 of 1000

It’s li e a buffet, choose you dish

ZF AxTrax 1

February 5-7, 2024

ZF AxTrax 2

Slide 45

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

453 of 1000

Others • Edison • Diesel-Electric • Caterpillar C9 engine • et ofit into olde chassis’

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 46

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

454 of 1000

Others • Range Energy RA-01 • Self contained unit • Used behind E-tractors or conventional tractors • Functions through standard trailer PLC connector

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 47

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

455 of 1000

Others • Tesla Semi • Nikola Tre • Based on IVECO chassis

• Neuron EV TORQ

Data?

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 48

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

456 of 1000

Miscellaneous

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 49

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

457 of 1000

New 2023 SAE Publications • Examination of Detroit Assurance® 4.0 Video Radar Decision Unit (VRDU) Records for Use in Crash Analysis • 2023-01-0009

• Examination of Bendix® Data Recording (BDR) Records for Use in Crash Analysis • 2023-01-0012

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 50

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

458 of 1000

SAE Courses • Accessing and Interpreting Heavy Vehicle Event Data Recorders C1022 • Revised each class with new information

• Advanced Applications of Heavy Vehicle EDR Data C1901 • Follow-up to C1022 • More in depth analysis of C1022 concepts

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 51

Title of the presentation Author name(s) and affiliation(s)

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 7

PREMIUM SUMMIT SPONSOR

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 6

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

461 of 1000

Mobile Forensics:

Correlating Digital Data Between Mobile Phones, Phone Records, and Vehicle Systems Shanon Burgess – Aperture, LLC.

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 1

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

462 of 1000

About Me – Shanon Burgess

• Digital Forensics Expert • Nearly a decade of experience in data acquisition, recovery, and forensic investigations. Led dayto-day operations and oversaw the digital forensic services offered to clients, including data acquisition, forensic analysis, expert testimony, and forensic consultation. Developed company-wide digital forensics procedures including but not limited to best practices, standard operating procedures, quality assurance manuals, and various protocols. • Forensically investigated litigated cases over 8 years, including, distracted driving, insurance fraud, data recovery, employee misconduct, harassment, and many other issues involving digital devices. Frequent speaker at industry events domestically and internationally, published in professional publications, and constantly sharing insightful content on topics relating to digital forensics and cybersecurity. Regularly conduct research and perform advanced data extraction techniques including forensic chip swaps, chip-off, in-system programming, and JTAG for unsupported and/or damaged devices. • Conduct research and analyze digital data from iOS, Android, vehicle systems, GPS, IOT, and other embedded devices including QNX, VxWorks, and other Real-time Operating Systems (RTOS).

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 2

Service Line – Digital Forensics

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

463 of 1000

• Mobile Forensics

• Employment Litigation

• Cloud Forensics

• Data Exfiltration

• Damaged Device Forensics

• Fraud Investigations

• Vehicle System Forensics

• Distracted Driving

• Computer Forensics

• Corporate Investigations

• IOT Forensics

• Civil Litigation

• Expert Witness Testimony

• Data Breach Investigations

• Electronic Component Testing

• Criminal Litigation

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 3

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

464 of 1000

Latest Statistics Mobile Forensics: Correlating Digital Data Between Mobile Phones, Phone Records, and Vehicle Systems

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 4

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

465 of 1000

Slide 5

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

466 of 1000

Cell Phone Usage While Driving Video Chat

10%

Snapchat

11%

Video

12%

Instagram

14%

Twitter

14%

Selfie / Photo

17%

Facebook

27%

Web Browsing

28%

33%

Text

61% 0%

10%

February 5-7, 2024

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Slide 6

70%

Distracted Driving

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

467 of 1000

POTENTIAL DATA SOURCES TO DETERMINE DRIVER DISTRACTION: • Call Detail Records • Infotainment downloads • Mobile Devices

DEVICE INTERACTION EXAMPLES: • Lock/Unlock status • Backlight status • App in foreground vs background • Screen swipes

Every interaction with your mobile device is being logged. Preserve and Acquire device ASAP Data is overwritten with continued usage.

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 7

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

468 of 1000

Call Detail Records Mobile Forensics: Correlating Digital Data Between Mobile Phones, Phone Records, and Vehicle Systems

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 8

Call Detail Records (CDRs)

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

469 of 1000

Incoming & Outgoing Calls Call Types SMS Timestamps Cell Tower Locations Data Sessions

February 5-7, 2024

Bytes Uploaded Bytes Downloaded

Slide 9

Call Detail Records – Call Logs / Texts

Calling NBR Who’s calling?

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

Mobile Role Inbound, Outbound, or Routed Call

February 5-7, 2024

470 of 1000

Duration Did a conversation take place?

Slide 10

Call Type Call or Text

Call Detail Records – Data Sessions

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

Connection Date/Time Who’s calling?

ET Time period

February 5-7, 2024

Bytes Up/Bytes Down Data uploaded or downloaded

471 of 1000

IMEI Device Identification

Slide 11

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

472 of 1000

Case Study –Call Detail Records Mobile Forensics: Correlating Digital Data Between Mobile Phones, Phone Records, and Vehicle Systems

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 12

Call Detail Records – Identification

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

10/16/2020 14:04 PM CDT or 2:04 PM

473 of 1000

Crash Report Date and Time

Approximate time frame based on crash report only February 5-7, 2024

Slide 13

Call Detail Records – Identification

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

10/16/2020 2:04 PM CDT 10/16/2020 3:05 PM CDT

474 of 1000

Time Notified Time Arrived

Investigating Officer Max Gouge Notified by Texas DPS Approximate time of accident occurred prior to notification Before 2:04 PM CDT February 5-7, 2024

Slide 14

Call Detail Records – 911 Records

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

475 of 1000

Initial 911 Call to Howard County Sheriff Office 10/16/2020 13:23:49 PM CDT or 1:23:49 Crash occurs prior to initial 911 call

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 15

Call Detail Records – Dash Photograph

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

476 of 1000

Plaintiff takes photo of dash after the crash Time depicted as 1:25 CDT Also, depicts plaintiff on a phone call after the crash February 5-7, 2024

Slide 16

Call Detail Records – Call Detail Records

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

477 of 1000

Slide 17

Call Detail Records – Timeline Analysis

Accident Occurs

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

478 of 1000

Timestamp

Event

Event Details

12:45:39 – 1:18:37 PM

Text Message Exchange

Plaintiff sends/receives 31 text messages

1:23:19 – 1:23:40 PM

First Phone Call After Accident

Plaintiffs’ first phone call after accident

1:23:49 PM

911 Call

911 Call to Howard County Sheriff Office

1:25:xx PM

Dash Photograph

Plaintiff takes photograph of dash after accident

1:38:54 PM

First Officer Arriving

Howard County Sheriff Office 911 Records

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 18

Call Detail Records – Recap

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

What are they good for:

What are they NOT good for:

Timestamps

Device interaction

479 of 1000

Incoming / Outgoing Calls SMS / MMS Referencing calls or texts that have been deleted from a mobile device

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 19

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

480 of 1000

Mobile Devices Mobile Forensics: Correlating Digital Data Between Mobile Phones, Phone Records, and Vehicle Systems

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 20

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

481 of 1000

Mobile Devices – iOS and Android

CRUCIAL SOURCE OF DIGITAL EVIDENCE IN ANY INVESTIGATION:

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 21

Mobile Devices – How do they collect data?

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

482 of 1000

Applications use core functions built into phones hardware and OS • TikTok uses your camera • Lyft uses your location • Facebook uses…..well everything

Devices vary by hardware and software versions Applications vary by developer and version Mobile device data is stored in various native formats • • • •

SQLite databases Property List files (Plist) XML files Dat files February 5-7, 2024

Slide 22

Mobile Devices – What is the data?

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

483 of 1000

Unprotected Storage

Protected Storage

Calls

Emails

Native Messages

Third-Party Application Data

Notes

Apple Pay

Media

Device Activity Logs

Health Data

Application Usage Logs

Location Data

Keychain Samsung Pay Rubin Keystore

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 23

Mobile Devices – Preservation Phase

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

484 of 1000

Document device make, model, and software version if possible Ensure device passcode is available

Secure device – Putting device into airplane mode

Turn off device and quit usage ASAP

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 24

Mobile Devices – Data Privacy & Scope

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

485 of 1000

TEXAS SUPREME COURT – NO. 20-0268 KURARAY AMERICA, INC. -DECEMBER 2022

• Party must provide some evidence that device interaction was a potential contributing cause of the incident. • Data must be tailored to encompass only the period which device interaction could have contributed to the incident. WHAT DOES THIS MEAN

• Is there evidence of distraction? • Failure to avoid • Delayed response

• Establish a timeline

• 911 Call Records • GPS/EDR Timestamps

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 25

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

486 of 1000

Mobile Device Acquisition Mobile Forensics: Correlating Digital Data Between Mobile Phones, Phone Records, and Vehicle Systems

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 26

Mobile Devices – Acquisition Phase

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

487 of 1000

What data can you acquire from a mobile device? • Manufacturer / Model • iOS / Android • OS Version • Locked / Unlocked • Known Password / Unknown Password • Damaged / Undamaged

Other factors that effect data acquisition • Is there mobile device management (MDM) software installed? • How much has the phone been used since the incident? February 5-7, 2024

Slide 27

Mobile Devices – Acquisition Types

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

488 of 1000

Not all acquisitions are created EQUAL Manual Examination Logical Acquisition Advanced Logical Acquisition Full File System Acquisition (FFS) Physical Acquisition February 5-7, 2024

Slide 28

Mobile Devices – Acquisition Types

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

Logical or Advanced Logical

Backup-style acquisition • Similar to iTunes or Android backup

Obtains the device’s unprotected storage Easy to implement Least amount of data available

489 of 1000

Full File System

Obtains the device’s unprotected and protected storage Difficult to implement • Requires the device to be supported by forensic software • Exploits are available for device based on hardware/software combination • Newest hardware and OS updates aren’t immediately available

Most amount of data available

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 29

Mobile Devices – Acquisition Types

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

Advanced Logical

February 5-7, 2024

490 of 1000

Full File System

Slide 30

Mobile Devices – Acquisition Types

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

491 of 1000

Full File System

Advanced Logical Data preserved included the following:

Small sample of data preserved included the following:

Call Logs

Device Lock Status Keybag Status

Calendars

Backlight Status

Contacts

Device Orientation

Messages (SMS/MMS)

Application in Focus

Notes

Application Intent

Photos

Application Usage

Videos

Button Presses

Corresponding Metadata

Media Playing Audio Route Plugged in Status Geolocation Artifacts Notifications Siri Usage Web Usage / History Screen Time

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 31

Mobile Devices – Acquisition Considerations

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

492 of 1000

Location of device is moot point regarding acquisitions…..most of the time: • On-site • In-lab One method currently available to protect device owners’ privacy: • Acquire everything and limit analysis based on timeline and case specifics. The quicker the device is preserved and forensically acquired; the less data is overwritten from continued normal device usage.

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 32

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

493 of 1000

Mobile Device Analysis Mobile Forensics: Correlating Digital Data Between Mobile Phones, Phone Records, and Vehicle Systems

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 33

Analysis – Device Lock Status

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

494 of 1000

0 = Unlocked 1 = Locked

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 34

Analysis – Keybag Status

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

495 of 1000

0 = Unlocked 1 = Locked

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 35

Analysis – Backlight Status

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

496 of 1000

0 = No 1 = Yes

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 36

Analysis – Orientation Status

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

497 of 1000

0 = Portrait 1 = Landscape

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 37

Analysis – Application Focus

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

498 of 1000

Slide 38

Analysis – Application Intent

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

499 of 1000

Slide 39

Analysis – Application Usage

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

500 of 1000

Slide 40

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

501 of 1000

Case Study – Device Lock Status Mobile Forensics: Correlating Digital Data Between Mobile Phones, Phone Records, and Vehicle Systems

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 41

Case Study – Background

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

502 of 1000

19:48:24 PM UTC GPS Telematics

19:48:10 PM UTC GPS Telematics

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 42

Case Study – Narrowing Timeline

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

503 of 1000

Slide 43

Case Study – Device Lock Status

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

504 of 1000

Slide 44

Case Study – Device Backlight Status

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

505 of 1000

Slide 45

Case Study – Application in Focus

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

506 of 1000

Slide 46

Case Study – Application in Focus

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

507 of 1000

Slide 47

Case Study – Outgoing 911 Call

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

508 of 1000

Slide 48

Case Study – Findings

~11 seconds after impact 19:48:35 PM UTC

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

509 of 1000

19:48:24 PM UTC GPS Telematics

19:48:10 PM UTC GPS Telematics

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 49

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

510 of 1000

Mobile Device Analysis Mobile Forensics: Correlating Digital Data Between Mobile Phones, Phone Records, and Vehicle Systems

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 50

Analysis – Media Playing

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

511 of 1000

Slide 51

Analysis – Audio Route

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

512 of 1000

Slide 52

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

513 of 1000

Case Study – Media Playing Mobile Forensics: Correlating Digital Data Between Mobile Phones, Phone Records, and Vehicle Systems

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 53

Case Study – Media Playing

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

514 of 1000

Apple Maps – Directions Activity Starts:

2:44:32 AM CDT

Activity Ends:

3:12:51 AM CDT

Origin Location: 38.7142291268483, -90.3710490090388 Destination Location: 38.6491174723279, -90.1264362271421

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 55

Case Study – Media Playing

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

515 of 1000

Slide 56

Case Study – Media Playing

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

516 of 1000

Apple Maps – Directions Activity Starts:

3:19:51 AM CDT

Activity Ends:

3:35:50 AM CDT

Origin Location: 38.6491174723279, -90.1264362271421 Destination Location: 38.6252260581072, -90.2020662273434

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 57

Case Study – Media Playing

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

517 of 1000

Slide 58

Case Study – Media Playing

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

518 of 1000

Application in Focus 3:31:00 AM CDT - 3:31:01 AM CDT Mobile Phone 3:31:01 AM CDT - 3:31:02 AM CDT App Library 3:31:02 AM CDT - 3:31:43 AM CDT Facebook

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 59

Case Study – Media Playing

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

Event

Timestamp

YouTube Music Playing

2:43:41 – 4:32:45 AM CDT

Leaves Transport Yard – Apple Maps Trips (suggested route)

3:19:51 – 3:35:50 AM CDT

Screen Off

3:22:52 AM CDT

Device Locked

3:22:55 AM CDT

Device Unlocked

3:31:00 AM CDT

Screen On

3:31:00 AM CDT

Mobile Phone App in Focus

3:31:00 - 3:31:01 AM CDT

App Library in Focus

3:31:01 - 3:31:02 AM CDT

Facebook in Focus (closes via lock button)

3:31:02 - 3:31:43 AM CDT

Device Locked

3:31:44 AM CDT

Screen Off-On-Off

3:31:44 - 3:31:52 AM CDT

Loss Notice Report – Crash Time

3:33:00 AM CDT

Device Unlocked

6:53:00 AM CDT

February 5-7, 2024

519 of 1000

Accident occurs within this timeframe?

Slide 60

Case Study – Media Playing

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

3:31:00 AM – 3:31:44 AM Device unlocked Scrolling Facebook

520 of 1000

3:32:09 AM – 3:35:03 AM YouTube Music Title “Tuff Love” Playing Matches music from dash camera video Device Locked 3:31:44 – 6:53:00 AM

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 61

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Mobile Device Analysis Mobile Forensics: Correlating Digital Data Between Mobile Phones, Phone Records, and Vehicle Systems

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 62

Analysis – Plugged In Status

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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0 = Unplugged 1 = Plugged In

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 63

Analysis – Notifications

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

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Slide 64

Analysis – Siri Usage

February 5-7, 2024

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Slide 65

Analysis – Web Usage / Internet History

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

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Slide 66

Analysis – Call History

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Primary Key: Z_PK Sequentially records all data logged into database. Missing sequences represent records that have been deleted. 243 record gap between 7/30 and 8/10

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 67

Analysis – Messaging

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Primary Key: ROWID Sequentially records all data logged into database. Missing sequences represent records that have been deleted. 23 record gap between 8/7 and 8/8

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 68

Analysis – Geolocation

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

528 of 1000

Cell Towers

WiFi Networks

Media Locations

Maps

Searched Items

Third-Party Applications

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 69

Analysis – Device Speed Data

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

529 of 1000

• Timestamp • Latitude • Longitude • Speed *instantaneous speed in meters per second • Course • Horizontal Accuracy radius of uncertainty for location • Vertical Accuracy • Altitude

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 70

Analysis – Device Speed Data

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

530 of 1000

No device interaction • GPS locations and speeds stored approximately every 15 seconds Device Interaction • GPS locations and speeds stored approximately every second • Not every app stores speed Radius Accuracy • Horizontal accuracy >= 65 meters • Indicates GPS locations were derived from the device

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 71

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Case Study – Speed Data Mobile Forensics: Correlating Digital Data Between Mobile Phones, Phone Records, and Vehicle Systems

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 72

Case Study – Device Speed Data

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

532 of 1000

Trip started at 11:34 Accident occurred at 11:49:13

 Phone unlocked and screen on from 11:34:18 to 11:51:11  Netflix app is open and running in foreground from 11:34:26 to 11:50:13  Netflix show “DC’s Legends of Tomorrow” playing entire trip from 11:34:01 to 11:49:42

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 73

Case Study – Google Location History

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

533 of 1000

Analysis: After removing duplicate recorded GPS coordinates, we were able to review and analyze 12 GPS coordinates in a 30-minute timeframe around the time of the accident. These GPS coordinates are likely generated as the phone detects multiple WiFi and cell tower connections in the area around the accident. GPS accuracies range from 111ft to 252ft.

Conclusion: The GPS data collected and stored by Google in this instance is not granular enough to determine roadway movements prior to impact.

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 74

16:50:09 16:50:09 16:50:45 16:51:23 16:51:23 16:52:44 16:52:44 16:52:44 16:53:20 16:54:18 16:58:14 16:58:14 16:58:14 17:04:02 17:07:05 17:11:07 17:12:35 17:15:05 17:21:14 85

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Case Study – Older Case Mobile Forensics: Correlating Digital Data Between Mobile Phones, Phone Records, and Vehicle Systems

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 75

Older Case – Police Report Identification

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

11/30/2021 18:09 PM CST or 6:09 PM

535 of 1000

Crash Report Date and Time

Approximate time frame based on crash report only

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 76

Older Case – Police Report Identification

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

11/30/2021 6:10 PM CST 11/30/2021 7:39 PM CST

536 of 1000

Time Notified Time Arrived

Investigating Officer Ivan Perez Notified by Terry County Sheriff’s Office Approximate time of accident occurred prior to notification Before 6:10 PM CST February 5-7, 2024

Slide 77

Older Case – Time Conversion

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

537 of 1000

Time Conversion 11/30/2021 6:09 PM 12/01/2021 12:09 AM

CST UTC

Offset UTC -6:00 hours February 5-7, 2024

Slide 78

Older Case – Full File System Acquisition

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Based on the acquisitions we obtained on November 27, 2023, we can determine the following: Device Description • Nokia C2 Tennen (TA-1218) • OS: Android 10

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 79

Older Case – Timeline Analysis

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

539 of 1000

Timestamp

Event

Event Details

5:08:59 – 5:09:20 PM

Incoming Call

From “Cheryll (MOM) Lynn Matlock” - 18068930268

5:10:10 – 5:10:45 PM

Outgoing Call

To “United Supermarket” - 8066372321

5:13:22 – 5:13:35 PM

Outgoing Call

To 8067847185

5:53:33 – 5:55:02 PM

Incoming Call

From 8067847185

5:58:25 PM

Clipboard Copy

Copied “5412 ave B” into clipboard via keyboard

5:58:40 – 6:03:22 PM

Folders Modified

Folders associated with Google Maps modified via file system

6:00:22 – 6:01:49 PM

Incoming Call

From “Cheryll (MOM) Lynn Matlock”

6:03:22 PM

Image Cached

Image viewed on-screen via Google Maps

6:09:xx PM

Crash Report Time

Estimated crash time by Officer Perez

6:10:xx PM

Time Notified - DPS

Time DPS notified by Terry County Sheriff’s Office

7:39:xx PM

Time Arrived - DPS

Time DPS arrived

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 80

Mobile Forensics – Key Takeaways

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

540 of 1000

• Preserve early – Mobile data is volatile • Determine timeline of when impact occurs • When in doubt: • Preserve data first • Determine if analysis is needed later

• Call detail records = full story • Infotainment downloads = full story

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 81

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

541 of 1000

Correlating EDR and Mobile Data Mobile Forensics: Correlating Digital Data Between Mobile Phones, Phone Records, and Vehicle Systems

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 82

Pop Quiz – What’s missing from EDR data?

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

542 of 1000

ESTABLISH A TIMELINE

• 911 Call Records • Crash Report Time • Infotainment Downloads • Telematics Data

• EDR

Device Interaction

Impact Time First 911 call

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 83

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Event Data Recorders (EDR) Active Safety Control Module (ASCM) Airbag Control Module (ACM) Forward Camera Module (FCM) Types of data include: • • • •

Snapshot Images Timestamps GPS Tracked target and alert data

Not as simple as collecting traditional EDR data • • •

Downloads can take 15 minutes Direct-to-module cables not readily available Requires secondary software….Techstream

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 84

FCM Background – Introduction

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

544 of 1000

INTRODUCED IN 2019

• Buick • Cadillac • Chevrolet • GMC

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 85

FCM Timestamps – Source of Timestamps

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

545 of 1000

THREE POTENTIAL SOURCES?

• Internal to the FCM • Internal to the Telematics and/or Infotainment module

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 86

FCM Timestamps – Source of Timestamps

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

546 of 1000

THREE POTENTIAL SOURCES?

• Internal to the FCM • Internal to the Telematics and/or Infotainment module

Camera Board

Main Board

February 5-7, 2024

Flash Memory

CAN Transceiver

Slide 87

FCM Timestamps – Source of Timestamps

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

547 of 1000

TWO POTENTIAL SOURCES?

• Internal to the FCM • Internal to the Telematics and/or Infotainment module

February 5-7, 2024

Flash Memory

RAM

Microcontroller

EyeQ4 Processor

Slide 88

Telematics Timestamps – Source?

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

548 of 1000

SOURCE

• OnStar Telematics and/or Infotainment Module

Flash Memory

February 5-7, 2024

RAM

Slide 89

Telematics Timestamps – Source?

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

549 of 1000

Two Potential Sources

• Magic! • Global Positioning System (GPS) Flash Memory

February 5-7, 2024

RAM

Slide 90

GPS – What is it?

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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• Radio navigation system employed to accurately determine position and time anywhere on Earth • Utilize satellites as time-signal transmitters • Set up to ensure from any point on Earth, at least 4 satellites are visible • Necessary to determine longitude, latitude, altitude, and time

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 91

GPS – Historical Background

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

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Slide 92

GPS – Made up of 3 functional segments

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

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Slide 93

GPS – Main Applications

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Navigation

• Automotive • Aircraft • Maritime

Location Positioning • Forensic Mapping • Surveying • Construction

Timing

• Telecommunications • Financing

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 94

Time – Definition of Time

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

554 of 1000

Typically, time is maintained by atomic clocks and satellite distribution Standard Definitions of Time : • • • •

Coordinate Universal Time (UTC) GPS Time Long Range Navigator Time (LORAN) International Atomic Time (TAI)

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 95

Time – Time Zones

February 5-7, 2024

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

555 of 1000

Slide 96

GPS– Infotainment Receiver Example

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

556 of 1000

Utilizes multiple technologies to continuously determine vehicle position with decimeter-level accuracy. • GNSS signals • Accelerometers • Vehicle sensors

Could be utilized in a similar fashion as tracklogs in Ford vehicles Research and testing is ongoing! February 5-7, 2024

Slide 97

GPS – Understanding GPS data and formats

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

557 of 1000

Radio signals sent from the satellites are referred to as GPS sentences Types of formats : • •

Currently over 60 different formats for GPS sentences National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) is the most common

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 98

$GPGGA,170241.00,3401.21189,N,11824.67797,W,1,06,2.14,71.6,M,-32.9,M,,*57

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

Position

Field Name

Example Data

Description

Sentence Type Identifier

$GPGGA

GGA protocol header

Time

170241

17:02:41 UTC

Latitude

3401.21189

ddmm.mmmm format, converts to 34.020196 or 34d 1' 12.706" N

Latitude Hemisphere

N = North, S = South

Longitude

11824.67797

dddmm.mmmm format, converts to -118.41129833 or 118d 24' 48673" W

Longitude Hemisphere

W = West, E = East

Data is from a GPS fix

- 0 = Invalid - 1 = GPS fix - 2 = DGPS fix

Number of Satellites

6 Satellites are in view

Horizontal Dilution of Precision (HDOP)

2.14

Relative accuracy of horizontal position

Altitude

71.6

71.6 meters above mean sea level

Altitude Units

M = meters

Height of geoid above WGS84 ellipsoid

-32.9

-32.9 meters

Height of geoid above WGS84 ellipsoid Units

M = meters

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 99

558 of 1000

GPS Augmentation – Telecommunications

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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GPS data sent through ground segment to telecommunications towers

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 100

GPS Augmentation – Mobile Devices

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

560 of 1000

Utilize Assisted GPS (A-GPS) Benefits/Drawbacks : •

• •

Retrieves “assistance data” over packet data communication Device can obtain GPS position faster Not as accurate as telecommunications implementation

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 101

Timestamp Testing – Setup

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

561 of 1000

Video Vbox • Serves as reference time Test Devices: • Apple iPhone 15 Pro Max • Samsung A51 • Google Pixel Carriers: • AT&T • T-Mobile

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 102

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

562 of 1000

Timestamp Testing – CDR Call Mobile Forensics: Correlating Digital Data Between Mobile Phones, Phone Records, and Vehicle Systems

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 103

Timestamp Testing – CDR Call

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

563 of 1000

Initial phone movement due to finger press

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 105

Timestamp Testing – CDR Call

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Initial screen change – contact highlighted in grey

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 106

Timestamp Testing – CDR Call

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

565 of 1000

Grey highlight disappears

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 107

Timestamp Testing – CDR Call

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

566 of 1000

Screen change complete

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 108

Timestamp Testing – CDR Call

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

567 of 1000

Timestamp

Event

Event Details

23:13:01.56

Button Press

Video Vbox Timestamp

23:13:01.69

Contact Highlighted

Video Vbox Timestamp

23:13:01.83

Highlight Disappears

Video Vbox Timestamp

23:13:01.93

Screen change complete

Video Vbox Timestamp

23:13:02.xx

Call Started

CDR Timestamp

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 109

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

568 of 1000

Timestamp Testing – CDR Text and FCM Mobile Forensics: Correlating Digital Data Between Mobile Phones, Phone Records, and Vehicle Systems

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 110

Timestamp Testing – CDR Text and FCM

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

569 of 1000

Initial Warning

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 112

Timestamp Testing – CDR Text and FCM

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

570 of 1000

Second Warning

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 113

Timestamp Testing – CDR Text and FCM

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

571 of 1000

Initial Button Press

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 114

Timestamp Testing – CDR Text and FCM

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

572 of 1000

Third Warning

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 115

Timestamp Testing – CDR Text and FCM

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

573 of 1000

Text shows sent

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 116

Timestamp Testing – CDR Text and FCM

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

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Slide 117

Timestamp Testing – CDR Text and FCM

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Timestamp

Event

Event Details

20:19:19.15

Initial Warning Light

Video Vbox Timestamp

20:19:19.41

Second Warning Light

Video Vbox Timestamp

20:19:19.48

Initial Button Press

Video Vbox Timestamp

20:19:19.65

Third Warning Light

Video Vbox Timestamp

20:19:19.82

Sent Text shows on iPhone screen

Video Vbox Timestamp

20:19:19.xx

FCM Time at Event

FCM Timestamp

20:19:19.xx

Text Sent

CDR Timestamp

20:19:19.xx

Text Sent

iPhone Timestamp

20:19:21.xx

Text Received

Samsung Timestamp

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 118

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

576 of 1000

Timestamp Testing – Multiple Text and FCM Mobile Forensics: Correlating Digital Data Between Mobile Phones, Phone Records, and Vehicle Systems

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 119

Timestamp Testing – Multiple Text and FCM

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

577 of 1000

Android text sent

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 121

Timestamp Testing – Multiple Text and FCM

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

578 of 1000

iPhone text received

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 122

Timestamp Testing – Multiple Text and FCM

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

579 of 1000

Initial Warning

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 123

Timestamp Testing – Multiple Text and FCM

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

580 of 1000

Second Warning

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 124

Timestamp Testing – Multiple Text and FCM

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

581 of 1000

iPhone button press

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 125

Timestamp Testing – Multiple Text and FCM

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

582 of 1000

Third Warning

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 126

Timestamp Testing – Multiple Text and FCM

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

583 of 1000

iPhone text shows sent

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 127

Timestamp Testing – Multiple Text and FCM

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

584 of 1000

Android text shows received

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 128

Timestamp Testing – Multiple Text and FCM

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 129

585 of 1000

Timestamp Testing – Multiple Text and FCM

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

Timestamp

Event

Event Details

23:19:47.79

Android Text Sent

Video Vbox Timestamp

23:19:48.56

First iPhone Text Received

Video Vbox Timestamp

23:19:49.79

Initial Warning Light

Video Vbox Timestamp

23:19:50.02

Second Warning Light

Video Vbox Timestamp

23:19:50.19

iPhone button press

Video Vbox Timestamp

23:19:50.29

Third Warning Light

Video Vbox Timestamp

23:19:50.52

iPhone shows text sent

Video Vbox Timestamp

23:19:51.99

Android shows text received

Video Vbox Timestamp

23:19:47.xx

Android text sent

Android Timestamp

23:19:48.xx

First iPhone Text Received

iPhone Timestamp

23:19:50.xx

iPhone text sent

iPhone Timestamp

23:19:50.xx

Android text received

Android Timestamp

23:19:50.xx

FCM Time at Event

FCM Timestamp

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 130

586 of 1000

Timestamp Testing – Overall

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

587 of 1000

Event

Vbox Timestamp

FCM Timestamp

Test 3

20:15:56.95

20:15:57.xx

Test 4

20:19:19.15

20:19:19.xx

Test 7

22:22:26..46

22:22:26.xx

Test 8

22:28:20.01

22:28:20.xx

Test 9

23:13:07.23

23:13:07.xx

Test 10

23:19:49.79

23:19:50.xx

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 131

Timestamps – Key Takeaways

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

588 of 1000

• FCM timestamps accurate to the second • Call Detail Record timestamps accurate to the second • Mobile device timestamps accurate to the second • Some anomalies exist

• Best practice – compare and correct mobile device timestamps via call detail record timestamps, as needed

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 132

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

589 of 1000

Aperture – Question and Answer shanon.burgess@aperturellc.com

Cell: +1(256) 339-6184

LinkedIn - Shanon Burgess

www.aperturellc.com

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 133

112

WE’RE HIRING! WHY APERTURE? We are a fast-growing company with a strong track record of success in our industry. • Competitive salaries and benefits • Positive work environment with a culture of collaboration and innovation • Committed to employee development and growth • Mission-driven company • Strong commitment to employee and client satisfaction

BENEFITS:

• Fun, energetic, casual office environment • Hybrid work schedule • Medical, dental, vision, and life insurance

TRUTH IN FOCUS KEY POSITIONS:

Forensic Engineer/Expert

• Accident Reconstruction • Biomechanics • Digital Forensics • Reconstruction Simulations • Product Liability • Premises Liability • Construction Consulting • Human Factors

• 401K with company discretionary matching • Paid holidays, vacation, and personal time • Aperture covers 100% of medical benefit premiums (does not include dental or vision)

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

591 of 1000

ATSPM / EDR

Automated Traffic Signal Performance Measures and EDR Ramon Homan Homan Collision Reconstruction

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 1

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

592 of 1000

Ramon Homan • San Diego County Sheriff 19912016 • STAR (Sheriff’s Traffic Accident Reconstruction)team member • Drug Recognition Expert Instructor • Consulting work in Utah and surrounding areas

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 2

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

593 of 1000

ATSPM Automated Traffic Signal Performance Measures

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 3

Issues Prior to ATSPM

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

594 of 1000

•Intersections were independent

•Problems were addressed via

• Public complaint received • High number of intersection related crashes February 5-7, 2024

Slide 4

7 Types of Traffic Signal Detection

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

•Detection is how the signal controller knows when someone is at the signal, e.g., vehicles pedestrians or others February 5-7, 2024

Slide 5

595 of 1000

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

596 of 1000

Detection: Inductive Loops • Coil of wire buried in the pavement acts as a metal detector. • Most reliable detector for vehicles. • Can't be moved if the road is restriped. • Saw cuts damage pavement; pavement work destroys loop. • Doesn't do well with bikes - not enough metal. • Can last decades if properly installed. February 5-7, 2024

Slide 6

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Detection: Video • Processor looks for changes in an optical image. • Not installed in pavement ("non-intrusive") • Zones can be moved for construction, restriping, etc. • Less reliable; optical image susceptible to:

• Weather (snow, fog, movement from wind, etc.) • Darkness • Shadows or puddles • Sun glare • Dirty lens • Vehicle color vs. pavement color

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 7

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

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Slide 8

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Detection zones

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 9

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Detection: Wireless Magnetometer • Battery-powered puck embedded in pavement detects changes in Earth's magnetic field • Can't be moved if the road is re-striped, but pucks are not that expensive • Pavement work destroys the puck • Special pucks available for bikes and pedestrians February 5-7, 2024

Slide 10

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

601 of 1000

Detection: Wireless Magnetometer • Battery life: Vendor says 10 years. Seems like less. • Not often installed, most that were installed no longer in service • Still used where only a single detector is needed cheap

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 11

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Detection: Thermal Video Detection (FLIR) • Processor looks for changes in an infrared (thermal) image. • Not installed in pavement ("non-intrusive") • Zones can be moved for construction, re-striping, etc.

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 12

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Detection: Thermal Video Detection (FLIR) • Can detect pedestrians and cyclists. • Thermal image is better than optical, but still susceptible to:

• Movement from wind • Heavy rain or snow on pavement • Vehicles that don't generate a large heat signature?

• Some are also used for wrong-way vehicle detection.

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 13

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

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Slide 14

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Fisheye Camera (GridSmart) • Processor looks for changes in an optical image. • Not installed in pavement ("non-intrusive") • Zones can be moved for construction, re-striping, etc. • Can detect pedestrians and cyclists. • Fisheye camera mounting reduces some problems with video. • Processors are more robust, more reliable.

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 15

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

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Slide 16

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Detection: Dilemma Zone Radar • Looks for MOVING objects using microwave radar. • Not installed in pavement ("non-intrusive") • Zones can be moved for construction, re-striping, etc. • Can detect cyclists.

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 17

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Detection: Dilemma Zone Radar • Looks out 50-900 feet from sensor, can only detect moving objects. • Usually used in conjunction with another detection type at stop bar. • Used on high-speed approaches. • Common in Utah: ~49% of signals have at least some Advance.

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 18

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Detection: Stop Bar Radar (Wavetronix Matrix) • Looks for objects using microwave radar. • Not installed in pavement ("non-intrusive") • Zones can be moved for construction, re-striping, etc. • Can detect pedestrians and cyclists. • Radar is better than video, but still susceptible to:

• Heavy rain or snow on sensor face • Rutted snow on pavement • Objects in the detection path (signs, trees, signal infrastructure)

• Most common detection in Utah: ~73% of signals have at least some Matrix.

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 19

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

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Slide 20

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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What are ATSPMs?

• Automated traffic signal performance measures are a collection of data analytics tools and approaches that automatically collect and convert high-resolution traffic controller data into actionable performance measures. • Shows real-time and historical functionality at signalized intersections.

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 21

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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What are ATSPMs?

• Enables traffic engineers to make accurate decisions about signal performance and timing. • Reduces the need to physically respond to a given intersection. • Reduces cost.

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 22

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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ATSPMs are the outcome of signal state and detector events that are recorded through a traffic signal’s data recorder. The logs are transferred where the data is processed by ATSPM software February 5-7, 2024

Slide 23

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

614 of 1000

Some of that data includes

Wait times February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Left Turn Gap Analysis February 5-7, 2024

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Pedestrian Delay February 5-7, 2024

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Purdue Coordination Diagram February 5-7, 2024

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Yellow and Red Actuations February 5-7, 2024

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Timing and Actuation February 5-7, 2024

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Definitions

• WBT = WESTBOUND THROUGH • EBT = EASTBOUND THROUGH • SBT = SOUTHBOUND THROUGH • NBT = NORTHBOUND THROUGH • WBL = WESTBOUND LEFT • EBL = EASTBOUND LEFT • SBL = SOUTHBOUND LEFT • NBL = NORTHBOUND LEFT February 5-7, 2024

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Definitions continued

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•L1 = NUMBER 1 LEFT TURN LANE •L2 = NUMBER 2 LEFT TURN LANE •T1 = NUMBER 1 THROUGH LANE •T2 = NUMBER 2 THROUGH LANE •R1 = NUMBER 1 RIGHT TURN LANE •TL1 = COMBINATION THROUGH LEFT TURN LANE •TR1 = COMBINATION THROUGH RIGHT TURN LANE February 5-7, 2024

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Definitions continued

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• Stop bar presence means a 65-foot detector zone from 1 foot behind the stop line back up the roadway from the intersection in the approach lanes. • Lane by lane count is any car that breaks the stop line. It is about 1.5 ft wide and is programmed from the furthest edge of the stop line towards the crosswalk. • Pedestrian intervals are walk, countdown, and no walk sign actuation. • Ped Detector Actuation is the manual walk button pressed by a pedestrian. • Advance Count indicates how far the detector reads in advance from the intersection (e.g. 350ft, listed at intersection) It is all the approach lanes counted in aggregate.

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Examples

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• You’re given a police report containing a collision time. •Is that time accurate? • Probably off by up to several minutes

• Bracket a range before and after. February 5-7, 2024

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Conflict

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•Within the bracketed range, and knowing the direction of travel of both vehicles, look for a conflict, e.g. EBL and WBT. Perhaps. February 5-7, 2024

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•Does that conflict match up with your

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•Area of impact •Damage profile •Witness statements •Time/distance

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•Remember, a conflict doesn’t necessarily mean a crash occurred. A driver can run a red light without crashing into someone.

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Accuracy or Latency?

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• To determine if the number of vehicles passing the stop bar on red is unrealistic, UDOT asked Avenue Consultants to verify if a latency exists from the time a vehicle passes through the intersection to the time the controller logs the event. The goal of this study is to determine if a standard latency value could be applied at all intersections with the YRA ATSPM to calibrate the output to show more realistic results. February 5-7, 2024

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Latency

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• All vehicle detectors have some inherent latency before it gets to the signal controller and gets time-stamped. For example, the Wavetronix Matrix smartsensor in Figure 1.23 Detector call path explaining various points of potential latency below - a vehicle is first detected in the Wavetronix Matrix detector zone. Then, the Matrix detector zone passes the call to the Wavetronix detector cards or Wavetronix Click 650 device, which in turn passed the call to the signal controller where it receives a time-stamp that it turned the zone on. The same process is followed for turning the zone off.

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Bottom line • Overall, the mean latency was 1.24 seconds with a standard deviation of 0.31 seconds. • While the average latency varied by approach, from 0.89 seconds to 1.82 seconds, the 95% confidence intervals indicate that the mean latency across all sites is likely between 1.22 seconds and 1.26 seconds.

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Using EDR data with ATSPM

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Subaru westbound (TL4) stopping for permissive yellow to turn southbound. Toyota eastbound in third lane (TL3).

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https://udottraffic.utah.gov/atspm

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Click on “Timing and Actuation” and then Legend

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Input your date and time and hit “Create Chart”

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5 minutes either side of reported crash time. Looking for conflict between TL3 and TL4

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Reduce time bracket to 5 minutes.

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Reduce time to 1 minute

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Tie it all together with the EDR data and simulations

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ASCM / FCM – CDR Data Application Tommy Beetham - General Motors

February 5-7, 2024

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Tommy Beetham • ADAS Data Technical Specialist with GM’s Engineering Analysis team Focused on:

• ADAS event data recovery, analysis, and summary tools • Internal/external ADAS training and development • EDR related studies and publications

• GM ADAS Systems experience:

• Object Fusion and Longitudinal Control Performance Engineer • GM Light Duty Trucks • ADAS Lead Performance Calibration Engineer • GMC Hummer EV • Lead Automated Driving Engineer • Cadillac Lyriq

February 5-7, 2024

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ASCM / FCM CDR Data Application - Contents

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Case #1 - Event of Interest Overview - Case Critical Information review

Correlating a CDR Report to the Event of Interest - How do we correlate ASCM records to the Event of Interest?

ASCM EDR Content Highlights - Enhancements regarding GM ASCM EDR capability

ASCM Data Review for the Event of Interest - What can we discern from ASCM data points for this Event of Interest?

Case #1 - Summary

Case #2 – Event of Interest Overview - Case critical information.

Case #2 – Data Correlation

Case #2 – Data Analysis

Case #2 - Summary

February 5-7, 2024

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ASCM Case Study #1 ASCM / FCM – CDR Data Application

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ASCM Case Study #1

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Case Critical Information • Subject Vehicle (SV) VIN: 1GTIIHE80XXXXXXXX

• MY23 GMC Sierra – 1500 (5083 miles @event) • Vehicle Content: ASCM w/ fused sensor system • FCM Supports Event Image Capture*

• Event of Interest Date and Time: 26-NOV-2022 @approximately 2:15pm EST • Event of Interest Location: Baldwin Rd South, North of Baldwin / Brown Rd Intersection, Orion Twp, MI

Credit: Google Maps

• Brief Narrative from incident report: SV was travelling south, while an Adverse Vehicle ahead in the lane (initially stopped) began to accelerate from a stop and then quickly decelerated. As SV approached the AV a Forward Collision Alert (flashing collision alert icon in Heads Up Display) was issued. *Note: FCM image recovery available in future CDR sw versions February 5-7, 2024

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How do we correlate ASCM CDR records to the Event of Interest? • Subject Vehicle VIN: CDR “System Status at Retrieval” (ASCM) contain confirmation of VIN retrieved from the Subject Vehicle module of interest.

xxxxxxxx

• Event of Interest Type: “CDR File Information” section of the Bosch CDR report will contain confirmation of the “Event(s) Recovered”  ASCM reports three events recorded and recovered by CDR, including two AEB events

• Conclusion: The ASCM CDR Report has recovered data from the Subject Vehicle and the Event types align with that which would be expected to be recovered from said vehicle. February 5-7, 2024

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How do we correlate ASCM CDR records to the Event of Interest? • Event of interest Date and Time: System Status at Event (for each record) will provide the UTC Date and Time at Event • Date: Used to coarsely align specific records within the CDR reports with the Event of Interest  One Event was recorded on 26-NOV-2022

• Time: Used to more precisely align specific records within the CDR reports with the Event of Interest  One AEB event was recorded @19:15:49 UTC  2:15:49pm EST

• Conclusion: ASCM Record 2 – AEB Event correlates to our Event of Interest, day and time. *Note: the designation of Record “1, 2, or 3” does not indicate chronological order. February 5-7, 2024

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How do we correlate ASCM CDR records to the Event of Interest? • GPS Location: System Status at Event (for the specific record of interest) will provide the GPS Longitudinal and Latitudinal Position for each Record.  GPS Coordinates Reported: Latitudinal = 42.70929, Longitudinal = -83.30731 GPS Coordinates

Baldwin Rd S. Brown Rd

Case Critical Info: “Baldwin Rd South, North of Baldwin / Brown Rd Intersection, Orion Twp, MI”

• Conclusion: ASCM Record 2- AEB Event GPS Location aligns with the location described in the Case Critical Information February 5-7, 2024

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How do we correlate ASCM CDR records to the Event of Interest? • GPS Location / Street View Images: If available, images from the scene or Front Camera Module (FCM) can be compared to an online data base (ex. google maps).  FCM Images Retrieved: Comparison between Streetview at GPS Coordinates and FCM images Google Maps Streetview

GPS Coordinates

Image retrieved from FCM*

• Conclusion: ASCM Record 2- AEB Event GPS Location as displayed by Google Maps Streetview aligns with the FCM image recovered from the subject vehicle. *Note: CDR Image recovery capability for MY23 Sierra expected to be released in CDR version 24.0 February 5-7, 2024

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How do we correlate ASCM CDR records to the Event of Interest? • Subject Vehicle Odometer: System Status at Event (for each record) may provide the vehicle’s odometer reading at the time of recording.  ASCM recorded the odometer at the time of event as 5083mi

• Conclusion: If the Subject Vehicle Odometer reading was provided in the Case Critical Details, this piece of data from the ASCM could further corroborate ASCM Record 2 to the Event of Interest.

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ASCM EDR Content Highlights ASCM / FCM – CDR Data Application

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Enhancements regarding GM ASCM capability Legacy ASCMs (EOCM 1, 2)

Current Gen. ASCMs (EOCM 3, ACPx)

Number of Event Buffers

Buffer Size

4,000 bytes

10,430 bytes

Event Record Length (seconds)

Four seconds prior to event trigger.

Recording Triggers

Number of Data Elements and Sampling Rates

February 5-7, 2024

Eight seconds of event data.

See recording segmentation on next slide.

ACM Event AEB Event FPB Event

ACM Event FPB Brake Event AEB Event FPB Alert Event FCA Event

<75 @80ms

≥60+ @100ms and ≥28+ @500ms

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Enhancements regarding GM ASCM capability

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Enhancements regarding GM ASCM capability CDR Main Report Data Elements* – ACP3 Example 100ms Data Elements

500ms Data Elements

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ASCM Case Study #1 Continued ASCM / FCM – CDR Data Application

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ASCM Case Study #1

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What can we discern from ASCM data points for this Event of Interest? 1.

AEB System was operational: AEB Operations

An AEB Object was selected for AEB control:

State of AEB Brake Request Active and Forward Collision Alert Request Status: @T=0

Status = 2 (RUNNING) throughout entire Event of Interest

AEB Object Longitudinal Distance is consistently provided throughout the Event. We initially see the AV increase in distance and then quickly begin to decrease. Aligning with the narrative for the event.

we see that both an FCA was issued and AEB Brake Request Active switches to True (= 1). Validating the event narrative and confirming that the AEB system was active, even though automatic braking was not reported by the driver. February 5-7, 2024

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What can we discern from ASCM data points for this Event of Interest? 4.

Why was AEB Braking Requested?

From T=-4.9s until approx. T=-1s, the relative velocity of the AV was nearly 0kph, while its longitudinal distance was increasing slightly.

Around T=-1s, we see AV’s relative longitudinal velocity begin to drop sharply, and the SV begins to close in on the AV quickly. At T=-0.3s we see, driver applied, brake pedal position ramp up rapidly.

d) At T=0s, SV driver-applied braking is decelerating the vehicle at a rate of -1.75m/s2. The ADAS system is requesting -2.85m/s2, based on how rapidly the SV is closing on the AV, therefore the AEB system correctly initiates an Integrated Braking Assist request. February 5-7, 2024

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What can we discern from ASCM data points for this Event of Interest? 5.

Why was AEB (IBA) Brake Request Active disabled in such short time?

Driver-applied braking ramps up quickly and in a short amount of time exceeds the AEB request deceleration. This allows the ADAS system to correctly retract its IBA request.

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ASCM Case Study #1

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Summary • Based on data stored in ASCM Record 2 – AEB Event we can conclude the that AEB system functioned as designed:

• The AEB system was functional • The AEB system, selected the AV ahead • The AEB system alerted the SV driver with a Forward Collision Alert and requested Automatic Braking deceleration • The AEB system retracted its braking request once it determined that the driver was braking with sufficient input

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ASCM / FCM Case Study #2 ASCM / FCM – CDR Data Application

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ASCM Case Study #2

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Case Critical Information • Subject Vehicle (SV) VIN: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX • Cadillac CT5 • Vehicle Content: ASCM w/ fused sensor system • FCM Supports Event Image Capture*

• Event of Interest Date and Time: 8-Jan-2024 @approximately 7:50am EST • Event of Interest Location: I94-West near 12 Mile Rd

Credit: Google Maps

• Brief Narrative from incident report: Subject vehicle was travelling on I94-West and merged to the right lane behind an adverse vehicle. The adverse vehicle began to decelerate rapidly, causing the SV’s AEB system to activate. SV then quickly initiated a lane change to the left, to avoid potential contact with the AV ahead, and was struck by a rapidly approaching vehicle travelling in the center lane. February 5-7, 2024

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ASCM Case Study #2

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Correlating ASCM/FCM Data to the Event of Interest • Subject Vehicle VIN:  Data Recovered confirmed correct VIN. • Event of Interest Type:  ASCM reports three events recorded, including two AEB events and an SIR-Deployment Event. • Event of interest Date and Time:  Record 2 – SIR Event – Deployment, aligns with the date and time of the event of interest. • GPS Location:  GPS coordinates reported in Record 2 align with general location as reported in the case critical info. • Subject Vehicle Odometer:  ASCM Record 2 odometer report aligns with info provided in case information.

February 5-7, 2024

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Correlating ASCM/FCM Data to the Event of Interest • GPS Location / Street View Images:  FCM Images Retrieved*: Comparison between Streetview at GPS Coordinates and FCM images Google Maps Streetview

GPS Coordinates

Image retrieved from FCM*

• Conclusion: Based on all points of correlation documented, it is confirmed that ASCM Record 2 – SIR Event – Deployment does in-fact represent the event of interest as described in the Case Critical Information. *Note: CDR Image recovery capability expected to be released in CDR version 24.0 February 5-7, 2024

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Interpreting the ASCM Data - Event Specific 1.

Record Length (seconds): As expected for an SIR-Deployment Event, ASCM recorded 8seconds of data prior to the SIR-Deployment trigger (T0).

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Interpreting the ASCM Data - Event Specific 2.

Turn Signal and Lane Change Evidence:

Turn Signal Switch Active reports activation of the rightside turn signal.

CCW rotation of the steering wheel via the Steering Wheel Angle element.

Monitoring Left Lane Marker Lateral Offset, we see it increase in distance away from SV.

Finally, the SV picks up its “new” left lane marker as it settles in the right lane and steering angle returns to 0deg.

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Interpreting the ASCM Data - Event Specific 3.

Adverse Vehicle Tracking and Behavior:

As the SV transitions to the right lane, it automatically begins to track the AV ahead. This is confirmed by monitoring AEB Object Longitudinal Distance.

Along with Longitudinal Distance, we observe relative acceleration between the SV and AV via AEB Object Relative Longitudinal Acceleration.

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Interpreting the ASCM Data - Event Specific 4.

AEB Activation:

Near T=-2s, we see a sharp valley in AEB Object Relative Longitudinal Acceleration. Indicating that the AV ahead of the SV is braking heavily.

As relative acceleration dips to nearly -5m/s^2, both the SV AEB System and Driver begin to command braking. i.

Driver Brake Pedal Capacity ramps up

ii.

AEB System Activates

iii.

AEB System ramps in braking

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ASCM Case Study #2

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Interpreting the ASCM Data - Event Specific 5.

Abrupt Lane Change (Prior to impact):

Shortly after AEB engages, the SV driver begins to turn the steering wheel CCW.

As steering wheel angle and brake pedal capacity increases, the AEB system removes its braking request.

Finally, we see the distance to the Left Lane Line begin to decrease as the SV vehicle attempts to exit the right lane and enter the center lane.

February 5-7, 2024

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Interpreting the ASCM Data - Event Specific 6.

Accel Pedal and Point of Impact

As the SV begins to enter the center lane, a significant spike in SV Accelerator Pedal, % Full is observed. Shortly after ~100% Accel Pedal application, we observe a large spike in SV longitudinal acceleration, a key indicator of the rear corner impact.

February 5-7, 2024

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ASCM Case Study #2

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Summary • Based on data stored in ASCM Record 2 – SIR Event – Deployment we can conclude:

• SV completed a lane change to the right, following AV at ~32m. • The AEB system selected the AV ahead and tracked said vehicle throughout the event. • Both the SV AEB System and the SV Driver recognized the rapidly decelerating AV and initiated braking. • The AEB system retracted its braking request once it determined that the driver was taking control (steering and brake inputs are factors). • The SV then made a lane change to the left and attempted to accelerate. • The SV was struck in the rear left corner causing a spike in positive longitudinal acceleration and negative (to the right) lateral acceleration. February 5-7, 2024

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Toyota Vehicle Control History Russ Casella

Toyota Motor North America (Retired)

February 5-7, 2024

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Russ Casella • Russ Casella began his Toyota career at Toyota’s New York Region serving the tristate area of New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut starting in 1977 • In 1992, Russ transferred to Toyota’s national office in Torrance, California joining the Toyota Technical Education Network (T-TEN). Russ served as an area manger providing support for T-TEN affiliated schools in the northeast and southwest. • In 1998, Russ was promoted to T-TEN departmental supervisor overseeing the school support and curriculum development group. Russ retired in 2017 after serving 40 years with Toyota. • Kean University, Bachelor of Arts • Toyota Motor North America, Retired • Adjunct Professor, Cypress Community College • Advanced Automotive Electronics • Currently: Automotive Forensics & Fire Investigator February 5-7, 2024

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Toyota Vehicle Control History Toyota Information System (TIS)

February 5-7, 2024

Techstream Lite

Vehicle Control History (VCH)

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Overview

Toyota Information System (TIS)

Toyota’s service support & information resource for Toyota & Lexus vehicles from 1979 Contains:  Repair Manuals  Service Bulletins  Electrical Wiring Diagrams  New Car Features  Collision Repair Manuals  Technical training materials  Owners manuals

February 5-7, 2024

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Technical Information System

Service Information Repair Manuals

 System description / operation  Shows detailed information about a system’s functionality & operation

February 5-7, 2024

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Technical Information System

Service Information Repair Manuals Parts location

Shows specific location of system parts

February 5-7, 2024

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Technical Information System

Service Information Repair Manuals

 Diagnostic information  Primarily used with diagnostic trouble codes  Interpretation of freeze frame data  And interpretation of vehicle control history

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Technical Information System Service Information Repair Manuals

 System operation check  Provides detailed information about the operation of a system

February 5-7, 2024

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Technical Information System

Service Information Electrical Wiring Diagram (EWD)

 Used primarily for diagnosis  Shows component locations  Useful to power up the ignition in a “No Key” situation

February 5-7, 2024

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Technical Information System

Service Information New Car Features (NCF)

 High-level details on system functionality and operation  The launch of new systems or features will be explained in detail  May give greater detail than repair manual  Can augment the repair manual

February 5-7, 2024

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Technical Information System

Service Information Collision Repair Manual (CR)

 Provides highly detailed collision repair information  Panel replacement, cutting, and welding  Body point-to-point dimensions

 Damage diagnosis identifies collision force absorption (crush) related structural parts  Body part nomenclature

February 5-7, 2024

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Technical Information System Reference Information Key Area

 Document Group: Owner  Owner’s manuals

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Technical Information System Technical Training Key Area

 Technician Skill Area: All  Quick Training Guides (QTG)  Course Books – Classroom workbooks  Media – Training videos

February 5-7, 2024

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Technical Information System Technical Training Vehicle Inquiry

The inquiry shows:  Vehicle type and build information  Standard and optional equipment  Campaigns (Recalls) and warranty information

February 5-7, 2024

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Technical Information System Vehicle Inquiry

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Overview

Techstream Lite

Toyota’s public version of the dealer diagnostic software  Cost effective for independent repair  Provides:  Scantool diagnosis  ECU reprograming / recalibration  Access to vehicle control history (VCH)  Access to pre-collision system (PCS) data  Integration with Identifix Direct-Hit

February 5-7, 2024

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Overview Toyota Diagnostic Testers Handheld

 Toyota’s first diagnostic scantool  Supported vehicles from 1989 - 2007  OBD II based  Would work on some OBD I systems  Operation of the tester was not intuitive  High cost for independent auto repair business

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Overview Toyota Diagnostic Testers Techstream Lite

 Supports vehicles back to 1989  Designed for public use  ECU reprograming / recalibration  Enhanced features:    

Fully Integrated with TIS Drive recorder Vehicle health report Ability to graph data

February 5-7, 2024

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Overview

Toyota Diagnostic Testers Techstream Lite

Same PC based software as dealer Subscription based  Three subscription types available  Standard – TIS only  Professional Diagnostic – TIS and Techstream software  Security Professional – TIS, Techstream software and key code resets

February 5-7, 2024

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Techstream Capabilities & Functionality Techstream Lite Highlights Available as: User provides all peripherals

 A full kit with subscription, computer, and interface module  Or subscription with interface module  Or independently where the user provides all other peripherals

February 5-7, 2024

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Toyota Diagnostic Testers Toyota Diagnostic Testers

Global Techstream Lite

 Released in September of 2023  Faster health checks  Faster VCH & PCS downloads  Improved integration with TIS  Browser-based guided user interface  Can be used offline

February 5-7, 2024

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Toyota Diagnostic Testers

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Toyota Diagnostic Testers Techstream Lite

 Works with most J2534 compliant vehicle interface module  Supported vehicle interface modules  Toyota Mongoose cables: MFC, Pro MFC, Pro MFC2, Pro MFC3

 Other interface modules  CDR900  Pass-Thru NSMIF32  DST-010 & DST-i

February 5-7, 2024

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Techstream Capabilities & Functionality Techstream Lite Highlights

The software is designed for use by independent repair businesses Has the same features as the dealer based except for:

 Direct factory interface and Interface with shop management software

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Techstream Capabilities & Functionality Techstream Diagnostic Software

Techstream software has the ability to store and recall data.

Feature Highlights:

 Ability to store and transfer vehicle data  Stored data retains freeze frame data  Ability to graph vehicle data parameters in highresolution  Allows for reprograming and calibration of ECUs

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Techstream Capabilities & Functionality Techstream Diagnostic Software

Connecting to a vehicle to retrieve data.

Vehicle connection:

 Once successfully connected to the vehicle the System Select Menu will open  All ECUs will be highlighted in yellow until a health check is performed  Once completed, communicating ECUs will turn to a white background

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Techstream Capabilities & Functionality Techstream Diagnostic Software

Connecting to a vehicle to retrieve data.

The first operation is to run a health check:

 Click on Health Check and you will be prompted to select the systems to check  All three areas are checked by default  Select store all data, time stamp, and save  Saved files makes it possible to read and extract the data offline  Extracted data can be exported into an Excel .CSV format

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Techstream Capabilities & Functionality Techstream Lite

Functionality Highlights

Completed health check shows:  Any DTCs and their status  ECU update status  Record of Behavior (RoB) code status

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Techstream Capabilities & Functionality

Techstream Lite

Functionality Highlights

 Ability to download Vehicle Control History (VCH) and Pre-Collision System (PCS) data.  Downloaded and saved separate of health check

 Saved VCH file has a .TSE extension

 Saved PCS file example has an extension of .vdas  Both files will be stored in their respective default locations

February 5-7, 2024

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Techstream Capabilities & Functionality Techstream Lite

Functionality Highlights

 Ability to read Vehicle Control History (VCH) data  Downloaded and saved separate of health check  Viewed independently of other data  Must be opened through Open Scan Data File

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Techstream Capabilities & Functionality Techstream Lite

Functionality Highlights Viewing PCS data and photos

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Techstream Capabilities & Functionality Techstream Lite Viewing PCS data and photos

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Techstream Capabilities & Functionality Techstream Lite

Functionality Highlights  Provides the ability to:

 Download Pre-Collision System operational data (PCS-O)  Read PCS-O data  Download and view PCS image (PCS-I) data  Graph select PCS-O data sets

February 5-7, 2024

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Techstream Capabilities & Functionality PCS-O operation data and PSC-I image

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Vehicle Control History

  

Pre-Collision System (PCS) Forward facing system data Driver initiated data Data source – Specific driver assistance ECUs

February 5-7, 2024

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Vehicle Control History (VCH)

Driver initiated data Data source – ECUs that support driver assistance

  

Record of Behavior (RoB)

System initiated data Driver initiated data Data source – Specific ECUs

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Vehicle Control History Vehicle Control History Operation Vehicle Control History

Vehicle Control History (VCH)

 

Driver initiated data Data source – ECUs that support driver assistance

 First introduced on the RAV4 in 2013  VCH stores specific data relating to:  Driver initiated data  System initiated data  System component and sensor monitoring data  Driver initiated data is the bulk of VCH and PCS recordings  Record of Behavior (RoB) monitors the system components and some driver initiated data  Primary data sources are the ECUs of the Advanced Driver Assistance System

February 5-7, 2024

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Vehicle Control History Vehicle Control History Data Vehicle Control History (VCH)

 VCH is a function that records and stores driver and system initiated data  The primary use of VCH is to provide supporting data during diagnosis of system related issues.  VCH data can on occasion augment EDR data  VCH can be used to gain insight into driver behavior in the absence of EDR data  VCH data does not align with EDR data

February 5-7, 2024

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Vehicle Control History Vehicle Control History Data

Vehicle Control History (VCH)

 Triggered driver initiated data is recorded by specific vehicle behavior  Accelerator movement  Braking  Steering

 The repair manual lists each data item’s:    

Trigger and description Recording time, points, and sampling cycle Whether it records an image And notes/remarks about the trigger

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Vehicle Control History Data Sets and Parameters VCH Data Sets

 For a single trigger numerous data sets are recorded and stored  Most data is stored in the EDR module via EEPROM  Some VCH data is stored in other ECU’s and may be erased when the battery is disconnected  Data resolution is 500 ms  Data can be obtained through the DLC  VCH data can be printed  Or exported into an Excel .CSV

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Vehicle Control History

Data Sets and Parameters VCH Data Sets

 Most of the VCH data cannot be erased  Data is stored by Trigger Group. Triggers are time

stamped by the main body ECU  Time stamp starts from when the ignition is turned on (elapsed time)  Trigger date will be shown  Trigger time will be shown if the vehicle is equipped with OEM navigation  Trigger sample rates differ by system (5 – 150 ms)  Trigger data is based on signals from sensors and actuators  To see freeze frame data (FFD), highlight a trigger then click on the green arrow

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Vehicle Control History Data Sets and Parameters VCH Data Sets

 All triggers will have freeze frame data  The parameters will show on the left  Number of parameters correlate to the trigger  To populate the graph double click on a parameter  Then click the play button or frame by frame button  Up to eight parameters can be graphed at once  The graph can be customized  Data can be saved and exported as a CSV file for offline analysis

February 5-7, 2024

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Vehicle Control History

Vehicle Control History Operation Pre-Collision System Function

 The pre-collision system is a component of the Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS)  First appeared in 2016 in the Prius and several other models  Is a forward facing driver assistance system  Data is a subset of VCH data  PCS data is captured from ADAS components, sensors, and ECUs  Two data sets are captured when triggered:

  

Pre-Collision System (PCS)

Forward facing system data Driver initiated data Data source – Specific driver assistance ECUs

 PCS operational data (PCS-O)  PCS image data (PCS-I) a. Records 20 to 21 photographic images b. At 15kb resolution c. From 5 seconds prior to trigger

February 5-7, 2024

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Vehicle Control History Vehicle Control History Data Pre-Collision System Function

 Utilizes driver initiated behavior triggers  Braking  Steering

 Utilizes system initiated behavior triggers  Pedestrian detection  Bicycle / motorcycle detection

 The key system triggers are inputs from  Millimeter wave radar sensor  Steering  Braking

February 5-7, 2024

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Vehicle Control History Vehicle Control History Data Pre-Collision System Data

 The repair manual lists each data item’s:  Triggers and description  Recording time, points, and sampling cycle  Whether an image will be recorded

February 5-7, 2024

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Vehicle Control History Vehicle Control History Data Pre-Collision System Data Sets

 PCS data triggers are the same as VCH  Driver initiated  System initiated

 PCS data sets are laid out similar to VCH  Key cycle  Elapsed time  Time and date  Trigger and mileage

 In addition PCS indicates  If image data was captured  And what the trigger was

February 5-7, 2024

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Vehicle Control History Vehicle Control History Data Pre-Collision System Data Sets

 PCS vehicle control history data  Shows the applicable data parameter on the left  Images if any on the right  Double clicking on the parameter moves that data set into the graph

 PCS data sets are laid out similar to VCH  Can graph up to 7 parameters  Line only graph configuration

 Data can be exported and printed  Export moves all data sets  And images into CSV extensions

February 5-7, 2024

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Vehicle Control History Vehicle Control History Operation

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  

Record of Behavior (RoB)

System initiated data Driver initiated data Data source – Specific ECUs

Record of Behavior (RoB)

 RoB data is a subset of VCH data  Is not trigger based  Majority of data is sensor driven

 Data is predominantly informational  Will show some driver initiated data  Information is not based on acceleration, braking, and steering

 RoB data is assigned a code beginning with X plus 4 digits  X codes are informational  Are not an indication of component failure  And do not set a MIL light

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Vehicle Control History Vehicle Control History Operation Record of Behavior (RoB)

 RoB data sets  Data is found in the Health Check saved data  RoB data is not found in a saved VCH data only download  ECUs that have a green dot have RoB data stored

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Vehicle Control History Data Types and Parameters

Record of Behavior (RoB) Data Sets

 ECU data sets

 Example X codes from the Blind Spot Monitor  Click on a code and click on the arrow  And the data set will open

February 5-7, 2024

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Vehicle Control History Vehicle Control History Operation Record of Behavior (RoB)

 RoB driver initiated / related data  Throughout the ECUs that record RoB data there is non dynamic operator data  Information is not based on acceleration, braking, and steering

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Breakdown of Driver’s Statement

Date and time of incident Accelerator actions Steering actions Braking actions Issues noted (i.e. no brakes, steering, accelerated on its own, etc.) Highlight / note the actions

Find Trigger Data Match(s)

Use the VCH Stored Data page in Techstream Review the triggers and their dates to find a match

No Match

 

No matching trigger found

The event did not trigger VCH data Unable to verify the drivers claim

Match Found

 



Determine the Parameters that Match Statement

Click on the green arrow to open the stored data parameters Reference the highlighted actions  Search down the list and determine the parameters that relate to Steering  Search down the list and determine the parameters that relate to Braking  Search down the list and determine the parameters that relate to Acceleration List any issues noted  Search down the list and determine the parameters that may relate to the issue

February 5-7, 2024

Analyze the Data and Draw Conclusion

 Move selections into the Techstream graph  Step through the data points in the graphs  Look for data points that align with the driver’s account or not  Draw a conclusion based on the data

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Vehicle Control History VCH Application

Potential Application of Data

 Begin your analyses of the data with the drivers account of the incident  As with the EDR, does the data match the driver’s statement  From the drivers account of the incident determine which data is pertinent

February 5-7, 2024

The driver stated:

On 11/17/2023 around 6:00pm I was driving in the center lane of Front St. There was a lane on either side going in the same direction, and an island in the center. The road was wet from a recent rain. I looked down at the dashboard and when I look up I noticed that the vehicle in front of me was stopped so he hit the brakes, looked in the lefthand rearview mirrorand saw it was clear. So I swerved into the left lane, strengthened out and continued down the lane. Several days later I received a bill from the city for destroying several shrubs in the center island. I don’t remember running up onto the island.

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Vehicle Control History Potential Application of Data

     

Breakdown of Driver’s Statement Date 11/17/2023 @ 6:00pm Rain Swerved left Strengthened out Did not go over the curb Applied the brakes

February 5-7, 2024

The driver stated:

On 11/17/2023 around 6:00pm I was driving in the center lane of Front St. There was a lane on either side going in the same direction, and an island in the center. The road was wet from a recent rain. I looked down at the dashboard and when I look up I noticed that the vehicle in front of me was stopped so he hit the brakes, looked in the lefthand rearview mirror saw it was clear. So I swerved into the left lane, strengthened out and continued down the lane. Several days later I received a bill from the city for destroying several shrubs in the center island. I don’t remember running up onto the island.

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Vehicle Control History Potential Application of Data

Find Trigger Data Match(s)

 Open VCH Stored Data page in Techstream  Review the triggers and their dates to find a match  You see a trigger for ABS Operation History dated 11/17/2023 at 6:02pm  Click on the green arrow to open the data parameters

Match Found

February 5-7, 2024

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Vehicle Control History

VCH Application

Potential Application of Data

 Review the data parameters  Select data parameters based on the driver’s account

February 5-7, 2024

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Vehicle Control History Potential Application of Data Determine the Parameters that Match Statement

 Swerved left and strengthened out  Steering signal: To see if the steering wheel was turned left then right  Yaw Rate Sensor: To see if the direction of the vehicle changed direction  Did not go over curb  Longitudinal and Lateral G Sensor: To see if the car’s left side rose up abruptly showing it rode over the curb

February 5-7, 2024

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Vehicle Control History Potential Application of Data

Analyze the Data and Draw Conclusion

 Move selections into Techstream graph  Step through the data points in the graphs Look for data points that align with the driver’s account or don’t  Draw a conclusion based on the data

February 5-7, 2024

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Vehicle Control History

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Vehicle Control History Conclusion

The Data Set Shows

 Swerved left and strengthened out  Steering signal: Shows the wheel was turned left to 69° and returned -57° and back to straight.  Yaw Rate Sensor: The waveform almost mirrors the steering waveform showing the vehicle changed direction in proportion with steering wheel movement.  Did not go over curb  Longitudinal G Sensor: Shows a change from 0.35890 to -6.02952 and then back to where it was prior to the swerve. Also, the waveform is fairly smooth and free of any abrupt spikes in the negative direction suggesting the vehicle stayed stable.  Lateral G Sensor  Lateral G Sensor: Shows a change from 4.30680 to -2.94298 and then almost back to where it was prior to the swerve. Even though , the waveform has a slight bump on the downward side it is fairly smooth and free of any abrupt spikes suggesting the side of the vehicle did not suddenly rise up.

Conclusion

 The driver’s statement appears to be _____________________________________________________________________ based on the vehicle control history data.

February 5-7, 2024

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EDR Data Verification Case Studies Chris J. Medwell, P.E. Bloomberg Consulting

February 5-7, 2024

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Chris Medwell • 34 years experience in crash reconstruction since 1989; 18 years with Bloomberg Consulting • Professional Engineer • Obtaining and analyzing electronic data from vehicle systems since it first became available • Attended the first (Vetronix) CDR Operator’s Certification course in Canada (June 2002) – offered by the Collision Safety Institute February 5-7, 2024

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Verifying EDR Data EDR Data Verification Case Studies

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What does “check” or “verify” EDR data mean? • Is the EDR data from the crash that you are investigating?

February 5-7, 2024

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What does “check” or “verify” EDR data mean? • Is the EDR data from the crash that you are investigating? • Ignition cycle count check/analysis (use CARFAX or similar history report data)

February 5-7, 2024

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What does “check” or “verify” EDR data mean? • Is the EDR data from the crash that you are investigating? • Ignition cycle count check/analysis (use CARFAX or similar history report data) • Odometer reading (e.g. on Chrysler/Stellantis models)

February 5-7, 2024

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What does “check” or “verify” EDR data mean? • Units: what units are being reported in the EDR data?

February 5-7, 2024

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Units?

KIA/Hyundai EDR data: Pre-crash speed reported in km/h February 5-7, 2024

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What does “check” or “verify” EDR data mean? • Units: what units are being reported in the EDR data? • Calibration: wheel/tire size correct? Axle ratio?

February 5-7, 2024

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What does “check” or “verify” EDR data mean? • Units: what units are being reported in the EDR data? • Calibration: wheel/tire size correct? Axle ratio? • Do pre-crash speed data and pre-crash engine RPM make sense? If in doubt, find out the gear ratios and do the calculations

February 5-7, 2024

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What does “check” or “verify” EDR data mean? • Compare the EDR data to other evidence: does the recorded pre-crash speed data correspond with the video footage? With witness accounts?

February 5-7, 2024

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What does “check” or “verify” EDR data mean? • Compare the EDR data to other evidence: does the recorded pre-crash speed data correspond with the video footage? With witness accounts? • Analyze the crash using physics equations: does the recorded data for impact speed and ΔV comport with the calculations?

February 5-7, 2024

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Which car has the higher ΔV? • Both cars are Honda HR-V that left the road & struck a tree. • The white HR-V that centered the tree or the black HR-V that struck the tree with its RF corner? • Both recorded D events

February 5-7, 2024

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2021 Honda HR-V Tree Impact • CISS case 1-33-2022-039-02 • Center front hit the tree • Last pre-crash speed 42 mph • Long. ΔV -27 mph at 120 msec

February 5-7, 2024

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2016 Honda HR-V Tree Impact • CISS case 1-27-2022-059-06 • RF corner struck three trees • RF wheel broken, displaced • Last pre-crash speed 29 mph • Long. ΔV -27 mph at 260 msec February 5-7, 2024

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Damage can be difficult to assess Give careful consideration to : • Single contact vs. multiple contacts, extended contact time • Stiffness differences e.g. suspension vs front end, sedan vs. truck • Intervening features like trailer hitches which can affect stiffness

February 5-7, 2024

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Case Study • Fatal crash involving a 2018 Ram ProMaster 1500 cargo van & a HarleyDavidson FLSTC / Heritage Softail Classic • Motorcyclist stopped preparing to make a L turn, van struck the motorcycle from behind

February 5-7, 2024

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Case Study • Van was braking after impact with visible tire marks 50 feet from POI to final rest • Motorcycle was propelled nearly 60 feet • Van came to rest behind the motorcycle with the body of the motorcyclist lying on the roadway in between the two

February 5-7, 2024

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Scene Photo

ProMaster van and motorcycle at final rest February 5-7, 2024

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Scene Photo

Scene showing visible tire skid marks from the van February 5-7, 2024

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Case Study • ProMaster’s EDR data was obtained using Bosch CDR version 17.9.1 (the current version at the time) • ProMaster recorded a ND event with -11 km/h ΔV (-6.8 mph) • Pre-crash approach speed was a steady 20 mph with braking reported for the last 0.5 seconds to a reported speed of 18 mph at -0.1 s

February 5-7, 2024

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Case Study • Verified using ignition cycles and odometer at event: this event record is our crash, frontal impact data consistent with the collision event • Van had under 4000 miles on it & was unchanged from the factory specification, so no calibration issues.

February 5-7, 2024

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EDR Data Longitudinal ΔV

Recorded ΔV is -6.8 mph February 5-7, 2024

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Case Study

Van front end damage February 5-7, 2024

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EDR Data Pre-Crash

Version 17.9.1 February 5-7, 2024

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Pre-Crash Reported Speed • From -5 to -2.5 s the pre-crash speed was reported at 19 mph (at 1664 RPM) • From -2.5 to -0.5 reported speed 20 mph (at 1696 RPM) • Beginning at -0.7 s the accelerator pedal was released and the brake applied at -0.6 s with the indicated speed dropping to 18 mph at -0.1 s

February 5-7, 2024

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Case Study • The pre-crash speed data was inconsistent with the witness accounts and the crash location/circumstances: • Witnesses told Police that the van was going about the speed limit & they did not see any speed reduction before impact. • Speed limit 55 mph, straight, level road, broad daylight, no traffic – why would someone be driving at 20 mph?

February 5-7, 2024

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Case Study • Conservation of Momentum: if the van weight was roughly 6X that of the motorcycle, then the motorcycle had sustained a ΔV roughly 6X that of the van, or about 40 mph. • How could the motorcycle be accelerated to +40 mph if the van was only going 18 mph at impact?

February 5-7, 2024

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Case Study • Conservation of Energy: The van skidded 50 feet – at -0.7 g the speed at the start of a 50 ft skid would be 32.4 mph. Similar calculations made for the motorcycle agree. • The engine RPM data was not consistent with the reported pre-crash speed: there was no gear in which the van would travel steady-state 20 mph at 1700 RPM, and even if there were such a gear ratio, without acceleration input the transmission would most likely upshift to the next higher gear.

February 5-7, 2024

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Case Study • The reported pre-crash speed and the reported ΔV for the impact were not physically consistent: either the impact speed or the ΔV had to be incorrect. • The physics analysis of this crash supported the ΔV and suggested the precrash speeds should be double the value reported. • CDR data error? Initial inquiries to Bosch and colleagues were made but provided no viable solution for the issue.

February 5-7, 2024

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Data Limitations - Speed

Speed is from the average of the Drive Wheels February 5-7, 2024

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Testing • We obtained an identical 2018 Ram ProMaster van for testing purposes • Testing confirmed that the van could be driven at 40 mph steady state with the transmission staying in 5th gear at 1700 RPM, but could not be driven at 20 mph steady state at that RPM

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Testing • By driving the van with individual wheel speed sensors disconnected while monitoring the speedometer display and the OBD2 data bus, we determined that the speed on the data bus was not affected by disconnecting either or both of the front (drive wheel) speed sensors. Nor did disconnecting the left rear wheel sensor have any effect. • The data bus speed was affected only by disconnecting the RIGHT rear wheel sensor, which dropped the OBD data bus speed to 0.

February 5-7, 2024

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Testing • The speedometer display speed and the speed on the data bus were always the same - not the average of the two drive wheels but coming only from the right rear (non-driven) wheel speed sensor • This led us to further test the CDR data by intentionally setting ND events while driving.

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Testing • How do you set a ND event while driving a test vehicle? • Do we want to drive into a wall at 5-6 mph? – probable vehicle damage • Shake the ACM? Hit it with a hammer? That’s been tried before (not while driving) and caused inadvertent airbag deployments • We wanted a repeatable process with limited risk of damage or airbag D February 5-7, 2024

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Testing • Aware of recording thresholds: we needed a setup that could potentially create a 5 mph perceived ΔV • Need to accelerate the ACM over 5 to 10 (or more) inches of movement, then stop abruptly (but not too abruptly) • Need to be able to test repeatedly while gradually incrementing the acceleration upwards, to reach the ND recording threshold without a D

February 5-7, 2024

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Testing • We mounted the ACM in a wooden sled. While still connected to the vehicle wiring harness there was only limited available horizontal movement of the ACM • By mounting the wooden sled vertically we increased the available movement of the ACM without extending the ACM wiring harness

February 5-7, 2024

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Testing Apparatus

Vertically mounted to obtain maximum movement February 5-7, 2024

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Testing Apparatus

February 5-7, 2024

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Testing Apparatus • The vehicle was driven at a known speed, and the pin was pulled out, allowing the ACM to fall the test distance. If the test distance did not create a recorded event, then the test distance was increased for the next test. At the test height of 6 inches, we began to see recorded ND events.

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Test Results • The recorded ND events created during testing (when translated with then current CDR software) reported pre-crash speeds that were 50% of the speedometer display speed (and the OBD2 data bus speed) of the vehicle when the events were created.

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Test Results • With test results in hand, Bloomberg Consulting reported our findings to the client, to the Bosch CDR software vendors, and through channels to FCA itself. FCA eventually implemented a software update correcting the issue. • Bosch CDR version 21.0 described the error correction as follows: • Changed display requirement for "Speed, Vehicle Indicated" for 2018 and newer ProMaster.

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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CDR Pre-Crash Data v21.0 vs v17.9.1

February 5-7, 2024

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Summary • Crashes are physical events which should conform to Newtonian physics and crash analyses which correctly apply the physics should agree with each other and with the EDR data. • EDR data is not infallible – these are computers with programming characteristics and sensor limitations that may affect the data. • If there is a disagreement between the physics results and the EDR data then something is wrong with one or both – find out why before you issue any opinions. February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Final Thoughts • Always use the latest software translation to interpret Bosch CDR data. You never know whether there could be new data translation parameters. • Always verify EDR data and its conformity with Newtonian physical laws – examine critically any EDR data elements that conflict with physical evidence.

February 5-7, 2024

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Slide 48

PREMIUM SUMMIT SPONSOR

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 16

Hyundai & Kia EDR Tool Kit The GIT Hyundai / Kia Combo EDR Tool kit contains all the hardware and software required to perform a DLC/OBD retrieval of EDR data in most 2013 and newer Hyundai, Genesis, and Kia supported vehicles.

www.crashdatagroup.com February 5-7, 2024

Slide 8

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Hyundai & Kia Update and Systems Overview Shawn Gyorke Michael DiTallo

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 1

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Shawn Gyorke • 24-years with the Arlington Heights Police Department (IL) • Owner Crash Data Services, LLC

Michael DiTallo • Principle – Dynamic Safety, LLC

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 2

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Hyundai/Kia Topic Index Hyundai & Kia Update and Systems Overview

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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“Hyundai and Kia Crash Data: A Preliminary Review” Collision Magazine - Volume 8 Issue 1, 2013.

• Initial review of tool functionality • Identified potential security issues and translation errors • Current software functionality substantively different

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 4

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Hyundai and Kia Crash Data: The Indispensable Compendium” Collision Magazine - Volume 8 Issue 2, 2013

• Angular Momentum Applications

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 5

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Analysis of Event Data Recorder Delta-V Reporting in the IIHS Small Overlap Crash Test, Haight S., Haight W.R., Collision Magazine, Volume 8, Issue 2, 2013

• Small front overlap test validity • Delta-v at ACU vs. Delta-v at CoM

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 6

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Accuracy of Translations Obtained by 2013 GIT Tool on 2010-2012 Kia and Hyundai EDR Speed and Delta V Data in NCAP Tests SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-0502

• Tested Hyundai / Kia EDR Tool against Pre-2013 MY Hyundai and Kia Crash Tests NHTSA New Car Assessment Program (NCAP)

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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“Hyundai and Kia Update” (hodgepodge and a little insight for 2016), EDR Summit 2016

• New “Coverage Lists” • Operating System Compatibility • Clipping • Updated Report Headings • Back-powering

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Hyundai and Kia EDR Data – Software Updates and RealWorld Applications; EDR Summit 2017

• PDF Encryption • Software VIN Search Functionality • Complete vs. Graphical Pre-Crash Data Only “Reports” • Linear Momentum Applications • Real- world applications of Small front overlap testing • Sensor range limits • No ‘non-deploy’ from mitigation events • Multi-event data and invalid parameters

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 9

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

Hyundai and Kia – Crash Data From the “Other Guys”; IATAI Conference 2019 • Damage of, and deformation around, ACUs & effects on Acceleration/Delta-v • Video analysis vs. EDR reported speed • Data ‘Cut-off’ vs. ‘Clipping’; ex. Steering or Speed • Cautions Surrounding VIN Substitution • Limits of NCAP testing vs. real-world • Locations of ‘Speed Data’ in Hex • Hex formatting comparisons • Examples outside of Speed and DV in VIN Substitution

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 10

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Current Software and Data Sets Hyundai & Kia Update and Systems Overview

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Current Software Versions Hyundai Version E-N-H-01-00-0060

February 5-7, 2024

Kia Version E-N-K-01-00-0056

Slide 12

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Crash Data Group – GIT Supplier

February 5-7, 2024

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Hyundai / Kia Data Sets: 2013 - 2014

Initial Pre-rash data available in 2013

February 5-7, 2024

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Hyundai / Kia Data Sets: 2015 - 2020

2014 – Phased in Accelerator Pedal

February 5-7, 2024

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Hyundai / Kia Data Sets: 2019 - 2024

2019 – 2024 Phased in Master Cylinder Pressure (Bar)*

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 16

*May not apply to all models by 2024

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Hyundai / Kia Data Sets: 2020 - 2024

2020 – 2024 Phased in Smart Cruise Control (SCC) Data (if equipped)*

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 17

*May not apply to vehicles not equipped with FCA/SCC

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

• • • • • 2023 Kia Niro Owner’s Manual February 5-7, 2024

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Smart Cruise Control (SCC) Gear Shift (D, N, P, R, Sports Mode Manual Paddle Shift) SCC Switch (On/Off) SCC Speed Set (Variable) Unit (MPH) – No KPH Mode Status (Ready/Engaged/Canceled)

• SCC Info (System without Error or Service Required*) *need confirmation

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90 KPH = 82 fps = 34.7 (35 MPH) 177.2 ft

177.2 / 82 = 2.2 sec headway

131.2 ft

131.2 / 82 = 1.6 sec headway

106.6 ft

106.6 / 82 = 1.3 sec headway

82 ft.

82/82 = 1.0 sec headway

2023 Kia Niro Owner’s Manual February 5-7, 2024

Slide 19

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Hyundai / Kia Data Sets: 2020 - 2024

2020 – 2024 Phased in Forward Collision Avoidance (FCA) Data*

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 20

*May not apply to vehicles not equipped with FCA/SCC

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Hyundai / Kia Data Sets: 2020 - 2024

2020 – 2024 Phased in Forward Collision Avoidance (FCA) Data*

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 21

*May not apply to vehicles not equipped with FCA/SCC

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Forward Collision Avoidance (FCA)* • FCA System Status (On/Off) • Warning Level (No Warning / Level 1 / Level 2 / Level 3*) • Failinfo (Normal / Service Required) • SCC Info (System without Error / Service Required**) • FCA-JC (Not Applied***) Junction Crossing Forward Collision-Avoidance Assist (FCA-JC)

* Level 1 = Audible; Level 2 = Haptic, Level 3 = Active Assist ** Possibly more *** Unknown Alternate(s)

Special thanks to Ruth, R. and others who offered insight about these parameters.

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 22

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Forward Collision Avoidance (FCA) •

February 5-7, 2024

Combination Radar and Forward Camera

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Forward Collision Avoidance (FCA) •

Customizable*

*Additional naming conventions may exist

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 24

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Side Note: 2023 Kia Rio

Vehicle NOT equipped with FCA or SCC (no camera/radar) • No data table that reports Bar. • No Additional data tables for SCC/FCA

February 5-7, 2024

2023 Kia Rio

Slide 25

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Hyundai / Kia Data Limitations: 2023 Software Update

2023 Software Update – New Limitations for Diesel & EVs February 5-7, 2024

Slide 26

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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New Hyundai / Kia Data Limitations: Expanded Explanations of: ‘Invalid Data’ Master Cylinder Pressure Gear Shift Selector SCC FCA Service Brake Multi-Event Crash (less than5 seconds apart)

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 27

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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MY 2013 vs. Build Date Hyundai & Kia Update and Systems Overview

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 28

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Not all MY 2013 = Covered

September 1st, 2012

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 29

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MY 2013 vs. Build Date

2013 Kia Optima

February 5-7, 2024

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MY 2013 vs. Build Date

July 17th, 2012

February 5-7, 2024

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MY 2013 vs. Build Date

2013 Kia Optima

February 5-7, 2024

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MY 2013 vs. Build Date

Manually Integrated: ~250 MPH

2013 Kia Optima

February 5-7, 2024

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MY 2013 vs. Build Date

2013 Kia Optima

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 34

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MY 2013 vs. Build Date

Before September 1st, 2012

After September 1st, 2012

*May only apply to the Kia Optima

Both data sets from 2013 Kia*

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 35

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Testing Hyundai & Kia Update and Systems Overview

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 36

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Instrumented Testing

2023 Kia Niro EV

February 5-7, 2024

2024 Hyundai Tucson

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Instrumented Testing Ran brake tests at various speeds and monitored ‘max bar’ during varying degrees of braking

Vehicles

February 5-7, 2024

VBOX Touch RTK

Zenith Z5 Scan tool

Slide 38

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Note: Maximum possible Bar

The authors have observed as high as ~120 Bar reported in real-world cases. Others have reported values even greater. The maximum possible reportable value was unknown at the time of this testing. Select Stellantis vehicles may report up to 200 Bar.

Sample 2022 Kia K5

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 39

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Note: Maximum possible Bar

Sample 2022 Kia K5 (different than previous slide)

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 40

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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The Zenith Z5

Zenith Z5 Scan tool

The Zenith Z5 is registered with Hyundai Kia to gain access to the Security Gateway (SGW)*. The SGW is a Central Gateway security feature that allows only authorized access to perform special functions and actuator tests.

February 5-7, 2024

*Internet authentication required before use.

Slide 41

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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The Zenith Z5

February 5-7, 2024

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The Zenith Z5

February 5-7, 2024

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The Zenith Z5

February 5-7, 2024

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The Zenith Z5

February 5-7, 2024

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The Zenith Z5

February 5-7, 2024

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Results 2023 Kia Niro EV:

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Results 2023 Kia Niro EV: 35 mph Tests

1.00 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60

0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00

February 5-7, 2024

Bar (max)

100

120

140

Slide 48

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Results 2023 Kia Niro EV: 45 mph Tests

1.20

1.00

0.80

0.60

0.40

0.20

0.00

100

150

200

250

Bar (max) Avg

February 5-7, 2024

Max

Slide 49

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Results 2023 Kia Niro EV: 55 mph Tests

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

100

120

140

Bar (max) Avg

February 5-7, 2024

Max

Slide 50

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Results 2024 Hyundai Tucson: All Data Tucson 1.20

1.00

0.80

0.60

0.40

0.20

0.00

100

120

140

160

180

Bar (max) Avg

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 51

Max

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Results 2024 Hyundai Tucson: 35 mph Tests 1.2

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

100

120

Bar (max)

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 52

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Results 2024 Hyundai Tucson: 45 mph Tests 1.20

1.00

0.80

0.60

0.40

0.20

0.00

100

120

140

160

180

Bar (max) Avg

February 5-7, 2024

Max

Slide 53

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Results 2024 Hyundai Tucson: 55 mph Tests 1.2

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

100

120

140

160

Bar (max) Avg

February 5-7, 2024

Max

Slide 54

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Conclusions: • Routine braking (.20g - .40g) involved Bar pressure at/below 20 Bar • Moderate braking (.40g - .70g) involved Bar pressure between 20 – 50 Bar • Emergency braking (over .80g) involved Bar pressure over 90 Bar • Static maximum application was not a good predictor of maximum Bar pressure during emergency braking in the 2023 Kia Niro • Static maximum application was a good predictor of maximum Bar pressure during emergency braking in the 2024 Hyundai Tucson

Limits: • Only Two (2) vehicle sample size • Only Two (2) dry surfaces tested; majority conducted on high Mu surface (newer concrete)

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Instrumented Testing Ran Regenerative Braking and Rolling Resistance Tests at Varying Speeds

Vehicles

February 5-7, 2024

VBOX Touch RTK

Slide 56

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Regeneration vs. Rolling Resistance:

Rolling Resistance Regeneration

February 5-7, 2024

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Conclusions: • Deceleration, brought on by regenerative braking, in the 2023 Kia Niro was consistent at speeds between 55 mph and 35 mph • Regenerative braking resulted in average decelerations between .17g - .18g • End of Phase 2 braking was observed at about 10 – 12 mph

Testing consistent with: Characterizing Regenerative Coast-Down Deceleration in Tesla Model 3, S, and XSAE Technical Paper 2020-01-0883

• Average decelerations were about -0.19g in ‘Phase 2’. The end of Phase 2 occurred when the speed of the vehicle dropped to 10-14 mph. Quantifying the Deceleration of Various Electric Vehicles Utilizing Regenerative Braking; SAE Technical Paper 2023-01-0623

• Similar decelerations involving 2022 Rivian R1T, 2022 Tesla Model Y, 2022 Hyundai Ioniq 5, 2020 Tesla Model 3, 2021 Volkswagen ID.4, and 2021 Ford Mustang Mach-E. Tests were conducted at speeds of approximately 15 mph, 30 mph, 45 mph, and 60 mph. February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Instrumented Testing Events Triggered to test Bar and Method of Rounding Steering

2024 Hyundai Palisade

2023 Kia Rio

February 5-7, 2024

Hyundai / Kia EDR Tools

Slide 59

Zenith Z5 Scan tool

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Side Note: Baseline Test – 2024 Hyundai Palisade Two Non-Deployments •

Separated by 900ms. Represents a relatively large gap when the multievent was comprised of 2 non-deployments.

•

All combinations of event types could be observed anywhere between 100 - 5,000ms apart. The largest time between non-deployment events observed by the authors has been 2,700ms in a 2022 Kia K5. Time between 2 non-deployments events was more frequently observed very close together (a few hundred milliseconds).

The resolution for Hyundai, Kia and Genesis “Time from event 1 to 2” is 100ms. Mathematically, the time between events could be as little as 40ms. If the 2nd event occurs with a time interval greater than 40ms and less than 100ms, "Time from event 1 to 2" could be recorded as 0 (due to rounding).

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Instrumented Testing Rounding of Steering

•

Previously knew the minimum and maximum values were -250 to 250 degrees

•

Previously knew Hyundai, Kia & Genesis rounded to multiples of 5

•

Did not know how rounding was accomplished

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Instrumented Testing Comparing EDR Recorded Bar to Zenith Z5 Analysis

•

Previously knew the minimum and maximum values were -250 to 250 degrees

•

Previously knew Hyundai, Kia & Genesis rounded to multiples of 5

•

Did not know how rounding was accomplished

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Instrumented Testing • Set steering wheel angle to 27 degrees and triggered an event • Set steering wheel angle to 28 degrees and triggered an event Zenith Z5

EDR Readout

Results: • In both cases, Steering rounded down to 25 degrees

Conclusion: • Hyundai, Kia & Genesis Vehicles will round down, not necessarily to the closest multiple of 5

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Side Note: ‘New’ Non-deployment – 2024 Hyundai Palisade New non-deployment cleared/overwrote BOTH previous non-deployments* • Multi-event crash means the occurrence of 2 events, the first and last of which begin not more than 5 seconds apart. If an event is not part of a multi-event crash, the value of this data element will be “1”. Hyundai/Kia Data Limitations * At the time of this testing, it was unknown why both non-deployments from a multi-event were overwritten by the subsequent non-deployment. Additional testing would be needed to draw any conclusions about recording priority/hierarchy.

2024 Hyundai Palisade

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Instrumented Testing Event triggered to compare Bar in EDR readout and Zenith Z5

2024 Hyundai Palisade

February 5-7, 2024

Hyundai EDR Tool

Zenith Z5 Scan tool

Slide 65

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Instrumented Testing Event triggered to compare Bar in EDR readout and Zenith Z5

Hyundai EDR Tool

February 5-7, 2024

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Possible Future Testing Hyundai & Kia Update and Systems Overview

February 5-7, 2024

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Additional Testing: Brake Tests: Additional tests across multiple Years, Models, and surfaces. Additional Comparisons of Scan Tools and EDR Data

Note: Low brake fluid in the reservoir may not affect bar under most circumstances, assuming the reservoir is cut off from the pressurized system during heavy brake application. Additional testing would be needed for definitive conclusions. Note: The addition of a load cell during testing may assist in drawing conclusions about the relationship between the load on the pedal and Bar pressure applied within the system.

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Other ‘Testable’ EDR Related Parameters ECUs Related to*: Brake Switch ABS Stability Control SCC FCA Accelerator Pedal More… *Subject to post-collision vehicle condition

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Other ‘Testable’ EDR Related Parameters Seatbelt and/or Occupant Classification*

*Subject to post-collision vehicle condition

February 5-7, 2024

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Other ‘Testable’ EDR Related Parameters Exemplar SCC Tests

February 5-7, 2024

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Zenith Z5 Note:

The Zenith Z5 Has the ability to clear/reset fault codes and program/calibrate some ECUs

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Vehicle System Forensics Wesley Vandiver Berla Corporation Director of Training

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 1

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Vehicle System Forensics • GOALS:

• Overview of Vehicle System Forensics • Types of Data • Acquisition Methods • Available Tools • Data Validation • What’s New and Coming • Training Resources

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 2

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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About Berla • Founded in 2008 • Focused on vehicle forensics • Customers include law enforcement, military, civil and regulatory agencies as well as private sector investigators. • Hardware and software development, as well as providing training and certification courses • Tier 1 supplier to select automotive manufacturers for cybersecurity research

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 3

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Vehicles Hold a Vast Amount of Data

February 5-7, 2024

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Categories of Infotainment/Telematics Data

Devices

Geolocations

Events

Identify devices that have been connected to a vehicle via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and/or USB, and all of the data associated with those devices

Recover location data and navigation information such as tracklogs, saved locations, active routes and previous destinations

See events associated with a vehicle such as doors opening/ closing, lights turning on/off, locations and timestamps

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Categories of Network Data

1FTFW1RG7JFA58000

Identifiers

Configuration

Logs

Determine part numbers, serial numbers, VINs, TPMS sensors, key fobs, Bluetooth MAC, Wi-Fi MAC, Wi-Fi SSID, IMEI, IMSI

Find out what features are enabled or disabled for a vehicle or a particular system as well as settings, like seat positions

Recover vehicle control history, key fob usage, visual data records, tire pressure, battery management and diagnostic trouble codes

February 5-7, 2024

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Infotainment/Telematics Data

February 5-7, 2024

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Bluetooth Devices • BT MAC addresses • Connection times • Device phone number • Phone type • Phone OS

February 5-7, 2024

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Device Call Logs • Multiple versions of the call logs can be kept from a phone • Includes incoming, outgoing and missed • Call times normally come from the mobile phone

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Device Contacts • Multiple versions of the contact list are kept from a phone • Full contact information downloaded • Including contact card photos

February 5-7, 2024

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Navigation Tracklogs • Breadcrumb trail of everywhere the vehicle has been • Can be recorded at various intervals

February 5-7, 2024

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Vehicle Events • System log files that are recording different events taking place throughout the vehicle • Examples: doors activity, gear shifts, hard braking, wheel slip, odometer readings, phone calls, system reboots

February 5-7, 2024

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Vehicle Events • Event Type: Doors • Shows the time and location of which door was opened or closed

February 5-7, 2024

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Vehicle Events • Event Type: Gear Shifts • Shows which gear the user shifted the transmission into, along with time and location

February 5-7, 2024

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Vehicle Events • Event Type: Connections • Records the time, location, and unique ID of the devices connected to the vehicle.

February 5-7, 2024

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Vehicle Events • Event Type: Odometer Reading • Shows the time and location for when and where the odometer reading was recorded

February 5-7, 2024

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Evidentiary Value of user and Vehicle data

February 5-7, 2024

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Acquisition Methods

Network

Direct Connect

Media

Diagnostic port located under the steering column or near the driver’s side of the dashboard

Remove the target system, disassemble it down to the PCB level and connect directly to it

Custom USB cable to connect to one of the USB ports in the center stack of the vehicle

February 5-7, 2024

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iVe Ecosystem Vehicle System Forensics

February 5-7, 2024

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The iVe Ecosystem is a collection of tools that supports investigators throughout the entire vehicle forensics process

Mobile App

Hardware Kit

Forensic Software

Provides investigators in the field with a vehicle lookup capability which allows them to positively identify what systems are installed and know what data is available

Gives technicians all of the tools that they need to access and remove vehicle systems. It includes custom interface boards and cables that are used to acquire the data

Used by examiners to analyze the data acquired from vehicles and uncover the key evidence that is used to answer critical questions during an investigation

February 5-7, 2024

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Mobile Application iVe Mobile enables investigators in the field to quickly determine the level of support for a vehicle. Identification guides help investigators positively identify what systems are installed in a vehicle and step-by-step instructions walk investigators through removing systems and disassembling them.

February 5-7, 2024

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Hardware Kit The iVe Hardware Kit contains all of the tools an investigator needs to remove systems from vehicles while in the field or a lab environment. It includes specially designed interface boards and cables to connect to vehicle systems to acquire the data.

February 5-7, 2024

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Forensic Software The iVe Software centralizes all aspects of the ecosystem. Investigators in the lab use the hardware kit in conjunction with the software to conduct forensically sound acquisitions. The robust analytical capabilities allow investigators to take a deep dive into the data and discover key evidence. February 5-7, 2024

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Testing and Validation Vehicle System Forensics

February 5-7, 2024

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iVe Speed Validation

February 5-7, 2024

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Test 5 – SYNC Gen 3

February 5-7, 2024

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Test 5 – SYNC Gen 3

February 5-7, 2024

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Tests 7 & 8 – SYNC Gen 3

February 5-7, 2024

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Test 7 – SYNC Gen 3

February 5-7, 2024

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Ford SG3v2 and BMW Studies Vehicle System Forensics

February 5-7, 2024

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2021 SG3v2 Validation

February 5-7, 2024

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2021 SG3v2 Validation 2019 Ford Galaxy Speed Accuracy - Hard Accelera�on and Braking (VBOX = 2,980 recordings, Ford/iVe = 149 recordings- 2m:29s) 45

VBOX Speed

40 35

iVe Speed

Speed (MPH)

30 25 20 15 10 5 0 52240

52260

52280

52300

52320

52340

52360

52380

Time (seconds a�er midnight UTC)

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 33

52400

52420

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2021 SG3v2 Validation 2019 Ford Galaxy Speed Accuracy - High Speed (VBOX = 1,600 recordings, Ford/iVe = 80 recordings- 1m:20s) 120

VBOX Speed iVe Speed

100

Speed (MPH)

0 52500

52510

52520

52530

52540

52550

52560

52570

52580

Time (seconds a�er midnight UTC)

February 5-7, 2024

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52590

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2021 BMW NBT EVO Validation

February 5-7, 2024

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Automatic Emergency Braking

February 5-7, 2024

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Camera Systems • Speed Limit Assist • Speed sign recognition uses a sensor behind the interior mirror to detect speed signs. If your vehicle has speed sign recognition with navigation, stored speed sign data may influence the indicated speed limit value.

February 5-7, 2024

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Camera Systems – Sign Detection

February 5-7, 2024

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Camera Systems – Sign Detection

February 5-7, 2024

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Camera Systems – Sign Detection

February 5-7, 2024

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Navigation – Map Views

February 5-7, 2024

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Navigation – Map Views

February 5-7, 2024

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Potential Data Elements • VINs

◦ Enhanced data for Ford, BMW, and Toyota

• Odometer Data

◦ VIN Support for most other major manufacturers worldwide for model years 2005 – current

• Tire Size/Circumference • Current status – steering, seat belt • Wheel ticks • System Configurations • Diagnostic Trouble Codes

◦ Cost – included in kit, shipped to users with kit and current license, or available for separate purchase

• Parking Sensor Activation Distances • Part Numbers • Serial numbers • TPMS • Wi-Fi • MAC Addresses • Programmed Keys

February 5-7, 2024

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Log Files

February 5-7, 2024

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Real World Crash

February 5-7, 2024

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Real World Crash

February 5-7, 2024

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Resources Vehicle System Forensics

February 5-7, 2024

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Resources

Welcome • Bienvenue • Välkommen • Welkom • Wilkomme • Vítejte • Willkommen • G’Day • Benvenuto

February 5-7, 2024

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Resources

February 5-7, 2024

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Resources

February 5-7, 2024

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Questions

Wesley Vandiver +1 (951) 966-8230 wvandiver@berla.co www.linkedin.com/in/crashology @crashology

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 55

February 5-7, 2024

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February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Nissan Data Polarity and “Clipping” Donald R. Phillips, P.E. National Forensic Engineers

February 5-7, 2024

Rusty Haight Collision Safety Institute

Slide 1

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Don Phillips • Since 1990, A consultant in accident reconstruction, automotive engineering and crashworthiness, product liability • Worked with EDR Data in support of reconstruction and automotive crashworthiness since 2007 • Helped design, test, and validate airbag systems for two of the big three US car manufacturers as well as some European and Japanese manufacturers in the late 1980s up to 1990

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Nissan Data Polarity and “Clipping” Nissan Data Polarity and “Clipping”, how to identify where the Nissan data is reported backwards and what “CLP” really means, or what it might not mean, in certain Nissan EDR Image Translation Reports.

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Nissan data polarity • Nissan system were first supported or access and retrieval in Bosch CDR Tool version 6.0 released 8/3/2012 • 49CFR563 became effective 9/1/12 • Version 8.0 of the Bosch CDR Tool software included the addition of Mazda and Suzuki systems and was released 9/11/2012 • No version 7 because there were two OEMs added in version 8.0

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Nissan data polarity • Almost from the start, CDR Tool users began reporting what seemed like random datasets where the polarity of at least the longitudinal delta-V seemed to be reported backwards • What were clearly frontal crashes were reported with positive delta-V

February 5-7, 2024

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So you think you are finished?? • You have seen the crash report

February 5-7, 2024

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Inspected the vehicle

2014 Nissan Titan February 5-7, 2024

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Matched the Police Report Scene Sketch

Photo of Vehicle

February 5-7, 2024

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Checked the Bosch EDR Help file

2014 Nissan Titan February 5-7, 2024

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Successfully imaged the Data

2014 Nissan Titan February 5-7, 2024

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Everything Looks Good?

2014 Nissan Titan February 5-7, 2024

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The Data Limitations polarity table reads:

2014 Nissan Titan February 5-7, 2024

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So what does that tell us? • Data not good? • Wrong wreck? • Did not record the hit?

February 5-7, 2024

• Delta-V appears to be consistent with the observed damage. • Ignition Key counts, okay….. • Deployment Commands are correct for a Frontal Impact

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

February 5-7, 2024

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The research side • Started with just over 1,550 Nissan CDR and CDRx files

• Files came from various sources including NHTSA’s Crash Investigation Sampling System (CISS) files

• The larger set was reduced to 124 cases/files where we could confirm that the Longitudinal polarity didn’t match the anticipated polarity from the crash • There were others which were suspect but were excluded from the larger group because there was insufficient vehicle or crash scenario confirmation of what we might expect the polarity should have been

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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The research side • Setting aside polarity, was there a magnitude question? • Across the sample we worked with, the magnitude of the reported longitudinal delta-Vs ranged from 1 km/h (~1mph) to 92 km/h (~57mph) • The polarity within the set was displayed as positive and negative • Not all were positive and not all were negative

• 47 were frontal Deployments, and the rest were Non-Deployments February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Magnitude • There was nothing “special” found with respect to the reported magnitude • The “low hanging fruit” was the Deployment group where we looked closely at … • … (1) Where there was a frontal deployment and found that • …(2) the longitudinal delta-V was reported as high was +80km/h (~50mph)

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Vehicle connection? • Was there a specific vehicle model in which the “anomaly” was identified? • We observed the obviously reversed polarity issue across model years 2012 through 2015 and both Nissan and Infinity vehicles were among the group • Don’t lose sight of the fact that data is associated with a module with an EDR not a “vehicle” as such

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Identified vehicle model lines Nissan • 2012-2014 Xterra • 2012-2014 Rogue • 2013-2014 Altima • 2013-2104 Armada • 2013-2014 Frontier • 2013-2014 Maxima • 2013-2014 Titan • 2013 NV1500 • 2014-2015 GT-R February 5-7, 2024

Infinity • 2013 G37 • 2014-2015 Q60

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Identified vehicle model lines • The only consistent “theme” identified was the vehicles in which the modules were found in both Nissan and Infinity vehicles and within the 2012 through 2015 model year range • The next filter was to identify the Data Limitations text version code • All were from the otherwise vague “Nissan001” group of modules

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Is there something beyond the text code? • The Data Limitations text code is useful terms of generally in identifying a system but it may not be entirely specific • The more specific module software ID in Nissan systems is further identified in the CDRx file if one were to look at that in a text file reader like Notepad • Caution: opening a protected CDR/CDRx file in a text reader then making even the slightest change and re-saving it with will render that file inoperative in the Bosch CDR Tool software • Maybe work with a copy of your original data file rather than THE original February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Text reader process • Right click on the file to get the menu flyout • Select “Open with” • Select “Notepad”

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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What we might see… • In the text viewer mode, we expect to see something like this…

• “Nissan03A” is essentially the Bosch identifier for the Nissan type • The next line “DIC $09” and “AB10N” became a recurring theme

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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What is the identifier? • The first identifier is “AB10N” • We’ve seen other OEMs use modules identified as AB9, AB10, and others • That’s not an uncommon identifier

February 5-7, 2024

• The second identifier includes the acronym “DIC” • No apparent consensus but the contenders are: • Data Identifier Code • Diagnostic Identifier Code • Diagnostic Information Code

Slide 25

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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All of the identified vehicles… • All of the identified Nissan and Infinity vehicles in which the anomaly was observed were either “DIC $09” or “AB10N” systems • Some of the same vehicle models had other airbag control modules identified with other codes including … • DIC $07 • NISSAN05B DIC $08 • NISSAN02C DIC $10 • NISSAN_DB_0001 60 • NISSAN06 20

• But none of those were found to have the same reversed polarity anomaly February 5-7, 2024

Slide 26

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Longitudinal, Lateral or both? • The research focused on Longitudinal data showing as reversed for the identified “DIC $09” and “AB10N” modules • We reviewed the larger data set then the filtered the data sets for Lateral events and examined the polarity for those events within the group of the identified “DIC $09” and “AB10N” modules • As before, the easiest group to examine was where there was a side Deployment AND where we had something tangible to compare to the reported polarity February 5-7, 2024

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Longitudinal, Lateral or both? • The problem filtering side data was that, in some cases, the PDOF was such that the side data was, so far, generally inconclusive • Some files demonstrated Lateral data which most probably reversed but other files weren’t so clear • Since Lateral delta-V is not a 49CFR563 Table I required element, the reported lateral data wasn’t – for now – as easy to confirm as the Longitudinal data • Where Longitudinal data is in Table I – the required elements list February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Polarity reversal conclusion • The Longitudinal polarity for those modules identified not by a vehicle model but by module type (“DIC $09” and “AB10N”) will display reversed polarity for the Longitudinal data all the time • The Lateral data is, at this point, inconclusive but appears to also be reversed • Watch for this to be an article in Collision Magazine later this year where we hope to include the analysis of the Lateral data

February 5-7, 2024

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What about “CLP?” Nissan Data Polarity and “Clipping”

February 5-7, 2024

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“CLP” is reported because...

• The notation “CLP” in the Data Limitations

• From 49CFR563, Table III

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 32

49CFR563 - Table III

February 5-7, 2024

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As seen at www.ecfr.gov U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan 2012 Slide 33

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“Range of the physical sensor” • A sensor is a component in the vehicle, a data element may or may not directly reflect data from a sensor • i.e.: delta-V is a calculated valued based on acceleration and time, acceleration is captured by an accelerometer • Acceleration may be clipped based on the design range of the accelerometer and the resultant delta-V may not have to meet the accuracy requirement

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Range and clipping • Range

• The +/- maximum amplitude that an accelerometer can measure before distorting or clipping the signal

• Amplitude is the absolute value of the maximum displacement from a zero value

• Acceleration is typically specified in g’s or as an acceleration rate

Range Range

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 35

Clipping example

February 5-7, 2024

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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2013 Nissan Altima image example

February 5-7, 2024

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2013 Nissan Altima Image

2013 Nissan Altima February 5-7, 2024

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Is the Steering Input (deg) really Clipped?

February 5-7, 2024

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2013 Nissan Altima Image

Event Record #2 February 5-7, 2024

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2013 Nissan Altima Image

Event Record #2 February 5-7, 2024

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Is the Steering Input (deg) really clipped, again?

February 5-7, 2024

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2013 Nissan Altima Image • Both Event Record 1 and Record 2 show Steering Input (deg) as -250 (clp). • Both Event Record 1 and Record 2 show the Multi-Event, Number of Events as 1 • Both Event Record 1 and Record 2 have N/A as Time From Event 1 to 2 • Both Event Record 1 and Record 2 occurred on the same Ignition Cycle

February 5-7, 2024

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2013 Nissan Altima Image • Is the data “bad” or unreliable? • Was the Steering Input really clipped? • Why are both Events labeled as Event #1? • Can we still use the data?

February 5-7, 2024

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The reason for both Records showing the Multi-Event Number as “1” is the Events were separated by 6 seconds, see the Life Time Counter

February 5-7, 2024

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2013 Nissan Altima Image 49 CFR 563 states:

February 5-7, 2024

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2013 Nissan Altima Image • Nissan appears to be interpreting that any steering input that exceeds the minimum required reporting range will be also called “Clipped” (clp) • Does this mean that the steering wheel angle sensor really exceeded its range? • Based on the two Pre-Crash tables, we can see the steering angle sensor was functioning properly when both events are compared.

February 5-7, 2024

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Other examples of “CLP”

February 5-7, 2024

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Other examples of “CLP”

February 5-7, 2024

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Other examples of “CLP”

February 5-7, 2024

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Other examples of “CLP”

February 5-7, 2024

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Other examples of “CLP”

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 52

Nissan Versa 2015 3N1CE2CP8FLxxxxxx_ACM

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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• Assume we agree that the sensor is the accelerometer and, given the direction found in footnote 1, Table III, IF the Maximum Acceleration, Longitudinal data is clipped at about 32ms, then what is the net effect on the Maximum Delta-V, Longitudinal?

February 5-7, 2024

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Observations • It appears that Nissan is essentially repeating the verbiage found in 49CFR563 with respect to what clipping is and has both… • … Applied the notation to situations where there was clearly clipping of the sensor data (i.e.: the acceleration data) and • … Applied the notation to data points which are at a maximum value as reported • i.e.: delta-V of 100km/h +/10% or steering of +/-250 deg)

February 5-7, 2024

Slide 54

Tesla EDR Tool Kit

Crash Data Group is the North American distributor for the Tesla EDR Hardware Tool Kit. This EDR Tool kit contains all hardware required to download the Event Data Recorder (EDR) data for supported Tesla vehicles. This kit contains genuine Tesla EDR cables

www.crashdatagroup.com February 5-7, 2024

Slide 24

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Tesla CAN Bus data W. R. Rusty Haight Christine Garcia Collision Safety Institute

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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What is Tesla CAN Bus data? Tesla CAN Bus data

February 5-7, 2024

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Tesla Vehicle Logs Tesla EDR Case Studies & Reconstruction Techniques - Bob Anderson and Wes Brown

March 4-6, 2019

Slide 3

As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Tesla Vehicle Logs – Diagnostic Data • History

• Diagnostic data is maintained in the car and updated locally every second • Periodically updated to the cloud. • Also updates locally when an event occurs information is reported – think “Freeze Frame” • This may be any number of changes

• Tesla makes this information available upon authority

• LE can contact them with a search warrant

• Info is delivered as a .pdf March 4-6, 2019

Slide 4

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What is Tesla CAN Bus data? What it is

• Diagnostic and maintenance data • “Car logs” • “Diagnostic logs”

• A logging of signals and alerts coming across the in car communication bus • i.e.: on the Model Y there can dozens of computers and modules reporting on the bus to the central computer called the Gateway

What it isn’t

• Not voice recording • Not photos and video • Not time-series GPS location/position data • Not always necessarily something either IN the car or FROM Tesla

• The Gateway records the signals and alerts February 5-7, 2024

Slide 5

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What is Tesla CAN Bus data? • “Not always necessarily something either IN the car or FROM Tesla” • The data is collected in the car computer • It is originally stored to a fragile SD card • When triggered, CAN Log data is uploaded to tesla OTA

• Assume (1) power and (2) a wireless connection is available • Triggering can be done by an alert including Deployments, Non-Deployments or diagnostic events

February 5-7, 2024

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Where will I find Tesla CAN Bus data? Tesla CAN Bus data

February 5-7, 2024

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Where will I find the data? • Data may be stored locally in the car at the main computer on an SD card

• It should be the same data – assuming there was power to transmit that data OTA – as might be available from Tesla

• The card is fragile and accessing and retrieving that card improperly is likely to result in damage to the card

February 5-7, 2024

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SD card data and access • Tesla owner can request the LOG data from the “over the air” (OTA) transmissions • Law Enforcement with search warrant or subpoena authority can request the data from Tesla • Detailed guides explaining how to access the SD Card in the car are being developed by Tesla

February 5-7, 2024

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SD Cards • As with any SD card, these area held in place by a small “keeper” and once the Technician has access to the card in the computer, gently pushing the keeper down to allow the card to “pop” out is all that is required • The technician may find 2 SD cards

• One is the underlying Navigation system maps, not driving record maps • The other is the SD card with the CAN bus data

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• Do not use pliers, metal tweezers, or picks to remove the SD card • A pick may be useful in pressing down on the spring-loaded release • If the SD card is damaged, there will be no data to retrieve

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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SD Cards • The data from the SD card may be sent to Tesla with appropriate authority for translation into a useable CSV format • As the data exists on the SD card, the format is generally unreadable outside Tesla

• The Technician may find 2 SD cards

• One is the underlying Navigation system maps, not driving record maps • The other is the SD card with the CAN bus data

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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SD Cards • Found in the main computer (not always the one with the screen)

February 5-7, 2024

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SD Cards • Gently press the small keeper (arrow) to release the card

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SD Cards

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SD Cards • What is on the SD card is to be sent to Tesla on a designated SharePoint drive once the transmission is approved • Tesla may ingest the data and return the data in CSV format • BUT you may not always have to retrieve the SD card if the data was already transmitted OTA to tesla

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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SD Cards • Before taking the time to disassemble the car you should contact Tesla at www.tesla.com/legal/contact and provide them with your documentation (authority) and they may be able to tell you then that the do or don’t have the OTA data • If they have it, there is no need to rip the car up to get to the actual SD card

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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With appropriate authority… • What else might be available from Tesla? • Assuming there was power and connectivity available to upload data after a crash, there may also be video and EDR data available from Tesla • The EDR data would be the same as one might retrieve from the RCM (ACM) in the car using the Tesla EDR tool • “Near-Deployment” vs “Non-Deployments…”

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Flash drive videos • There is no conversion required

• The videos are recorded in *.mp4 format

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Is Tesla CAN Bus data “universal?” (the same across all models?) Tesla CAN Bus data

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Is the data “universal” • The short answer: “no” • There are currently 2 different bus logging architectures (Legacy S and X) and Model 3, Y, 2021+ S and X and the Cybertruck • The Cybertruck bus is an ethernet loop but logging is the same

• The available CAN Log data element are generally the same across the two architectures

• The main difference is the way the data will be displayed across different rows in the CSV file

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Signals and Alerts • Some signals are recorded on-change or periodically • Each signal that reports periodically may have a different time resolution • i.e.: every second, every half second, and some at 10 sec or more

• The number of signals (data elements) are dependent on the architecture and how much data is captured • They are designed to capture the driver’s interaction with the vehicle • i.e.: speed, steering angle, braking, accelerator pedal input, Autopilot state, etc

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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What are the Tesla CAN Bus data parameters I can expect to find? Tesla CAN Bus data

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Data Parameters • The specific data elements you may receive and the time period covered may vary depending on a number of conditions not the least of which would be the actual availability of the data after a crash • Think: power and connectivity

• Some may have data sets provided by Tesla from years past which may appear “different” than they are today or one may get in the future

• Think: the “Important Notice” on page 1 of the Bosch CDR Tool data translation report • Not unlike the latest translation the manufacturers have given to Bosch

February 5-7, 2024

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As Presented at The EDR User's Summit 2024

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Parameters

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Parameters

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Parameters

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Parameters

February 5-7, 2024

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The EDR User’s Summit schedule 0800-0815

Monday 5th Title Opening remarks

Speaker Staff

Bosch Update

Rose/Baker

Ramon Homan

Break Don Floyd

GM FCM

1000-1015

GM Update

Tommy Beetham and Don Floyd

Break

Break 1000-1015

GM FCM

Don Floyd

Tommy Beetham and Don Floyd

Techstream Part 1

Jason Chilson

Lunch

1200-1300

Russ Casella

09300945

Toyota Safety Sense Testing Break HV EDR

Techstream Part 2

Tim Reust 1400-1415

Russ Casella

Chris Medwell

Break

Wes Vandiver

Nissan Polarity

Don Phillips

Break 10451100

Break Promaster data

Charles Getz

Vehicle Forensics

Lunch

1300-1315

Speaker

Break

1100-1115

FCM Case

Wednesday 7th Title 08000815

Break

Break 1100-1115

11451200

Tesla CAN Bus data Rusty Haight

Conference Closure

1530-1545

Digital Data 1645-1700

Signals and data

0900-0915

GM Update

1400-1415

Speaker

0800-0815

Break 0900-0915

1200-1300

Tuesday 6th Title

Hyundai Kia

Shanon Burgess

ShawnGyorke

1645-1700

February 5-7, 2024

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February 5-7, 2024

Slide 14