Discover Geography Workbook 8 Sample

DISCOVER GEOGRAPHY Workbook 8

DISCOVER GEOGRAPHY Workbook 8

The Discover Geography Workbook 8 complements the Student’s Book, providing engaging activities that reinforce classroom learning and support homework. With a variety of tasks from map sketching to atlas investigations, the workbook will help consolidate your understanding, develop geographical thinking, and connect your learning to real-world contexts.

Workbook 7 ISBN 9780008783235

Workbook 9 ISBN 9780008783259

Made with responsibly sourced paper and vegetable-based ink.

collins.co.uk

Discover Geography Workbook 8 6.32 mm spine.indd 1

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Workbook 8 Rob Bircher, Rebecca Kitchen, Alan Parkinson and Robbie Woodburn Series edited by Mark Enser

DISCOVER GEOGRAPHY

Spine 6.32mm

23/12/2025 10:53 pm

Contents Introduction

iv

Chapter 1

Why do some volcanic eruptions cause more destruction than others?

1

Chapter 2

How do moving tectonic plates shape the land?

19

Chapter 3 What factors contribute to the diverse lived experiences of people across Africa?

40

Chapter 4

How do countries overcome barriers to development?

60

Chapter 5

How can technology support development in East Africa?

76

Chapter 6

Is rapid economic growth worth the cost?

91

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Chapter 1 1.1

Why do some volcanic eruptions cause more destruction than others?

1.1 What are volcanoes and how are they distributed?

Revisit 1 Suggest a link between volcanic eruptions and food production. ......................................................................................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................................................................................

2 What is the approximate temperature range of the magma that reaches the surface in volcanically active areas? .........................................................................................................................................................................................

Expand 3 What is meant by a volcanic hot spot? ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................................................................................

1

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1.1

Chapter 1 Why do some volcanic eruptions cause more destruction than others?

4 What are the names of the two hot spots (mantle plumes) labelled A and B on the map in Figure 1.1?

A E U R A S I A N

P L A T E

OKHOTSK PLATE

NORTH AMERICAN PLATE

JUAN DE FUCA PLATE

A F R I C A N

ARABIAN PLATE INDIAN PLATE

P L A T E

SUNDA PLATE

PHILIPPINE SEA PLATE

P

A P

C L

I A

F T

I E

CARIBBEAN PLATE

C

B

COCOS PLATE

SOMALIAN PLATE

SOUTH AMERICAN PLATE AUSTRALIAN PLATE

N A Z C A P L A T E

SCOTIA PLATE ANTARCTIC PLATE

Volcanoes Earthquake and volcano zone Major volcanoes

Figure 1.1 Location of the world’s volcanic zones.

A .....................................................................................................................................................................................

B .....................................................................................................................................................................................

Predict 5 Why do you think the volcanoes found around the edges of the Pacific Ocean are known as the “Ring of Fire”? ......................................................................................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................................................................................

6 Why is Hawai’i so volcanically active even though it is not near a plate boundary? ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................................................................................

2

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1.2

Chapter 1 Why do some volcanic eruptions cause more destruction than others?

1.2 How can volcanoes be classified?

Revisit 1 Suggest two of the different ways in which we can classify volcanoes.

1 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................................................................

2 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................................................................

2 With the aid of a labelled diagram, describe the typical shape of: a a cinder cone

b a shield volcano.

Expand 3 a What does VEI stand for and what does it measure?

VEI = ...................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................................................

3

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1.2

Chapter 1 Why do some volcanic eruptions cause more destruction than others?

b If an eruption is classified as 6 on the VEI, how would this eruption be described? ................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................

4 Describe the typical characteristics of an effusive eruption. ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................................................................................

Predict 5 Draw a field sketch of Chimborazo using Figure 1.7 in the Student’s Book.

6 Complete this fact file for Chimborazo: Type of volcano: .........................................................................................................................................................................................

Describe its shape: ......................................................................................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................................................................................

Explain how it was formed: ......................................................................................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................................................................................

4

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1.3

Chapter 1 Why do some volcanic eruptions cause more destruction than others?

1.3 How do volcanic eruptions vary in nature?

Revisit 1 Name two different types of lava that can be produced by volcanic activity.

1 .....................................................................................................................................................................................

2 .....................................................................................................................................................................................

2 The image below shows an eruption at Fagradasfjall in southwest Iceland.

Figure 1.2 An eruption of Mount Fagradasfjall in Iceland.

a What type of eruption can be seen in the image? ................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................

b What landscape features are likely to be formed by this eruption? ................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................

5

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1.3

Chapter 1 Why do some volcanic eruptions cause more destruction than others?

Expand 3 What is the typical size of volcanic ash according to the classification of tephra size? ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................................................................................

4 What are lapilli? Explain how they are formed and where they are found. ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................................................................................

Predict 5 Look at Figure 1.3, which shows the depths of ash that were deposited by a volcanic eruption. The vent is marked on the diagram. An isopach line is drawn on showing areas which received 30 cm of ash.

Draw lines (which will be roughly circular or egg shaped) for the following ash depths: 10 cm 20 cm 40 cm 50 cm

6

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1.3

Chapter 1 Why do some volcanic eruptions cause more destruction than others?

10

15 30

30

5

50

20 5

VENT 30

50

45 40

10

15

10

30 30 10

40

20 45

35

22 18

5

15 8

5

15

20 10

KM 0

5

5

Figure 1.3 An isopach map showing depths of ash with distance from a volcanic vent.

Instructions • • • •

Remember that the lines must join any points with the same value.

Isopach lines cannot cross or touch.

The line must pass between values which are higher or lower than its value.

The lines will form oval shapes or circles.

7

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