Albion people

POBOL Y ALBION ALBION PEOPLE

Bi - c en t e nar y c el e br a tio n of th e fi rs t em ig ra ti on f ro m th e Tei fi v al l e y 18 1 9 - 2 0 19

Proposals for exhibition installation at Coalyard/Lloyds Wharf Cardigan © James Lynch august 2018

POBOL Y ALBION ALBION PEOPLE

B i -cen ten a ry cel eb ration o f th e fi rs t emig ra ti on from th e Tefi v al l ey 18 19 - 201 9

Key narra ve elements

POBOL PEOPLE

SIWRNAI JOURNEY

STORI STORY

POBOL Y ALBION ALBION PEOPLE

B i -cen ten a ry cel eb ration o f th e fi rs t emig ra ti on from th e Tefi v al l ey 18 19 - 201 9

Photographics portraits of Cardigan people from the Tom Mathias collection

y pobl

story

POBOL Y ALBION ALBION PEOPLE

B i -cen ten a ry cel eb ration o f th e fi rs t emig ra ti on from th e Tefi v al l ey 18 19 - 201 9

Steerage passengers on board an emigrant ship of the 1850s.

y daith

POBOL Y ALBION ALBION PEOPLE

B i -cen ten a ry cel eb ration o f th e fi rs t emig ra ti on from th e Tefi v al l ey 18 19 - 201 9

Cân Sef Hanes Y Brig Albion The song of the Albion Verse 2 of 72 verses

There were large crowds of people, As you know, all around, Many wanted to hear, Many were fearless.

After the worship was over, They made their way to Pwllcam Without ever expecting to see again Brother, sister, father nor mother.

y stori

POBOL Y ALBION ALBION PEOPLE

B i -cen ten a ry cel eb ration o f th e fi rs t emig ra ti on from th e Tefi v al l ey 18 19 - 201 9

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Recreation of ships hold with bunks

POBOL Y ALBION ALBION PEOPLE

B i -cen ten a ry cel eb ration o f th e fi rs t emig ra ti on from th e Tefi v al l ey 18 19 - 201 9

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Perimeter panels: depicting a cross section of people who may have been on the journey interspaced with verses from ‘Song of the Albion’

POBOL Y ALBION ALBION PEOPLE

B i -cen ten a ry cel eb ration o f th e fi rs t emig ra ti on from th e Tefi v al l ey 18 19 - 201 9

story

Recreation of ships hold

POBOL Y ALBION ALBION PEOPLE

B i -cen ten a ry cel eb ration o f th e fi rs t emig ra ti on from th e Tefi v al l ey 18 19 - 201 9

story

Perimeter panels: depicting a cross section of people who may have been on the journey interspaced with verses from ‘Song of the Albion’

POBOL Y ALBION ALBION PEOPLE

B i -cen ten a ry cel eb ration o f th e fi rs t emig ra ti on from th e Tefi v al l ey 18 19 - 201 9

story

Perimeter panels: depicting a cross section of people who may have been on the journey interspaced with verses from ‘Song of the Albion’

POBOL Y ALBION ALBION PEOPLE

B i -cen ten a ry cel eb ration o f th e fi rs t emig ra ti on from th e Tefi v al l ey 18 19 - 201 9

story

Looking over recreation of accommodation to perimeter panels

POBOL Y ALBION ALBION PEOPLE

B i -cen ten a ry cel eb ration o f th e fi rs t emig ra ti on from th e Tefi v al l ey 18 19 - 201 9

story

Looking over recreation of accommodation to perimeter panels with dinner setting (including use of bunk tables) for around 150

POBOL Y ALBION ALBION PEOPLE

B i -cen ten a ry cel eb ration o f th e fi rs t emig ra ti on from th e Tefi v al l ey 18 19 - 201 9

story

Entertainment on stage or could be in bunk area

POBOL Y ALBION ALBION PEOPLE

B i -cen ten a ry cel eb ration o f th e fi rs t emig ra ti on from th e Tefi v al l ey 18 19 - 201 9

story

Recreation, main hall , perimeter panels and stage area. Dressed for dinner for around 150

POBOL Y ALBION ALBION PEOPLE

B i -cen ten a ry cel eb ration o f th e fi rs t emig ra ti on from th e Tefi v al l ey 18 19 - 201 9

story

POBOL Y ALBION ALBION PEOPLE

B i -cen ten a ry cel eb ration o f th e fi rs t emig ra ti on from th e Tefi v al l ey 18 19 - 201 9

story

POBOL Y ALBION ALBION PEOPLE

B i -cen ten a ry cel eb ration o f th e fi rs t emig ra ti on from th e Tefi v al l ey 18 19 - 201 9

CAN SEF HANES Y BRIG ALBION THE BALLAD OF THE ALBION On 11 June 1819, the brig Albion discharged 180 passengers from Cardigan, in Wales, at Saint John, Late in July, approximately 150 persons proceeded to Fredericton,

where they took

up tickets-of-location

for forest land,

founding almost certainly the first Welsh settlement in Canada, at Cardigan.

The emigrants appear to have been drawn exclusively from West Wales, primarily

from the region known as

Teifiside (essentially the watershed of the lower Teifi River), with one group of families from the parish of Trelech in Carmarthenshire.

While the general features of post-Napoleonic distress were experienced with particular severity in the area, emigration

was also prompted

by Nonconformist

discontent

with religious and political restraints. West Wales was a

stronghold of the anglicized, Anglican, Tory squirearchy.

Since the 1790s, when the first wave of modern emigration from Wales occurred, the libertarian dream of" America" had penetrated deeply a Welsh-speaking society whose language had no status in law. Paradoxically, this gave to the Atlantic quest the quality of nationalistic assertion, and many Welshmen left their own country seeking to maintain their Welshness. Debt, land-hunger, unemployment, enclosures, and the famine of1817-1818 undoubtedly screw. Nevertheless,

the Albion

turned

the

ballad demonstrates that these emigrants were not a desperate and dispossessed rab-

ble, despite the very real extremities of their circumstances, but possessed a powerful and coherent sense of communal identity.

The only known copy of Can Sef Hanes Y Brig Albion, Gan Cabden Davies, 1819 (A Song/Ballad Concerning the Brig Albion By Captain Davies) is in the form of a typescript found at the home of Mr. Edgar Thomas, of Aberfan, Glamorganshire, about twenty years ago.3 This typescript is now deposited at the Na onal Library of Wales.

POBOL Y ALBION ALBION PEOPLE

Can Sef Hanes Y Brig Albion The Ballad of the Albion

B i -cen ten a ry cel eb ration o f th e fi rs t emig ra ti on from th e Tefi v al l ey 18 19 - 201 9

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O listen, my gentle friends,

On Saturday we were all there,

The following morning we set out again

Amiable, tender, very dear,

Everyone together, in accord;

To face the great depths;

I shall give an accurate, warm account

We waited on a wind that we might sail,

We looked at the lands of Wates

Of our voyage, morning and afternoon,

All of us, across the ocean.

Several times each hour;

In the pleasant, remarkable Albion.

At ten o'clock on the Sabbath,

And soon after we had set out,

Captain Davies was our leader;

Several made their way to town,

The wind began to blow across us again,

We bid farewell to Cardigan,

Where we were able to join in communion

Many of our dear family

Till we might come together in the white heaven.

With our brothers there.

Were sick throughout the day and night.

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On the ninth day of April,

In the afternoon there was a service,

When we got up the following morning, We saw

A large crowd gathered

After arriving on board the lively Albion,

land on both sides; We could see the land of our

Where a meeting had been called

Prayers and preaching, And singing praise to God;

birth, And could also see Ireland at a distance.

At Castle Pool in the open air,

And requesting from the Lord

Then the wind rose again,

Where Eben Morris, able man,

His blessing on our journey,

And every member of the family was unwell;

Was giving profound counsel;

Before we went out to the ocean

It was good to turn towards quiet

Then Morgan Jones, Trelech, followed,

To begin our long passage.

Kinsale In Ireland, presently.

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On Monday, at nine in the morning,

On the Sabbath morning, when we arose,

There were large crowds of people,

We set out across the Bar,

We were standing off-shore,

As you know, all around,

And at ten o'clock the following morning,

And the inhabitants, the poor wretches,

Many wanted to hear, Many were fearless.

We were moving on the blue ocean.

Staring at us from all around;

After the worship was over,

We failed to find a good wind,

We kept the Sabbath respectably,

They made their way to Pwllcam , Without ever

Cross winds, not at all fair,

Those are our Rules:

expecting to see again

And tried to pull against them,

Praying, singing and preaching

Brother, sister, father nor mother.

But then we had to turn for Fishguard.

According to our custom.

And spoke, in excellent manner, with deliberation.

POBOL Y ALBION ALBION PEOPLE

Can Sef Hanes Y Brig Albion The Ballad of the Albion

B i -cen ten a ry cel eb ration o f th e fi rs t emig ra ti on from th e Tefi v al l ey 18 19 - 201 9

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We remained there six days,

The following morning it was Sabbath;

But on the Saturday at the end of the week

Very quietly in that place,

The weather was very fine;

When we left Ireland,

Hundreds of friendly inhabitants

We had a service in the morning.

A storm arose in the afternoon

Watched us closely in the town;

Captain Davies, a keen man,

Which caused great fear and fright;

And every possible kindness

Is very industrious in his work,

The noise of the huge winds blowing,

Was shown to us, though we were strangers;

Our welfare is always his pleasure,

And the sea boiling terribly,

We could not expect more

Here and for eternity.

Such that the sailors themselves

Had we been at home with you.

Had never seen anything like it.

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We worked hard as physicians

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Then on Saturday, at the end of that week,

To try to heal the sick among us;

Seeing the waves like mountains

A fair wind rose behind us;

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And like great tatters crashing down,

The sick among us were happier

I don't think you'll ever find

Great waves washing over us,

And they began to recover;

A better Captain than this one;

And beneath us a great depth,

So we ventured fearlessly

As a good physician our bodies' welfare mattered,

We had to tie our sails to the mast,

To cross the vast ocean,

And there was always good advice available;

Lest they should be torn by the wind;

We expected that within days

That welfare, when achieved,

We had to leave the wheel alone as well,

We would arrive at the end of our voyage,

Enables us to face God in the Eternal world.

Allowing it to run freely.

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I can't think of anything unusual,

We were borne along by the winds

We came out at ten in the morning;

Which took place on those days.

For the best part of three long days;

We had gone a long way by afternoon;

Bad weather, very changeable,

That is the reason why we

We passed Cape Clear

High-sounding winds,

Still hadn't reached the end of our journey;

Quite early that evening;

The wind was most often against us,

But no one put any cost on time,

Farewell, Britain, farewell Ireland —

Great rainstorms day and night,

In our great tribulations, that's for certain;

Our blessings on all of you, from the heart,

Many families

We would be perfectly satisfied to be alive

King George on his throne!

Now stayed in bed all the time.

Even if we were a year on the sea.

in good health.

POBOL Y ALBION ALBION PEOPLE

Can Sef Hanes Y Brig Albion The Ballad of the Albion

B i -cen ten a ry cel eb ration o f th e fi rs t emig ra ti on from th e Tefi v al l ey 18 19 - 201 9

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There was a great deal of shaking,

The brave Albion withstood it all

But when the storm passed,

And promises, should things get better,

Despite the frequent assault on her;

Some were ill and some well,

If God spared our lives,

Sometimes down in the trough

But everyone was fairly comfortable,

And brought us safely to the distant shore;

With the waves covering her completely,

Little by little finding things to get better:

Others said we presumed too much

Yet she lifted her head despite it all,

Then for several days

When we came forth to the sea.

Escaping upwards,

We saw ships all around us,

We lived perfectly adequately at home,

Because a strong, able hand

Some travelling in our direction,

And we had plenty of everything there.

Worked rigorously with her.

Others returning from the far off Indies.

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We were poor in our circumstances,

The gentle, capable sailors told us

We saw one ship coming home

Some days we went without a fire,

Very reassuringly, in truth,

From the West Indies, far away,

And though hunger is unpleasant,

There are no dangers in a storm,

Sailing towards Bristol,

The truth must also be put down in the song;

When we are far from land;

And hoping for a better wind;

After we were shut up below decks,

Many on board acknowledged

It came close enough,

Without any access to husband,

The Able Hand above,

For us to speak from the deck,

Everyone was quiet, without agitation,

He who walks on the waters,

But the wind was blowing,

Keeping silent without noise.

Who created heaven and earth.

So it quickly passed us by.

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You would be worrying

There was an opportunity here for faith to work,

We would have liked them to tell us,

Far more than we were,

To trust in God's redemption,

Why they were going home,

If a great storm was blowing

To expect things from Him only,

We were all so happy going

Across the sea at you;

And to thank Him for keeping us alive;

To our appointed place;

If you possessed wings,

I would hope that He would bless

Then we saw a school of large fish

And hastened to us,

These occasions on behalf of some,

Swimming in the dark waters,

You would have heard sweet songs

To teach them always to expect from Him,

As large as the largest horses

And to acknowledge Him for our sins.

Ever seen at home.

POBOL Y ALBION ALBION PEOPLE

Can Sef Hanes Y Brig Albion The Ballad of the Albion

B i -cen ten a ry cel eb ration o f th e fi rs t emig ra ti on from th e Tefi v al l ey 18 19 - 201 9

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God clearly showed

A noisy Sabbath followed,

Here is sad, doleful news,

He could have drowned us all;

Very much like its predecessor,

To tell the district of Trelech parish;

He expects praise

The wind blew terrifyingly,

He lost his senses

For keeping us alive so long;

And the sea and the waves were ugly;

For five or six days

He showed us quite clearly

The great sprays were drenching,

Despite every kind of medicine;

That his words are true,

So that it was impossible to be on deck,

He was closely confined to bed;

"The wages of sin are death,"

Though we dearly wished

He had every comfort

On sea as well as on land.

We could be there to hold a service.

From his friends, day and night.

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Death came to our territory

But this short storm

On the fifteenth day, Ă t eight o'clock,

On the third day of May;

Was over by early afternoon,

His hours came to an end;

One was taken from us,

Without making very much difference

No more shall he be seen

Our number today is less;

To our fundamental experience;

Anywhere here beneath heaven;

Two years old was her age

We now looked all around us,

In the evening he was buried

When she left this earth;

Saw nine or ten ships,

Deeply in the great depths,

It is strange to see old sinners

Sometimes less, sometimes more,

There to lie hidden

Being tolerated for so long.

When the weather had become fair.

Until the great Resurrection.

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It was the little daughter of lona Morgan,

In our midst there were several people sick

We were there at his funeral,

15

For days and days;

Everyone sad in his countenance,

From the parish of Llangoedmore;

Some men were brave and strong.

Dolefully singing and praying,

In the afternoon she was buried,

Let me pay tribute to William Jenkin,

As we laid his body in the watery grave.

In an appropriate way, under the waves;

He is the most ill among us;

He had thought when he came from home

Captain Davies, grieving,

Indeed, there is very little hope

That he would arrive at the end of the journey

Performed this service;

That he will ever recover.

fit and well,

He read the chosen text

But instead of his wish

As she was buried in the waters.

He went to the great Eternity.

story

POBOL Y ALBION

B i -cen ten a ry cel eemig ra ti on from th e

ALBION POBOL YPEOPLE ALBION ALBION PEOPLE b ra tion of th e f i rs t

B i -cen ten a ry Tefi cel ebva ration f 9th e fi l ley 1o81 - 20 19rs t emig ra ti on from th e Tefi v al l ey 18 19 - 201 9

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Though Nany is deprived

O! It was so delightful here!

On the Sabbath morning when we arose,

Of her relation now,

And the ship making excellent progress across the

We saw a great island of ice;*

Because her dear husband is buried

lake,

Many wonders there have been

In the deep, great ocean,

The children playing joyously,

On our journey to America;

Nany is better off than many,

Just as they did on the hills of home.

So wondrous is it to see such great castles

Who might have been in her position.

We didn't see any of these sick,

Of ice coming from the far north,

If she doesn't want to stay,

The ones under ten to about three years old.

Larger by far than the greatest palaces

She can return among you.

Everyone was healthy, and everyone as cheerful

Which you have in your country.

As they ever were.

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Today we saw a school of fish,

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Very many more than before,

Oh, how idle is the talk,

This is the nearest thing I have seen

And the look of them was so frightening,

Among you across the land,

To the parish church of Cilrhedyn,

That it's worth recording it in this song.

Saying, "We will go to America,

Back at home.

The following day we had a lovely Sabbath,

So long as we can have land under our feet."

A great deal more was revealed

Very welcome fine weather;

It's just as well we have a sea to swim,

To our gaze, truly,

We worshipped God without interference,

And a ship to bear us across;

Yet we had no- idea how much was below,

Both morning and afternoon.

We would come home ten times,

Concealed under the water.

heard one making this comparison:

If there was cause, never fear.

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This fine spell lasted,

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But when it was ten in the morning,

Throughout that week,

On Saturday morning, comfortably,

We began the work

Fine weather, a good wind,

We continued sailing in a grand manner;

Of worshipping together,

Everyone happy and cheerful;

Nearby we began to see the banks

The only Lord, He who made us.

We agreed to hold a thanksgiving service,

That lie south of Newfoundland;

We are always together,

On Wednesday afternoon,

There was fog and low cloud

Keeping to our prayer meetings,

To acknowledge God and thank Him

Fully to the west of us,

Praying for His mercy,

For His sweet goodness.

And great thunder roaring

And for our own safety at night.

Terrifyingly throughout the afternoon.

POBOL Y ALBION ALBION PEOPLE

Can Sef Hanes Y Brig Albion The Ballad of the Albion

B i -cen ten a ry cel eb ration o f th e fi rs t emig ra ti on from th e Tefi v al l ey 18 19 - 201 9

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It was so strange that it should be so cold,

We could hear the horns blowing,

Betty Henton, poor thing,

And on the banks where we were,

Bells ringing day and night,

Was pretty weak here, to be sure;

Even in summer it's far colder

Signals for us to keep away,

She cried, and complained,

Than at Christmas with you.

Not to come too near.

"O my little people! We will not see land."

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It was dangerous here,

She continued to shout thus,

Ice and snow is most frequent

In between the ice and the ships,

Lying confined to bed.

In these parts now,

It was necessary to keep watch

She then miscarried,

And the ice coming just like mountains,

Carefully day and night.

As many others have in their time.

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It remained cold enough,

The goodness of God is gentle medicine,

We are nearer by several degrees

For the most part that week;

That has kept her alive again.

To the sunshine than you are,

On Sabbath morning it began

O that she may not henceforth cease

Why then, is it so cold?

To be less vigorous weather, healthy, happy;

To live in praise of her Lord God.

This is beyond our understanding:

We held a service together,

We hope to see her again,

Great crowds of birds,

That morning; we had a happy countenance;

After the season that remains,

Of many colours, large and small,

In the afternoon we buried a little child

Learning to walk the pains of life

And the sea is full of fish

Beneath in her watery grave.

And leaving aside all foolish emptiness.

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Listen, gentle friends from Clydau,

I want you to know that

We were for several days

I have news now for you;

When it is mid-day here

On these cold banks,

The child of William Richard died

With you it is at least

Without seeing anything around us

That day at mid-day.

Three o'clock;

Except unhealthy, white fog.

The sweet mother grieved,

As much as the sun has arisen

We saw some ships fishing

To see her buried under the waves;

Earlier in the morning than it has with you,

At anchor nearby,

Yet there is nothing to do;

It also sets

We passed through them quickly

We must be content with this order of things.

A great deal earlier.

Coming down from Greenland.

In these parts.

On our way to the pleasant lands beyond.

POBOL Y ALBION ALBION PEOPLE

Can Sef Hanes Y Brig Albion The Ballad of the Albion

B i -cen ten a ry cel eb ration o f th e fi rs t emig ra ti on from th e Tefi v al l ey 18 19 - 201 9

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We had several days

We were six long weeks

About two in the afternoon,

Which were cold, foggy and very wet;

On these waters without seeing land,

The pilot came on board,

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But this Sunday morning,

And we then entered the haven quickly.

Sometimes the sun shone,

We could see Nova Scotia clearly;

There we held a service,

With very clear skies in the afternoon.

We went past Halifax and Shelburne,

To acknowledge God and give thanks

The first Friday, in the morning,

Pleasant land, very fair;

For delivering us through the entire voyage;

We rose at dawn,

We came past the cold weather;

For bearing us to this pleasant land,

And we did see, to our surprise,

Here it was lovely summer.

To elevate Him will be the task.

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The gentle, sweet inhabitants

On the following morning we went out,

Now it rode along the waves,

Came to us in a hurry,

All of us to the town.

We observed it from afar;

And bearing great barrels of fish,

Who could imagine how kind

We couldn't understand what it was

Which they sold to us cheaply;

Were the sweet inhabitants of the place;

Until we got much nearer;

They took some of us away

Gentlefolk came among us,

It had been killed and it was dead,

On their own behalf;

Bearing many gifts,

Yet it floated on the waves.

They gave us every encouragement

Some were given here at least

It's far too much to contemplate everything

To join them, all of us.

Fifteen shillings and more.

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We proceeded quickly

The Leader is a famous Welshman,

Now we had a good wind

South of this land;

He sympathises with us like a father;

For two or three days,

We entered the Bay of Fundy,

He found a place for the young people

Cutting through the sea and lifting onto it.

Hurrying towards St. John.

In the town and the country around;

Enthusiastically the Albion sailed,

On Thursday we got up in the morning;

And he settled every head of family

Quickly it moved through the dark waters,

There was great tidying up,

In his own superb land,

Magnificently on the waves,

Everyone dressed in their best

So that they might become well-known gentlemen

Swiftly bearing us away from danger,

To disembark on dry land.

Themselves presently.

The great and strange Leviathan.

We find on these frontiers.

And landing us at the town of St. John.

POBOL Y ALBION ALBION PEOPLE

Can Sef Hanes Y Brig Albion The Ballad of the Albion

B i -cen ten a ry cel eb ration o f th e fi rs t emig ra ti on from th e Tefi v al l ey 18 19 - 201 9

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We were able in the land of Columbia,

O that the girls of Wales

I will give this advice to sailors

To have our first Sabbath in praise of God

Would hurry to us!

Before venturing on the water:

In the excellent and superb church

Here they would get, in service,

Whatever standing you have,

Of the lively Scots Presbyterians."

More than twenty shillings a month.

Seek Jesus as mediator,

Doctor Burns, a famous pastor,

Let the sweet and gentle young men

And then if your ship goes to the bottom,

Is the minister here now,

Come to this delightful land;

You only have to know Christ;

He loves the Welsh nation

Here, within a month,

He will bring your bodies from the depths,

And wants to elevate them greatly.

They could earn forty shillings

From the ocean to the shore.

in the town of St. John.

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I can tell you about New Brunswick,

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He is the great experienced Pilot,

Which is so full of trees, right across it;

You often used to say,

He will bring you easily to the harbour,

I don't think there is anywhere in the whole world

And claim very sincerely,

On land, on sea and on the rivers.

A better district to be found.

That no one would be tolerated

You are daily in His gaze;

You may have told us there were poor people here,

To write the truth home;

And as you sail the rough oceans

I can contradict this utterly;

We can send whatever we like,

He is the greatest bounty of all,

If they were here, we would have seen them,

No one supervises us,

Great is the victory, Great the success,

As we travelled day and night.

So don't you any longer believe

Which belongs to Christ and his grace.

Such empty, foolish things.

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There are no rents or taxes here,

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To the Albion again doubtless you will come,

Everyone owns his own property.

It's time to end and put this by,

With all the "stores",

O that all the poor people of Wales

So as not to tire you out,

Helm and compass, mast and anchor,

Could be here, all of them!

I hope we can meet again,

Everything to make us happy,

Which do you think is best,

And meet in health at the end of the journey.

Faith and hope, perfect love,

To stay at home poor in Wales,

Eternity will be our home,

Widely you will seek in your lifetime;

Or to come here to Columbia land

Each one of us presently.

And then you will be aided

And say farewell to everyone?

O! for the grace to be ready.

By the Man who was on the Cross.

For the judgement to come.

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