'Reversed Metropolis' - Half Studio

MARC5020: Half Studio

REVERSED METROPOLIS D E S I G N R E S E A R C H E V I D E N C E A N D D E TA I L I N G tutor : Lucy Humphrey + Isabel Gabaldon

Coco Xing / Estella Li

M ARC 5020 HAL F ST U DI O / A3

COCO X ING + ESTELL A LI

TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S

01. research

04 - 10

02. research

12 - 22

03. exposition

24 - 33

04. research development

34 - 47

05. recapitulation

48 - 77

06. coda

78 - 83

07.

84 - 85

C L I M AT E + E N V I R O N M E N T S T U D Y

S I T E A N A LY S I S

PRELIMINARY RESPONSE

We ackn owledge t h e Traditio n al Cu stodian s of the l a nd on whi c h w e gather today. We p ay ou r respec t s to Elders pa s t , pre s e nt a nd

C O N C E P T + S T R AT E G Y

em er gi n g an d c eleb rat e th e diversity of Aborigi na l pe opl e s a nd their on goin g c u lt u res an d c o n n ec t io n s t o th e la nd s a nd wa t e rs .

THE PROPOSAL

REFLECTION

REFERENCES

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C L I M AT E + E N V I R O N M E N T S T U D Y

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drawing b y EOS DATA A NA LY TICS p roce ss o f fo re stry fragme ntat ion

Fo r e s t f r ag m e n tati on r efer s to the p roc ess o f dividin g ex pan sive, u n in terrupt e d f ore s t e d re g i ons i nt o s m a l l e r s e g m e nt s .¹ In i t i a l l y , i t s t a r ts w ith i s ol ated patch es, even t u ally leadin g to a reversal wh e re t he f ore s t t ra ns f orm s i nt o i s ol a t e d pa t c he s i t se l f .

C au s es In r e c e n t d e c ades , ther e has been a sign ific an t in c rease in global fo rest f rag m e nt a t i on, l a rg e l y c a us e d by hum a n a c t i vi t i e s .

U r b a n i s a t i o n i n v ol v es the expans ion of in frastru c tu re in t o fo rest ed regions , l e a d i ng t o t he pa rt i a l c l e a ri ng of f ore s t e d a re a s an d t h e cr eati on of cor r idor s b et ween wooded sec tio n s. *

Ro ad c o n s t ruction contr ibutes t o f orest f ragmen tat io n b y p art itio n in g f ore s t e d l a nd i nt o s m a l l e r s e g m e nt s , d i s rupt i ng e c o l o g i c al b alance.

*

D e f o r e s t a t i on for agr icultur al pu rp oses resu lts in f orest fragmen t at io n, wi t h i s ol a t e d f ore s t e d a re a s e nc i rc l e d by f i e l d s , p as t u r es , and agr i cultur a l in f rast ru c tu re.

*

C l e ar - c u t t i ng inv ol v es the w holesale removal of en t ire st an ds o f trees, le a vi ng be hi nd ba re g round a nd c a us i ng s e ve re f r a g m e n t at ion of for es ted ar eas.²

F O R E S T F R A G M E N TAT I O N I N E A S T E R N A U S T R A L I A

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Vegeta ti on c ondi ti on m a p f or N SW Le sslie, R., Tha c kwa y, R., a nd Sm i th, J. 2 0 1 0 . A na ti ona l -l evel vegeta ti on a ssets, sta tes a nd tra nsi ti ons (VAST) da ta set f or Austra l i a (versi on 2 .0 ), Burea u of Rura l Sc i enc es, Ca nberra .

*

~ 5 0 % of ori g i na l f or e s t e d a r e a h a s b e e n l o s t ³

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I nl a nd B ri g a l ow a nd g r a s s y b o x fo r e s t s h a v e b e e n cl e a r e d t o <10% ⁴

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> 7 0 0 na t i ve pl a nt a n d a n i ma l s p e ci e s a r e t h r e a t e n e d b y fo r e s t h a b i t a t ⁵

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The e xpa ns i on of pr o t e ct e d a r e a s h a s l a r g e l y s t a g n a t e d d u e t o t h e l a ck o f g o v e r n me n t i n t e r e s t , a p a r t fr o m r a p i d g rowt h i n I nd i g e nou s p r o t e ct e d a r e a s , w h i ch a r e a r i d r e g i o n s l a ck i n g d e n s e fo r e s t co v e r .

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G ove rnm e nt s ha ve re l i e d o n v e g e t a t i o n l a w s a s t h e ma j o r s t r a t e g y t o mi t i g a t e d e fo r e s t a t i o n , b u t t h e e ffe ct i v e n e s s h a s be e n i nc ons i s t e nt ov e r t i me . P r e s e n t l y , t h e s e l a w s a r e u n i v e r s a l l y w e a k e r t h a n t h e y w e r e i n t h e mi d - 2000s .

Im pa ct Fr a gme n t a t i o n di s r upts the nor m al b alan c e of f orest s an d disables ec o syst e m f unc t i ons , pos i ng t hre a t s t o bi od i ve rs i t y , c a rb o n s t o r a g e, and s oi l health. It gen erat es iso lated p at c h es o f su b opt ima l ha bi t a t t ha t i s i nc a pa bl e of s us t a i ni ng t he d i v er s i t y a n d res ilience in undis turbed f orest s.

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1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Ko gut, “ Fore st Fragme ntat ion: Fa r-Rea c hi ng Ef f ec ts a nd Rem edi es.”

Ko gut, “ Fore st Fragme ntat ion: Fa r-Rea c hi ng Ef f ec ts a nd Rem edi es.”

W W F INTERNATIONA L, “ D EFO RESTATI O N FRO N T KEY FACTS.” W W F INTERNATIONA L, “ D EFO RESTATI O N FRO N T KEY FACTS.” W W F INTERNATIONA L, “ D EFO RESTATI O N FRO N T KEY FACTS.”

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U H I M I T I G AT I O N S T R AT E G I E S

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The U rb an H e at Island Effe ct 7, Coo ling We st e rn Sy dne y © Sy dne y Wat e r Co rp o ration. A ll right s re se rve d. 2017

Spa ti a l di stri buti on m a ps showi ng the reduc ti on i n Cool i ng Degree Da ys when c om pa ri ng the ref erenc e c a se to the va ri ous m i ti ga ti on sc ena ri os 1 9 , Cool i ng Western Sydney © Sydney Wa ter Corpora ti on. Al l ri ghts reserved. 2 0 1 7

In We s t e r n Sy dney , tem per atur es soar h igh er c o mp ared to t h e east ern c oas t a l re g i ons . Duri ng e xt re m e he a t pe ri od s , t he a v e r ag e d a i l y m axi m um tem per ature c an ran ge bet ween 8°C an d 10.5°C h ighe r i n We s t e rn Sy d ne y t ha n i n E a s t e rn Sy d ne y .⁶

Wate r - Urba n we t l a nd s , i n cl u d i n g l a k e s , r i v e r s , a n d o t h e r w a t e r r e s e r v o i r s , p l a y a v i t a l r o l e i n fo r mi n g “ U r b a n Co o l i n g I s l a nd s ” ,⁹ whi c h e f f e c ti v e l y r e d u ce u r b a n t e mp e r a t u r e s t o a s i g n i fi ca n t e x t e n t .

C au s es G e o g r a p hi ca l : Unlike coas tal ar eas, Western Sydn ey is u n able to ex p erien c e t he c ool i ng e f f e c t of t he s e a bre e z e , a nd i t s p a n- l i k e g e o m or phology exacer bates t h e t rappin g of h ot air, in ten sif yin g t he he a t .⁷

Gre e n e r y - Urba n g re e n e r y , t h r o u g h s h a d i n g , e v a p o t r a n s p i r a t i o n , a n d r e g u l a t i o n o f a i r mo v e me n t , s i g n i fi ca n t l y l o w e r s a m bi e nt t e m pe ra t ure s in n e a r b y u r b a n a r e a s . T h e i mp a ct o n a ci t y ’ s cl i ma t e q u a l i t y d e p e n d s o n fa ct o r s l i k e g r e e n e r y s i z e , s t ruc t ure , l oc a l we a t he r , p l a n t t y p e s , w a t e r i n g fr e q u e n cy , a n d t h e r ma l ch a r a ct e r i s t i cs . St u d i e s s h o w l a r g e r g r e e n a r e a s ha ve g re a t e r m i t i g a t i on p o t e n t i a l a g a i n s t u r b a n h e a t . ¹ ⁰

Hu m a n a cti v i ti e s : anthr opocentr i c developmen t s c au se th e u rb an h eat isla nd e f f e c t . N a t ura l he a t - re d uc i ng f e a t ure s l i ke g r e e n s p ac e s a nd w ater bodi es have b een elimin at ed fo r t h e develo pmen t of urba n i nf ra s t ruc t ure , s uc h a s he a t - a bs orbi ng su r f a c e s ( as p h al t and concr ete etc.). Th is st ored h eat is th en gradu ally relea s e d t hroug hout t he ni g ht , e l e va t i ng noc t urna l t e mp e r a t u r e s , and im pedi ng s ubur ban c oolin g. D u rin g daytime h ou rs, t h e UH I e f f e c t c a us e s e xpos e d s urf a c e s l i ke roof t ops t o r e ac h t e mp er atur es up to 1 5 °C h o t t er th an th e su rro u n din g air.⁸ Th e eff e c t wors e ns a s t he d e ns i t y i nc re a s e s .

6 . M e lvi l l e-Rea, Vers c h u e r , a n d Th e A u s t r a lia In s t it ut e, “H ea t Wa t ch: E xt r em e H ea t i n Wes t er n Sy d ney , ” 2 .

7 . M e lvi l l e-Rea, Vers c h u e r , a n d Th e A u s t r a lia In s t it ut e, “H ea t Wa t ch: E xt r em e H ea t i n Wes t er n Sy d ney , ” 5 .

8 . M e lvi l l e-Rea, Vers c h u e r , a n d Th e A u s t r a lia In s t it ut e, “H ea t Wa t ch: E xt r em e H ea t i n Wes t er n Sy d ney , ” 8 .

8

9.

Fio rito e t al., “ Co o ling We st e rn Sydney,” 1 2 .

10. Fiorito e t al., “ Co o ling We st e rn Sydney,” 1 2 .

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SEED Map

1 / 4 0 0 00 @ A3 p ortrait

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WGS_1984_Web_Mercator_Auxiliary_Sphere

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4.0 Kilometers

D o o ns i d e a nd surro unding sub urb shighlight ing t hre at e ne d e co logical communit ie s M ap from SEED ©the Stat e of NSW t hrough the Office of Enviro nme nt and H e ritage

Map may contain errors and omissions. Neither the NSW Government nor any other data custodian will accept liability for any loss, damage, cost or expenses incurred as a result of the use of, or reliance upon, the information in the map.

Map copyright the State of NSW through the Office of Environment and Heritage.

Generated from SEED web map. Created

4:31 PM 1/6/2024

© OpenStreetMap contributors | Land and Property Information 2015 | Division of Resources & Energy | Department of Primary Industries NSW | Department of Primary Industries (Water) NSW | Office of Environment and Heritage NSW | Environment Protection Authority NSW | Department of Planning and Environment NSW | Geological Survey of NSW, 2016

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S I T E A N A LY S I S

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GEOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS

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Rev er s ed Met ropolis depart ed f rom in vest igat i ons of t he s i t e – the r esiden tial sec t or of D o on side. Th is area is e nc l os e d by m a j or r oads an d a railway lin e t h at disc on n ec t s itsel f f rom t he re s t of the Cou n t ry.

Thr ough sit e an alysis, we h ave o bserved a c om pre he ns i ve tr ans po rt at io n n et work c on stru c ted fo r h u man s , a nd t ha t na t ura l habitats stan d an tith etic ally in f ragmen tat io n a nd d i m i ni s hm e nt .

Thi s phen omen on of fo rest fragmen t at io n pos e s t hre a t s t o t he bal ance o f th e ec osystem an d c arb on st orage, whe re t he a re a i s alr eady ex p erien c in g b io diversity loss an d u rb a n he a t – s hown i n s ite analysis an d Nu rran gin gy Reserve stu dy.

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gre e n l an d

flood zone

bu sh

water

Doon si de

land c ontour

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A N T H R O P O G E N I C V S . E C O L O G I C A L F O OT P R I N T

Doonside

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h i gh w a y

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m i n o r v e h i cu l a r pa t h

railway

bush

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gre e n space

bushfire zone

bu sh

urban heat

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Doon si de

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NURRAGINGY RESERVE AND SURROUNDING L AND

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NORTHERN NURRAGINGY RESERVE

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Swamp Oak Floodplain Forest (endangered c ommunity)

River Flat Euc alypt Forest (endangered c ommunity)

highlighting nort he rn re se rve

Cumberland Shale Plains Woodland (c ritic ally endangered c ommunity)

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C u mb e r l an d S hale Plains Woodlan d is a f orm o f Cu mb erlan d Plain Woodla nd , whi c h i s l i s t e d a s a c ri t i c a l l y e nd a ng e re d e c o l o g i c al c o mm unity under both NSW legislatio n an d Common wealt h legi s l a t i on. 1 1

C um be rl a nd Ri ve r F l a t F o r e s t i s a fo r m o f R i v e r - F l a t E u ca l y p t F o r e s t o n Co a s t a l F l o o d p l a i n s , w h i ch i s l i s t e d a s a n e nd a ng e re d e c ol og i c a l co mmu n i t y u n d e r N SW l e g i s l a t i o n . 1 3

C u mb e r l an d P l ain Woodland is a relat ively flat region c h arac t eriz ed by se d i m e nt a ry roc k f orm a t i ons , i nc l ud i ng s ha l e a nd s a n d s t o n e , as s ociated w ith clay soils derived fro m Wian amat t a G rou p g e ol og y . I t c ove rs a l a rg e port i on of We s t e rn Sy d n e y .

Ri ve r f l a t f ore s t s a re of t e n ch a r a ct e r i z e d b y a l l u v i a l s o i l s d e p o s i t e d b y t h e r i v e r d u r i n g fl o o d e v e n t s . T h e s e a l l u v i a l d e p o s i t s a re c om pos e d of s e d i m e n t s s u ch a s s a n d , s i l t , a n d cl a y . A l l u v i a l s o i l s t e n d t o b e fe r t i l e a n d w e l l - d r a i n e d , s u p p o r t i n g t h e g rowt h of a d i ve rs e ra n g e o f v e g e t a t i o n .

C u mb e r l an d P lai n Woodland has been h eavily c leared fo r u rb an an d agricul t ura l d e ve l opm e nt , re s ul t i ng i n bi od i ve rs i t y l o ss a n d f r ag m entati on. Its cur r ent ex ten t h as b een est imat ed as o n ly about 9 % of i t s ori g i na l e xt e nt . 1 2

Thi s e c os y s t e m ha s be e n e x t e n s i v e l y cl e a r e d a n d fr a g me n t e d , ma i n l y fo r a g r i cu l t u r a l d e v e l o p me n t . T h e cu r r e n t e x t e n t o f C um be rl a nd Ri ve r F l a t F o r e s t h a s b e e n e s t i ma t e d a s o n l y a b o u t 14% o f i t s o r i g i n a l e x t e n t . 1 4

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N SW Envi ronmen t an d He r it a g e , “ C u mbe r la n d Pl a i n Wo o d l a nd i n t he Sy d ney B a s i n B i o r eg i o n - C r i t i ca l l y E ndange re d Eco logical Co mmunit y List ing.”

1 2 . Tozer and N SW N a t io n al Pa r k s an d Wild lif e S e r v i ce, “T he N a t i v e Veg et a t i o n o f t he C um b er l a nd Pl a i n, Wes te rn Sy dne y : Sy ste mat ic Classificat ion and Fie ld Ide ntificat ion o f C om m uni ti es .”

13. NSW Environme nt and H e rita ge, “Ri ver-Fl a t Euc a l ypt Forest on Coa sta l Fl oodpl a i ns of the N SW N orth Coa st, Sydney Ba si n a nd South Ea st Corner Bi oregi ons - Enda ngered Eco logical Co mmunit y .”

14. To z e r and NSW National Park s a nd Wi l dl i f e Servi c e, “The N a ti ve Vegeta ti on of the Cum berl a nd Pl a i n, Western Sydney: System a ti c Cl a ssi f i c a ti on a nd Fi el d I denti f i c a ti on of Communit ie s.” Communit ie s.”

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Fl o o d p l a i n Sw am p F or es t is the equ ivalen t of Swamp Oak Flo odp lain Fores t , whi c h i s l i s t e d a s a n e nd a ng e re d e c ol og i c a l c o mmu n i t y u n der NS W legi s lati on.

Sw a m p O ak F l o odpl ain F or es t occu rs in lo w-lyin g c oast al bio region s of NSW , a s s oc i a t e d wi t h wa t e rl og g e d or pe ri od i c a l l y i n u n d at e d s i t e s w her e the gr oundwater is salin e o r su b-salin e.

T h i s e c o s y s t e m has been extens i v e ly c leared an d f ragmen ted, main ly f or a g ri c ul t ura l d e ve l opm e nt .

1 5 . NSW Env i ronment an d He r it a g e , “ Sw a mp Oa k Fl o o d p l a i n F o r es t o f t he N S W N o r t h C o a s t , Sy d ney B a s i n a nd South East Co rne r B io re gions - Endange re d Ecological Co mmunit y Listin g.”

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PRELIMINARY RESPONSE

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Re s e r v e , a n o u n . Wi t h t h e e t y mo l o g y o f L a t i n ‘ Re s e r v a r e ’ , “ R E ” me a n s b a ck , a n d “ Se r v a r e ” me a n s t o k e e p , s a v e , p r e s e r v e , o r p r o t e ct . Wh e n I a r r i v e d a t Nu r r a g i n g y Re s e r v e , t h e fi r s t t h i n g t h a t ca me i n t o my mi n d w a s , w h a t a r e w e t r y i n g t o k e e p ? Wh a t a r e w e t r y i n g t o p r o t e ct w i t h i n t h i s a r e a ? Wi d e r o a d s w i t h v e h i cl e a cce s s i n t h e r e s e r v e , a r e w e a i mi n g t o s h o w o ff t o o t h e r s p e ci e s a n d s a y w e h a v e o ccu p i e d t h e s e s p a ce s b u t t o s h o w my k i n d n e s s a n d co n s i d e r i n g my fu t u r e g e n e r a t i o n ’ s fo r e s e e a b l e fu t u r e , my g e n e r o s i t y o f ma i n t a i n i n g t h i s o n e - o f- k i n d h u ma n - ma d e g r e e n l a n d w i t h a s l i g h t co n n e ct i o n t o s u r r o u n d i n g n a t u r e ? Nu r r a g i n g y Re s e r v e i s a g r e e n l a n d o f s y mb o l i s m t h a t h a s b e e n g i v e n a me d a l o f me r i t b y h u ma n k i n d t o ce l e b r a t e t h e w i ck e d n e s s t h a t mo d e r n h u ma n s did.

I h e a r d b i r d s cr o w i n g , a n d b u g s ch i r p i n g , b u t a l s o t h e r o a r o f ca r e n g i n e s . I s a w t h e cr o w d s o f t r e e s , a n d I co u l d i ma g i n e h o w fl o u r i s h i n g t h e y w e r e t h o u s a n d s o f y e a r s a g o . T h e s ma l l g a t h e r i n g s o f n a t i v e p l a n t s a r e t h e co l l e ct i o n o f i n d i g e n o u s w i s d o m, b u t t h e y s e e m t o b e a r mo r e s i g n i fi ca n ce i n e d u ca t i o n r a t h e r t h a n t h e y d o a s p a r t o f t h e co u n t r y .

I a s k e d my s e l f, w i l l I fe e l b e l o n g e d t o t h i s a r e a a s a p p e a r i n g a s a s i n g u l a r ? Sp e ci e s d o n o t e x i s t s i n g l y s o d o h u ma n s . H u ma n s a r e a l w a y s co mp l a ce n t a b o u t t h e i r a ch i e v e me n t s , fo r g e t t i n g t h a t t h e y w e r e a l s o s i n ce n a t u r e , s i mp l y b e ca u s e t h e y w e r e e n d o w e d w i t h a h i g h e r l e v e l o f t a l e n t co mp a r e d t o o t h e r s p e ci e s . T h e o l d Ch i n e s e p r o v e r b s a y s t h a t a h u ma n w i t h a h i g h e r mo r a l w i l l l o v e s w e a l t h b u t t a k e s a n d u s e s i t i n t h e r i g h t w a y . We t o o k a l o t fr o m t h e co u n t r y , b u t w e fo r g o t t o b r i n g s o me t h i n g b a ck . H u ma n s a r e s t a n d i n g o u t o f t h e co u n t r y ci r cl e a n d co n d e s ce n d i n g l y ma n i p u l a t i n g n a t u r e . H o w e v e r , n a t u r e i s t h e s u b l i me , h o w d a r e h u ma n s ?

We fe a r t o d i s a p p e a r . So , w e d o n ’ t h a v e t o g l o r i fy o u r a ct i o n s , w e d o b e ca u s e w e ca r e , e v e n t h o u g h cu r r e n t l y w e s e e m l i k e j u s t w o r k i n g fo r o u r r e g e n e r a t i v e fu t u r e . Wh e n t h e h u ma n - ce n t r e d p e r s p e ct i v e fa d e s , w h a t i s t h e co n t r i b u t i o n t h a t w e h u ma n s ca n ma k e t o n a t u r e ?

b y Co co

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M y o b s e r v a t i o n o f t h e s i t e d e p a r t e d fr o m 49 Co g h l a n Cr e s e n t , a t y p i ca l Australian bungalow situated at the edge of Doonside’s residential d i v i s i o n . Ro a mi n g t o w a r d s t h e n o r t h , a r o a d l o a d e d w i t h r e s t l e s s t r a ffi c i n t r u d e s o n t h e mu n d a n e n e i g h b o u r h o o d , cu t t i n g o ff i t s co n n e ct i o n w i t h s u r r o u n d i n g l a n d s . I l a t e r d i s co v e r e d t h a t t h e s o u t h e r n d i r e ct i o n , t o o , i s a l i e n a t e d b y t h e r a i l w a y . I t i s i r o n i c t o t h i n k t h a t i n fr a s t r u ct u r e s l i k e r o a d s a n d r a i l w a y s w e r e d e v e l o p e d a s a me a n s o f mo b i l i t y a n d co n n e ct i v i t y – b u t co n v e r s e l y , I e x p e r i e n ce d a s e n s e o f d i s co n t i n u a t i o n , and isolation.

Co n t e mp l a t i n g u p o n t h i s t h o u g h t , I w a l k e d t o w a r d s Nu r r a g i n g y Re s e r v e a cr o s s t h e r o a d . Nu r r a g i n g y i s a n a t u r a l r e s e r v e co n s i s t i n g o f u r b a n p a r k s , g a r d e n s , a n d fo r e s t s , i n w h i ch i t s t r a n q u i l a mb i a n ce s t a n d s i n s t r o n g co n t r a s t w i t h t h e e x t e r i o r . A d d r e s s i n g t h e i s s u e o f fo r e s t fr a g me n t a t i o n e n l i s t e d b y t h e t h o u g h t o n “ d y s co n n e ct i v i t y ” , a s w e l l a s d e l i v e r i n g h o p e s o f r e - co n n e ct i n g t o t h e Co u n t r y , I t o o k a cl o s e r l o o k a t s o me fl o r a s a t t h e r e s e r v e .

So n g l i n e s a r e p a t h s a cr o s s t h e l a n d t h a t t r a ce t h e j o u r n e y s o f a n ce s t r a l b e i n g s d u r i n g t h e D r e a mt i me , t h e y s p e a k a n d n a v i g a t e t h e p r e s e n t i n t a n g i b l e a n d i n t a n g i b l e w a y s . I s a w fl o r a s a s So n g l i n e s o f Co u n t r y , t h a t t e l l s t o r i e s fo r t h e l a n d . I n t h i s ca s e , I h a v e d o cu me n t e d s o me fl o r a s t h a t a r e s i g n i fi ca n t t o t h e A b o r i g i n a l co mmu n i t y . M a t - r u s h w a s fa v o u r e d b y t h e A b o r i g i n a l p e o p l e , u s i n g i t a s a w e a v i n g ma t e r i a l fo r b a s k e t s , j e w e l l e r y , a n d cl o t h e s , a s w e l l a s fo r ma k i n g t e ch n o l o g i e s s u ch a s e e l t r a p s a n d h u n t i n g n e t s . T h e cu l t u r a l s t o r i e s e mb o d i e d i n t h i s p l a n t i n t u r n r e v e a l s t h e i r w a y o f l i v i n g . I n a mo r e l i t e r a l s e n s e , p l a n t s a r e a l s o So n g l i n e s o f t h e l o ca l g e o l o g y - t h e g r o w t h o f d i ffe r e n t fl o r a s a t d i ffe r e n t l o ca t i o n s r e p r e s e n t s t h e s o i l co n d i t i o n s u n d e r n e a t h . Sw a mp s h e - o a k g r o w s o n a l l u v i a l s o i l s o f s a n d s t o n e o r s h a l e o r i g i n , w h i ch t e l l s t h a t t h i s fi e l d co u l d b e a p o t e n t i a l fl o o d z o n e o r i s a d j a ce n t t o w a t e r .

I a l s o r e a d t h e fl o r a s a s a s p i r i t u a l So n g l i n e . A s l i v i n g cr e a t u r e s , t h e y co mp r e h e n d t h e p a s t b u t a l s o e n t a i l t h e y e t t o h a p p e n – e n ca p s u l a t i n g t h e co n ce p t o f t i me w i t h i n t r o s p e ct i v e i ma g e r i e s . T h i s i d e a i s r e fl e ct e d i n t h e s cu l p t u r e . Wh e r e t h e t e mp o r a l mo me n t o f t h e l e a v e s fa l l i n g o n t h e g r o u n d i s ca s t i n t o p e r ma n e n cy , co n v e y i n g t h a t a l t h o u g h l i v i n g b e i n g s ma y fa d e , t h e i r p r e s e n ce r e ma i n s e t e r n a l l y i n t h e So n g l i n e .

by Estella

1 . m at rus h / l omandr a lo n g if o lia 2 . te a tree / l ep tos p er mu m s pp.

3 . blu e-eyed grass / sis yr in c h iu m id a h o e n s e 4 . sn ow-i n-summer / c e r as t iu m t o me n t o s u m 5 . syd ney gol den watt le / a c ac ia lo n g if o lia 6 . black s he-oak / al l oc as u ar in a lit t o r alis 7 . pr ic kl y-l eaved p ap e r bar k / me la le u c a n o d o s a 8 . swamp s he-oak / ca s u ar in a g lau c a 9 . br oad-l eaved p ap erbar k / me la le u c a q u in q u e n e r vi a 1 0 . m ous e-eared chi ck w e e d / c e r as t iu m g lo me r at u m

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si te i m pressi on, response to Country / Estel l a Li

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T H E U R B A N FA B R I C A S A L I V I N G B O D Y * * * * *

The heart: l arge nat u r al r e s e r v e s , t h e n e w me t r o p o l i s t ha t i s co ncent r a t ed w i t h t he b us i es t eco l o g i ca l a ct i v i t ie s is co mp are d t o the he art o f t he living cit y .

The artery: a b ri dg in g c o mpo n e n t t h a t is c o mpo s ed o f co nca t ena t i o ns o f v o i d s , funct i o ns a s a t r a ns p o r t a t i onal ne t work that he lp s living sp e cie s to migrate and flo urish.

The cytop l as m: N eg a t iv e v o lu me s ( v o id s ) o f t h e ci t y t ha t enci r cl e t he nucl eus , co m p o s ed o f m em b er s o f t he e co sy ste m.

The nucl eus: scatt e r e d , po s it iv e v o lu me s ( h u ma n r es i d ency ) , s ur r o und ed b y v o i d s .

The cel l : Made up o f a n u c le u s an d c y t o plas m. T he a s s em b l y o f t hes e l i v i ng m o d ul a r uni t t hen i nfl a t es t he a rte ry , re viving t he e cosy ste m.

CONCEPTUA L M ACRO-PL A N

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CO N CEPTUAL MI CRO -PL AN FO R FUTURE I MAGI N ATI O N

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C O N C E P T + S T R AT E G Y

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Core Meta bol i sm , the N a ka gi n Ca psul e Tower photogra phy f rom N a ka gi n Ca psul e Tower A6 0 6 Proj ec t

M e t a bol i s t a rc hi t e c t s e n v i s i o n e d a fu t u r e p r o p e l l e d b y co n ce n t r a t e d p o l i t i ca l p o w e r a n d ca p i t a l a t t h e t i me o f e co n o mi c pros pe ri t y i n J a pa n. T hi s i d e o l o g y w a s e mb o d i e d i n t h e b u i l d i n g d e s i g n – w h e r e t h e t y p o l o g y fe a t u r e s a ce n t r a l co r e a n d num e rous a d a pt a bl e c a p s u l e s a s s u p p l e me n t s . H o w e v e r , d u e t o l i mi t e d g o v e r n me n t fu n d s , i n d i v i d u a l p r i v a t e i n v e s t me n t s we re prom ot e d – wi t h p e o p l e g i v e n 20- t o 30- y e a r mo r t g a g e s t o b u i l d t h e i r h o me S, r e s u l t i n g i n a h i g h l y s u b d i v i d e d ci t y (Toky o) wi t h s m a l l i nd i v i d u a l o w n e r s h i p s , 1 6 a n t i t h e t i ca l t o t h e M e t a b o l i s t v i s i o n .

16.

“ Critical M e tab o lism. Int e rview Wi th Yoshi ha ru Tsuka m oto – Atel i er Bow-Wow | Q ua derns 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 6 .”

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“Va ri a nts” of a hypotheti c a l l y-reduc ed Mori ya m a , sti l l i ntegra ted i n the c i ty f a bri c a nd preservi ng thei r c om m on i denti ty.

Dra wi ng by Gui om a r Ma rtí n + Ja vi er De Esteba n, 2 0 1 8 .

To k yo ’ s “ s u bd iv u r ban ” p heno m eno n: hi s t o r i ca l ev o l ut i o n o f p r o p er t y d i v i s i o ns i n O kusawa, Toky o. D rawing b y Guio mar M artín + Javie r D e Est e b an, 2018 (i ns p i re d in a d r aw in g by A t e lie r Bo w - Wo w p ub l i s hed i n K i t a y a m a , Ko h, R y ue N i s hi z a w a , a nd Yo s hiharu Tsukamoto . Toky o M e tab o liz ing. Toky o: Toto Pub lishing, 2010).

Vo i d M e t a b o l i s m , w hich em er ged in t h e 2010s, is a t h eo ret ic al f ramewo rk propos e d by Yos hi ha ru Ts uka m ot o of A t e l i e r B o w - Wo w , i n r es pons e to Toky o’ s su b u rb an residen tial areas – an u rb an f a bri c f i l l e d wi t h d e ns e d e t a c he d hous e s und e r h i g h l y s u b d i v i ded indiv i dual ow nersh ip s. 17

Mori ya m a House a t si te bounda ry, portra i t of Ryue N i shi za wa photogra ph by Edm und Sum ner

“ M e t a b o l i s m” in Void Metabolis m ref ers to th e c on tin u al regen eratio n of bui l d i ng s i n t he c i t y . The a ve ra g e l i f e s pa n of a h o u s e i s ar o und 3 0 y ear s in J apa n , in c o mp ariso n , En glan d h as a h o u sin g l i f e s pa n of 1 4 0 - y e a r. 1 8 S uc h ra pi d rhy t hm of r e p l a c e m e n t and r econs tr uction i n t h e 20t h c en tu ry is c h arac t erised b y t he l os s of g e ne ros i t y a nd i nt rove rs i on d ue t o p o p u l at i o n an d econom i c gr ow th. Th is way o f met abolisin g is devo id o f a c ore a nd c a ps ul e s , but i ns t e a d t o voi d a nd a grain. “ Vo i d” p r i o r i t i ses the negativ e v ol u mes o f t h e c it y, wh ic h in c lu des gaps be t we e n a d j a c e nt bui l d i ng s , s m a l l g a rd e ns , a nd c o u r t y ar d s , r e s hapi ng i nfr as tr ucture in t o fragmen t at io n s t h at en c ou rage o pe nne s s a nd c onne c t i on t o t he ne i g hbourhood .

T h i s r e a r r an g e m ent of r es idenci es th en fo rms a more o rgan ic n etwork / spa t i a l re l a t i ons hi p wi t hi n t he c i t y . 1 9

W i t h t he s e g m e nt a t i on o f v o l u me s , t h e i d e a o f p o r o u s b o u n d a r y i s e s t a b l i s h e d , a n d t h a t w e a r e ma d e t o d e ma r ca t e i t s e xt e rna l l i m i t – of whi ch i s s t i l l p a r t o f t h e p r o j e ct a n d w h a t s t o p s b e l o n g i n g t o i t . 2 0 T h i s ch a l l e n g e s t h e d e n o t a t i o n o f owne rs hi p.

17.

18.

19.

20.

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“ Cri ti cal Metab olis m. In t e r v ie w Wit h Yo s h ih ar u Ts uk a m o t o – At el i er B o w - Wo w | Q ua d er ns 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 6 . ” Tsukamoto, “Voi d M e t a bo lis m, ” 91.

Tsukamoto, “Voi d M e t a bo lis m, ” 93.

M art ín and D e Este b an, “ H o m e-Ci ty I ntera c ti ons i n Suburba n Tokyo,” 5 0 .

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S i t e m a p o f Wate r Garde n, 2018, Nasu M o untains, Tochigi Pre fe cture , Jap an drawing b y juny a.ishigami+ asso ciat e s

Wa ter Ga rden, 2 0 1 8 , N a su Mounta i ns, Toc hi gi Pref ec ture, Ja pa n by j unya .i shi ga m i +a ssoc i a tes

Ad j a c e n t t o t h e pr oj ect s ite, a con stru c tio n area was design at ed f or tree r e m ova l . I s hi g a m i propos e d t o pre s e rve t he s e t r e e s b y t r an s planting them to th e p rojec t lo c at io n . He in t rodu c ed water f rom t he ne a rby s l ui c e g a t e t o c re a t e s m a l l p o n d s s u r r o u n ding the tr ans planted t rees, fo rmin g th e n ewly t ran sp lan t ed f ore s t i nt o a wa t e r g a rd e n.

The Wa t e r G a rd e n f e a t u r e s a v a r i e t y o f d e ci d u o u s t r e e s , s u ch a s ca n i n e , b e e ch , a n d Q u e r cu s . Ty p i ca l l y , t h e s e t r e e s ca n n o t c oe xi s t i n wa t e rl og g e d co n d i t i o n s . B y a p p l y i n g a w a t e r p r o o fi n g s y s t e m t o t h e p o n d s , I s h i g a mi cr e a t e d a n e w l a n d s ca p e t ha t f us e s ‘d e ns i t y ’ a nd ‘ r e l a t i o n s h i p ’ w h i ch d o n o t co e x i s t i n n a t u r e .

B y a r r an g i n g t h e tr ees accor di ng t o th eir p art ic u lar sh ap es an d with t h e pond s , a ne w f orm of na t ure – “ a s a n e xt e ns i on o f nat u r e … t he futur e of natur e th ro u gh t h e eyes of man , is c reat ed”. 21 T hi s d e s i g n f e a t ure s ove r 3 0 0 t re e s ha pe s a nd 16 0 po n d s t h a t ar e cr eated am ong t h e t rees.

“ T hi s wa s a proj e c t t ha t cr e a t e s a n e w e n v i r o n me n t b a s e d o n t h e i d e a o f u n d e r s t a n d i n g a l a n ds c a p e a s a rc h i te c t u re . …

I t wa s e s s e nt i a l t o c re a t e a n e w n a t u r a l e n v i r o n me n t o n l y b y r e - co n s t r u ct i n g n a t u r a l e l e me n t s t h a t u s e d t o e x i s t a t t h e pl a c e , i nc l ud i ng t re e s , mo s s e s , g r a s s e s , s t o n e s , w a t e r , a n d s o i l . ” 2 2

21.

22.

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P ub l i c Del i very, “J u n y a Is h ig a mi’ s A r t Bio t o p Wa t er G a r d en – I s T hi s Ar chi t ect ur e? ”

Pub lic D e live ry , “ Juny a Ishigam i ’s Art Bi otop Wa ter Ga rden – I s Thi s Arc hi tec ture?”

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CONSTRUCTED WETL ANDS F O R S TO R M WAT E R T R E AT M E N T

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horiz ontal sub surface flo w co nstructe d we t land vs. ve rt ical flo w co nstructe d we t land drawing b y Sanit at ion Te chno logie s in Eme rge ncie s

B ene f i t s o f C o ns tr ucted Wetlands f or Stormwater Treat men t *

C o mp ar e d to conv enti onal s tormwat er treat men t met h o ds, c on stru c ted we t l a nd s a re s us t a i na bl e , e c onom i c a l (bot h c o n s t r u c t i o n w is e and m ai ntena n c e wise) an d en ergy effic ien t .

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We t l a n d s e nhance bi odiv er s ity an d are less su sc ep t ib le t o variat io n s in l oa d i ng ra t e s . 2 3

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We t l a n d s h a v e m ini m al car bon foot prin t – th ey c an fu n c tio n en tirely t h ro ug h g ra vi t y , e l i m i na t i ng t he ne e d f or e ne rg y i n t e n s i ve p um ps and blow er s . Addit io n ally, t h e veget at io n th at gro ws in t he s e we t l a nd s s e q ue s t e rs c a rbon, c ont ri but i ng t o a s mal l e r ov er al l car bon footprin t .

COCO X ING + ESTELL A LI

c onstruc ted wetl a nds f or wa ter trea tm ent photo by ec otea m

Pa pe rba rk (M e l a l e uc a ) t r e e s a r e i d e a l fo r co n s t r u ct e d w e t l a n d e n v i r o n me n t s . T h e i r b a r k , w h i ch co n t a i n s a p p r o x i ma t e l y 9 0 % a i r s pa c e a nd e xt e n d s t o t h e s ma l l e s t r o o t s , a l l o w s t h e t r e e s t o “ b r e a t h e ” e v e n w h e n s u b me r g e d . 2 5 T h i s a i r - fi l l e d s t ruc t ure re l e a s e s s i g ni fi ca n t a mo u n t s o f o x y g e n i n t o t h e s u b s t r a t e , e n h a n ci n g i t s a b i l i t y t o cl e a n w a t e r , a s o x y g e n i s e s s e nt i a l f or wa t e r t re a t me n t p r o ce s s e s .

Ve r t i c a l - f l o w w etl ands ar e flat and in t ermit t en tly f lo oded an d drain ed, allowi ng a i r t o re f i l l t he s oi l pore s wi t hi n t he be d . 2 4 Ve r t i c a l - f l o w c ons tr ucted w etl ands ex h ib it h igh er remo val ef f ic ien c ies fo r org a ni c pol l ut a nt s a nd nut ri e nt s c om pa re d t o h o r i zo n t a l - f l o w C W s .

23.

24.

42

K us hwaha et al ., “ B io - Tr e at me n t o f t h e Sw in e Wa s t ew a t er a nd Res o ur ce Reco v er y : A S us t a i na b l e Ap p r o a ch Towards Circular B io e co no my ,” 20.8.3.

K us hwaha et al ., “ B io - Tr e at me n t o f t h e Sw in e Wa s t ew a t er a nd Res o ur ce Reco v er y : A S us t a i na b l e Ap p r o a ch Towards Circular B io e co no my ,” 20.8.3.

25.

Ecote am, “ Co nstructe d We tl a nds - Sol uti ons & Servi c es | Ec otea m .”

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D AY L I G H T I N G

CO CO XI NG + EST EL L A L I

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SPONGE CITY

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e xp o se d wast e wat e r cre e k p ho to b y Ruth M ott Fo undat ion

sponge c i ty i l l ustra ti on dra wi ng by MO N ASH I N FRASTRUCTURE

In d e n s e l y u r banis ed r egions , s m a ll h eadwat er st reams are frequ en t ly buri e d a nd f org ot t e n. St re a m d a y l i g ht i ng i s a mo d e r n t e c h n ique that r ev i v es the se h idden wat erways by ph ysic ally u n c o ve ri ng a nd re s t ori ng t he m . Thi s m e t hod he l ps c o mmu n i t i e s r e duce polluted r uno f f , man age flash f lo odin g, an d en h an c e t he l i ve a bi l i t y of urba n a re a s . 2 6

S pong e C i t y i s a n urba n d e v e l o p me n t a p p r o a ch t h a t i n t e g r a t e s w a t e r ma n a g e me n t i n t o ci t y d e s i g n t o e n h a n ce t h e a bs orpt i on, s t ora g e , a n d r e u s e o f r a i n w a t e r .

D a yl i g h t i n g s tr eam s can allev i ate floodin g by restorin g floodp lain s, w hi c h i nc re a s e s hy d ra ul i c s t ora g e , re d uc i ng c h a n n e l i za t i o n to s low w ater flow an d dec rease f lo odin g p ot en tial, an d e l i m i na t i ng c hoke poi nt s l i ke c ul ve rt s whe re wa t e r t e n d s t o back up and caus e lo c alised f lo odin g. 27

I t i nc l ud e s f e a t ure s l i ke g r e e n r o o fs a n d w a l l s , p e r me a b l e p a v e me n t s , a n d p e r v i o u s co n cr e t e t o r e d u ce r u n o ff a n d p r o mo t e i nf i l t ra t i on. Re t e nt i on a n d d e t e n t i o n s y s t e ms , s u ch a s b i o s w a l e s , r a i n g a r d e n s , a n d r e t e n t i o n p o n d s , ma n a g e s t o r mw a t e r on- s i t e . Wa t e r re c y c l i ng s y s t e ms , i n cl u d i n g r a i n w a t e r h a r v e s t i n g a n d g r e y w a t e r s y s t e ms , r e d u ce p o t a b l e w a t e r u s e . U r b a n pl a nni ng i nc orpora t e s gr e e n co r r i d o r s a n d fl o o d a b l e p a r k s , cr e a t i n g mu l t i - fu n ct i o n a l s p a ce s t h a t s e r v e b o t h r e cr e a t i o n a l a nd f l ood m a na g e m e nt p u r p o s e s . B u i l d i n g s a r e d e s i g n e d w i t h w a t e r - a b s o r b i n g fa ca d e s a n d fo u n d a t i o n s , co n t r i b u t i n g t o t he ove ra l l wa t e r m a na g e me n t s t r a t e g y .

Thi s hol i s t i c a pproa c h mi t i g a t e s fl o o d i n g , r e d u ce s u r b a n h e a t i s l a n d s , a n d e n h a n ce s u r b a n l i v e a b i l i t y b y h a r mo n i s i n g bui l t e nvi ronm e nt s wi t h n a t u r a l w a t e r cy cl e s .

26.

27.

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Tonel l i and Amer ic a n R iv e r s , “ Da ylig h t in g St r e a m s : B r ea t hi ng Li fe I nt o U r b a n St r ea m s a nd C o m m uni t i es , ” 1.

Tonel l i and Amer ic a n R iv e r s , “ Da ylig h t in g St r e a m s : B r ea t hi ng Li fe I nt o U r b a n St r ea m s a nd C o m m uni t i es , ” 11.

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REGIONAL INFILL HOUSING OPPORTUNITIES

BY O F F I C E

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H Y D RO LO G Y S T U D Y M E T H O D

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Int e rnal Sub division Plan & St rate gic diagrams Image fro m OFFICE

Western Sydney DEM resourc e f rom El vi s m erged by Q GI S sof twa re

D o na l d ’s e x i s t ing hous i ng s tock no lon ger satisfies th e gro win g popu lat io n a s m ore m i g ra nt s ha ve s hi f t e d t he i r l i ve s f rom t h e c i t y t o r e gional Vi ctor ia. The sh ort age of h ou sin g limits fu t u re ec on o m i c d e ve l opm e nt . O F F I C E ’s propos a l i nc l ud e s f o u r w ay s t o r es ol v e the dem and for 10 dwellin gs an n u ally as a lo n g-t erm a pproa c h, c a l l e d i nf i l l hous i ng . I nf i l l hous i ng r e f e r s t o t h e c o ns tr uction of new dwellin gs with in a develo ped area. Th e p roc e s s i nvol ve s ut i l i z i ng va c a nt or und e rus e d sp a c e i n e s t abl is hed neighbour hoods, o f t en b et ween ex istin g b u ildin gs o r on s m a l l pl ot s of l a nd . I t a i m s t o m a xi m i z e t h e u s e o f e x i sting ur ban infr as tr uc tu re an d amen it ies an d p romo t e den sif i c a t i on. Thi s s t ra t e g y d i m i ni s he s t he ne e d t o e xt e n d i n f r as t ructur e to undev el oped areas, main tain s c u rren t c it y bou n da ri e s , a nd e nha nc e s wa l ka bi l i t y .

Di g i t a l E l e va t i on Da t a (D E M) r e p r e s e n t s t h e b a r e e a r t h t o p o g r a p h i c s u r fa ce , e x cl u d i n g b u i l d i n g s , t r e e s , a n d o t h e r o b j e ct s . 2 8

1 . In ter na l S u b di v i si o n : Thi s i nv o lves c o n vertin g an ex ist in g sin gle dwelli ng i nt o t wo or m ore uni t s , e a c h wi t h i t s own e n t r a n c e a nd am eni ti es . Thes e u n its are separat ed by a sh ared wall, c rea t i ng d i s t i nc t bound a ri e s be t we e n hous e s . The y c o u l d r e m a i n on a s i ngle ti tl e o r b e su bdivided.

S AG A G I S i s a pl ug i n s u i t a b l e fo r G I S s o ft w a r e t o a n a l y z e d i ffe r e n t g e o g r a p h i ca l i n fo r ma t i o n r e s o u r ce s . We h a v e u s e d t h e c ha nne l ne t work a nd d r a i n a g e b a s i n a n a l y s i s t o u n d e r s t a n d t h e h y d r o l o g i ca l co n d i t i o n s o f We s t e r n Sy d n e y a n d D o o n s i d e on t wo d i f f e re nt s c a l e s .

2 . Seco nd a r y D we l l i n g : Thi s i nv o lves h avin g two self -c on tain ed dwellin gs l oc a t e d on t he s a m e prope rt y a s a pri m a ry d w e l l i n g b y di v i di ng the exi s ti n g sin gle-u se lan d.

The d a t a g e ne ra t e d a ut o ma t i ca l l y b y t h e s y s t e m s h o w s h o w t h e t e r r a i n ma y a ffe ct w a t e r fl o w w i t h i n t h e s e l e ct e d a r e a . B y c om pa ri ng t he ori g i na l/ n a t u r a l ch a n n e l o n s i t e w i t h t h e g e n e r a t e d p o t e n t i a l ch a n n e l fo r me d b y t h e t e r r a i n , w e ca n s e e t he re l a t i ons hi p be t we e n ch a n n e l s a n d d r a i n a g e b a s i n s : w h e r e t h e n a t u r a l ch a n n e l p a s s e s t h r o u g h , fe w e r d r a i n a g e b a s i n s oc c ur. A d d i t i ona l l y , on a s ma l l e r s ca l e , w e ca n o b s e r v e h o w h u ma n i n fr a s t r u ct u r e , s u ch a s d r a i n a g e s y s t e ms a n d r o a d s , a f f e c t s wa t e r f l ow on t h e e a r t h ’ s s u r fa ce .

3 . A d a p ti ve Re u se : This m eans reu sin g u n deru sed n on -residen t ial b u ildi ng s a nd re f urbi s hi ng t he m i nt o re s i d e nt i a l properties.

O ur re s ourc e i s f rom E l v i s , w h i ch p r o v i d e s b o t h A u s t r a l i a n - w i d e 1m D E M d a t a d e r i v e d fr o m SRT M a n d 5m D E M d a t a d e ri ve d f rom Li DA R. T h e d a t a i s co mp o s e d o f s e v e r a l s ma l l e r D E M p i e ce s me r g e d u s i n g Q G I S. T h e g r e y g r a d i e n t s h o w s t he c ha ng e i n he i g ht s o f t h e t e r r a i n / b a r e e a r t h .

A s t he l e ve l of d e t a i l va r i e s b e t w e e n t h e 1m a n d 5m d a t a , w e ’ v e co mb i n e d t h e r e s u l t s u s i n g SAG A G I S.

4 . E m p ty P l o t : This inv ol v es m er gin g mu lt ip le sin gle-u se lan ds in t o a large r c ons ol i d a t e d t ra c t of l a nd , e na bl i ng l a rg e r d e v e l o p me nts to cr eate m edium-den sity h o u sin g b y t akin g advan t age of d ua l a c c e s s a nd va c a nt l a nd .

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28.

‘W hat Is a D igit al Ele vation Model (DEM)? | U.S. Geol ogi c a l Survey’.

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05. recapitulation

THE PROPOSAL

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“ M E T RO - PO LIS “ T h e t e r m “ me t r o p o l i s ” i s co mp o s e d o f t w o p a r t s : “ me t r o ” a l l u d e s t o mo t h e r , a n d “ p o l i s ” me a n s ci t y .

I n t h i s me a n i n g , t h e me t r o p o l i s i s p e r ce i v e d a s t h e ce n t r e p o i n t o f a t t r a ct i o n t h a t h o l d s t h e r e s t o f t h e u r b a n co n t e x t s t o g e t h e r .

I t d e s cr i b e s t h e mo s t i mp o r t a n t co r e o f a r e g i o n , co n v e n t i o n a l l y co n ce n t r a t e d w i t h t h e b u s i e s t h u ma n a ct i v i t i e s . T h i s w o r d , i n t u r n , r e v e a l s t h a t t h e b u i l d - u p o f o u r u r b a n d e v e l o p me n t i s h u m a n - c e n t r i c , a n d l a ck s t h e co n s i d e r a t i o n o f o t h e r s p e ci e s .

T h i s p h e n o me n o n i s e v i d e n t i n o u r s i t e a n a l y s i s o f D o o n s i d e .

We h a v e o b s e r v e d a co mp r e h e n s i v e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n n e t w o r k co n s t r u ct e d fo r h u ma n s , a n d t h a t n a t u r a l h a b i t a t s s t a n d co n v e r s e l y i n fr a g me n t a t i o n . T h i s p h e n o me n o n o f f ore s t f r a gm e n t a t i on p o s e s t h r e a t s t o t h e b a l a n ce o f e co s y s t e m a n d ca r b o n s t o r a g e , w h e r e t h e a r e a i s a l r e a d y e x p e r i e n ci n g b i odi ve r s i t y l os s , u r ba n h e a t , f l oodi n g, a n d drou gh t .

M ETROPOLIS, 1927, dire cte d b y FRITZ L A NG. Co p y right U .F.A .

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CONCEPTUAL PL AN

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A ND THE R E V E R SE D. . .

Rev er s ed Metropolis seeks t o rec on c ile th e la nd wi t h a n e c o c e n tr i c ap proac h , p ositio n in g major n atu ral h a bi t a t s a s t he ne w “m etr op olis”. Th is vision re-lo c alises Tsu kamot o’s t he ore t i c a l fr am ework o f “Void M etabolis m ” t akin g t h e c onc a t e na t i on of v oids (sp ac es bet ween p ositive massin g) as a ne w t ra ns port a t i on netw ork fo r t h e ec o system. Th ese n egative vo l um e s g row f rom the s mallest u n its in sc ale, th en gradu ally ra d i a t e t he e nt i re dom ai n th at c en t ralised f rom t h e n ew “met ropol i s ” .

Rev er s ed Met ropolis is an u rban plan n in g p ropos a l t ha t s of t l y tr ans forms th e ex istin g residen t ial lan dsc ap e wi t h l ow c a rbon em i s s ion s.

The r eversal o f in frastru c tu ral c o n c aten atio n a nd e c ol og i c a l fr agm en t at io n is realised in th e revival o f c onc e a l e d hyd ro lo g y and the spreadin g of ecological migrating pat hs – a nd vi a t hi s pr ocess, h u man -b ased massin g, in tu rn , bec om e s f ra g m e nt e d , and artific ial b ou n daries b ec ome dimin ish ed.

We ar e c h allen gin g th e c on c ep t o f an t h ro poge ni c owne rs hi p, a s the porous and vague boundar y qu estio n s o f whi c h i s s t i l l pa rt of the residen c e an d wh at stops b elo n gin g t o i t .

1 / 2 0 0 0 0 @ A3 portra i t

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possi bl e dr ai n age basi n

pot e n t i al ch an n e l

e xi st i n g h ydro are a

e xi st i n g r i ve r

Doon si de

U R B A NIS AT IO N A ND WAT E R H u ma n - ce n t r i c u r b a n i s a t i o n h a s l e d t o h a r d e n e d s u r fa ce s fo r h u ma n co n v e n i e n ce - t h e y p r e v e n t n a t u r a l r a i n fa l l fr o m e ffe ct i v e l y i n fi l t r a t i n g t h e g r o u n d , r e s u l t i n g i n t h e l o s s o f t h i s v a l u a b l e w a t e r r e s o u r ce . B e fo r e t h e i mp l e me n t a t i o n o f s e a w a t e r d e s a l i n a t i o n , Sy d n e y h e a v i l y r e l i e d o n t h e Wa r r a g a mb a D a m fo r w a t e r s t o r a g e , w i t h 80% o f i t s w a t e r s u p p l y co mi n g fr o m t h i s s o u r ce . H o w e v e r , d u r i n g t h e d r o u g h t i n 2019, t h e w a t e r l e v e l d r o p p e d b y 47% , ma k i n g i t i n s u ffi ci e n t t o me e t t h e d e ma n d . A l t h o u g h d e s a l i n a t i o n i s n o w i n u s e , i t s o p e r a t i o n i n cr e a s e s w a t e r p r i ce s b y 30 t o 40 ce n t s p e r l i t r e .

1/120000

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e xi st i n g cre e k e xi st i n g pon d possi bl e dr ai n age basi n pot e n t i al ch an n e l cl ass 1 pot e n t i al ch an n e l cl ass 2 pot e n t i al ch an n e l cl ass 3 t r af f i c Doon si de

T h e i m p l e m e n t a t i on of wa te r s ol ve s t h e i s s u e s of f l ood, drou gh t , b i odi ve r s i t y l os s , a n d u r ba n h e a t .

E v i d e n t i n t h e h y d r o l o g y s t u d i e s , t h e s t r e a mi n g o r d e r o f p o t e n t i a l w a t e r ch a n n e l s i s d e p e n d e n t o n b o t h t h e n a t u r a l t e r r a i n s a n d mo r e p r o mi n e n t l y e x i s t i n g i n fr a s t r u ct u r e s ( i . e . r o a d w o r k a n d o t h e r p o s i t i v e ma s s i n g ) . A d d i t i o n a l l y , p o t e n t i a l w a t e r b a s i n s ( p o t e n t i a l fl o o d i n g z o n e s ) a r e l e s s l i k e l y t o o ccu r n e a r e x i s t i n g w a t e r s t r e a ms .

To e l i mi n a t e l o ca l fl o o d i n g , w e a r e h e n ce p r o p o s i n g n e w w a t e r s t r e a ms a l o n g t h e e x i s t i n g i n fr a s t r u ct u r a l p a t t e r n b y d e - p a v i n g a p o r t i o n o f t h e e x i s t i n g b i t u me n r o a d a n d p e d e s t r i a n p a t h - b a s e d o n t h e a n a l y s i s o f p o t e n t i a l w a t e r b a s i n a n d St r a h l e r o r d e r .

1/20000 @ A 3 p o rt rait

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PO RO S IT Y vs .

FLO O D, DRO U GH T, B IO R E GIO NS & U R B A N H E AT A l l u d i n g t o t h e “ Sp o n g e Ci t y ” a n d t h e “ D a y l i g h t M o v e me n t ” w e a r e de - pa v i n g h a r d e n e d g r o u n d t o e n h a n ce t h e p oros i t y o f u r b a n s u r fa ce s . T h i s a l l o w s r a i n w a t e r t o s e e p i n t o t h e s o i l a n d b e s t o r e d t h r o u g h b i o s w a l e s y s t e ms – w h i ch r e s p o n d t o t h e A u s t r a l i a n cl i ma t e w h e r e fl o o d a n d d r o u g h t co e x i s t . T h i s s t r a t e g y e n s u r e s t h a t t h e r e i s wa te r a va i l a b l e du r i n g drou gh t s a n d to m a n a ge wa te r dr a i n a ge du r i n g f l oods .

T h e p e r me a b l e w a t e r n e t w o r k s i mu l t a n e o u s l y g i v e s l i fe t o t h e growt h of e c ol ogi c a l m i gr a t i n g pa t h s , a n d t h e v a r y i n g w a t e r co n d i t i o n s o f t h e h a b i t a t fo r m a v a r i e t y o f b i o r e g i o n s t h a t h a v e p r e v i o u s l y b e e n i d e n t i fi e d a s e n d a n g e r e d i n N u r r a g i n g y Re s e r v e .

T h i s v e g e t a t i o n t h e n e ffe ct i v e l y mi t i g a t e s u r ba n h e a t .

re nde r

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PRINCIPLES

M ARC 5020 HAL F ST U DI O / A3

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01 Re ve r s e d M e t rop ol i s T h e d e v e l o p me n t o f t h e u r b a n fa b r i c d e p a r t s fr o m r e g i o n s t h a t a r e co n ce n t r a t e d w i t h d e n s e v e g e t a t i o n . T h e s e n a t u r a l h a b i t a t s b e co me t h e n e w ce n t r e o f a t t r a ct i o n o f t h e ci t y .

02 Voi d M e t a b ol i s m T h e v o i d s b e t w e e n p o s i t i v e v o l u me s b e co me t h e fo cu s o f t h e p r o p o s a l , h o u s i n g t h e me t a b o l i s i n g n a t u r e . T h e co n ca t e n a t i o n o f n e g a t i v e v o l u me s fo r ms b i o - co r r i d o r s t h a t r e v i v e t h e r e v e r s e d me t r o p o l i s .

01

02

03

03 H ydrol ogi c a l Re v i va l T h e b l u e fr a g me n t s a r e p o t e n t i a l w a t e r r e s o u r ce s t h a t a r e cu r r e n t l y co n ce a l e d b y h u ma n - ce n t r i c u r b a n i s a t i o n . Re v e r s e d Me t r o p o l i s s e e k s t o r e v i v e t h e w a t e r n e t w o r k t o s o l v e t h e i s s u e o f fl o o d , d r o u g h t , biodiversity loss and urban heat.

04 Porou s B ou n da r y T h e o r g a n i c fo r m o f n a t u r a l co r r i d o r s d e ma r ca t e s t h e e x i s t e n ce o f l o t b o u n d a r i e s , ch a l l e n g i n g t h e co n ce p t o f l a n d o w n e r s h i p – w h i ch r e i n fo r ce s t h e d o mi n a n ce o f h u ma n s .

05 D a y l i gh t i n g T h e d e p a v i n g o f h a r d e n e d g r o u n d s u r fa ce - p r e v i o u s l y co n s t r u ct e d fo r h u ma n - ce n t r e d i n fr a s t r u ct u r e . T h e r e mo v a l o f s u ch r e a l i s e s t h e p o r o s i t y t h a t i s e s t a b l i s h e d i n t h e “ Sp o n g e Ci t y ” . I t a l l o w s t h e g r o w t h o f n a t u r a l h a b i t a t s – r e s p o n d i n g t o t h e s y mb i o t i c v i s i o n .

04

05

06

06 D i m i n i s h e d Ve h i c u l a r Pa t te r n T h e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n n e t w o r k o f h u ma n s i s r e - e n v i s i o n e d t o a d a p t t o t h e r e v e r s e d me t r o p o l i s . M i n i ma l v e h i cu l a r u s e i s e n co u r a g e d t o ma k e s p a ce fo r b i o r e g i o n s a n d t o r e d u ce ca r b o n e mi s s i o n s .

07 H a l v i n g t h e H ou s e O n e h o u s e i s s u b d i v i d e d i n t o t w o , h o u s i n g t w o fa mi l i e s , i n w h i ch t h e a v e r a g e a r e a p e r p e r s o n i n D o o n s i d e ch a n g e s fr o m 76m2 t o 38m2 – t o a cco mmo d a t e t o fu t u r e p o p u l a t i o n g r o w t h . T h e e x i s t i n g p r o p e r t i e s a r e ca p a b l e o f h o u s i n g t w i ce t h e cu r r e n t p o p u l a t i o n . T h i s s t r a t e g y d i r e ct l y h a l v e s t h e ca r b o n e mi s s i o n s o f r e s i d e n t i a l d e v e l o p me n t p e r p e r s o n .

08 Re c yc l e d a n d B i ode gr a da b l e M a te r i a l s Re cy cl e d a n d b i o d e g r a d a b l e ma t e r i a l s a r e u s e d fo r t h e p r o p o s e d pedestrian path.

09 C i rc u l a r i t y A s e t o f ci r cu l a r r e s o u r ce b a s e d r e t r o fi t s i s p r o p o s e d fo r t h e d o me s t i c i n t e r fa ce , i n cl u d i n g a s t o r mw a t e r s y s t e m fo r w a t e r u s e a n d a s o l a r s y s t e m fo r e l e ct r i ci t y .

07

60

08

09

61

MA R C5020 HALF ST UD IO / A3

PL AN (NEIGHBOURHOOD)

CO CO XI NG + EST EL L A L I

M ARC 5020 HAL F ST U DI O / A3

COCO X ING + ESTELL A LI

Constructed Wetlands Drainage Basins Potential Channel Contour Original lot boundaries

To ma k e w a y fo r n a t u r a l h a b i t a t s , c ol l e c t i ve pa r ki n g, c om m u n i t y b u s e s , a n d b i c yc l e l a n e s a r e p r o p o s e d t o a cco mmo d a t e t h e d i mi n i s h e d v e h i cl e d e ma n d . E l e va te d t r a i l i s i n t r o d u ce d t o e n co u r a g e p e d e s t r i a n mo v e me n t , w h i ch i t ma k e s mi n i ma l fo o t p r i n t i n n a t u r e . A d d i t i o n a l l y , t o mi n i mi s e ca r b o n fo o t p r i n t , t h e t r a i l s a r e ma d e fr o m re c yc l e d a n d b i ode gr a da b l e ma t e r i a l s t h a t co r r e s p o n d t o t h e l o ca l co n d i t i o n s .

1/600 @ A 3 p ort rait

62

63

MA R C5020 HALF ST UD IO / A3

PLAN 67, 69 + 71 C O V E N Y S T R E E T, D O O N S I D E , N S W 2767

CO CO XI NG + EST EL L A L I

M ARC 5020 HAL F ST U DI O / A3

COCO X ING + ESTELL A LI

New Demolished Existing Potential Channel Contour Constructed Wetlands Original lot boundaries

We w o u l d l i k e t o t h i n k o f “s u f f i c i e n c y ” ove r “e f f i c i e n c y ” .

Co n s i d e r i n g t h e s u ffi ci e n cy o f r e s i d e n t i a l s u p p l y i n D o o n s i d e , w e b e l i e v e t h a t t h e mo s t e ffe ct i v e me t h o d o f l o w e r i n g ca r b o n e mi s s i o n s i s t o n o t b u i l d . I n s t e a d , w e a r e p r o p o s i n g a s e t o f l ow c a r b on e n e rgy a n d s e r v i c e s re t rof i t t h a t a cco mmo d a t e s t h e ma s t e r p l a n a n d s o ft l y u p g r a d e s t h e d o me s t i c r e a l m, w h i ch i n cl u d e s d o me s t i c s t o r mw a t e r t r e a t me n t i n s t r u me n t s – w a t e r t a n k , r a i n ch a i n , r e d i r e ct e d g u t t e r , s t o n e ch a n n e l , a n d b i o s w a l e d r a i n a g e ; a n d s o l a r p a n e l s fo r r e n e w a b l e e l e ct r i ci t y . A d d i t i o n a l l y , t o a cco mo d a t e t o fu t u r e p o p u l a t i o n g r o w t h , a s u b di v i s i on strategy is proposed.

1/200 @ A 3 p ort rait

SUBDIVISION CARBON EMISSION FOR ADDITIONAL NEW CONSTRUCTIONS ONLY (71 + 71A Coveny Street, Doonside, NSW 2767) total global warming potential: 1709.6 kg CO2e A1-A3 construction materials: 975.42 kg CO2e A4 Transpor tation to site: 28.14 kg CO2e

64

65

MA R C5020 HALF ST UD IO / A3

LO N G S E C T I O N 71 + 71 A C O V E N Y S T R E E T, D O O N S I D E , N S W 2767

CO CO XI NG + EST EL L A L I

M ARC 5020 HAL F ST U DI O / A3

S U B D I V I S I O N S T R AT E G Y

COCO X ING + ESTELL A LI

1 / 1 0 0 @ A3 sp read

B a s e d on t he e xi s t i ng co n t e x t o f D o o n s i d e , mo s t r e s i d e n t i a l t y p e s a r e s i n g l e d w e l l i n g s , p r o v i d i n g g e n e r o u s i n t e r n a l a nd e xt e rna l s pa c e s . T h e s t u d i e d s i t e - 71 & 71A Co v e n y St r e e t , fe a t u r e s t w o s e l f- co n t a i n e d h o u s e s ( a ma i n h o u s e wi t h a g ra nny f l a t ). To ma x i mi z e l a n d u s e , w e d e ci d e d t o d i v i d e t h e ma i n h o u s e i n t o t w o u n i t s v i a t h e s t r a t e g y o f in te r n al s u bd ivis io n . N e w w a l l s a r e a d d e d a n d o n e e x i s t i n g w a l l i s r e mo v e d t o d i v i d e t h e i n t e r n a l s p a ce i n t o t w o d e pe nd e nt uni t s . I n t o t a l , t h r e e n e w w a l l s w e r e cr e a t e d t o ma k e a n a d d i t i o n a l b e d r o o m t o e a ch u n i t , fo r mi n g a 3 - be d room , 2 - ba t hroom u n i t , a n d a 2- b e d r o o m, 1- b a t h r o o m u n i t , b o t h o f w h i ch a r e d e s i r a b l e o p t i o n s i n t h e ma r k e t .

New Demolished Existing Constructed Wetlands

66

Thi s s t ra t e g y i nvol ve s mi n i m a l re n ova t i on to p rov i de f u l l a m e n i t i e s fo r e a ch u n i t . T h e s e r v i ce a r e a s , s u ch a s t h e b a t h r o o m, a re m a i nt a i ne d , a nd t h e l a u n d r y i s r e p u r p o s e d i n t o a b a t h r o o m. T h e n e w k i t ch e n fo r t h e 2- b e d r o o m u n i t i s p o s i t i o n e d ne xt t o t he ori g i na l ki t ch e n . A l l s e r v i ce s a r e l i n k e d , e l i mi n a t i n g t h e n e e d fo r u n e x p e ct e d co n s t r u ct i o n s . T h e s h a r e d w a l l be t we e n t he t wo uni t s h a s b e e n t h i ck e n e d t o me e t t h e fi r e s e p a r a t i o n w a l l r e g u l a t i o n o f t h e N CC fo r a cl a s s 1a b u i l d i n g .

The d e t a i l e d s t ra t e g y re fe r s t o O F F I CE ’ s p r o j e ct a t 6 R a y Co u r t . St e e l co l u mn s a r e i n s t a l l e d i n s i d e t h e fi r e w a l l t o s u p p o r t t he t rus s a nd a re f i xe d t o t h e t r u s s w i t h b r a ck e t s , w i t h fi x e d co n n e ct i o n s t o t h e e x i s t i n g s l a b . A l l p e n e t r a t i o n s a r e s l e e v e d up t o 3 0 0 m m on e a c h si d e o f t h e fi r e w a l l , a n d t h e fi r e w a l l i s co n s t r u ct e d w i t h s t e e l s t u d s a n d n o n - co mb u s t i b l e i n s u l a t i o n .

67

render

MA R C5020 HALF ST UD IO / A3

S E C T I O N A L D E TA I L T Y P I C A L 01

CO CO XI NG + EST EL L A L I

1. gut t er 2 . ra in chain 3 . dripping stone 4 . f lo od path wall 5 . bioswale drainage 6 . ra inwater plum b 7 . f ilt er + pum p 8 . hot water tank 9 . sola r panel

S E C T I O N A L D E TA I L T Y P I C A L 02

COCO X ING + ESTELL A LI

1 . gu t t e r 2. down pi pe 3. wat e r t an k 4. f i l t e r + pu mp 5. r ai n wat e r pl u mb 6. e l e vat e d t r ack 7 . sol ar pan e l

1/30 @ A 3 p o rt rait

70

M ARC 5020 HAL F ST U DI O / A3

1 / 3 0 @ A3 portra i t

71

MA R C5020 HALF ST UD IO / A3

B I O R E G I O N 01 + P E D E S T R I A N T R A I L CUMBERLAND SHALE PLAINS WOODLAND

CO CO XI NG + EST EL L A L I

C A R B O N E M I S S I O N / 100 m2 (land size), 17 m2 (path area) total global war ming potential (estimated): 398.64 kg CO2e A1-A3 construction materials: 34.94 kg CO2e

M AT E R I A L S C O M B I N AT I O N F O R D R Y R E G I O N * * * *

72

recycled struct ural hollow steel sections recycled stainless steel balustrade recycled galvanized steel gratings acr ylic polyurethane coating for metal

M ARC 5020 HAL F ST U DI O / A3

B I O R E G I O N 02 + P E D E S T R I A N T R A I L C U M B E R L A N D R I V E R F L AT F O R E S T

COCO X ING + ESTELL A LI

CARBON EMISSION / 100 m2 (land size), 30 m2 (path area) total global war ming potential (estimated): 95.27 kg CO2e A1-A3 construction materials: 49.02 kg CO2e

PED ESTRIA N TRA IL A XONOM ETRIC 1/200 @ A 3 p ort rait

MATERIALS CONBINATION FOR PARTIALLY MOIST REGION * * * *

recycled chemical treated structural timber batten recycled metal roofing recycled timber decking steel bolts

PEDESTRI AN TRAI L AXO N O METRI C 1 / 2 0 0 @ A3 portra i t

73

MA R C5020 HALF ST UD IO / A3

B I O R E G I O N 03 + P E D E S T R I A N T R A I L F L O O D P L A I N S WA M P F O R E S T

CO CO XI NG + EST EL L A L I

M ARC 5020 HAL F ST U DI O / A3

MODEL

COCO X ING + ESTELL A LI

CARBON EMISSION / 100 m2 (land size), 23 m2 (path area) total global war ming potential : 72.18 kg CO2e + mycelium GWP(tbc.)

A1-A3 construction materials: 49.02kg CO2e + mycelium approx. (assuming density=55kg/m3): 9.18225 kg CO2e

MATERIALS COMBINATION FOR MOIST REGION * * * *

74

recycled chemical treated structural timber batten bioactive mycelium board with timber framing recycled timber decking steel bolts

PED ESTRIA N TRA IL A XONOM ETRIC 1/200 @ A 3 p ort rait

pedestri a n tra i l a nd surroundi ng physi c a l m odel 1 / 5 0

75

MA R C5020 HALF ST UD IO / A3

MODEL

CO CO XI NG + EST EL L A L I

p e de st rian t rail and surrounding p hy sical mode l 1/50

76

M ARC 5020 HAL F ST U DI O / A3

MODEL

COCO X ING + ESTELL A LI

pedestri a n tra i l a nd surroundi ng physi c a l m odel 1 / 5 0

77

MA R C5020 HALF ST UD IO / A3

COCO X ING + ESTELL A LI

06. coda

REFLECTION

78

79

M ARC 5020 HAL F ST U DI O / A3

COCO X ING + ESTELL A LI

“ S on gl i n e ”

ESTELL A’S REFLEC T IO N

H alvin g C ar bo n Em is si on s O ur s t ra t e g y f or ha l vi n g ca r b o n e mi s s i o n s i s co n s i d e r e d i n t hre e pa rt s : t he e xi s t i n g , t h e n e w , a n d s e q u e s t r a t i o n s . T h e a i m i s t o ha l ve t he e m i s s i o n s r e l a t e d t o t h e b u i l t e n v i r o n me n t t hroug h urba n re d e ve l o p me n t a n d i t s r a mi fi ca t i o n s .

F i rs t l y , i t i s vi t a l t o r e co g n i s e t h e s u ffi ci e n cy o f t h e e xi s t i ng hous i ng s upply i n D o o n s i d e , w h i ch i s me a s u r e d q ua nt i t a t i ve l y by t he s q u a r e me t e r s o f r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a pe r pe rs on. Doons i d e h a s a n a v e r a g e o f 76 s q u a r e me t e r s pe r pe rs on. W i t h t hi s n u mb e r i n mi n d , i t i s e v i d e n t t h a t t he c urre nt re s i d e nt i a l s p a ce i s mo r e t h a n s u ffi ci e n t . T h i s c ond i t i on t he n pos e s a q u e s t i o n fo r u s : s h o u l d w e co n t i n u e bui l d i ng ? A t s om e poi n t d u r i n g t h e d e s i g n , w e q u e s t i o n e d t he s i g ni f i c a nc e of a rc h i t e ct s . I n s p i r e d b y Ju n y a I s h i g a mi ’ s c onc e pt of “ l a nd s c a pe a s a r ch i t e ct u r e , ” w e w o n d e r e d , i f w e we re t o bui l d , wha t c a n w e b u i l d t o ma k e t h e p l a ce b e t t e r ?

Thi s proj e c t t hus d e pa r t s fr o m t h e co n v e n t i o n a l d e s i g n o f a hous e or a s e t of ho u s e s a n d mo v e s t o w a r d s a n u r b a n m a s t e rpl a n.

S e c ond l y , t o s upport t h e ma s t e r p l a n a n d p r o v i d e a d i r e ct s ol ut i on t o ha l vi ng c a r b o n e mi s s i o n s , w e d e ci d e d t o s ubd i vi d e e a c h hous e i n t o t w o , s o t h a t o n e e x i s t i n g h o u s e c oul d c ont a i n t wo hou s e h o l d s . T h e a v e r a g e o f 76 s q u a r e m e t e rs pe r pe rs on t he n b e co me s 38, w h i ch i s s t i l l g e n e r o u s .

S ubd i vi s i on a c c om m o d a t e s t h e g r o w i n g p o p u l a t i o n of Doons i d e . H y pot he t i ca l l y , i f D o o n s i d e ’ s p o p u l a t i o n d oubl e s a nd t he num be r o f d w e l l i n g s r e ma i n s u n ch a n g e d , t he a ve ra g e c a rbon e mi s s i o n s p e r p e r s o n fr o m r e s i d e n t i a l d e ve l opm e nt woul d be h a l v e d - co n s i d e r i n g s e q u e s t r a t i o n .

The re vi va l of bi ore g i o n s g i v e s l i fe t o v e g e t a t i o n s t h a t a re c a pa bl e of s e q u e s t e r i n g g r e e n h o u s e g a s e s . T h i s s e q ue s t ra t i on c oul d c o u n t e r b a l a n ce t h e e mi s s i o n s fr o m s ubd i vi s i on c ons t ruc t i o n a n d o t h e r l a n d s ca p e r e n e w a l s , l ong t e rm wi s e .

The C hain Ef f e c t I n d e ve l opi ng t hi s m ul ti d i s ci p l i n a r y p r o p o s a l , w e b e g a n b y e xa m i ni ng t he e nvi ronm e n t a l i s s u e s t h e s i t e i s e x p e r i e n ci n g .

M ul t i pl e c ond i t i ons w e r e i d e n t i fi e d , i n cl u d i n g fo r e s t f ra g m e nt a t i on, f l ood i ng , d r o u g h t , l o s s o f b i o d i v e r s i t y , a n d urba n he a t . T hi s wa s p a r t i cu l a r l y ch a l l e n g i n g : h o w co u l d we d e ve l op a propos a l t h a t a d d r e s s e s a l l t h e s e p r o b l e ms ?

O ur s t ra t e g y wa s t o t a ck l e t h e m o n e a t a t i me , s t a r t i n g wi t h f ore s t f ra g m e nt a t i o n , w h i ch l e d t o t h e co n ce p t o f t h e “ Re ve rs e d M e t ropol i s .” Co i n ci d e n t a l l y , t h e r e v i v a l o f n a t u r a l ha bi t a t s t hroug h t he r e co n n e ct i o n o f b i o r e g i o n s a n d t h e wa t e r ne t work a l s o m i ti g a t e s u r b a n h e a t a n d b i o d i v e r s i t y l os s . F urt he r i nve s t i g a t i o n i n t o h y d r o l o g i ca l co n d i t i o n s a nd Sy d ne y ’s c l i m a t e r e v e a l e d t h a t i mp l e me n t i n g a w a t e r s t ra t e g y i nt o t he re v i v a l co u l d e ffe ct i v e l y r e d u ce t h e ri s ks of f l ood i ng a nd dr o u g h t . Co n v e r s e l y , w e u n d e r s t o o d t ha t d i s rupt i ng one e l e me n t i n n a t u r e co u l d t r i g g e r a s e ri e s of i s s ue s , m uc h l i k e a d o mi n o e ffe ct . I n t h i s ca s e , t he re c onc i l i a t i on of o n e e l e me n t b r i n g s b a ck n a t u r e ’ s a ut onom y . re nde r

L o o k i n g b a ck a t my i n i t i a l s i t e i mp r e s s i o n , t h e i d e a o f “ So n g l i n e ” w a s a r e cu r r i n g t h e me . T h i s mo t i f co n t i n u e s t o i n fl u e n ce t h e d e v e l o p me n t o f t h e p r o j e ct . G i v e n t h e ma n y e n v i r o n me n t a l i s s u e s a s s o ci a t e d w i t h t h e s i t e , i t i s n o t a n e x a g g e r a t i o n t o cl a i m t h a t n u me r o u s So n g l i n e s h a v e b e e n l o s t a n d fo r g o t t e n . O u r p r o p o s a l p o s i t s t h a t So n g l i n e s ca n be restored, that they are hidden in the inherent qualities o f n a t u r e , a n d t h a t n a t u r e i s l i v i n g . Ta n g i b l y , t h e So n g l i n e is revived through the organic networks of the bioregions.

T h e a u t o n o my o f n a t u r e i n i t s r e - w i l d i n g t h e n s p e a k s t o t h e So n g l i n e i n t a n g i b l y .

Feasibility Re v e r s e d Me t r o p o l i s i s a r a d i ca l p r o p o s a l t h a t ch a l l e n g e s o u r l i fe s t y l e — h o w w e l i v e , co mmu t e , a n d e x e mp l i fy o w n e r s h i p . I n a w a y , t h e fu n d a me n t a l s o f “ s o ci e t y ” a r e t o b e r e co n s i d e r e d , i f, r e a l i s t i ca l l y , a d mi t t i n g t h a t u r b a n i s a t i o n i s s o ci o - e co n o mi ca l l y d r i v e n . Re v e r s e d Me t r o p o l i s mo v e s a w a y fr o m h u ma n d o mi n a n ce a n d ca p i t a l i s m, a d v o ca t i n g fo r u r b a n d e v e l o p me n t b a s e d o n e co l o g i ca l p r i n ci p l e s . T h i s i s ch a l l e n g i n g t o r e a l i s e a s i t r e l i e s o n o u r r e v e r e n ce fo r a n d u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f n a t u r e a n d t h e co n s e q u e n ce s o f i g n o r i n g i t . A co l l e ct i v e a g r e e me n t o n t h i s e co l o g i ca l a p p r o a ch i s k e y t o ma k i n g t h e p r o j e ct fe a s i b l e . A p a r t fr o m v o l u n t a r y cu l t i v a t i o n s , w e p r o p o s e t h a t ma n d a t o r y g o v e r n me n t a l i n t e r fe r e n ce i s e s s e n t i a l t o t h e p r o p o s a l .

Timescale T h e t i me fr a me co n s i d e r e d fo r t h i s p r o p o s a l i s t h e cu r r e n t s t a t e , w i t h a ma s t e r p l a n t h a t i s t o b e p e r fe ct e d o v e r d e ca d e s .

T h e s t r a t e g y o f Re v e r s e d M e t r o p o l i s i s n o t e x cl u s i v e t o D o o n s i d e b u t i s a u n i v e r s a l a p p r o a ch a p p l i ca b l e t o a n y s i t e e x p e r i e n ci n g s i mi l a r co n d i t i o n s . A s e n v i s i o n e d i n t h e p r e l i mi n a r y p r o p o s a l , w e h o p e t h a t t h i s r e v e r s a l o f t h e me t r o p o l i s ca n s t a r t fr o m t h e l a r g e r e s e r v e s a n d g r a d u a l l y r a d i a t e t h r o u g h o u t t h e e n t i r e ci t y . T h i s p r o p o s a l i s n o t a t e mp o r a r y i n t e r v e n t i o n a n d t o a d a p t t o i t s r a d i ca l i t y , i t i s a l o n g - t e r m p l a n t h a t a i ms t o p e r ma n e n t l y r e d e fi n e t h e d e v e l o p me n t o f u r b a n i s a t i o n , ma k i n g t h i s “ r e v e r s e d me t r o p o l i s ” t h e n e w n o r m.

Sy m b i os i s a n d t h e Pa r a dox T h e e x p a n s i o n a n d r e co n ci l i a t i o n o f n a t u r e co n s e q u e n t l y l e a d t o t h e d i mi n i s h me n t o f h u ma n d o mi n a n ce , o w n e r s h i p , a n d p o s s e s s i o n o f s p a ce . A d d i t i o n a l l y , t h e ce n t r e o f a ci t y — t h e me t r o p o l i s — i s r e l o ca t e d t o a n a r e a co n ce n t r a t e d w i t h t h e b u s i e s t a ct i v i t i e s o f l i v i n g s p e ci e s . I n t h e ma t t e r of persuading, it is vital to understand that nature and h u ma n s a r e n o t a n t i t h e t i ca l ; h u ma n s a r e a p a r t o f n a t u r e , a n d a s y mb i o t i c a p p r o a ch i s a mu t u a l i s t i c v i s i o n . H o w e v e r , a p a r a d o x a r i s e s : t h i s s y mb i o t i c p r o p o s a l i s d e v e l o p e d fr o m a h u ma n p e r s p e ct i v e . I t l e a v e s me t o p o n d e r w h e t h e r h u ma n s , i n h e r e n t l y i n fl u e n ce d b y t h e i r o w n e x p e r i e n ce s a n d b i a s e s , ca n g e n u i n e l y co n s i d e r o t h e r s p e ci e s ’ p o i n t s o f v i e w . Ca n w e t r u l y u n d e r s t a n d t h e n e e d s a n d p e r s p e ct i v e s o f o t h e r l i v i n g b e i n g s , o r a r e w e l i mi t e d t o a h u ma n - ce n t r i c i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f s y mb i o s i s ? T h i s p a r a d o x ch a l l e n g e s u s t o e mp a t h i s e a n d t o e n v i s i o n a w o r l d w h e r e a l l s p e ci e s a r e e q u a l l y co n s i d e r e d i n o u r e n v i r o n me n t a l s t r a t e g i e s .

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CO CO ’S REFLEC TIO N

E ve r s i nc e t he be g i nni n g o f t h i s s t u d i o , I h a v e co n t i n u a l l y c ont e m pl a t e d t he na t u r e o f r e g e n e r a t i v e d e s i g n a n d i t s re a l i s a t i on. Re g e ne r a t i v e d e s i g n s h o u l d l e a d t o t h e re f orm a t i on of t he e nt i r e a r ch i t e ct u r e i n d u s t r y . H o w e v e r , s houl d we f oc us on mi cr o s co p i c ch a n g e s t h a t l e a d t o m a c ros c opi c s hi f t s , or s h o u l d w e r e g u l a t e a t t h e ma cr o s co p i c l e ve l t o i nf l ue nc e f i ne r d e t a i l s ?

I re c a l l a c onve rs a t i on w i t h o u r t u t o r L u cy , i n w h i ch s h e m e nt i one d re a d i ng a b o o k t h a t s i g n i fi ca n t l y a l t e r e d h e r pe rs pe c t i ve . The book e n co u r a g e d h e r t o co n s i d e r ma k i n g hol i s t i c c ha ng e s ra t he r t h a n i n cr e me n t a l o n e s . D e s p i t e t he i nhe re nt c ha l l e ng e s i n r e a l - l i fe a p p l i ca t i o n , w e mu s t m a i nt a i n c onf i d e nc e i n o u r a b i l i t y t o e ffe ct ch a n g e . I n s p i r e d by t he hi s t ori a n, C ho- yu n H s u , w h o p o s i t e d t h a t w h i l e t h e s t re ng t h of one pe rs o n i s l i mi t e d , t h e co l l e ct i v e e ffo r t s of m a ny wi t h a s ha re d i n t e n t i o n ca n g e n e r a t e i n fi n i t e powe r. I ni t i a l l y , I wa s s ce p t i ca l o f L u cy ’ s v i e w p o i n t , b u t a f t e r re f l e c t i ons , I re a l i s e d t h a t u n d e r t a k i n g s e e mi n g l y i m pra c t i c a l a c t i ons m a y n o t n e ce s s a r i l y b e d e t r i me n t a l .

The c onc e pt of t he “ Re v e r s e d M e t r o p o l i s ” o r i g i n a t e d fr o m a t a s k I d i d i n A A vi s i t i n g s ch o o l Sy d n e y i n e a r l y 2024. T h e t a s k wa s t o re d e f i ne a w o r d b y a n a l y s i n g Sy d n e y r e g i o n ’ s g e og ra phi c a l c ont e xt . I s e l e ct e d ‘ me t r o p o l i s ’ , d e r i v e d f rom ‘m ot he r- c i t y ’, t o e x p l o r e t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n urba n g re e ne ry a nd s u r r o u n d i n g w i l d n a t u r e . T h e fi n d i n g s i nd i c a t e d t ha t hi g h bi o d i v e r s i t y r e g i o n s a r e l o ca t e d o n t h e c i t y ’s pe ri phe ry , whi c h w o u l d h a v e b e e n e v e n l y d i s t r i b u t e d wi t hi n t he urba n a re a b e fo r e t h e e s t a b l i s h me n t o f t h e Sy d ne y M e t ropol i t a n a r e a . T h e r e s u l t s h e n ce s h o w t h a t hum a n oc c upa t i on f ra g me n t s n a t u r a l h a b i t a t s , d i s p l a ci n g ot he r s pe c i e s . C ons e q u e n t l y , t h e me t r o p o l i s fo r o t h e r s pe c i e s be c om e s g e ogr a p h i ca l l y r e v e r s e d t o t h e h u ma n m e t ropol i s , a s t he hum a n e n v i r o n me n t i s u n s u i t a b l e fo r t he m .

d e mo l i t i o n t o cr e a t e a s u p p o s e d l y mo r e r e g e n e r a t i v e d e s i g n i s u n n e ce s s a r y i f t h e h o u s e fu n ct i o n s a d e q u a t e l y . We a l s o b e l i e v e t h a t d e t a i l i n g e x i s t i n g h o u s e s a t a mi cr o l e v e l ca n e ffe ct i v e l y a d d r e s s ca r b o n e mi s s i o n s a t t h i s s t a g e . T h u s fa r , I t h i n k t h a t t h e fe a s i b i l i t y a n d i mp l e me n t a t i o n o f t h e mi cr o - l e v e l ch a n g e s w e h a v e p r o p o s e d a r e a ch i e v a b l e .

H o w e v e r , a t t h e ma cr o l e v e l , o u r p r o p o s a l t o u s e w a t e r t o a d d r e s s t h e i d e n t i fi e d i s s u e s ma y l a ck t h e n e ce s s a r y d e t a i l and rigor due to the studio’s duration and the level of p r o fe s s i o n a l s u p p o r t . D e s p i t e p o t e n t i a l i mma t u r i t y i n t h e co n ce p t , w e r e ma i n o p t i mi s t i c a b o u t i t s p o t e n t i a l t o s e r v e a s a n e w b l u e p r i n t fo r t h e fu t u r e . I f p a s t u r b a n d e v e l o p me n t a n d a r ch i t e ct u r a l p l a n n i n g a i me d t o a d v a n ce h u ma n s o ci e t y , o u r l o n g - t e r m g o a l i s t o r e s t o r e t h e u r b a n e n v i r o n me n t t o a mo r e n a t u r a l s t a t e a n d mi t i g a t e h u ma n i mp a ct o n t h e e n v i r o n me n t . Wh i l e i t i s u n r e a l i s t i c t o d i s r e g a r d h u ma n n e e d s e n t i r e l y , I b e l i e v e i t i s p o s s i b l e t o mi n i mi s e t h e s e d e ma n d s a n d e n h a n ce n a t u r e ’ s b e n e fi t s . F o r i n s t a n ce , d o w e t r u l y n e e d l a r g e h o u s e s , e x t e n s i v e p r i v a t e g r e e n s p a ce s , o r n u me r o u s p r i v a t e ca r s ? A s h i ft i n t h e s o ci a l d i me n s i o n ma y b e t t e r fa ci l i t a t e o u r p u r s u i t o f s u s t a i n a b i l i t y a n d regenerative design.

I n co n cl u s i o n , g i v e n t h e h i g h ca r b o n e mi s s i o n s a s s o ci a t e d with architecture, progress in regeneration and sustainability ca n b e a ch i e v e d b y e i t h e r r e fr a i n i n g fr o m co n s t r u ct i n g n e w b u i l d i n g s o r co n s t r u ct i n g o n l y t h o s e i n d e ma n d , ma k i n g ch a n g e s b a s e d o n t h e cu r r e n t s t a t e , o r u s i n g a r ch i t e ct u r e a s a p i v o t a l p o i n t t o co n n e ct w i t h d i v e r s e i n d u s t r i e s fo r b r o a d e r ch a n g e s .

Doons i d e , wi t h i t s pro x i mi t y t o t h e Nu r r a g i n g y Re s e r v e , e pi t om i s e s t he re l e va n ce o f a r e v e r s e d me t r o p o l i s . T h i s a re a i s not onl y not a bl e fo r i t s s u r r o u n d i n g n a t u r e r e s e r v e but a l s o f or i t s t y pi c a l h u ma n t r a n s p o r t i n fr a s t r u ct u r e , s u ch a s hi g hwa y s , ra i l wa y s , a n d t h e P r o s p e ct Re s e r v o i r , b u i l t f or hum a n wa t e r s upp l y . T h e n e i g h b o u r h o o d co n s i s t s o f s i ng l e d we l l i ng s wi t h e x p a n s i v e b a ck y a r d s , a l l d e s i g n e d f or hum a n c ons um pt i o n . We co n t e n d t h a t r e t r o fi t t i n g a n e xi s t i ng hous e re q ui re s a co mp e l l i n g r e a s o n ; o t h e r w i s e , re nde r

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REVERSED METROPOLIS tutor : Lucy Humphrey + Isabel Gabaldon

MARC5020 / Studio 1: Half Studio