July - August Round Up 2020

A paper for, and about, country people.

News from the Museum

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Boundary County Summer Classes

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Come visit the Museum Booth at the Fair

See what the Extension Office has planned

Aquaculture In Idaho

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Fish farming agriculture in Idaho

Local Producer List

Find locally produced foods and more

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Weed of the Month: Lupine

11

Bonner County Gardeners

14

The weed that is not really a weed

Living with deer and more

OUR COMMUNITY 7BTV is a proud supporter of the Panida Theater.

We’re in this together, Sandpoint.

The beautiful historic Panida Theater has served as an anchor of stability and a beacon of hope throughout Bonner County history, providing a gathering place that enriches the community - both culturally and economically.

While we are practicing social distancing guidelines to curb the spread of the virus, it’s important to remember the uphill battle for our nonprofit organizations.

Stakeholders of Salmon Recovery

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As our community comes together, the Panida Theater also needs our help to keep the heart of our community beating and stable during this dark time.

Terrain, Germs, and Vaccines

16

Please show your love and support for the Panida through gift certificates, financial contributions, and memberships. These are a few ways we can help.

Mike Simpson and the Nez Perce

Social views and their roots

Bonner County Fair Beginnings The unexpected roots of the fair

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Please visit www.panida.org/support for more information.

7BTV 208-263-7288 105 S. 3rd Ave., Sandpoint, ID 83864

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July / August 2020 125 Tibbetts Lane Ponderay, ID 83852 coopcountrystore.com

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From the Editor

The CO-OP Country Round Up

Summer, Liberty, and Elephant Ears

July / August 2020 Volume 20 Issue 5

As a kid growing up in the Sandpoint area, summer had four things that made life great: Getting out of school, going swimming at the river, the 4th of July, and the county fairs. For those of us on Wrencoe Loop these wonderful times were interspersed with the hard work of farm life, haying in the heat, getting our 4-H projects ready for the fair, tending to the garden, orchards, and animals, and canning season.

Technology was very far away and we had to make up our own fun.

And we did! We road our horses over miles of forest paths and down the county road every chance we got. And on the weekends we went to O-mok-see gatherings where most of us won in the equine games.

It was different for us - we lived on our horses and gaming was just an extension of our lives.

The 4th of July was epic in Sandpoint. The Lions hosted a fantastic parade in the morning, a big picnic at City Beach, and a variety show ensued in the afternoon, usually live bands performing from a big flatbed truck trailer. For my part I was never in a band. But I was usually in the audience and eventually at the tech table. The day ended with the most spectacular street dance and finally fireworks. We had no idea in those days what liberty even meant, that we were living it every single day of our lives. It would take a few years to understand what a blessed life we had in this country.

As the fair approached our summers turned warm and bittersweet.

We loved the fair - do you remember when you got lost and heard your name over the loudspeaker? We fell in love at the fair, finished our 4-H projects, were free to run with our friends through the barns munching on elephant ears with no worry of time. But we knew the next school year loomed ahead and this freedom would end.

As you look through these pages you will find classes, some events, a list of food producers, articles about health and wellness, and some fun things about living in the country. I hope you enjoy reading about your neighbors and your community and that you will get a sense that rural summer life and liberty go hand in hand.

It is our hope, here at the CO-OP, that you will enjoy your summer of freedom and liberty to the very fullest. And maybe see if you can find a really good elephant ear to munch on. It really is the best.

Panhandle Piecemakers Quilt Guild proudly presents 2020’s

A Judged Quilt Show With Featured Quilter:

Linda Angel ‘Sing me a Song’ Challenge: Can you name that tune?

Marketplace, Demos & Bake Sale Saturday, August 8, 2020 & Sunday, August 9, 2020 9:30am to 6:00pm

9:30am to 4:00pm

Sandpoint Community Hall

204 First Avenue, Sandpoint, Idaho 83864

Admission: $5.00 Children under 10 & husbands are free!

For Additional Info Call: (208) 610-3073 Linda Angel, Quilt Show Chairwoman

CO-OP Gas & Supply Company is your farm, home, and hardware cooperative.

As a member owned cooperative we pay dividends to our members annually on purchases in profitable years. No other local farm and hardware store pays you dividends on your purchases. Being locally owned and operated means the money you spend here stays here, creating jobs for your friends and neighbors, and strengthening our economy as we have been doing for 85 years.

Why not drop by and see if membership at the CO-OP is right for you?

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Bits and Pieces

The CO-OP Country Round Up July / August 2020 Volume 20 Issue 5

Summer 2020 Extension Classes

Please call to register for any of these classes.

Scholarships are available. Classes take place at the Boundary County Extension meeting room unless noted otherwise. 208.267.3235 Propagating Hydrangeas & Small Fruits from Soft Wood Cuttings, $10 Wednesday, July 8, 1-3:00pm or 7-9:00pm In this hands-on class, you will learn how to propagate from soft wood cuttings that will be provided in class and how to care for them at home so they will be successful. $10 (includes materials for 2 plants) Each class session limited to 12 people.

Variable Image

Edible Landscaping: How to Bring Fruits & Veggies into Your Landscaping in an Aesthetically Pleasing Way, FREE Tuesday, July 14, 1-3:00pm & Wednesday, July 15, 7-9:00pm We will explore what types of plants work well and the best ways to turn your lawn into a garden. (free online; email kpainter@uidaho.edu to register).

Canning 101, $10 Wednesday, July 15, 1:00-4:00pm Learn how to safely make and preserve your own food at home. This class will focus mainly on high-acid foods including jams, jellies, tomato products, and pickled products. We will briefly talk about pressure canning as well. This hands-on class will also teach participants about canning basics and proper care for your canner. Each participant will make their own jar of product which they can pick up the day after the class. Class limited to 10 people.

Using Cover Crops to Enrich Your Soil & Reduce Weed Pressure, $5 Wednesday, August 5, 1-3:00pm or 7-9:00pm Soil scientist Gray Henderson will explain how he uses cover crops planted both in the fall and spring to provide a fertility boost to your soil, increase organic matter and microorganisms, and reduce weed pressure. $5 (free online; email kpainter@uidaho.edu to register).

Root Cellaring & More: Best Methods for Storing Your Garden Produce, $5 Wednesday, August 19, 1-3:00pm or 7-9:00pm In this class, you will learn how to properly harden off your produce for natural cold storage and maintain its quality with the proper humidity and temperature by the type of produce. We will also discuss different types of root cellars or alternative storage methods. $5 (free online; email kpainter@uidaho.edu to register).

UI Extension Small Farm Topics, FREE Mondays and Tuesdays at 11 am PST / 12 pm MST Cultivating Success offers a FREE lunchtime webinar series designed to help you explore, strengthen or expand your small farm or ranch operation! You can also choose from a large selection of pre-recorded webinars. For more information, see: https://www.cultivatingsuccess.org/webinar-series

Kendon Perry 302 Main St Sandpoint (208) 265-5895

Agent Photo

Agent Info

Logo ®

Disclosure

Farm Bureau Life Insurance Company*/West Des Moines, IA. *Company provider of Farm Bureau Financial Services. LI181 (10-19)

UI Extension Sheep and Goat Weekly Webinar: UI Extension offers weekly webinars on sheep and goat topics on Thursdays at 11:30pm. Follow them on Facebook @UISheepandGoats for the current schedule of topics.

UI Extension Beef Cattle Webinar: Every other Wednesday at 11 am PST / 12 pm MST UI Extension offers webinars on Beef Cattle topics every other Wednesday at 11:00 am. Follow them on Facebook.com/UIBeef for the current schedule of topics.

Check our website for current classes and our newsletter: https://www.uidaho.edu/ extension/county/boundary For all things ag, check our blog: BoundaryAgBlog.wordpress.com

The Classic Edge Outdoor Wood Furnace is US EPA Certified

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Then and Now

5

The CO-OP Country Round Up July / August 2020 Volume 20 Issue 5

CO-OP Gas & Supply Company Continues to Grow

CO-OP Gas & Supply Company is growing again. For the last 85 years The CO-OP has been an ever present economic force in north Idaho. Since its creation back in 1934 the cooperative has been a part of the success of small businesses, the family farm, the local education system and the strong fabric of community.

What began as a roughly 60 member farm cooperative in 1934 has grown to over 500 members, adding more each year and for good reason: the CO-OP is unlike any other farm and hardware store in the area, offering dividends on purchases in profitable years, offering farm and agriculture related products at a fair price.

Over the years the CO-OP has become very present in supporting the youth of the community through 4-H, Boy Scouts, and FFA and the county fairs. Growth and support inside the cooperative has led to growth beyond the walls in the form of property acquisition and the addition of trucks to the propane truck fleet. The CO-OP was running out of room.

In July of 2019 The CO-OP purchased property south of the retail store on Fontaine Drive, what used to be the Pape / John Deere facility. Remodeling of the new CO-OP Gas & Supply Company Annex began shortly afterward to accommodate the new CO-OP Propane offices and the Marketing Department. The remodel was finished in late December and move in was complete by late January.

Inside the 4,380 SF Annex, in addition to the offices, we have a much needed showroom for propane appliances and heating system displays. Adjacent to the Annex we now have a 3,200 SF warehouse for fertilizer and field seed back-stock to better serve our members and customers through the season. In addition we have more storage for propane tanks and a new location for the propane truck fleet. And all of these changes have brought the many facets of the company back under one banner: The CO-OP Gas & Supply Company, Inc. With all the CO-OP has accomplished in the last three years, we feel it is time to open the doors and let the community we belong to have a look. We invite you to visit the new facility 1201 Fontaine Drive in Ponderay, Idaho. Please make plans now to attend our Open House on Friday July 17, 2020 from 1 – 5 pm. Please come and enjoy refreshments, enter a drawing for a $50 gift card, and have a look at our new offices. Please see the event poster to the right. We look forward to seeing you there.

9B Quilters Announce Sewing Machine Giveaway

Sewing Machine Image

Sewing Machine Application for 2020

This application is open to all Boundary County youth ages 8 to 16 years old. One applicant will be chosen to receive a sewing machine, donated by 9B Quilters. The application is due August 31, 2020. The winner will be announced at the October 9-10, 2020 Quilt Show.

Bonners Ferry Annual Community Quilt Show At the Boundary County Fair Grounds

Friday October 9th 4pm - 7pm Saturday October 10th 9am - 4pm Sewing Machine Giveaway Winner Will Be Announced!

Admission $3.00 per person 17 years old and under FREE

Write your name and age on this paper and use a different paper to answer the questions. Please staple the papers together and mail to Carol Jean Hubbard 345 Hubbard Ln. Bonners Ferry, Idaho. For questions call 208-255-6980. Your application may also be dropped off to Pam’s Little Comfort Quilting Store. More applications may also be picked up at Pam’s Store, 7189 Main St. Bonners Ferry. If you choose to drop off an application at Pam’s store please contact Carol Jean at the number above so that we know to pick it up.

Name _

Age_

Contact Info 1. What sewing experience do you have? (Experience not required to be

eligible)

2. What have you sewn? (not required to be eligible) 3. Why do you feel we should pick you?

4. Write a story, about something someone has sewn for you or what you

desire to sew or how having a sewing machine will benefit you.

5. Do you have a place to store a sewing machine?

6. Do your parents support your being awarded a sewing machine?

7. Do you have a family member that has a sewing machine that you use?

8. Does someone in your family sew? ( not required to be eligible) 9. Who do you know that can help you sew?

10. A community service project is required if chosen. You can choose your

own project or you can choose from these idea’s. Bib aprons for the hospital ECF wing. A humanitarian quilt, for the Restorium, hospital or ministerial charities. 9B Quilters will provide the fabric. We ask that you share what your project was at our 2021 Quilt Show with a small display.

Heats up to 2000 sq. ft.

Heats 1500 sq. ft. Log length: 18�

Energy Logs North Idaho (240 logs) 1/2 Unit (120 logs) Individual Log

$260.00 $140.00 $1.40

Wood Energy Pellets North Idaho (50 Bags) Lignetics (50 Bags) Single Bags (Lignetic)

$235.00 $235.00 $4.90

Ag Education

The CO-OP Country Round Up July / August 2020 Volume 20 Issue 5

7

Aquaculture: What It Is and What It Looks Like In Idaho Agriculture

Aquaculture In Idaho

Idaho agriculture is diverse, abundant and rooted in our history. Until just a few years ago Idaho was known primarily for baker potatoes, russets, which grow so well in Idaho farmland. But this has changed as dairy and dairy related products now rank as #1 in the state.

Idaho has nearly 25,000 farms and ranches which produce more than 185 different commodities. Idaho ranks in the top ten in the nation Tilapia, often used in fish in 30 of those commodities. Idaho is the third-largest agricultural state tacos. Sometimes referred to as ‘sea chicken’. in the West and second in net farm income. Agriculture remains a fundamentally important part of Idaho’s economy, communities and way of life. It also contributes significantly to the state’s economy: 4th of July Trivia Q. What was the main reason for the colonies’ 2018 Agriculture Cash Receipts: $7.4 billion declaration of independence?

Processed Food and Beverage Sales: $8.4 billion A. Taxation without representation. 56 people signed the Idaho produces quality products to feed the world and fuel our state. document, the first of which was John Hancock.

Together, agriculture and food processing generate 28% of Idaho’s total economic output in sales and 13% of GDP.* Aquaculture - the cultivation of aquatic organisms (such as fish or shellfish) especially for food.

Idaho supplies 70% of commercial trout production in the U.S., making Idaho the No. 1 trout-producing state in the country. Idaho also produces sturgeon meat, caviar, tilapia, catfish, and ornamental fish.

Idaho’s aquaculture agribusinesses are leading the way in industries that support fish research and technology, disease control, quality control, and feed manufacturing.

As with any form of livestock farming for food, those animals bred, grown, and confined in unnaturally small spaces will eventually become susceptible to disease. This is common in poultry factories and in cattle feed lots. The occupation density creates an unnatural amount of waste in the space which must be dealt with. Waste products can contaminate the water surrounding fish pens if nets are used allowing free flowing water. And wild fish passing by could come into contact with parasites and disease.

Idaho’s private aquaculture businesses have invested significantly in research. Additionally, the University of Idaho’s Aquaculture Research Institute works with the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service to conduct a range of studies in the Magic Valley.

The station studies high-performance alternatives to fishmeal, methods for increasing nutrient retention in farmed fish products, and reducing aquaculture-related impacts on the environment. Increasing nutrient retention, meaning the use of nutrients in feeds to support fish growth, is another research thrust that has both economic and environmental benefits. The station’s close proximity to the Snake River and to aquaculture businesses provides mutually beneficial opportunities for industry partnerships in aquaculture research.

As of this writing there are more than 30 fish farming operations in the state of Idaho. The website information below also addresses how private fish farm startups are licensed and inspected in order to protect wildlife from the impacts of fish farms.

Most of the farm fisheries are located in the southern part of Idaho .

It is really easy to think of southern Idaho as dry, and desert-like. And if all a person ever saw was the corridor between Moscow and Lewiston, he could be forgiven. However, once the dry hills of the lower Idaho Panhandle have been left behind a whole new world of beauty opens up, complete with the water wonder that is cold rivers running right next to geothermal hot springs pouring out of the ground. This is one reason why southern Idaho is home to so many farm fisheries. it is possible to produce both tilapia, a warm water fish and trout, a cold water fish, on the same farm.

One fish farm that has managed to both produce warm water fish and manage environmental impacts is Dutchboy Farms. Dutchboy ,of Grace, Idaho, has been blessed with a 1000 gpm geothermal spring at a 84 Well & Sewer Pump Installations & Repairs degree constant. This allows the farm to Tanks • Drives • Accessories • Hand Pumps • Parts produce tilapia, channel catfish, and large mouth bass commercially. The beauty of PUMPS DON’T HAVE BRAINS the heavily fed water supply means water to the fish is never recirculated. This cuts That doesn’t mean down on the risk of disease and parasite they don’t hate infestation. The waste water is then sent to the fields further south for irrigation.** This people, which is a win-win for the farmers and the envithey do. ronment.

Aquaculture has a firm foothold as a viOUR PUMPS able ag production avenue in Idaho. For more information see the websites below.

ARE HAPPIER. A incomplete list of fish farms can be found at https://agri.idaho.gov/main/animals/fish/commercial-fish-farms/

(208) 263-7867 - 323 McGhee Rd. - Sandpoint, ID 83864 RCT 36175, ELE 021187, PLB 016436

Local Foods, Producers, and Services and Where To Find Them The following farms can all be found in your neighborhood. If you find  something that really interests you or you want to sign up for a CSA (Community Support Agriculture) call the farmer or visit your local Farmers Market and start eating local. Also, visit www.localharvest.org and post your  farm for others to see what you produce. 

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ABC Farmers Market (Athol, ID): Fridays 2pm-6pm Opening May, ending sometime in Oct. Located at the Athol City Park. Follow them on Face book @ABCFarmersMerket Angela and Millie (Sandpoint, ID): Goat milk and Cheese 208-263-3343 or 208-610-0694

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Annie’s Orchard (Clark Fork, ID): Landscaping/ Nursery Products- Terry and Carol Chowning 208-266-1245 anniesorchard.com

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Black Ridge Trading Post & Gardens (Priest River, ID): Hatching eggs ,Free Range eggs, All Natural goat milk soaps & lotions, Organic  soups & spices, and over 3000 varieties of Iris’s and Daylilies– Barry and Lana Peterson 208-265-0585

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Bella’s Barn (Bonners Ferry, ID): Creamery, Raw Jersey Milk, Yogurt, Raw Butter, Butter Milk– Bob Peterson 208-263-8208 Karyn Sullivan 208-304-  7201 peterson71@yahoo.com

Greentree Naturals (Sandpoint, ID): CSA, Farm Stand, Certified Organic Farm, Fresh Produce, Flowers, Garlic, Herbs, Hops, Organic Gardening Workshops - Diane Green 208-263-8957 www.greentreenaturals.com Hoot Owl Farm (Libby, MT): Locally grown Vegetables and Herbs. Libby and Troy Farmers Markets & CSA. Rudy and Bonnie Geber, 406-3185339, info@hootowlfarm.net, hootowlfarm.net McKerracher Family Farms (Careywood, ID): Pastured Poultry, Market Garden, and Bedding Plants – Julie McKerracher 208-818-0208 also find them at the ABC Farmers Market Mountain Glen Farm, LLC (Sagle, ID): All things poultry from duck & chicken eggs to hatchling & pullet services. Bee Hive construction & maintenance, honey extracting and seasonal honey sales- Susan & Bob Lesniewski 208-255-7818, www.mtglenfarm.com Moose Meadow Farm (Clark Fork, ID): Certified Organic Fresh Produce, CSA Subscription 2018 spots available. Free choice & Weekly deliveries.

— Katherine Creswell & Spencer Nietmann 208-304-6492 moosemeadoworganic@gmail.com moosemeadoworganic.com Naturally Good Things (Libby, MT): Health Food, Bulk Foods, Supplements, Spices, and Local Raw Honey– Georgina Powers 406-293-6771

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Bill’s Berries (Laclede, ID): U-Pick and Pre-picked Blueberries—208-263-  8982

Pack River Yaks (Sandpoint, ID): Yak Meat & Fiber—Christine Stoneham 208-263-4785

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Bonners Ferry Farmers Market (Bonners Ferry, ID): 8am-1pm Saturday at the City Parking Lot

Queen Bee Honey (Clark Fork, ID): Raw Honey– Andrea & Kelly Cope 208-597-5433

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Bristow Country Gardens (Sagle, ID): Fresh Produce & Flowers (while in  season)- Garry and Susan Bristow 208-290-8642 & 208-263-4224

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Byrum Family Farms (Hayden, ID): Pasture Chickens, Heritage Turkeys, Eggs– Paris & Jonathan Byrum 208-664-9793

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Cascade Creek Farm (Bonners Ferry, ID): Grass fed Beef, Pasture Poultry – Rob & Mimi Fueling www.cascadecreekfarm.com  Celestial Natural Farms (Careywood, ID): Eggs, Rabbits, Heritage Turkeys, Goats, Fresh Goats Milk, Goat Milk Products, Beauty Products made with organic &natural ingredients– Celeste Ricci 208-610-9289 Feeds locally grown & non gmo feeds, also become a friend of the farm on Facebook (Celestial Natural Farms) and by email Celstialnaturalfarms@yahoo.com

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Clear Skies Sheep Company (Bonners Ferry, ID): Lamb, Pigs, Beef, Eggs–  Lou & Marva Maring 208-267-6107 find them on Facebook and www.clearskiessheepcompany.com Deerfield Farms (Sagle, ID): Over 20 varieties of certified organic tomatoes, including 16 heirloom varieties– Jerry and Susan Petrina 208-9466113

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T&T Farm (Priest River, ID): Fresh Produce, Pepper Plant Starts, Raspberries, Goat Milk Caramel Sauce, Goat Milk Soap and Cheese– Vickie and Darwin Tenney 208-448-2414 and also find them at the Sandpoint Farmers Market

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Four Peas Family Farm (Priest River, ID): Herbal Tonics, Tinctures, Raw Milk Goat Cheese, Raw Wool & Yarn, Handmade Crafts & Toys– Jim and Kim DesJarlais 208-597-0644 fourpeasfamilyfarm@gmail.com 

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 Good Shepard Lamb Co. (Bonners Ferry, ID): Fresh naturally grown lamb, no hormones or antibiotics– Gordon and Marlene Stanley 208-267 -5882 can also find them at the Sandpoint Farmers Market 

Granite Lakes Goats (Libby, MT): Goat meat, Highland Cows & Beef, Chicken, Eggs– Amy Hughes 406-293-8957

Sacred Earth Farm (Sandpoint, ID): Vegetables, and Bedding Plants– Martinson & Higgens 208-263-7647

Sandpoint Farmers Market: 9am-1pm Saturdays and 3pm-5:30 Wednesdays, May - October. Located at Farmin Park on 3rd and Main. www.sandpointfarmersmarket.com

Farm to Market Store & Bakery/Deli (Libby, MT): Produce & Meat (Seasonal) - Leona Mast 406-293-9775 hours Mon-Sat 9am-6pm

God’s Little Acre (Careywood, ID): All Natural Grass Fed Beef, Berkshire Pigs, Free Range Chickens, Heritage Turkeys & Fresh Eggs– Susan Bourguigon 208-683-2907 or 208-659-6270 Must place order a head of time for Chickens and Turkeys

Riley Creek Farms (Laclede, ID): Blueberries, Jam, Vinegars, Vegetables, Raspberries, and Strawberries– Stan Urmann 208-263-4114 stanurmann@yahoo.com

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Red Wheelbarrow Produce (Sandpoint, ID): Naturally Grown Produce in Selle Valley, and Plant Starts– Emily Levine 208-265-2689 Can be found at the Sandpoint Farmers Market and Winter Ridge www.redwheelbarrow.com

Shingle Mill Blueberry Farm (Sandpoint, ID) 488 Shingle Mill Road Blueberry Products: Fresh Berries, we-pick/you-pick; Jams & jellies 208-946-3295 Fred and Patty Omodt.

Double Shoe Ranch (Dover, ID): Katahdin Lambs pasture raised– Randy and Gail Curless 208-263-4633

Four Seasons Farm (Priest River, ID): CSA, Produce, Pasture Pork, Fresh Eggs, Chicken, Goat, and Turkey– Ron and Toni Carey 208-255-9193

Raven Rock Ranch (Libby, MT): Grass Fed Beef, and Farm Fresh Eggs– Georgine Powers 406-293-6771 also sold at Naturally Good Things

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Rams Head Orchards (Evans, WA): Lamb sold by full or half (Must order ahead of time call for more info), Premium Lamb Burger $9.50/lb (While Supplies Lasts) – Lisa and Mike Whytock 208-818-7825 or 509-684-5425

White Dove Ent. (Athol, ID): Poultry Processing—18 years experience (By appointment only, call for more info.) Non-GMO Grass Fed Beef, Non-GMO Chickens & Turkeys for your freezer (Must order ahead of time, call for more info.) Round Bales of Grass hay, Oat hay, and Straw– Mike & Misty Heuett 208-660-5375 mmheuett Woods Meats (Sandpoint, ID): Inspected locally grown natural beef – 208-263-3077 The Plant Sale (Priest River, ID): Old Fashioned Perennials, House Plants Pots, Hanging Baskets & Vegetables. 208-448-2464 (ask for Donna) Cloud Eleven Mountain Farm LLC (Moyie Springs, ID) Local Produce; Jams & jellies, garlic, flowers & plant starts Ed & Julie Newcomb 208-267-4743 Instagram@cloudelevenmountainfarm.

Chaffhaye is premium bagged, Non-GMO Alfalfa sold in 50pound bags that captures the key characteristics of alfalfa, while also offering a guaranteed level of nutrition. It is ideal for ensuring maximum health and well-being of all classes of horse, deer, goat, llama, chickens, camelid, house hold pets and other exotic animals.

Now Available At The CO-OP.

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Country Life Volume 20 Issuue 5

The CO-OP Country Round Up July / August 2020

The Circle- Improving or Hindering Your Horsemanship?

Offering Alternative Horsemanship with Samantha Harvey, for 16 years Sam has been based from May through October at The Equestrian Center, LLC, located just 12 miles north of Sandpoint, ID. For over 20 years she has offered lessons, training, guest lectured, demos and clinics nationally. She works with students and horse of all levels and disciplines. For more information please visit www.learnhorses.com 208-265-2644

Whether horse enthusiasts are pleasure riders, enjoy riding in the mountains, compete in the show arena or otherwise, time, effort, and energy is invested to have an enjoyable experience with their equine partner. Historically people are taught that a trained horse should “behave” in a certain way and will maintain his training, irrelevant to the quality of the human’s input and influence. This idea has created unrealistic expectations of the horse.

Lots of folks think their experienced horse is fine until a seemingly “random” event unexpectedly occurs. Assuming it was a fluke incident most riders will continue interacting with their horse in the usual manner, being hopeful that it was a one-time occurrence. But if an increasing pattern of resistance or difficulties with the animal begin to arise, something has been missed in the communication. The interactions with him can become stressful leading to unwanted, distrustful, and defensive scenarios. And that is usually when the endless unasked for advice from good-intentioned “horse friends” begins.

“Use stronger tack and equipment. Go on longer rides. Wet saddle blankets. Work the horse harder. Make him do x, y, and z repetitiously. Do more desensitizing.” Most common suggestions are quick-fix, VENDORS WANTED Join North Idaho’s band-aids towards the symptom of the horse’s resistance, rather than Only Year-Round Farmers’ Market offering long term, realistic solutions that address the root cause and Come sell with us! improve the partnership.

• No Membership or Seasonal Fees Such as the “tool” of circling a horse. This often misused “technique” • Indoor Market Open 7-days can increase unwanted responses in the horse if the human has no a Week / Year-Round understanding of what, how, and why they want their horse to circle.

• Two Outdoor Seasonal Markets Each Week Whether it is for lunging, groundwork, or riding, rarely have I witCall (208) 265-2277 nessed horses thinking and traveling around a circle in an intentionor see our website: OnlyLocal.Farm al, soft manner. Often there is a degree of “driving” energy from the Located on U.S. Hwy. 95, human, along with containment via the lead rope, lunge line, reins, 208.263.3555 North of Cocolalla, ID the rider’s outside leg, etc. so the circle becomes a mental pressure (208) 265-2277 | OnlyLocal.Farm 101 Old Highway 95 • Sagle, Idaho cooker to the horse.

Spectate at any horse show, warm-up arena, schooling session, horsemanship clinic, trail ride, or any other situation where folks are asking/making their horse circle, and notice how many animals are not even looking towards the direction they are traveling. Observe the The CO-OP Gas & Supply Company is proud to announce the horse’s unbalanced shoulders drifting or leaking outward, causing him awarding of a $1,000 scholarship to Miss Catherine Brenner of Sandto have two separate sets of tracks. Watch the inconsistent breathing, point, Idaho. concerned facial expression, and wide eye of the horse. Then notice if Miss Brenner is a graduate of Sandpoint High School with a GPA there is softness or rigidity throughout his topline and body and how it of 4.49. Her intended major is Environment Science/Biology and she affects the size and quality of his steps. currently attends Duke University at Duke Kushan in Kunshan, China If the horse’s thought is not first focused on thinking around the cir- studying global issues facing fisheries, science, and agro-ecosystem cle, no matter how many circles or how much speed is added, the cir- health. This fall Catherine will study at the Duke Marine Lab in North cle devolves into a mindless and often a defensive task for the equine. Carolina before returning to Kunshan to continue her studies there.

If this is the case, using it as a “solution” for eliminating or decreasing Catherine is the first to receive a scholarship from the CO-OP. Her other unwanted behaviors in the horse can make a situation worse. studies in the area of conservation and agriculture qualified her for the If the human stays fixated on the task of circling versus the quality of continuing education scholarship. the Conversation or two-way communication, they are unintentionally It is the intention of the CO-OP to continue to offer scolarships each “teaching” the horse that every time he is asked to circle, it will be a year in the areas of conservation and agriculture to students going mentally and physically containing experience. The circle quickly be- in their Junior year at university. For more information on the CO-OP comes a hindrance, rather than a tool to improve the partnership. How Scholarship Program go to coopgasandsuppl.com. long before the horse starts to mentally shut down and check out or attempt to physically avoid circling?

With the horse, there is no autopilot and the circle is a completely unPhoto right: natural maneuver. For it to be a quality tool, the handler or rider needs Catherine Brenner to prioritize getting the horse’s mind, emotions, and body, for it to be a in Kaifeng, Henan, support tool in addressing other challenges with the animal.

China at the The rider also needs to understand WHY they want their horse to Chrysanthemum circle and its purpose. Then recognize what preparation is needed in Festival. asking a horse to circle such as the ability to direct the horse’s thought and focus, influence each of his body parts independently, and be able to increase and decrease the horse’s energy without him becoming defensive.

There needs to be an assessment if the person has “set up” the horse at the beginning of the circle and then become silent in their communication, or if they offer continuous support and specific connection throughout the • Metal Machining, • Transmission & entire circle.

Welding & Rear-End Rebuilds A client of mine once said, “You don’t know what you Fabrication & Exchanges don’t know.” Even with decades of riding experience, every horse, each ride, and all interactions can be a learn• Custom U-Bolts & • Driveline Rebuilds ing opportunity for the rider and are unofficial “training Hydraulic Hoses& Repairs sessions” for the horse. Take some time to notice if the while you wait! sessions with your horse may be teaching him to become more resistant in the “tools” you use and if you are using REPAIR • PARTS • SERVICE • EQUIPMENT • TRUCKS • RVS them for the sake of task accomplishment versus creating quality Conversations that improve his willingness to 1100 Triangle Drive • Ponderay, Idaho participate reasonably and respectfully.

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Our Environment

11

The CO-OP Country Round Up July / August 2020 Volume 20 Issue 5

Weed of the Month - Lupine

Manage Your Forest

By Chase Youngdahl, Bonner County Weeds Manager The time of year we all live for has finally arrived! Well, maybe not for everyone—ski & snowboard enthusiasts aside, arguably the best time of year in the inland northwest is setting in. It’s very uncertain how all this craziness in life is going to shake out in the coming months, but one thing that is certain is the arrival of summer! Allow me to be among the first to wish you a happy & healthy Independence Day, and a warm welcome to the dog days of summer.

Since I have fielded a handful of questions on it this year, I’m presenting Lupine (Lupinus spp.) as Weed of the Month. I don’t write about native weeds in these articles very often, but it can’t be a bad thing to briefly stray away from the norm of talking about exotic scourges of the county to feature something indigenous, and to hopefully clear up some confusion related to it. Most species of Lupine are native to the western United States. Lupines are herbaceous perennials (some can be annuals) that are typically 1-2 feet in height with upright stems and compounding palmate leaves. The flower spikes are long and dense, and variable in color. The most common flower colors are blue and purple for the species in our area, but can also be white, yellow, pink or red.

Silver Lupine, Wyeth Lupine and Silky Lupine are the ones most commonly found in our neck of the woods. Several others exist in drier parts of the western United States, rarely making an appearance in the wetter microclimate of Bonner County. Since Lupines belong on the landscape here, it’s encouraged to keep them for the pollinators [wherever practical]. There is a “but”…they are poisonous to livestock, so they should be eliminated from active pastures and hay grounds.

Lupines are not likely to create monocultures in the way that noxious weeds do since there are native control factors in play, i.e. - insects and moths that feed on them. One of their roles in our ecosystem, aside from being a food source for pollinators, is recolonization of the plant community through nitrogen fixation in areas recently burned, or otherwise majorly disturbed. Although they can be opportunistically exuberant in dry, infertile soils where they could dominate the native plant community, control is generally unnecessary in non-pasture areas.

Assuming an infestation is in a pasture or hay field, control is necessary. Most Lupines are poisonous to livestock, including sheep, which are generally tolerant to weeds that are poisonous to cattle and horses. Contaminated hay is an issue, in large amounts. Another issue is late season pasturing—when most of the desirable forage is either gone or dried up, Lupines are still green and tender. Aside from the poisonous alkaloids, a birth defect called Crooked Calf Syndrome is possible if pregnant cows graze on Lupine. CCS is not pleasant, and most calves stricken with it need to be euthanized.

Tillage & digging are effective means of mechanical control, but the disturbance caused can promote additional growth from the seedbank.

Mowing and/or weed whacking performed on a regular basis throughout the growing season can eventually reduce the vigor of established plants. The most effective herbicide combination for maximum control is Weedmaster® (2,4-D & Dicamba) + Escort® or generic (metsulfuron) + a surfactant. Lupines have a very long blooming period (May to August), so the window for an effective herbicide treatment is fairly long.

Lupines happen to contribute to a tricky situation being that they belong here, but are very problematic for pasture animals. Luckily there aren’t TOO many plants that fall into that category, and just as luckily, coexistence can be managed without creating negative impacts on one community or the other.

Image Below: Wyeth Lupine.

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HAROLD DEAN E J ELMO JOSEPH W RICHARD DUANE P AL ROBIN JAMES E DALE LEO ROBERT EDWARD H DALE ROBERT HETZEL FRANCIS JOSEPHINE N HAROLD LOREN OR JACQUIE LEWIS ARTHUR D COLETTA J NOLEN RICHARD STAN STEVEN R JOE E JOSEPH F HARVEY W RICHARD W BILL AL ELMER EUGENE HENRY CHARLES BEN CLARA DANIEL GENE HAROLD HERB JACK JUNE MICHAEL MRS LULU NL RICHARD D ROBERT E ROY STEVE WALTER EARL ANDERSON MAURICE DONALD R GENE HAROLD DEAN E J ELMO JOSEPH W RICHARD EDGAR EC ROY CLIFFORD W GARY GEORGE F MAXWELL OR URSLA ALVIN DANIEL E DON

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MRS NITA GORDON CAROL JEFF MIKE WAYNE K GAIL KG SHELBY TOM TRUMAN WILLIAM L IR JOSEPHINE LEO JIM LARRY D ERICK WE LYNN ADAM F ROBERT CHUCK OR CINDY DAVID & ANDREA HARVEY JOE EDWARD L ROBERT W ROBERT M RICHARD WILLIAM A TOM BERT E GERALD HENRY W JOHN JAMES H CARL PETER WILLIAM WILLIAM STEVEN STEVE RAND BRIAN A DAVID J REX RHEO H CHARLES R LOUIS DEXTER DORTHY PHIL BILL MARTA E ED R EDWARD W MIKE EDWARD JR ROBERT D CHARLES F JEFFREY RICHARD H CONWAY MARION BOB ERNIE D

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ALLEN

BOPP

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BOPP

JACK PIERRE BILL ARNE FRANK JOSEPH HARVEY JAMES RONALD C ED Chase

BOPP BORDENAVE BORNN BORTHING BOSS BOSSINGHAM BOURASSA BOURNE Boyce

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BOYKO BOYLE BOYLE BOYLE BRADETICH BRADETICH BRADFORD BRADLEY BRAILSFORD BRANNING BRANT CONST CO BRASWELL BRAU BRAUN BREEN BREES BREWER BREWER BRICK BRIGGS BRIMHALL BRISBOY BRISTOW BRITTON BRITTON BRIXEN BROADFOOT BROADSWORD BROADSWORD BROCK BROCKUS BROCKWAY JR BRODERSON BROEHL BROOKING BROOKS BROOKS BROOKS BROOKS BROOKS BROOKS BROPHY BROPHY JR BROWN BROWN BROWN BROWN BROWN BROWN BROWN BROWN BROWN BROWN BROWN BROWN BROWN BROWN BROWN BROWN BROWN BROWN BROWN BROWN BROWN BROWN BROWN

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CAMP CAMPBELL CAMPBELL CAMPBELL CAMPBELL CAMPBELL CAMPBELL CAMPBELL CAMPBELL CAMPBELL CANEPA CARBONI CAREY CARICK CARIUS CARLISLE CARLSON CARLSON CARLSON CARLSON CARLSON CARLSON CARLSON CARLSON CARLSON CARLSON CARLTON CARMACK CARMICHAEL CARPENTER CARR CARR REALTY CARROLL CARROTHERS CARTER CARTISANO CARTWRIGHT CARTWRIGHT CASADY LOGGING CASEY CASLER CASS CASSELBERRY CASSON CASTLE CASTON CATES CATHER CATRELL CHABOYA CHAFFEE CHAMBERS CHAMBERS CHAMPMAN CHANEY CHANEY CHANEY CHANNEL CHAPEL CHAPIN CHAPIN CHAPIN CHAPMAN CHAPMAN CHARLAND CHASE CHASTAIN CHEATHAM CHEATHAM CHESHIRE CHINN CHOLEWINSKI CHOUINARD CHRASTIL CHRISTENSON

14

The Gardener’s Corner

The CO-OP Country Round Up July / August 2020 Volume 20 Issue 5

BCGA Garden Tour Cancelled

By Ann Warwick

Due to precautions surrounding the COVID-19 situation, the Bonner County Gardeners Association has canceled the 2020 Garden Tour, which had been scheduled for July 5. Fear not, though, a spectacular tour is expected for 2021. Think of it, all those gardeners spending a lot of time at home in the spring and summer. Ideas form, and there is time to carry them out. Gardens are getting spruced up as people have been actually using their outdoor space, and making their gardens as hospitable and inviting as possible.

The spring plant sale, outdoors on a lovely day, was held as usual, and a big “thank you” goes out to all who came out and bought plants donated by members of BCGA. By the end of the sale, nearly all the plants had found new homes, and the remainder were donated to another organization.

BCGA is still vibrant, despite having to cancel some events and classes this spring. We hope to continue our activities as soon as possible. For information on the organization, visit our web site at bcgardeners.org.

Living With Our Deer Friends It is midsummer now, and the forests and pastures are drying out.

The tender buds of trees and brush have matured into drier fodder.

Such conditions make all our gardens, lush with well watered plants, irresistible to our “deer” friends. Who wants a dusty and thirsty bush when just over there are beautiful green veggies and tasty flowers. All North Idaho gardeners are wary of these beautiful creatures and their insatiable appetites for just the things we like to grow.

What can we do to prevent damage to our gardens, over which we have toiled for countless hours? The most fool proof answer is a good fence (remember, they make good neighbors.) One can make many types of fences to deter deer and other ruminants. In a rural setting, a post and wire fence, eight feet tall for insurance, is a good solution.

Two parallel fences a few feet apart at five feet in height works, but that is a lot of effort, unless one can use the ensuing space between the fences as a chicken run or a kennel, or for planting crops. A solid wood fence six feet tall is effective in a more suburban or urban setting. If the critter can’t see through or over, it is unlikely to try to jump into the unknown. One precaution: don’t leave the gate open.

For a small area, putting chicken wire down on the ground is effective. Deer do not like to step on such surfaces. The drawback is that grass and weeds grow through the chicken wire, which makes them harder to control by mowing or other nonchemical means.

Various sprays will deter animals from plants. There are many commercial formulas, and recipes for making one’s own concoction. They usually involve hot pepper and egg mixtures. These products need to be reapplied as the plants put on new growth and after heavy rains.

There is a myth that there are plants that deer and other four leggers don’t like. Yes, there are some general guidelines, but, like people, animals seem to have varying tastes. Generally, they avoid herbs and other strong scented plants like hardy geraniums, lavender, and mint family. They seldom bother furry leaved plants like lamb’s ear, or extremely thorny specimens, but this is not fool proof--they love roses.

Amazingly, they don’t seem to bother peonies or lilacs. There are lists galore of plants that deer are supposed to dislike, but experience is the best guide, though it can be costly. Prevention is the key to saving those valuable shrubs, flowers and veggies.

At our home, our tall fence makes me like the deer again, especially when they cruise all the way around, looking for a way to get to those luscious menu items.

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9

Our Changing World

15

The CO-OP Country Round Up July / August 2020 Volume 20 Issue 5

Little Hope for Salmon Recovery Without Compromise A Cooperative Approach Is Needed

Only one salmon made it to those shallows, Simpson said, to “create its bed, lay its eggs and die. It was the end of a cycle and the beginning of a new one. These are the most,” he paused for a deep breath, “most incredible creatures I think that God’s created. It’s a cycle God has created. We shouldn’t mess with it.”

Mike Simpson, (R) House of Repesentatives recounted his experience at Marsh Creek in Central Idaho, a salmon spawning ground. On that day only one salmon returned to spawn. For Simpson, this glaring evidence that man’s 15 year plus, $16 million effort to recover the chinook salmon and steelhead fisheries has failed.

Simpson delivered a speech at the Andrus Center environmental conference on salmon, energy, agriculture and community at Boise State University in April of 2019. And in that speech he was less a Republican than a man seeking the path he hopes to blaze before he leaves this earth. “I am going to stay alive long enough to see salmon return to healthy populations in Idaho,” he said.

Because the salmon recovery issue has so many stakeholders, it has to be navigated from the standpoint that everyone has something to gain, and lose, with the final solution for recovery. Should the salmon and steelhead fisheries be recovered? Should the four lower dams in the Snake River Dam System be breached to facilitate the recovery? Should changes in climate be part of the discussion? Should inland farmers have a place at the table along sideThe Nez Perce?

What if it turns out that railroad and truck shipping is indeed less expensive than barging goods to Portland from the interior? And what if solar, wind and natural gas really are just about to catch up to the just under 10,000 MW*of energy produced by BPAs 31 dams?

Simpson has been described as ‘breaking with Republicans on climate change’, or ‘espousing progressive ideas about the environment’ when it comes to salmon recovery. But in all of his speeches it is clear that he is far less interested in sides of the aisle than he is about salmon recovery. And he is determined to keep all those stakeholders at the table, looking for a solution.

One major stakeholder, The Nez Perce, has already been working on the recovery process. The traditional territory of this North American people centred on the lower Snake River and such tributaries as the Salmon and Clearwater rivers in what is now northeastern Oregon, southeastern Washington, and central Idaho, U.S. Their oral tradition and the archeological record indicate a well established family structure; oral history tradition; an economy based on homeland resources; spiritual beliefs; their own value system; economy; art, literature, music, and dance.** Like other members of this culture area, the Nez Percé domestic life traditionally centred on small villages located on streams having abundant salmon, which, dried, formed their main source of food. *** “The fish are imperiled,” says Jason Vogel, acting director of fishery research with the Nez Percé Tribe, based in Lapwai, Idaho. “Here in Idaho there is not a single river or stream where there are enough fish returning” to be deemed a sustainable population, as determined by federal scientists under the Endangered Species Act, he says.

In the next issue we will dive deeper into the Nez Perce Tribe Salmon recovery program and talk about the four lower dams *bpa.gov LegendTimes.pdf ** britannica.com/topic/Nez-Perce-people ***

Propane - Resilient, Clean Energy Small Carbon Footprint. Zero Waste

Propane is a zero waste fuel. Many people don’t know this but it is an important part of the discussion about how to supply a home, office, greenhouse or small farm with efficient energy.

Consumers have a choice when it comes to their energy needs.

Propane is resilient. it is on when the electric grid goes down. And while solar and wind power sources are making great strides in providing dependable energy. propane is available even if the wind is not blowing, nor the sun shining.

America is a net exporter of propane meaning that we don’t have to rely on other countries to supply us with clean propane. it is a clean, low carbon fuel and the costs to install a high efficiency propane fueled furnace are among the lowest heating system options for new homes.* It is no secret that heating water for home use can be expensive.

With a propane hot water tank you will most likely never run out of hot water again because propane can heat water twice as fast as a standard electric unit. Propane water heaters also have a more accurate temperature control and offer many more options as to where the heater can be located in the home.

Heating with propane is easy and can be safer than other forms of home heating such as wood stoves and wood pellet stoves. The increased risk of fire with wood heat including chimney fires makes propane a worthwhile consideration. With the touch of a button your home is warm and cozy. No messy wood box, ash disposal, or annual wood cutting excursions. You know going into winter that not only may you be safer, you will certainly have more time for leisure activities.

Why not look into propane this summer and see if this clean heat source is the right choice for you. We would love to talk to you about all your propane needs. *Rocky Mountain Propane Association

F

LOG PRICES June 2020

April 2020

Douglas-fir/western larch

Species

$375 - $430/MBF

$375- $430/MBF

Grand fir/western hemlock

$375 - $420

$350 - $420

Lodgepole pine

$375 - $420

$370 - $420

Ponderosa pine

$300-$350

$???

Western white pine

$360 - $375

$390 - $400

Western redcedar

$720 - $875

$700 - $840

Cedar poles Pulp Tonwood

*$1,700*

*$1,700*

$25 - $32+/ton

$25/ton

$52/ton +/-

$50/ton +/-

Note that these figures represent prices paid by competitive domestic facilities in the Inland Northwest, and are based on average-sized logs and standard log lengths—usually 16’6” and 33’. MBF = Thousand Board Feet. *Pole value varies widely depending upon length. Market information as of June 12, 2020 It is a very interesting time in the log market. Ponderosa pine purchasers are scarce and they are reluctant to buy much volume. Market demand for other species is improving, but prices have not moved upward. Cedar is an exception, which has experienced a small uptick in value. Many unknown factures continue to influence lumber demand; however, prices have been trending higher. Hopefully, that trend will continue and translate into an improved log market. - Mike Wolcott, ACF, Certified Forester This information is provided by Inland Forest Management, Inc., a forestry consulting company. For additional information, they can be contacted at 208-263-9420, IFM@inlandforest.com or www.inlandforest.com.

16

Your Health

The CO-OP Country Round Up July / August 2020 Volume 20 Issue 5

Terrain, Germs, and Vaccinations

by Gabrielle Duebendorfer, NMD

There have been several recent LTE’s about the terrain VERSUS germ theories in conjunction with the Covid-19 epidemic and vaccine discussion. I have personally made the point that the topic should really be “terrain AND Germs” and will elucidate this discussion a bit more while expanding it into the vaccination issue.

Thanks to the Freedom movement, N-Idaho is one of the few states with very lax vaccination laws. Washington and Oregon both have eliminated vaccination exemptions for school attendance, which has caused fear of restrictions in our state as well. The Covid-19 epidemic has further exacerbated these fears with presumptions of potential vaccine requirements for adults to go to work or fly. I have explored in a previous article, the various conspiracy theories claiming that vaccine industries are the cause of the epidemic, and that viruses don’t have any power if the terrain is healthy.

It is important to understand that the fear of compulsory vaccinations is the underlying root in this discussion. According to Jonathan Haidt, a social psychologist, sanctity, liberty, and authority are the predominant moral values that characterize conservative outlooks. Sanctity and liberty are not as high on the list for progressives, who are more shaped by care and fairness. For conservatives, sanctity takes on importance in form of religious notions of living in a less carnal way.

However, even for liberals, including myself as a naturopathic physician, sanctity can be an important moral value with respect to the body and nature in general.

Having the body’s sanctity invaded by government authority via vaccine requirements causes strong emotions in me. My protective nature as a mother impulsively takes over, compounded by my naturopathic knowledge of the body. Ethicists state that immunizations are one of those topics – together with abortion – where one can make a good argument from both sides. Discussions invariably lead to impasses and more division, but the current situation warrants open dialogue.

I will come back to my own reaction, but for now imagine conservatives’ reactions, whose values of sanctity and liberty are even stronger and broader reaching than for liberals. Haidt explains that these emotional reactions are like an elephant that has a momentum that can’t be easily swayed. Appealing to the driver, a simile to our brain, has to have a very specific resonance in order to have the elephant change course - and that in its own time. Rationality will not do that – though clubbing someone over the head might. Deeper compassionate understanding, though slower, often does the trick.

Against that background enters the terrain and germ discussion.

When we react emotionally as above, we unconsciously create rationales that make sense of our reaction. Blaming vaccine industries

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KHS has begun a phased "re-opening" of all its services. This includes appointments for patients whose care has been postponed.

We will continue to take precautions to keep both staff and patients safe in our clinics, including strict cleaning procedures and social distancing guidelines.

As we return to our new "normal" in healthcare, we will remain flexible in meeting the needs of our patients in the safest way possible.

We look forward to seeing you soon!

Blaming vaccine industries for causing the virus and focusing exclusively on the terrain has been one way. Another has been blaming anti-vaxers and non-conventional medicine adhering to ancient, disproven terrain theories. So, let me explain the concept of terrain in more detail.

Imagine two plants, one growing in poor soil with little water and sun exposure, the other in soil full of humus and nutrients with plenty of water and light. You probably have observed yourself that the former plants are much more susceptible to diseases, including viruses. Well, it is no different in humans. Terrain is a description of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is the milieu in which toxins get transported out of the body, nutrients get transported into the cells, and hormonal and neuro messengers get relayed to different parts of the body. Bruce Lipton gives an easy read in “Biology of Belief” about the cell membrane now being understood as the brain on a cellular level, rather than the nucleus. If the ECM is clogged up none of these essential functions can work to their optimum, and microbial pathogens flourish.

This is not some anti-vaxer theory but cutting-edge cellular science.

The ECM gets clogged up by poor diet, environmental and stress caused toxins, and by chronic infections. Of course, the body is inherently designed to deal with these influences, but when the exposure is too high and the elimination system is not working (e.g. constipation, lack of exercise, poor diet, high stress levels, poor liver function) , susceptibility to chronic disease and germs is highly increased.

Conspiracists have taken this concept to claim that germs have no impact at all if we just take care of the terrain. Governments’ focus on vaccination production and lack of attention to clean environment and lifestyle education during this epidemic is said to be proof of financial profiteering and motivation to exaggerate the threat of the Covid-19 virus. Emphasizing Bechamp’s terrain theory in contrast to Pasteur’s germ theory is a convenient theoretical support for this scenario. Wikipedia states that “Béchamp claimed … that unfavorable host and environmental conditions destabilize the host’s native microzymas, whereupon they decompose host tissue by producing pathogenic bacteria.” (1) While there currently is no evidence that decomposing tissue produces pathogenic bacteria, Bechamp did clarify that microorganisms are necessary for good health. Current microbiome studies have confirmed this as well as the fact that dysbiosis (an imbalance of the gut microbes) make certain microbes more pathogenic and cause a variety of diseases. In fact, we have co-evolved with microorganisms to the point that our bodies actually are made up half by bacterial cells. “Microbes in the gut break down many of the proteins, lipids and carbohydrates in our diet into nutrients that we can then absorb.

Moreover, the microbes produce beneficial compounds, like vitamins Terrain continued on page 21

Our Community

The CO-OP Country Round Up July / August 2020

Panhandle Piecemakers Showcase Featured Quilter by Kathy George

Depending on the successful outcome of the novel Coronavirus, Panhandle Piecemakers Quilt Guild hopes to present this year’s quilt show: The Festival of Quilts, highlighting Linda Angel as our featured quilter. It will be held at Sandpoint Community Hall, August 8 & 9, 2020 – details can be found throughout town on posters or you can call Linda at (208) 610-3073.

A bit of history about Linda’s love of sewing and quilting from a recent interview: KG: Tell me about your sewing journey: LA: I’ve always sewn and at an early age our mother taught us how to use her sewing machine. I also remember early on quilting with my mother and Grandmother. I started sewing on a treadle machine and as I got older, mother taught us to use her electric sewing machine.

WOW, sewing took off after that! At first my younger sister and I used cardboard patterns or simply traced squares on fabric and cut them out for my mother to sew into functional “utility” quilts for the family’s use. When final construction began on a finished top, she would put the quilts in a large frame and we would help her, in those days, ‘tie’ quilt them (unlike today when we machine sew the three layers – top, batting, backing - together). The only time we helped with a “fancy” quilt was when someone got married or had a baby. That was probably my earliest thoughts of falling in love with the craft.

KG: Why did you join the army?

LA: As a young woman, I joined the Army after high school. Initially I was motivated to learn new skills but after joining it soon became more meaningful to me than just an education. To serve my country and help my fellow soldiers with my medical skills was a clear message to me that I was in the right place for me to give back. I served in the US Army for 20 years as an X-ray Tech in the Medical Corp. I worked at a variety of bases and X-rayed many enlisted soldiers, even posting at a top secret base where I treated two US Presidents . During my time in service, sewing took a back seat though I often made my civilian clothes and a quilt now and then. I still hadn’t gotten serious about, as my grandmother would say, “fancy” quilting.

KG: Where did sewing fit in after the army?

LA: When I retired from the Army and my husband and I settled down into a “normal” life I took a quilting class with my younger sister and as they say, “the rest is history”. I really got hooked on the process of planning a quilt from choosing fabrics to putting it together. I think what fascinated me the most was the interdependence of shape and color and how changing even one thing gave you a totally different quilt. I’ve taken many technique classes over the years, trying different things to find my niche in quilting (of course, sometimes saying, “Well, that was different!” and quickly moving on to something else).

KG: What lead you to join our local guild?

LA: I joined the local Sandpoint guild in 2009 - Panhandle Piecemak

Volume 20 Issue 5

17

ers Quilt Guild - to meet and learn from the many amazing quilters in our area. I must say that these ladies have been a God-send in my life, and not only with sharing the craft they love with me. When my husband had his first stroke in 2010, these ladies and their support kept me afloat during those long days as I got through a very difficult time. I have found my passion in quilting, I love to hand-applique quilts (dirty word to some quilters) but my biggest quilting love is paper-piecing using the “Judy Niemeyer” process.

Linda did not mention in this interview the countless hours she devotes to our guild and the committees she tirelessly leads. She shares her quilting knowledge by teaching numerous classes both locally for our Guild and across the state of Washington. Linda has also worked endlessly for years to coordinate our Sandpoint Quilt Shows. She is generous with her time and is always ready to share her passion for her craft.

At times Linda may present a tough exterior but you can be guaranteed that she will be the first to help you and offer a kind word when needed (and offer up the tough love that a few of us need from time to time!). She is quite often covered in thread (a common theme among most of us who sew) and a smile. Her laughter echoes through any room she is in. And her trusty service companion, Jackson - the wily Chihuahua, is always at her side, because even she needs some TLC at times.

These are just a few of the reasons why Linda was selected as our 2020 Featured Quilter.

Left: Linda being presented with her Military ‘Quilt of Valor’ quilt lovingly constructed and gifted to her by her friends in the Panhandle Piecemakers Quilt Guild. (She was moved to tears upon receipt, a pretty emotional moment for all of us.)

Right: This quilt’s name is Forest Galorest by Java House Quilts. It’s hand appliquéd. It won Best Appliqué of Show & Viewer’s Choice at our 2014 PPQG Quilt Show, Best of Show at the Bonner County Fair, and Best of Show at Spokane Interstate Fair

18

Home & Hearth

The CO-OP Country Round Up July / August 2020 Volume 20 Issue 5

Recipes...

Summer is the busiest season of the year for me. I will work on the farm until dark in the summer which throws a monkey wrench into dinner plans. While I am swirling in this glorious vortex of joy my family is left to wonder if I am going to show up to either cook dinner, or eat what they have cooked. Sigh- So I have come up with dinner hacks over time. The crock pot is my friend as is the outdoor grill. What could be easier than firing that thing up and laying out the marinated steak and chicken??

This year though I want to make even the beginning of the day easier, more enjoyable and infinitely more tasty. So I have been messing with scone recipes.

My greatest complaint about scones is that they are dry and crumbly which leads me to believe that when the butter was added it was worked to resemble crumbles as some recipes call for. This ruins a perfectly good scone! No one in my house gets excited about a dry scone. They do however love a moist, fruity, flaky scone. This is how you make a batch. Enjoy!

Kathy’s Traditional English Scones 3 cups sifted, all purpose unbleached flour (whole wheat will pro duce a grainy, unacceptable texture) 1/2 cup granulated sugar 1 Tablespoon Baking Powder 1/2 teaspoon salt 1/2 cup butter (no substitutions) keep cold!

County Fair trivia: Legend has it that Elvis sang in the youth talent show at the Mississippi-Alabama Fair and Dairy Show, and not only did he not win, he actually came in fifth place.

But the King was only 10 at the time, so he still had a lot of room for improvement!

1/2 cup blueberries, or 1 large banana, chopped, or other fresh fruit. Do not used dried fruit or fruit rinds in this recipe.

1 large egg, beaten 2 Tablespoons whole milk 1/4 cup dairy sour cream (full fat)

save up to

Scone Instructions: Preheat oven to 325 degrees Blend the dry ingredients together.

Unwrap the butter stick and using a large cheese grater shred the butter directly into the dry ingredients. With a large fork quickly mix the butter shreds into the dry mix until they are covered with flour.

Add the chopped fruit - stir in to coat In a medium bowl whisk together the egg, milk, and sour cream.

Add to the flour fruit mixture. Stir slowly to mix in. By hand, gently work the mixture together catching up all the dry ingredients, just until blended.

Form a single ball. Place dough ball on a cold, floured baking stone. Flatten the ball out to just about 1/2 - 3/4” thickness.

For a soft crust brush with egg. For a crispy crust sprinkle with cinnamon and sugar no egg Place stone in pre-heated oven and bake for 15 minutes. Test the center with a knife to check for doneness. Do not over bake.

Let scones rest on stone for 5 minutes.

Then, using a sharp knife, cut into wedges.

These scones will stay moist on a tray all day. You may refrigerate them and reheat them later.

Excellent with both coffee and tea and they make a great snack.

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Rural Life

19

The CO-OP Country Round Up July / August 2020 Volume 20 Issue 5

It’s Hard to look Cool

Charitable donation tax receipts provided to Donors.

When your car is full of sheep

Let’s take some lambs to the Fair this year My sister said to me She spoke of High Adventure And how fun this all would be She talked of Fame and Glory And money to be had We’d be the envy of our friends It didn’t sound too bad So I agreed to go along With her money making scheme I always was a sucker For her hi-falutin’ dreams.

We wandered out through Daddy’s flock To find which ones were best.

One of them was big and strong He stood out from the rest I named my big lamb “Brutus”That should have been a sign My sister called hers “Daisy” She was gentle, calm, and fine My sister worked with Daisy And quickly had her trained But Brutus, he was stubborn And my enthusiasm waned Then throughout the summer When I should have worked with him I often rode my pony Or went off for a swim When at last, the day arrived To haul them to the fair We had no fancy trailer Or truck to haul them there While Grandma always told us Poor folks have poor ways This didn’t look like it would be Among my better days My Mother brought our Oldsmobile And then, who woulda’ thunk We took our fancy 4-H lambs And stuffed them in the trunk They bleated all the way to town ‘Twas such an awful din If they knew what lay ahead They’d not have gotten in At last we pulled into the Fair My friends were all around I wished a hole would swallow me Right into the ground They asked us why we didn’t bring Our lambs into the fair But then the racket in the trunk Betrayed their presence there When Mother popped the trunk lid The sunlight hit their eyes Brutus blinked a time or two And then, to my surprise He took off like a sprinter From the starting gun I wrapped my arms about his neck And around the Fair he run We went off through the hog barn Like a rocket sled on rails Right through the manure pile And then across the scales He dragged me ‘round the parking lot And through a pile of rocks Then I lost my tennis shoes And also lost my socks We started for a second round When several bigger lads Tackled us right to the ground The wreck was pretty bad

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20

The Great Outdoors

The CO-OP Country Round Up July / August 2020 Volume 20 Issue 5

Local Native Travis Dickson Joins Lake Pend Oreille Waterkeeper

Hello Sandpoint! My name is Travis Dickson and I am proud to be the new Associate Director with Lake Pend Oreille Waterkeeper.

What is a Waterkeeper? Waterkeepers throughout the world are tasked with the duties of collecting water samples, testing them for signs of pollution, and making the results available to the public. Lake Pend Oreille Waterkeeper (LPOW) also organizes educational events and holds an annual Water Summit to celebrate our lake. Our organization aims to keep Lake Pend Oreille drinkable, fishable, and swimmable for future generations through education, community engagement and advocacy.

Lake Pend Oreille Waterkeeper is over 10 years old and for the past eight years we have been conducting our Water Quality Monitoring Program (WQMP). A colossal amount of work has been done through those years and an extensive dataset has been produced. With gratitude and respect, I wish to thank all past LPOW workers and volunteers for their achievements in molding this program. The amount of time and effort that has been put into this organization is nothing short of admirable. The information collected from this program not only helps to better understand the health of our lake, but assists regulatory authorities that hold polluters accountable. I have inherited a very robust dataset produced from LPOW’s eight years of monitoring.

The data consists of measurements for 11 variables from 15 locations around the lake. These measurements give us an idea of how ‘clean’ our lake is. I’d like to invite you to visit our website to explore the new data visualization charts that make it easy and fun to explore the ‘cleanliness’ of your favorite swimming holes in Lake Pend Oreille.

On a personal note, I was raised in Bonner County, went to Sagle Elementary and graduated from Sandpoint High School. Sandpoint is my home and over the years I have developed a deep respect and love for Lake Pend Oreille. Following my graduation from SHS in 1998, I left town in search of an education in the Environmental Sciences. After receiving Bachelors, Masters and Doctorate degrees, and a quick stint working for a few environmental consulting firms, I moved back to Sandpoint in 2014.

I have been a volunteer with LPOW since.

I am a passionate environmentalist who values human health.

Guided by the age-old-adage ‘you are what you eat, drink, and breathe’ I believe that to be fit and healthy, you need a healthy source of food, water and air. I believe that the best way to protect our own health is to protect our environment. I am committed to protecting the health of this community, by first understanding the threats to the ecosystem and then advocating for the preservation of our greatest local resource, Lake Pend Oreille.

And now you may be asking yourself, how can I help LPOW’s initiative? We are a non-profit organization and, of course, open to your donations. After all, the more funds we have, the more testing we can do for the community. But even more valuable are contributions of your time and expertise. Our door is always open and is located in suite 212 of the Cedar Street Bridge.

Currently we are gearing up for this seasons water quality monitoring program. Volunteers are eager and ready for our upcoming orientations to be held on June 4th and 10th at the City Beach Pavilion. Our first sample date for the season is scheduled for June 16th.

Please contact us with questions you have regarding the upcoming sampling season.

And again, Thank You to all our volunteers! This is a citizen’s science program For the People, By the People.

Please visit our website which includes news and events happening around the community. We hope you’ll find this information helpful.

I thank you all for your support and I look forward to contributing to the preservation of our beautiful lake.

Terrain continued from page 16

and anti-inflammatories that our genome cannot produce” (2) This recently updated ratio of bacteria to human cells from 10:1 or 100:1 to closer to 1:1 does not take away from the biological importance of the microbiota (3) Microbiome studies are an important aspect of understanding terrain. A healthy cellular environment is clearly more resistant to pathogens. For example, a pubmed study examining the relation of various stress scenarios to the common cold found that “that psychological stress is a risk factor for the common cold.” (4). Currently we see the terrain/microbe relation illustrated by the fact that people with obesity, diabetes, and heart disease, are more susceptible to having serious consequences when infected with Covid-19. And it is further substantiated by the fact that black people suffer at a higher rate from these chronic illnesses due to higher exposure to toxins, poor access to a healthy diet and health care, as well as higher stress levels due to greater violence in their neighborhoods. (5, 6) So back to my personal gut reaction to the thought of having to face compulsory vaccine requirements to conquer this Covid-19 epidemic. That prospect goes against my inherent sense of freedom to take care of my body to my best knowledge and to protect my body’s sanctity. This is a highly personal decision. I have always educated my patients to be able to make informed, evidence based, individual decisions with regards to vaccinations. Focusing exclusively on vaccine and drug development to fight the virus also ignores what this epidemic has laid bare: chronic disease based on unhealthy terrain predisposes to infection and death by Covid-19. Industry and government need to be held accountable to address environmental pollution, lack of health care access, and food deserts. And we all need to take personal responsibility to take care of our own and our families’ well-being and neither blame industry/government conspiracies nor rely exclusively on vaccines and drugs to conquer epidemics. In other words, we need to tend to both terrain AND germs.

(1) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_B%C3%A9champ (2) https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-human-microbiome-project-defines-normal-bacterial-makeup-body (3) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4991899/ (4) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11338315/.

(5) https://www.cigna.com/health-care-providers/resources/african-american-black-health-disparities (6) https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PI-

Dr Gabrielle Duebendorfer has practiced as a licensed naturopathic physician for 25 years combining natural medicine with mindfulness tools. Her practice is focused on cancer care and post traumatic growth. She offers tele and in person consults. 208-920-0583

22

Our History

The CO-OP Country Round Up July / August 2020 Volume 20 Issue 5

The Unexpected Roots of the Bonner County Fair By Hannah Combs Brought to you by the Bonner County Historical Society & Museum Research by Maggie Mjelde

On the wall of the Bonner County Fairgrounds office, a blue ribbon is framed and hangs prominently on the wall. In lustrous gold figures on the worn blue background are the numbers 1927, which is known as the year of the first Bonner County Fair. In 1927, before the fair moved to the area now known as Lakeview Park and decades before it moved to its current location on North Boyer, the fair was held at the Methodist Community Hall and livestock entries were penned in an empty lot across the street. It was a “tremendous success,” according to the Pend Oreille Review, with so many entries that there was hardly enough room for visitors to navigate around them.

At the time, the focus was on agriculture and communities competed for awards as well as individuals. With award premiums totaling nearly $250, communities got competitive. The Sagle community was noted for creatively spelling ‘Sagle’ out of apples in their display. Colburn produced many novelty items, from Filbert nuts and popcorn to buckeyes and rabbit mincemeat. The Midas (Garfield Bay today) display, though the smallest, took home the prize for best spuds. But no one could beat the Sunnyside-Culver-Oden display, which was the largest and took home first place that year. Much of its success may have been due to Mrs. Ole Peterson of Oden Bay, who individually had more fair entries than most of the communities. She won awards for her elephant pears, turnips, cantaloupes, and just about every canned good imaginable.

The story of the first Bonner County Fair is well known… or so we thought. At the request of Darcey Smith, current Fairgrounds Director, the Bonner County Historical Society’s research team dug into the early history of the fair, and what they found surprised us all.

In the summer of 1908, an enterprising young politician gave a speech to the Sandpoint Commercial Club. Paul Clagstone had brought his new wife to the Hoodoo area a few years earlier and built a successful cattle ranch. As his prominence in the area grew, he took a shot at running for a seat in the state legislature. But in order to secure the vote, he knew he would have to win over the bigwigs in Sandpoint. He appealed to the Commercial Club that he could bring together all of the farmers for a county fair, saying “the displays could then be taken for exhibition at the Spokane Interstate fair and Bonner County and its resources would thus be doubly advertised.”

With the Commercial Club’s support (and funding), the first fair was held that fall in the upstairs rooms of what is now Larson’s on First Ave, and its exhibits were later transported, fully intact, to Spokane.

The 250 entries featured primarily fruits and vegetables since the building owners did not want livestock inside, but nevertheless the exhibits showed “a marvelous representation of Bonner County.”

Over the next few years, the fair bounced between other improvised locations while the community tried to make plans for a permanent fair site. The Bonner County History Museum’s collection includes a few artifacts from these years, including an award slip from 1909 entitling Ethel Ashley to a $1.00 prize for her watercolor painting. The museum collection also boasts a silver-plated trophy from 1912 with the inscription ‘Best Apples.’

The fair ended after 1912 for unclear reasons, possibly connected to WWI, and the fair lay fallow for the next decade and a half. When it was revived in 1927, it appears the community was so excited that they forgot all about the earlier events.

As we enter the 13th decade of Bonner County Fairs, agriculture is still one focus of fair exhibits, but many people now know the fair for its exciting livestock shows and auctions. Just like the origins of the fair itself were a surprise, when animals were first accepted in 1927, the entries were equally surprising. That year, Mrs. E.D. Blood of Dover took home the silver cup for her display of chinchilla pelts.

Mary & Ole Peterson, Oden Bay Representation 1927 Bonner County Fair

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1908 Commercial Club Ag Exhibit

Real Estate and You

23

The CO-OP Country Round Up July / August 2020 Volume 20 Issue 5

Land Values 2020: Where Are They Now? By Jim Haynes, Associate Broker, Realm Partners

What about other vacant land lots of variable size? Previously the discussion has been based on 5-10 acre lots, and prices discussed are based on the lot regardless of size. Below is a table based on actual land sales regardless of parcel size for the previous 12 months ending Vacant land prices followed national housing trends with large run- May 31, 2020. ups during 2003 to 2007. This was followed by a significant decline Table 1 – Average sales price per acre for vacant land sales in Koofrom 2007 to 2010. Since then prices in Bonner and Boundary Coun- tenai, Bonner and Boundary County for June 1, 2019 to May 31, 2020 (Some high value properties were excluded from the analysis on the smaller lot sales to ensure prices ties have stayed relatively flat while Kootenai County has seen a sig- represent raw land.) nificant rise in the last four years. Below is a chart showing the medi1-5 acres 5-10 acres 10-20 acres 20+ acres an sales price for vacant 5-10 acre lots for the three northern Idaho counties from 2003 to May 31, 2020.

Kootenai County $30,094 $20,952 $12,562 $7,121

Bonner County Boundary County

Median Sold Land Prices 5-10 Acre Parcels *

$200,000 $180,000

$19,022 $16,944

$14,235 $11,448

$9,095 $9,702

$160,000

$6,424 $5,147

From the summarized information above one can determine that the price per acre drops as the acreage size of the land purchase in$100,000 Bonner County $80,000 creases. Kootenai County vacant land prices continue to demand a Boundary County $60,000 Kootenai County premium over Bonner and Boundary County vacant land prices. $40,000 $20,000 Property owners of raw property purchased 13 years ago saw $0 values drop by half to two thirds over three years. In general, raw Year land real estate has been recovering slowly since that time except for Kootenai County recently. As a buyer the time may never be better * 2020 is the twelve months ending May 31, 2020. with sufficient inventory from which to choose. Contact your real Source: Selkirk MLS and Coeur d’Alene MLS (from January 1, 2003 to May 31, 2020 estate professional to help you find one of many great buying opporInformation deemed reliable but not guaranteed).

The median sales price of a parcel of vacant land 5-10 acres in size tunities in the North Idaho real estate market. in Kootenai County was $60,250 in 2003 and by 2007 the median *Median is the middle value. That is, half the lots sold at a price higher than the median sales sales price had risen to $170,000. In 2010 the median sales price had price and half of the lots sold at a price lower than the median sales price dropped to $83,000, greater than a 280% rise followed by a 50% drop.

From 2010 to 2016 prices in Kootenai County had slight variability and were flat. However, over the last four years Kootenai County lot prices have surged with the median sales price for the 12 months ending May 31, 2020 up 84% from calendar year 2016. Bonner or Boundary County have exhibited a slight upward trend and not the volatility in prices seen in Kootenai County.

Below is a chart of sales volume of 5-10 acre vacant land lots: 2020

2019

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

$120,000

2003

Sales Price

$140,000

5-10 Acre Parcels Sold * Number of parcels sold

250

200 150 Bonner County 100

Boundary County Kootenai County

50

2020

2019

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

Year

* 2020 is the twelve months ending May 31, 2020.

Source: Selkirk MLS and Coeur d’Alene MLS (from January 1, 2003 to May 31, 2020.

Information deemed reliable but not guaranteed).

Considering the first half of both charts, one can see that the number of lots sold started to increase before the sales price of lots increased.

In 2004 the number of 5-10 acre vacant land parcels sold began to decrease while the price of comparable parcels continued to increase for another two to three years, before prices began to fall. In 2012 Kootenai County lot sales began to increase and it took four years for lot prices to start their upward trend, slightly longer than during the last cycle. For the last few years, the number of lots sold has begun to increase in all three northern Idaho counties. The inventory of 5-10 acre lots has decreased over the last three years. At the current sales pace there are approximately eight months of inventory in both Kootenai and Bonner County. In Boundary County there are over 14 months of 5-10 acre vacant lot inventory. Three years ago, those inventories were 1.3, 2.2 and 4.2 years respectively. Inventories are tightening which puts upward pressure on prices.

Information compiled by Jim Haynes, Associate Broker, Realm Partners 208-290-7249, jim.haynes@frontier.com

Kootenai County Bonner County Boundary County

Kootenai County Bonner County Boundary County

2012 2411 615 121

2012 $170,914 $175,000 $135,000

2013 2,971 645 150

2014 3,162 736 155

2015 3,758 775 188

2016 4,124 837 174

2017 4,299 881 157

2018 4,512 999 217

2019 4,415 911 222

1st 5 Months % change from 1st 2020 5 Months 2019 1,587 4.7% 242 -12.3% 59 -28.9%

2013 $184,216 $199,000 $152,750

2014 $198,838 $225,000 $159,900

2015 $215,000 $235,000 $172,450

2016 $230,323 $257,000 $175,000

2017 $257,665 $280,990 $199,900

2018 $292,000 $305,000 $194,000

2019 $320,000 $333,000 $234,500

1st 5 Months % change from 1st 2020 5 Months 2019 $ 339,000 10.8% $ 334,250 8.7% $ 265,000 15.5%

Source: Coeur d'Alene MLS and the Selkirk MLS (from January 1, 2009 to May 31, 2020, information deemed reliable but not guaranteed)

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