Prevalence of Multimorbid Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis with Knee or Hip Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background

Musculoskeletal multimorbidity is common and coexisting lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) with knee or hip osteoarthritis (OA) has been reported. The aim of this review was to report the prevalence of multimorbid degenerative LSS with knee or hip OA based on clinical and/or imaging case definitions.

Methods

Literature searches were performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and CINAHL up to May 2021. Studies involving adults with cross-sectional data to estimate the prevalence of co-occurring LSS with knee or hip OA were included. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. Results were stratified according to index and comorbid condition, and by case definitions (imaging, clinical, and combined).

Results

Ten studies from five countries out of 3891 citations met the inclusion criteria. Sample sizes ranged from 44 to 2,857,999 (median 230) and the mean age in the included studies range from 61 to 73 years (median 66 years). All studies were from secondary care or mixed settings. Nine studies used a combined definition of LSS and one used a clinical definition. Imaging, clinical, and combined case definitions of knee and hip OA were used. The prevalence of multimorbid LSS and knee or hip OA ranged from 0 to 54%, depending on the specified index condition and case definitions used. Six studies each provided prevalence data for index LSS and comorbid knee OA (prevalence range: 5 to 41%) and comorbid hip OA (prevalence range: 2 to 35%). Two studies provided prevalence data for index knee OA and comorbid LSS (prevalence range 17 to 54%). No studies reporting prevalence data for index hip OA and comorbid LSS were found. Few studies used comparable case definitions and all but one study were rated as high risk of bias.

Conclusions

There is evidence that multimorbid LSS with knee or hip OA occurs in people (0 to 54%), although results are based on studies with high risk of bias and surgical populations. Variability in LSS and OA case definitions limit the comparability of studies and prevalence estimates should therefore be interpreted with caution.

OriginallypublishedinBMCMusculoskeletalDisorders, 2022Feb24;23(1):177

OpenAccess:ThisarticleislicensedunderaCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

2020-2022 CMCC Research Publications

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Faculty Presentations: 2020-21

1. Kopansky-Giles D, Sumagang G. "Hello, how are you?" Keeping patients connected during the COVID-19 Pandemic. 20 Nov 20; Virtual: 2020 MAPCRG Annual Meeting.

2. Fillery M, Budgell B. The Research Enterprise at Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College – an analysis incorporating textual and social network analyses. 21 Mar 02; Virtual: CARLOquium 2021. (poster)

3. Wynd S, Fillery M, Budgell B. Mapping the Global Chiropractic Research Enterprise – A Protocol. 21 Mar 02; Virtual: CARLOquium 2021. (poster)

4. Moore CS, Wong A, de Luca K, De Carvalho D, Johansson M, Pohlman K, Miller A, Funabashi M, Doherty P, French S, Adams J, Kawchuk G, Hartvigsen J. Chiropractic COVID-19 Global Survey: analysis of impact and response. 21 Mar 02; Virtual: CARLOquium 2021. (poster)

5. Hartvigsen J, Kawchuk G, Breen A, De Carvalho D, Elklund A, Fernandez M, Funabashi M, Holmes MM, Johansson M, de Luca K, Moore C, Pagé I, Pohlman K, Swain MS, Wong AYL, Adams J. Leadership and Capacity Building in Chiropractic Research: Report from the first CARL cohort. 21 Mar 02; Virtual: CARLOquium 2021. (poster)

6. Kopansky-Giles D, Ramji N, AlHaj M, Summagang G, Chang B, Fulton K, Weyman K. "Hello, how are you?": Keeping patients connected during the COVID19 pandemic. 21 Mar 02; Virtual: CARLOquium 2021. (poster)

7. Csiernik B, Smith A, Plener J, Tibbles A, Young JJ. Frequency of Guideline Recommended Care for Low Back Pain in a Chiropractic Teaching Clinic. 21 Mar 02; Virtual: CARLOquium 2021. (poster)

8. Plener J, Ammendolia C, Mior S, Hogg-Johnson S, Côté P. Lived Experiences with Symptomatic Degenerative Cervical Radiculopathy: The Patients' Perspectives. 21 Mar 02; Virtual: CARLOquium 2021. (poster)

9. Mikhail J, Hofstetter L, Côté P, Tricco AC, Pagé I, Hincapié C. Minimal clinical datasets for spine related musculoskeletal disorders in primary care and outpatient settings: a scoping review protocol. 21 Mar 02; Virtual: CARLOquium 2021. (poster)

10. Bejarano G, Csiernik B, Young JJ, Stuber K, Zadro JR. Healthcare student attitudes toward patient centered care: a systematic review protocol. 21 Mar 02; Virtual: CARLOquium 2021. (poster)

11. Abbas A, Adeboyejo A, Young JJ, Mior SA, Yu H, Côté P. The reliability and validity of the Oswestry Disability Index in the elderly with low back pain: a protocol for a systematic review. 21 Mar 02; Virtual: CARLOquium 2021. (poster)

12. Downie AS, Burrell C, De Luca K, Pohlman K, Funabashi M, Giurato R. Erring on the side of safety: using an active surveillance reporting system to prospectively identify adverse events at the Macquarie University Chiropractic Teaching Clinics. A study protocol. 21 Mar 02; Virtual: CARLOquium 2021. (poster)

13. Ammendolia C, Hofkirchner C, Plener J, Bussieres A, Schneider M, Young JJ, Furlan A, Stuber K, Ahmed A, Cancelliere C, Adeboyejo A, Ornelas J. Nonoperative treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis with neurogenic claudication. An updated systematic review. 21 Mar 02; Virtual: CARLOquium 2021. (poster)

14. Ross LM, Downie A, De Luca K, Funabashi M, Tran S, Starmer D. Performance of a hand-held sensor puck versus table-embedded force plate for measurement of HVLA thrust. 21 Mar 02; Virtual: CARLOquium 2021. (poster)

15. Aspinall SL, Funabashi M, Beynon A, Braithwaite FA. Are our lumbar manipulation shams any good? A systematic review protocol of blinding strategies, their effectiveness, and their influence on pain outcomes. 21 Mar 02; Virtual: CARLOquium 2021. (poster)

16. Neave MJ, De Luca K, Downie A, Hogg-Johnson S, Swain M, French S, Mior S. Characteristics of Chiropractic Paediatric Practice: Secondary Analysis of the COAST and O-COAST Studies. 21 Mar 02; Virtual: CARLOquium 2021. (poster)

17. Funabashi M, Pohlman K, Goldsworthy R, Lee A, Tibbles A, Mior S, Kawchuk G. Beliefs, perceptions and practices of chiropractors and patients about mitigation strategies for benign adverse events after spinal manipulation therapy. 21 Mar 02; Virtual: CARLOquium 2021. (poster)

18. Blanchette M, Engmark N, Sørenson M, Mior S, Stockendahl J. Are chiropractors’ characteristics associated with the number of referred patients from general practitioners? A cross-sectional study of Danish chiropractors. 21 Mar 02; Virtual: CARLOquium 2021. (poster)

19. Nolet PS, Emary PC, Kristman VL, Murnaghan K, Zeegers MP, Freeman MD. Exposure to a motor vehicle collision and the risk of future back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 21 Mar 02; Virtual: CARLOquium 2021. (poster)

20. Lawson GE, Wang V. Medial Branch Blocks for Diagnosis of Facet Joint Pain Etiology and Use in Chronic Pain Litigation. 21 Mar 02; Virtual: CARLOquium 2021. (poster)

21. De Luca K, Hogg-Johnson S, Funabashi M, Mior S, French S. The clinical profile of older adults seeking chiropractic care: A secondary analysis of COAST and O-COAST studies. 21 Mar 02; Virtual: CARLOquium 2021. (poster)

22. Frey M, Breen A, Breen A, Funabashi M, Kawchuk G, Pagé I, Williams J, Wong A, De Carvalho D. Comparison of Lumbar Spine Sagittal Motion between External Measures and Quantitative Fluoroscopy –Preliminary Results

23. Haldeman S, Tavares P, Kopansky-Giles D, Cashion N. Distance Management of Spinal Disorders During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond: Evidence-Based Patient and Clinician Guides From the Global Spine Care Initiative. 21 Mar 02; Virtual: CARLOquium 2021. (poster)

24. Pohlman K, Funabashi M. SafetyNET: The continuation of a research program to support a patient safety culture for spinal manipulation therapy. 21 Mar 25; Virtual: ACC-RAC 2021.

25. Funabashi M, Pohlman K, Lee A, Tibbles A, Mior SA, Kawchuk G. Strategies to mitigate benign adverse events for spinal manipulation: exploring clinicians and patients’ perceptions. 21 Mar 25; Virtual: ACC-RAC 2021.

26. Lee A, Funabashi M, Mior SA, Kawchuk G, Pohlman K, Tibbles A. Exploring patient and clinician experiences and beliefs about benign adverse responses to spinal manipulation in chiropractic teaching clinics: a crosssectional survey. 21 Mar 25; Virtual: ACC-RAC 2021.

27. Wang S. Discomfort during setup of side posture hypothenar/ilium push manipulation. 21 Mar 25; Virtual: ACC-RAC 2021.

28. Gleberzon B. Toward the development of a standardized chiropractic technique program. 21 Mar 25; Virtual: ACC-RAC 2021.

29. Funabashi M, De Luca K, Howarth S, Tran S, Starmer D, Kawchuk G. Manipulation force characteristics for older adults using mannequin simulators. 21 Mar 25; Virtual: ACC-RAC 2021. (poster)

30. Kazemi M. A Clinical Trial of the Effect of Manipulative Therapy on Passive and Active Range of Motion of the Painful Hip. 21 Mar 25; Virtual: ACC-RAC 2021. (poster)

31. Kazemi M. Concussion Knowledge Among North American Chiropractors. 21 Mar 25; Virtual: ACC-RAC 2021. (poster)

32. Pagé I, Funabashi M, Mikhail J, Descarreaux M. Assessing forces during spinal manipulation and mobilization: factors influencing the Difference between forces at the patient-table and clinicianpatient interfaces. 21 Mar 25; Virtual: ACC-RAC 2021. (poster)

33. Wang S. The effects of the side bridge exercise on immediate internal rotation range of motion of the hip. 21 Mar 25; Virtual: ACC-RAC 2021. (poster)

34. Starmer D, Hollandsworth D, DeMarco L, Ludwig M, Wynd S, Ridgeway D, Osterbauer P. Risk Management Strategies: Teaching and Learning Spinal Manipulation. 21 Mar 25; Virtual: ACC-RAC 2021. (workshop)

35. Ziegler AM, Coleman B, Funabashi M, Ly V, Roytman G, Evans R, Lisi A, Long C, Vining R. Building Effective Mentoring Relationships. 21 Mar 25; Virtual: ACC-RAC 2021. (workshop)

36. Young JJ. Prevalence of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

Symptoms in Patients from Primary Care Treated for Knee or Hip Osteoarthritis or Low Back Pain. 21 April 29; Virtual: Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) 2021 Virtual World Congress.

37. Wong JJ, Côté P, Tricco AC, Watson T, Rosella LC. The association between back pain and all-cause and premature mortality among adults in Ontario, Canada: A population-based propensity-score matched cohort study. 21 May 19; Virtual: Canadian Association for Health Services and Policy Research (CAHSPR) Annual Conference.

Faculty Presentations: 2021-22

1. Ramji N, Kopansky-Giles D. Hello, how are you? Keeping patients connected during COVID-19. 21 Jun 3; Toronto, ON: U of T DFCM Annual Conference.

2. Dunham S, Petrini V, Starmer D. Comparing the number of failures between a virtual to an in-person OSCE assessment. 21 Jun 26; Virtual: Chiropractic Educators Research Forum – Going Beyond Grades: Online Learning Assessment.

3. Choi G, Starmer D, Dunham S, D'Monte C, Corr B. Optimizing the use of technology to deliver radiographic positioning labs and assess student performance through virtual simulation modules. 21 Jun 26; Virtual: Chiropractic Educators Research Forum – Going Beyond Grades: Online Learning Assessment.

4. Choi G, Starmer D, Dunham S, Petrini V, Lee D, Ross K, D'Monte C. Interactive virtual clinical grand rounds as a method of formative assessment. 21 Jun 26; Virtual: Chiropractic Educators Research Forum – Going Beyond Grades: Online Learning Assessment.

5. Choi G, Starmer D, Dunham S, Petrini V. Collaborative opportunities to develop and share virtual grand rounds formative assessments. 21 Jun 26; Virtual: Chiropractic Educators Research Forum – Going Beyond Grades: Online Learning Assessment. (workshop)

6. Dunham S, Petrini V, Starmer D, Choi G, Whillier S, Byfield D, Mrozek J. Panel: Solutions for Chiropractic Education and Assessment White Paper: Scholarship of Application. 21 Jun 26; Virtual: Chiropractic Educators Research Forum – Going Beyond Grades: Online Learning Assessment.

7. Alexopulos S, Kongsted A, Mior S, Hogg-Johnson S. Tracking clinical care among patients with chronic low back pain: the utility of performance-based measures of physical function and impairment. 21 Sep 23; Virtual: WFC Biennial Congress – Chiropractic for a New Normal.

8. Blanchette MA, Engmark N, Sørensen MM, Mior S, Stochkendahl MJ. Are chiropractors’ characteristics associated with the number of referred patients from general practitioners? A cross-sectional study of Danish chiropractors. 21 Sep 23; Virtual: WFC Biennial Congress – Chiropractic for a New Normal.

9. Briggs A, Kopansky-Giles D. Now More Than Ever: A Global Strategy of Musculoskeletal Health. 21 Sep 23; Virtual: WFC Biennial Congress – Chiropractic for a New Normal.

10. Duarte FCK. Impulse attenuates nociception and oxidative stress in the spinal cord and sciatic nerve of a rat model of neuropathic pain. 21 Sep 23; Virtual: WFC Biennial Congress – Chiropractic for a New Normal.

11. Duarte FCK, Funabashi M, Starmer D, Partata WA, Injeyan HS. Short-term effects of spinal manipulation with different force-magnitudes on blood biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation: A pilot study. 21 Sep 23; Virtual: WFC Biennial Congress – Chiropractic for a New Normal.

12. Gleberzon B. The current and future status of the chiropractic profession: A thematic analysis of interviews of 30 influential stakeholders. 21 Sep 23; Virtual: WFC Biennial Congress – Chiropractic for a New Normal.

13. Holmes M, Funabashi M, Pohlman K, Salsbury S, Mior S. Doing our best for patient safety: a qualitative analysis of provider perspectives from communitybased settings offering spinal manipulative therapy. 21 Sep 23; Virtual: WFC Biennial Congress – Chiropractic for a New Normal.

14. Plener J. Nonoperative treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis with neurogenic claudication. An updated systematic review. 21 Sep 23; Virtual: WFC Biennial Congress – Chiropractic for a New Normal.

15. Pohlman K, Vohra S, Cassidy JD, Kawchuk G, Yager JY, O'Beirne M, Westaway M, Funabashi M, Hill MD, Ibrahim Q, Mior S, Hurwitz E. Supporting a culture of transparency and trust – results of an active surveillance reporting system from spinal manipulation therapy providers. 21 Sep 23; Virtual: WFC Biennial Congress – Chiropractic for a New Normal.

16. Romanelli A, Jacobs C, Atkinson-Graham M, Mior S, Kissel J, Young JJ. GLA:D® at the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College: a description of implementation and participant outcomes. 21 Sep 23; Virtual: WFC Biennial Congress – Chiropractic for a New Normal.

17. Tavares P. Distance management of spinal disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: evidencebased guides from the Global Spine Care Initiative. 21 Sep 23; Virtual: WFC Biennial Congress – Chiropractic for a New Normal.

18. Wang S, Lee A, Duarte FCK, Stilwell P, Budgell B, Hogg-Johnson S. Discomfort, pain and stiffness: what do these terms mean to patients? A cross-sectional survey with lexical and qualitative analysis. 21 Sep 23; Virtual: WFC Biennial Congress – Chiropractic for a New Normal.

19. Weis CA. Best practices recommendations for chiropractic care for pregnant and postpartum patients: results of a consensus process. 21 Sep 23; Virtual: WFC Biennial Congress – Chiropractic for a New Normal.

20. deGraauw C, Edgar M. Factors associated with recording the exercise vital sign (EVS) in the electronic health records for patients in chiropractic teaching clinics. 21 Sep 23; Virtual: WFC Biennial CongressChiropractic for a New Normal. (poster)

21. Funabashi M, De Luca K, Howarth SJ, Son J, Pecora CG, Tran S, Lee JGB, Kawchuk G. Characterization of thoracic spinal manipulation and mobilization forces in older adults. 21 Sep 23; Virtual: WFC Biennial Congress - Chiropractic for a New Normal. (poster)

22. Kazemi M. Concussion Knowledge Among North American Chiropractors. 21 Sep 23; Virtual: WFC Biennial Congress - Chiropractic for a New Normal. (poster)

23. Kazemi M. A Clinical Crossover Trial of the Effect of Manipulative Therapy on Pain and Range of Motion of the Painful Hip. 21 Sep 23; Virtual: WFC Biennial Congress - Chiropractic for a New Normal. (poster)

24. Lee A. A Delphi study to identify research priorities to inform a research agenda for Canadian sports chiropractors. 21 Sep 23; Virtual: WFC Biennial Congress – Chiropractic for a New Normal. (poster)

25. Murphy T, Funabashi M , Thomas J, Howarth SJ , Tran S, Starmer D. Quantification of forces at the clinician-patient and patient-table interfaces during thoracic spinal manipulation in asymptomatic adults. 21 Sep 23; Virtual: WFC Biennial CongressChiropractic for a New Normal. (poster)

26. Plener J. Discomfort experienced during a standard and modified flexed lumbopelvic manipulation setup position: A two-part randomized crossover study. 21 Sep 23; Virtual: WFC Biennial Congress - Chiropractic for a New Normal. (poster)

27. Romanelli A. Does induced fatigue alter dynamic balance in athletes? A systematic review. 21 Sep 23; Virtual: WFC Biennial Congress – Chiropractic for a New Normal. (poster)

28. Smith A, Kumar V, Cooley J, Ammendolia C, Lee J, Hogg-Johnson S, Mior S. Chiropractic trainees adherence to imaging guidelines and utilization of diagnostic imaging for a new episode of low back pain. 21 Sep 23; Virtual: WFC Biennial Congress –Chiropractic for a New Normal. (poster)

29. Stuber K, To D, Connell G, Sajko S, Mior S, Langweiler M, Dolan G, McCarthy P. Are patient-centred care interventions effective for the management of chronic musculoskeletal conditions in adults? A systematic review. World Federation of Chiropractic 17th Biennial Congress - Chiropractic for a New Normal. 21 Sep 23; Virtual: WFC Biennial Congress – Chiropractic for a New Normal. (poster)

30. Stuber K, Mior S, Langweiler M, Dolan G, McCarthy P. Chiropractic research into patient-centred care: a narrative review of the literature. World Federation of Chiropractic 17th Biennial Congress - Chiropractic for a New Normal. 21 Sep 23; Virtual: WFC Biennial Congress – Chiropractic for a New Normal. (poster)

31. Weis CA. Adverse events from spinal manipulations in the pregnant and postpartum periods: a systematic review and update. 21 Sep 23; Virtual: WFC Biennial Congress – Chiropractic for a New Normal. (poster)

32. Wong JJ, Hogg-Johnson S, Mior S, Bussières AE, French SD. The association between chiropractors’ view of practice and patient- and treatment-level characteristics in Ontario, Canada: A cross-sectional study. 21 Sep 23; Virtual: WFC Biennial CongressChiropractic for a New Normal. (poster)

33. Edgar M, Kopansky-Giles D, Lambert C, Girdhari R, McIsaac W, Miller L, Monteiro R, Schofield L, Abbas SA. Creating an EMR Embedded exercise prescription app for family medicine. 21 October 23; Virtual: Association of Family Health Teams Ontario (AFHTO) Conference (poster)

34. Edgar M, Kopansky-Giles D, Lambert C, Girdhari R, McIsaac W, Miller L, Monteiro R, Schofield L, Abbas SA. An exercise prescription app for family medicine. 21 November 10; Virtual: Family Medicine Forum (FMF) 2021. (poster)

35. Funabashi M, Gorrell LM, Pohlman KA, Bergna A, Heneghan NR. Definition and severity classification for adverse events following spinal and peripheral joint manipulation and mobilization: A scoping review. 21 November 11; Sydney, Australia (Virtual): 17th International Forum for Back and Neck Pain Research in Primary Care.

36. Bussières A, Haldeman S, Nordin M, Hurwitz E, Passmore S, Kopansky-Giles D, Tavares P, Carroll L, Woolf AD, Setlhare V, Mullerpatan R, Johnson M, Fowler M. Identifying spine care needs and perceived barriers to accessing evidence-based spine care in northern Manitoba: A Global Spine Care Initiative (GSCI) Implementation project protocol. 21 November 11; Sydney, Australia (Virtual): 17th International Forum for Back and Neck Pain Research in Primary Care.

37. Shearer HM, Côté P, Hogg-Johnson S, McKeever P, Fehlings DL. Pain trajectories and their association with well-being in children & youth with cerebral palsy. Grandview Kids Research Day. Quick Hit Presentation. Virtual – Oshawa, Canada. Dec. 10, 2021

38. Shearer HM, Côté P, Hogg-Johnson S, McKeever P, Fehlings DL. Identifying short-term pain trajectories in children and youth with cerebral palsy. 21 Nov 15; Toronto, ON (virtual): 16th Annual Bloorview Research Institute Symposium. Quick Hit Presentation.

39. Dunham S, Starmer D, Petrini V, D’Monte C, Choi G. Curricular optimization through mapping the nature, diversity, and complexity of simulated clinical cases. 21 December 4; CERF Preparing for the Future: Diversity in Chiropractic Education.

40. Hammerich K. Incorporation of a cultural competence module into a course in a chiropractic college. 21 December 4; CERF Preparing for the Future: Diversity in Chiropractic Education.

41. Wingrove J, Varatharajan S. Equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) initiatives at the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College: Products of an EDI Committee. 21 December 4; CERF Preparing for the Future: Diversity in Chiropractic Education.

42. Carhee W, Dunham S, Hammerich K, Herman C, Wingrove J, Varatharajan S, Byfield D, Foshee B. Solutions for Chiropractic Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Position Paper: Scholarship of Application. 21 December 4; CERF Preparing for the Future: Diversity in Chiropractic Education.

43. Weis C. Best Practices Recommendations for Chiropractic Care for Pregnant and Postpartum Patients: Results of a Consensus Process. 22 February 10; Las Vegas: Abstracts for Clinical Evidence (ACE). (poster)

44. Weis C, Stuber K, Murnaghan K, Wynd S. Adverse events from spinal manipulations in the pregnant and postpartum periods: a systematic review and update. 22 February 10; Las Vegas: Abstracts for Clinical Evidence (ACE). (poster)

45. Funabashi M, Gorrell LM, Pohlman KA, Bergna A, Heneghan NR. Definition and severity classification for adverse events following spinal and peripheral joint manipulation and mobilization: A scoping review. 22 February 10; Las Vegas: Abstracts for Clinical Evidence (ACE). (poster)

46. De Luca K, Hogg-Johnson S, Funabashi M, Mior S, French S. Older patients who present to chiropractors in Australia and Canada: Who are they and what conditions do they present with? 22 February 10; Las Vegas: Abstracts for Clinical Evidence (ACE). (poster)

47. Funabashi M, Holmes M, Pohlman K, Salsbury S, O’Beirne M, Vohra S, Mior S. “Doing our best for patient safety”: a qualitative study with spinal manipulative therapy providers in community-based settings. 22 February 10; Las Vegas: Abstracts for Clinical Evidence (ACE). (poster)

48. Funabashi M, Wang S, Lee A, Duarte F, Budgell B, Stilwell P, Hogg-Johnson S. Discomfort, pain and stiffness: what do these terms mean to patients? A cross-sectional survey with lexical and qualitative analyses. 22 February 10; Las Vegas: Abstracts for Clinical Evidence (ACE). (poster)

49. Budgell B, Fillery M, Wynd S. Social Network and Lexical Analysis of CARLoquium 2021. 22 March 1; Virtual: CARLoquium. (poster)

50. De Carvlho D, Blanchard A, Skinner I, Frey M. Effect of a ‘Spine Offloading’ Chair Design on Seated Height and Posture. 22 March 1; Virtual: CARLoquium. (poster)

51. Eindhoven E, Lee A, Stilwell P, Mior S. I expected to be pain free - A Qualitative Study Exploring Athletes’ Expectations and Experiences of Care Received by Sports Chiropractors. 22 March 1; Virtual: CARLoquium. (poster)

52. Frey M, Howarth S, De Carvlho D. Do two trunk endurance tests within the same session risk carryover effects? – A pilot study. 22 March 1; Virtual: CARLoquium. (poster)

53. Funabashi M, Breen A, De Carvalho D, Pagé I, Nougarou F, Descarreaux M, Kawchuk G. Force distribution within spinal tissues during posterior to anterior spinal manipulative therapy: a secondary analysis. 22 March 1; Virtual: CARLoquium. (poster)

54. Luu D, Seto R, Deoraj K. Exercise Rehabilitation For Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A Scoping Review. 22 March 1; Virtual: CARLoquium. (poster)

55. Marchand AA, Hogg-Johnson S, Côté P. The moderating role of depressive symptoms on the association between symptoms severity and time to recovery in individuals with grade I-II whiplash-associated disorders. 22 March 1; Virtual: CARLoquium. (poster)

56. Moore C, Wong A, de Luca K, De Carvalho D, Johansson M, Pohlman K, Miller A, Funabashi M, Dougherty P, French S, Adams J, Kawchuk G. The COVID-19 pandemic, evidence-based public health, and chiropractic practice: A survey on impact and response across four continents. 22 February 10; Las Vegas: Abstracts for Clinical Evidence (ACE). (poster)

57. Nim C, Trager RJ, Funabashi M, Lauridsen HH, O'Neill S, Perle S, Kawchuk G. What does spinal manipulative therapy specificity mean to you? An international survey of chiropractors. 22 March 1; Virtual: CARLoquium. (poster)

58. Pohlman KA, Stuber KJ, Monier Z, Browning A, Malaya C, Morales V, Muller R, Palmgren P, Tom L, Eklund A. Exploration of chiropractic students’ motivation toward the incorporation of new evidence on chiropractic maintenance care. 22 March 1; Virtual: CARLoquium. (poster)

59. Southerst D, Bakaa N, Côté P, Macedo L, Carlesso L, MacDermid J, Mior S. Diversity of the chiropractic profession in Canada: A cross-sectional survey of Canadian Chiropractic Association members. 22 March 1; Virtual: CARLoquium. (poster)

60. Vella S, Swain M, Downie A, Howarth S, Funabashi M, Engel R. The relationship between induced leg length inequality and pelvis rotation: A pre and post measurement study. 22 March 1; Virtual: CARLoquium. (poster)

61. Wong A, Funabashi M, Macedo L. Prevalence and incidence of non-specific chronic low back pain and associated risk factors in community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 22 February 10; Las Vegas: Abstracts for Clinical Evidence (ACE). (poster)

62. Wong JJ, Hogg-Johnson S, Bussières A, French S, Mior S. The association between chiropractors’ view of practice and patient encounter-level characteristics in Ontario, Canada: a cross-sectional study. 22 March 1; Virtual: CARLoquium. (poster)

63. Young JJ, Csiernik B, Smith A, Plener J, Tibbles A. Intervention usage for the management of low back pain in a chiropractic teaching clinic. 22 March 1; Virtual: CARLoquium. (poster)

64. Young KJ, Aspinall SL, Axén I, Børsheim C, Gliedt JA, Hondras MA, Mior S, Nash J, Ricci M, Shurr J. CIRCuit: Recruiting for a new international chiropractic practicebased research network. 22 March 1; Virtual: CARLoquium. (poster)

65. Shearer HM, Côté P, Hogg-Johnson S, McKeever P, Fehlings DL. Short-term Pain Trajectories and their Association with Physical and Psychological Wellbeing in Children and Youth with Cerebral Palsy. 22 Mar 5 Virtual – Melbourne, Australia: Combined 11th Australian Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine and the 3rd International Alliance of Academies of Childhood Disability Conference.

66. Briggs A, Woolf A, Huckel Schneider C, Jordan J, Paarambath S, Young J, Sharma S, Kopansky-Giles D, Mishrra S, Akesson K, Dreinhoefer K, Betteridge N, Joshipura M, March L. Development of a global strategy to strengthen health systems for prevention and management of musculoskeletal health. 22 March 24; Berlin, Germany (Virtual): World Congress on Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (WCO-IOF-ESCEO Congress). March 24, 2022. (poster)

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