CMAM Activity Report 2016 - 2018 by CMAM

CENTRO DE MICRO-ANÁLISIS DE MATERIALES

ACTIVITY REPORT 2016 - 2018

"A la Memoria de nuestro colega y amigo Jaime Narros Fernández, por todo y por tanto. Y aunque no estés, estás ..."

© 2019 CENTRO DE MICRO-ANÁLISIS DE MATERIALES. All rights reserved. Centro de Micro-Análisis de Materiales C/ Faraday nº 3 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, España Tel: (+ 34) 91 497 36 21, Fax (+34) 91 497 36 23 cmam@uam.es www.cmam.uam.es Editors: Miguel Ángel Ramos Ruiz and Jorge Álvarez Echenique Graphic design and layout: Jorge Álvarez Echenique We’d like to thank the contributors who have participated in this publication: Marta Clement, Aurelio Climent Font, Miguel Crespillo Almenara, Patricia Galán Montano, Mª José García Borge, Nuria Gordillo García, Carolina Gutierrez Neira, Miguel Manso Silván, Abdennacer Nakbi, José Olivares Villegas, Rafael Pérez Casero, José Emilio Prieto de Castro, Fatima Romero Rojo, Fernando José Sanchez Sanz, Inmaculada Sierra Martos, Mª Teresa Villaroel Aparicio, Mª Dolores Ynsa Alcalá. Printing: Priority Comunicación

CONTENTS 04

Foreword

1. About CMAM 1.1. History of the CMAM 1.2. Personnel (2016 - 2018)

2. Accelerator and Beamlines 2.1. Accelerator 2.2. Ion sources 2.3. Beam extension lines 2.4. Beamtime distribution and ion beam statistics 2.5. Complementary facilities

3. Scientific Research 3.1. Selected scientific reports 3.2. Research colaboration 3.3. Publications 3.4. Conferences 3.5. Research project involving CMAM members 3.6. PhD Theses 3.7. MsC Theses 3.8. Undergraduate students

108

4. Outreach Activities 4.1. Accelerator for the youngest: Summer Scientific Campus 4.2. Open days at CMAM 4.3. Guided visits 4.4. Courses and masters 4.5. Dissemination and publications on social networks

FOREWORD

his is the eight issue of the Centro de Micro-Análisis de Materiales (CMAM) activity report. In this case, it is reporting for a period of three years. The 2016-2018 period summarised in this document has been a period of light and shadows. Working conditions and scientific atmos phere after the first decade (celebrated the 23rd of March 2013) were promising, with a continuously growing scientific production and facility development. The Centre even managed to get on February 23rd 2012 the ISO9001 Quality Assurance certification for the delivery of beamtime to users. However, the economic crisis started in 2009 affected strongly research budgets, in particular since 2012 on, and produced severe cuts in budget and projects that dragged the growth of the facility. CMAM witnessed a strong reduction of technical and scientific personnel (PhD students, post-docs), making, for instance, impossible to maintain the Quality Management System for the delivery of the beams. The previous director, Alessandro Zucchiatti –who run the facility for seven years–, left the centre by the end of 2016. I am sure that he worked hard and spared no effort to

maintain the level of CMAM and to procure the growth of opportunities that CMAM deserved and required. I would like to express my gratitude to him. For a period of several months, from January to October 2017, CMAM was run by an internal committee led by Jose Emilio Prieto –a Ramon y Cajal tenure scientist who joined CMAM in 2013– and Ana Caro –a member of the University managing staff. José Emilio already was the deputy director and beam coordinator of CMAM since 2015. He continued at the centre until October 2018, when he got a permanent position at the Spanish Research Council (CSIC) and joined the Instituto de Química Física “Rocasolano” shifting slowly into the user side. In parallel, the Rectorate was actively seeking for a full time Director of the centre and launched a working group during the academic year 2017/18. This experts committee had the commitment to advise the Rectorate on the initiatives that would allow for an optimal use and sustainable growth of the CMAM facility, stablishing a scientific and technical model of the centre according to the given circumstances. The committee comprised Gastón García López (from ALBA), Enrique García Michel (from UAM), Ángel Ibarra Sánchez (from CIEMAT), Mi-

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Foreword

guel Manso Silván (from UAM), Luis Viña Liste (from UAM) and myself.

organization, CSIC– while a new Director was selected.

The final report prepared for the Rectorate was finished in July 2018. The first message was that the committee was convinced of the great relevance of this infrastructure for the Spanish and international communities. Its importance is mainly due to its unique energy range and the large number of experimental lines with very different permanent setups –including the combined use of MeV energy ions and highpower lasers–, and covering domains from nuclear physics to material science and life science.

I have to thank the personnel that happily welcomed me. They made me to feel at home, they have proactively endorsed the mission of the Centre. Plenty of ideas have been proposed with enthusiasm in order to improve the running of the facility and the welcoming of users. In addition, there has been a great interest in promoting the facility for the public, including dissemination talks and the successful organization of a “Escape room” activity that will be repeated this year during the “Semana de la Ciencia”.

The committee considered that the mission of the CMAM should be articulated around four pillars: 1) The reliable operation of the accelerator and the beamlines, as well as a continuous development and upgrade of the instrumentation to keep the accelerator and experimental setups competitive and up-to-date. 2) The fostering of its own lines of research articulated around the use of techniques involving the accelerated ions provided by the facility. 3) The provision of service to external users and companies interested in the techniques provided by the facility. 4) The development of a training program in ion beam related techniques, profiting from the infrastructure of the faci lity and the fact that CMAM is located in a University Campus.

The personnel at CMAM is very aware of the importance of the Centre for the scientific community and that the component of service should be strong. The technical and scientific teams know that to stay on the track of the development and innovation depends on us and on our ability to collaborate, joining efforts and knowledge to boost our strengths, and open new research lines. In this endeavour, I feel the full support of the CMAM personnel as well as that of the Vicerrector for Research, José Manuel Gonzalez Sancho, on behalf of the Rectorate. I would like to thank them all for the efforts they are making to recover the CMAM standards. Considering the progress already done I augur the CMAM an important expansion in research lines, users, personnel and scientific success.

The most urgent recommendation of the committee was the search for a new director. In order to facilitate the work and boost the facility, in September 2018 UAM entrusted the scientific and technical coordination to me –with the permission of my

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Foreword

Mª José García Borge CMAM Director

01. A bout

cmam

1.1. HISTORY OF CMAM

he Centre for Micro-Analysis of Materials (CMAM) is a research infrastructure belonging to the "Universidad Autónoma de Madrid" (UAM). It is part of the research axis “Nanoscience and Advanced Materials” of the CEI UAM+CSIC, a campus of international excellence established in 2009 jointly by the UAM and the "Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas" (CSIC). Its main tool is an electrostatic ion accelerator that, in 2002, was the first in the world to reach 5MV with a coaxial Cockcroft-Walton acceleration system. CMAM’s mission is to conduct cutting edge research in key areas of application of ion beam techniques, such as: Materials Science in general, Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Magnetism, Nanotechnology, Environmental Science, Biology and Biomedicine, Nuclear Physics, Materials for Energy Production, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage. We also aim at spreading the ion beam techniques to the scientific and technological communities of Spain as well as to the business community and society as a whole. As a university centre we also provide advanced technological support to teaching and training activities, at various academic levels and both within national and international schemes. CMAM is the result of a project financed through the FEDER program and managed from July 1998 until the official inauguration on March 23rd 2003, by a Committee

chaired by Prof. Fernando Agulló López, assisted by an Advisory Committee formed by outstanding Spanish scientific and academic community members. The experimental equipment consists of the tandem accelerator, provided with two sources: a plasma source for gaseous substances and a sputtering source for obtai ning practically any element of the periodic table from a solid target. It is completed by several extension beramlines (detailed in the report), specialized for various application areas and by a set of ancillary equipments (micro-analytical techniques, sample preparation). The advanced construction parameters of the accelerator confers it characteristics among the most competitive as regards: deliverable ion range, achievable energy from 0.8 to 50 MeV, accuracy and stability of energy setting, fast operations and easy maintenance. There is an external advisory committee, composed of six international scientists renowned in the research areas covered by the CMAM, appointed and chaired by the Vice Chancellor for Research of UAM. CMAM is a fully open infrastructure: the instrumentation and techniques developed are made available also to external researchers to perform studies in different science fields. We are committed to the widest possible collaboration with national and international research institutions.

Activity Report 2016-2018 | About CMAM

1.2. PERSONNEL DIRECTOR:

García Borge, Mª José (from September 2018) Caro Muñoz, Ana (January September 2017) Zucchiatti , Alessandro (until December 2016)

DEPUTY DIRECTOR:

Prieto de Castro, José Emilio (until August 2018)

ADMINISTRATION HEAD :

Renes Olalla, Beatriz (until September 2018) Aparicio Villarroel, María Teresa Granados Simón, Ana (until September 2018) Sierra Martos, Inmaculada

PURCHASING AND ADMINISTRATION :

Llorente Ruiz, Juana (from September 2018)

SCIENTIFIC STAFF HEAD :

García Borge, Mª José (from September 2018) Zucchiatti , Alessandro (until December 2016) Agulló López, Fernando (Honorary member. Former CMAM director) Climent Font, Aurelio (Honorary member. Former CMAM director) Gordillo García, Nuria (UAM) Martín y Marero, David (UAM) Olivares Villegas, José (IO-CSIC) Pérez Casero, Rafael (UAM) Prieto de Castro, José Emilio (IQFR CSIC researcher from August 2018) Ramos Ruiz, Miguel Ángel (UAM) Redondo Cubero, Andrés (UAM) Torres Costa, Vicente (UAM) Ynsa Alcalá, Mª Dolores (UAM)

TECHNICAL DIVISION

Joco, Víctor Galán Montano, Patricia Gutiérrez Neira, Carolina (from May 2017) Álvarez Echenique, Jorge Maira Vidal, Aránzazu (until December 2018)

Activity Report 2016-2018 | About CMAM

Nakbi, Abdennacer Narros Fernández, Jaime (until November 2016) Rodríguez Nieva, Antonio J. Rojas Páez , Mary Carmen (until June 2018) INDIVIDUAL CHARGES WORK SAFETY COORDINATOR:

Fernández Ampuero, J. Miguel (until December 2017)

RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION:

Gutiérrez Neira, Carolina (from March 2018) Maira Vidal, Aránzazu (until March 2018)

QUALITY MANAGER:

Fernández Ampuero, J. Miguel (until December 2017)

STUDENTS

PhD STUDENTS:

Bachiller Perea, Diana (until June 2016) Tormo Márquez, Victoria

MASTER STUDENTS

Cañas , Jesús De Hita Fernández, Mª Jimena Cabrera Gallardo, Alejandro

UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS:

Bastien Vrecourt

VISITORS

Prof. Mark Breese, Center for Ion Beam Applications (CIBA),National University of Singapore 14-17 March 2016 Dra. Minqin Ren, Center for Ion Beam Applications (CIBA), National University of Singapore 6-14 March 2018 Dra. Minqin Ren, Center for Ion Beam Applications (CIBA), National University of Singapore 5-16 December 2018

Activity Report 2016-2018 | About CMAM

SCIENTIFIC STAFF

Mª José García Borge Director of CMAM IEM-CSIC, Scientific director of ISOLDE

José Olivares Villegas IO-CSIC Researcher

Alessandro Zucchiatti CMAM Director until December 2016

Aurelio Climent Font Honorary staff and Former CMAM Director

Fernado Agullo López Professor Emeritus and Former CMAM Director

José E. Prieto de Castro CMAM Deputy Director until August 2018

Miguel Ángel Ramos UAM Professor

Mª Dolores Ynsa Alcalá UAM Professor

IQFR-CSIC Researcher

Rafael Pérez Casero UAM Professor

Vicente Torres Costa UAM Professor

Andrés Redondo Cubero Nuria Gordillo García Ramón y Cajal Researcher UAM Assistant Professor

Activity Report 2016-2018 | About CMAM

TECHNICAL STAFF

Víctor Joco Research & Development engineer

Abdennacer Nakbi Technical support engineer

Aranzazu Maira Vidal Technical support engineer and Supervisor of radiological protection until March 2018

Jorge Álvarez Echenique IT support technician, web development, communication and Outreach

Antonio Rodriguez Nieva Accelerator technician

Jaime Narros Fernández Accelerator technician until November 2016

Carolina Gutiérrez Neira External microberam responsible and Supervisor of radiological protection

Mª Carmen Rojas Paez Laboratory Technician until June 2018

Patricia Galán Montano External users technical support assistant

Activity Report 2016-2018 | About CMAM

ADMINISTRATION

Beatriz Renes Olalla Head of Administration division until September 2018

Ana Granados Simón Administration assistant until September 2018

Inmaculada Sierra Martos Reception desk assistant

Teresa Aparicio Villaroel Reception desk assistant

José Miguel Fernández Ampuero Quality Manager and Work safety coordination until December 2017

Activity Report 2016-2018 | About CMAM

PhD STUDENTS

Diana Bachiller Perea PhD Student until June 2016 Thesis defended on 21th June 2016

Activity Report 2016-2018 | About CMAM

Victoria Tormo Mรกrquez PhD Student

0 2. A ccelerator and beamlines

2.1. ACCELERATOR

he main facility of our center is a 5MV terminal voltage tandem accelerator. It was designed and constructed by High Voltage Engineering Europe (HVEE) as the first Coaxial High Current Tandetron Accelerator of MV using the Cockroft Walton power supply system (previously, terminal voltages were never higher than 3 MV with this system and the power supply itself was perpendicular to the acceleration stage). This novel design guarantees a more reli able operation, low ripple and high stability at a terminal voltage of 5 MV, allowing for a better energy ion determination and, there fore, higher confidence in experimental results. This type of accelerator is the best suited for Ion Beam Analysis techniques ap

plied to Materials Science, Archaeometry, Environmental Science, etc.., but also Posi tron Emission Tomography (PET), deep level lightion implants in semiconductors, or accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) of various elements. Tandem accelerators differ from singleend ed in two mayor points. For the same termi nal voltage the ions accelerated in the first type can achieve much more energy, since they are accelerated twice, once to the ter minal voltage itself and another, after nega tive to positive charge exchange, till the end of the accelerator. The charge exchange is obtained by stripping of electrons when ions cross a well defined region at the ter minal, which is filled with high purity ni trogen gas.

General diagram of the acceleration system

The second important difference is that neg ative ions, which are more difficult to ob tain, need to be injected at the beginning of the acceleration process. On the other hand, ion sources can be placed out of the accelera tor tank, allowing for an easier maintenance and selection of the desired ion species.

At CMAM there are two ion sources, spu ttering and duoplasmatron, are used to pro vide almost any element from Hydrogen to Bismuth.

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

2.2. ION SOURCES

Duosplasmatron Source (358 source)

he Duoplasmatron source (model HVEE3 8) is a gas source mainly de voted for producing He and H.

In the Model 3 8 Duoplasmatron, a two stage discharge is involved in the generation of the ion beam. The first discharge is sus tained by the thermionic electron emission from a filament (cathode). An intermediate electrode acts as the anode for the first dis charge and is equipped with an aperture in its center. The discharge is guided through the axial magnetic field in the aperture into the second discharge chamber. The second discharge is maintained between the inter mediate electrode, which now acts as a cath ode, and the main anode. The strong axial magnetic field generated in this region con fines the plasma into a small volume, and is responsible for the high plasma density. The ions from the second discharge ow

Scheme of 358 Duoplasmatron Source

through the anode aperture into the extrac tion region. Duoplasmatron source can be configured to produce both, negative and positive ions. H can be directly obtained from the source, with currents of few tens of microamps. However, the process is not so efficient for producing He . Then, the source is operated in "positive mode", i.e. He ions are produ ced. After being extracted from the source, He ions are injected into a Lithium charge exchange canal. Inside this canal, Li vapour exchange electrons with He beam, becom ing this negative. Duoplasmatron source produces typically hundreds of microamps of He . The efficiency of Lithium canal is around 2% giving as a result a few micro amps of He at the entrance of the accelera tor.

View of 358 Duoplasmatron Source

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

Negative Sputter Ion Source (860 source)

he negative sputter ion source (model HVEE860) is able to produce negative ion beams from solid sputter targets. The ions are produced by bombardment of the target with Caesium ions, which is co vered also with a Caesium thin layer as a re sult of condensation of the vapour onto the cooled target surface. The sputtered atoms interchange electrons with Cs when they pass trough this layer, becoming negative ions. Since negative ions are produced di rectly, it’s not necessary to use an additional setup like the Lichannel. The negative ions are then repelled towards the extraction

Sc eme o

region, while the secondary electrons pro duced in collisions are eliminated from the negative beam by means of a permanent magnetic field For certain species (e.g. Nitrogen), it is not possible to obtain negative ions, due to its negative electron affinity. Then, a molecular beam (e.g. H ) is created, injected and ac celerated until the terminal electrode, where is broken thanks to collisions with the same gas used for stripping electrons. The posi tive ion ( in our example) is, then, nor mally accelerated in the second stage.

erin Ion So rce

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

ie o

erin Ion So rce

2.3. BEAM EXTENSION LINES

The Standard Multipurpose line (STD) Responsible scientist: Rafael P rez Casero

he STD beamline is mainly devoted to High Energy Ion Spectrometry. Specifically, Rutherford Backscatter ing Spectrometry (RBS) and Elastic Recoil Detection and Analysis (ERDA) experi ments are frequently carried out. The line is located at 30 with respect to the accelerator axis. The beam can be measured and managed by means of two Faraday cups and two collimating slits. The sample hold er is mounted on a goniometer that permits to position the samples and to orient them with respect to the incident beam, so ran

dom and channelling experiments can be performed. The sample holder can be moni tored by a small camera. Two solid state detectors can be used for ion collection. A fixed detector is located at 170 with respect to the incident beam and a movable detector can be positioned at any angle with respect to the incident beam. Foils and slits can be located in front of the movable detector. A nonpermanent set up (optical and infrared cameras and viewports) can be fitted to the vacuum chamber in order to perform iono luminescence measurements.

Full view of the standard beamline

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

Interior ie o t e standard eam ine c am er

View of the standard beamline chamber

A new set up that will permit to perform Particle Induce Ray Emission (P.I. .E.) has been implemented into the vacuum chamber. A new fourchannel acquisition

system based on an ultrafast multipara meter multichannel analyser has been de veloped and implemented and it is currenly being tested.

New acquisition system

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

eri en s er or ed in he eriod Proposal Title

on ser A lia ion

Nº Shifts

Exp. Code

Oxides for photovoltaic solar cells

R. P rez, CMAM, UAM

STD002/16

RBS analysis of Al2O3/Ag multila yer coatings grown by DC magne tron sputtering

R. Gago, IMM, CSIC

STD003/16

Characterization of targets for PIGE experiments

A. Zucchiatti, CMAM, UAM

STD004/16

Oxides for photovoltaic solar cells

R. P rez, CMAM, UAM

STD00 /16

RBS experiments on CdTe thin films A. Climent, CMAM, UAM and iron oxide nanoparticles

STD006/16

RBS analysis for Ce doped Al thin films prepared by PVD method

A. Giba, Institut Jean Lamour, Universit de Lorraine

STD008/16

Oxides for photovoltaic solar cells

R. P rez, CMAM, UAM

STD009/16

RBS analysis of hexagonal TiAl compounds: optical properties of Tidoped wAl

R. Gago, IMM, CSIC

STD010/16

COMMISSIO I G: Exploration of the possible use of bismuth ion beams as a function of energy and charge state

M. A. Ramos, CMAM, UAM

STD011/16

Oxides for photovoltaic solar cells

R. P rez, CMAM, UAM

STD013/16

RBS characterization of thin films and bilayers of spinel oxides

P. Prieto, UAM

STD014/16

RBS and IL on archaeological luster ceramics shards

A. Climent, CMAM, UAM

STD01 /16

Oxides for photovoltaic solar cells

R. P rez, CMAM, UAM

STD016/16

FeCr alloys irradiation by H ion beam for studying the in uence of a I. Garcia, CIEMAT magnetic field in M ssbauer spec tra.

STD018/16

Commisioning for the intallation of a PIXE detector in the standard beam line.

A. Climent, CMAM, UAM

STD020/16

Oxides for photovoltaic solar cells

R. P rez, CMAM, UAM

STD021/16

Bi beam comissioning

V. Joco, CMAM, UAM

STD024/16

Commisioning for the intallation of a PIXE detector in the standard beam line.

A. Climent, CMAM, UAM

STD026/16

W quantification in WB4C compo sites

C. Prieto, CSIC

STD027/16

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

Proposal Title

ser A lia ion

Nº Shifts

Exp. Code

Commissioning: Operation of the improved software ACQ.

P. Galán, UAM, CMAM

STD029/16

Simultaneous RBSPI E experi ments on CdTe thin films

A. Climent, CMAM, UAM

STD001/17

Oxygen Blocking in Solar Selective Coatings

C. Prieto, CSIC

STD002/17

Evaluation of the thickness of a cop per coating onto reinforced polymer S. De Juan, UC3M substrate

STD003/17

Oxides for photovoltaic solar cells

R. P rez, CMAM, UAM

STD004/17

Comissioning linea STD

R. P rez, CMAM, UAM

STD00 /17

ACC comissioning

V. Joco, CMAM, UAM

STD006/17

RBS characterization of Ti thin films and Fe3O4/Ti and iFe2O4/ Ti bilayers on Si(100).

P. Prieto, UAM

STD007/17

RBS analysis of molybdenum silicide thin films: towards phase segregated microstructures

R. Gago, IMM, CSIC

STD008/17

Characterization Luster ceralics and modern Ely cathdreal glasses

A. Climent, CMAM, UAM

STD010/17

Oxides for photovoltaic solar cells

R. P rez, CMAM, UAM

STD011/17

Comissioning linea STD

R. P rez, CMAM, UAM

STD012/17

Estudio computacional y mediante t cnicas IBA de algunas propie dades de las fibras de carbono para el almacenamiento de hidrógeno como combustible limpio.

D. M. Marero, CMAM, UAM

STD013/17

Caracterización de recubrimientos solares selectivos para captadores de energía termosolar

J.E. Prieto, CMAM, UAM

STD014/17

Behaviour of hydrogenic ions within the damaged structure of a BB sample

M. González, CIEMAT

STD01 /17

RBS and channeling measure ments in Bi2Te3 films with different phases.

A. Climent, CMAM, UAM

STD016/17

Oxides for photovoltaic solar cells

R. P rez, CMAM, UAM

STD018/17

Comissioning linea STD

R. P rez, CMAM, UAM

STD019/17

Doble irradiation at room tempera ture for studying the implication of magnetism in fusion material da mage. (continuation)

I. Garcia, CIEMAT

STD021/17

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

Proposal Title

ser A lia ion

Nº Shifts

Exp. Code

Doble irradiation at room tempera ture for studying the implication of magnetism in fusion material damage. (continuation)

I. Garcia, CIEMAT

STD022/17

RBS analysis of molybdenum silicide thin films: towards phase segregated microstructures

R. Gago, IMM, CSIC

STD023/17

Assessment of the inwafer unifor mity of AlxSc(1x) sputtered films

M. Clement, UPM

STD026/17

Manufacture of Si/PSi cellular subs trates using a silicon ion beam

M. D. nsa, CMAM, UAM

STD027/17

Comissioning linea STD

R. P rez, CMAM, UAM

STD029/17

RBS characterization of thin films of cobalt oxides

J.E. Prieto, CMAM, UAM

STD003/18

Determinación de la cantidad de plata depositada en forma de nano particulas

C. Prieto, CSIC

STD004/18

Low uence irradiation of ntype silicon

M. A. Ramos, CMAM, UAM

STD00 /18

Comissioning linea STD

R. P rez, CMAM, UAM

STD008/18

Composition, thickness and poros ity of MoO (3x) films

A. Climent, CMAM, UAM

STD010/18

Oxides for photovoltaic solar cells

R. P rez, CMAM, UAM

STD011/18

Characterization of the biofunc tionalization layer of a plasmonic biosensor

M. D. nsa, CMAM, UAM

STD012/18

RBS characterization of thin films of cobalt oxides and mixed nickel cobalt oxides

J.E. Prieto, CMAM, UAM

STD013/18

Comissioning linea STD

R. P rez, CMAM, UAM

STD016/18

Oxides for photovoltaic solar cells

R. P rez, CMAM, UAM

STD017/18

Commisioning en la línea STD

C. Gutierrez, CMAM, UAM

STD019/18

Assessment of the inwafer uniform M. Clement, UPM ity of AlxSc(1x) sputtered films

STD020/18

Response of the scintillator dete ctors to the protons generated with both sources, laserdriven and ion accelerators

C. Gutierrez, CMAM, UAM

STD023/18

RBS characterization of thin films of mixed nickel iron and nickel cobalt oxides

J.E. Prieto, CMAM, UAM

STD024/18

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

Proposal Title Commissioning: Estudiar la densi dad de corriente máxima de iones de B en la línea STD

ser A lia ion . Gordillo, CMAM, UAM

Nº Shifts

Exp. Code

STD028/18

Highenergy RBS for carbon quan tification in selfassembled monola yers of alkanethiols on ZnSe sur faces

R. Gago, IMM, CSIC

STD032/18

Commisioning en la línea STD

C. Gutierrez, CMAM, UAM

STD034/18

Response of the scintillator detec tors to the protons generated with both sources, laserdriven and ion accelerators

C. Gutierrez, CMAM, UAM

STD03 /18

RBSc measurements for Low loss optical waveguides fabricated in LiTaO3 by swift heavy ion irradia tion

V. Tormo, CMAM, UAM

STD036/18

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

Time of Flight Beamline (ERDA-ToF) Responsible scientist: Jos Emilio Prieto de Castro

he TimeofFlight (ToF) beamline at CMAM was designed to perform Elas tic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA) experiments with simultaneous detection of the particle’s energy and time of ight. The ERDATOF method is of particular interest in determining the depth profile of light ele ments from the surface region to depths of up to several micrometers.

By the end of 2009, the Time of Flight (ToF) beamline at CMAM was completely assem bled and the first tests were performed in 2010. ToF beamline is located at the 10 port of the first switching magnet at the exit of the accelerator, allowing for work with high mass and low charge state ions. In the beam line, two sets of four independent slits are located in order to define the beam spot on the sample, which is positioned by means of a 3axis goniometer inside the scattering chamber. The incident beam current can be measured continuously during the experi

ment by means of a Transmission Faraday Cup situated at the entrance of the cham ber. A Time of Flight telescope, placed at 40 from the beam, collects the particles, mea suring both energy and time of ight for each particle. To measure the time of ight, two time sta tions are placed inside the telescope. The length of ight between them can be adjust ed, being 42 cm the nominal value. When a particle crosses a time station, a fast signal is generated. This signal is used to feed Fast Preamplifiers and Constant Fraction Dis criminators. A timetoamplitude converter is used to obtain a pulse with a height pro portional to the time of ight between the two detectors. At the end of the telescope, a solid state detector measures the particle energy. Both time and energy signals are re corded in list mode, the amplitude and the time of every event is recorded.

Typical ERDA-ToF spectra

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

Real time or further software treatment al lows determining which events occurred in coincidence, making possible mass determi nation for each detected particle. For heavy particles, energy spectra obtained form time spectra have a much higher resolution than the ones obtained directly from energy de tector.

A silicon drift ray detector ( ETE A AS A) has also been installed and used in se veral experiments.

The beamline has been operative in the pe riod 201618. In addition to the ToF detection telescope, an extension in the direction of forward scattering has been added, which has been used for several experiments which do not require the ToF detector.

Ima e o t e inside o t e ERDA-ToF ana ysis c am er showing the rotatable sample holder

View of the Erda ToF beamline

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

eri en s er or ed in he eriod

Proposal Title

on o

ser A lia ion

Nº Shifts

Exp. Code

Oxidation and aging of Z 3 2 thin films

A.Redondo, CMAM, UAM

TOF 008/1

Commissioning ERDATOF beam line

A. Climent, CMAM, UAM

TOF 011/1

HeavyIon Pixe

J.E. Prieto, CMAM, UAM

TOF 001/16

HeavyIon Pixe (cont.)

J.E. Prieto, CMAM, UAM

TOF 002/16

HeavyIon Pixe (cont.)

J.E. Prieto, CMAM, UAM

TOF 003/16

Novel method for acc. calibration

V. Joco, CMAM, UAM

TOF 004/16

Novel method for acc. calibration (cont.)

V. Joco, CMAM, UAM

TOF 004/16

HeavyIon Pixe

J.E. Prieto, CMAM, UAM

TOF 00 /16

HeavyIon Pixe (cont.)

J.E. Prieto, CMAM, UAM

TOF 001/17

Calib. of detector for HIPI E

J.E. Prieto, CMAM, UAM

TOF 002/17

TOF telescope commissioning

V. Joco, CMAM, UAM

TOF 003/17

Acc. calibration at 970 keV

V. Joco, CMAM, UAM

TOF 003/17

HeavyIon Pixe (cont.)

J.E. Prieto, CMAM, UAM

TOF 004/17

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

Internal Microbeam line (IuB) Responsible scientist: María Dolores nsa Alcalá

MAM’s internal microbeam line sits at 30 , just after the standard cham ber. In this beamline it is possible to work with a particle beam focused to a di ameter of the order of the micrometer and even below. The beam can scan the target in a controlled way to obtain distribution maps or to modify the physical, chemical or structural properties of the sample. These two beam features turn this kind of lines into powerful tools for studies covering quite diverse fields like biomedicine, mate rials science, archaeometry, earth sciences, among other. This microprobe line was built in the Mi croAnalytical Research Centre (MARC, Melbourne). To focus the beam the system uses two sets of slits, a motorized object slits manufactured by Technisches Büro S. Fis cher (Germany) and the recently installed collimator slits, manufactured in Croatia, and five magnetic quadrupole lenses simi lar to the CSIRO–GEMOC system 1, 2 . A magnetic de ector scans the beam through the sample. The samples are positioned in side a vacuum chamber where they can be moved along the x, y, z axes. The reaction chamber is provided with an optical mi croscope to control, at any time, the target area that is irradiated or analysed, as well as several particle detectors, a photodiode and an ray detector. The setup allows equally well the analysis and irradiation of both thin (the beam crosses the sample) and thick tar gets of limited size (not above 1 cm2).

This beamline is particularly suitable to work with high current. At this moment, the beam size is about 1 x 2 m2 for a 2 MeV proton beam with a current of about 700 pA (Figure 1). The maximum scan size for this beam is about 2 0 x 12 0 m2.

PI E C ma o a mes C rid it a itc o µm T e Me roton beam current was about 700 pA.

Although the beam size is not as small as for proton, heavy ions ( , Si, B, C, O) with high current (frequently higher than 00 pA) have also been focused in our microprobe line 3 with a beam size of about x 3 m2 (Figure 2). This fact allows to carry out important experiments of material modification.

RBS C ma s o a

mes C

rid

itc o

µm).

Up to now, it is possible to apply routinely the PI E and RBS techniques and occasion ally PIGE technique to obtain elemental dis tribution maps and the STIMoff technique on thin samples to study the density varia tions. In a closer future, thanks to the new collimator slits, IBIC and STIMon tech niques will be available.

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

1 D. . Jamieson, ucl. Instrum. Meth. B 136 (1998) 1. 2 M.J.J. van den Putte, J.F.J. van den Brand, D. . Jamieson, B. Rout, R. Szymanski, ucl. Instrum. Meth. B 210 (2003) 21. 3 M.D. nsa, M.A. Ramos, . Skukan, V. TorresÂCosta, M. Jak i , ucl. Instr. and Meth. B 348 (201 ) 174.

Views of the internal microbeam line

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

eri en s er or ed in he eriod Proposal Title

on u ser A lia ion

Nº Shifts Exp. Code

Teaching practices of the subject “Nano caracterización de materiales por t cnicas microscópicas” of the master “Materiales Avanzados

M. D. nsa, CMAM, UAM

IuB001/16

Commissioning in the internal microbeam line

M. D. nsa, CMAM, UAM

IuB002/16

Searching for superconductivity in heavily M. A. Ramos, CMAM, borondoped diamond (4) UAM

IuB003/16

High aspect ratio microstructures: Silicon micromachining using ion beam irradia tion

M. D. nsa, CMAM, UAM

IuB004/16

Commissioning: Setting up of a facility for IBIC measurements on the CMAM microprobe

M. D. nsa, CMAM, UAM

IuB00 /16

Searching for superconductivity in heavily M. A. Ramos, CMAM, borondoped diamond ( ) UAM

IuB006/16

Comissioning B

V. Joco, CMAM, UAM

IuB007/16

IMP comissioning

V. Joco, CMAM, UAM

IuB008/16

Teaching practices of the subject “Nano caracterización de materiales por t cnicas microscópicas” of the master “Materiales Avanzados

M. D. nsa, CMAM, UAM

IuB001/17

Commissioning in the internal microbeam line

M. D. nsa, CMAM, UAM

IuB002/17

Searching for superconductivity in heavily M. A. Ramos, CMAM, borondoped diamond (6) UAM

IuB003/17

Commissioning: Boron 4 , 9 MeV.

IuB004/17

Searching for superconductivity in heavily M. A. Ramos, CMAM, borondoped diamond (7) UAM

IuB00 /17

Commissioning to test the new acquisition software to work in the internal micro M. D. nsa, CMAM, UAM beam line

IuB006/17

Hands on the IBA techniques as a promo tional tool amongst high school students

M. D. nsa, CMAM, UAM

IuB007/17

Commissioning: scan coil calibration of cmam internal microbeam line

M. D. nsa, CMAM, UAM

IuB008/17

P. Galán, CMAM, UAM

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

Proposal Title

ser A lia ion

Nº Shifts Exp. Code

Searching for superconductivity in heavily M. A. Ramos, CMAM, borondoped diamond (8) UAM

IuB009/17

Commissioning to test the new acquisition M. D. nsa, CMAM, UAM software to work in the internal micro beam line

IuB010/17

Searching for superconductivity in heavily M. A. Ramos, CMAM, borondoped diamond (9) UAM

IuB011/17

Commissioning in the internal microbeam line

M. D. nsa, CMAM, UAM

IuB012/17

Commisionig of STIMon technique in IuB line

. Gordillo, CMAM, UAM

IuB013/17

Commissioning to test the new acquisition software to work in the internal micro M. D. nsa, CMAM, UAM beam line

IuB014/17

Commissioning to test the new acquisition software to work in the internal micro M. D. nsa, CMAM, UAM beam line

IuB01 /17

Searching for superconductivity in heavily M. A. Ramos, CMAM, borondoped diamond (10) UAM

IuB016/17

Hands on the IBA techniques as a promo tional tool amongst high school students

M. D. nsa, CMAM, UAM

IuB017/17

Teaching practices of the subject “Nano caracterización de materiales por t cnicas microscópicas” of the master “Materiales Avanzados

M. D. nsa, CMAM, UAM

IuB001/18

Hands on the IBA techniques as a promo tional tool amongst high school students

M. D. nsa, CMAM, UAM

IuB009/18

Atherosclerosis study: Elemental concen tration of rabbits arterial tissues

M. D. nsa, CMAM, UAM

IuB010/18

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

External Microbeam line (EuB) Responsible scientist: Carolina Guti rrez

he external microbeam line, known as the EuB, was one of the first exten sion lines installed at CMAM’s acce lerator by 2004. One of the main features of the beamline and its associated experimen tal station is that the accelerated ions can be extracted from vacuum into air, allowing the characterization of materials of virtually any size or shape by means of ion beam ana lytical (IBA) techniques. Conceived mainly to archaeometric studies, the versatility of the noninvasive and non destructive setup at the EuB allow the ana lysis of a variety of materials, such as metal alloys, ceramics, glass, gems, ink drawings, etc. IBA techniques applied at the EuB provide the quantitative determination of the ele mental composition (including trace ele ments) by PI E, PIGE and RA, the thick ness of thin layers and depth concentration profile by RBS and information about trace elements and molecular structure by IBIL.

a helium metry.

eira

ow) positioned in Cornell geo

: Emitted light is transmitted by a quar fibre to an optical spectrometer. Accelerated ion beams are extracted from the vacuum beamline through a 200 nm thick Si membrane. It is possible to use beams with different spot sizes depen ding on the request of the experiment, but in regular operation, beams around 0 m diameter are obtained. A helium stream is applied around the sample to displace the air from atmosphere and to optimize parti cle and photon detection. The acquisition system allows to simultaneously acquire several detectors signal and to remotely control the sample movement and position. Normally, all the IBA techniques can be ap plied directly and simultaneously on the samples at the external beam line therefore, no sample preparation is needed.

rays, emitted after excitation by im pinging accelerated ions, are collected by two Si(Li) detectors located on either side at 4 from the sample surface: The first one, with a resolution of 130 eV and an active area of 10 mm is used for the detection of low energy rays, while the second detec tor with 1 0 eV FWHM, active area of 80 mm and filtered with different absorbers (used to suppress the alpha lines of cer tain element) is employed for high energy ray detection. : Emitted gammarays are collected with two detectors: HPGe and lanthanum bromide. : Backscattered particles are collected with a silicon implanted blind detector (in

P acin t e area o t e sam e to e ana ysed in a E B eam ine experiment.

However, due to the limited penetration of ion beams and the selfabsorption of some

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

emitted signals, these techniques only proÂ vide information of the material layers near the surface (10 to 20 m). Therefore, surface alteration such as patinas or any kind of corrosion layers could give misleading results on the determination of bulk compositions. Acquisition time depends on the sample and the requirements of the analysis (in terms of sensitivity and statistics).

Meas res in t e E B eam ine on t e isi ot ic cross

Detailed view of the silicon nitride window

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

Detailed view of a Hellenistic golden funerary belt

eri en s er or ed in he eriod

Proposal Title

on u

ser A lia ion

Nº Shifts Exp. Code

PIGE on Li and F with protons as an analytic tool.

A. Zucchiatti, CMAM, UAM

EuB001/16

PIGE on Li and F with protons as an analytic tool: continuation

A. Zucchiatti, CMAM, UAM

EuB002/16

PIXE measurements of modern Pig ments2016

A. Zucchiatti, CMAM, UAM

EuB003/16

Characterization Luster ceralics and modern Ely cathdreal glasses

A. Climent, CMAM, UAM

EuB004/16

Puesta a punto de la línea de EuB

A. Maira, CMAM, UAM

EuB007/16

Commissioning: Operation and measure

P. Galán, CMAM, UAM

EuB001/17

Commissioning: Operation and meas urement

P. Galán, CMAM, UAM

EuB002/17

Commisioning of the external micro beam. Part I

C. Gutierrez, CMAM, UAM

EuB003/17

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

Proposal Title

ser A lia ion

Nº Shifts Exp. Code

Commisioning of the external micro beam. Part II

C. Gutierrez, CMAM, UAM

EuB004/17

Analisis de medallas modernas, origina les y copias.

A. J. Canto García, UAM

EuB00 /17

Caracterización por la t cnica PI E de objetos metálicos de diversa procedencia histórica

C. Gutierrez, CMAM, UAM

EuB006/17

Commisioning of the external micro beam

C. Gutierrez, CMAM, UAM

EuB008/17

Caracterización por la t cnica PI E de objetos metálicos de diversa procedencia histórica

C. Gutierrez, CMAM, UAM

EuB009/17

Commisioning: Irradiation of dielectrics in air with heavy ions for optical wave guide fabrication

C. Gutierrez, CMAM, UAM

EuB001/18

Commisioning II: Irradiation of dielec trics in air with heavy ions for optical waveguide fabrication

C. Gutierrez, CMAM, UAM

EuB003/18

Commisioning of the external micro beam

C. Gutierrez, CMAM, UAM

EuB004/18

Commisioning of the external micro beam

C. Gutierrez, CMAM, UAM

EuB00 /18

Commisioning II: Irradiation of dielec trics in air with heavy ions for optical waveguide fabrication

C. Gutierrez, CMAM, UAM

EuB006/18

Mantenimiento y puesta a punto de la línea EuB

C. Gutierrez, CMAM, UAM

EuB007/18

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

Implantation line (IMP) Responsible scientist: Jos Olivares Villegas

he implantation beamline allows to perform homogeneous irradiations/ implantations in large areas, up to 100x100 mm, even for the most restrictive case of H 10 MeV, by means of scanning the beam.

The implantation CMAM beamline is loca ted at 20 (left) with respect to the Tandem accelerator axis, after the second switching magnet. Fig. 5 shows a panoramic view of the entire line with its main elements, name ly the switching magnet, the Faraday cups (FCs), the vacuum valves, the sweep system, and the pumping anges. The irradiation chamber (Fig. 1) is electrically isolated, and it is designed for ultrahigh vacuum (UHV), provided with ConFlat anges (CF), and compatible with loadlock loading of 3 wa fers. The irradiation uence is controlled by measuring the beam current in two different ways. The system, provided in origin by High Voltage Engineering Europa (HVE), consists either of a single FC, located before the vacuum valve, or a combination of four FCs (4FCs), located after the vacuum valve, immediately before the irradiation chamber (Fig. 1 and 4).

cooling ramps in order to vary the sample temperature, from L 2 (196 C) to 600 C, during the irradiations. The sample can be oriented in the chamber from 0 to 90 , with respect to the beam axis, for transfer and on line/in situ characterization. The sample holder is made of copper to favour a uniform temperature gradient. Additionally, the beamline is provided with an InfraTec VarioCAM thermographic ca mera, to insitu study the distribution on the surface sample temperature during the irradiations. Several optical techniques for insitu measurements are available: re ec tance and transmittance and ellipsometry, all in the broad range UVVIS.

There is a cryostat/furnace designed at the CMAM and fabricated by TRI OS Vacu um, that allows modifying the heating and ea

ener

Fig.1. The irradiation chamber of implantation beamline

de rader acili

A new experimental station was installed at Implantation beamline in 2016 conducted by the ational Fusion Laboratory (CIEMAT) within the TechnoFusion Project for fusion technology development. It is located along the line, after the electrostatic beam sweep system of HVE and before the original irra diation chamber (Figure 4a). Many applica tions of linear accelerators require varying the beam energy in an experimental beam

line without changing accelerator settings. In this context, a multi foil (variable thick ness) beam energy degrader provides a fast, reliable and reproducible way of setting the beam energy, obtaining a uniform damage and implantation profile for both, heavy and light ions. The new vacuum chamber installed at the implantation line of the CMAM counts with a degrader prototype consisting in a disc with a diameter of 120

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

mm (Fig. 2), which rotates at a thousand revolutions per minute to avoid foil melting under high current beam irradiation. On the outside the disc has 9 aluminum foils of different thicknesses to achieve an energy sweep from maximum energy absorption (thicker foils) and minimum energy of the ions to minimum energy absorption of the primary ion beam (thinner foils). The tenth window is free to let the ion beam pass with out any energy mitigation. The aluminum foil thicknesses chosen for this prototype were 6 to 0 microns for H and He ions and 0.8 to 4 microns for heavier ions like Fe. A watercooled motorized ferro uid feed through has been chosen with its rotation controller for installation in the specific irradiation chamber of the beam degrader. The controller is able to maintain constant rotation at 1,000 rpm and to stop the wheel in the open blade position to avoid foil damage. The vacuum chamber has been designed and manufactured to house pro perly the degrader wheel, the sample holder itself and its diagnostics. The necessary set of vacuum pumps and gauges for the de ini ensile

achine or s rainin sa

Um re a s a ed ee o t e eam ener y degrader prototype

grader chamber has been also installed in the line. Proper butter y and venting valves were also installed in the vacuum chamber to avoid foil damage during the first stages of chamber air evacuation and venting. The vacuum chamber is equipped with an XYZ motorized sample holder for multi sample experiments. This sample holder includes also an oven specially designed to operate at controlled temperature in the range be tween room temperature and 600 C (Figure 4b4c).

les under irradia ion

The new vacuum chamber and the beam energy degrader mounted on the implanta tion line of CMAM irradiation facility also allow the implementation of innovative techniques for material research. In this case we have installed a microtensile test module (Fig. 3) inside the vacuum chamber in order to carry out mechanical strain/stress tests of materials under irradiation or irradiate structural materials (Fe, Cu, steel), while the sample is submitted to a constant stress. The chamber base shown above and holding the XYZ sample holder can be easily changed by a new one with the microtensile module installed and connected with the proper Fis cher feedthrough. Especial connectors are also incorporated for temperature measure ments (thermocouple and oven) during the tests. 44

Microtensi e test mod e mo nted in t e vacuum chamber base

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

Fi a ac m c am er, sam e o der o en o eratin in ac view with the degrader wheel and powered sample holder.

m at

C and c

m c am er to

ulsed s aser in raes ruc ure A femtosecond pulsed laser (Spectra PhyÂ sics, Solstice ACE model, regenerative amÂ plifier) is installed next to the implantation chamber (see top panoramic view in Fig. 5)

with the main objective of researching on new avenues of material processing exploiÂ ting the synergy of combining both types of irradiations (ion and laser).

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

The main laser characteristics are: delivers 100 fs pulses of 6mJ/pulse, at 1 kHz repeti tion rate, at 800 nm wavelength. There is also an additional external wavelength con version module to generate pulses at 400 or 266 nm wavelengths, as desired. With suit able optomechanics (and security tubing)

the laser beam is directed towards the im plantation chamber through one of the silica windows. Experiments based on standard laser processing alone are also possible in the available space in the large optical table installed.

Panoramic ie s o t e im antation ine and

sed aser a ac ment

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

eri en s er or ed in he eriod Proposal Title

on ser A lia ion

Nº Shifts

Exp. Code

Ion damage assessment and optical waveguide formation in ferroelectric LiTaO3

V. Tormo, CMAM, UAM

IMP001/16

Fabrication of high contrast optical wave guides in W using swift heavy ion irradiation

J. Olivares, CMAM, UAM

IMP002/16

Ion damage assessment and optical wave V. Tormo, CMAM, UAM guide formation in ferroelectric LiTaO3

IMP003/16

Fabrication of high contrast optical wave guides in W using swift heavy ion irradiation

J. Olivares, CMAM, UAM

IMP004/16

Dislocation loop formation in pure Fe at DEMO relevant conditions

B. GómezFerrer, CMAM CIEMAT

IMP00 /16

Waveguides and ion cut in by proton implantation

J. Olivares, CMAM, UAM

IMP007/16

Damage assesment and optical wave guide formation in ferroelectric LiTaO3

V. Tormo, CMAM, UAM

IMP008/16

Integrated optic devices for astrophysical applications

J. Olivares, CMAM, UAM

IMP009/16

Damage assesment and optical wave guide formation in ferroelectric LiTaO3

V. Tormo, CMAM, UAM

IMP010/16

Self ion irradiation on FeUHP

P. Fernandez, CIEMAT

IMP011/16

Comissioning: solving charge control IMP P. Galan, CMAM beamline

IMP012/16

Feion irradiation to emulate neutronic damage on UHPFe

D. Jimenez, CIEMAT

IMP013/16

Fabrication of high contrast optical wave guides in W using swift heavy ion irradiation

J. Olivares, CMAM, UAM

IMP014/16

Ion damage assessment and optical waveguide formation in ferroelectric LiTaO3

V. Tormo, CMAM, UAM

IMP01 /16

The effect of displacement damage and temperature on the trapping of deute rium implanted into SiC and Alumina

I. Garcia, CIEMAT

IMP016/16

Installation of an energy beam degrader

F. Sanchez, CIEMAT

IMP018/16

Irradiation experiments with the beam energy degrader

F. Sanchez, CIEMAT

IMP019/16

W crystals

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

Proposal Title

ser A lia ion

Nº Shifts

Exp. Code

Proposal for beam time at CMAM Title: The effect of displacement damage and I. Garcia, CIEMAT temperature on the trapping of deuterium implanted into SiC and Alumina (Cont.)

IMP020/16

Irradiation experiments with the beam energy degrader II

F. Sanchez, CIEMAT

IMP001/17

Material irradiation at high temperature for studying the implication of magne tism in damage. (continuation)

I. Garcia, CIEMAT

IMP002/17

Fabrication of high contrast optical wave guides in W using swift heavy ion irradiation

J. Olivares, CMAM, UAM

IMP003/17

Irradiation experiments with the beam energy degrader III

F. Sanchez, CIEMAT

IMP004/17

Commisioning: IMP getting the beam without the support of the PLC

V. Joco, CMAM, UAM

IMP00 /17

Damage assessment in ferroelectric Li bO3/LiTaO3: electrical measurements

V. Tormo, CMAM, UAM

IMP006/17

Ion damage assessment and optical wave V. Tormo, CMAM, UAM guide formation in ferroelectric LiTaO3

IMP007/17

Irradiation experiments with the beam energy degrader IV

F. Sanchez, CIEMAT

IMP008/17

Irradiation experiments with the beam energy degrader V

F. Sanchez, CIEMAT

IMP009/17

Irradiation experiments with the beam energy degrader VI

F. Sanchez, CIEMAT

IMP010/17

Eurofer 97 irradiation with Fe selfions

F. Sanchez, CIEMAT

IMP011/17

Feion irradiation to emulate neutronic damage on UHPFe

D. Jimenez, CIEMAT

IMP012/17

Damage assesment and optical wave guide formation in ferroelectric LiTaO3

V. Tormo, CMAM, UAM

IMP013/17

Campus de Excelencia internacional UAMCSIC: Cambiar las propriedades V. Tormo, CMAM, UAM optica de la materia usando un acelerador de iones

IMP014/17

Modification of metallic nanorods irra diated with swift heavy ions

J. Olivares, CMAM, UAM

IMP01 /17

Campus Científicos de Verano 2017

V. Tormo, CMAM, UAM

IMP016/17

Eurofer 97 irradiation with Fe selfions II F. Sanchez, CIEMAT

IMP017/17

EUROfusion Spinel proton irradiation experiment using beam degrader

IMP019/17

D. A. Cruz, CIEMAT

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

Proposal Title

ser A lia ion

Nº Shifts

Exp. Code

Fabrication of high contrast optical wave guides in W using swift heavy ion irradiation

J. Olivares, CMAM, UAM

IMP020/17

Feion irradiation to emulate neutronic damage on Fe Cr

D. Jimenez, CIEMAT

IMP021/17

Modification of metallic nanorods irradi ated with swift heavy ions

J. Olivares, CMAM, UAM

IMP022/17

Prueba de estanqueidad de la nave

M. nsa, CMAM

IMP023/17

The H and He diffusion in fusion breed ing ceramics through homogeneous ion implantation

M. Gonzalez, CIEMAT

IMP024/17

Feion irradiation to emulate neutronic damage on Fe C

D. Jimenez, CIEMAT

IMP02 /17

Eurofer 97 irradiation with Fe selfionsIII F. Sanchez, CIEMAT

IMP026/17

Experimental validation of radiation dose F. Sanchez, CIEMAT rate calculations

IMP027/17

The H diffusion in fusion breeding ce ramics through homogeneous ion im plantation

IMP028/17

Ion damage assessment and optical wave V. Tormo, CMAM, UAM guide formation in ferroelectric LiTaO3

IMP029/17

Demonstration to students of SHI irradia tion with re ectance and ionolumines J. Olivares, CMAM, UAM cence in situ measurements

IMP030/17

The effect of displacement damage and temperature on the trapping of deute rium implanted into SiC

I. Garcia, CIEMAT

IMP031/17

Irradiation of UHP Fe (GF) with He ions for TDS experiments

F. Sanchez, CIEMAT

IMP033/17

Fabrication of high contrast optical wave guides in W using swift heavy ion irradiation

J. Olivares, CMAM, UAM

IMP001/18

Commissioning of Au 10 MeV current available at implantation beamline

J. Olivares, CMAM, UAM

IMP002/18

Feion irradiation to emulate neutronic damage on Fe Cr

D. Jimenez, CIEMAT

IMP004/18

Hydrogen isotopes release on ion dam aged on breeder pebbles

M. Gonzalez, CIEMAT

IMP00 /18

Manufacturing soft ray diffraction grat ings on singlecrystal diamond through J. Olivares, CMAM, UAM swift heavy ion irradiation

IMP006/18

Irradiation experiments of copper me chanical test probes

IMP010/18

M. Gonzalez, CIEMAT

F. Sanchez, CIEMAT

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

Nuclear Physics Line (NUC) Responsible scientists: O. Tengblad (IEM), M J. G. Borge (IEM)

s of spring 200 , the uclear Physics beamline at the CMAM is in operation as a result of a collaboration with the Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM), CSIC. The beamline is at the –30 port of the first switching magnet of the accelerator and is equipped with two sets of slits for defining beam size and shape. A Beam Profile Moni tor and a Faraday cup are used for monito ring position, size, shape and current of beam during operation. The beamline is in its first section compatible with high vacuum condi tions, however, the 2nd part of the beamline uses ISO100 connections with viton Orings, leading to a standard vacuum of a few times 10–6 mbar in the reaction chamber connected to the beamline. In 2016 a new big cylindrical reaction cham ber of 0 cm diameter was installed (see photo) at the end of the beamline. Inside this chamber a Sidetector array 1 (Fig. 1) oc cupying the downstream hemisphere with a total of 176 segmented Sidetectors each of 2 x2 mm2 and 1000 m thick is being ins talled on a modular aluminumframe see Fig. 2.

Fig. 1 The photo shows the inside of the new chamber, it art o t e a min m s ort and Si-detectors sed in t e first test

Fi Sc ematic ie o t e Si- a array rame, it ace or c anne s o adrant Si-detectors on aces, avoiding the more forward angles, and a picture of a face board with 4 detectors mounted.

The device can also be cooled to a constant temperature of –10 C by means of C F li quid circulating through copper cooling pipes entering the vacuum chamber. The aim of using this sophisticated setup is to perform low energy reaction studies of astro physical interest. The reactions cross section is very low what requires long beam times, difficult to get in other facilities, further due to their low cross section it constitutes a real technical challenge to be able to measured them. Low cross section means that high beam current is needed, however, the huge dominating of Rutherford scattering will easily burn the detectors in the more forward angles. We will thus not place the central de tector quadrant, and stay with 12 faces cove ring from 20 – 90 degrees in forward direc tion and place a more compact double sided Siarray (DSSD) at backward angles, where the Rutherford scattering no longer is a pro blem.

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

Several test experiments have been per formed during 201618. Recently, two TFM (Trabajo fin del Master) has been performed exploring the detector resolution at different proton energies and possible used for ima ge reconstruction, however we have not yet reached the ideal setup. In the near future, we plan to study the reac tion 19F(p, )16O to characterize the unbound states of 16O, as well as alpha induced reac tions for particle, gamma and neutron chan nels. 1 L.M. Fraile

yst ,

ucl. Instrum. Meth. A 13 (2003) 287.

2 Desarrollo de un prototipo con DSSDs para realizar imagen m dica con protones , TFM, M Inmaculada Posadillo de Bringas (Supervisors: O. Tengblad y J.A. Briz). 3 Simulaciones Montecarlo para el desarrollo de un prototipo de tomógrafo de protones con aplicación en protonterapia”, TFM, Vicente García Tavora, September 2019 , University of Seville ( Supervisors: E. acher, J.A. Briz y J.M. Arias).

eri en s er or ed in he eriod Proposal Title

ie o t e NUC eam ine

on ser A lia ion

Nº Shifts

Exp. Code

Energy loss and induced fragmentation by proton collisions with water and py rimide molecules

Gustavo Garcia, IEM, CSIC

UC001/18

Analysis and modelling of secondary electron generation and induced frag mentation by proton irradiation of con densed biomolecular systems

Gustavo Garcia, IEM, CSIC

UC002/16

Analysis and modelling of secondary electron generation and induced frag mentation by proton irradiation of con densed biomolecular systems_2

Gustavo Garcia, IEM, CSIC

UC003/16

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

2.4. BEAMTIME DISTRIBUTION AND ION BEAM STATISTICS

he HVEE tandetron accelerator at CMAM has been at operation since its inauguration at 2002, ceasing its acti vity exclusively during the month of August or for maintenance needs. A fraction of time dedicated to scheduled maintenance is required to ensure the pro per functioning of the ion beam sources and all components of the accelerator and beam lines. In this way, beam supply failures du ring beamtime due to technical problems are minimized. Only once has it been ne cessary to open the tank. This extraordinary maintenance was carried out in 2013 during which 62 of 2200 diodes were replaced. CMAM is an open facility with full compe titive access to the accelerator beamtime. It is provided with two ion sources, negative sputtering source (model HVE860C) and duoplasmatron source (model HVE3 8), with which beams of almost any element from Hydrogen to Lead can be delivered. ea

The distribution of ions along the different periods is a function of demand for service and varies according to the type of experi ment performed in our facility. The working year is divided into 7 beam time periods of 67 weeks each. The experi ment proposals are submitted by the users prior to the start of each period, evaluated and, if approved, beam time is assigned to each of them based on a priority system. Maintenance shifts are those working hours that are not available to allocate beam time for installation needs. Also, approximately 10 of the time (buffer shifts) is reserved to recover those experiments that during the period, or in previous periods, could not be carried out for reasons beyond the user’s control. The commissioning shifts are dedi cated to line improvements, development or beam testing and, finally, the experiment shifts are those properly dedicated to mea surements or irradiations.

i e

T e ra s o s t e tota n m er o or in o rs a ai a e in t e eriod, t e n m er o time, maintenance and also the number of hours lost due to beam supply failure.

or in

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Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

i e and

ain enance

The graph shows time dedicated to beam supply and maintenance as a percentage of the total available working hours d rin t e eriod -

Ions and Time distribution

Others C 7%

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Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

eri en s 77%

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eri en s 73%

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Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

2.5. COMPLEMENTARY FACILITIES

Optical Laboratory Responsible scientist: Jos Olivares Villegas

he optical laboratoy has several exper imental techniques for the analysis of the irradiated materials.

ris cou lin rac eri a ion

or o ical

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With this technique the effective refractive index of the propagating modes of a wave guide is measured. From this measurement the indepth refractive index profile of the waveguide is determined. Optical propaga tion losses can also be determined by using a PCO CCD camera. ical re ec ance and rans ittance A homemade system is available built us ing a white light (UVVIS range) and opti

cal fibers to send the light at the samples, that optionally can be heated at to 400 C in a platelike furnace. There are two possible detectors: a compact spectrometer Ocean Q6 000 ( : 200900 nm) and a high resolu tion espectrometer AndorSR 00i with and high sensitivity A DOR ewton camera detector ( : 2001000 nm). a an s ec rosco nm wavelength.

is also available at 532

Ellipsometer Woolam M2000 (wavelength range: 2001000 nm) for fast parallel multi channel measurements ( 1s). All these portable equipments can be used for insitu optical measurement during ion irradiation.

Different ie s o O tica a oratory

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)

here is available at CMAM an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) from nica (D cinea System, o erated sin S M so t are).

anotec ElectroÂ

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Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

Ancillary Laboratory Instrumentation ual

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Activity Report 2016-2018 | Accelerator and Beamlines

0 3. S cientific research

3.1. SELECTED SCIENTIFIC REPORTS Ion beam modification of dielectric materials in the electronic excitation regime: Cumulative and exciton models - Review Progress in Materials Science 76 (2016) 1–58

Fernando Agulló-López (1), Aurelio Climent-Font (1,2), Ángel Muñoz-Martín (1), José Olivares (1,3), A essandro cc ia i (1) (1)

Centro de Micro-Análisis de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E-28049, Spain (2) Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E-28049, Spain (3) Instituto de ptica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), E28006 Madrid, Spain

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ain experimental evidences and theoretical models, currently used to describe themodification of dielectricmaterials by swiftheavy ion (SHI) beams, operating in the electronic stopping regime, are reviewed. The emphasis is on the interplay and synergy between point defects and amorphous tracks. This implies a change of focus from purely thermal approaches to those based on the generation and accumulation of irradiationinduced defects followed by some type of lattice collapse and structural change. To that end special attention has been paid to experiments performed at electronic stopping powers around the threshold value for track formation.

Li bO where STEs are, or very likely, ascertained. The review stresses the connection between the SHIinduced effects and those caused by femtosecond laser pulse irradiations. Moreover, electronic effects on SiO materials are discussed due to their technological relevance and because they offer an example of the interplay between thermal and excitonic effects. Finally, the potential of SHI irradiation for various technologies, with particular emphasis on photonics, is discussed.

In particular, approaches based on the nonradiative decay of selftrapped excitons (STEs) have been more extensively discussed. The discussion is illustrated by dealing in some detail a few specific materials such as alkali halides ( aCl), SiO and

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

Study of the damage produced in diamond crystals by microbeam irradiation of 9 MeV boron and carbon ions M.D. Ynsa (1,2), F. Agulló-Rueda (3), N. Gordillo (2), J. Cañas (1), D. Moreno-Cerrada (1), A. Cabrera (1), A. Maira (1), M. A. Ramos (1,4) (1)

Centro de Micro-Análisis de Materiales (CMAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain (2) Departamento de Física Aplicada, Instituto icolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain (3) Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (4) Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC) and Instituto icolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain

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iamond is an ideal material for electronic and other technological applications because of its exceptional physical and chemical properties. For modest concentrations of boron, which acts as a charge acceptor, insulating diamond becomes a p-type semiconductor. Interestingly, at higher boron concentrations it becomes a bulk, typeII superconductor at low temperature [1]. The boron-diamond system was found to exhibit a metalinsulator transition for a boron concentration of 4. x1020 cm-3 [2], above which both electrical conductivity and superconducting critical temperature Tc increase until an optimal concentration of around 4. x1021 cm-3 where Tc 3 . Later experiments by other groups have reported superconducting critical temperatures above 10 3. The most conventional preparation method used so far, has been the homogeneous incorporation of boron doping during the diamond synthesis carried out either with highpressure sintering of small crystals or by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of films. With these methods, high boron concentration can be included without producing damage in diamond. Obviously, an appealing alternative would be to dope appropriate diamond samples through ion implantation, which enables selective doping in a controlled manner when

employing focused microbeam irradiation. Its main disadvantage is that the crystal lattice is heavily damaged after irradiation. In other materials, this is easily solved by high-temperature annealing. The annealing of defects in diamond, however, is a complex issue. Diamond is a metastable allotrope of carbon, graphite being the stable phase of carbon at atmospheric conditions. As a consequence, above a certain damage threshold the irradiated diamond is amorphized, and the subsequent annealing at temperatures above 1000 promotes crystallization into the stable phase, i.e. graphite. Below such damage threshold sought the diamond lattice persists, although it contains a number of point defects that can be annealed back to diamond structure, at least partially. In fact, one published attempt 4 using ionbeam irradiation failed because the regions of disordered carbon produced by ion irradiation at keV energies graphitized after annealing, as expected. Let us be more quantitative. By irradiating with different ions in the energy range of tens of keV, several authors ,6 have reported a critical damage of 1x1022 vacancies/cm3, above which irradiated diamond graphitized after hightemperature annealing, whereas below it the diamond crystalline lattice was essentially restored. Indeed, Monte Carlo simulations performed with the SRIM (The Stopping and Ranges of Ions

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

in Matter) code 7 are of widespread use to determine the distribution profiles of both the density of vacancies produced and the implanted ion, as a function of depth in the target sample. The boron ions penetrate the diamond and lose kinetic energy, both by electronic and nuclear stopping powers, until they finally are stopped at a depth of approximately um for a typical energy of 9 MeV, where a relatively thin layer or chan-

nel (about 200 nm thick) of boronÂdoped diamond will form. As can be seen in Fig. 1, boron irradiation on diamond will thus generate a density of vacancies, in the region of the boron stopping layer, well above the reported critical damage, for the uences needed to get the desired boron concentration in diamond (e.g., curves 5 or 6 in the figure).

Fig. 1. SRIM simulations for 9 MeV boron ions implanted on a diamond sample. (a) Density of vacancies versus depth. (b) 16 , Concentration o im anted oron ions Me ers s de t T e ence a es or eac c r e are 16 16 16 16 , , , and ions/cmÂ˛. The horizontal dashed line shows the reported graphitization threshold. The shaded area on the left side marks the estimated probing depth by Raman and photoluminescence experiments.

Hence the main problem to be solved is the high level of structural damage produced by the boron irradiations on single crystals of diamond, precisely in the implanted region where nuclear damage is most severe, which would impede to preserve any degree of crystallinity and, therefore, no superconductivity can be expected. evertheless, other previous works 8,9 , where diamond samples were irradiated with usual He+ ions of a few MeV, have shown that in those cases where the ion stopping range was several um deep, the damage process in diamond at the ion range is presumably prevented by a large internal pressure, and that a buried structure damaged well above that critical value can even reconvert entirely to diamond upon thermal annealing! This effect would arise from the unusually large

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

differences between the mass densities of the metastable (diamond, 3.52 g/cm3) and stable (graphite, 2.25 g/cm3) phases, that will constrain the strongly damaged deeply buried diamond structure from relaxing into the graphite one. With such an aim, we have conducted MicroÂRaman spectroscopy studies before and after annealing at 1000 C as a function of irradiation uence to assess the changes in the diamond lattice by the creation of vacancies and defects and their degree of recovery after annealing. We have employed both boron ions [10,11] at 9 MeV, as well as similar carbon ions [12] at 9 MeV (with the advantage respect to the reference boron ion of being more prolific and of not introducing any new chemical species), with very promising results, as can be seen in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.

Fi Raman s ectra o a diamond s r ace irradiated it Me oron ions at t e indicated at room tem erat re e ore e t and a ter ri t annea in Incident aser a e en t as

Fig. 3. Raman spectra at the stopping layer (at a depth of z = 4 um or t e indicated before and (b) after annealing.

ences ions cm nm

ences o car on ions o

meas red

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

----------------------------------------------------------------------References: [1]. E. A. Ekimov et al., ature, 428, 42 (2004). [2] T. lein et al., Phys. Rev. B, 7 , 16 313 (2007). [3] H. Okazaki, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 0 2601 (201 ). [4] V. Heera et al., Diamond Related Materials, 17, 383 (2008). [5] C. UzanSaguy, C. Cytermann, R. Brener, V. Richter, M. Shaanan, R. alish, Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 11941196 (199 ). [6] R. alish, A. Reznik, .W. ugent, S. Prawer, ucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B 148, 626633 (1999). [7] The Stopping and Ranges of Ions in Solids, in: J.F. Ziegler, J.P. Biersack, U. Littmark (Eds.), Pergamon Press, ew ork, 1985. [8] P. Olivero, S. Rubanov, P. Reichart, B.C. Gibson, S.T. Huntington, J.R. Rabeau, A.D. Greentree, J. Salzman, D. Moore, D. . Jamieson, S. Prawer, Diam. Relat. Mater. 1 , 16141621 (2006). [9] J.O. Orwa, .W. ugent, D. . Jamieson, S. Prawer, Phys. Rev. B 62 (2000) 461 472, [10] M. D. nsa, F. AgullóRueda, . Gordillo, A. Maira, D. MorenoCerrada, and M. A. Ramos, ucl. Instrum. Methods. Phys. Res. B 404, 207 (2017). [11] F. AgullóRueda, M.D. nsa, . Gordillo, A. Maira, D. MorenoCerrada, and M.A. Ramos, Diamond Related Materials 72, 94 (2017). [12] F. AgullóRueda, . Gordillo, M. D. nsa, A. Maira, J. Cañas, and M. A. Ramos, Carbon 123, 334343 (2017).

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

In situ monitoring the optical properties of dielectric materials during ion irradiation O tica Materia E

ress o

O. Peña-Rodríguez (1), M.L. Crespillo (4), P. Díaz-Nuñez (1), J.M. Perlado (1), A. Rivera (1), J. Olivares (2,3) (1) Instituto de Fusión uclear, Universidad Polit cnica de Madrid, 28006Madrid Instituto de Optica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (IOCISC), 28006Madrid (3) Centro de Micro-Análisis de Materiales (CMAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid (4) University of Tennessee, noxville, United States (2)

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n this work we have used in situ re ectance to study structural modifications in silica and quar irradiated with swift heavy ions. Quantitative analysis of re ectance spectra allowed us to (i) obtain the detailed kinetics of surface modification and (ii) reconstruct the refractive index profiles created in the irradiated materials. We have shown that in situ re ectance yields very accurate results for instance, track radii and irradiation threshold in silica and quar ob-

tained from our measurements are similar to those reported in the literature. In particular, re ectance has several advantages over Rutherford Backscattering in the channeling configuration (RBSC) because it can be measured in situ (allowing recording of detailed kinetics not attainable by RBSC), requires less sophisticated equipment and, more importantly, can be used with any material whereas RBS-C is restricted to mono-crystalline materials.

Fi Re ectance s ectra or a si ica and ar irradiated it Me F ions at different Contin o s red ines are t e est fit o t e e erimenta data sin t e m ti ayer mode

ences

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

Fi e t S r ace re racti e inde at nm or si ica c r es increasin and ar c r es decreasin samples irradiated with various types of swift heavy ions. Fi ri t Norma i ed ariation o t e die ectric nction or si ica and ar sam es irradiated it F ions at Me E erimenta a es ere fi ed sin a modified Poisson a n ma e , ic a o ed s to determine first t e cross section o t e trac and t en its radi s R

Fi S r ace trac radii in si ica and ar as a function of the stopping power. Orange continuous ines are a fit o t e data sin S enes mode

Fi it

Effecti e die ectric nction rofi es o tained rom t e fits or a si ica and ar sam es irradiated Me F ions at ario s ences T e n c ear sto in o er redicted y SRIMis o ed in oran e

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

Measuring cross sections for Heavy-Ion PIXE A

cc ia i (1), P. Galán (1), P. Prieto (2), J.E. Prieto (1,3)

(1)

Centro de Microanálisis de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain (2) Dpto. Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain (3) Dpto. Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spains

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he multitechnique character of Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) allows combining Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) and particle-induced X-ray emission (PI E) performed with light and medium-mass ions. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has promoted a Coordinated Research Project (CRP F11019) Development of molecular concentration mapping techniques using MeV focussed ion beams , meant at consolida ting, MeV-SIMS as an analytical technique and developing the combined application of quantitative HeavyIon PI E (HIPI E) analysis. With this goal, a specific effort has been made by the CRP partners to increase the availability of ray production cross sections, in particular for the iontarget combinations that were identified as the most interesting for a combined MeVSIMS and HIPI E sample characterization. In our group at CMAM, as a part of the CRP F11019 and taking into account the need of accurate beam charge measurements and knowledge of the detectors efficiency and filters, which are crucial for the quantitative determination of cross sections, we have implemented a dedicated PIXE set-up in the Time of Flight (ToF) experimental station. The beam handling and monitoring, the charge measurement system (by combining a conventional and a transmission Faraday cup) and the target holder have been maintained. A new etek A ASA silicon drift

diode (SDD) X-ray detector with a 500µm PET filter has been installed at 120 degrees from the beam direction without interfering with the existing ToF system. Several tests have been carried out to assure the control of beam stability and a precise determination of the accumulated charge during the measurements. We have first determined in an absolute way the ray production differential cross sections induced by C and Si ions with energies from 1 MeV/u down to 0.2 MeV/u, produced by the CMAM 5 MV tandem accelerator, for Ti, Fe, Zn, b, Ru and Ta prepared as thin films containing these elements 1 . In a second step, using the measurement protocols and data analysis procedures of our previous study for C and Si ions, we have extended the investigation to the production of rays induced by O, Cl, Cu and Br ions with energies between 4 MeV and 40 MeV on thin targets of TiO , Fe O , ZnO, b O and Ta O grown on different substrates [2]. This corresponds to a maximum of 1.66 MeV/u in the case of O ions and a minimum of 0.12 MeV/u for Br ions. Measured cross sections agree in general with previously published results, when available, and they have also been compared with available theories. In the course of our data analysis, we have established a new procedure to quantify target effects and co rrect for them 3 .

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

Partia cross section o tained rom C ions on Ta, R and N

Fi re Le t T e -ray rod ction differentia cross section in t e case o o y en ions and t e - ines o Ti, Fe, n and N Right: the same for the L-lines of Ta. Data published by other authors have been added for comparison. Errors are not shown or sim icity ECPSSR-UA ca c ations are com ared to t e data

----------------------------------------------------------------------Publications: [1]. rie o A Zucchiatti al n and rie o, Cross sections of x-ray production induced by C and Si ions with energies up to 1 MeV/u on Ti, Fe, Zn, Nb, Ru and Ta, ucl. Instr. and Meth. B 406, 167172 (2017). [2] rie o al n and A Zucchiatti, Cross sections of x-ray production induced on Ti, Fe, Zn, Nb and Ta by O, Cl, Cu and Br ions it ener ies et een Me and Me , ucl. Instr. and Meth. B 410, 102107 (2017). [3] A Zucchiatti al n and rie o, A roced re to correct or tar et t ic ness effects in ea y-ion i e at Me ener ies, ucl. Instr. and Meth. B 407, 1-4 (2017).

Talks: A Zucchiatti, Hea y ions i e t e IAEA coordinated researc – ov 4th 2016, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

ro ect F

, its o ecti es and act a res ts, CAARI 24th, Oct 30th

Electrical behavior of nickel/carbon nanocomposite thin films N. Boutsa (1), B. Anglerauda (1), M. D. Ynsa (2,3), B. Humberta (1), M. Manso (3) A. A. El Mel (1), P. Y. Tessier (1) (1)

Institut des Mat riaux Jean Rouxel (IM ), UMR 6 02, Universit de antes, C RS, 02 rue de la Houssini re B.P. 32229, 44322, antes Cedex 3, France (2) Centro de Microanálisis de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain (3) Departamento de Física Aplicada e Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales icolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain

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he relationship between the microstructure and the electrical behavior of nickel/carbon nanocomposite (nc i/C) thin films is reported. A particular attention was accorded to the role of the chemical composition and the nature of the amorphous carbon matrix on the electrical behavior of the material. The nc i/C thin films were synthesized using two different cold plasma processes both allowing to finely control the chemical composition, structure and morphology of the films. The first process combines magnetron sputtering of a nickel target and the deposition of hydrogenated carbon by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition using methane as a

precursor. The second process consists in the cosputtering of a nickel and a graphite target in pure argon plasma. For the two deposition processes, a similar increase in the electrical conductivity with the i content was observed and attributed to the percolation of the i nanograins through the carbon matrix. The percolation threshold was evaluated around 41 at. of i for the two deposition processes. For lower i concentrations, the microstructural study indicated that the electrical conductivity is governed by the nature of the amorphous carbon phase which is found to be dependent on the deposition process as revealed by µ-Raman spectroscopy.

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

Permanent modifications in silica produced by ioninduced high electronic excitation: experiments and atomistic simulations Scientific Reports vol. 7, (10641), (2017)

A. Rivera (1) , J. Olivares (2,3), Alejandro Prada (1), M.L. Crespillo (4), María J. Caturla , Eduardo M. Bringa (6), J.M. Perlado (1), O. Peña-Rodríguez (1) (1) Instituto de Fusión uclear, Universidad Polit cnica de Madrid, 28006Madrid Instituto de Optica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (IOCISC), 28006Madrid (3) Centro de Micro-Análisis de Materiales (CMAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid (4) University of Tennessee, noxville, United States (5) Dto. Física Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, E-03690 (6) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y aturales, Universidad acional de Cuyo, Mendoza, 00, Argentina. (2)

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he irradiation of silica with ions of specific energy larger than 0.1 MeV/u produces very high electronic excitations that induce permanent changes in the physical, chemical and structural properties and give rise to defects (colour centres), responsible for the loss of sample transparency at specific bands. This type of irradiation leads to the generation of nanometersized tracks around the ion trajectory. In situ optical re ection measurements during systematic irradiation of silica samples allowed us to monitor the irradiation-induced compaction, whereas ex situ optical absorption measurements provide information on colour centre generation. In order to analyse the results, we have developed and validated an atomistic model able to quantitatively explain the experimental results. Thus, we are able to provide a consistent explanation for the size of the nanotracks, the velocity and thresholding effects for track formation, as well as, the colour centre yield per ion and the colour centre saturation density. In this work we will discuss the different processes involved in the permanent mo-

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

dification of silica: collective atomic motion, bond breaking, pressuredriven atom rearrangement and ultrafast cooling. Despite the sudden lattice energy rise is the triggering and dominant step, all these processes are important for the final atomic configuration

Fi Die ectric constant ariation as a nction o ence or -Me Br irradiation T is ariation is trans ormed into density ariation y means o E ation and indicated y t e ri t a is T e das ed ine is t e fit o t e e erimenta data to E ation T e insets i strate sc ematica y t e three regimes in track formation and accumulation.

Fi Norma i ed density a and co o r centre concentration o tained y MD sim ations it different ot cy inder radii and nm as a nction o t e distance to t e trac centre or an e ectronic sto in o er o e nm E ery oint in t e fi res is o tained y considerin a t e atoms at t e indicated radia distance rom t e trac centre nm

Fi inetic ener y a and de ect raction as a nction o t e distance to t e trac centre or different times a ter ion arri a as o tained rom MD sim ations it an initia ot cy inder radi s a nm and e ectronic sto in o er Se e nm E ery oint is o tained y considerin a t e atoms at t e indicated radia distance rom t e trac centre nm T e ertica ines indicate t e centra re ion nm radi s sed to et t e a era e de ect raction, o ed in c as a nction o t e in erse a era e inetic ener y or different sto in o ers en the track remains hot, defect generation follows an Arrhenius behaviour with a characteristic energy of 1.8 eV for all the irradiations, regardless the stopping power.

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

Growth of epitaxial CoFe2O4 thin films on Si(001) surfaces by the use of TiN buffer layers P. Prieto (¹), J.F. Marco (2), J.E. Prieto (3), S. Ruiz-Gómez (4), L. Pérez (4), e , J. de la Figuera (2) R. Pérez del Real , M (1)

Dpto. Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain (2) Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano , CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain (3) Centro de Microanálisis de Materiales and Dpto. Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain (4) Dpto. de Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid E-28040, Spain (5) Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, E-28049 Madrid, Spain

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oFe O is a promising ferromagnetic tunnel barrier material that can be used as a spin filter to create spinpolarized currents. Among its attractive properties are a high electrical resistance and room temperature ferrimagnetism. It is also a common material of choice in magnetic recording media. Furthermore, it serves as a magnetic component of read/write heads as well as in other magneto-optic applications. Below its Curie temperature (860 ), CoFe O has magnetic easy axes along <100> directions with a high saturation magnetization, 400 emu/cm³, and a magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant, 2x10 J/ m which is an order of magnitude greater than other spinel structure ferrites, resulting in a high coercivity, 3000 Oe. CoFe O has also been investigated for its magnetoelastic properties. Due to its large magnetostriction, CoFe O has been chosen to build straindriven multiferroic nanostructures . For many of these applications, highly oriented growth of ferrite films is necessary. In this work, we have grown epitaxial cobalt ferrite thin films with strong inplane magnetic anisotropy on Si (001) substrates using a Ti buffer layer. The epitaxial films have

been grown by ion beam sputtering using either metallic (CFO M), CoFe , or ceramic (CFO C), CoFe O , targets. ray diffraction ( RD) and Rutherford spectroscopy (RBS) in random and channeling configuration have been used to determine the epitaxial relationship CoFe O 100 / Ti 100 / Si [100]. Mössbauer spectroscopy in combination with XRD and RBS have been used to determine the composition, structure and cation distribuion of the cobalt ferrite thin films. The Ti buffer layer induces a compressive strain in the cobalt ferrite thin films giving rise to an inplane magnetic anisotropy. A relationship between the degree of inplane anisotropy and the strain is observed by comparing the films obtained with metallic and ceramic targets. We have thus demonstrated that it is possible to integrate CoFe O thin films on silicon based devices by using Ti buffer layers and that ion beam sputtering is a suitable technique to obtain epitaxial CoFe O thin films on silicon substrates. Our results might light the role of reactive sputtering processes that take place on metal or insulator oxide targets in order to provide fine control of the magnetic anisotropy.

----------------------------------------------------------------------Publication: rie o

arco

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epitaxial CoFe O t in fi ms on Si

o e

ere

s r aces y t e se o tin

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

ere de eal

ue and

de la i uera, Growth of

ffer ayers, Applied Surface Science 436, 10671074 (2018).

Fig. 1. (a) and (b) Random RBS spectra of CFO_M and CFO_C bilayers obtained with 4He ions at 1.8MeV and its simulation. The s r ace ener ies or Fe, Co, Ti, Si and O are indicated y arro s T e RBS a i ned s ectra a e a so inc ded red circ es c RBS a i ned s ectra corres ondin to Fe Co atoms o CFO M and CFOC C i ayers or com arison r oses d RBS s ectra o CFO M and CFO C i ayers o tained it He ions at Me

Fi C anne in scans or Si and Fe Co atoms a on for CFO_M and CFO_C bilayers respectively.

a and c and

and d directions

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

Exchange-spring behavior below the exchange length in hard-soft bilayers in multi-domain configurations A. Quesada (1), G. Delgado (2), L. Pascual (3), A.M. Aragón (4), P. Marín (4) C. Granados-Miralles (1), M. Foerster , L. Aballe , J.E. Prieto (6), J. de la Figuera (2), J.F. Fernández (1) , P. Prieto (7) (1) Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio (CSIC), Madrid 28049 (Spain) Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (CSIC), Madrid 28006 (Spain)n (3) Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (CSIC), Madrid 28049 (Spain)a de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain (4) Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado, Carretera A6 km 22. , P.O. Box 1 , Las Rozas, Madrid 28230, Spain (5) Alba Synchrotron Light Facility, CELLS, Barcelona 08290, Spain (6) Centro de Microanálisis de Materiales (CMAM) and Dpto. Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain (7) Dpto. Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid (2)

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xchangecoupled hardsoft biphase magnets are technologically relevant systems in that they enable tailoring the magnetization reversal process. Here, exchange-spring behavior is observed in CoFe O /FeCo bilayers for soft thicknesses as thin as 2 nm, at least 4 times below the exchange length of the system. This result is in contrast with the accepted theory for spring magnets that states that the exchange length defines the critical thickness below which both magnetic phases should be rigidly coupled. In combination with micromagnetic calculations, this surprising observation is understood as a consequence of the dominance of domain wall propagation in the soft phase during the reversal process which has been so far unaccounted for in theoretical descriptions. Our results emphasize the need to expand the existing spring theory from rotational to domain wall related processes in multidomain configurations in order to accurately design magnetic heterostructures with controllable reversal. The CoFe O /FeCo bilayers were depo sited on Ti buffered Si(001) substrates by Ar ion beam sputtering using a 3 cm

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

aufmanntype ion source. The samples were capped with 2 nm aluminum. Indepth composition and thickness of the different layers were determined by RBS at the CMAM 5 MV tandem accelerator using 4He at 1.8 MeV. The elemental distribution and thickness quantification of the different layers were determined with the SIM RA simulation software package. Additional sample characterization was performed by TEM, ED S, RD. Magnetic properties were measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). In addition, the angular dependence of magnetization minor loops was investigated at room temperature by highresolution vectorial err magnetooptical measurements (MO E) in a longitudinal configuration. The xray magnetic circular dichroism-photoemission electron microscopy (XMCD-PEEM) experiments have been performed at the CIRCE beamline of the Alba Synchrotron Light Facility. Micromagnetic simulations were performed using the software Mumax III 24 on a system compound by two layers: CFO (hard material) and FeCo alloy (soft material) on top.

Fig. 1. TEM characterization. a) Low resolution STEM-HAADF image showing the multilayer arrangement sketched in b). c) portrays EDXS maps for each element present in the stack. d) RBS data corresponding to a bilayer with soft FeCo thickness of 17 nm A HRTEM ima e o t e CFO FeCo inter ace is s o n in e , it insets containin FFT a erns or eac fi m In , a fi tered ima e sin to et er t e - in FeCo and in CFO o t e inter ace re ion de imited in red is resented

Fi a SM ma neti ation s a ied fie d c r es meas red at room-tem erat re o a re erence CFO fi m, a nm FC and a nm so t i ayer FC Recoi oo s o FC , FC , and CFO meas red a ter sat ratin at T c Hn and Hs e tracted rom t e ma neti ation c r es as a nction o so t t ic ness c MO E coerci ity Hc as a nction o t e in- ane an e et een t e a ied fie d and t e direction o t e Si s strate or t e FC sam e and its an ar ot in d

----------------------------------------------------------------------Publication: A uesada el ado ascual A Ara n ar n ranados iralles oers er A alle rie o de la i uera ern nde and rie o Exchange-spring behaviour below the exchange length in hard-soft bilayers in multidomain confi rations, Physical Review B 98, 214435 (2018).

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

Low loss optical waveguides fabricated in LiTaO3 by swift heavy ion irradiation Optics Express 27 (6), 2018

Tormo-Mar (1)

(1)

, M. Díaz-Hijar (2), M. Carrascosa (3), V. Yar. Shur (4), J. Olivares (1,2)

Centro de Micro-Análisis de Materiales (CMAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid (2) Instituto de Optica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (IOCISC), Madrid (3) Dpto. Física de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid (4) School of atural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Rusia

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his work has been carried out within the framework of the Thesis work of Victoria Tormo developed at the CMAM during the last years. Optical waveguides are fabricated by irradiation of

LiTaO with a variety of swift heavy ions that provide increasing levels of both nuclear and electronic damage rates, including C, F and Si ions, in the energy range of 1 40 MeV.

Fi Meas red nm dar modes effecti e re racti e indices Nm, e t side and t eir corres ondin re racti e inde rofi es ri t side, so id ines or t e ordinary to and e traordinary o om o ari ations, or t e SLT sam es irradiated it F Me ions at incidence an e, at t e ences indicated in t e fi re T e das ed ines art o t e re racti e inde rofi es are st esses t at are consistent it t e n c ear sto in o er c r es T e re racti e indices corres ondin to t e ir in s strate no,s and ne,s and to t e amor o s state na are s o n it ori onta dashed lines for reference. The depth positions for both, the maximum electronic and nuclear stopping power curves (Fig. 1), are s o n it ertica das ed ines T e sym o s corres ond to data o tained rom t e o tica re ectance meas rement on y ordinary polarization) using the low energy ion irradiation for reference, as discussed in the text.

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

A systematic study of the role of the ion uence has been carried out in the broad range of 1E13Â2E1 at/cm . The kinetics of damage is initially of nuclear origin for the lowest uences and stopping powers and, then, is enhanced by the electronic excitation (for F and Si ions) in synergy with the nuclear

damage. Applying suitable annealing treatments, optical propagation losses values as low as 0.1 dB/cm have been achieved. The damage rates found in LiTaO have been compared with those known for the reference Li bO and discussed in the context of the thermal spike model.

Fi Meas red nm dar modes effecti e re racti e indices (Nm, left side) and their corresponding refractive inde rofi es ri t side, so id ines or t e ordinary to and e traordinary o om o ari ations, or t e SLT sam es irradiated it F Me ions at incidence an e, at t e ences indicated in t e fi re T e das ed ines art o t e re racti e inde rofi es are st esses t at are consistent with the nuclear stopping power curves. The refractive indices corresponding to the virgin substrate (no,s and ne,s) and to the amor o s state na are s o n it ori onta das ed lines for reference. The depth positions for both, the maximum electronic and nuclear stopping power curves (Fig. 1), are shown with vertical dashed lines. The symbols correspond to data o tained rom t e o tica re ectance meas rement on y ordinary polarization) using the low energy ion irradiation for reference, as discussed in the text.

Fi Pro a ation osses or t e ordinary o ari ation, at waveguides fabricated in LiTaO3 by Fluorine and Silicon irradiation.

ers s annea in tem erat re or some o t e

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

Role of hydrogen in the preparation of amorphous silicon nanowires by metal assisted chemical etching J. Phys. Chem. C 2018, 122, 22667 22674

S. Pinilla (1), R. Barrio (2), N. González (2), R. Pérez Casero (1), F M r C. Morant (1) (1)

(3)

, J.M. Sanz (1),

Department of Applied Physics and

(3)

School of

icolás Cabrera Institute, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain (2) Photovoltaic Solar Energy Unit, CIEMAT, 28040 Madrid, Spain atural Sciences and Technology, Universidad del Turabo, Gurabo, PR00778, USA

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n the last years, semi-conductive onedimensional structures have been intensively investigated because of their promising properties and applications . Specifically, silicon nanowires (Si Ws) have shown extraordinary performance in solar cells , energy storage devices , chemical sensors , field effect transistors and other devices . Among the synthesis routes for the Si Ws production, the Metal Assisted Chemical Etching (MACE) stands out for its high controllability, quality and scalability . Brie y explained, the MACE method consists on the localized etching of silicon where certain catalyst particles were previously deposited. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon (aSi:H) has recently proved to be a suitable base material for the synthesis of silicon nanowires by metal assisted chemical etching (MACE) The etching procedure on this material shows an extraordinary sensitivity to

slight compositional changes and, although dopant in uence on the process has been previously addressed, little is known on the role of hydrogen. We have studied the behavior of the MACE on aSi:H films with different hydrogen contents and bonds configurations. (aSi:H) films were grown on silicon wafers by two techniques: Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) and Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering (RFMS) The growth mechanisms of each technique are quite similar due to the presence of reactive plasma but differs in certain points that can affect the composition, morphology and quality of the films. Asgrown films were studied by Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy and Ion Beam Analysis to obtain a complete description of the material composition. Fig. 1 shows FTIR spectra of a-Si:H/c-Si samples synthesized by PECVD (green) and RF-MS (red) Dashed lines indicate t e different ands roc in and a in , SiH endin , SiO stretching, and the stretching for the monohydrides (SiH) and polyhydrides (SiHx)

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Fig. 2 shows ERDA and RBS spectra of a-Si:H/c-Si samples synthesized by PECVD (green) and RF-MS (red) In ERDA measurements it is also included a reference sample with 32% of hydrogen.

Silicon (%) RF-MS

dro en

Atomic com ositions o t e a-Si H sam es o tained y IBA tec ni

The data show that, although the RF-MS film possesses a higher percentage of hydrogen, the oxide content is significant. The composition of the aSi:H film deposited by RF-MS along with the analysis made by FTIR, suggest that most of the hydrogen is incorporated in the form of polyhydrides (SiHx) These polyhydrides show a very poor passivation against oxidation producing an oxygen incorporation in the whole film. By the contrary, PECVD film possesses a lower percentage of hydrogen, but the oxide content is negligible. FTIR results suggest that most of the hydrogen is incorporated in the form of monohydrides (SiH)

These results were further correlated with the morphology and characteristics of the obtained Si Ws, showing that the material stability under the MACE is reduced as the bond configuration is shifted from monohydrides to polyhydrides. The effect of bond configuration is of extraordinary importance regarding the material application, as it is intrinsically tied to the hydrogen content, which simultaneously controls the optical properties of the material. Our study proves that bond configuration also affects to the nanostructuration, which should be considered in future devices based on this material.

----------------------------------------------------------------------References [1].Law, M. Goldberger, J. ang, P. D. Semiconductor anowires and anotubes. Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 2004, 34 (1), 83–122. [2] Peng, .Q. Lee, S.T. Silicon anowires for Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion. Adv. Mater. 2011, 23 (2), 198–21 .

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[3] Chan, C. . Peng, H. L. Liu, G. McIlwrath, . Zhang, . F. Huggins, R. A. Cui, . HighPerformance Lithium Battery Anodes Using Silicon anowires. at. anotechnol. 2008, 3 (1), 31–3 . [4] Peng, .Q. Wang, . Lee, S.T. Gas Sensing Properties of Single Crystalline Porous Silicon anowires. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2009, 95 (24), 243112. [5] Guo, C. S. Luo, L. B. uan, G. D. ang, . B. Zhang, R. Q. Zhang, W. Lee, S. T. Surface Passivation and Transfer Doping of Silicon anowires. Angew. Chemie Int. Ed. 2009, 48 ( 2), 9896–9900. [6] Han, H. Huang, Z. P. Lee, W. MetalAssisted Chemical Etching of Silicon and anotec hnology Aplications. ano Today 2014, 9(3), 271-304 [7] Huang, Z. P. Geyer,

. Werner, P. de Boor, J. G sele, U. Gosele, U. Han, H. Huang, Z. P. Lee, W. MetalAssisted

Chemical Etching of Silicon:A Review. Adv. Mater. 2011, 23(2), 28 308.

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Microwave plasma annealing of sol-gel deposited tantalum oxide and zinc oxide films Vacuum, 149, 336-342, 2018

R. Ramadan (1,2), J.G. Simiz (1), M.D. Ynsa (1,3), M. Manso Silván (1) (1)

Departamento de Física Aplicada e Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales icolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain (2) Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Egypt (3) Centro de Microanálisis de Materiales (CMAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain

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he sol-gel process allows the high throughput formation of transition metal oxide thin films. Microwave plasma annealing (MwPA) treatments have been performed on thin films of two diffe rent transition metal oxides, Ta O and ZnO, selected as representatives of covalently and

O y en resonant RBS s ectra rom t e as-de osited a and M rom t e as-de osited c and M asmaannea ed d Ta O fi ms

strongly ionic bonded oxides, respectively. Ta O has been explored as a dielectric ba rrier for porous silicon structures. The main limitation of the solgel spin coating in this case is the surface roughness of the coating, which is highly improved upon Ar MwPA. The treatment leads additionally to a mi-

asma annea ed

Ta O fi ms Car on resonant RBS s ectra

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

crostructural activation and interface development comparable to a 500Â°C thermal annealing. The MwPA of ZnO is a quasiÂequivalent process to a 200 Â°C thermal annealing, preventing grain growth and promoting nanocrystalline phases. This is suggested to have a direct impact on the optical and electronic properties of the ZnO films. The MwPA

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films show wider optical band gap than thermally annealed ones. An impedance analysis further shows that the MwPA ZnO films present lower equivalent resistance and higher equivalent capacitance than the thermal films. These results are promising for the development of new processing routes for widely demanded transition metal oxide thin films.

Amorphous glass fragments from archaeological surface surveys: Potential chronological use of ion beam and isotopic analytical characterization Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 19 (2018) 439–4 3

A (1)

(4)

cc ia i , , A. Climent-Font (1,2), P.C. Gutiérrez-Neira (1) I. Montero-Ruiz (3), J.M. Fuenlabrada (4), C. Galindo (4)

Centro de Micro Análisis de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain (2) Dpto. Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (3) Instituto de Historia, CCHS, CSIC, Madrid, Spain Laboratorio de Geocronología y Geoquímica Isotópica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (5) University of the Witwatersrand, School of Physics, Johannesburg, South Africa

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group of 61 glass fragments, reco vered from an archaeological surface survey at the site of the Roman city of Duratón (1st to 3rd century AD), near Segovia, Spain, have been analysed by combined Particle Induced ray/Gammaray Emission (PI EPIGE) techniques and by isotope dilution mass spectrometry. PIXE technique was used to determine the quantitative chemical composition of major, minor and trace components. PIGE assured that the measurements were taken in non-corroded glass. Ten glass samples, belonging to the groups identified were selected for Sr and d isotopic study. IDTIMS provided a quantification of Sr and d isotopes for provenance analysis. The PI E analysis is particularly suitable for determining oxide composition. This technique is capable of detecting major ( a, Si, Ca), minor (Mg, Al, ) and trace elements (Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, i, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, Sb and Pb) of the glass. Archaeological glass quantitative analysis, especially for sodium, can be strongly affected by surface corrosion extending through the full or part of the penetration depth. To cope with this problem samples were analysed simultaneously by PIXE and

PIGE techniques. PIGE is a typical method to obtain independent a concentrations by detecting gamma rays produced in the 23 a(p,p )23 a reaction. The classification of glasses was based on the following guidelines: low magnesia and potash contents (< 1.5%) distinguish soda glass made with natron instead of ash of halophytic plants. Egyptian natron (mainly a CO 10H O, aHCO with sodium sulphates and chlorides) was the predominant source of alkali for glassmakers in Roman times. This occurred until the early medieval period (6th–7th century AD depending on the region), when the collapse of the imperial trade infrastructure cut the natron supply to Europe, forcing the glassmakers to exploit other alkali sources like plant ashes. It is generally assumed that high strontium concentrations ( 400 g/g SrO) indicate the use of beach sands, due to the capacity of sea shells to incorporate strontium from the sea. Levels of antimony and manganese disclose the decolouring agent employed and the presence of iron has in uence in the colour of the glass. The Duratón glass grouping was obtained by principal component analysis (PCA) based on the oxide concentration ratios to SiO of the following elements: a, Mg, Al, S, Cl, , Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe and Sr (Figure 1). The

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identification of the ux, shown in Figure 2 appears to be the most discriminating com-

ponent. Four groups can be distinguished combining the results of the Figures.

Fig. 1. Principal component analysis of Duratรณn glass: representation of samples in the space determined by t e first t o actors

O concentration

as a

nction o M O concentration

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

in t e D rat n

ass sam es

GROUP 1 Levels of potash and magnesium in groups D and P clearly indicate that the mineral source was natron. The d isotope composition is similar to sands from restricted areas in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS) (Levant and Egypt) and three restricted areas of Italy. High magnesium contents might suppose the use of dolomite for the P group. Glass fragments belonging to these groups were decolorized mainly by manganese, with a few samples showing a mixture of manganese and antimony. Analytical results of the D and P groups demonstrate that the base glass composition and the additives are those expected for Roman glasses. The range of 87Sr/86Sr values observed shows the lime source is likely primary limestone instead of mollusk shells. GROUP 2 and GROUP 3 Glass fragments of groups LM and HM were manufactured with refined agents, such as pure silica and soda. They used arsenic as decolourant. The high magnesium level in HM glass-

es suggests that dolomite might have been employed as calcium source. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios indicating different lime source from that of the natron glasses. The HM glasses are considered to belong to a more recent production, possibly from the 19th century. GROUP 4 Glasses with high potash and magnesia levels were produced with mixed alkali, including halophytic plantashes and used manganese as decolourant. This glass base composition is assigned to glasses of the medieval epoch. Compared with data reported in previous studies, including a few on the Iberian Peninsula, the composition of Duratón natron glass is similar to findings of the 1st century AD (Barcino), the middle of the 1st century AD (Lyon) and the first half of the 3rd century AD (Iulia Felix). The samples used for comparison belonged to 17 different groups well defined in age. Five of these groups were excavated in the Iberian Peninsula (Figure 3).

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

Archaeometric investigation of a Hellenistic golden funerary belt: a case study Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, Vol. 18,

o 3, (2018), 116

Alicia Perea (1), P. Carolina Gutiérrez-Neira (2), Aurelio Climent-Font (2) (2)

(1) Instituto de Historia. CCHSCSIC, Albasanz 2628, 28023 Madrid, Spain Centro de Microanálisis de Materiales, UAM, Faraday 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain

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on Beam Analytical techniques, in combination with Optical Microscopy and X-Ray Fluorescence, were used to the archaeometric study of a golden funerary belt representative of the Hellenistic goldwork technology and iconography. This belt is made up of a wide strap spaced by five roundels with a figurative ornamentation and enamel decorations, and two massive terminals in the form of rams’ heads (Fig 1).

200 m or less), and because of they are fast, quantitative and multielemental, the IBA techniques were suitable to determine the elemental composition, including minor and trace elements, of the individual parts of the belt (Particle Induced ray Emission PI E), to verify the glass matrix of the enamel decorations and their conservation state (Particle Induced Gammaray Emi ssion PIGE), and to confirm the gold matrix of the piece instead of a gilded process (Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry, RBS). According to the XRF and PIXE spectra, the belt is made of a relative homogeneous ternary AuAgCu alloy (Figure 2). With exception of samples with higher contents on Cd (blue squares on figure 2) the analysed points are gold rich with concentrations above 74 in weigh and low levels of Cu (<12%).

Fig. 1. The gold belt in its complete length of 87 cm.

The archaeometric study included a first observation with optical microscopy in order to identify tool marks and surface textures of the metal, then, a global determination of the metal composition using X-Ray Fluorescence ( RF) and finally, a detail study of the materials (metal and enamel) of the piece with IBA techniques. Thanks to their nondestructive and noninvasive character, the ability to extract ion beam to the air (avoiding the use of vacuum chambers), the reduced beam spot used to study cultural heritage materials (around

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Fig. 2. Ternary Au, Ag, Cu diagram of the XRF (red circles) and PI E ac s ares res ts B e s ares re resent ana ysed oints y PI E it i e e s o cadmi m

Minor or trace quantities of Ti, Mn and Fe attributed to surface contamination were also found in some analysed points and welding areas revealed that cadmium was used as solder (concentrations from 0.21 to 6.8 ). RBS spectra shows a bulk matrix, discarding the presence of gilding in the belt.

surface. In spite of that contamination, high levels of magnesia and potash indicate the enamel are plant-ash type sodium glass, manganese was used as a decolourise agent and iron as chromophore although cobalt, in very low levels, was found in one blue sample.

Analytical composition of the spots confirms the use of different composition in the individual parts of the belt (Figure 3). In this sense, the obverses and reverses of each roundel have a different composition, in particular, the one representing the goddess (Aphrodite?) has a higher gold content than the ones with human faces. Furthermore, the ramâ€™s heads were casted in an alloy with high silver levels.

As a conclusion, concerning technological and stylistic features, as the ornamental palmettes at the ramsâ€™ necks and on the back of the roundels, the punch pitting of skins and faces, plus the absence of worked/beaded wires, all point to an Eastern workshop as the place of origin. Analytical data confirmed that the different belt pieces were worked independently and with slightly different alloys. This cannot only be explained appealing to functional or technological reasons but more likely in symbolic terms. The use of cadmium Âintentionally or not- as a welding element in the soldering alloys can be taken as another eastern trait, considering its absence in western European goldwork.

The composition of the enamel decorations in the Ram's head and the goddess's and man s roundels determinate by means of PI E showed remarkable high levels of sulphur and aluminum together with extremely low contents of sodium (checked by PIGE) evincing a high degree of degradation of the

Fi Re ations i et een C and A contents o t e different arts o t e e t Pin data points represent the obverse of each roundel.

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Reactive sputtering of AlScN thin Ulms with variable Sc content on 200 mm wafers Marta Clement (1), Valeriy Felmetsger (2), Teona Mirea (1), Enri (1)

e I orra (1)

GMMECEMDATIC ETSI de Telecomunicación. Universidad Polit cnica de Madrid, Spain (2) OEM Group LLC. Gilbert, AZ, USA

----------------------------------------------------------------------inor or trace quantities of Ti, Mn and Fe attributed to surface contamination were also found in some analysed points and welding areas revealed that cadmium was used as solder (concentrations from 0.21 to 6.8 ). RBS spectra shows a bulk matrix, discarding the presence of gilding in the belt.

evincing a high degree of degradation of the surface. In spite of that contamination, high levels of magnesia and potash indicate the enamel are plant-ash type sodium glass, manganese was used as a decolourise agent and iron as chromophore although cobalt, in very low levels, was found in one blue sample.

Analytical composition of the spots confirms the use of different composition in the individual parts of the belt (Figure 3). In this sense, the obverses and reverses of each roundel have a different composition, in particular, the one representing the goddess (Aphrodite?) has a higher gold content than the ones with human faces. Furthermore, the ram’s heads were casted in an alloy with high silver levels.

As a conclusion, concerning technological and stylistic features, as the ornamental palmettes at the rams’ necks and on the back of the roundels, the punch pitting of skins and faces, plus the absence of worked/beaded wires, all point to an Eastern workshop as the place of origin. Analytical data confirmed that the different belt pieces were worked independently and with slightly different alloys. This cannot only be explained appealing to functional or technological reasons but more likely in symbolic terms. The use of cadmium intentionally or not- as a welding element in the soldering alloys can be taken as another eastern trait, considering its absence in western European goldwork.

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

Effects of post-deposition vacuum annealing on the piezoelectric properties of AlScN thin films sputtered on 200 mm production wafers Marta Clement (1), Valeriy Felmetsger (2), Teona Mirea (1) Jimena Olivares (1), Enri e I orra (1) (1)

GMMECEMDATIC ETSI de Telecomunicación. Universidad Polit cnica de Madrid, Spain (2) OEM Group LLC. Gilbert, AZ, USA

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cdoped Al polycrystalline films are attractive active layers for high frequency (GHz range) acoustic resonators owing to the significant rise in the material piezoelectric activity with the increasing Sc content. AlSc films are sputtered on 200 mm Si wafers using configurable cathode containing a variable number of embedded Sc pellets which allows controlling both the Sc content in the films and the composition

homogeneity across the wafer. The method is implemented in an Endeavor-AT™ cluster tool from OEM Group adapted for sputtering on 200 mm wafers. The piezoelectric activity of the asdeposited AlSc films appears to improve after a 1 minute postdeposition annealing at 600 C, leading to a 20% increase in the electromechanical coupling factor.

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

3.2. RESEARCH COLLABORATION Research Collaboration between CMAM-UAM and the University of Tennessee (UTK, Knoxville, USA)

uring the years 20162018, Prof. Fernando Agulló-López, Emeritus Professor of UAM and retired member of CMAM, has been actively collaborating with the research group led by Prof. William J. Weber and Prof. anwen Zhang at the University of Tennessee (UT ), noxville (USA). The link for the collaboration was Dr. M.L. Crespillo who carried out his Ph.D. Thesis and was a member of CMAM before joining the UT group as a postdoctoral researcher. The main subject of the collaboration has been to investigate transport phenomena and, electronic and optical processes in dielectric crystals using ion beam induced luminescence (IL, Ionoluminescence). Specifically the research work has been mainly focused on oxide perovskites, particularly strontium titanate SrTiO (STO), as a model transition metal oxide. Over the last few decades, this multifunctional perovskite ceramic has been the subject of intensive attention due to its exception electro-optical properties and broad applications, such as a key material for the next generation of oxidebased functional electronic devices, as well as for catalysis and photochemistry applications. Furthermore, it is an important model material for strongly correlated systems. The specific topics explored under this collaborative research have been: 1) To identify specific emission centers and the responsible radiative and non-radiative processes. Particular attention was focused on the emission features associated with oxygen vacancies, as both an import-

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

ant intrinsic defect and a primary defect generated by ion-beam irradiation through elastic ion-atom collisions. Real-time analyses of the IL spectra under irradiation with 3 MeV protons, as well as a set of highenergy heavier ions (8 MeV O, 1 MeV Si, 18 MeV Cl and 18 MeV Ti), were performed over a wide range of electronic and nuclear stopping power ratios. An adjustable balance between the generation of point defects (associated mainly with elastic collisions) and electronic excitation is crucial to differentiate between radiationinduced defects and other defects as recombination centers. 2) To ascertain the role of cryogenic irradiation temperature (down to 30 ), and electronic excitation density (electronic stopping power) on the emission processes and kinetics of electronic carrier migration and, furthermore, to investigate the coupling of electronic processes to structural phase changes. 3) To study the luminescence features associated with chromium, as an extrinsic defect, which can be used to monitor and evaluate the creation and evolution of radiationinduced lattice defects during irradiation. 4) Finally, to obtain relevant physical parameters from the experimental data regarding electronic excitation, exciton migration and recombination processes that have led to the development of a new model based on novel conceptual models. Based on this collaborative research, a number of Publications and Contributions to Conferences have been produced during this period, as identified below:

Publications: 1.

res illo raha A ull e Zhan e er Correlation between Cr3+ Luminescence and Oxygen Vacancy Disorder in Strontium Titanate under MeV Ion Irradiation. J. Phys. Chem. C 2017, 121 (36), 19758–19766. https://doi.org/10.1021/ acs.jpcc.7b04352.

res illo A ull e Zucchia ti, A. Cumulative Approaches to Track Formation under Swift Heavy Ion (SHI) Irradiation: Phenomenological Correlation with Formation Energies of Frenkel Pairs. uclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 2017, 394, 20–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb. 2016.12.022.

res illo raha A ull e Zhan e er Role of Oxygen Vacancies on Light Emission Mechanisms in SrTiO 3 Induced by High-Energy Particles. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 2017, 0 (1 ), 1 303. https:// doi.org/10.1088/13616463/aa627f.

res illo raha A ull e Zhan e er Isolated Oxygen Vacancies in Strontium Titanate Shine Red O tica Identification o Ti Po arons Applied Materials Today 2018, 12, 131–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2018.04.006

on ri u ions o on erences Cr3+ Luminescence and Oxygen Vacancy Disorder in SrTiO3 under MeV Ion Irradiation”, Presented by M.L. Crespillo at Materials Science Technology 2017 (MS T 2017), Pittsburgh, PA (USA), Oct. 2017. Oral presentation.

2016 1.

res illo raha A ullo oe Zhan e er “SrTiO3 under ion-beam irradiation at high electronic excitation densities: evidence for self-trapped electrons”, Presented by M.L. Crespillo at 24th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI 2016), Renaissance Worthington Hotel, Fort Worth, Texas (USA), Oct. ov. 2016. Invited Oral presentation. res illo raha A ullo oe Zhan e er “SrTiO3 under highly ionizing irradiation: evidence for selftrapped electrons”, Presented by . Zhang at Materials Research Society Fall Meeting 2016 (MRS 2016), Boston, Massachusetts (USA), ov.Dec. 2, 2016. Oral presentation.

2017 3.

res illo Zhan and

raha A ull e e er “Correlation between

2018 4.

res illo raha A ull e Zhan e er “Light emission mechanisms induced by MeV ion irradiation in strontium titanate”, Presented by M.L. Crespillo at 21th International Conference on Ion Beam Modification of Materials (IBMM 2018), San Antonio, Texas, (USA), 24–29 Jun. 2018. Invited Oral presentation.

res illo raha A ull e Zhan e er “Correlation between Cr3+ Luminescence and Oxygen Vacancy Disorder in SrTiO3 under MeV Ion Irradiation”, Presented y J T Gra am at t Con erence on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI 2018), Grapevine, Texas, (USA), Aug. 2018. Invited Oral presentatio

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

Research Collaboration between CMAM-UAM and CIEMAT

he ational laboratory for uclear Fusion (L F) of CIEMAT has been collaborating with CMAM since 2009 within the framework of regional, national and European research projects. Regarding the 20162018 period, the L F researchers have carried out several irradiation experiments of different kinds (light and heavy ions on metals and insulators) performing

A A

The effect of an external magnetic field (B 0.5 T) on Fe 90 Cr 10 specimens during Fe ion irradiation, has been investigated by means of Conversion Electron M ssbauer Spectroscopy (CEMS). The analysis has revealed significant differences in the average hyperfine magnetic field ( H 0.3 T) between non irradiated and irradiated samples as well as between irradiations made with B (w/ B) and without B (w/o B ). It is considered that these variations can be due to changes in the local environment around the probe nuclei (57 Fe); where vacancies and Cr distribution play a role. The results indicate that the Cr distribution in the neighbourhood of the iron atoms could be changed by the application of an external field. This would imply that an external magnetic field may be an important parameter to take into account in predictive models for Cr behaviour in Fe–Cr A A

A A

A A A

also some improvements and novel experimental setups in the Implantation beamline of CMAM accelerator within the frame of the MICIU Projects (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades) E E201 70300C31R, E E2016767 R (AEI/FEDER) and TechnoFusion Project (S2013/MAE274 ) of the CAM (Comunidad Autónoma Madrid).

alloys, and especially in fusion conditions where intense magnetic fields are required for plasma confinement.

Fig.1. Experimental two- sample holder. It has a permanent magnet behind the right FeCr sample. The set-up is connected to a LN coo ed fin er to ac ie e o tem erat re i re ired

A A

The effect of posthelium irradiation annealing on bubbles and nanoindentation hardness of two reduced activation ferritic martensitic steels for nuclear fusion appli-

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

cations (EUROFER97 and EUODS EUROFER) has been studied. Heliumirradiated EUROFER97 and EUODS EUROFER were annealed at 4 0 C for 100 h in an argon atmo-

sphere. The samples were tested by nanoindentation and studied by transmission electron microscopy extracting some focused ion beam lamellae containing the whole implanted zone (aprox. 50 µm). A substantial increment in nanoindentation hardness was measured in the area with higher helium content, which was larger in the case of EUROFER97 than in EUODS EUROFER.

Ca ities detected it in t e one B o EU-ODS EUROFER

A A

Understanding radiation-induced damage in ironchromium alloys is critical for the use of advanced steels in future fusion reactors. However, the role of the strong magnetic fields present in such magnetically confined plasma devices on material damage, though considered important, has not been thoroughly explored to date. In this work, irradiation experiments of Fe8 Cr1 alloy (1 Cr content) by heavy (Fe) and light (He) ions have been carried out in order to characterize the damage and, additionally, the in uence of an external magnetic field (B 0.4 T) has been taken into account. The analysis of the data has been done with different

In terms of microstructure defects, while EUODS EUROFER showed larger helium bubbles, EUROFER97 experienced the formation of a great population density of them, which means that the mechanism that condition the evolution of cavities for these two materials are different and completely dependent on the microstructure.

m He annea ed at

C or

A A

techniques, the distribution of the Cr and/ or vacancies around probe nuclei has been explored by Mossbauer spectroscopy and the vacancy profile by Slow Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy (SPAS). Comparison between samples irradiated by He and Fe, in absence of B, reveals significant differences in the average hyperfine magnetic field ( H 0.8 T). This can be attributed to changes in the local environment around the probe nuclei (57Fe) where either vacancies or the Cr distribution play a role. From depthprofiling by SPAS in Fe irradiated samples, a large concentration of vacan-

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

cyÂtype defects is found with a profile that extends deeper than that predicted by computer simulations. Furthermore, sequential irradiation by Fe and He ions indicates that the He atoms tend to fill the vacancy clusters just in the depth where the He is implanted. On the other hand, small but significant differences in vacancy type defect profiles are

found between the samples irradiated both in the presence and absence of a magnetic field (B 0.4 T) both independently of single and sequential irradiation. Detailed Mossbauer spectroscopy and SPAS analysis seem to point out that external magnetic fields could be a non-negligible parameter in the material damage due to ion irradiation.

Le t a and Ri t Fi ed Moss a er s ectra or Fe Cr irradiated y He sam es , , to , as recei ed centre, sam e and Fe irradiated o om, sam es , a in t e a sence o an e terna ma netic fie d o B in t e resence o an e terna ma netic fie d B T e co o red ea s are se tets s o in different Cr nei o rin ro s

A Understanding radiation-induced damage in ironÂchromium alloys is critical for the use of advanced steels in future fusion reactors.

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

However, the role of the strong magnetic fields present in such magnetically confined plasma devices on material damage, though

considered important, has not been thoroughly explored to date. In this work, irradiation experiments of Fe8 Cr1 alloy (1 Cr content) by heavy (Fe) and light (He) ions have been carried out in order to characterize the damage and, additionally, the in uence of an external magnetic field (B 0.4 T) has been taken into account. The analysis of the data has been done with different techniques, the distribution of the Cr and/ or vacancies around probe nuclei has been explored by Mossbauer spectroscopy and the vacancy profile by Slow Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy (SPAS). Comparison between samples irradiated by He and Fe, in absence of B, reveals significant differences in the average hyperfine magnetic field ( H 0.8 T). This can be attributed to changes in the local environment around the probe nuclei (57Fe) where either vacancies or the Cr distribution play a role. From depthprofiling by SPAS in Fe irradiated samples, a large concentration of vacancytype defects is found with a profile that extends deeper than that predicted by computer simulations. Furthermore, sequential irradiation by Fe and He ions indicates that the He atoms tend to fill the vacancy clusters just in the depth where the He is implanted. On the other hand, small but significant differences in vacancy type defect profiles are found between the samples irradiated both in the presence and absence of a magnetic field (B 0.4 T) both independently of single and sequential irradiation. Detailed Mossbauer spectroscopy and SPAS analysis seem to point out that external magnetic fields could be a non-negligible parameter in the material damage due to ion irradiation.

A watercooled motorized ferro uid feed through has been chosen with its rotation controller for installation in the specific irradiation chamber of the beam degrader. The controller is able to maintain constant rotation at 1,000 rpm and to stop the wheel in the open blade position to avoid foil damage. The vacuum chamber has been designed and manufactured to house properly the degrader wheel, the sample holder itself and its diagnostics. The necessary set of vacuum pumps and gauges for the degrader chamber has been also installed in the line. Proper butter y and venting valves were also installed in the vacuum chamber to avoid foil damage during the first stages of chamber air evacuation and venting. The vacuum chamber is equipped with an Z motorized sample holder for multi sample experiments. This sample holder includes also an oven specially designed to operate at controlled temperature in the range between room temperature and 600 C.

Fig.4. Umbrella shaped wheel of the beam energy degrader prototype

Ac no led e en s This collaboration has been partially supported by MICIU Projects (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades) E E201 70300 C31R, E E2016767 R (AEI/FEDER) and TechnoFusion Project (S2013/MAE274 ) of the CAM (Comunidad Autónoma Madrid). Authors

also acknowledge the European Communities within the European Fusion Technology Programme (Eurofusion) 20142018 under agreement 6330 3. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily re ect those of the European Commission

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

Publications: 1.

nche arc a or s arco i ne e A aira as ellanos ila arra In ence o an e terna ma netic fie d on dama e y se -ion irradiation in Fe Cr a oy, uclear Materials and Energy 9 (2016) 476–479

arcelo old n ilar ern nde oa u n a s ernando os nche and Adri n e errero Nanoindentation and TEM to Study the Cavity Fate after Post-Irradiation Annealing of He Implanted EUROFER97 and EUODS EUROFER”, Micromachines 2018, 9, 633.

Included in the book Small Scale Deformation Using Advanced anoindentation Techniques MDPI editor ISB 9783038979678 available at https://www.mdpi.com/books/ pdfview/book/1333 3.

arc a or s e ue nche A aira A oro o u o ce anoic and arco, Study of damage in binary Fe Cr a oys irradiated y ions and t e effect o an e terna ma netic fie d d rin irradiation, Journal of uclear Materials 17 (2019) 138 147

Others Publications: 1.

u o ern nde arc a ors nche A aira adicicco ana i ili i on o A. Moroño, Radiation effects on deuterium permeation for PLD alumina coated Eurofer steel measured during 1.8 MeV electron irradiation. Journal of uclear Materials 12 (2018) 118-125.

2. and

u o A oro o nche A aira arc a or Ioni in radiation effects

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

on the thermal stability of deuterium trapping in reaction bonded SiC. Journal of uclear Materials 508 (2018) 219-225 3.

e ano ic Au er e ue de as ro o ano ere arc a or s Pareja, C aracterisation o ODS Fe- Cr- Ti e ore and a ter i tem erat re tri e and low temperature single ion irradiations”. Materials Characterization Volume: 136 Pages: 318-330 (2018)

3.3. PUBLICATIONS 1. A ull e li en on A uñozMart n, li ares Zucchiatti A Ion Beam Modification o Die ectric Materia s in t e Electronic Excitation Regime: Cumulative and Exciton Models. Progress in Materials Science 2016, 76 (Supplement C), 1–58. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2015.06.002. 2. A ull e li en on A uño ar in A Zucchiatti A Alternative Approaches to Electronic Damage by Ion-Beam Irradiation: Exciton Models. Phys. Status Solidi A 2016, 213 (11), 2960–2968. https://doi. org/10.1002/pssa.201600037. 3.

arradas arc a Núñe edondo u ero A hen un au Analytical Simulation of RBS Spectra of Nanowire Samples. uclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 2016, 371 (Supplement C), 116–120. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.nimb.2015.08.080. a o innichen o ü ner edondo u ero A Bonding Structure and Morphology of Chromium Oxide Films Grown y P sed-DC Reacti e Ma netron S er Deposition. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2016, 672 (Supplement C), 529–535. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.02.194. ellin a ell n er arero Andersen Correction: Spectroscopic Characteristics of the OSIRIS near-Bac sca erin Crysta Ana yser S ectrometer on the ISIS Pulsed Neutron Source. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2016, 18 (11), 8243–8243. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CP900 7G. achiller erea e elle A ho , ehar Damage Accumulation in MgO Irradiated with MeV Au Ions at Elevated Temperatures. Journal of uclear Materials 2016, 478 (Supplement C), 268–274. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.06.003. ra a i eo A odol Zs al er Al ora A u io A ra un raile Al ahan Al ho ashi et al. Decay of the N=126, 213Fr Nucleus. Phys. Rev. C 2016, 94 (6), 064316. https://doi. org/10.1103/PhysRevC.94.064316.

i i riou ec er o dano i hiari oncharo A esus ado i A a uee iss A Z a o annis A äisänen et al. Development of a Reference Database for Particle-Induced Gamma-Ray Emission Spectroscopy. uclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 2016, 371 (Supplement C), 33–36. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.nimb.2015.09.052. Muñoz-Mart ne u era a arruia arc a a añes A A ull e arrascosa Diffracti e O tica De ices Produced by Light-Assisted Trapping of Nanoparticles. Opt. Lett., OL 2016, 41 (2), 432–43 . https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.41.000432. ian ar nez-Mart ne orres os a A ull ueda arc a-Ruiz, anso il n, M. Direct Laser ritin o Nanorough Cell Microbarriers on Anatase/Si and Graphite/Si. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2016, 66 (Supplement C), 8–15. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2016.04.059. 11. ar alho üller as ar cho aler rie ehr ens osenauer A en arc a edondo u ero A oren et al. Direct Measurement of Polarization-Induced Fields in GaN/AlN by Nano-Beam E ectron Diffraction Scientific Reports 2016, 6, srep28459. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep284 9. 12. achiller erea i ne e uñoz-Mart n A A ull e Exciton Mechanisms and Modeling of the Ionoluminescence in Silica. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 2016, 49 (8), 085501. https://doi.org/10.1088/0022 3727/49/8/085501. 13. raile errai d as al on le or o s aña erran re i a icado icene et al. Experimental Validation of Gallium Production and Isotope-Dependent Positron Range Correction in PET. uclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 2016, 814 (Supplement C), 110–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. nima.2016.01.013.

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14. rie o i uera de la ar n arc a rie o arco Fourfold In-Plane Magnetic Anisotropy of Magnetite Thin Films Grown on TiN B ffered Si y Ion-Assisted S ering. J. Mater. Chem. C 2016, 4 (32), 7632–7639. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TC021 2B. 15. odri ue a lace allach rez, ellacani ar n al a orres os a eccone anso il n, M. Hydro o ic Per oro-Si ane F nctiona i ation of Porous Silicon Photoluminescent Films and Particles. Applied Surface Science 2016, 380 (Supplement C), 243–248. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.01.119. 16. Peña odr ue res illo azNuñe erlado i era A li ares, J. In Situ Monitoring the Optical Properties of Dielectric Materials during Ion Irradiation. Opt. Mater. Express, OME 2016, 6 (3), 734– 742. https://doi.org/10.1364/OME.6.000734. elo de an ana orres os a Behar, ias olau on reras uen e elo de Infi tration o ZnO in Mesoporous Silicon by Isothermal Zn Annealing and Oxidation. ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. 2016, 5 (2), P6–P11. https://doi. org/10.1149/2.0031602jss. S nche arc a or s arco i ne e aira A as ellanos ila arra . In ence o an E terna Magnetic Field on Damage by Self-Ion Irradiation in Fe Cr A oy uclear Materials and Energy 2016, 9 (Supplement C), 476–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2016.0 .010. a a

ideras addad a ao arc a-Hern nde li en on A Zucchiatti A a os A Investigation of the Magnetic Properties of Proton Irradiated Type Ib HPHT Diamond. Diamond and Related Materials 2016, 64 (Supplement C), 197–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2016.02.019. endler o ole A edondo uero A oren Ion-Beam Ind ced Effects in Multi-Layered Semiconductor Systems. Phys. Status Solidi B 2016, 253 (11), 2099–2109. https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.20160040 . 21. chi o a e o achoncinlle erriere is or e i A Au r rez asero illon IR Emission and Electrical

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Cond cti ity o Nd N -Codo ed TiO 2) Thin Films Grown by Pulsed-Laser Deposition. Applied Surface Science 2016, 389, 1062–1068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.07.128. 22.

a ao ideras addad a os A arc a-Hern nde li en on A Zucchiatti A uño ar in A hrias a a ras us Magnetic Properties of Point Defects in Proton Irradiated Diamond. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 2016, 413 (Supplement C), 76–80. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.04.030.

23. rie o i uera

hen ch id A de la Magnetism of Epitaxial Tb Films on St died y S in-Po ari ed Lo -Ener y Electron Microscopy. Phys. Rev. B 2016, 94 (17), 174445. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.94.174445.

24. hiari aciolli A al olai lien on A ucarelli a a Meas rement o Proton Ine astic Sca erin Cross Sections on Fluorine. uclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 2016, 384 (Supplement C), 37–41. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.nimb.2016.08.004. 25.

arc a reda az-H ar or o M r ue eña odr ue li ares osia u no icollo iun ini et a Micro and Nano-Pa ernin of Single-Crystal Diamond by Swift Heavy Ion Irradiation. Diamond and Related Materials 2016, 69 (Supplement C), 1–7. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.diamond.2016.06.015.

26. Hern nde inilla odr ue alo o A l are ra a s edes rie o uñoz-Mart n A rie o MoSi Si3N4 Absorber for High Temperature Solar Selective Coating. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2016, 152 (Supplement C), 141–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2016.04.001. oren

edondo u ero A ourenço, e ueira eres rei as A Al es Al es ei ão odriues et a ant m e Intermi in and Radiation Effects in InGaN GaN M ti ant m e s International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2016; Vol. 9748, p 97480L. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2211429.

Hern nde inilla odr ue alo o A l are ra a s edes rie o uñoz-Mart n A rie o Spectral Reectance Data o a Hi Tem erat re Sta e So ar Se ecti e Coatin Based on MoSi Si N Data in Brief 2016, 7 (Supplement C), 1483–148 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2016.04.040. achiller erea e elle A ho roco ette Study of the Initial Stages of Defect Generation in Ion-Irradiated MgO at Elevated Temperatures Using High-Resolution X-Ray Diffraction J Mater Sci 2016, 1 (3), 14 6–1462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s108 301 946 3. M n ue acho odr ue e li en on A ichou ue ern nde lez, M. Variation of the Refractive Index by Means of Sulfate Anion Incorporation into Nanoporous Anodic Aluminum Oxide Films. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 2016, 225 (Supplement C), 192–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2015.12.011. 31. Zucchiatti A al n rie o A Proced re to Correct or Tar et T ic ness Effects in Heavy-Ion PIXE at MeV Energies. uclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 2017, 407, 1–4. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.nimb.2017.05.022. 32. res illo raha A ull e Zhan e er Correlation between Cr3+ Luminescence and Oxygen Vacancy Disorder in Strontium Titanate under MeV Ion Irradiation. J. Phys. Chem. C 2017, 121 (36), 19758–19766. https://doi.org/10.1021/ acs.jpcc.7b04352. 33. rie o Zucchiatti A al n rie o P. Cross Sections of X-Ray Production Induced by C and Si Ions with Energies up to 1MeV/u on Ti, Fe, Zn, Nb, Ru and Ta. uclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 2017, 406 (Part A), 167–172. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.nimb.2017.01.047. 34. rie o al n Zucchiatti A Cross Sections of X-Ray Production Induced on Ti, Fe, Zn, Nb and Ta by O, Cl, Cu and Br Ions with Eneries et een Me and Me uclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Sec-

tion B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 2017, 410 (Supplement C), 102–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2017.08.008. 35. res illo A ull e Zucchia ti, A. Cumulative Approaches to Track Formation under Swift Heavy Ion (SHI) Irradiation: Phenomenological Correlation with Formation Energies of Frenkel Pairs. uclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 2017, 394, 20–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb. 2016.12.022. 36.

ao Z o ero edondo u ero A a ill n A Andr s alle F. Effects o Gd O Gate Die ectric on ProtonIrradiated AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. IEEE Electron Device Letters 2017, 38 ( ), 611–614. https:// doi.org/10.1109/LED.2017.2682795. ou s An leraud nsa u er anso l el A A essier Electrical Behavior of Nickel/Carbon Nanocomposite Thin Films. Carbon 2017, 111, 878–886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2016.10.0 3. ian an Z u an an A ureshi nsa orres osa aira A en a esan reese M. B. H. High Aspect Ratio Channels in Glass and Porous Silicon. uclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 2017, 394, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb. 2016.12.025. oren endler edondo u ero A a arino hau a ch ai er chol Al es u erana Implantation Damage Formation in A-, c- and m-Plane GaN. Acta Materialia 2017, 123, 177–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.10.020. A ull ueda ordillo nsa aira A añas a os A La ice Damage in 9-MeV-Carbon Irradiated Diamond and Its Recovery after Annealing. Carbon 2017, 123 (Supplement C), 334–343. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.carbon.2017.07.076.

41. A ull ueda nsa ordillo aira A oreno errada a os A. Micro-Raman Spectroscopy of near-Surface Damage in Diamond Irradiated with 9-MeV Boron Ions. Diamond and Related Materials

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2017, 72, 94–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2017.01.010.

Scientific Reports 2017, 7 (1), 922. https://doi. org/10.1038/s41598-017-01145-0.

42. i era A li ares rada A res illo a urla rin a erlado eña odr ue Permanent Modifications in Silica Produced by Ion-Induced High Electronic Excitation: Experiments and Atomistic Simulations. Scientific Reports 2017, 7 (1), 10641. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41 98017111824.

li en A arcia aS nche crist n ern nde lez, M. ZnO1XTex Thin Films Deposited by Reactive Magnetron Co-S erin Com osition, Str ct re and Optical Properties. MRS Advances 2017, 2 (53), 3111–3116. https://doi.org/10.1 7/adv. 2017.361.

43. res illo raha A ull e Zhan e er Role of Oxygen Vacancies on Light Emission Mechanisms in SrTiO 3 Induced by High-Energy Particles. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 2017, 0 (1 ), 1 303. https:// doi.org/10.1088/13616463/aa627f.

Zucchiatti A li en on A u i rrezeira on ero ui uenla rada alindo Amorphous Glass Fragments from Archaeological Surface Surveys: Potential Chronological Use of Ion Beam and Isotopic Analytical Characterization. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 2018, 19, 439–4 3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep. 2018.03.01 .

44. rie o ar o Strans i rastano Mec anism o Gro t and t e Effect o Misfit Sign on Quantum Dots Nucleation. Surface Science 2017, 664 (Supplement C), 172–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2017.0 .018. 45.

a o rucnal re asero aretti i ne un i ornelius S. Structural Impact of Chromium Incorporation in As-Gro n and F as -Lam -Annea ed S er Deposited Titanium Oxide Films. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2017, 729, 438–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.09.184.

46. nsa A ull ueda ordillo aira A oreno errada a os A. St dy o t e Effects o Foc sed Hi -Ener y Boron Ion Implantation in Diamond. uclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 2017, 404, 207–210. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2017.01.052. Punz n ui orna a ari hröder A ull ueda anso il n art n al a errero ern nde orres os a li en on A Study of the Formation Mechanism of Hierarchical Silicon Str ct res Prod ced y Se entia Ion Beam Irradiation and Anodic Etching. Vacuum 2017, 138, 238–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2016.10.011. Peña odr ue rada A li ares li er A odr ue ern nde il a ere ra rin a erlado ivera, A. Understanding the Ion-Induced Elongation of Silver Nanoparticles Embedded in Silica.

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51. erea A u i rre eira li en Font, A. Archaeometric Investigation of a Hellenistic Golden Funerary Belt: A Case Study. Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry 2018, 18 (3), 1–16. https://doi.org/10. 281/zenodo.1461657. 52. odr ue Ahu ada e ri n orres os a anso il n, M. Bionctiona Poro s Si icon Micro a erns En ineered through Visible Light Activated Epoxy Capping and Selective Plasma Etching. Vacuum 2018, 150, 232–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. vacuum.2018.01.045. 53.

elo de arc a ela o on le once ci n anso il n e e reda au on le lien on A orres os a Chemically Driven Isothermal Closed Space Vapor Transport of MoO2: Thin Films, Flakes and in Situ Tellurization. J. Mater. Chem. C 2018, 6 (2 ), 6799– 6807. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TC0168 B.

54. once ci n al n Arellano orres os a li en on A ahena Manso Silv n sco osa A de elo O. Controlling the Epitaxial Growth of Bi2Te3, BiTe, and Bi4Te3 Pure Phases by Physical Vapor Transport. Inorg. Chem. 2018, 57 (16), 10090– 10099. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem. 8b01235. 55. rie o arco rie o ui oe ere del eal ue de la i uera Epitaxial Integration of Co-

Fe O T in Fi ms on Si S r aces Usin TiN B ffer Layers Applied Surface Science 2018, 436, 1067–1074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.12.111. 56.

uesada A el ado ascual Aran A ar n ranados iralles oers er A alle rie o de la i uera et al. Exchange-Spring Behavior below the Exchange Length in Hard-Soft Bilayers in M tidomain Confi rations Phys. Rev. B 2018, 98 (21), 214435. https://doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevB.98.214435. odri ue orres os a Ahu ada e ri n e A ad a A Manso Silv n, M. Gold Nanoparticle Triggered Dual Optoplasmonic-Impedimetric Sensing of Prostate-S ecific Anti en on Interdi itated Porous Silicon Platforms. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 2018, 267, 9– 64. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.03.179. ren ro li ares or o r ue arc a-Blanco, S. M. High-Contrast Slab a e ide Fa rication in O y S it Heavy Ion Irradiation. In Integrated Optics: Devices, Materials, and Technologies XXII; GarcíaBlanco, S. M., Cheben, P., Eds. SPIE: San Francisco, United States, 2018; p 22. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.229004 . Muño oroño A nche aira A arc a or s, I. Ionizing Radiation Effects on t e T erma Sta i ity o De teri m Trapping in Reaction Bonded SiC. Journal of uclear Materials 2018, 08, 219–22 . https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.05.053. res illo raha A ull e Zhan e er Isolated Oxygen Vacancies in Strontium Titanate Shine Red O tica Identification o Ti Po arons Applied Materials Today 2018, 12, 131–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2018.04.006.

61. a adan i i nsa anso Silv n, M. Microwave Plasma Annealing of

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Sol-Gel Deposited Tantalum Oxide and Zinc Oxide Films. Vacuum 2018, 149, 336–342. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2018.01.007. 62.

ar inussen ren ro i s ra e erin or o r ue li ares arc a-Blanco, S. Pedestal Disk Resonator in Potassi m ri m Do e T n state. In Integrated Optics: Devices, Materials, and Technologies XXII; International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2018 Vol. 10 3 , p 105350Q. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2289887.

63. Muño ern nde arc a or s, nche aira A adicicco ana i ili i on o oroño, A. Radiation Effects on De teri m Permeation for PLD Alumina Coated Eurofer Steel Measured during 1.8 MeV Electron Irradiation. Journal of uclear Materials 2018, 512, 118–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.10.008. 64. inilla arrio on le rez asero r ue an oran Role of Hydrogen in the Preparation of Amorphous Silicon Nanowires by Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching. J. Phys. Chem. C 2018, 122 (39), 22667–22674. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc. 8b05332. 65.

aña A or o r ue orren e A Muño an ius e li ares ard o, M. Swift Heavy Ion Irradiation Induces Enhancement in Electrical Conductivity of LiTaO3 and LiNbO3 Crystals. uclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 2018, 435, 152–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. nimb.2017.11.010.

66. radell ernandes olina ih A olera li en on A Tite, M. S. Technology of Production of Syrian Lustre (11th to 13th Century). Journal of the European Ceramic Society 2018, 38 (7), 2716–2727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2018.01.046.

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

3.4. CONFERENCES 1.

aidani llah a een archetti car a ossi oser re asero ar ali ottardi Graphene and meta o ide N O and TiO interaction Strain and surface transfer doping study European Material Research Society Spring Meeting 2016 Lille (France) May 2016.

u a hosh i o ali rias a a A ra a de al re asero En ancin e ciency o c-Si so ar ce y sin Si icon ric si icon nitride SRSN fi ms as Antire ection coatin Ener y Materia s Nanotec nology 2D Materials Meeting 2016 San Sebastian (Spain) May 2016.

idio e a odr ue a lo a e es s on le uierdo uiller o onle u io a riel ala anian Andr s uerrero ar ne An onio i era os li ares os anuel erlado uis añares, Nanoparticle multilayers and colloidal solutions of silver nanoparticles synthesized by femtosecond pulsed laser ablation, The 7th International Conference on Metamaterials, Photonic Crystals and Plasmonics (META-2016), Oral presentation. or o r ue a ar arrascosa ard o and li ares Damage in LiTaO3 induced by high energy heavy ion irradiation: from nuclear to electronic damage. REI 2017 (Radiation Effects in Insulators), Versalles, France July 2017. Oral presentation.

rie o and A Zucchiatti X-ray production cross sections from C and Si up to 1 MeV/amu on Ti, Fe, Zn, Nb, Ru and Ta, oral contribution, 12th. European Conference on Accelerators in Applied Research and Technology (ECAART 12), Jyv askyl , Finland, July 2016. res illo raha A ullo o e Zhan e er SrTiO3 under ion-beam irradiation at high electronic excitation densities: evidence for self-trapped electrons, Presented by M.L. Crespillo at 24th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI 2016), Renaissance Worthington Hotel, Fort Worth, Texas (USA), Oct. ov. 2016. Invited talk. res illo raha A ullo o e Zhan e er SrTiO3 under highly ionizing irradiation: evidence for selftrapped electrons, Presented by . Zhang at Materials Research Society Fall Meeting 2016 (MRS 2016), Boston, Massachusetts (USA), ov.Dec. 2, 2016. Oral presentation. nsa A ull ueda ordillo A aira oreno errada A a os St dy o t e effects o oc sed i -ener y Boron ion implantation in diamond, 15th International Conference on uclear Microprobe Technology Applications (IC MTA), Lanzhou, China, 2016. Oral presentation. A a os nsa A ull ueda a as A aira ordillo Superconducting microchannels of boron-doped diamond by MeV ion-beam irradiation, 12th International Workshop on Magnetism and Superconductivity at anoscale, Comarruga, Tarragona, Spain, 2016. Oral presentation.

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

Al aro a a ic oria or o ar ue uan nri ue u o an ius e Aurora orren e ose li ares and i uel ardio Swift Heavy Ion Irradiation induces enhancement in electrical conductivity of LiTaO3 and LiNbO3 crysta s REI (Radiation Effects in Insulators), Versalles, France July 2017. Poster. 11.

ordillo nsa A ullo ueda a as A a rera A aira A a os In search of superconductivity in diamond irradiated with MeV boron ions, 13th International Workshop on Magnetism Superconductivity at the anoscale, Comaruga, Spain, July 2017. Invited talk.

12.

A a os nsa ordillo A aira A ull ueda Irradiating with MeV ion beams to produce superconducting or magnetic microstructures, 13th International Workshop on Magnetism Superconductivity at the anoscale, Comaruga, Spain, July 2017. Poster.

13.

or o r ue a ar u era arrascosa Ali in hur and J. Olivares, High energy heavy ion irradiations in LiTaO3: damage characterization and optimization of optical waveguides, REI 2017 (Radiation Effects in Insulators), Versalles, France, July 2017. Poster

14.

el ado oria A and ia u n n ue nche Arenillas alos J.F. Marco, J.E. Prieto, P. Prieto, M. Foerster, A alle A uesada and de la i uera Strontium hexaferrite: from single crystal to thin

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fi ms, Iberian Vacuum Conference (RIVA ), Bilbao, Spain, October 2017. Oral contribution 15.

res illo raha A ull e Zhan and e er Correlation between Cr3+ Luminescence and Oxygen Vacancy Disorder in SrTiO3 under MeV Ion Irradiation, Presented by M.L. Crespillo at Materials Science Technology 2017 (MS T 2017), Pittsburgh, PA (USA), October 2017. Oral presentation.

16.

res illo raha A ull e Zhan e er Light emission mechanisms induced by MeV ion irradiation in strontium titanate, presented by M.L.Crespillo at 21th International Conference on Ion Beam Modification of Materials (IBMM 2018), San Antonio, Texas, (USA), 24–29 June 2018. Invited talk. i uel An el a os uria ordillo anuel ora alla a ael i ne io o Alicia de Andr s ar a olores nsa Superconductivity in boron-doped diamond by ionbeam irradiation, 14th International Workshop on Magnetism Superconductivity at the anoscale, Comaruga, Spain, July 2018. Invited talk. i uel A a os uria ordillo anuel ora alla a ael i ne io o Alicia de Andr s olores nsa Superconductivity in boron-doped diamond by ion-beam irradiation, School on quantum materials and workshop on vortex behavior in unconventional

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superconductors, Braga, Portugal, October 2018. Invited talk. res illo raha A ull e Zhan e er Correlation between Cr3+ Luminescence and Oxygen Vacancy Disorder in SrTiO3 under MeV Ion Irradiation, presented by J.T. Graham at 2 th Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI 2018), Grapevine, Texas, (USA), August 2018. Invited oral. A

and ia de la i uera el ado nche rie o rie o A uesada ui e oers er and Aballe, Ultrathin antiferromagnetic mixed nice -co a t o ide fi ms, European Conference on Surface Science, Aarhus, Denmark, 2631 August 2018. 21. A and ia el ado nche Arenillas rie o rie o A uesada oers er de la i uera and A alle Ultrathin antiferromagnetic oxides with tunable properties, oral contribution, 9th Joint European Magnetic Symposia (JEMS) Conference 2018, Mainz, Germany, September 2018. 22. A and ia el ado nche Arenillas ranados iralles rie o rie o oers er A alle de la i uera and A uesada Ultrathin antiferromagnetic oxides with tunable properties, The 11th International Conference on LEEM/PEEM (LEEMPEEM11), Chongqing, China, Oct. ov. 2018.

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

3.5. RESEARCH PROJECTS INVOLVING CMAM MEMBERS 1.

Financed by: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Duration: 30/12/2016 29/12/2019 P.I.: J.M. Merino, R. Caballero 2.

ue as ron eras del nano a ne is o unda en al a licado A A Financed by: Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid Duration: 01/10/2014 – 31/12/2018 G.R.: Rodolfo Miranda Soriano P.I.: Miguel A. Ramos. Laboratorio 287 de Bajas Temperaturas Redlab Madrid :

Financed by: EU Framework Programme Horizon 2020 Duration: 18/10/2017 – 17/10/2021 P.I.: H. Suderow (UAM)

ecnolo ias de calco enuros de anda rohi ida ancha ara a licaciones de ener a solar de a o cos e al a e ciencia

a ricaci n con haces de iones de al as ener as de icro nanocanales en silicio oroso reo ara a licaciones o nicas A A Financed by: UAM Banco Santander Asia Duration: 01/07/201 31/12/2016 P.I.: M Dolores nsa Alcalá s udio a ricaci n de icro es ruc uras su erconduc oras en dia an e edian e irradiaci n de iones de oro A A Financed by: UAM Banco Santander Asia Duration: 01/07/2017 31/12/2018 P.I.: Miguel A. Ramos anoscale coheren h rid de ices or su erconduc in uan u echnolo ies (Nanocohybri) Ac ion A

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

reci ien o es ruc ura elec r nica de a eriales ara es in r nica aleaciones in ercaras aislan es o ol icos A Financed by: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Duration: 01/01/201 31/12/2017 P.I.: Enrique García Michel. ro ra a echno usi n A Coordinator: ngel Ibarra Sánchez. Financed by: Comunidad de Madrid. Duration: 01/10/2014 31/12/2018. P.I. Jos Emilio Prieto e elo en o olecular concen ra ion a in echni ues usin e ocussed ion ea s oordina ed esearch ro ec Financed by: Agencia Internacional de la Energía Atómica (IAEA). Duration 04/04/2014 - 04/04/2018. P.I. Jos Emilio Prieto sica de ott ara a licaciones en co aci n neuro r ca

Financed by: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Duratinon 01/01/2018 - 31/12/2020 P.I. Enrique García Michel.

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3.6. PhD THESES Ion-Irradiation-Induced Damage in Nuclear Materials – Case Study of a-SiO2 and MgO

his thesis was defended by iana achiller Perea at the Faculty of Sciences of the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid on 21th June 2016.

In this thesis two materials have been studied: amorphous silica (aSiO2) and magnesium oxide (MgO). Both materials are insulating oxides with applications in the nuclear energy industry.

it to the study of the mechanisms of irradiation damage in materials, proving the power of this technique. For this purpose, the ionoluminescence of three different types of silica (containing different amounts of OH groups) has been studied in detail and used to describe the creation and evolution of point defects under irradiation. In the case of MgO, the damage produced under 1.2 MeV Au irradiation has been characterized using Rutherford backscattering spectro metry in channeling configuration and ray diffraction. Finally, the ionoluminescence of MgO under different irradiation conditions has also been studied. The results obtained in this thesis help to understand the irradiation-damage processes in materials, which is essential for the development of new nuclear energy sources.

Highenergy ion irradiations have been carried out at different accelerator facilities to induce the irradiation damage in these two materials then, the mechanisms of damage have been characterized using principally Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) techniques. One of the challenges of this thesis was to develop the Ion Beam Induced Luminescence or ionoluminescence (which is not a widely known IBA technique) and to apply

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Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

3.7. MsC THESES Fabrication and Characterization of Conductive Micro-channels in Diamond by 9 MeV Boron Irradiation uden Jesús Cañas Fernández Title: Fabrication and Characterization of Conductive Micro-channels in Diamond by 9 MeV Boron Irradiation ro ra Master in Physics of Condensed Matter and Biological Systems, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, UAM. u er isors ngel Ramos

uria Gordillo and Miguel

a e September 2017 u ar We have fabricated different hea vily Boron doped channels by high energy implantation at 9 MeV on diamond. The sample in which the channels have been irradiated has been annealed at 1000 C to heal defects caused by implantation. Electrical characterization was performed from room temperature to 2.3 after contacting our channels with an aluminum deposition with a sputtering. Resistance versus temperature curves show a behavior alike Boron doped CVD diamond but no superconducting transition was found. In further studies, lowering temperature to 1 is a next point to reach, to clarify if a superconductor transition can happen at lower temperatures.

Photograph of a single crystal of diamond with irradiation stri es o oron ions it different ences (from J. Cañas MSc thesis).

Experimental setup to measure the electrical resistivity of boron-doped diamond at low temperatures (from J. Cañas MSc thesis).

Search for superconductivity in heavily boron-doped diamond uden Alejandro J. Cabrera Gallardo Title: Search for superconductivity in hea vily boron-doped diamond.

ro ra Master in Advanced Materials, Department of Applied Physics, UAM. u er isor María Dolores nsa Alcalá

a e June 2017

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u ar In this work we have studied the damage caused to the crystalline network of diamond when irradiations are carried out using focused microbeams of Boron ions. The ultimate goal is to create semiconductor microchannels and even superconductors within a diamond substrate. Monocrystalline diamonds (100) have been irradiated with focused beams of 11B3+ ions of 9MeV at a depth of m, with

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uences ranging between 1.1x1015 and 1x1017 ions/cm to generate various levels of damage in the network. This damage has been studied as a function of depth by microÂRaman spectroscopy and photoluminescence. In addition, the accuracy of this technique to implant patterns in a diamond sample has been verified by obtaining images of the boron distribution from the nuclear reaction 11 B(p, )8Be.

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Scientific Research

3.8. UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS uden Jesús Cañas Fernández Title: Fabrication and characterization of microchannels in diamond by boron irradiation at 9 MeV ro ra Graduation Work (Trabajo de Fin de Grado), UAM u er isors María Dolores and Miguel ngel Ramos

nsa Alcalá

a e June 2016

uden Bastien Vrecourt (IUT Mesures Physiques, Universit Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France) Title: Scan coil calibration of cmam internal microbeam line

Diamond sam e a ter different irradiations er ormed in t e internal microbeam line, with boron at 9 MeV (below) and at 8 MeV (above, employing an Al mask).

ro ra Programme d’ ducation et de formation tout au long de la vie u er isor María Dolores nsa Alcalá a e 2017

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0 4. O utreach activities

4.1. ACCELERATOR FOR THE YOUNGEST: Summer Scientific Campus

he Summer Scientific Campuses are an initiative by the Spanish Foundation for Science and Technology (FEC T) and the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport, supported by the La Caixa Foundation to foster, among preuniversity students, scientific vocations and innovative talent. Started in 2010, in this eighth edition more than 1900 4thyear lower secondary students and 1styear uppersecondary students from all over the country participated in one of 64 scientific projects designed for them by university researchers in collaboration with secondary school teachers. The programme was carried out in 16 Campuses of International/Regional Excellence during the month of July over four weeks with four different groups of students in the broad fields of science, technology, engineering, mathematics, biomedicine, ICT.

As a university research centre, the CMAM undertakes the commitment to support training and dissemination of science at any level, actively participating in dissemination events. We give special attention to promote science among youth to motivate future scientist and, as a result, the 2017 edition was the seventh time that CMAM participated in this initiative with the new project Modifying optical properties of matter with an ion accelerator . Our proposal was one of the four offered by the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid in which four groups of young people could enjoy a unique scientific experience during a week. In this handson activity involving advanced instrumentation in a research environment, the participants learned first hand the work of a real researcher under the guidance of CMAM members Victoria Tormo, Patricia Galán, Jos Emilio Prieto and Jos Olivares. The students were led

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Outreach Activities

through all the steps of an ion beam modification and analysis of materials experiment with the accelerator as the principal actor. The activity consisted of modifying various materials (Li bO3, aSiO2, cSiO2) of great interest with applications in the field of photonics and nanotechnology through the use of swift heavy ion beam irradiation, generating waveguides structures that were subsequently characterized by the analysis of the changes in their fundamental optical properties. The students learned all the steps involved in a general scientific study from the scientific method, work techniques, obtaining and analyzing data with specific software and publicly dissemina ting the results. The Summer Scientific Campus of the academic year 20162017 at CMAM was deve loped in four sessions: Session 1 Presentation of the facility and the project. Introduction to the theoretical fundamentals on which the study is based (optical pro perties of matter, notions about accelerators and physics of ionmatter interaction).

Session 2 The students performed reference measurements in the CMAM optical laboratory such

109

as transmittance, re ectance and absorption on nonirradiated samples, Li bO3, aSiO2, cSiO2.

Session 4 Measurement of propagation losses in waveguides with the He e laser and ana lysis of results with specific software. Session 5 Presentations of the scientific work and results made by the students during the last session of the campus. Both teachers and students enjoyed this rewarding experience. The young people showed enthusiasm and respect for the undertaking of the project, engaging fully in the tasks and asking questions that showed a high level of scientific curiosity, active thinking and collaborative work. After completing the stay, a valuation survey was conducted. Participants showed a high level of satisfaction, achievement and gratitude. Indeed, many of the students kept in touch with the CMAM members communicating their intention to pursue a scientific career.

Session 3 In this session, the irradiation of the samples in the implantation beamline was carried out. The group was in charge of the control of all parameters during irradiation. In this session, the irradiation of the samples in the implantation beamline was carried out. The group was in charge of the control of all parameters during irradiation.

The volume of the Spanish Journal of Phy sics (Vol. 31, 4), edited by the Spanish Royal Society of Physics, includes the paper u as de onda icas odi cando las ro iedades de la a eria con un acele rador de iones . It is an informative paper about the Summer Scientific Campus which took place at CMAM in 2017.

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Activity Report 2016-2018 | Outreach Activities

4.2. OPEN DAYS AT CMAM

he CMAM, aware of the meaning of the dissemination in the society, has consolidated its commitment by creating new strategies to communicate more effectively its research and work in the field of the ion beam techniques.

Every year, CMAM participates in different dissemination activities in order to awake scientific vocations among the youngest, highlighting matters of equality (women and science) and bringing the science and CMAM’s research to the society.

Science Week The Science Week is one of the most impor tant events about science in Europe and has the goal of bringing science and technology to the citizens. The Science Week is organized by the Gene ral Directorate for Universities and Research of the Community of Madrid, through Madri d Foundation for nowledge and its aim is to encourage the development of harmonious relations between science and society, and contribute to scientists re ect critically with the concerns of society.

In a new approach toward dissemination, in the 18th edition of the Madrid Science and Innovation Week, the CMAM organized for the first time a scientific escaperoom themed around the accelerator, led by Carolina Guti rrez and uria Gordillo. Addressed to Bachelorlevel students, they tested and applied their knowledge in sciences (phy sics, chemistry, mathematics, and history of science) by solving questions and overcome challenges to find The lost particle .

CMAM has participated in the 17th and 18th editions of the Madrid Science and Innovation Week with open days and guided tours.

Due to the success of the activity, the CMAM decided to repeat the activity again during the international day of women and girls in science.

Moments of the activity during the Science Week, supervised by the CMAM members

Moments of the Scpae room “The loss particle” activity during the Science Week

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Outreach Activities

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International day of women and girls in science 11 February CMAM recognizes the importance and the in uence of gender equality into science. Therefore, CMAM is participating every February in inspiring and engaging women

and girls into science. owadays, CMAM organizes for this event a scientific escapeÂ room themed around the accelerator, as that mentioned above for the Science Week.

Dissemination of Physics Degree for bachelor students CMAM participates with the UAM physics departments in the dissemination sessions of the Physics degree. Students of several secondary schools of Madrid visit regularly the University and its physics departments. At CMAM, the students can see our experimental facility and can carry out an easy experiment to better understand our work in the centre.

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Activity Report 2016-2018 | Outreach Activities

4.3. GUIDED VISITS

MAM organizes guided visits where the visitors can walk through the control room and the experiment hall, discovering the accelerator, the diffe rent beamlines and our advances in diffe rent fields of research. CMAM receive regularly visits from schools, associations, groups, etc

isi s er or ed in

Institution

eo le Location

Guided by

Date

URJC

Madrid

Aurelio Climent

26/01/2016

Estiem

Madrid

Andr s Redondo

/02/2016

UAM

Madrid

M Dolores nsa

19/02/2016

UAMCIEMAT

Madrid

Jos Emilio Prieto

24/02/2016

Institutos de Bachillerato

Madrid

M Dolores nsa / Rafael P rez / Aran a Maira

30/03/2016

Cofis

Madrid

Alessandro Zucchiatti

11/04/2016

Cofis

Madrid

Andr s Redondo

1 /04/2016

Colegio Divina Pastora

Madrid

Jos Olivares

9/0 /2016 22/06/2016

U ED

Madrid

Jos Emilio Prieto / Rafael P rez

UAM

Madrid

Aran a Maira

20/10/2016

UPM

Madrid

Jos Olivares

24/10/2016

UPM

Madrid

Rafael P rez

14/11/2016

Scuola Italiana di Madrid

Madrid

Alessandro Zucchiatti

30/11/2016

URJC

Madrid

Jos Emilio Priet

2/12/2016

UAM

Madrid

M Dolores nsa

2/12/2016

UCM

Madrid

Aurelio Climent

13/12/2016

UAM

Madrid

Jos Emilio Prieto

13/12/2016

UAM

Madrid

Andr s Redondo

1 /12/2016

Madrid

M Dolores nsa / Andr s Redondo

16/12/2016

UAM

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Outreach Activities

113

isi s er or ed in Institution

eo le Location

Guided by

Date

IES Juana de Castilla

Madrid

Rafael P rez / Victor Joco / Jos Emilio Prieto

19/01/2017

Varios Centros

Madrid

Jos Olivares / Miguel A. Ramos

30/01/2017

UPCICAI

Madrid

Aurelio Climent

1/02/2017

Santa Gema Galgani

Madrid

Rafael P rez

22/02/2017

UAM

Madrid

Jos Emilio Prieto

22/02/2017

E. Grado Físicas UAM

Madrid

M Dolores nsa

10/03/2017

E. Bachillerato

Madrid

M Dolores nsa / Gordillo

UAM

Madrid

Andr s Redondo

uria

/04/2017 21/04/2017

Master Materiales Avanzados

Madrid

Andr s Redondo

10/0 /2017

UAM

Madrid

Carolina Gutierrez

17/07/2017

UAM

Madrid

Miguel A. Ramos

22/9/2017

Euraxess

Madrid

Jos Emilio Prieto

2 /9/2017

UAM

Madrid

M Dolores nsa / Gordillo

UPM

Madrid

Jos Olivares

UAM Ciencias

Madrid

uria Gordillo

19/10/2017

UPM

Madrid

Aurelio Climent

23/0/2017

Club de Ciencias de Magisterio UAM

Madrid

Jos Olivares

16/11/2017

UAM

Madrid

M Dolores nsa

Madrid

M Dolores nsa / Gordillo

UAM

uria

10/10/2017 16/10/2017

24/11/2017 uria

20/12/2017

isi s er or ed in Institution

eo le Location

Guided by

Date

17 12 10 20 8

Madrid

Carolina Gutierrez

18/01/2018

Madrid

Miguel A. Ramos

19/01/2018

Madrid

Jos Emilio Prieto

1/02/2018

Madrid

Andr s Redondo

6/02/2018

Madrid

Jos Emilio Prieto

12/02/2018

Madrid

uria Gordiloo / Rafael P rez

01/03/2018

Ets Ing. Industriales U ED

Madrid

Jos Emilio Prieto

2/03/2018

Institutos de Bachillerato

Madrid

M Dolores nsa / uria Gordillo / Andr s Redondo

22/03/2018

UAM Santa Gema Galgani CIEMAT UAM IES Rosa Chacel Etsi Industriales UPM UCC UAM

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Activity Report 2016-2018 | Outreach Activities

Institution

eo le Location

Guided by

Date

Master Radiaciones Ionizantes

Madrid

Andr s Redondo

13/04/2018

Escuela de Pensamiento Matemático

Madrid

Aran a Maira

4/0 /2018

Summer Campus 2018

Madrid

Carolina Gutierrez / Jos Olivares

4/07/2018

Summer Campus 2018

Madrid

Patricia Galán / Jos Emilio Prieto

11/07/2018

Summer Campus 2018

Madrid

Patricia Galán / Jos Emilio Prieto

18/07/2018

Summer Campus 2018

Madrid

Miguel A. Ramos / Jos Olivares

2 /07/2018

Ets Ingenieros

Madrid

Escuela Ideo

17 12 30 1 1 1 22

IES Calderón de La Barca Escuela de Pensamiento Matemático

Santa Gema Galgani Institutos de Bachillerato UAM C.e. Punta Galea Etsi Industriales UPM

UAM UAM Colegio El Carmelo Teresiano

uria Gordillo

29/10/2018

Madrid

Carolina Gutierrez

23/11/2018

Madrid

Patricia Galán

23/11/2018

Madrid

M Dolores nsa

30/11/2018

Madrid

Rafael P rez

30/11/2018

Madrid

Jos Olivares

3/12/2018

Madrid

Patricia Galán

3/12/2018

Madrid

Carolina Gutierrez / Jos Olivares

4/12/2018

Madrid

Carolina Gutierrez

7/12/2018

14 40

Madrid

M Dolores nsa

11/12/2018

Madrid

M Dolores nsa

19/12/2018

Madrid

uria Gordillo / Carolina Gutierrez

21/12/2018

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4.4. COURSES AND MASTERS Course on Ionizing Radiations

n the last years CMAM has been involved in the Curso de radiaciones ionizantes” organized by the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and the Colegio Oficial de Físicos (COFIS). This intensive course, with 6 ECTS, is designed for grade students and focused on the fundamentals and applications of the ionizing radiations in the industry and society. The contents of the course comprises the physics of the ionizing radiations, the detection and dosimetry, the radioprotection, the applications, the legal rules and normative for nuclear safety, and the treatment of radioactive waste. Due to the applied character of the course, there are several visits to radiological faci

lities and CMAM collaborates to teach the most relevant aspects when working with high energy particle accelerators in the field of material science. CMAM researches explain the technical aspects concerning the radiation damage and risks, the radioprotection and control of the radiation, the operation of particle accelerators, and the applications in different fields such as material science, cultural heritage, health sciences, nuclear physics, semiconductor industry, etc. A guided visit is carried out to show the characteristics of a unique facility based on the MV CockroftWalton linear accelerator of CMAM.

Course on Nuclear instrumentation for analysis and modification of materials. CMAM s electrostatic ion accelerator A seminar plus guided visit to the electrostatic ion accelerator of CMAM is delivered as a part of the course Aceleradores of the Master’s degree in uclear Engineering and Applications (MI A) imparted by the Uni-

versidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and the Centro de investigaciones Energ ticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) in the academic years 201 /16, 2016/17 and 2017/18.

Master s degree in Nuclear Physics As part of the teaching activities carried out at CMAM, we participate in the InterUniversity Master’s Degree in uclear Physics, organized by the University of Seville. This master aims at attracting students from different parts of the country, and has a strong practical component which

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requires the use of particle accelerators to understand how to measure the properties of the nuclei. In this regard, CMAM offers the facilities to the students, so that they can perform a nuclear experiment and understand the processes for generating and detecting ions, as well as the main nuclear techniques.

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Outreach Activities

The practical lecture is focused on the measurement of the elastic 16O( , )16O nuclear reaction, a wellknown case of nonRutherford cross section that is used in the analysis of many compounds. For this purpose the students take advantage of the accurate control of the high voltage obtained with the CockroftWalton system of our accele

rator and make a complete characterization of the resonance. In addition, they have the opportunity to use the common hardware and software in nuclear physics experiments. This master will help them to be prepared for their future activities and scientific career.

Master s degree in Advanced Materials,Nanotechnology and Photonicss CMAM also participates in the InterUniversity Master’s Degree in Advanced materials, nanotechnology and photonics, organized by the Autonomous University of Madrid. This master is focused on research in advanced materials with optical, mechanical,

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Outreach Activities

structural and electronic properties, at a nanometric scale. CMAM offers the accelerator facilities to the students, so that they can conduct experiments in order to understand the processes involved in the modification and characterization of advanced materials.

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4.5. DISSEMINATION AND PUBLICATIONS ON SOCIAL NETWORKS

MAM has increased the last years its presence in the social network, creating powerful strategies to communicate more effectively with the society and giving greater visibility to our work The main objective of our social networks is to inform about dissemination, educational and scientific activities carried out by the CMAMâ€™s scientific and technical staff. The number of users connected to the CMAM Facebook and Twitter has signifi-

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cantly increased the last years, indicating a greater interest in our centre. CMAM has also given the jump into the Instagram social network with an ever increasing impact today, sharing the information about the events and the seminars performed at the centre. Together with Instagram we have created a Flickr channel where we publish all the photographs related with CMAM, as well as seminars or other important events.

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Activity Report 2016-2018 | Outreach Activities

For more information about CMAM, you can visit our website:

cmam am es Our facility organizes guided visits where you can walk through the control room and the experimental hall, discovering the accelerator, the different beamlines and our advances in different fields of research. If you wish to perform a guided visit, please fill in the form which you will find in our website, at Guided visits

If you want to apply for beamtime to make an experiment, you could enter our ea i e re ues ser ice. To access this service and submit beamtime applications you must be previously registered, what can be done in the CMAM userâ€™s portal:

Activity Report 2016-2018 | Outreach Activities

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