Prefabricated Modular Community Hospital

CLEMSON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE HARLAN MCCLURE AWARD FINALIST - 2018 PROJECT DESIGN BY LANEY TUTEN

PREFABRICATED MODULAR COMMUNITY HOSPITAL The key design goals of this design are to be adaptable, modular and sustainable while being culturally sensitive and user-centered. The design is able to adapt to multiple sites with a range of topography, site proportions, and climatic conditions by utilizing a 10 meter by 12 meter module that can be arranaged in a pavilion style.

01 | SITE SELECTION

SITE SELECTION

CALDWELL, MONTSERRADO, LIBERIA

LOFA MALI SENEGAL GRAND CAPE MOUNT

GBARPOLU

GUINEA BONG

SIERRA LEONE

LIBERIA

TODEE

GHANA COTE D’LVOIRE

BOMI ST. PAUL RIVER

MONTSERRADO CAREYSBURG

MARGIBI

COMMONWEALTH

GREATER MONROVIA

MONTSERRADO

LIBERIA

AFRICA

DEMOGRAPHICS LIBERIA

• The Republic of Liberia is situated along the West Coast of Africa bordering the Atlantic Ocean to the South.

• Montserrado is 1 of 15 counties within Liberia and is home to Liberia’s capital and largest city, Monrovia.

• In 2010, Liberia ranked 162nd out of 169 in the Human Development Index according to the United Nations Development Programme’s Human Development Report • Gross national income per capita (Intl. $, 2013): $790

POPULATION (2015): 4,503,000 > 60 years old

LOFA

15%

<15 years old <15 years old

GRAND CAPE MOUNT

60%

POPULATION (2015): 1,255,152

• World Bank income classification: Low

BONG

BOMI

(>200 persons/sq. mile)

MONTSERRADO MARGIBI

638,113 <15 years old 617,039

LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH (2015):

ADULT MORTALITY RATE (2008): =100

63 60

340/1000 population

• Total expenditure on health per capita (Intl. $, 2014): $98 • Total expenditure on health as % of GPD (2014): 10%

GBARPOLU

TOP 10 CAUSES OF DEATH (2012): Lower Respiratory Infections Malaria Tuberculosis HIV/AIDS Stroke Diarrhoeal Diseases Birth Asphyxia & Birth Trauma Ischaemic Heart Disease Preterm Birth Complications Maternal Conditions

BURDEN OF DISEASE (2004): 4,200

2,900 1,900 1,900 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,200 1,000

76%

16% 8%

communicable diseases, maternal & perinatal conditions, & nutritional deficiences noncommunicable diseases injuries

Source: African Health Observatory, http://aho.afro.who.int/profiles_information/index.php/Liberia:Burden_of_disease#cite_note-0 World Health Organization, http://www.who.int/gho/countries/lbr.pdf

MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS LIBERIA

• GOAL 1: ERADICATE EXTREME HUNGER AND POVERTY

LOFA

GRAND CAPE MOUNT

GBARPOLU BONG

• GOAL 2: ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION BOMI

• GOAL 3: PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN

MONTSERRADO MARGIBI

• GOAL 4: REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY • GOAL 5: IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH • GOAL 6: COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA, & OTHER DISEASES • GOAL 7: ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY • GOAL 8: DEVELOP A PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT

Source: United Nations Development Programme, Republic of LIiberia, 2010 Millennium Development Goals report, http://www.lr.undp.org/content/liberia/en/home/library/mdg/

SITE LOCATION

3.72 miles 6 km

4 km

2 km

CALDWELL, MONTSERRADO • POPULATION TO BE SERVED:

CALDWELL: 31,152

BARDNESVILLE: 40,423

TOTAL: 71,575

REDEMPTION HOSPITAL

• NEIGHBORING HOSPITALS:

Catholic Hospital (public) Beds: 124

Staff: 170 Outpatient Visits: 16,988 Inpatient Admissions: 2,702

JFK Hospital (tertiary hospital)

SDA Cooper Hospital Beds: 48

Redemption Hospital (public)

Beds: 125

SDA COOPER HOSPITAL

JFK HOSPITAL

CATHOLIC HOSPITAL

SITE ACCESS

SAND BEACH RD. ST. PAUL RIVER

LL WE ALD

CALDWELL, MONTSERRADO PRIMARY ROAD SECONDARY ROAD TERTIARY ROAD RAILROAD

.

RD

C

N

BO

D

OA

ILR

A GR

UNITED NATIONS DR.

IA

OV

FREEPORT OF MONROVIA

A

GB

â&#x20AC;¢ POPULATION TO BE SERVED:

CALDWELL: 31,152

BARDNESVILLE: 40,423

TOTAL: 71,575

SOM

ALI

MONROVIA SPRIGGS PAYNE AIRPORT

TUB

MAN

ATLANTIC OCEAN

BLVD .

AD

RIV

E

A-

G RN

M

R ON

SUN & WIND

ER

AUL RIV TO ST. P

CALDWELL, MONTSERRADO

D.

HR

EAC

DB

CLIMATE: TROPICAL (HOT & HUMID) AVERAGE TEMPERATURE: 73 - 89 °F (23 - 32 °C) TOPOGRAPHY: FLAT COASTAL LOWLANDS WITH SWAMPS MEAN ELEVATION: 243 M (798 FT) PRECIPITATION: 5135MM (200 IN)

SAN

• Prevailing winds originate from the Southwest

- situate long facades perpendicular to

predominent wind direction to maximize

cross-ventilation • Monrovia is one of the world’s wettest capital cities making stormwater management imperative

SUN SET JUNE 21

SUN RISE JUNE 21

TO

CA

LD WE

LL

SUN SET DEC. 21

SUN RISE DEC. 21

RD .

02 | BUILDING SYSTEM

PREFABRICATION & MODULARITY The repetitive module, which can be arranged in a multitude of configurations, is comprised of a steel structure [KIT OF PARTS], a series of prefabricated panelized systems [2D PANELS], and container module(s) [3D MODULE].

• 24’ x 32’ column grid acts as a chassis that supports a 40’ x 26’ repetitive module

Prefabricated and recycled containers are outfitted with “wet spaces” such as toilets and kitchen areas prior to arriving at the site.

Overarching transparent canopy provides shading for exterior corridors, ventilation to reduce heat gain on structure below, and surface for easy mouniing of photovoltaic panels.

A rectangular box encloses the interior space providing a flexible grid that can be combined and arranged to accomodate various departments and spatial needs.

PREFABRICATION & MODULARITY Photovoltaic Panels Polycarbonated canopy

Roof Membrane Prefabricated Mechanical/ Electrical/Plumbing (MEP) racks Louvers for Ventilation Painted galvanized sheet steel ceiling panels

Laminate coated fiber cement wall panels Prefabricated steel stud walls Prefabricated Rammed Earth panels Aluminum windows and doors

ARRANGEMENT A Modules connected on the short side allows for a continuous interior space and ability to maintain narrow floor plate.

Example: Administrative Department

ARRANGEMENT B Modules connected in the same manner as Option 1, but with containers contained within the module.

Example: Outpatient Clinics

ARRANGEMENT C Modules connected on the short side with containers on the exterior end of each module.

Example: Inpatient Wards

ARRANGEMENT D Modules connected on the long side with an additional 16â&#x20AC;&#x2122; bay accommodates departmen demmanding a deeper floor plate.

Example: Surgery Suite

SITE INTEGRATION

SITE PLAN 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

Maternity Waiting and Walking Path Inpatient Courtyard with Outdoor Cooking Area Outpatient Waiting Water Tower & Well Solar Panel Canopy (supporting well/water tower) Service/Delivery Area Community Garden Staff Housing Wetland

3

4 5

MAIN ENTRY

E.D. DROP-OFF

6 1

STAFF PARKING

PUBLIC PARKING

2 8 7

9

VENTILATION • Large trees pre-condition the wind from the SW as it enters the windward side of the module • Operable windows facilitate cross-flow ventilation • Whole house fans and louvers integrated into the MEP racks assist the natural ventilation process

VENTILATION DIAGRAM

RAINWATER COLLECTION • Decentralized cisterns collect rainwater from the roof canopy for toilet flushing, laundry, and irrigation • The cisterns are located at each container module and has an electric pump that provides flushing water to each container • Potable water is sources through an on-site well and water tower that is distributed throughout the facility

RAINWATER COLLECTION

INPATIENT WARD

INPATIENT COURTYARD