FARMORE

Architecture Master Thesis Professor: Eleonora Bersani Candidate: Claudia Storelli

Politecnico di Milano School of architecture, urban planning, construction and engeneering Master Course of Architecture Academic year 2018/2019 Professor: Eleonora Bersani Candidate: Claudia Storelli

FARMORE

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FAR

MORE

FARMORE?

FARMORE

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far more than urban farm far more friendly far more than salad far more fluid far more attractive far more for the high-rises far more for Wilhelmina far more inclusive far more informal far more activation far more than landmarks 7

The city of Rotterdam has faced by the centuries a long process of urban transformation and economic growth, becoming one of the most attractive port cities in the world. This has been possible thanks to the opportunity taken from the port itself, developing a strong economy around it and making it part of the urban structure. Wilhelminapier was born in the crucial moment of these urban developments, becoming the symbol along the port of a transforming dynamic city.

Not only these factors contributed to give a positive impact on the image of the pier: becoming the place of the Holland America Lijn, which supported the migrating flows to the States, it became in the XX century the place of hope and happiness for millions of Dutch. Today the pier is known as the ‘’Manhattan of the Netherlands’’, being the heart of the most unique Dutch skyline, and representing an iconic landmark of the city.

The big contradiction lays here: the pier acts as an image, only offering the city an incredible urban landscape, in which all the skyscrapers are introverted vertical cities, vibrant inside but without any activation on the public ground, a ground that is instead the symbol of history, feelings, war and restart. This comes as a consequence of the wrong role given to the area in the last decades: Wilhelmina has been seen as the ‘‘stage’’ where to exhibit architectural icons, a place for the architects to design their symbols, ignoring the present hidentity, the past hystory and mostly the possible future for Wilhelmina, resulting with a pier that is a patchwork of icons mixed with inactive residual spaces.

It all can be solved only with the awareness that a strong action is needed: the high rises have to wake up and become part of the pier contributing to its life, not only with FARMORE

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WIlhelminapier, aerial picture, David Zisky

architectural beauty. A dynamic system of activities can have the strenght and energy to make this possible, acting all along Wilhelmina, in, out and around the high rises, being integrated with the identity of the city but most of all with its future plans. Among these plans, agro food production is becoming a central topic. In the latest years local and regional governments are engaging for the first time with the issue of the Milan Food Policy Pact; Rotterdam municipality, with the strategic document ‘’Food and the city’’ is aiming to reinforce its position of World’s leading food region stimulating urban agricolture. In view of this, putting together the idea of a dynamic system of activities with the central topic of the urban farming, is an opportunity to bring attraction and activation to the pier, being in line with what the municipality envisions for the city.

The system, with a strong commercial vocation, can invite people to gather in the area which will provide many possibilities to establish a connection with local fresh food, selling the production in a proper market, giving the opportunity to users to plant and grow food themselves, offering a fresh food distribution system to the poor on a volunteer base, or also, training the farmers of the future can be an other activator. The whole system, integrated with other food related activities such as cooking classes, natural cosmetic production and biological art, can provide attractors to the pier offering a variety of activities, in different kind of gardens, in a system which makes active Whilelmina the whole year, every moment of the day, inviting definitely the vertical cities to partecipate to the life of the pier.

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THE LANDMARKS

FARMORE

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GROUND ACTIVATION

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GROUND ACTIVATION

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FARMORE

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01

WHERE?

p. 19

The identity of Wilhelmina through its relation with the city: an analysis of how the area relates with the tree central systems: water, mobility and public spaces.

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FRAMEWORK

05

p. 39

Any future project in Rotterdamis is part of a net of interventions which make together the complicated agenda of the municipality. The main visions are, Rotterdam city vision and Rotterdam port vision.

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CASE STUDIES

CONCEPT

p. 45

How to approach the weaknesses of the area with a unique strategic intervention?

09 p. 69

Let’s get confident with a few topics through real selected examples worldwide: what happens when architecture meets water and urban farming.

THE PROJECT Welcome to Farmore.

p. 91

02

WHEN?

03 p. 27

The hystory of the pier as its main soul, the relation with United States and its identity as a place for lifetime changes, travel and restart.

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LOCAL STRATEGY

HOW?

p. 33

An understanding of the strenghts and weaknesses of Wilhelmina in relation with the urban system and its future plans.

07 p. 51

A local strategy is needed to provide a plan and general guidelines to make the concept sustainable.

URBAN STRATEGY

p. 59

Necessary to integrate the future evolution of the pier with the urban context.

01

The understanding of Wilhelminapier firstly comes from an analysis of the relation with the urban structure, which has been summarized in three main systems: mobiliy system, water mobility and open spaces.

The mobility system of the city finds on Wilhelmina its main pick: the Erasmus bridge. The pier anyway, is only structured by the axis of the hystoric Wilhelminakade, which doesn’t connect the pier to the back neighbor, Katendrecht, but turns back on the Hotel New York continuing towards Rotterdam zuid.

The open space system map tells us that Wilhelmina is not connected to any public spaces in the Kop van Zuid area, and has a weak open public space system on it-self, since the pier is fragmented in residual areas among the high-rises. The important feature of the pier is instead water, being the pier located between the Niewue Maas and the basin of Rijnhaven.

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MOBILITY SYSTEM

Wilhelmina FARMORE, Where?

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WATER SYSTEM

Wilhelmina FARMORE, Where?

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PUBLIC SPACE SYSTEM

Wilhelmina FARMORE, Where?

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02

The name of the pier itself suggests there’s a story behind: being open by the young queen Wilhelmina in the second half of the XIX century, it became the symbol of the evolution of the port of Rotterdam, being part of an expansion process toward the southern side of the city, defined by the municipality with a loan of more than 7 millions.

Together with the construction of Noordereiland and the Niewe Waterweg canal, Wilhelmina is a symbol of the still evolving purpose of the municipality to include the southern district in the urban structure, making the river Maas no longer a geographic limit. The evolution of the port is not the unique hystorical background of the pier: Wilhelmina has been after its opening, the place of hope and restart for millions of Dutch, thanks the Holland America lijn which no longer exists, but its memory is being kept alive by the presence of the hystoric Hotel New york, the former HAL, on the head on the pier.

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ROTTERDAM MAP, 1700

2000 a.C. / 500

First groups of hunters and fisherman appears in the region, settleing especially in the high river dunes, but no permanent and structured village is formed yet.

500 / 1340

On the delta of the Rotte and Maas, thanks to the sediment released by the rivers, the soil was very fertile. There the farmers started to make the lands productive, organizing the village over the mounds of terrain formed in the delta.

The first local village is formed, called Rotta, counting around 2000 inhabitants.

Floods continuously affected the village, distroing it, until new settlers built new sluices at the crossing point of the two rivers. With the big dyke built between the actual Hoogstraat and Binnenrotte, the area started to be safe for the first time.

Rotterdam was born, acquiring its name in 1340.

1600 / 1850

At the beginning of the XVII century Rotterdam started to flourish: new harbours and commencial activities made it the second trading center of the country.

The city grew along the port, inside the triangular boundaries of Niewe Maas and

FARMORE, When?

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ROTTERDAM MAP, 1910

1850 / 1940

1940 / 1990

Between 1866-1872 the Niewe Waterweg was built, which was the first direct connection to the sea. In 1868 the municipality granted a loan of 7.2 millions for a port in the south district, opening for the first time to a plan on the other side of the Maas river. From now on imprtant steps in the definition of the port were done: the construction of the Noordereiland by digging Noorderhaven, the opening of the brand new pier Wilhelminapier, and new dredgind system for the Niewe Waterweg canal. By the first half of the century the planned construction of the ports and industrial area were completed.

14 may 1940: the city was bombed by the germans, so the whole hystoric center in the triangular area was destroied. After the liberation a rapid reconstruction started, giving priority to the reconstruction of the port. Rotterdam regained its position of biggest port of Europe, becoming in less than 15 years the biggest port of Europe.

The city was defined by the weekly journal ‘’Groot Rotterdam’’ the most american city of the continent, for its rapid growth, dinamicity, and modern architecture.

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1891

1901

1920

1925

Wilhelminapier was opened for the first time and Wilhelminakade became the place of the headquarter of the Holland America Line: from the pier ships departed moving emigrants looking for a new future in the States.

The management office of HAL is designed by architects J. Muller and C.M. Droogleever Fortuyn.

After three expansions the building took the current shape. In the same year US governament put limits to the entry of newcomers.

People moving to United States from Wilhelminapier are almost 1 million.

FARMORE, When?

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The H an e setback crisis an mainly develop air trave

29/40

HAL has economical due to nd war and for the pement of el.

1973

1989

1993

It ceased to exist closing in 1973 leaving many buildings on the pier abandoned.

The Municipality purchase the HAL building so it could be included in the new plans for Kop Van Zuid.

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Piet bakker developes a masterplans for Kop Van zuid commissioning Teun Koolhaas to develope a plan in whic HAL building a central role in the developement.

1998 Entrapreneurs Dan van der Have proposes to turn the building in an iconic city hotel.

The idea was well received, and gave a great impetus for the further developements of the area.

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The main feature of the pier nowadays, for which it is itself commonly identified, is the presence of the towers, designed by various architectural firms.

The concentration of these highrises makes Wilhelmina not only the ‘‘tallest’’ point of Rotterdam, but also the most unique skyline of the Netherlands, a symbol of the incredible growth that the city faced right after its reconstruction. However, the effect on the ground plane of these high rises is not strong as their own image: it seems like there is no relation with the identity and the hystory of the pier, and the vibrant programs which animate the towers. The towers appear as introverted vertical cities, without any intention to participate to the life of Wilhelmina. This aspect will become even stronger, since other towers are on the way to be built, without any strategy for the public spaces, which will result just as inactive residual areas even more.

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A

B

C D

Wilhelminapier and Katendrecht map, 1:10.000

FARMORE, How?

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SECTION D

SECTION C

SECTION A

SECTION B

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Symbol of the port

FARMORE, How?

Place of landmarks

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1

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1_ Toren op Zuid, Renzo Piano; 2_ De Rotterdam, OMA; 3_ Cruise Terminal, Jan Brinkman; 4_ Las Palmas workshop and offices, Fokkema and Partners; 5_ New Orleans, Alvaro Siza; 6_ World Port Center, Norman Foster; 7_ Montevideo, Mecanoo. 8_ De Sax, MVRDV 9_ Montevideo, CKAP. 10_ Hotel New York.

Introverted vertical cities

No ground activation

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04

Architects and urban planners aproaching any kind of design or strategy in Rotterdam, have to put their work in a complicated network of projects being part of the two main visions elaborated by the municipality, working for the future of the city to be resilient and efficient: Rotterdam City Vision 2030 and Rotterdam Port Vision 2030.

Most importantly, the vision of the port will contribute not only to make the city flood resistent, but to strenghten the connections and city identity along each pier, and consequently the identity of the port itself.

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ROTTERDAM CITY VISION C1_ Weenapoint mixed use building | 50.000 m2 | MVRDV | 2023

C4_ Zalmhaventoren residences | 215 m tower | KAAN Architects

C7_ Philadelphia, Havana mixed use towers | 82.000 m2 | MVRDV | 2023

C2_ Museumpark art gallery | 13.000 m2 | MVRDV | 2020

C5_ Schiedamsedijk commercial | 2020

C8_ Fenixloods I residences | Mei Architecten | 2022

C3_ Coolsingel promenade renewal | West 8 | 2020

C6_ Pakhuismeesteren food market | 8000 m2 | AWG |2020

P1

C13

P2

P4 P13

P6

C9_ Fenixloods II food market, museum |MAD Architects | 2025

C11_ Stadionpark public green | 150.000 m2 | OMA | 2023

C10_ Stadionpark sport campus | 150.000 m2 | OMA | 2023

C12_ Hart Van Zuid commercial | 2026

FARMORE, the Concept

C13_ Merwe Vierhaven 40

urban renewal | 200 H | 2026 C14_ Ahoy commercial | 2026 | 65 h C15_ Baltimore residential| 2021 | 50.000 m2

ROTTERDAM PORT VISION P1_ Merwehaven permanent floating units

P4_ Schieaven permanent floating units

P2_ Keilehaven temporary floating units

P6_ Waalhaven temporary floating unit

P3_ Directiekade temporary floating unit

P7_ Maashaven temporary floating units with internal navigations P8_ Rijnhaven permanent floating unit

C3

C1

P10 P9

C2 C4

C5 C6/7

C15

P11

C8/9

P8

P12 C13

P7 C12 C10

C14

P9_ Leuvehaven permanent floating unit

P11_ Spoorwenghaven temporary floating units

P10_ Boerengat temporary floating units

P12_ Nassauhaven permanent floating unit

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C11

P13_ Delfshaven - Charlois new shore connection

USE OF PORTS

Nieuwe Mathenesse industrial production

Nieuwe Werk relax and freetime, riverside

Oostplein Food, commercial

Kralingen Relax, free time Maashaven Hospitality

Refineries

FARMORE, the Framework

Breakbulk shipment

Rijnhaven Relax, free time Sustainable public space Floating forest

Liquid bulk cargo

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Fayenoord Sport

Other industries

Suburban

Boat terminal

Short

Water taxi

Cruise terminal

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05

The proposed strategy is based on a concept which aims to reanimate the pier public spaces, and most of all to eliminate the separation between them and the high rises. How to make the towers part of the pier, finally interacting with it and become integrated with its public spaces ? In order to achieve this goal a strong action is needed: to force the high-rises to come outside and making wilhelmina a common unique groundfloor, rather then the patchwork of corporate and residential lobbies among inactive residual areas, as it is nowadays. This is made possible by a strategy that doesn’t follow the orthogonal grid established by the zoning plan by Piet Bakker in the 90’s: breaking the grid gives the possibilities to the open spaces to get inside the ground floors of the towers, redesigning them according to both the new program and the featurs of the public spaces. All the boundaries are ignored. The concept works as a colonization, which is not only orizontal, but acts also vertical, proposing to redesign also one common floor of each high-rise, to partecipate to the same strategy, a strategy which finds it main program in two new construction on the head of the pier, respectfully framing the Hotel new York.

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HOW?

WHE

INTROVERTED LANDMARKS: NO ACTIVATION ON THE GROUND LEVEL

LOCAL STRATEGY to generate a dynamic activation system of activities for the new life of the pier, involving the high-rises and the public areas FARMORE, the Concept

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NO RELATION W

URBAN ST to integrate the program o conte

ERE?

WITH THE CITY

TRATEGY of the pier with the urban ext

WHEN?

HIDDEN HYSTORY

CENTRALIZE HYSTORY to become a significant part of the pier to be recalled with a land art installation designed on a competition base

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1. WILHELMINA GRID

2. GROUND FLOORS GRID

3. FLUID LANDSCAPE as the main ‘’principle’’ to break the gridand penetrate any areas

4a. HIGH RISE COLONIZATION once the grid is broken the groundfloors of the high rises can be colonized

4b. HIGH RISE COLONIZATION the colonization also developes vertically, involving also one common floor in each high rise

5. WATER EDGE ACTIVATION the fluid can not be stopped: it is an opportunity to generate a water experience

6. RESIDUAL AREAS once colonized, the groundfloors can be connected among each other through the residual spaces among them

7. THE MAIN PROGRAM structured by the same grid of the high rises and captured in the same fluid landscape

FARMORE, the Concept

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8. WILHELMINA AS A

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06

The reactivation of the pier requires also a programmatic strategy, which has to be various, dynamic, and sensible to the future visions that the municipality has for the city. A program based on urban farming is than proposed. Rotterdam already has a background related to farming in the urban boundaries, and it will even come stronger with the new politics to which the city is being engaged, related to Milan Food Policy Pact. On the pier, urban farming will operate alongside art and education, forming and educating the next generation farmers, with a diverse offer of courses related to different production systems, with also a commercial vocation, in the way some gardens will produce vegetables to be sold or cooked and distributed to neighbor areas, or even transformed in cosmetics or work of arts, in specific laboratories, for both adults and children.

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Urban Farming in Rotterdam.

FARMORE, the Local Strategy

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FARMORE, the Local Strategy

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FARMORE, the Local Strategy

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LOCAL STRATEGY ON WILHELMINAPIER

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07

The lack of integration of Wilhelmina with the urban system is one of the individualized weaknesses. The strategy has to work also on an urban scale, integrating the farming and education program with local schools, public areas and parallely increasing the connections to the area, also on the Maas river. This all can also help to get the activities of the pier known all around the city, inviting more and more people to partecipate.

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WATER CONNECTIONS

Existing system Proposed strategy Wilhelmina FARMORE, the Urban Strategy

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The proposed strategy to strenghten the water connection system is based on increasing terminals along the eastern part of the Maas, along the western part starting with Het Park, and mainly adding new stops on Katendrecht and Noordereiland, which can become potentially crucial areas for the further developements on Wilhelminapier.

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PUBLIC SPACES

Existing system Proposed strategy Wilhelmina FARMORE, the Urban Strategy

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A system of public spaces to partecipate to the new program of Wilhelminapier: the chosen areas can become places where the activities of the pier can be developed, strenghtening the local system of the pier and bringing around the city the awareness of the new soul of Wilhelmina.

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SCHOOL SYSTEM

Primary and intermediate Primary and ntermediate in 15 min bike from Wilhelminapier Wilhelmina

The proposed system aims to involve primary and intermediate schools to take part of the strategy for Wilhelminapier. Intermediate and primary schools, in a distance of not more than 15 minutes by bike, to be directly and easily involved .

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MOBILITY

Existing system Proposed strategy Wilhelmina

The pier will offer electric car services fot the ones who come for the hotel and offices. In this way, strenghtening electric station system, also the connection to Wilhelmina can be stronger alongside with the diffusion of its program in the other urban systems.

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08

Following, a selection of real case studies at different scale levels, analyzed to get more in confidence with the topic of urban farming, and most of all to understand how architects and urban planners approach urban farming in contexts where water has a central role.

To conclude,a selection of 20 cases of urban farming programs in the world, with similar features to the proposed system for Wilhelminapier.

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ARCHITECTURE AND WATER

FARMORE, the Case Studies

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MORPHOLOGY WITH THE CONTEXT

W1_ KEYWORDS: contrast, integration WHERE: Fogo Island, Canada WHO: T. Saunders WHEN: 2009

W11_ KEYOWORDS: continuity WHERE: Lionne, France WHO: Atelier LAVIT WHEN: 2017

W12_ KEYWORDS: detachment WHERE: Ebikon, Switzerland WHO: AFGH WHEN: 2012

WATER EDGE

W2_ KEYWORDS: introversion WHERE: Brooklin, NY WHO: BIG WHEN: 2014

W14_ KEYWORDS: continuity WHERE: Vello, Italy WHO: Giorgio Grassi WHEN: 1962 W16_ KEYWORDS: displacement WHERE: Ragusa, Italy WHO: Mariagrazia Cannizzo WHEN: 2009

FARMORE, the Case Studies

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W7_ KEYWORDS: introversion WHERE: Runheim, Norway WHO: Lung Hagen Arkitekter WHEN: 2017 W17_ KEYWORDS: activation WHERE: Turkey WHO: Studio Evren Başbuğ WHEN: 2016

W19_ KEYWORDS: detachment WHERE: Kagawa Prefecture, Japan WHO: Yasushi Arikawa WHEN: 2013

W3_ KEYWORDS: continuity WHERE: New York WHO: AN.ONYMOUS WHEN: 2012

W5_ KEYWORDS: extension WHERE: Peru WHO: Barclay & Crousse WHEN: 2015

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CONNECTION WATER-LAND

W18_ KEYWORDS: detachment WHERE: Beidaihe, China WHO: Dongping Sun WHEN: 2015

W6_ KEYWORDS: interference WHERE: Svartisen, Norway WHO: Snohetta WHEN: 2018 W8_ KEYWORDS: continuity, integration WHERE: Oslo, Norway WHO: Snohetta WHEN: 2007

URBAN SCALE

W11_ KEYWORDS: fragmentation WHERE: Saint-Ouen, France WHO: AgenceTer WHEN: 2010 W13_ KEYWORDS: edge WHERE: Paris, France WHO: InSitu WHEN: 2010 W4_ KEYWORDS: introversion WHERE: Guerrero, Mexico WHO: Herrera, Polo WHEN: 2018 W15_ KEYWORDS: fragmentation WHERE: Poveglia, Venice WHO: so + so studio WHEN: 2013

FARMORE, the Case Studies

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W10_ KEYWORDS: continuity WHERE: Brugge, Belgium WHO: OBBA & Dertien12 WHEN: 2018

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OVER THE WATER

W9_ KEYWORDS: continuity WHERE: Copenhagen, Denmark WHO: DISSING+WEITLING WHEN: 2014

URBAN FARMING PROJECTS IN THE WORLD

FARMORE, the Case Studies

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UF 1 _ GROW CITY Grow City is a nonprofit in San Francisco, California that works to change the way people consider the division between urban and rural to build a “more secure, sustainable, and fair” food system. Not only training programs, but also distribution of the produced food is provided.

UF 2 _ SOCAL URBAN FARMS An urban farm and San Diego-based company that creates and distributes small-scale vertical gardens, SoCal Urban Farms aims to help anyone produce sustainable and healthy food. It provides local restaurants and home gardeners the Tower Garden system for growing fresh fruits and vegetables.

UF 3 _ HUERTO TLATELOLCO An edible forest in Mexico City, with 45 tree varieties, a seed bank, and a large section of biointensive gardening, It was created with the aim to building the local community, based on educational and social exchange program, workshops on urban agriculture, healthy living and sustainable design.

UF 4 _ COMPOST PEDALLERS A 100 percent bike-powered compost recycling project in Austin, Texas, Compost Pedallers strives to reduce waste, strengthen the local food system, and connect the community with farms.

Residents can sign up to redirect organic waste to local farms and gardens through the bicyclepowered network.

UF 5 _ MOBILE FOOD MARKET A collaborative project among a number of organizations in Memphis, Tennessee, the Green Machine Mobile Food Market uses a bus to deliver fresh fruits and vegetables to almost 400 customers in the food deserts of South Memphis, while spreading knowledge about farming in weekly workshops.

UF 6 _ DETROIT DUST It helps to complete the “circle of life” in food production by regenerating waste into resources. Through partnerships with community coffee houses and local businesses, the organization is hoping to instill a self-sustaining culture of recycling organic waste and provide a valuable resource to urban farms and gardens in Detroit.

FARMORE, the Case Studies

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UF 7 _ SQUARE ROOTS Brooklyn. They grow and sell nutritious food, from the campus of indoor modular hydroponic farms.

Bringing locals real food by empowering next-gen leaders in urban farming with a strong educational program, and future leaders in urban farming—through a year-long commitment on the Square Roots team.

UF 8 _ Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students (BUGS) An after-school and summer program, BUGS provides children from low-income neighborhoods in Baltimore, Maryland with a safe place for learning. Kids can garden, visit local farms, and try new foods while improving math and reading skills as well as exploring creative entrepreneurial projects.

UF 9 _ THE PEOPLE’S POTATO Volunteers grow and distribute organic produce to the surrounding community and distribute vegan meals through a food bank. The People’s Potato maintains an educational program in the form of monthly workshops and an affordable Good Food Box program.

UF 10 _ REVISION URBAN FARM ReVision Urban Farm is a community-based urban agriculture project that grows nutritious, culturally appropriate food for residents of its family home and the Boston community.

The project also teaches locals about healthy eating and offers job training for youth and the homeless in the area.

UF 11 _ ALTERNATIVES FEEDING CITIZENSHIP A nonprofit that promotes social and environmental justice in Montreal, Canada, Alternatives’ Feeding Citizenship is growing healthy food to fuel healthy communities.

The project engages the community through horticultural training programs while supporting school and neighborhood.

UF 12 _ CAMINO VERDE Located in Puerto Maldonado, Perù, Camino Verde’s mission is to plant trees and encourage environmental stewardship through educational programs and public awareness. The project’s Living Seed Bank acts as a botanical garden with over 250 tree species and protects endangered varieties.

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UF 13 _ GRIGNON ENERGYPOSITIVE Located in Paris, France, is an experimental farm run by the AgroParisTech program for sustainable development. The farm is working to reduce energy inputs by developing techniques that minimize its carbon footprint while growing enough organic food to feed between 5,500 and 8,000 people annually.

UF 14 _ FERME DE PARIS A municipal organic farm nestled in an expansive park, Ferme de Paris provides the public with vegetable gardens, orchards, medicinal plant gardens and a number of farm animals housed in sustainably-constructed buildings. City residents can even stay to volunteer if they want to, becoming part of a training program.

UF 15 _ FRISCH VOM DACH An aquaponics project starting on the rooftop of a former malt factory in Berlin, Germany, Frisch vom Dach uses nutrients from aquaculture to irrigate plants in a mostly closed loop.

UF 16 _ ABALIMI Abalimi is an urban agriculture and environmental action group located outside of Capetown, South Africa.

The organization supports and assists groups and individuals looking to improve their livelihoods through organic farming.

UF 17 _ MAZINGARA INSTITUTE The Mazingira Institute provides training and support for urban farmers in Nairobi, Kenya.

The NGO has trained about three thousand urban farmers and organized youth and women’s hubs.

UF 18 _ FRESH AND LOCAL It uses urban agriculture to improve the health and wellbeing of Mumbai. The organization takes underutilized spaces and transforms them into places of community empowered food production supported by educational program.

FARMORE, the Case Studies

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UF 19 _ PASONA O2 An urban farm in Tokyo that grows over 100 types of produce indoors, underground, and on the exterior walls of the nine-story office-style building, Pasona O2 has been described as technologically intensive.

UF 20 _ CANBERRA CITY FARM Serving communities in Canberra, Australia, Canberra City Farms is dedicated to establishing learning hubs where people can collaborate and share their knowledge of sustainable and environmentally responsible food production.

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URBAN FARMING PROJECTS RELATED TO WATER

FARMORE, the Case Studies

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FW1_SWALE mobility

WHERE: New York WHO: Art Collective WHEN: 2016 SUPPORTERS: ‘‘A Blade of Grass’’

TRIGGER: enhances interaction with public WARNING: small scale, no strategy

FARMORE, the Case Studies

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UFW2_THE 1st FLOATING URBAN FARMING

WHERE: Rotterdam WHO: Peter van Wingerden, Carel de Vries WHEN: 2019 SUPPORTERS: ‘‘Beladon’’, ‘‘Uit Je EigenStad’’.

TRIGGER: strong production system WARNING: not integrated with the city

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UFW3_BERGES DE SEINE walkway

WHERE: Paris WHO: Jean Christophe Chobet WHEN: 2013

TRIGGER: strong urban activation WARNING:low production and distribution

UFW4_FLOATING RICE PLANTS low cost

WHERE: Pyongyang WHO: Pyongyang City WHEN: 2017 SUPPORTERS: Horticultural Management Bureau of the Pyongyang City

TRIGGER: strong production system WARNING: no public interaction

UFW5_SHANGHAI FARMING DISTRICT interaction, education WHERE: Shangai WHO: Sasaki Associates WHEN: 2018 SUPPORTERS: Municipality

TRIGGER: strong integration with the program WARNING: not easily accessible

FARMORE, the Case Studies

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UFW6_BAMBOO DOME

WHERE: Jamaica WHO: Dinesh Ram WHEN: 2018 SUPPORTERS: Biodesign Competition

TRIGGER: strong production system WARNING: no public interaction

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09

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0

50 m

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VOLUMETRIC PLAN

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BALTIMORE KCAP Offices, Residence

Groundfloor AFTER

Groundfloor BEFORE

SAN FRANCISCO MECANOO Residence

FARMORE, the Project

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LAS PALMAS DHV Workshops

BALTIMORE NORMAN FOSTER Office, hotel

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TOREN OP ZUID RENZO PIANO Offices

Groundfloor AFTER

Groundfloor BEFORE

DE ROTTERDAM OMA Offices, hotel, residence

FARMORE, the Project

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NEW ORLEANS ALVARO SIZA Residence

PHILADELPHIA, HAVANA MVRDV Residence, hotel

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DE ROTTERDAM COLONIZATION FARMORE, the Project

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GROUND FLOOR

SIXTH FLOOR 1 Info point 2 Restaurant 3 Bar 4 Commercial garden 5 Distribution garden 6 Fresh food shop 103

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105

0

50 m

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GROUNDFLOORS MASTERPLAN 107

G1

G6 G1 G1

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10 m

FARMORE, the Project

40 m

108

2

1

3

G1 1

G4

4

2

3

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1 3

G4 2

109

2

G3

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1

2 3 G3

G3

1

2 G3

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10 m

FARMORE, the Project

40 m

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G1 1

2

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4

G1

1

111

O2

1

4

O1

3

O2

O4 O3

2

0

10 m

FARMORE, the Project

G6

40 m

112

PHILADELPHIA HAVANA, MVRDV 1 Hotel lobby 2 Residence lobby 3 Inner garden

OPEN AIR EXPOSITION SPACE AND WELCOMING AREA O1 Holland Amerika Lijn installation O2 Exposition space O3 Land Art installation related to the Holland Amerika Lijn, to be designed on a competion base O4 Bike storage O4 Office and hotel lobby

THE GARDENS G1 Hydroponic garden G2 Training garden G3 Commercial garden G4 Kitchen garden G5 Distribution garden G6 Domestic garden

BALTIMORE, Norman Foster, 1 Restaurant 2 Meditation area 3 Cosmetic shop 4 Office and hotel lobby BALTIMORE, KCAP 1 Seeds shop 2 Packaging shop 3 Residence lobby 4 Hotel lobby DE ROTTERDAM, OMA 1 Farming info point 2 Residence lobby 3 Hotel lobby 4 Office lobby TOREN OP ZUID, Renzo piano 1 Farming info point 2 Distribution kitchen 3 Bike storage 4 Office lobby SAN FRANCISCO, Mecanoo 1 Restaurant 2 Residence lobby 3 Fresh food market NEW ORLEANS, Alvaro Siza 1 Fresh food market 2 Residence lobby LAS PALMAS, Mecanoo 1 Fresh food market 2 Seeds shop 3 Workshops 4 International cooking classes 113

0

50 m

FARMORE, the Project

114

SECTION 115

09

117

A D

FARMORE, the Project

118

A

D

119

C B FARMORE, the Project

120

C

B

121

E

FARMORE, the Project

122

B

123

FARMORE, the Project

124

125

09

127

TAV. 14

THE GREENHOUSE OPACITY

‘’FARMORE’’ VERTICAL COLONIZATION

TRANSPARENCY

TAV. 14

TAV. 14 TAV. 14

GRID

GREENHOUSE

GROUNDFLOOR FLUIDITY

GREENHOUSE

VERTICAL COLONIZATION

VERTICAL COLONIZATION

1. WILHELMINA GRID

GREENHOUSE

THE GREENHOUSE THE GREENHOUSE THE GREENHOUSE OPACITY OPACITY OPACITY

FLUID LANDSCAPE

4. FLUID LANDSCAPE

OVERLAP

INNER GARDEN

21st CENTURY MUSEUM WHERE: Kanazawa, Japan WHO: SANAA WHEN: 2004

2. GROUND FLOORS GRID

GREENHOUSE

GREENHOUSE

OPACITY

21st CENTURY MUSEUM

VERTICAL FARM

‘’FARMORE’’ ‘’FARMORE’’ ‘’FARMORE’’ WHERE: Paris TRANSPARENCY TRANSPARENCY TRANSPARENCY GREENHOUSE WHO:

NELSON MUSEUM OF ART

WHERE: Kanazawa, Japan WHO: SANAA WHEN: 2004

Ilmelgo Architects WHEN: 2016

WHERE: VERTICAL VERTICAL Kansas City, USA VERTICAL COLONIZATION COLONIZATION WHO: COLONIZATION STEVEN HOLL WHEN: 2007

VERTICAL COLONIZATION

GRID

GRID

GRID

GREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE

GROUNDFLOOR GROUNDFLOOR FLUIDITY FLUIDITY GROUNDFLOOR FLUIDITY

TRANSPARENCY

21st CENTURY MUSEUM

2. GROUND FLOORS GRID

2. 1.GROUND FLOORS GRID WILHELMINA 1. WILHELMINA GRID GRID 1. WILHELMINA GRID

INNER GARDEN VERTICAL FARM WHERE: Paris WHO:

1. WILHELMINA GRID

FLUID LANDSCAPE FLUID LANDSCAPE FLUID LANDSCAPE

21st CENTURY 21st MUSEUM CENTURY MUSEUM 21st CENTURY MUSEUM

WHERE: Ilmelgo GARDEN Architects Kanazawa, Japan INNER Kanazawa, Japan Kanazawa, Japan

WHEN:

VERTICAL 2016 FARM WHERE: Paris WHO: Ilmelgo Architects WHEN: 2016

WHERE:

WHERE:

WHO: SANAA WHEN: 2004

WHO: WHO: SANAA SANAA WHEN: WHEN: 2004 2004

FARMORE, the Project

4. FLUID LANDSCAPE

WHERE: Kanazawa, Japan WHO: SANAA WHEN: 2004

OVERLAP

2. GROUND FLOORS 2. GROUND GRID FLOORS GRID 2. GROUND FLOORS GRID

4. FLUID LANDSCAPE 4. FLUID LANDSCAPE 4. FLUID LANDSCAPE 4. FLUID LANDSCAPE

OPACITY

21st CENTURY MUSEUM

WHERE: 2.

GROUND FLOORS GRID

OVERLAP OVERLAP OVERLAP

INNER GARDEN INNER GARDEN Kanazawa, Japan INNER GARDEN

21st CENTURY 21st MUSEUM CENTURY MUSEUM 21st CENTURY MUSEUM

VERTICAL FARM VERTICAL FARM VERTICAL WHO: FARM

OVERLAP

WHERE: WHERE: WHERE: Kanazawa, Japan Kanazawa, Japan Kanazawa, Japan WHO: WHO: WHO: SANAA SANAA SANAA WHEN: WHEN: WHEN: 2004 2004 2004

WHERE: WHERE: SANAA WHERE: Paris Paris Paris WHO: WHO: WHEN: WHO: Ilmelgo Architects Ilmelgo Architects Ilmelgo 2004Architects WHEN: WHEN: WHEN: 2016 2016 2016 WHERE:

21st CENTURY MUSEUM Kanazawa, Japan WHO: SANAA WHEN: 2004

128

NELSON MUSEUM OF ART

3. FLUID LANDSCAPE WHERE:

OPACITY OPACITY Kansas City, USA OPACITY NELSON MUSEUM NELSON OFMUSEUM ART OF ART NELSON MUSEUM OF ART WHO: WHERE: WHERE: STEVEN HOLL WHERE: OPACITY Kansas City, USA Kansas City, USA Kansas City, USA WHO: WHO: WHEN: WHO: STEVEN HOLL NELSON MUSEUM OF HOLL ARTSTEVEN STEVEN HOLL 2007 WHEN: WHEN:

WHERE: Kansas City, USA WHO: STEVEN HOLL WHEN: 2007

2007

WHEN: 2007 2007

THE GREENHOUSE

THE GREENHOUSE OPACITY

‘’FARMORE’’ TRANSPARENCY

FARMORE:

grid GRID

groundfloor fluidity GROUNDFLOOR FLUIDITY

129

GROUNFDLOOR 1 Info point 2 Traditional agricolture class 3 Vegetable art class 4 Cosmetic lab 5 Agro tools lab 6 Hydroponc agricolture class 7 Extraction of essences lab 8 Biological painting class 9 Botanic consulence 10 Distribution kitchen 11 Bike storage 12 Bar 13 Pigments extraction lab 14 Storage

FARMORE, the Project

3

6

13

14

1

6

7

2

9

8

10

11

5

14

4

2

1

12

0

130

10 m

9

6

3

4

7

5

9

1

8 9

2

GROUNDFLOOR 1 Food market 2 Traditional agricolture class 3 Fresh food degustation 4 Restaurant 5 Bar

6 Hydroponic agricolture class 7 Storage 8 Biological painting class 9 Hydroponic garden

0

131

10 m

1

3

3

4

2

THE GREENHOUSE 1 Domestic garden 2 Flower shop 3 Hydroponic agricolture 4 Storage

FARMORE, the Project

0

132

10 m

4

3

2

1

3

THE GREENHOUSE 1 Domestic garden 2 Flower shop 3 Hydroponic agricolture 4 Storage

0

133

10 m

FARMORE, the Project

134

135

00

BIBLIOGRAPHY, SITOGRAPHY

HOUSES, Kazuyo Sejima Ryue Nishizawa, Actar, 2015 SANAA, Yuko Hasegawa, Electa, 2005 S, M, L, XL, Rem Koolhaas and Bruce Mau, 2002 FARMAX, Winy Maas, Nai Uitgevers Pub, 1998 Physical planning in the Netherlands, Sibylle Cosyn, 1999 Reactivate! : innovators of Dutch architecture, Klooster Indira, 2013 FRAMEWORK https://nieuws.top010.nl/ ROTTERDAM ANALYSIS https://theportandthecity.wordpress.com https://www.rotterdam.nl/ https://www.ruaf.org/ https://www.pri.org/ ROTTERDAM HISTORY https://www.britannica.com/ https://museumrotterdam.nl/en/ https://hetnieuweinstituut.nl/ CASE STUDIES https://foodtank.com https://www.geoplastglobal.com https://www.ecowatch.com/ https://simplicable.com 137

00

DOCUMENTS AND ARTICLES

PORT VISION 2030, City Council of Rotterdam, 2011 PORT VISION 2030 PROGRESS REPORT, City Council of Rotterdam, 2014 BESTEMMINGSPLAN DE KOP VAN ZUID, Gementee Rotterdam, 2009 BESTEMMINGSPLAN DE KATENDRECHT, Gementee Rotterdam, 2009 WELSTANDSPARAGRAAF LAANKWARTIER KATENDRECHT, Gementee Rotterdam, 2005 WATERPLAN ‘‘WORKING ON WATER FOR AN ATTRACTIVE CITY’’, Municipality of Rotterdam, 2007 ROTTERDAM KOP VAN ZUID, TuDelft summerchool, 2007 ROTTERDAM RESILIENT STRATEGY CONSULTATION DOCUMENT, Gementee Rotterdam, 2011 STADIONPARK ACTUALISATIE Gementee Rotterdam, 2016

MASTERPLAN,

MASTERPLAN ROTTERDAM VOORUIT, Gementee Rotterdam, 2009 HOOGBOUWVISIE 2011, Gementee Rotterdam, 2011

139