CRL Creating a safe railway

CityRailLink.co.nz

CityRailLink

Creating a Safe Railway

System Safety on the City Rail Link Project

2023

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City Rail Link Limited | Creating a Safe Railway - System Safety on the CRL Project

CONTENTS

FOREWORD CRL LTD CHIEF EXECUTIVE

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PURPOSE OF THIS DOCUMENT

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PROJECT OVERVIEW

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People profiles

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HIGHLIGHTS

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SAFETY GOVERNANCE

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Project Sponsors

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City Rail Link Limited Board of Directors

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City Rail Link Limited Senior Leadership Team

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SAFETY RISK MANAGEMENT

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Safety Assurance Framework

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Safety Assurance Process

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Safety Stage Gates

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Safety Assurance Reports

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RAIL REGULATOR: WAKA KOTAHI

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Independent Safety Assessor

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Owner Verifier & Principal Technical Advisor

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Independent Certifier

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KiwiRail Involvement

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Auckland Transport Involvement

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SAFETY IN DESIGN

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Human Factors

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Requirements and Systems Engineering

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Testing and Commissioning

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Residual Risk and Handover

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COLLABORATION AND WORKING GROUPS

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INDEPENDENT REVIEWS AND EVALUATIONS

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Owners Representative and Owner Interface Managers

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SAFETY FEATURES

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Fire Safety

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Escalator Protection

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Platform – Track Protection and Monitoring

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Cross Passage Beacons

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City Rail Link Limited | Creating a Safe Railway - System Safety on the CRL Project

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FOREWORD CRL LTD CHIEF EXECUTIVE Mahia te mahi, hei painga hei oranga mo tātou katoa – To do the work for the good of everyone.

This includes our whānau of today and our tamariki of tomorrow who will travel through the City Rail Link.

The City Rail Link is designed to operate for 100 years and so is expected to carry hundreds of millions of passengers in its operational life. The City Rail Link also forms a central part of Auckland’s transport network and so safety and reliability are paramount considerations for New Zealand’s largest transport infrastructure project.

The City Rail Link Project has utilised international best practice railway safety and reliability standards, combined with international railway expertise in systems safety assurance and the latest approach to Health and Safety by Design.

The Link Alliance work very closely with end-user operators and rail licence-holders to make sure their safety case requirements are met toward gaining approvals from Waka Kotahi.

Dr Sean Sweeney Chief Executive Officer

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City Rail Link Limited | Creating a Safe Railway - System Safety on the CRL Project

Profile: Dr Sean Sweeney Sean is City Rail Link Limited’s Chief Executive Officer.

Sean previously delivered a programme of major public infrastructure in Victoria and ran a top tier Australian construction firm. More recently he established and implemented a $2.5bn prison construction programme for New South Wales. Sean holds a PhD in construction economics from the University of Melbourne.

PURPOSE OF THIS DOCUMENT This document describes the overall context for Safety Assurance of the City Rail Link Project including who is involved in making sure the City Rail Link is safe for operational use.

The document is intended for those with an interest in the operational safety and railway licensing of the City Rail Link including those unfamiliar with railway safety in New Zealand.

The key to the success of City Rail Link benefiting New Zealand is that it is safe for everyone: the travelling public and those that work in it, on it, and around it. Not just when the City Rail Link opens, but also well into the future. The City Rail Link is designed to serve the public for 100 years.

I believe New Zealanders also have an expectation that new transport infrastructure is as safe as any modern railway elsewhere in the world. Ensuring operational safety of the City Rail Link involves the culmination of many aspects of safety: that the City Rail Link is designed to be safe, everything is tested properly, that it can be maintained safely, and the way we operate it is safe. If things do go wrong, we need to be sure we can sustain safety during all foreseeable emergencies.

While underground railways are commonplace around the world, the City Rail Link brings a new context to New Zealand railway operations. New Zealand also has a unique regulatory context.

Under the Railways Act participants are required to establish their own standards, processes, and procedures to ensure safety.

Because underground metro operations are new to New Zealand, City Rail Link Limited (CRL Ltd) worked closely with KiwiRail, Auckland Transport, and the network services operator to align to international best practice.

Profile: Russell McMullan Russell is the General Manager Assurance and Integration for City Rail Link Limited.

Russell has 28 years’ experience in high tempo safety-critical operations. Beginning his career as an aeronautical engineer in the RNZAF, Russell has worked across multiple safety-critical industries, regulators, and large projects, including the development of multiple rail safety case submissions.

In addition to education in international relations and strategic studies within the military, Russell holds qualifications in telecommunications, aeronautical engineering, a Masters’ degree in Safety Leadership (Safety Science), and is a PhD candidate at Griffith University in Australia.

Operational safety is complex. Safety is as much a social challenge as it is a technical one. We rely on designers meeting codes and standards, but we also need to ensure that the design matches the operational needs and conditions. This means we must do our best to consider all the things that might happen in the 100-year operating life. We have to achieve all of this within the normal project constraints of limited time, budget, and resources and so this requires people to come together to collaborate and make the best decisions they can make given what they know at the time. This is one of the reasons why CRLL has engaged significant international expertise within the City Rail Link, The Link Alliance, and the Principal Technical Advisor.

While we cannot predict the future, we can be certain that we have done our very best to make sure the City Rail Link is safe for everyone.

Russell McMullan General Manager Assurance and Integration City Rail Link Limited | Creating a Safe Railway - System Safety on the CRL Project

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PROJECT OVERVIEW

City Rail Link (CRL or the Project) will contribute to a vibrant Auckland by transforming how people travel, live in, work in and enjoy their city. It is New Zealand’s largest transport infrastructure project ever and a game-changer for Auckland, doubling the capacity of the current rail network.

Building 3.45km twin track underground tunnels connecting Waitematā (Britomart) Station to Maungawhau Station, with tunnel depths of up to 42 metres underground, the CRL delivers two new stations; one under Albert Street with entrances at Wellesley and Victoria Streets named Te Waihorotiu Station, and the other under Karangahape Road with entrances at Beresford Square and Mercury Plaza named Karanga-a-Hape Station.

There is also a major redevelopment of Waitematā (Britomart) Station transforming it into a two-way through station, and major redevelopment of Maungawhau Station (formerly Mt Eden Station) with new platforms.

There are also streetscape enhancement around stations and along the entirety of Albert Street and provision of oversite development around new stations creating opportunity to build new homes, community spaces and workplaces.

The CRL provides:

The Crown and Auckland Council (CRL’s Sponsors) have agreed to co-fund and partner on the delivery of CRL, and collaborate on other initiatives, looking to achieve a number of overarching objectives including significant travel time savings and better connections for Auckland.

Once it is built, CRL will double the number of people living within 30 minutes travel of Auckland’s city centre and allow for a train at least every 10 minutes during peak.

Up to 54,000 rail passengers per hour will be able to travel in and out of the inner-city during rush hour when CRL is fully operational.

To move the same number by bus or car would require another 16 motorway lanes or three more Auckland Harbour Bridges.

Better travel choices will also help ease pressure on Auckland’s roads, bus congestion in the city centre will be reduced, and a health dividend includes cleaner air with more people travelling on electric trains.

• Capacity for nine-car electric trains on the CRL line

People profiles

• Operation of 48 trains per hour in the peak

People profiles are included throughout this report. The profiles showcase the broad expertise and depth of experience that the City Rail Link has employed to ensure the City Rail Link is safe and reliable and meets the competency needs of the rail licence holders under the Railways Act (2005).

• 100-year asset life • Wider network improvements at The Strand Ōtāhuhu, and Newmarket.

Maha ake ngā tereina - Tere ake ngā haerenga - Pai ake ngā hononga More trains - Faster journeys - Better connections 6

City Rail Link Limited | Creating a Safe Railway - System Safety on the CRL Project

HIGHLIGHTS

1495 Project Safety Requirements

>1500 Hazard Control Measures

293

Changes made to the design to improve safety

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Safety Assurance Reports

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Safety Gates

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Independent reviews of Safety Processes

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Projects returned to service

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SAFETY GOVERNANCE Project Sponsors The projects sponsors are the funders of the City Rail Link project and include Auckland Council and Central Government. The project sponsors execute their due diligence of the safety of the operational railway through: • Funding the project and monitoring project delivery • Appointing an independent assurance advisor • Seeking assurance the delivered City Rail Link performs as expected • Stakeholder participants are involved in the project and undertake their activities to ensure safe operations.

City Rail Link Ltd Board of Directors The City Rail Link Board of Directors have overall responsibility for the delivery of the City Rail Link. The Board exercise their due diligence of operational safety though: • Appointing the CEO and Senior Leadership Team • Ensuring there is an approved Safety Assurance Management Plan • Ensuring the planned Safety Assurance Reports are achieved • Seeking evidence of independent review of safety assurance • Seeking updates on the delivery of the safety assurance process • Understanding how exceptions are managed to closeout.

Profile: John Bridgman John is the City Rail Link Board Chairperson with 35+ years in engineering and project management in Australasia and Asia. He serves as a director of Waka Kotahi and Kāinga Ora, and is the Chief Executive of Ōtākaro Limited. He’s held key positions at AECOM, including Industry Director for Civil Infrastructure in Australia, managing large-scale projects, and Managing Director for the New Zealand business. John’s governance experience spans major infrastructure projects in New Zealand, Australia, Asia, and the UK.

Profile: Russell Black Russell is a City Rail Link Board Member with over 40 years’ experience in rail infrastructure projects.

Russell is a civil engineer with extensive client delivery management experience on major infrastructure projects - predominantly urban and underground railways in Hong Kong, Singapore, London, and China. Russell also provides client governance and consultancy services on Australian urban rail projects.

Profile: Malcolm Gibson Malcolm is a seasoned civil engineer specialising in urban underground railways. An Auckland University graduate, he spent 30 years in Hong Kong, working up to Head of Project Engineering at MTR Corporation. In 2015, he moved to Sydney as Technical Director for Australia’s first driverless metro, completed in 2019. Recently, he has shifted focus towards systems engineering for high-capacity, reliable metro networks.

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City Rail Link Limited | Creating a Safe Railway - System Safety on the CRL Project

SAFETY RISK MANAGEMENT Safety is understood differently by different people. Depending on how you view safety, you might consider something to be safe when some or all the following are met:

Safety Management:

Product Safety

• The legal requirements for safety are met

• The builder is competent

• Safety management follows a recognised process

• The product represents the design

• Those administering safety management are deemed competent

• There is quality assurance during construction

• There is sufficient oversight of the process

Design for safety • There is thorough exploration of possible safety risks • The end-user operators were consulted on safety risks • The safety risks are eliminated or minimised in the design • The prescribed standards and codes are met

• The expected safety features present • There is sufficient testing of the completed systems and operations • Testing and operation is absent of unsafe failures

Safety Acceptance • There is certification by an independent body • The owner/operator judges it to be safe • A safety case/case for safety is accepted by the regulator

• There has been independent review of the design • The designer and reviewer are competent The safety framework for CRL considers those principles above, captured in CRL Ltd’s Safety Assurance Framework described in CRL Ltd’s Safety Assurance Management Plan. The Safety Assurance Management Plan was endorsed by project leaders, end-user organisations, stakeholders, the rail regulator, and is signed by CRL Ltd’s Chief Executive.

Safety Management

Design for Safety

Safety Acceptance

Product Safety

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Safety Assurance Framework CRL has adopted a European railway safety and reliability standard as the guiding framework for railway safety. The ‘EN50126’ standard provides guidance on overall safety management for the project, as well as the types of safety assessment considerations that are generally required for a railway project.

• There is sufficient assessment of ‘reliability and availability’ in the system design

The basis of the EN50126 standards is that it provides safety through ensuring:

The decision to use the EN50126 standard was established in 2015 and approved by the Project Director and endorsed by the project’s Technical Control Group (that includes representatives from AT and KiwiRail) and subsequently endorsed by the Rail Regulator Waka Kotahi.

• Design requirements and safety features are managed and tracked using documented requirements • That there is rigorous safety assessment at all stages of design

• That the testing and commissioning is robust • That the operational performance and design reliability are measured and known once in service

The safety assurance processes are described in the City Rail Link Systems Assurance Management Plan.

• That there is prioritisation of designing out safety risks • There is good understanding of the system functions that are relied upon for safety • Making sure safety functions are reliable and ‘fail-safe’

Profile: Paul Dickinson Paul is the Link Alliance’ Systems Assurance Manager and leads all safety assurance for the Link Alliance. Paul is a Chartered Engineer with Engineering Australia with an extensive career in aviation, marine and rail. Most recently working on Sydney Metro managing safety for the Queensland New Generation Rail Vehicle. Paul leads a team of safety assurance engineers within Link Alliance. Paul holds a Master of Science degree from Cranfield University and a BSc from the University of Bath.

Profile: Tim Brown Tim is CRL Ltd’s Systems Safety Assurance Manager and leads safety assurance for CRL Ltd. Tim has over 20 years’ experience in risk and safety assurance of safety critical assets and operations from the aviation industry. Tim has a Master of Science degree from Loughborough University and a Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering from the University of Warwick in the United Kingdom.

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City Rail Link Limited | Creating a Safe Railway - System Safety on the CRL Project

Safety Assurance Process The diagram below provides an overview of the safety assurance process. Each cell provides some insight into the activities undertaken at each step.

Due to concurrent design and construction methodologies, there may be different parts of the project at different stages. The same process below is also adapted for the smaller projects on the wider network to ensure delivery is efficient while balancing the safety assurance requirements of stakeholders.

Operational definition

Establishment

Endorsement

Hazard Log

• Operating profile • Operating capacity

• Safety Assurance Standards

• Rail Licence-holders • Rail Regulator

• Hazard Identification • Safety Assessments

• Safety Assurance Plan

Project Requirements • Safety Requirements • Safety Analysis

Procurement of the Alliance

Reference Design

Safety Gate 2 (Design and Assurance Processes in place)

Design Stage C

Design Stage D

• Hazard Assessment • Occupational Hazards • Human Factors

• Design Approvals • Safety Approvals

Safety Gate 4

Testing and Commissioning

Assurance Process Endorsement • Rail Licence-holders • Rail Regulator

Safety Gate 1 (Requirements)

Design Stage A

Design Stage B

• Safety Assessments • HAZID/HAZOP • Safety in Design

• Safety Assessments • Interface Hazard Analysis • Human Factors

Safety Gate 3 (Design Approval)

Construction • Construction Assurance • Test Planning • Operational Planning

Rail Licence Approval • Rail Licenceholders • Rail Regulator

(Test Readiness

• Running Tests • Emergency Testing

Rail Licence Approvals

Public Operations

In-Service Monitoring

• Rail Licence-holders • Rail Regulator

• Under Safety Cases • Regulator Audits

• Maintenance • Safety Checks

Safety Gate 5 (Public Operations)

Figure 1 - Safety Assurance Process

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Safety Stage Gates The Safety Stage Gates are important milestones for the CRL’s safety assurance process.

Safety Gates allow ‘Duty Holders of the PCBU’1, as members of the Gate Board, the ability to exercise their due diligence for the operational safety of CRL by receiving and being presented evidence that safety has been adequately considered during the operational definition, requirements setting, design, delivery, and testing. This also provides an opportunity for enquiry into the process.

The Safety Gates also allow project delivery leadership the opportunity to demonstrate their achievement of safety assurance activities, and to provide answers to questions when asked by the Gate Board.

The Independent Safety Assessor also provides their independent position at the Safety Stage Gate to provide additional confidence to the Officers, duty holders, rail licence-holders, and Rail Regulator (Waka Kotahi).

Safety Stage Gates: CRL main works

1

Safety requirements

2

Safety processes planned and in place

3a 3b 3c

3a Civil design 3b Systems design 3c Signaling design

4

5

Network works

Review

Combined 2 and 3

Combined 4 and 5

- Op Conditions - Requirements defined

Safety Assured Design

Return to Service

Test readiness review

Ready for service review

Safety Stage Gates 4 and 5 for the Main CRL works require the rail licence holders to submit Project Safety Assurance evidence along with their own safety management system updates to the Rail Regulator when seeking variations to their approved Safety Cases.

Duty Holders of the Person Conducting Business or Undertaking (PCBU) as defined in the Health and Safety at Work Act. For the smaller projects, the Safety Stage Gate board responsibilities may be delegated.

1

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City Rail Link Limited | Creating a Safe Railway - System Safety on the CRL Project

Safety Assurance Reports A Safety Assurance Report is the ‘case for safety’ that the project is acceptably safe for its intended operating context. The Safety Assurance Report provides the documented assurance evidence that all of the required safety assessments have been achieved and all of the process requirements have been met. The accompanying railway safety hazard log contains the structured list of all identified hazards and the safety features describing how each of those hazards has been eliminated or minimised.

Safety Assurance Reports are authored by Safety Assurance specialists within the project and reviewed by the Owner Verifier, the CRL Safety Assurance Manager, the Independent Safety Assessor, and the rail licence holders.

A Safety Assurance Report for a railway is analogous to a fire engineering report for a building.

It requires consideration for all of the railway hazards and thorough assessment to ensure all safety risks are eliminated and minimised ‘So Far As Is Reasonably Practicable’ to meet the requirements of the Railways Act.

The Safety Assurance Report follows the EN50126 standard and describe the processes followed to achieve safety and the hazard mitigations. The contents are summarised in the diagram below.

System Definition

Quality Management

Safety Management

Technical Safety

Summary and Appendices

• Operating context

• Interfaces

• Safety requirements

• Assumptions

• Safety Assurance Process

• Design Verification

• Competency Management

• Audit and Review

• Hazard Analysis

• Interface Management

• Safety in Design

• Hazard Log

• Assurance of Safety Functions

• Achievement of Reliability, Availability, Maintainability

• Human Factors • Achievement of Technical Standards

• Justification risks are eliminated or minimised ‘So Far As Is Reasonably Practicable’ • Project Hazard Log

• Evidence of Safety Risk Handover Acceptance • Links to documented supporting evidence

Figure 2 - Summary of contents in a Safety Assurance Report

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Rail Regulator: Waka Kotahi Waka Kotahi (formerly The New Zealand Transport Agency) are the Rail Regulator in New Zealand. The Railways Act (2005) and Waka Kotahi require that all railway operators and access providers hold a Rail Licence.

The Rail Licence is based on the submission of a New Zealand Railway Safety Case (see insert).

KiwiRail and the network services operator are the rail licensees and Safety Case holders and for the City Rail Link to be introduced into service it is their New Zealand Railway Safety Case that needs to be amended to include CRL operations.

Waka Kotahi undertake a co-regulatory approach to rail regulation. This means that they require the railway organisation to establish their own processes and standards to demonstrate risk is eliminated and minimised ‘So Far As Is Reasonably Practicable’.

The CRL project established these processes in consultation with the rail licence holders and rail regulator, articulated in the Systems Assurance Management Plan.

A New Zealand Railway Safety Case is different than other jurisdictions such as Australia or the UK. A New Zealand Railway Safety Case needs to meet the content requirements of §30 of the Railways Act (2005), and is closer to a Safety Management System than a traditional railway Safety Case. The CRL project uses the term ‘Safety Assurance Report’ to describe the ‘case for safety’ to avoid confusion with the Operators’ Safety Case described in the Act.

Waka Kotahi required the inclusion of an Independent Safety Assessor on the CRL project to act as the Rail Regulator’s independent technical experts. SNC-Lavalin (Atkins) were jointly procured by CRLL and Waka Kotahi.

Rail Licence for Construction During fit-out of the City Rail Link tunnels the Link Alliance need to run hi-rail vehicles. This requires the Link Alliance to operate under an approved New Zealand Rail Safety Case and hold a railway licence as an Access Provider and Rail Vehicle Operator, as described in the Railways Act. Waka Kotahi approved the Link Alliance New Zealand Rail Safety Case in 2022.

Figure 3 - City Rail Link tunnels under construction (2022)

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City Rail Link Limited | Creating a Safe Railway - System Safety on the CRL Project

Independent Safety Assessor SNC-Lavalin Rail & Transit (Atkins) are engaged by City Rail Link Limited to undertake Independent Safety Assessment (ISA) services for the CRL Project. The ISA was procured from the international market using a twostage procurement process, and SNC-Lavalin Rail & Transit (Atkins) was selected from the six respondents who passed initial selection. The ISA includes a team of over 15 safety specialists across multiple tunnel and railway engineering disciplines. The ISA services and outputs are articulated in the ISA Plan.

The ISA undertakes technical safety assessment through all phases of works from tender design to commissioning.

Key ISA Activities • Review project Safety Assurance Plans

Other projects

• Review the adequacy of: • Safety Assessment

• Sydney Metro Northwest (Operations, Trains, Systems) ISA

• Safety in Design

• Forrestfield Airport Line ISA

• Reliability Engineering

• Adelaide Gawler Line Signalling ISA

• Hazard Log development • Human Factors

• Aurizon Computer Based Train Protection ISA

• Safety Integrity Level determination

• Canberra Light Rail Stage 1 ISA

• Safety ‘SFAIRP’ justification

• Sydney Trains Electrical Isolation Improvement Programme ISA

• Adherence to design and safety assessment process • Review of all Safety Assurance Reports • Commentary and input at Safety Stage Gates

• Issuance of certificates against the EN50126 standard at Safety Gates 4 and 5 for the main CRL works.

Profile: Peter Littlejohns Peter is the technical lead for the ISA services. Peter has worked in rail safety engineering for over 25 year’s including Crossrail, London Underground, Lloyds Register Rail, Siemens, Alstom across many notable international projects.

Peter holds a Master of Science in Safety Engineering Risk and Reliability from Aberdeen University and Bachelor of Engineering with Honours in Materials Engineering and Metallurgy from the University of Birmingham.

Profile: Ian Mash Ian is the ISA project director leading a team of over 15 specialist rail safety engineers across multiple disciplines. Ian has over 20 years in rail project management.

Ian is also a specialist rolling stock safety engineer, having previously worked in senior roles for Bombardier, Downer EDI Rail, Interfleet, and SNC Lavalin.

Profile: Peter Sansom Peter is CRLL’s contract manager for the ISA services. Peter also manages all safety stage gates and is secretary of the project technical and rail safety assurance working groups. Peter is a chartered professional engineer with extensive experience in transport and safety management, and Peter holds a Bachelor’s Degree in Civil Engineering from the University of Auckland.

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Owner Verifier & Principal Technical Advisor The Owner Verifier (OV) is an important function in an Alliance delivery as they provide specialist technical assurance that the delivered City Rail Link project achieves the technical requirements outlined in the Project Alliance Agreement (PAA). The Owner Verifier is led by Aurecon and includes Mott MacDonald, Jasmax, and Arup technical specialists. The Owner Verifier services are as an addition to the Principal Technical Advisor (PTA) services that have been ongoing since December 2013.

Owner Verifier Activities

PTA Design Services

The Owner Verifier activities that support safety assurance of the Link Alliance outputs include:

The PTA also undertake design services for City Rail Link Limited, typically for the wider network projects. For these projects the PTA scope includes co-ordinating the development of the project operating context, developing rail system design, undertaking the safety assurance activities on those designs, undertaking quality assurance of the delivery and testing, and presenting assurance evidence at Safety Stage Gates.

• Review the design submissions for consistency with the Project Development Phase Report • Review the design and construction of the Project by ensuring each are consistent with the project technical and functional requirements • Review of Alliance Safety Assurance Reports • Audit of the Alliance against their management plans • Observe key elements of the construction for consistency with the final design • Verification services on all parts of the CRL system and its interfaces with other systems and the rail network.

Profile: Stephen Vig Stephen is the Discipline Lead for Rail Systems at Aurecon. He has spent the majority of his 30 year career working on large scale integrated control and communications systems for the railway industry, which includes traction power, overhead line, railway signalling, fibre optic transmission systems, local controls and main and structured cables. Stephen has performed Project Management, Design Management, Test & Commissioning, Verification & Validation management activities. He holds a Bachelor’s degree from the University of Queensland.

Profile: Steve Dennehy Steve is a Systems Engineer with over 25 year’s multidisciplinary engineering. Steve is an INCOSE Certified Systems Engineering Professional (CSEP) and has worked on complex transport infrastructure, military, and aeronautical systems engineering projects. Steve has worked on multiple infrastructure projects around the world, including railway systems engineering in Melbourne and Perth. Steve also holds a Bachelor of Science in Engineering from the University of Natal.

Profile: Grant Daniel Grant has 34 years’ experience leading major transportation projects in NZ and internationally.

He has managed design, prepared contract documents, led tender evaluation, carried out contract negotiation and supervised construction on major projects - several exceeding US$1billion with significant international experience in the design and delivery of urban passenger railways. Grant holds an MBA and a Bachelor of Engineering from the University of Auckland.

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City Rail Link Limited | Creating a Safe Railway - System Safety on the CRL Project

Independent Certifier The Independent Certifier’s (IC) role is to demonstrate to the Sponsors and associated stakeholders that the City Rail Link achieves the operational performance requirements. These are the ‘Fit for Purpose’ and associated Minimum Requirements. Full CRL capability cannot be achieved at Practical Completion due to a number of constraints. The IC’s task will be to certify future ultimate capability and capacity through modelling and simulation based on test performance.

Independent Certifier Activities:

Other Projects

The IC activities and outputs include:

• Perth Metronet (Trains) IC

• Review the Alliance testing and commissioning plans, procedures and methods

• Queensland New Generation Rolling Stock Independent Certifier

• Review, monitor and report on the Alliance activities in order to validate that the Works are carried out in accordance with its intended purpose

• Operations and Maintenance Technical Advisor to the Cross River Rail Delivery Authority

• Participate, if requested, to regular meetings with the Alliance • Preparation of monthly progress reports • Participate in the review of the completed Works, monitoring the close out of any non-conformances or outstanding items; and • witness and certify that testing and commissioning is adequate for the External Authorities to carry out their site inspections

• Canberra Light Rail Stage 1 – Rail Operations & Maintenance Advisory • Sydney Metro Western Sydney Airport – Integration & Delivery Partner

Profile: Hilda Schoeman Hilda is the lead Independent Certifier and is supported by a team of subject matter experts.

Hilda is a chartered engineer specialising in rail system integration, large project delivery, system engineering and safety authorisation management. She has an extensive background in rail large project delivery, entry into service and multi-disciplinary engineering integration. This includes time on HS2, East West Rail and the Network Rail Electrification Project, all in the UK. Hilda is a graduate of Stellenbosch University in South Africa.

Profile: Glynn Doust Glynn Doust is an experienced team lead and consultant with a background in project management and office administration. Currently the ISA/IC Team Lead at SNC-Lavalin in Sydney, he was previously a Senior Consultant for the same company. Glynn spent over 10 years at Atkins, progressing from Office Administrator to Senior Office Administrator, and then to Project Management Consultant. His skills include financial reporting, bid development, CRM and quality management.

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KiwiRail Involvement KiwiRail is the rail network owner and works with CRL Ltd to ensure that new infrastructure will be fit for purpose and operationally safe.

KiwiRail is involved in the following safety assurance related activities: • Link Alliance Project Alliance Board Member • Safety Stage Gate Board Member • Embedding of technical staff into the Link Alliance • Reviews of rail systems design • Development and review of operational and maintenance processes

KiwiRail have also been funded by City Rail Link Limited (CRLL) to deliver track, signalling, and overhead line at Ōtāhuhu Station, North Auckland Line, Newmarket, Strand, and Waitematā (Britomart). This includes providing CRLL with safety assurance outputs to ensure all work achieves the CRLL’s requirements, so CRLL can in-turn demonstrate safety assurance to all stakeholder parties.

• Providing train control services for testing and commissioning • Involvement in testing and commissioning • Review of safety assurance outputs • Participation in Safety in Design workshops

Profile: David Gordon David is KiwiRail’s appointee on the Link Alliance Project Alliance Board. David is KiwiRail’s Chief Operating Officer for Capital Projects and Asset Development. David has an extensive background in rail infrastructure delivery.

Profile: Carl Mills Carl is KiwiRail’s Project Director for Control Systems Integration. Carl is responsible for operating systems planning and integration connecting CRL to the existing Auckland Metro rail network. Carl has 29 years rail operating and safety management experience including a decade as national manager of network operations and train control. He has experience in timetable planning, regulatory systems, and systems design.

Profile: Bevan Assink Bevan is KiwiRail’s Programme Manager for their involvement in the City Rail Link project. Bevan is also the appointed KiwiRail member of the Project Safety Gate Boards. Bevan has an extensive career in infrastructure delivery and is a Chartered Professional Engineer with a Bachelor of Engineering with 1st class honours in Civil Engineering.

Profile: Christian Parra-John Christian is leading the planning and development of KiwiRail’s safety case variation for the City Rail Link. Christian is an experienced systems engineer in software, communications, defence, rail and utility project delivery. Christian is a graduate of the University of Portsmouth and a former president of INCOSE NZ.

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City Rail Link Limited | Creating a Safe Railway - System Safety on the CRL Project

Auckland Transport Involvement Auckland Transport (AT) are the public transport provider for Auckland and work with City Rail Link Limited to ensure that new infrastructure delivered by City Rail Link Limited meets the operational safety needs of the franchisee operator and the travelling public.

AT are involved in the following safety assurance related activities: • Link Alliance Project Alliance Board Member

• Appointment of the franchisee rail services operator

• Safety Stage Gate Board Member

• Involvement in testing and commissioning of stations

• Embedding of technical staff into the Link Alliance

• Review of all safety assurance outputs

• Technical reviews of station systems design

• Participation in Safety in Design workshops

• Appointment of the maintenance contractor for the CRL • Ensuring the rolling stock is fit for purpose for CRL. AT provide the trains and rail operator services for testing and commissioning.

Profile: Christian Messelyn Christian is Auckland Transport’s appointee on the Link Alliance Project Alliance Board.

Christian is the Portfolio Delivery Director for Alliance projects at Auckland Transport.

Christian has significant experience in public transport and rail operations at the executive and governance level.

Profile: Ian Howell Ian is Auckland Transport’s Programme Manager for their involvement in the City Rail Link Project. Ian has been responsible for a wide range of transport projects over the last 8 years at AT. Ian is a Chartered Engineer through the UK Engineering Council, holds a Masters degree in Engineering from University College London and a Post Graduate Diploma in Business Studies from the London Business School.

Profile: Gareth Williams Gareth is the Rail Safety and Assurance Manager for Auckland Transport on the City Rail Link Project. Gareth has an extensive career in rail safety including leadership roles in rail safety in KiwiRail, operational standards and rail safety manager for the rail operators in Auckland and Wellington and a is a trained railway accident investigator.

Profile: Mark Jones Mark is the Operations Safety Specialist for the network services operator. Mark previously held roles as the City Rail Link Operations Planning Manager, and metro services performance manager. Mark has a Diploma in Operations Management from the University of Auckland.

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SAFETY IN DESIGN The term Safety in Design (SiD) is a term used to describe the general consideration for health and safety and the prevention of harm, including chronic illness, during the early phases of a project or system lifecycle with the goal of improving safety at future phases of the project or system lifecycle. The lifecycle considered typically includes pre-planning, concept, procurement, design, construction, operation, maintenance, emergency management, renewal, and disposal.

The aim of Safety in Design is to eliminate and minimise safety risks as early in the project lifecycle where it is cheaper and easier to do so. Safety in Design achieves this using three core objectives: • Modify the design to eliminate and minimise hazards and safety risks across the lifecycle by addressing them early in the design when it is cheaper and easier to do so

• Communicate remaining identified hazards and safety risks downstream to later stages of design, construction, operation, use, maintenance, and demolition • Document the state of knowledge and decisionmaking for assurance purposes.

The EN-50126 safety assessment process requirements exceed what is normally undertaken for civil engineering Safety in Design activities. To create efficiency and avoid duplication the EN-50126 safety assessment processes are focused on the operational railway safety and these risks are captured in the project ‘Engineering and Operational Hazard Log’. ‘Safety in Design’ workshops are undertaken on design package works to explore constructability hazards, maintenance hazards and general operability.

EN-50126 Safety Assessments

Safety in Design Assessments

Undertaken by the Safety Assurance Team

Undertaken by the Design Management Team supports the EN50126 safety assessments through:

Includes: • Preliminary Hazard Analysis • System Safety Hazard Analysis • Interface Hazard Analysis • Hazard and Operability Studies • Occupational Safety Hazard Analysis • Failure Mode Effects Analysis • Human Factors Assessment • Availability Analysis • Maintenance Hazards • Asset Renewal Hazards Primary focus: • Operational Hazards • Hazards to and from the public

• Design Package Review for Safety • Tabletop workshops • Constructability Hazards • Asset replacement hazards Primary focus: • Constructability hazards • Maintenance hazards • Asset renewal hazards Identified operational safety risks are shared with the Safety Assurance team and vice versa.

Outputs are captured in the Safety in Design register.

• Emergency Management Outputs are captured in the Engineering and Operational Hazard Log which is used in rail licensing applications.

Profile: Andrew Richardson Andrew led the Safety in Design activities for the Link Alliance and has implemented an approach considered contemporary best practice for safety in design. Andrew is a senior design manager and risk engineer with over 16 years’ experience in rail civil engineering and design. Andrew has previously worked on many large international railway projects as design manager, team leader, and engineering manager. Andrew holds a Masters’ Degree in Civil Engineering 1st Class from Loughborough University.

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City Rail Link Limited | Creating a Safe Railway - System Safety on the CRL Project

Human Factors Human factors is the application of physiological and psychological principles to the design of the City Rail Link and the safety critical processes required to operate it. The goal of human factors is to reduce human error, increase performance, and enhance safety with a specific focus on the interaction between the human and the City Rail Link systems and infrastructure.

The Human Factors workstream is outlined in the Human Factors Management Plan. The outputs from human factors assessments are captured in:

Human Factors within the Link Alliance covers a wide range of activities, with focus on:

• Human factors integration reports provided at agreed milestones throughout the project

• Control centre and control room human-centred design, including workload analysis

• Minutes of the Signal Sighting Committee.

• A human-factors issues log which is used to explore options and track issues to their resolution • The project Engineering and Operational Hazard Log to capture residual risks

• Usable access within operational spaces and back of house for maintenance • Evacuation and wayfaring/wayfinding from an emergency management perspective • Submission of signalling design to the National Signal Sighting Committee.

Signal Sighting Committee All signal designs along with supporting materials such as 3D renderings are submitted to the KiwiRail Signal Sighting Committee for approval. The Signal Sighting Committee is managed by KiwiRail and includes drivers, train control, and engineering specialists.

Figure 4 – 3D rendering of an example evacuation sign and lighting

Profile: Dr Jared Thomas Jared leads the Link Alliance human factors workstream. Jared is a Technical Principal in Behavioural Sciences and has over 20 years extensive experience in human factors and behavioural science in transport. Jared holds a PhD (psychology), a Master of Social Science (psychology), and a bachelor’s degree in psychology and philosophy.

Profile: Louise Malcolm Louise is a human factors and ergonomics specialist with 15 years’ experience across multiple transport sectors, including a previous role as the Group Leader for Human Factors at Jaguar Land Rover. Louise holds a Master of Science in Ergonomics from the University of Auckland.

City Rail Link Limited | Creating a Safe Railway - System Safety on the CRL Project

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Requirements and Systems Engineering The City Rail Link Project utilises a ‘requirementsbased’ approach to delivery. This means that a set of technical and performance requirements are allocated to project and design package, along with a requirement for the design team to positively demonstrate those requirements are met in their design. This approach provides improved consistency between design packages, supports robust scope management, and allows any potential shortcomings to be identified early in the design process. The requirements management process also provides ongoing confidence toward final performance of the City Rail Link.

The project technical and functional requirements were developed from Auckland Transport’s Code of Practice, KiwiRail technical standards, stakeholder engagement, augmented from relevant international underground railway standards. The requirements were progressively agreed with Auckland Transport, KiwiRail, and stakeholders between 2015 and 2019 when they were issued as the project requirements baseline in the Project Alliance Agreement. To ensure strict configuration management the requirements are stored in a secure high-integrity DOORS database where change is strictly controlled.

Requirements Achievement PDA (Schedule 3: Sponsors’ Requirements

CRL Ltd Responsbility “Project Delivery Agreement (PDA)”

(1)

OPDD

CRL Ltd Responsbility “City Rail Link”

Fitness for Purpose

(2) (12)

(3)

(5)

(13)

(6)

Interface Lead Responsbility “City Rail Link Interfaces” (13)

(7)

Compliance Statements

Test Plan(s)

Contract Package Responsbility DOORS project per contract package

• Functional Compliance Audits at design and construction • Safety Assurance Reports showing requirements achievement

(8)

Contract Specs (9)

• Checking requirements have been achieved at design approval with no outstanding departures or changes

Design Manuals

Interface Specs

• Requirements Engineers working with design managers at commencement of design • Checking requirements are met in the design by design package reviewers

Functional Requirements (4)

Assurance of requirements achievement is provided through:

(10)

• Presentation of the summary at Safety Stage Gates

Test Procedure and Results

Figure 5 - Requirements Hierarchy

Profile: Sudheer Vaddella Sudheer is the Link Alliance Systems Engineering Manager. Sudheer leads the system engineering team who are responsible for overall management of the System Interfaces, Requirements, System Analysis, Change and Configuration. Sudheer has extensive experience over 16 years across the UK, Middle East and India on complex rail projects where he has acquired expertise in the areas of System Engineering, System Integration, Railway Operations, T&C and Signalling Designs. Sudheer has completed a Bachelor of Technology degree from Jawaharlal Nehru Technology University.

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City Rail Link Limited | Creating a Safe Railway - System Safety on the CRL Project

Testing and Commissioning The operational acceptance criteria for the CRL are established in twelve specific functional requirements agreed with the end-user organisations and sponsors in 2019. Achievement of these requirements will be independently certified by the ‘Independent Certifier’. Operational performance and activities required for ‘day 1’ are co-ordinated at the Operational Readiness Alignment Group (ORAG) chaired by Auckland Transport and attended

by CRLL, Link Alliance, KiwiRail and the metro services operator. While the Link Alliance are responsible for overall planning and execution of the Testing and Commissioning programme, KiwiRail, Auckland Transport, and the Network Services Operator play key roles in leading the execution of testing and commissioning. Details of the CRL Testing and Commissioning are outlined in the TSCI plan.

Safety Assurance Gate 4

Safety Assurance Gate 5

Construction Completion

Practical Completion

Static Tests

Dynamic Tests

Stage 0

Stage 1

Stage 2A Stage 3A

Stage 4

Pre-testing

Component Factory Tests Site Installation All Systems & Material Tests Sub System Tests Tests Integrations Tests

Stage 5

Stage 6

Stage 7

Train Running Tests

Emergency Procedures Tests

Performance Demons. Tests

Figure 6 - Testing and Commissioning and Systems Integration (TSCI) phases outlined in the TSCI plan

Profile: Walid Tekitek Walid is the Link Alliance Deputy Technical Director. Walid leads a team of operations and maintenance specialists for the overall management of the City Rail Link dynamic testing, train run tests, emergency procedures testing toward in-service operations. Walid has extensive rail operations and testing experience across Europe and the Middle East. Walid studied in Paris at a highly specialized engineering school in the fields of industries and railways operation in particular (ESTACA); and complemented his Masters’ Degree with Project management and Mechanical Engineering at Laval University in Quebec, Canada.

Profile: Martyn Paterson

Non-Alliance Projects

Martyn leads the planning, development and coordination of the testing and commissioning plans for Auckland Transport.

Martyn has extensive engineering and operational experience as a Licenced Test Flight Engineer on Boeing and Airbus aircraft.

Martyn has studied in both New Zealand and the Middle East and is a qualified Mechanical Engineer and Aeronautical Engineer.

Non-alliance projects hold a Safety Gate prior to returning to service, and operational acceptance is achieved though returning assets and projects into service using KiwiRail’s existing process and then formalised at ‘Safety Stage Gate 5’ as soon as possible after return to service.

Profile: Hamish Barber Hamish leads the planning, development and coordination of testing and commissioning planning for KiwiRail. Hamish has vast experience including senior design management roles within Transport for London and the Crossrail project.

Profile: Binu Mathew Binu is the Link Alliance Operations Specialist and is an experienced Project manager with significant international rail experience. Binu held a number of roles on the development of the world’s largest driverless railway for Dubai Metro where he worked within Programme Management, Control Room testing and operations, as well as Engineering & Maintenance. Binu holds a Master of Business Administration in Strategic Planning and a Bachelor of Technology in Electrical and Electronics Engineering.

City Rail Link Limited | Creating a Safe Railway - System Safety on the CRL Project

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Residual Risk and Handover The Project’s residual safety risks and handover are managed through a ‘Handover Management Group’ chaired by the Alliance with membership from the end-user and operating organisations. This is augmented by communicating the ‘Safety Related Application Conditions’ which are those things that need to be undertaken to maintain safety once in service and require positive acknowledgement and acceptance by the relevant end-user and operating organisation.

For Non-Alliance projects, the safety risk handover acceptance criteria is bespoke to each project due to the varying delivery nature of projects being introduced back into service ahead of completion of the main works, and also because much of the work is delivered through funding agreements to the current asset owner to modify the asset under their existing regime. For each of these projects, a risk handover workshop is held to formally communicate the residual risks for each Non-Alliance project.

Profile: Oliver Barrett Oliver Barrett serves as the Handover Manager for the Link Alliance, bringing over 18 years of management and engineering expertise in the construction industry. Specialising in rail, road, and building projects, Oliver has played crucial roles in a myriad of projects, ranging from smallscale to large multi-disciplinary initiatives. His experience includes various contract types such as Design & Construct (D&C) and Alliances. Oliver holds a BEng (Hons) in Civil & Structural Engineering from the University of Bradford.

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City Rail Link Limited | Creating a Safe Railway - System Safety on the CRL Project

COLLABORATION AND WORKING GROUPS Working groups are used to support delivery of the Alliance and Non-Alliance projects.

The working groups support delivery through: •

Providing a formal forum for stakeholder engagement

•

Keeping stakeholders informed of project progress

•

Supporting joint decision-making

•

Minuting decisions and actions

•

Support consolidated reporting to aid project governance.

While there are other project working groups related to construction, those supporting the overall rail safety and licensing are discussed below.

Technical Control Group

Operational Readiness Alignment Group

The Technical Control Group (TCG) maintains the Project’s functional and technical requirements. The functional and technical requirements were established over a 5-year period and were based on KiwiRail and AT technical standards augmented with international best practice from similar projects. The requirements ‘baseline’ was endorsed by the TCG in 2019 and this baseline was contracted to Link Alliance and is the basis for all Non-Alliance projects. Any changes or departures from the functional and technical requirements requires TCG endorsement. This allows the end-user organisations to assess the impact of the change on their operating risk profile. Each departure or change submitted to TCG is reviewed by the relevant technical subject matter experts and assessed for safety risk, maintenance implications and cost. The TCG members include CRLL, Auckland Transport, and KiwiRail, with attendance by the Alliance, the network operator, and the Project Technical Advisor.

The City Rail Link Project delivers twin tunnels and new stations, though there are additional works that need to be undertaken to deliver the full capability the CRL enables across the wider network. This includes minor modifications to Auckland Transport’s trains, the purchase of new trains, hiring new drivers and upgrades to track and power across the network, as well as revision of the Auckland Network Train Timetable. The Operational Readiness Alignment Group (ORAG) was created to coordinate these activities between Auckland Transport, KiwiRail, CRLL, the Network Operator, and the Link Alliance. The group is chaired by Auckland Transport.

Emergency Services Working Group

•

Tracking of Independent Safety Assessor Safety Notices

•

Closing out actions arising from Safety Stage Gates

•

Closing out actions identified as required in project Safety Assurance Reports.

The Emergency Services Working Group (ESWG) was established to co-ordinate stage 6 emergency testing and commissioning activities with the emergency and security services, including the Auckland Council Civil Defence and Emergency Management Group, Fire and Emergency New Zealand (FENZ), the New Zealand Police including the Armed Offenders Squads and counterterrorism units, and St Johns Ambulance. The stage 6 testing and commissioning needs to satisfy these entities and the ESWG keeps these stakeholders informed, as well as supporting their exercises during testing and commissioning.

Rail Safety Case Working Group The Rail Safety Case Working Group (RSWG) was established to co-ordinate the overall CRL safety case submissions by the rail licence-holders. The Rail Safety Case Working Group also monitors and co-ordinates:

The RSCWG membership includes CRLL, Auckland Transport, KiwiRail, the Alliance, the PTA, the ISA, and the Network Operator.

City Rail Link Limited | Creating a Safe Railway - System Safety on the CRL Project

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INDEPENDENT REVIEWS AND EVALUATIONS Independent reviews and evaluations provide stakeholders and sponsors with additional assurance by bringing further international expertise and independent views and critique to the CRL project. These reviews and audits are in addition to the safety assurance output document reviews mentioned elsewhere.

Rail Systems Technical Committee The Rail Systems Technical Committee (RTSC) is a team of international rail systems and project specialists who provide significant senior management independent external expertise to the CRL project.

The RTSC periodically meet and undertaken inquiry into the CRL project and explore areas of project risk, procurement, programme, rail technical matters, and alliance organisational matters. The RTSC make recommendations to the Project Alliance Board.

Sponsors Assurance Audits The City Rail Link Project sponsors established the ‘sponsors assurance agent’ early in the project to review the CRL project systems and delivery and audit specialist areas of the project including systems and safety assurance. To date they have completed 11 reviews or audits.

Owner Verifier Audits & Evaluations The owner verifier undertakes audits of the Alliance management plans under direction of the Owner Interface Manager (OIM). The owner verifier team also provide peer review services through the testing and commissioning planning phase and will audit and

witness the system integration activities and review key test records.

CRL Ltd Audits and Evaluations City Rail Link Limited has ‘upstream safety responsibilities’ and while relying on the audits and reviews of others where possible, has completed its own audits. These have covered construction management, requirements management (including the DOORS data base) and safety assurance processes.

The ISA also conduct regular audits.

Alliance Audits The Alliance undertake their own ‘internal’ audits, conducted by their in-house quality team and ‘external’ audits with team members from the home company of alliance participants, including CRLL.

Other Reviews and Audits There have been a number of reviews of the CRL project initiated by CRLL and others. Those involved include the Office of the Auditor General, Treasury, Audit NZ, Fire & Emergency NZ, Navigatus Consulting and Anthony Harper. Waka Kotahi are an observer at safety gates and working groups.

Profile: Lee Tze Man (TM Lee) TM Lee is an international rail project expert with over 37 year’s project delivery experience, with 23 delivering various railway projects with the MTR Corporation in Hong Kong, Beijing, and Sydney, with notable achievements in the on-time and within-budget delivery of 3 railway lines with 30 stations in Hong Kong and Beijing from the project commencement to lines opening. TM Lee is a member of the RTSC for the City Rail Link project.

Profile: Mark Baxter Mark is an executive general Manager at UGL rail, with vast experience in railway projects and project engineering across multiple sites and business units. Mark is a member of the RTSC for the City Rail Link project.

Profile: Gilles Causse Gilles has worked for Vinci Construction Grands Projets for over 41 years and is currently the director of systems. Gilles was previously a professor of reinforced and prestressed concrete at the National School of Bridges and Roads. Gilles oversaw the design of over 400 structures on the TGV SEA line in Tours-Bordeaux. Gilles is a member of the RTSC for the City Rail Link project.

Profile: Terry Poynton Terry has held senior executive positions including more than 15 years in public transport in both Victoria and New South Wales. Terry is experienced in managing complex procurement projects for both the Department of Defence and public transport authorities. Terry has worked in rail, light rail and bus public transport operations specialising in compliance and engineering and as a rail safety regulator. Terry leads the Sponsors Assurance Agent.

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City Rail Link Limited | Creating a Safe Railway - System Safety on the CRL Project

Owners Representative and Owner Interface Managers The Alliance is essentially a self-contained organisation charged with delivery of the main CRL works. As such it is empowered to make its own decisions and the Project Alliance Board are wholly accountable for delivery of the CRL against the requirements. The Owners Representative and Owner Interface Managers (OIM) provide the avenue for the end-user organisations, as well as CRLL, to engage with the Alliance as external parties.

DPSC

Alliance ISA

• PAB Members

PCG

• City Rail Link Ltd • Auckland Transport • KiwiRail • Vinci Construction Grands Projets S.A.S • Downer NZ Ltd

Owners Rep OIM-T OIM-C

Owner Verifier

• AECOM New Zealand Ltd • Tonkin + Taylor Ltd

• CRL Ltd • AT • KiwiRail

• Solentanche Bache International NZ Ltd • WSP New Zealand Ltd

SAP Leadership Team

CRL Ltd

To make sure the external parties are aligned, there is a small governance structure established to help decisionmaking. This includes the ‘Stakeholder Alliance Participants’ (SAP) leadership team, who can escalate unresolved decisions to the ‘Project Controls Group’ (PCG). The PCG members include the KiwiRail, Auckland Transport, and CRLL PAB members. The PCG can also escalate decisions to the ‘Delivery Partner Steering Committee’ (DPSC) which includes the Chief Executives of KiwiRail, Auckland Transport, and CRLL, as well as representatives from the Sponsors. Final decisions are issued to the Alliance by the Owners Representative.

Profile: Sumi Eratne Sumi is the Owners Representative for the Link Alliance. Sumi was previously a Project Director with the NZ Transport Agency and delivered the World’s 10th largest EPB TBM driven twin 14.5m diameter 2.5km long Waterview Connection tunnels valued at $1.4Bn. Past projects include large scale mining related works including design and construction of one of the large Tailings Dams in the world and multimillion dollar motorways, tunnels and bridge structures. Extensive experience in portfolio programme management and financial, risk and performance management of projects. Sumi is also on the Project Alliance Board.

Profile: Wayne Cooney Wayne is the Systems Director for CRLL and the Owner Interface Manager (Technical) for the Link Alliance. Wayne has over 20 years experience in the rail industry having worked on projects in Hong Kong and Australia. He has been responsible for the design, installation, commissioning and integration of heavy and light rail projects. Wayne’s role includes leading the systems integration efforts, including CRL’s integration into the wider rail network

City Rail Link Limited | Creating a Safe Railway - System Safety on the CRL Project

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SAFETY FEATURES Fire Safety Significant effort has been undertaken in the fire engineering design of the City Rail Link project. This includes considerations for compliance with codes and standards, engagement with stakeholders and regulators, international best practice, safety modelling, risk assessment, peer review, and engagement with regulators and stakeholders. One major safety feature for CRL is the emergency cross passages. These offer a safe evacuation into the ‘non-incident tunnel’ in the event of an emergency.

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Escalator Protection Escalator side protection is included in all CRL stations.

This aims to mitigate the following credible hazards: • Person falling off from the side of the escalator due to accidental slipping or tripping over.

• Person falling off from the side of the escalator landing due to accidentally coming into contact with the outer edge of a handrail and be drawn into a void.

• Young child carried in a caregiver’s arms being accidentally dropped off from the side of the escalator due to the caregiver’s accidental slipping or tripping.

• A person falling off from the side of the escalator due to playing or disorderly behaviour.

International research on escalator risks found that side protection is becoming more and more common to prevent accidents.

Figure 8 - Example escalator side protection in a shopping mall City Rail Link Limited | Creating a Safe Railway - System Safety on the CRL Project

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Figure 7 – City Rail Link Cross Passages

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MAUNGAWHAU STATION

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XPB WELLESLEY STREET

CUSTOMS STREET EAST

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NEWTON JUNCTION TUNNELS, REFER CRL-NJT-TUN-SKE-048241

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Maungawhau Station (Redeveloped)

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Platform – Track Protection and Monitoring The ‘platform to track’ interface point is an area of significant safety risk in railway. There is essentially heavy machinery (trains) moving at high speed near the public including the elderly, children, and people of limited physical and cognitive ability. The Railways Act (2005) requires that safety risks of death and serious injury are eliminated or minimised ‘So Far As Is Reasonably Practicable’. Many underground railway include ‘Platform Screen Doors’ (PSD) to assist in managing this risk. However, because PSDs were outside of the scope of the CRL project, and due to a number of technical and operational constraints

identified during detailed safety risk analysis, PSD’s are not viable for the City Rail Link Project, and so a ‘Track protection monitoring’ system is included as part of the CRL scope. This system detects if someone falls onto the track area at a station and provides alerts to operators and drivers to allow them to respond in efforts to avoid death and serious injury. The system is being delivered by Auckland Transport using video analytics that uses machine learning to identify people and behaviours. Such systems are already employed internationally, and in use on the Auckland network at present.

Figure 9 - Auckland Transport's video analytics showing people detection at Waitematā (Britomart)

Profile: Dr Darryl Weinert Darryl is the Fire Engineering Lead for the Link Alliance. Darryl began his career in fire safety science and engineering in 1997 after leaving CSIRO and moving to Victoria University, where he completed his PhD with the Centre for Environmental Safety and Risk Engineering (Victoria University). Darryl’s transport experience has focussed on major rail projects nationally and internationally, including projects for Transport for NSW, Level Crossing Removal Authority, MTR Corporation in Hong Kong and Klang Valley MRT, Malaysia. Other transport activities include Hong Kong international airport and Sydney Airport, and even a cruise terminal in HK.

City Rail Link Limited | Creating a Safe Railway - System Safety on the CRL Project

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Cross Passage Beacons The CRL features twin tunnels running parallel between Maungawhau and Waitematā (Britomart).

Joining these two tunnels are 7 cross passages allowing movement from one tunnel to the neighbouring one.

The primary purpose of these is to allow evacuation of passengers and staff from a tunnel with a fire or other incident to a safer location. Cross passages also contain various tunnel systems and services, and therefore maintenance access will be required into those areas.

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Cross passage doors will be monitored through CCTV, and in the event of a cross passage door is detected as open, a flashing purple beacon in the tunnel will notify train drivers approaching the cross passage to proceed with caution and prepare to stop. This will provide drivers enough time to slow down, reducing the chance of a train-to-person collision. Purple was chosen by the railway operators in consultation with drivers and their representatives to avoid confusion with the red, amber and green train signals. The system also alerts the Station Controllers and Train Controller in their respective control rooms.

City Rail Link Limited | Creating a Safe Railway - System Safety on the CRL Project

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