16.506 LIGHTING AND GLArE

16.506.01 PURPOSE AND APPLICABILITY

The purpose of this Chapter is to control outdoor lighting in order to maintain adequate visibility and safety, conserve energy, and protect against direct glare and excessive lighting. The standards of this Chapter apply to all new development and to exterior alterations and additions to existing development that involve replacement of light fixtures or systems. The total outdoor light output shall not exceed that allowed on the site for individual lighting zoning districts, except as provided in the Section 16.506.02, Exemptions, below.

A. Lighting by Zoning Districts. The maximum outdoor light output level for a site shall not exceed the lighting level allowed for the zoning district in which the site is located as follows: 1. Areas of high ambient lighting levels. These areas include the DMX, CC, RC, IL, and IG, and Zoning Districts. 2. Areas of medium ambient lighting levels. These areas include the RMD, RHD, NMX, NC, WC, WMX, O, M, PS Zoning Districts. 3. Areas of low ambient lighting levels. These areas include the RR, RLD, PROS, and RCN Zoning Districts.

B. Classes of Lighting.

1. Class 1 Lighting. All outdoor lighting used for, but not limited to, outdoor sales or eating areas, assembly or repair areas, advertising and other signs, recreational facilities and other similar applications where color rendition is important to preserve the effectiveness of the activity. Designation of lighting as Class 1 requires a finding by the Director of the essential nature of color rendition for the application. Recognized Class 1 uses are: outdoor eating and retail food or beverage service areas; outdoor maintenance areas; display lots; assembly areas such as concert or theater amphitheaters. 2. Class 2 Lighting. All outdoor lighting used for, but not limited to, illumination for walkways, roadways, equipment yards, parking lots and outdoor security where general illumination for safety or security of the grounds is the primary concern. 3. Class 3 Lighting. Any outdoor lighting used for decorative effects including, but not limited to, architectural illumination, flag and monument lighting, and illumination of trees, bushes, etc.

16.506.02 EXEMPTIONS

A. General Exemptions. The following lighting is exempt from the provisions of this Chapter. 1. Emergency Lighting. Temporary emergency lighting needed by police, fire, and other emergency services. 2. Holiday Lights. Holiday lighting from October 30th to February 1st, provided that no individual lamp exceeds 10 watts and 70 lumens. Flashing holiday lights are prohibited on commercial properties. 3. Nonconformance. All other outdoor light fixtures lawfully installed prior to and operable on the effective date of this Chapter are exempt from all requirements of this Chapter. There shall be no change in use or lamp type, or any replacement (except for same-type and same-output lamp replacement) or structural alteration made, without conforming to all applicable requirements of this Chapter. Further, if the property is abandoned, or if there is a change in use of the property, the provisions of this Chapter will apply when the abandonment ceases or the new use commences.

B. Other Exemptions.

1. Swimming Pool and Fountain Lighting.

Underwater lighting used for the illumination of swimming pools and fountains is exempt from the lamp type and shielding standards, though it shall conform to all other provisions of the Zoning Code. 2. Solar-powered Lighting. Solar-powered lights of 5 watts or less per fixture used in residential landscaping applications and to illuminate walkways are exempt from applicable lamp type and shielding standards and are excluded from the total lumen calculations for the site. 3. Temporary Exemptions. Any individual may submit a written request to the Director for a temporary exemption from the requirements of this Chapter. If approved, such exemption will be valid for up to 30 days and is renewable at the discretion of the Director. The request for a temporary exemption shall describe:

a. Specific exemptions requested; b. Type and use of exterior light involved; c. Duration of time for requested exemption; d. Type of lamp and calculated lumens; e. Total wattage of lamp or lamps; f. Proposed location of exterior light; g. Previous temporary exemptions, if any; and h. Physical size of exterior light and type of shielding provided.

16.506.03 PROHIBITIONS

The following are prohibited:

A. Searchlights. The operation of searchlights for advertising purposes. B. Laser Source Light. The use of laser source light or any similar high intensity light for outdoor advertising or entertainment, when projected above the horizontal, is prohibited. C. Advertising Sign or Landscape Illumination. The unshielded outdoor illumination of any outdoor advertising sign or landscaping. However, low voltage accent landscape lighting is allowed. D. Mercury Vapor. The installation of new mercury vapor fixtures. Existing mercury vapor fixtures shall be removed and replaced with compliant lighting fixtures wherever substantial alterations and additions are undertaken, exclusive of ordinary maintenance and repair. E. Other Light Types. Blinking, flashing, revolving, flickering, changing intensity of illumination, and changing color lights. This prohibition does not apply to holiday lights or digital displays that are regulated by Chapter 16.509, Signs.

16.506.04 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

A. All outdoor lighting on private property includes light fixtures attached to buildings, structures, poles, or self-supporting structures. Exterior lighting may be found on parking lots, walkways, building entrances, outdoor sales areas, landscaping, recreational fields, and building faces. B. Lighting shall be designed, located, and installed to be directed downward or toward structures, be shielded or fully shielded, and shall be well-maintained in order to prevent glare, light trespass (unwanted light on adjacent lots and public rights-of-way), and light pollution to the maximum extent feasible. No permanently installed lighting shall blink, flash, or be of unusually high intensity or brightness, as determined by the Director. C. Maximum Height. Outdoor light standards shall not exceed the following maximum heights:

1. Residential Zoning Districts: 17 feet 2. Non-Residential Zoning Districts (excluding Industrial Zoning Districts: 20 feet 3. Industrial Zoning Districts: 25 feet 4. Non-Residential within 20 feet of a residential zoning district or use: 17 feet.

D. Timing. All outdoor lighting in Non-residential Zoning Districts shall be turned off during daylight hours and during any hours when the building is not in use and the lighting is not required for security. Time clocks or photo-sensor systems may be required as a condition of approval of a discretionary permit. E. Energy Efficiency. Outdoor lighting shall use energy-efficient fixtures/lamps. Examples of energy efficient fixtures/lamps include high pressure sodium, hard-wired compact florescent, or other lighting technology that is of equal or greater energy efficiency. F. For safety and security, during business hours, all areas having frequent vehicular and pedestrian traffic shall be equipped with a lighting device providing a minimum one-foot candle of light at ground level during the hours of darkness. G. Design of Fixtures. Fixtures shall be appropriate to the style and scale of the architecture and be shielded as required by Paragraph (I) below. The top of the fixture shall not exceed the height of the parapet or roof or eave of roof. H. Entrances in Multiple-Unit Residential Development. All entrances to multiple-unit residential buildings containing more than 4 units shall be lighted with low intensity fixtures to ensure the safety of persons and the security of the building.

I. Shielding. Lighting fixtures shall be shielded or recessed to reduce light bleed to adjoining properties, by:

1. Ensuring that the light source (e.g., bulb, etc.) is not visible from off the site; and 2. Confining glare and reflections within the boundaries of the site to the maximum extent feasible. 3. Each light fixture shall be directed downward and away from adjoining properties and public rights-of-way, so that no on-site light fixture directly illuminates an area off the site. 4. Lighting on private property shall not produce an illumination level greater than one foot-candle on any property within a Residential Zoning

District except on the site of the light source. 5. All nonexempt outdoor lighting fixtures shall be shielded to meet standards in Table 16.50-A. J. Total Outdoor Light Output Standards. Total nonexempt outdoor light output shall not exceed the limits in Table 16.506-B. Lighting used for external illumination of signs is counted, while lighting used for internal illumination of signs is not counted.

TABLE 16.506-A: LAMP TYPE AND SHIELDING STANDARDS Use Codes:

a = all types of fixtures allowed; shielding not required but highly recommended, except that any spot or floodlight shall be aimed no higher than 45 degrees above straight down f = only fully shielded fixtures allowed X = not allowed

USE CLASS AND LAMP TYPE DMX, WMX, CC, RC, IL, IG, LZ3 RMD, RHD, NMX, NC, WC, WMX, O, M, PS, LZ2 RR, RLD, PROS, AND RCN, LZ3

Class 1 Lighting (Color Rendition)

Initial output greater than or equal to 2,000 lumens f f f

Initial output below 2,000 lumens a a

Class 2 Lighting (General Illumination)

Initial output greater than or equal to 2,000 lumens Initial output below 2,000 lumens f

a f

a

Class 3 Lighting (Decorative)

Initial output greater than or equal to 2,000 lumens Initial output below 2,000 lumens residential Lighting (all Classes) 1 Initial output greater than or equal to 3,000 lumens f

a

f

f f a 2

f

f

Initial output below 3,000 lumens a a

Notes:

1. residential refers to all rr, rLD and rHD Zoning Districts. multipleunit residential uses shall use standards for Class 1, 2, and 3 lighting. 2. any lamp installed on a residential lot shall be fully shielded such that the lamp itself is not directly visible from any abutting residential lot. a

f

a

X

f

f

f a 2

TABLE 16.506-B: MAXIMUM TOTAL OUTDOOR LIGHT OUTPUT STANDARDS

LUMEN CAPS-INITIAL LANP LUMENS PER NET ACRE LIGHTING ZONE

DMX, WMX, CC, RC, IL, IG, LZ3 RMD, RHD, NMX, NC, WC, WMX, O, M, PS, LZ2 RR, RLD, PROS, AND RCN, LZ3

Commercial and Industrial Zoning1 total (fully shielded and unshielded) 200,000 100,000 50,000

unshielded only Residential and Mixed-Use Zoning 2,3 total (fully shielded and unshielded) 10,000

20,000 10,000

10,000 4,000

10,000

unshielded only 5,000 5,000 1,000

Notes:

1. this refers to all land-use zoning classifications for commercial and industrial uses. 2. this refers to all residential land-use zoning classifications, including all densities and types of housing such as single-unit detached and duplexes, apartments, and mixed-use development. 3. Each single-unit detached home or duplex is allowed up to 5,500 total lumens, or the amount indicated in this table based on the lot's acreage, whichever is larger. all residential spot or flood lamps permitted are to be aimed no higher than 45 degrees above straight down (half-way between straight down and straight to the side).

1. Outdoor light fixtures installed on poles (such as parking lot luminaries) and light fixtures installed on the sides of buildings or other structures, when not shielded from above by the structure itself are to be included in the total outdoor light output by simply adding the initial lumen outputs of the lamps. 2. Outdoor light fixtures installed under canopies, buildings (including parking garage decks), overhangs or roof eaves where all parts of the lamp or luminaire are located at least 5 feet but less than 10 feet from the nearest edge of the canopy or overhang are to be included in the total outdoor light output as though they produced only one-quarter (0.25) of the lamp’s rated initial lumen output. 3. Outdoor light fixtures installed under canopies, buildings (including parking garage decks), overhangs, or roof eaves where all parts of the lamp or luminaire are located at least 10 feet but less than 30 feet from the nearest edge of the canopy or overhang are to be included in the total outdoor light output as though they produced only one-tenth (0.10) of the lamp’s rated initial lumen output. 4. Outdoor light fixtures installed under canopies, buildings (including parking garage decks), overhangs, or roof eaves where all parts of the lamp or luminaire are located 30 or more feet from the nearest edge of the canopy or overhang are not to be included in the total outdoor light output.

K. Maintenance. Fixtures and lighting shall be maintained in good working order and in a manner that serves the original design intent.

1. Burnt out and broken light bulbs shall be replaced. 2. Lighting fixtures shall be periodically cleaned and refinished or repainted so as to be free of graffiti and rust, with surfaces free of chipping and peeling.

16.506.05 SUPPLEMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

A. Outdoor Recreational Facilities. Light fixtures in outdoor recreational facilities such as ball fields, and other outdoor nighttime facilities may exceed the illumination standards and height limits applicable to the zoning district in which the facility is located subject to the following: 1. Zoning Compliance Review Required. All lighting for outdoor recreations facilities shall require a Zoning Compliance Review, subject to Chapter 16.603, Zoning Compliance Review to ensure compliance with the requirements of this Chapter. 2. Exception to Lumen Limits. Lighting for outdoor athletic fields, courts or tracks shall be considered Class 1 (Color Rendition) and shall be exempt from the lumens per acre limits of Section 16.506.04, General Requirements. 3. Shielding. Fully shielded lighting is required for all fields, unless another type of luminaire will not cause light trespass in adjacent residential neighborhoods. 4. Illuminance. All lighting installations shall be designed to achieve no greater than the minimal illuminance levels for the activity as recommended by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA), with adjustments allowed, as appropriate, for the level of play, the most light-demanding sport in a multi-sport venue, and the maximum number of attendees. 5. Off-Site Spill. The installation shall also limit off-site spill (off the site containing the sports facility) to the maximum extent possible consistent with the illumination constraints of the design. 6. Certification. Every such lighting system design and installation shall be certified by a registered engineer as conforming to all applicable restrictions of this Chapter.

B. Exterior Display/Sales Areas. Lighting levels on exterior display/sales areas shall be adequate to facilitate the activities taking place in such locations and cannot be used to attract attention to the business.

1. Display Lots. Lighting for display lots shall be considered Class 1 (Color Rendition) and shall be exempt from the lumens per acre limits of

Section 16.506.04, General Requirements. 2. Shielding. All display lot lighting shall utilize fully shielded luminaries that are installed in a fashion that maintains the fully shielded characteristics. 3. Illuminance. The display lot shall be designed to achieve no greater than the minimal illuminance levels for the activity as recommended by the Illuminating Engineering

Society of North America (IESNA). 4. Off-Site Spill. The display lot shall limit off-site spill (off the parcel containing the display lot) to a maximum of 5 lux (0.5 fc) at any location on any non-residential property as measurable from any orientation of the measuring device. No offsite spill is allowed on any residential property. 5. Curfew. Display lot lighting exceeding the lumens per acre cap shall be turned off or within 30 minutes after closing of the business.

Lighting in the display lot after this time shall be considered Class 2 lighting and shall conform to all restrictions of this Chapter applicable for this Class, including the lumens per acre caps.