Council of Infrastructure Financing Authorities
2026 State Revolving Funds Yearbook
A coordinated national campaign to protect and strengthen the Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Funds.
The Save the SRFs campaign works to protect the federal financing that helps communities across the nation provide safe, reliable, and affordable clean water. Proposed cuts to SRF capitalization funding could limit critical investments in drinking water and wastewater infrastructure in communities of every size.
-83% Decrease in total federal resources reaching state SRF capitalization grants, FY2026 to the FY2027 House proposal, once the expiration of IIJA supplemental funding is factored in.
The Ask
Increase CWSRF and DWSRF authorization to $6.5 billion annually for each program — $13 billion combined — to better reflect documented national need and support critical clean water and drinking water infrastructure investments across the nation.
Get Involved
Ensure congressionally directed spending is additive, not a reduction to base SRF capitalization grants — Congressionally directed spending and community project funding should add to SRF capacity — not reduce the base capitalization grants states rely on.
Submit a Project Story | Sign the Pledge | Choose Your Participation Tier cifanet.org/save-the-srfs
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Letter from the Executive Director
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How to use the 2026 CIFA SRF Yearbook
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Meet the Team
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2026 Board of Directors
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Project Profiles Organized by EPA Region and Alphabetically by State
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Directory of CIFA State Members
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Directory of Affiliate Members
The Council of Infrastructure Financing Authorities (CIFA) is a national not-for-profit organization for Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Funds (SRFs). SRFs are state-federal partnerships that provide communities with subsidized loans for water infrastructure that protects public health and the environment. CIFA advocates for laws, policy and funding to increase investment in water infrastructure that protects public health and the environment. CIFA’s professional development program offers online, onsite and peer-to-peer learning opportunities for SRF managers and staff. CIFA is the go-to organization for information about the Clean Water and Drinking Water SRFs.
Welcome to the 2026 CIFA SRF Yearbook On behalf of the Council of Infrastructure Financing Authorities (CIFA), it is my pleasure to welcome you to the 2026 CIFA State Revolving Fund Yearbook. Across the country, State Revolving Funds are quietly transforming communities. They finance drinking water, wastewater and clean water infrastructure that protects public health, strengthens local economies, safeguards our environment and improves quality of life for millions of Americans. While these programs often operate behind the scenes, their impact is both profound and enduring. This Yearbook was developed to celebrate that work and to serve as a resource for SRF professionals, federal and state partners, policymakers and industry stakeholders. Within these pages, you will find profiles of each state's SRF programs, leadership contacts, financing statistics, program highlights and other information that illustrates the remarkable diversity and success of the nation's revolving funds. The Yearbook represents a collaborative effort between CIFA and our members across the country. State SRF programs generously contributed information, photos and project data to ensure that this publication showcases the amazing work being done in all fifty states and the territories. Their willingness to share their expertise and accomplishments is what makes this resource valuable. We hope you will use this Yearbook not only as a reference, but also as a reminder of the collective impact of the SRF community. Every loan made, every project financed and every partnership forged contributes to stronger infrastructure and healthier communities nationwide. Thank you to all of the state programs, federal partners, sponsors, CIFA members and the CIFA team whose dedication and collaboration made this publication possible. We are proud to share the 2026 CIFA SRF Yearbook with you and look forward to continuing our work together to advance the nation's water infrastructure. Sincerely,
Barb Dimauro, CAE Executive Director Council of Infrastructure Financing Authorities
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How to use the 2026 CIFA SRF Yearbook The 2026 CIFA SRF Yearbook was designed to be both a reference guide and a resource for the entire State Revolving Fund community. Whether you are looking for program contacts, statespecific information, financing data or simply want to learn more about SRF programs across the country, this publication provides a convenient, centralized source of information.
How the Yearbook Is Organized
Accessing the Yearbook
Page 10: Project Profiles Organized by EPA Region and Alphabetically by State
View Online The digital edition of the 2026 CIFA SRF Yearbook is available on the CIFA website, where you can access the latest version from your computer, tablet or mobile device.
Page 120: Directory of CIFA State Members Page 126: Directory of Affiliate Members Because each state administers its SRF programs differently, the information included in each profile may vary.
Ways to Use This Resource We encourage you to keep the Yearbook nearby throughout the year as a trusted reference. The Yearbook is intended to support a variety of audiences, including:
Request a Printed Copy Two copies are being sent to each of the fifty states and the territories. To request additional printed copies of the Yearbook for your office or organization, please contact CIFA at cifa@cifanet.org. Visit www.cifanet.org for more information.
• State SRF staff seeking contacts, peer information and program comparisons. • Federal agencies and partners looking for current program information. • Engineering firms, financial institutions and consultants working with SRF programs nationwide. • Policy makers, researchers and stakeholders interested in understanding the impact and structure of SRF programs across the United States. • New professionals who want to become familiar with the national SRF community.
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Meet The Team
CIFANET.ORG | 202-800-0688
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2026 Board of Directors
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Region 10
The CIFA SRF Yearbook is divided up along the same lines as the Environmental Protection Agency regions, which are detailed in the map below:
Region 8
Region 9 Region 7
Region 6
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Regional Offices Region 1 CT, ME, MA, NH, RI, and VT Region 2 NJ, NY, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands and 8 federally recognized Indian Nations Region 3 Region 1
Region 5
DE, DC, MD, PA, VA, WV and 7 federally recognized tribes Region 4 AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, and TN
Region 2
Region 5 IL, IN, MI, MN, OH, and WI Region 6 AR, LA, NM, OK, and TX Region 7 IA, KS, MO, and NE Region 8 Region 3
CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, and WY Region 9 AZ, CA, HI, NV, American Samoa, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, Marshall Islands, and Republic of Palau Region 10
Region 4
AK, ID, OR, WA and 271 native tribes
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Region 1 | CT, ME, MA, NH, RI, and VT
CONNECTICUT PROJECT 1 Ridgefield South Street Water Pollution Control Facilities Upgrade and Route 7 WPCF Demolition/Pump Station & Force Main Construction
Aerial winter view of the Ridgefield South Street Water Pollution Control Facility following exterior construction completion.
Ridgefield, CT Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
The Town of Ridgefield operates two Water Pollution Control Facilities (WPCF) — the South Street WPCF and the Route 7 WPCF. The South Street facility required upgrades to meet phosphorus removal limits prescribed in its National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit. Separately, the aging Route 7 plant was identified for decommissioning and consolidation into the upgraded South Street facility to improve operational efficiency.
The upgraded South Street WPCF will bring Ridgefield into compliance with NPDES phosphorus limits, reducing nutrient loading to receiving waterways. Consolidating the two plants eliminates a redundant facility and concentrates treatment at a modernized, higher-capacity facility — improving long-term operational reliability and environmental performance.
The Project The project involved two coordinated efforts: upgrading the South Street WPCF to enhance phosphorus removal and enable interconnection with the Route 7 plant, and demolishing the Route 7 WPCF and replacing it with a pump station and force main to convey flows to the South Street WPCF.
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Financial Impact Both projects combined are receiving $13,800,000 in State Clean Water Fund grants and $35,200,000 in loans at a 2% interest rate for 20 years. This combination of grant and low-interest loan financing significantly reduces the cost of capital for the Town of Ridgefield compared to market-rate borrowing.
PROJECT 2 North Hartford Pilot Projects — Sewer Separation and Rehabilitation Hartford, CT Background The Metropolitan District in Hartford operates under existing enforcement actions with CT Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to reduce combined and sanitary sewer overflows (CSOs/SSOs). North Hartford communities have historically experienced chronic sewer flooding and backups due to aging combined sewer infrastructure. In January 2025, CT DEEP approved a revised project schedule for Phase I Integrated Plan Implementation through 2029, prioritizing work in North Hartford where the need is most acute. The Project The North Hartford Pilot Project involves sewer separation and rehabilitation in the public right-of-way, along with installation of backflow preventers and stormwater separation on private properties. Construction began in June 2023 with an estimated total cost of approximately $170,000,000. In Fiscal Year (FY) 2025, work was completed on Tower Avenue, Durham Street, Woodstock Street, and Branford Street. The public work included rehabilitation of 12,185 linear New sewer lateral piping installed feet of mainline sewer pipe at a private residence to disconnect with 37 point repairs. Private roof leaders and sump pumps from the combined sewer system. work included lining of 357 private laterals totaling 22,118 linear feet, assessment of 73+ basements, and separation of over 50 private properties from the combined sewer system. Work continues on Westland Street, Garden Street, Risley Street, and the North Branch Park River, North Meadows, and Gully Brook areas, with additional construction expected on Windsor Street in FY2026.
L to R: Excavation and curb work in progress on a North Hartford street as part of the sewer separation and rehabilitation pilot projects. A new precast manhole set into a shored excavation during pipe and manhole installation work on the North Hartford sewer separation project.
Environmental And Public Health Impact The project is designed to reduce sewage overflows into the Park River and protect North Hartford homes from sewer backups. By separating combined sewers and rehabilitating aging infrastructure in both public and private portions of the system, the project addresses a longstanding public health and environmental challenge in one of Hartford’s most vulnerable communities. The work will reduce CSO and SSO events that contribute to water quality degradation in the Park River. Financial Impact The public property work is eligible for the State Clean Water Fund (CWF) and is expected to receive approximately $48,000,000 in CWF State grants and $48,000,000 in 2% interest loans repaid over 20 years. The private property work is subsidized through a combination of state loan forgiveness and EPA Sewer Overflow and Stormwater Reuse Municipal Grants (OSG) covering 50% of private costs. In FY2025, $923,544.21 in federal FY2022 OSG funding was applied to private property sewer separation work. For the three FY2025 contracts, total investment reached $11,745,111, with $4,331,606 in public funding and $7,413,776 in private-side investment supported by $3,706,753 in subsidy.
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Region 1 | CT, ME, MA, NH, RI, and VT
MAINE PROJECT 1 Madawaska Water District Route 1 Water Main Replacement
Concrete form work for a new pump station structure takes shape alongside the Madawaska water system during Route 1 water main replacement construction.
Madawaska, ME
Environmental And Public Health Impact
Background
Eliminating hydraulic restrictions in the distribution system improves pressure and flow reliability for customers served by this section of the network. Adequate water pressure is essential not only for reliable service at the tap but also for fire protection — hydraulic restrictions can compromise fire flow capacity in affected areas. The Phase 1 replacement addresses the most critical bottleneck while setting the stage for broader system improvements through the multi-phase program.
The Madawaska Water District identified a section of water main along US Route 1 that was creating hydraulic restrictions within the distribution system, limiting the system’s ability to maintain adequate pressure and flow. This section represented a bottleneck that constrained the overall performance of the system and was identified as the first priority in a multi-phase program to increase the system’s active storage capacity. The Project The project replaced approximately 1,000 linear feet of water main along US Route 1 in Madawaska, eliminating the hydraulic restriction and improving flow characteristics in this section of the distribution system. This Phase 1 replacement lays the groundwork for subsequent phases of the multi-phase program designed to increase the system’s overall active storage capacity and improve long-term water supply reliability for the Madawaska community.
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Financial Impact Drinking Water State Revolving Fund financing enabled Madawaska Water District to undertake the first phase of a planned multi-phase infrastructure improvement program, addressing the highest-priority hydraulic deficiency while establishing a framework for continued investment. The phased approach allows the district to spread capital investment over time while making measurable progress toward the goal of increased active storage capacity.
PROJECT 2 Cornish Water District Route 25 Water Main Replacement
Two excavators work along Route 25 during water main replacement construction in the downtown corridor.
Cornish, ME
Environmental And Public Health Impact
Background
Replacing the leaking, century-old cast iron main eliminates a significant source of water loss from the distribution system — recovering treated water that was previously lost to ground before reaching customers. The 12-inch replacement main improves fire flow capacity along a heavily traveled downtown corridor serving commercial and residential properties. Eliminating the freeze vulnerability removes a recurring service reliability risk that had created operational challenges during Maine winters.
Route 25 is a heavily traveled state road running through downtown Cornish, Maine, serving businesses, restaurants, and residential properties. The existing water main along Route 25 was an original cast iron pipe installed in the 1900s — over a century old — and had developed well-known significant water loss from leaks. The aging main was also vulnerable to freezing in winter due to insufficient cover over the pipe, creating recurring operational challenges for district staff and reliability concerns for the community it serves. The Project The project replaced approximately 3,000 linear feet of existing 6-inch and 8-inch cast iron water main along Route 25 with new 12-inch ductile iron water main, along with new valves, hydrants, and water services. The upsizing from 6- and 8-inch to 12-inch main significantly improves hydraulic capacity along this critical downtown corridor. The ductile iron replacement pipe provides substantially improved durability and freeze resistance compared to the century-old cast iron it replaced.
Financial Impact Drinking Water State Revolving Fund financing enabled the Cornish Water District to replace infrastructure that was over 100 years old and had outlived its useful life by decades. The upsizing to 12-inch main delivers improved hydraulic performance and fire flow capacity beyond simply replacing like-for-like, providing long-term value that extends well beyond basic compliance. Reducing water loss from leaks also has ongoing financial benefits for the district by recovering revenue that had been lost through the aging main.
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Region 1 | CT, ME, MA, NH, RI, and VT
MAINE PROJECT 3 Winterport Sewerage District Wastewater Treatment Plant Upgrade Winterport, ME Background The Winterport Sewerage District’s primary wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) lost its Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 401h Waiver, requiring the facility to upgrade from primary to secondary treatment to meet current regulatory standards. The district also operates a combined sewer overflow (CSO) system, and the WWTP upgrade presented an opportunity to eliminate the final CSO in the system — addressing both the treatment compliance requirement and the longstanding CSO issue in a
single project. With a service population of only approximately 670 residents, assembling the financing for a $24,900,000 project required a multi-agency funding effort. The Project The project upgrades the Winterport WWTP from primary to secondary treatment, bringing the facility into compliance with current EPA standards and eliminating the need for the 401h Waiver. As part of the upgrade, the district’s final CSO is being removed —completing the elimination of all combined sewer overflows in the system. The $24,900,000 total project was funded through a combination of multiple agencies, with $20,800,000 provided as grants or principal forgiveness. Environmental And Public Health Impact Upgrading from primary to secondary treatment significantly improves the quality of effluent discharged to receiving waters, providing biological treatment that removes organic matter, nutrients, and pathogens that primary treatment cannot address. Eliminating the final CSO removes the last pathway for untreated combined sewage and stormwater to bypass the treatment plant during wet weather events — delivering a lasting improvement to water quality for the receiving waterway and downstream ecosystem. Financial Impact Financing a $24,900,000 project for a 670-person community required assembling $20,800,000 in grants and principal forgiveness — 83.5% of the total cost — from multiple funding agencies. Only $4,100,000 remains as debt to be repaid by Winterport ratepayers. This extraordinary level of subsidy reflects both the community’s limited financial capacity and the critical public health and environmental compliance nature of the upgrade. Without multi-agency grant coordination, a project of this scale would be completely unaffordable for a district this size.
Excavators and crew open trenches along a residential street during wastewater treatment plant upgrade construction.
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“Financing a $24,900,000 project for a 670-person community required assembling $20,800,000 in grants and principal forgiveness – 83.5% of the total cost – from multiple funding agencies.”
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Region 1 | CT, ME, MA, NH, RI, and VT
MASSACHUSETTS PROJECT 1 City of New Bedford Lead Service Line Replacement Program
L to R: An excavator exposes existing service line connections at a commercial block during lead service line replacement work. Crew members excavate a residential street trench to access and replace a lead service line connection. New gate valves and pipe fittings staged on wooden blocks prior to installation during lead service line replacement work. A new ductile iron water main lowered into a street trench during lead service line replacement construction.
New Bedford, MA
Environmental And Public Health Impact
Background
Lead exposure causes severe and irreversible health outcomes, particularly for children and pregnant women. Lead pipes corrode over time, leaching metals directly into drinking water. By replacing LSLs system-wide while simultaneously conducting comprehensive inventory work, New Bedford is taking one of the most impactful public health actions available to a water utility — eliminating the lead pipe pathway before it causes harm. The planning grant ensures that private-side LSLs, which are often the most difficult to identify and address, are fully captured in the city’s remediation plan.
The City of New Bedford has been replacing Lead Service Lines (LSLs) since 1999, working steadily toward full removal across its water distribution system serving approximately 102,000 residents. Many remaining LSLs are found on the private side of service connections — pipes connecting homes to the water main — particularly in older homes built before 1940. The average cost of replacing an LSL ranges from $4,700 to over $12,000, creating a significant financial barrier for homeowners. New Bedford is addressing this challenge through a dual-track approach: simultaneous inventory and replacement, working collaboratively with homeowners throughout. The Project Phase II of the LSL Replacement Program aims to replace between 1,000 and 1,500 LSLs throughout the city over a two-year period. The Lead and Copper Rule Revisions (LCRR) require water systems to inventory all service lines — both public and privately owned — and New Bedford complemented its construction loan with a $227,400 LSL Planning Grant to identify unknown materials in approximately 800 privately owned service lines. The City mapped all known LSLs, planned replacement schedules, and replacement dates in a geographic information system (GIS) database, developing work plans aligned with scheduled pavement and utility activities to maximize efficiency.
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Financial Impact The Drinking Water State Revolving Fund provided an $18,412,748 construction loan at 0% interest, with $11,010,823 — nearly 60% of the total — forgiven. Forgiveness came from two sources: $3,645,724 (19.8%) as a Disadvantaged Community subsidy, and $7,365,099 (40%) through American Rescue Plan Act loan forgiveness. The $227,400 LSL Planning Grant funded the privateside inventory work. Together, these financing tools allowed New Bedford to undertake a comprehensive, multi-year LSL replacement program without imposing unaffordable costs on a community already classified as disadvantaged.
An excavator sits ready at a New Bedford residence.
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Region 1 | CT, ME, MA, NH, RI, and VT
MASSACHUSETTS PROJECT 2 Town of Mashpee Water Resource Recovery Facility and Collection System — Phase 1
Mechanical room interior showing insulated piping, circulation pumps, and expansion tanks inside the new Mashpee Water Resource Recovery Facility.
Mashpee, MA
Environmental And Public Health Impact
Background
The WRRF is a transformative step for Mashpee’s water quality and ecosystem health. By removing harmful nutrients from wastewater, the facility will reduce algal blooms, restore aquatic habitats, and protect sensitive environments such as salt marshes and estuaries. These improvements benefit public health by ensuring clean water for drinking — groundwater is the primary drinking water source for residents — and for recreation and tourism. The long-term ecological recovery of Mashpee’s water bodies will support biodiversity and strengthen the community’s environmental resilience.
The Town of Mashpee, on the southern side of Cape Cod, is bordered by bays, estuaries, and the Mashpee River. Since 1980, the town’s residential population has grown from 3,700 to over 15,000, with summer visitors pushing the peak population to an estimated 33,000. Most of Mashpee’s 9,700 homes rely on septic systems or cesspools for wastewater treatment. This combination of rapid population growth and inadequate wastewater infrastructure has caused significant environmental degradation — nitrogen and phosphorus from septic systems, fertilizers, and stormwater runoff flow into the Mashpee River and Waquoit Bay, generating harmful algal blooms, fish kills, and declining aquatic biodiversity. Sensitive ecosystems including salt marshes and estuaries are at risk, and contaminated water has diminished recreational opportunities, discouraged tourism, and negatively impacted property values. The Project Phase 1 of Mashpee’s wastewater management plan involves construction of a water resource recovery facility (WRRF) employing advanced treatment technologies to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus loads before discharge. The WRRF will connect over 400 residences in Phase 1 and has been designed with capacity for future expansion to accommodate additional connections in subsequent phases. By providing centralized wastewater treatment where none previously existed, the project fundamentally transforms the town’s environmental footprint.
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Financial Impact The Clean Water State Revolving Fund provided a $53,750,000 loan at 0% interest, with $9,874,314 in loan forgiveness. Forgiveness was funded through a combination of State Revolving Fund loan forgiveness, American Rescue Plan Act funds provided by the state, and a subsidy from the Cape Cod and Islands Water Protection Fund — a fund that raises revenue through a tax on short-term rentals on Cape Cod. This innovative multi-source forgiveness structure allowed Mashpee to advance a critical and expensive infrastructure project while minimizing the financial burden on a seasonal community whose ratepayer base expands dramatically during summer months.
L to R: Ultraviolet disinfection channel with submerged lamp arrays operating inside the Mashpee Water Resource Recovery Facility. Workers install a membrane filtration module into the treatment building at the Mashpee Water Resource Recovery Facility.
Aerial view of the Mashpee Water Resource Recovery Facility construction site showing the treatment building, four drainfield cells, and surrounding wooded landscape.
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Region 1 | CT, ME, MA, NH, RI, and VT
NEW HAMPSHIRE PROJECT 1 Laconia Elm Street and Northern Lakeport Sewer Replacement Laconia, NH Background Lakeport is a historic neighborhood in the center of Laconia, located in the heart of New Hampshire’s Lakes Region. The neighborhood’s sewer collection system dates to the early 1900s and consists of smalldiameter clay pipes. After more than 100 years of service, the system exhibited significant infiltration, collapsed pipes, and reduced capacity. The aging infrastructure was unable to support current and future use reliably and posed risks to the water quality of the surrounding lakes — resources central to the region’s identity and economy. The Project Based on findings from the city’s annual cleaning and inspection program and its asset management program, the City of Laconia determined that full replacement was the most effective solution. The project replaced the aging clay pipe sewer mains with 8-inch polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sewer mains and installed new service laterals throughout the Elm Street and Northern Lakeport areas. The total project cost was $4,934,472, with $4,059,527 financed through the Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF). Construction was completed on October 1, 2024. Environmental And Public Health Impact Replacing the century-old clay pipe collection system eliminates significant infiltration and inflow, reducing the volume of extraneous water entering the system and lowering the risk of sewer overflows that could threaten the water quality of Laconia’s lakes. The new PVC mains and service laterals restore the system to full capacity and reliability, protecting both public health and the environmental integrity of the Lakes Region waterways that define the community. Financial Impact The CWSRF provided $4,059,527 of the $4,934,472 total project cost — financing over 82% of the project. State Revolving Fund financing at below-market interest rates enabled the City of Laconia to undertake a full sewer replacement in a historic neighborhood where the infrastructure had exceeded its useful life by decades, without imposing the full financial burden on ratepayers. Top: An excavator opens a trench for sewer main replacement as a survey crew monitors grade, Elm Street and Lakeport area. Middle: A crew operates a horizontal directional drilling machine during trenchless sewer main installation. Bottom: A wheel loader and flatbed truck transport directional drilling equipment through a residential street during sewer replacement construction.
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PROJECT 2 South Main Street Water District System Improvements
L to R: Project signage at the South Main Street Water District pump station upgrade site, identifying Drinking Water State Revolving Fund, American Rescue Plan Act, and Drinking Water and Groundwater Trust Fund financing. Pressure filtration tanks, booster pumps, and distribution piping inside the upgraded pump station at the South Main Street Water District.
Warren, NH Background The South Main Street Water District in Warren, New Hampshire serves approximately 200 residents through 50 service connections in the village center, including primarily low-income households, the local school, Town Offices, and several small businesses. Prior to 2020, the District relied on two dug wells that historically struggled to meet demand during drought conditions. A third emergency well was installed to supplement supply, but it contains elevated levels of iron and manganese requiring treatment. Compounding the supply challenges, aging and deteriorating infrastructure caused significant water loss from leaks — at times increasing water demand by a factor of ten and putting severe stress on the already-vulnerable wells.
its efforts, the District received New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services’ 2025 Source Sustainability Award for its leak detection measures and water system investments. Environmental And Public Health Impact Reducing system leakage — which had at times increased demand tenfold — dramatically improves the reliability and efficiency of the District’s water supply. Treatment of the emergency well addresses elevated iron and manganese, ensuring that backup supply meets water quality standards. Together, the improvements give Warren’s residents, students, and businesses access to a resilient, safe water system capable of sustaining service through drought conditions and emergencies.
The Project
Financial Impact
The project installed new water meters, distribution valves, and flushing hydrants, and replaced water mains and service lines to significantly reduce water loss. Treatment was installed for the emergency well, and the pump station, booster pumps, and electrical and control systems were upgraded. The total project investment was $1,315,000, combining $579,000 in Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) loan funds with $736,000 in grants from American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) and the New Hampshire Drinking Water and Groundwater Trust Fund (DWGTF). Construction was completed in August 2025. In recognition of
The project demonstrates how a small community with limited debt capacity can leverage layered state and federal funding to achieve comprehensive infrastructure improvements. The $579,000 DWSRF loan was combined with $536,000 in ARPA grants and $200,000 from the NH DWGTF, covering the full $1,315,000 project cost with a modest loan obligation. This financing structure kept debt service manageable for a small district serving primarily low-income households while delivering system-wide improvements that will benefit the community for decades.
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Region 1 | CT, ME, MA, NH, RI, and VT
RHODE ISLAND PROJECT 1 Providence Water Accelerated Lead Service Line Replacement Program Providence, North Providence, Cranston, Johnston, and Smithfield, RI Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
Providence Water is Rhode Island’s largest water utility, providing drinking water to approximately 600,000 Rhode Islanders across more than a dozen communities through wholesale distribution, with over 75,000 direct retail customers. Since 2021, Providence Water has operated its Accelerated Lead Service Line Replacement Program, using a combination of federal grants, loans, and state funding to replace private side lead service lines at no cost to property owners. By the time of this loan closing, approximately 3,000 lead service lines had already been replaced through the program.
There is no safe level of lead exposure. Lead from aging service lines leaches into drinking water and poses serious health risks — particularly for children and pregnant women — including irreversible neurological damage, cardiovascular disease, and developmental impairment. By replacing private side lead service lines at no cost to homeowners, Providence Water’s program eliminates lead exposure risk for residents who would otherwise be unable to afford replacement. Rhode Island Department of Health Director Jerry Larkin, MD stated: “Removing a potential source of lead, at no cost to eligible property owners, is a major public health win.”
The Project On April 29, 2025, the Rhode Island Infrastructure Bank, in partnership with the Rhode Island Department of Health, closed on a $26,300,000 Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) loan with $12,800,000 in principal forgiveness for Providence Water to continue the Accelerated Lead Service Line Replacement Program. This is the second consecutive year the Infrastructure Bank has provided $26,300,000 in Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) funding for the program. The funding will allow Providence Water to replace hundreds more private side lead service lines at no cost to eligible property owners, continuing the systematic elimination of lead pipes from homes across the service area.
Financial Impact The $26,300,000 DWSRF loan includes $12,800,000 in principal forgiveness — nearly 49% of the total — drawn from IIJA funding. The no-cost-to-homeowner model is made possible by this combination of State Revolving Fund loan and forgiveness. As Providence Water Chairman Ateesh Chanda noted, the program has “replaced approximately 3,000 private side lead service lines at no cost to property owners.” The sustained annual funding commitment — $26,300,000 for two consecutive years — demonstrates the Rhode Island Infrastructure Bank’s ability to efficiently deploy IIJA funds at scale for a high-impact public health program.
“The no-cost-to-homeowner model is made possible by this combination of State Revolving Fund loan and forgiveness.”
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PROJECT 2 Narragansett Bay Commission Combined Sewer Overflow Phase III Project
L to R: Active tunnel excavation inside the Narragansett Bay Commission’s 30-foot diameter combined sewer overflow Phase III tunnel beneath Pawtucket and Central Falls. Aerial view of combined sewer overflow Phase III construction site along the Seekonk River, showing foundation work for major tunnel structures and multiple active cranes.
Pawtucket and Central Falls, RI Background The Narragansett Bay Commission (NBC) has been working to eliminate combined sewer overflows (CSOs) into Narragansett Bay since 2003. Phases I and II of the CSO project diverted more than 1 billion gallons of combined sewage and stormwater annually that would otherwise have been discharged untreated into the Bay, dramatically improving its ecological health. Phase III — the final phase — is a 2.2-mile long, 30-foot diameter tunnel running underneath Pawtucket and Central Falls, expected to reduce overflow volumes by 98% and treat stormwater before it reaches Narragansett Bay. The Rhode Island Infrastructure Bank has provided Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) financing for every phase of this generational project, with total financing approaching $1 billion. The Project On June 25, 2025, the Rhode Island Infrastructure Bank closed on $100,000,000 in CWSRF bond financing for the NBC CSO Phase III project and other system infrastructure upgrades. The financing is structured as a Series A $75,000,000 open market bond — rated AAA by S&P and Fitch — and a Series B $25,000,000 direct loan, both at 3.14% for 30 years. The deal also includes $7,069,000 in Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act principal forgiveness. The NBC’s own market rate for comparable financing was estimated at approximately 4.5%, making the State Revolving Fund rate a significant savings compared to traditional options.
Environmental And Public Health Impact Phase III’s 30-foot tunnel is designed to capture and treat combined sewer overflows that would otherwise discharge raw sewage and stormwater into Narragansett Bay during wet weather events. The project is expected to reduce overflow volumes by 98% — a transformational improvement for one of New England’s most ecologically and economically significant coastal waterbodies. Combined with Phases I and II, the completed CSO program will have fundamentally restored the health of Narragansett Bay for current and future generations. Financial Impact The $100,000,000 bond — the largest single CWSRF financing in Rhode Island Infrastructure Bank history for this project —brings total Bank financing for the NBC’s CSO program to approximately $1 billion. At 3.14% versus an estimated market rate of 4.5%, the SRF financing generates substantial savings over the 30-year term. As NBC Executive Director Laurie Horridge noted: ’The Rhode Island Infrastructure Bank’s low-cost financing has been crucial for our CSO project. We are grateful for their decades-long partnership.’
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Region 2 | NJ and NY
NEW JERSEY PROJECT 1 Essex Fells Borough Granular Activated Carbon Treatment System — Perand Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Removal Essex Fells Borough, NJ Background Essex Fells Borough detected per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in its drinking water supply, triggering the need for a permanent treatment solution to meet New Jersey’s stringent Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs). PFAS — often called ‘forever chemicals’ — are human-made substances used in industrial applications and consumer products including nonstick cookware, water-resistant clothing, and firefighting foams. They persist in the environment indefinitely and accumulate in groundwater and surface water, posing serious health risks when they enter drinking water systems. The Project The Borough designed and installed a permanent Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) filtration system to remove PFAS from its drinking water supply. The GAC system passes water through tanks filled with activated carbon, which captures and retains PFAS compounds as water flows through — a technology widely recognized for its effectiveness against long-chain PFAS. The system was designed by Suburban Consulting Engineers and Anderson-Denzler Associates and constructed by Coppola Services, with GAC units supplied by Calgon Carbon Corporation. The project was financed with approximately $7,900,000 in NJ Water Bank loans, including $1,000,000 in principal forgiveness for addressing emerging contaminants.
Environmental And Public Health Impact The GAC treatment system enables Essex Fells Borough to meet New Jersey’s PFAS MCL standards, eliminating ongoing exposure risk for Borough residents and neighboring communities supplied by the system. PFAS exposure is associated with serious health outcomes including cancer, immune system disruption, thyroid disease, and developmental effects in children. By acting quickly with State Revolving Fund financing, the Borough was able to deploy proven treatment technology and protect public health without delay. Financial Impact NJ Water Bank financing — combining a low-interest loan with $1,000,000 in principal forgiveness for emerging contaminant treatment — generated estimated total savings of $3,938,151 over the 30-year loan term, representing approximately 50% of total project costs compared to independent financing. The project also created an estimated 95 direct one-year construction jobs. As Mayor Edward A. Davis noted, the partnership with the NJ Water Bank “allowed us to act quickly and responsibly while materially reducing the financial burden on our taxpayers and ratepayers.”
L to R: Construction crew guides a GAC pressure vessel into position as a crane lifts the unit during installation of Essex Fells Borough’s PFAS treatment system. Aerial view of four GAC pressure vessels set inside the completed treatment enclosure, with process piping installation underway, Essex Fells Borough PFAS removal system.
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PROJECT 2 Gloucester County Utilities Authority Combined Heat and Power System
L to R: Gas conditioning system, heat exchangers, and biogas infrastructure at the Gloucester County Utilities Authority combined heat and power facility. Biogas storage sphere and combined heat and power processing equipment at the Gloucester County Utilities Authority wastewater treatment facility.
Gloucester County, NJ Background The wastewater treatment is one of the most energy-intensive municipal operations, making facilities significant contributors to both operating costs and carbon emissions. The Gloucester County Utilities Authority (GCUA) identified an opportunity to capture biogas produced during the wastewater treatment process and convert it into electricity on-site — reducing reliance on the grid, lowering energy costs, and moving toward energy self-sufficiency. The Project The project installed a combined heat and power (CHP) system that captures and refines biogas produced during the digestion process through a gas conditioning system, then uses it to fuel a combustion engine connected to 1,000 kW power-generating units. Unlike conventional power generation, the CHP system captures waste heat and puts it to use for heating buildings, drying biosolids, and powering the treatment process — dramatically improving energy efficiency. The
electricity generated will directly power the wastewater treatment facility, and the GCUA anticipates operating at or near net-zero energy as a result. The project was designed by Remington Vernick Engineers and constructed by Pioneer Pipe Contractors, Scalfo Electric, and Eastern Environmental Contractors. Environmental And Public Health Impact By converting biogas — a byproduct of the treatment process — into usable electricity and heat, the GCUA eliminates a waste stream while significantly reducing the facility’s carbon footprint and dependence on the electrical grid. Operating at or near net-zero energy represents a major sustainability milestone for a public utility. The project demonstrates that wastewater treatment facilities can be net energy contributors rather than consumers, advancing both environmental goals and ratepayer interests simultaneously. Financial Impact
Technician inspects electrical distribution equipment during commissioning of the CHP system at the GCUA facility.
NJ Water Bank financing of $13,827,377 — including $2,000,000 in principal forgiveness — generated estimated total savings of $8,319,897 over the 30-year loan term, representing approximately 60% of total project costs compared to independent financing. The project also created an estimated 166 direct one-year construction jobs. The CHP system’s ongoing energy cost reductions provide additional long-term financial benefits by insulating GCUA from rising electricity prices and reducing operating costs for Gloucester County ratepayers.
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Region 2 | NJ and NY
NEW YORK PROJECT 1 South and Center Chautauqua Lake Sewer District — West Side Sewer Extension North Harmony, NY Background Chautauqua Lake was designated as an impaired waterbody by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation in 2004, and a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for phosphorus was established in 2012. Many properties surrounding the lake rely on individual septic systems that do not meet current standards, contributing significantly to the lake’s phosphorus load and driving harmful algal blooms and ecological degradation. The South and Center Chautauqua Lake Sewer District’s west side sewer extension is part of a nearly $80 million countywide program to restore Chautauqua Lake’s water quality by connecting lakeshore properties to centralized sewer service. The Project Completed in August 2024, the $15,000,000 project extended sewers along the west side of Chautauqua Lake in the Town of North Harmony. The project involved installation of approximately 50,600 linear feet of force main, 229 grinder pumps, three new pump stations, and improvements to the Sunrise Cove and Goose Creek pump stations. Total financing of $14,602,157 was assembled from three sources: $6,630,157 in Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) interest-free financing, a $2,972,000 New York
State Water Infrastructure Improvement Act (WIIA) grant, and a $5,000,000 New York State Water Quality Improvement Project (WQIP) grant. Environmental And Public Health Impact By connecting lakeshore properties to centralized sewer and eliminating non-compliant septic systems, the project directly reduces the phosphorus load entering Chautauqua Lake — addressing the root cause of the TMDL impairment. This project is one component of an $80,000,000 countywide effort to restore the lake’s water quality, protect aquatic ecosystems, and support the tourism and recreational economy that depends on a healthy lake. Financial Impact The total $14,602,157 funding package combined CWSRF interestfree financing with two state grants, leveraging every available state and federal tool to minimize the debt burden on the Sewer District. Interest-free CWSRF financing is among the most valuable tools available to communities undertaking large-scale environmental infrastructure investments, and its combination with WQIP and WIIA grant funding made this phase of the countywide lake restoration program financially achievable.
L to R: Grinder pump vault installed in excavation at a lakeshore property during the Chautauqua Lake west side sewer extension. Excavation underway at a lakeshore property during force main and grinder pump installation for the Chautauqua Lake west side sewer extension. Excavation crews install force main and grinder pump infrastructure along a lakeshore property during the Chautauqua Lake west side sewer extension.
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PROJECT 2 City of Fulton Pathfinder Trail Network Expansion — Green Infrastructure and Stormwater
L to R: Aerial view of the completed Pathfinder Trail trailhead parking lot with porous asphalt, bioretention areas, riparian plantings along the Oswego River, and Americans with Disabilities Act-accessible trail connections. Aerial view of the completed Pathfinder Trail trailhead area along the Oswego River, showing the new waterfront parking lot, and trail access.
Fulton, NY
Environmental And Public Health Impact
Background
The green infrastructure components — porous asphalt, bioretention areas, riparian plantings, and street trees — reduce stormwater runoff and improve water quality in the Oswego River and Erie Canal by treating runoff on-site before it reaches the waterway. Riparian stabilization eliminates a source of bank erosion and sediment loading. The project also creates a new seasonal multi-use public waterfront space in an environmental justice community, expanding access to recreational green space and waterfront resources for residents who historically lacked such amenities.
The City of Fulton, located along the Oswego River and Erie Canal in an environmental justice area, sought to expand its Pathfinder Trail network while simultaneously addressing urban stormwater runoff that was degrading water quality in the Oswego River and the Erie Canal. The project was timed to improve the waterfront in advance of the Erie Canal’s bicentennial celebrations. The Project The $2,000,000 project used a $1,030,000 Green Innovation Grant Program (GIGP) award to construct two new trailhead parking lots connected by a 1,300-foot paved multi-use trail along the waterfront. Riverbanks in the project area were stabilized with rip-rap stone and riparian plantings to mitigate erosion. Green infrastructure improvements included porous asphalt in the parking areas and fishing overlook, bioretention areas, and street trees to treat urban stormwater runoff. The project also improved Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) accessibility throughout the expanded trail network.
Financial Impact The GIGP award of $1,030,000 funded over half of the $2,000,000 project, enabling the City of Fulton to deliver a multi-benefit green infrastructure investment — combining stormwater management, environmental restoration, ADA accessibility, and public recreational amenity — at a cost achievable for a smaller environmental justice community. The project demonstrates the Clean Water State Revolving Fund’s ability to fund green infrastructure solutions that generate multiple public benefits beyond traditional wastewater infrastructure.
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Region 2 | NJ and NY
NEW YORK PROJECT 3 City of Oswego McCaffrey Water Treatment Plant Improvements The Project The project installs backup power supply infrastructure and upgrades motor control systems at the McCaffrey Water Treatment Plant to ensure continued operations during grid outages. The total funding package of $6,835,500 combined $3,835,500 in Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) market-rate financing with a $3,000,000 New York State Water Infrastructure Improvement Act (WIIA) grant. The improvements bring the facility into compliance with environmental and public health laws and regulations related to water quality and address the longstanding backup power deficiency identified by the County Health Department.
Aging blower and mechanical equipment inside the McCaffrey Water Treatment Plant.
Oswego, NY Background The McCaffrey Water Treatment Plant, constructed in the early 1960s, withdraws water from Lake Ontario and treats approximately 12 million gallons per day for the City of Oswego. Most of the facility’s electrical, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, and mechanical equipment is original — at or near the end of its useful design life. A critical vulnerability was identified in 2015 when both power grids serving the plant went down simultaneously, leaving the facility without power for over two hours. The Oswego County Health Department flagged the lack of adequate backup power in its 2017 Sanitary Survey as an unresolved concern. As a pump-to-pressure system, a power failure immediately cuts water service to much of the city, including State University of New York (SUNY) Oswego.
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Environmental And Public Health Impact
Without backup power, a grid failure at the McCaffrey plant immediately cuts water service to much of Oswego, including the SUNY Oswego campus. The 2015 incident demonstrated the real and present risk of an extended outage causing a significant public health emergency. Backup power eliminates this vulnerability, ensuring the plant can maintain operations and continue delivering safe drinking water through grid disruptions — protecting public health for city residents and the university community. Financial Impact The $6,835,500 total project cost was split between $3,835,500 in DWSRF financing and a $3,000,000 WIIA grant — reducing the loan obligation by nearly half. The combination of state grant and State Revolving Fund financing made a critical resilience investment achievable for a mid-sized city operating aging infrastructure on a municipal budget, while ensuring that the most financially impactful component (backup power) could be addressed without delay.
Pump and piping infrastructure inside the McCaffrey Water Treatment Plant prior to motor control upgrades.
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Region 3 | DE, DC, MD, PA, VA, and WV
DELAWARE PROJECT 1 Christina River Force Main Rehabilitation — Segments 3 & 4 New Castle County, DE Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
New Castle County operates the Christina River Force Main Rehabilitation (CRFM), a critical wastewater conveyance system serving the region. The existing CRFM system requires repair, replacement, and redundancy improvements across multiple segments. Segments 3 and 4 address two key vulnerabilities — aging force main infrastructure running beneath the Heald Street Bridge and Market Street Bridge — that pose significant operational risk to the county’s wastewater system.
The CRFM carries wastewater for a large portion of New Castle County. Infrastructure failure in this system would pose significant public health and environmental risks, including potential sewage overflows into the Christina River. The bypass piping provides permanent redundancy, eliminating a single point of failure and ensuring continued reliable wastewater conveyance for county residents.
The Project This project installs permanent bypass piping to provide redundancy and resilience for two critical segments of the Christina River Force Main. Segment 3 involves installation of approximately 2,000 linear feet of new 84-inch force main piping as permanent bypass around the Heald Street Bridge. Segment 4 involves installation of approximately 5,700 linear feet of 84-inch force main piping as a permanent bypass around the Market Street Bridge, plus approximately 2,000 linear feet of new 36-inch force main extending from the Market Street Pump Station. Construction began in July 2023 with completion and initiation of operations expected in March 2027.
Financial Impact The total project cost is $115,210,000, assembled from multiple funding sources: a $33,000,000 Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) loan, a $32,000,000 Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act (WIFIA) loan, $35,210,000 from New Castle County Capital Reserve, and $15,000,000 from DelDOT. The CWSRF loan provides critical low-cost capital as part of a layered financing strategy that leverages state, federal, and local resources to complete a project of significant scale and complexity.
Total Project Cost: $115.2 Million CWSRF Loan: $33 Million WIFIA Loan: $32 Million New Castle County Capital Reserve: $35.2 million DelDOT: $15 Million
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PROJECT 2 Tidewater Utilities Lead and Copper Rule Service Line Field Verifications Dover Air Force Base, DE Background
Financial Impact
Tidewater Utilities operates a public water system with over 54,000 connections across the state. Under the Lead and Copper Rule Revisions (LCRR), all water systems are required to develop complete service line inventories identifying the material composition of each service line. Tidewater identified approximately 1,152 locations where service line materials were unknown and required physical field verification to eliminate uncertainties in their inventory.
The Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) provided $2,246,769 to fund this statewide field verification program. DWSRF financing makes the comprehensive vacuum excavation program financially viable for a private utility serving a large and geographically dispersed customer base, enabling compliance with federal LCRR requirements at a manageable cost.
The Project This project funds the development of Tidewater’s lead service line inventory for its entire water system, including field verifications using vacuum excavation at approximately 1,152 locations throughout the service area. The bulk of current work is being conducted near Dover Air Force Base. By utilizing leadCAST predictive modeling alongside physical verification, the program is designed to eliminate virtually all unknown service line materials in Tidewater’s public water system inventories — a critical step toward full LCRR compliance and lead risk mitigation. Environmental And Public Health Impact Identifying lead service lines is the essential first step toward their removal. Without a complete inventory, utilities cannot target replacement resources effectively or communicate lead risk accurately to customers. Tidewater’s verification program protects public health across its 54,000-connection service area by ensuring that lead-containing service lines are identified, documented, and prioritized for replacement.
A worker uses a hand tool to excavate around a service line connection at a residential property during vacuum excavation field verification work.
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Region 3 | DE, DC, MD, PA, VA, and WV
DELAWARE
PROJECT 3 Wilmington Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Removal — Brandywine Membrane Plant and Porter Filter Plant Tidewater Utilities Lead and Copper Rule Service Line Field Verifications Wilmington, DE Background The City of Wilmington operates two drinking water treatment facilities — the Brandywine Membrane Plant and the Porter Filter Plant — both of which face compliance challenges related to PFAS in source water. With Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) establishing maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) at 4.0 ppt, Wilmington needed to enhance PFAS treatment capacity at both facilities to maintain regulatory compliance and protect public health. The Project This project adds granular activated carbon (GAC) contact vessels to the treatment process at the Porter Filter Plant, installed postfiltration and before the Clearwell, as the most cost-efficient means of achieving PFAS removal at that facility. At the Brandywine Membrane Plant, the project incorporates all PFAS-related treatment modifications necessary for compliance with upcoming Safe Drinking Water Act water quality regulations. Membrane filtration and ultraviolet treatment are also being evaluated to elevate log removal capabilities at Porter to match those at Brandywine.
Aerial view of treatment basins at the Porter Filter Plant.
Environmental And Public Health Impact PFAS compounds are associated with serious health effects including cancer, immune system disruption, and developmental impacts. By achieving compliance with new EPA MCLs for PFOA and PFOS, Wilmington’s treatment upgrades protect the city’s drinking water consumers from ongoing PFAS exposure. The project addresses both facilities, ensuring consistent water quality protection across the city’s entire treatment and distribution system. Financial Impact The DWSRF provided $4,787,405 to finance the PFAS treatment upgrades at both Wilmington facilities. DWSRF financing enables the City to proactively address emerging contaminant compliance obligations ahead of regulatory deadlines, avoiding the higher costs and potential enforcement consequences associated with delayed compliance.
Aerial view of the Brandywine Membrane Plant’s reservoir and solar array.
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Region 3 | DE, DC, MD, PA, VA, and WV
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
PROJECT 1 Linnean Outfall and Gully Restoration Forest Hills, Washington, DC Background Stormwater runoff from the Forest Hills neighborhood was causing severe erosion within a 200-foot gully running downslope from a stormwater outfall near the end of Linnean Avenue NorthWest to Soapstone Creek, a tributary of Rock Creek Park. The uncontrolled stormflow destabilized streambanks, degraded water quality, and undermined nearby trees, while invasive plant species in the area crowded out the native vegetation needed for a healthy ecosystem. The Project The District Department of Energy and Environment (DOEE) awarded a design-build contract to Biohabitats, Inc. in February 2024 following a 2023 Request for Proposals. Throughout 2024, DOEE coordinated with the District Department of Transportation, which owns the right-of-way, and the National Park Service, which operates the surrounding Soapstone Valley Park, to design a restoration that would blend into the natural landscape. The project was also aligned with DC Water's concurrent Soapstone Valley Park Sewer Rehabilitation Project. Construction began in March 2025 and concluded in June 2025, with initial plantings installed in May 2025. The rehabilitation stabilized the gully and outfall using green infrastructure best management practices, including a series
Aerial view of the restored gully corridor.
of cascades and settling pools that promote infiltration and slow stormflows before they reach Soapstone Creek. The project also included removal of invasive species and the installation of 168 shrubs and at least 60 new native trees. Maintenance and continued invasive species removal are expected to continue through February 2027. Environmental And Public Health Impact Using Chesapeake Bay Program protocols, the restoration is expected to prevent 172 pounds of Total Nitrogen, 28 pounds of Total Phosphorus, and over 85 tons of suspended sediment from entering the watershed annually. By stabilizing the gully and restoring riparian forest, the project reduces erosion and protects downstream water quality in Soapstone Creek, Rock Creek, the Potomac River, and ultimately the Chesapeake Bay. Financial Impact The project was funded with $803,981 in Clean Water Construction/State Revolving Fund financing, provided through the Environmental Protection Agency via the District of Columbia's Clean Water Construction Grant Program.
Newly constructed rock cascade slows stormwater as it moves down the gully.
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Region 3 | DE, DC, MD, PA, VA, and WV
MARYLAND
PROJECT 1 Baltimore City Lead and Copper Rule Revisions Compliance Program Inventory Baltimore, MD Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
The Lead and Copper Rule Revisions (LCRR), issued by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2021, require all water systems to submit an initial lead service line inventory to their states by October 16, 2024. Baltimore City, serving approximately 1.6 million users across the city and surrounding suburbs, met the initial deadline by submitting an interim inventory on that date. However, the composition of many water lines remains unknown, and field investigations, public outreach, and sampling and modeling activities are ongoing to refine the inventory on a continuing basis. Baltimore City is classified as a disadvantaged community in Maryland, with 22.4% of its population under age 18 as of the 2020 census.
As of September 2025, more than 9,600 service lines have been identified as needing replacement, and more than 58,000 remain of unknown material. A 2025 report found that 10% of Baltimore City public schools showed exceedances in lead levels in drinking water. According to EPA’s own estimates, the public health benefits of lead abatement — including reduced premature mortality from cardiovascular disease and reduced incidence of lead-related cognitive impairments — are up to 13 times greater than the costs of implementing the regulations. Completing the inventory is the essential first step before replacement, enabling Baltimore to protect a diverse population that includes hospitals, schools, community centers, and government facilities across a system that disproportionately serves communities facing economic hardship.
The Project This project funds professional services to develop and refine Baltimore City’s Lead Service Line (LSL) inventory under the LCRR. Specific activities include surveys of historical records, point investigations, inventory programming, and predictive modeling of service line materials. The project also incorporates an extensive community engagement component featuring doorto-door canvassing, online guidance for at-home lead testing, in-person support, flyer distribution, public events, and information booths. Baltimore City also employs Swordfish technology, which can read pipe composition without vertical drilling, as a minimally invasive technical complement to community-driven outreach. Initial outreach campaigns in some neighborhoods produced nearly tenfold increases in response rates following completion, according to Johns Hopkins University.
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Financial Impact The Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) provided $6,947,350 for the inventory program, complemented by $9,591,335 in local contributions from the City. The inventory project is the foundation for more than $35 million in additional DWSRF loans and principal forgiveness already programmed to help Baltimore City refine its inventory and replace the over 9,600 pipes identified as needing replacement. DWSRF funding has been directly credited with driving up response rates to the online inventory portal and helping educate users — demonstrating that State Revolving Fund investment in planning and community engagement produces measurable public health returns before a single pipe is replaced.
A 2025 report found that 10% of Baltimore City public schools showed exceedances in lead levels in drinking water.
Region 3 | DE, DC, MD, PA, VA, and WV
PENNSYLVANIA PROJECT 1 City of Franklin Sewer Separation Project — Phase 1 Franklin, PA Background
The Project
The City of Franklin in Venango County operates a collection system currently permitted as a Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) system. Combined sewers carry both sanitary sewage and stormwater in the same pipe — during wet weather events, the system can overflow, discharging untreated sewage into local waterways. Franklin’s system has been generating unpermitted CSO discharges at Manhole A-108 and contributing excessive wet weather flows to the wastewater treatment plant, threatening water quality in Chub Run and French Creek.
Phase 1 of this three-phase initiative was awarded on July 17, 2024. The project will rehabilitate approximately 65,000 linear feet of the existing collection system using fold-and-form polyvinyl chloride trenchless slip lining technology or open-cut replacement, and construct 4,300 feet of new sewer lines running parallel to the existing system. Once the parallel system is in place, the original combined sewer will be converted into a dedicated stormwater collection system — permanently separating sanitary and stormwater flows. Total project financing of $21,999,500 was assembled from a $5,284,458 low-interest Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) loan, $16,715,542 in principal forgiveness, a $3,182,000 Overflow and Stormwater Grant (2023/2024 allocations), $795,500 from the Pennsylvania Growing Greener Program, and $18,022,500 from the CWSRF Base Fund. Environmental And Public Health Impact The project is designated as a green initiative for its anticipated reductions in wet weather flows, infiltration, and inflow. By eliminating unpermitted CSO discharges at Manhole A-108 and separating the combined system, the project will prevent untreated sewage from reaching Chub Run and French Creek — protecting water quality in two local waterways. Reducing extraneous flows to the treatment plant will also improve energy efficiency and reduce operational costs at the facility. Financial Impact The City of Franklin qualified for hardship consideration, enabling the heavily subsidized financing package. Of the total CWSRF portion, $16,715,542 — over 75% — was provided as principal forgiveness, with the remaining $5,284,458 as a 1% low-interest loan over 30 years. The total funding package layered four sources — CWSRF base funds, principal forgiveness, an Overflow and Stormwater Grant, and the Growing Greener Program — to make a $22,000,000 infrastructure project achievable for a hardship community.
Surcharging manhole A-108 near French Creek showing sewage backup conditions that the Franklin sewer separation project is designed to eliminate.
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PROJECT 2 Borough of Emmaus Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Treatment System Borough of Emmaus, PA Background The Borough of Emmaus in Lehigh County detected per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in its drinking water supply, triggering the need for a permanent treatment solution to protect the 5,094 residents served by the borough’s water system. PFAS are persistent synthetic chemicals linked to serious health outcomes including cancer, immune system disruption, and developmental effects — and Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) establishment of maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for key PFAS compounds created a compliance obligation that Emmaus needed to address. The Project Awarded on January 22, 2025, the project funds construction of a new treatment building and installation of two granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment trains, a below-grade wastewater equalization basin, a sulfuric acid chemical system, and other supporting facilities. GAC treatment is widely recognized as one of the most effective technologies for removing long-chain PFAS compounds from drinking water. The total project cost of $9,396,000 was financed through a $1,633,964 low-interest Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) loan and $7,762,036 in principal forgiveness. Environmental And Public Health Impact The GAC treatment system will eliminate PFAS from the Emmaus water supply, protecting 5,094 residents from ongoing exposure to chemicals associated with cancer and other serious health conditions. PFAS do not break down naturally and accumulate in the body over time, making treatment — rather than source removal — the only reliable near-term path to protecting public health. The new system will bring Emmaus into compliance with EPA’s PFAS MCLs and ensure safe drinking water for all residents served by the borough’s water system. Financial Impact Of the $9,396,000 total project cost, $7,762,036 — over 82% — was provided as DWSRF principal forgiveness, with the remaining $1,633,964 as a low-interest loan at 1% for the first five years and 1.743% for the balance of a 20-year term. The heavily subsidized financing structure reflects the urgency of PFAS compliance and Pennsylvania’s commitment to making treatment affordable for communities that cannot bear the full cost of emerging contaminant remediation.
Existing granular activated carbon treatment tower and pump control building at the Emmaus water treatment facility, prior to construction of the new per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances treatment system.
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Region 3 | DE, DC, MD, PA, VA, and WV
VIRGINIA PROJECT 1 Town of Altavista Sedimentation and Solids Handling Improvements Altavista, VA Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
The Town of Altavista operates a water treatment plant serving 3,850 residents across three systems — the town itself and two consecutive systems, the Town of Hurt and Grit Road in Pittsylvania County. Both consecutive systems had been under consent order with the Virginia Department of Health Office of Drinking Water for Disinfection By-Product (DBP) Maximum Contaminant Level exceedances for Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) and Haloacetic Acids (HAA5). The root cause was identified as sludge solids buildup in Altavista’s five sedimentation basins, which were originally constructed without a sludge removal system. The accumulated solids react with sodium hypochlorite during disinfection, driving elevated DBP formation and triggering regulatory violations across the service area.
DBP exceedances — particularly TTHM and HAA5 —are associated with increased cancer risk and adverse reproductive outcomes with long-term exposure. Eliminating the solids buildup that drives DBP formation will bring both Altavista and its consecutive systems into compliance, ending active consent orders and protecting residents from ongoing exposure. Additional benefits include reduced need for annual basin draining, lower volumes of solids pumped to the wastewater treatment plant, reduced energy consumption, and improved plant operator safety.
The Project The project addresses all five sedimentation basins with a comprehensive scope: concrete repairs, brick baffle wall repair, replacement of slide gates, handrails, and kickplates, and installation of automated sludge removal systems with upgraded solids holding tank controls. The total project cost of $3,898,390 — increased from the original $3,000,000 application due to bid prices — was funded through $3,225,850 in principal forgiveness and a $672,540 loan. The loan closed on December 19, 2024, and the contractor received a Notice to Proceed on March 3, 2025, with completion expected in the second quarter of 2026.
Financial Impact The Bipartisan Infrastructure Law funding package structured 82.7% of the $3,898,390 project cost as principal forgiveness, leaving only $672,540 as a repayable loan over 30 years. This level of subsidy reflects the project’s direct public health compliance purpose and the limited financial capacity of a small utility serving 3,850 customers across three systems. The automated sludge removal systems also reduce long-term operational costs by eliminating the labor-intensive annual basin draining cycle and decreasing energy and chemical consumption.
Completed sedimentation basin with new handrails and automated sludge removal system in place.
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PROJECT 2 City of Norfolk Lead Service Line Inventory and Replacement Program Norfolk, VA Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
The City of Norfolk Department of Utilities serves 233,000 residents through 71,208 service connections. City crews encountered lead service lines (LSLs) during routine water main replacements and maintenance, indicating the likely presence of LSLs throughout the residential distribution system. An LSL Replacement Plan completed in October 2024 identified 590 known LSLs and 290 Galvanized Requiring Replacement (GRR) lines — with the replacement program projected to ultimately address approximately 3,240 homes over five years in phases through 2029.
Lead exposure causes irreversible neurological damage in children and cardiovascular and kidney disease in adults — there is no safe level of exposure. The replacement program prioritizes disadvantaged consumers, sensitive populations, and licensed childcare centers, ensuring that the most vulnerable residents are protected first. Replacing both public and private side lead lines at no cost to customers eliminates financial barriers that often prevent low-income homeowners from participating in LSL replacement programs, ensuring comprehensive system-wide lead elimination rather than a patchwork result.
The Project The City of Norfolk applied for $26,000,000 in Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL) funding in January 2022. The project establishes the LSL Inventory and launches the phased replacement program, prioritizing areas with disadvantaged consumers, known LSLs, sensitive populations, and licensed childcare centers. The city has committed to performing all service line replacements at no cost to customers — on both the public and private sides of the connection. The $26,000,000 funding package was structured as $10,400,000 in principal forgiveness and a $15,600,000 loan. The loan closed on December 17, 2024. The inventory, engineering, and testing phase is currently underway, with full replacement targeted by or before 2029.
Financial Impact The $26,000,000 BIL funding package provides $10,400,000 in principal forgiveness and a $15,600,000 loan, financing a program that will protect 233,000 Norfolk residents from lead exposure at no cost to individual customers. The no-cost-to-customer commitment is made possible by the scale of BIL funding and the program’s structured phased approach. Norfolk’s proactive investment — identifying and replacing LSLs before regulatory deadlines — also reduces the long-term cost and urgency pressure compared to forced compliance replacement programs.
“The replacement program prioritizes disadvantaged consumers, sensitive populations, and licensed childcare centers, ensuring that the most vulnerable residents are protected first.”
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Region 3 | DE, DC, MD, PA, VA, and WV
WEST VIRGINIA PROJECT 1 Coalwood Sewer Project — Phase 1
Active construction along a rural hollow during Phase 1 of the Coalwood Sewer Project, with equipment grading the right-of-way for the new decentralized collection system.
Coalwood, WV Background Coalwood, in McDowell County, West Virginia, is a geographically isolated community facing the intersecting challenges of declining population, low income, and mountainous terrain — conditions that have historically made traditional sewer extensions infeasible and unaffordable. Residential sewage had been treated by individual septic tanks or discharged directly to Clear Fork, a tributary of the Guyandotte River — an impaired waterway suffering from elevated fecal coliform inputs. Previous proposals for a single centralized system were rejected due to the prohibitive operating costs of the multiple pump stations that would be required across the rugged terrain. The Coalwood Sewer Project marks the McDowell County Public Service District’s first foray into becoming a sewer utility. The Project The McDowell County Public Service District developed a creative solution: splitting residents into different collection systems and wastewater treatment plants rather than attempting a single centralized approach. This eliminated the need for multiple lift stations and deep interceptor sewers. Phase 1 installs a decentralized collection system and a 17,500 gallon-per-day moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) wastewater treatment plant to serve 72 residents in the most geographically remote portion of the community. Future phases will extend service to an additional 137 residences, ultimately eliminating all direct sewage discharges and failing septic systems in Coalwood. The Public Service District
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also partnered with the nearby City of Welch to handle sludge processing — eliminating the cost of a standalone sludge facility and significantly reducing future trucking costs for sludge disposal. Environmental And Public Health Impact Phase 1 ends direct sewage discharges to Clear Fork and eliminates failing septic systems for 72 residents, reducing fecal coliform loading to an already-impaired waterway. The MBBR technology provides high-quality treatment in a compact footprint suited to the remote terrain. As future phases are completed, all of Coalwood’s residents will transition from a combination of failing septic systems and raw sewage discharges to properly treated wastewater — a transformational public health improvement for one of West Virginia’s most economically distressed communities. Financial Impact The $1,200,000 Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) loan was provided with 100% principal forgiveness for decentralized systems, combined with a U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Community Development Block Grant and a West Virginia Infrastructure and Jobs Development Council Grant. The fully forgiven CWSRF loan recognized both the community’s severe financial constraints and the creative, cost-effective decentralized approach the Public Service District developed to overcome the infrastructure challenges that had blocked previous proposals. This project received Performance and Innovation in the State Revolving Fund Creating Environmental Success (PISCES) 2022 Environmental & Public Health Protection recognition.
PROJECT 2 City of Ripley Wastewater Treatment Plant Replacement Ripley, WV Background The City of Ripley Sanitary Board had operated under consent orders and administrative orders for years due to regulatory compliance failures and treatment capacity constraints at its wastewater facility. The existing treatment lagoons were hydraulically overloaded and unable to meet current effluent quality standards for Mill Creek, a perennial tributary of the Ohio River. Decades-long failing wastewater lagoons also served two small, rural communities dependent on the system, making the compliance deficit a regional public health and environmental issue extending beyond the city limits. The Project The project replaces the overloaded treatment lagoons with a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) plant, a modern treatment technology that provides high-quality effluent and is designed with additional treatment trains to accommodate future flow increases. Once the lagoons are decommissioned and sludge removed, the area will be graded and re-vegetated for future beneficial use by the city. The project includes flood mitigation measures to protect system components from potential flood damage, as portions of the project are located within the 100-year floodplain. The total project
cost exceeds $31,000,000, assembled from twelve funding sources including a $10,500,000 Clean Water State Revolving Fund loan. Environmental And Public Health Impact The elimination of failing wastewater lagoons will directly benefit Mill Creek and the Ohio River by reducing fecal coliform and iron entering the stream — addressing the pollution source that drove years of regulatory violations. Two small, rural communities will gain access to clean, safe wastewater services for the first time in decades. The SBR plant’s design for future expansion ensures that the facility can serve growth without requiring another major capital investment. Flood mitigation built into the design provides long-term resilience for a facility located in a floodplain. Financial Impact Financing a $31,000,000 project for a utility serving approximately 2,260 customers required assembling twelve separate funding sources — a testament to both the financial constraints facing small West Virginia utilities and the complexity of financing major compliance-driven infrastructure investments. The $10,500,000 CWSRF loan was a cornerstone of that package. This project received PISCES 2023 Environmental & Public Health Protection recognition.
City of Ripley’s new sequencing batch reactor treatment plant under construction.
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Region 4 | AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, and TN
FLORIDA PROJECT 1 American Beach Water and Sewer District Well and Septic Tank Phase Out Project American Beach, Fernandina Beach, FL Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
American Beach is a historically significant African American community on Amelia Island in Nassau County, Florida, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Developed in 1935, the community’s original limited infrastructure had become antiquated or obsolete over the following nine decades. Of approximately 350 parcels, 287 relied on private wells for drinking water — with no fire protection from hydrants — and all properties relied on private septic systems for wastewater disposal, many aged and likely failing with inadequate separation from water wells. Property owners shared drinking water through landscape garden hoses. For over two decades, residents pressed for public water and sewer service, but the cost was beyond what the community could afford. Nassau County has committed to a community revitalization program dependent on a central municipal water system.
The project eliminates the public health risks posed by failing private wells and septic systems in a dense coastal community situated between two estuaries. Residents — including in a historically marginalized disadvantaged community — now have access to safe, reliable public drinking water and fire protection for the first time. Eliminating private wells and septic systems in close proximity reduces contamination risk to both drinking water and the surrounding estuarine environment. The project also lays the foundation for proper community growth and revitalization.
The Project The American Beach Septic Tank and Well Phase Out project has been a community priority for over 20 years. The project installs 2.5 miles of water distribution system along with 15 fire hydrants, 8 auto flushers, over 300 water service lines, and road restoration. A total of 12,320 linear feet of new public potable water main service was constructed to 287 parcels. The wastewater component addresses the failing septic systems. Construction was completed in April 2025. Recognizing American Beach’s unique infrastructure needs and disadvantaged condition, Nassau County established a special water improvement district — allowing the project to meet small community requirements for Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) State Revolving Fund (SRF) loans with principal forgiveness and zero interest. Total co-funding included a $1,677,000 Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act (WIIN) Grant, $992,324 Rural Economic Development Initiative (REDI) Grant, and Legislative Appropriations of $600,000 and $400,000.
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Financial Impact The project’s financing required assembling a unique collaborative mix of federal, state, and local funding sources — FDEP SRF loans with principal forgiveness and zero interest, WIIN design and construction loans, state legislative appropriations, FDEP District REDI construction funding, and local county funds. Nassau County engaged the community proactively over many years — including through the American Beach Property Owners Association and Friends of American Beach — achieving 86% resident support for special assessments in a straw vote. Without this unique combination of collaborative funding and community engagement, the project would not have been possible.
Leonard Street water main installation.
James Street water main installation.
Forcemain construction.
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Region 4 | AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, and TN
GEORGIA PROJECT 1 Thomas Family Preserve – City of Watkinsville Land Conservation Project Watkinsville, GA
A pond at the Thomas Family Preserve reflects the evening sky. Photo by Chris Greer.
Background
The Project
Land conservation can help achieve water quality goals by preserving streamside corridors and wetlands that serve as natural filters for nonpoint source pollution. Seventy percent of the nation’s land is privately owned, and conserving it not only results in healthy soil, water, air, plants, animals, and ecosystems — it also provides space for people to enjoy the outdoors.
To fund the purchase, the city used unspent funds from the federal American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA), secured a 20-year land conservation loan at 1.92% interest from the Georgia Environmental Finance Authority (GEFA), and raised its millage rate for one year. With financing in place, the city secured the land and preserved an exceptional example of the Georgia Piedmont in the heart of its community.
The Thomas Family had owned a prime piece of land in Watkinsville, Georgia since the 1800s. A commercial developer approached the family requesting to purchase the land with the intent to build 256 apartments with room for future expansion. The family declined, and instead sold the land to the city under one condition: it could never be resold.
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The Thomas Family Preserve protects 20 acres of wetlands and two tributaries of Calls Creek, limits residential development on the periphery of Watkinsville and its watersheds, preserves an iconic viewshed along one of the city’s key entry corridors, and creates an important buffer around the historic Watkinsville Cemetery. The preserve features more than two miles of gravel trails for runners,
Sunset aerial view of the Thomas Family Preserve captures the paved accessible paths, ponds, and open green space at the Watkinsville’s conservation project. Photo by Chris Greer.
an additional two miles of dirt paths through woods and along Calls Creek for bikers and hikers, and one mile of paved wheelchairaccessible concrete paths. A large pier is planned for one of the ponds, and a 110-foot covered bridge is in development to connect the property to downtown Watkinsville.
outdoor recreation access for community residents, and the planned covered bridge will physically connect the natural landscape to the downtown core.
Environmental And Public Health Impact
The project demonstrates how federal, state, and local governments can work together to permanently protect land for a community. The financing package combined ARPA funds, a 20-year GEFA conservation loan at 1.92% interest, and a one-year local millage rate increase, assembling the capital needed to close on the property and permanently foreclose its sale to a private developer. The family’s deed restriction ensuring the land can never be resold guarantees that this community investment will endure for generations.
The project preserves 20 acres of wetlands and protects two tributaries of Calls Creek, improving downstream water quality for the creek and limiting further residential development on Watkinsville’s watersheds. By permanently removing the threat of a 256-unit apartment complex from a sensitive landscape, the city has protected an entire watershed’s worth of filtering capacity. The preserve’s trail network and accessible paths create direct
Financial Impact
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Region 4 | AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, and TN
KENTUCKY PROJECT 1 City of Georgetown South Sewer Extension Project Georgetown, KY Background The City of Georgetown identified a need to extend its sanitary sewer collection system south along US-25 to KY-1963, serving approximately 10 properties with over 530 residential and commercial units. The project area’s median household income (MHI) was well below the state MHI, but Georgetown’s overall system MHI was too high to automatically qualify for disadvantaged community financing. After conducting an income survey specifically for project area residents, the results showed that nearly 100% had an MHI below 80% of the state’s MHI, qualifying the city for the 0.50% disadvantaged community interest rate, 30year term, and $1,000,000 in principal forgiveness. The Project The project expanded the sanitary sewer collection system and constructed a new 6.4-million gallons per day submersible, quadplex, divided wet well regional pump station with an aboveground building housing an electrical room, storage room, and 750kW standby generator. The new regional pump station eliminated three existing pump stations that were at capacity and past their useful life, and is designed to eliminate four additional pump stations in a future phase. The original loan of $13,542,784 was increased twice due to supply chain challenges — including polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe shortages tied to power outages at a major Texas manufacturing facility — ultimately reaching $23,540,000.
service to over 530 residential and commercial units eliminates reliance on aging or inadequate onsite systems. The consolidation of pump stations improves operational reliability and reduces the risk of sewer overflows. The project also transformed infrastructure access for a disadvantaged, historically under served community. Financial Impact The Kentucky Infrastructure Authority (KIA) provided $23,540,000 in Clean Water State Revolving Fund financing at 0.50% interest over 30 years, with $1,000,000 in principal forgiveness. An additional $2,000,000 or more in grants was secured through a collaboration among the Commonwealth of Kentucky, Scott County Fiscal Court, the City of Georgetown, and the City of Lexington. The 0.50% disadvantaged rate significantly offset the additional costs driven by inflation and supply chain disruptions. As repayments return to KIA, the funds will revolve to benefit future borrowers.
Environmental And Public Health Impact The project addressed failing wastewater infrastructure that posed risks to a critical drinking water supply in the project area. Extending centralized sewer L to R: A project collage showing polyvinyl chloride pipe staging, trench pipe installation, the completed regional pump station exterior with submersible pump equipment, wet well construction, pump pit interior, and valve piping for the Georgetown South Sewer Extension.
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PROJECT 2 City of Morehead Regional Water Treatment Plant
L to R: Rows of granular activated carbon vessels and blue supply piping inside the new Morehead Regional Water Treatment Plant. Aerial view of the Morehead Regional Water Treatment Plant construction site showing the treatment building, residual lagoons, and support structures under active construction.
Morehead, KY Background The City of Morehead serves as a regional water provider for nearly 40,000 people across three counties, including Morehead State University. The existing 8 million gallons per day (MGD) water treatment plant, last significantly expanded in 2002, had aged beyond its design capacity and incorporated outdated treatment technology. The raw water intake structure, located on the Licking River below Cave Run Lake Dam, produced turbid raw water that challenged treatment operations. Over nine years of planning, design, and construction — complicated by inflation, supply chain delays, and significant bid overruns — the city undertook a comprehensive, four-phase regional water infrastructure replacement. The Project Phase One installed a new raw water intake structure on Cave Run Lake with variable intake depths, a 1,000 kW standby diesel generator, security fencing, and approximately 6,500 linear feet of 24-inch ductile iron pipe connecting the intake to the water treatment plant (WTP). Phase Two constructed a new 12 MGD regional WTP featuring pre-treatment flocculation, membrane pressure filtration, and granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption, along with upgraded supervisory control and data acquisition/ telemetry and 3 million gallons of earthen lagoon capacity for residual sludge management. Phase Three constructed a new 1-million-gallon ground storage tank, approximately 4,500 linear feet of finished waterline, and decommissioned the aging US 60 tank — adding a net 379,000 gallons of storage to the system.
The Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) funding occurred across four phases, with the planning and design loan later converted to long-term construction financing at a lower interest rate. Local and state officials held a ribbon cutting in April 2025 to mark project completion. Environmental And Public Health Impact The new Cave Run Lake intake structure provides significantly improved raw water quality through better turbidity management and variable intake depth selection. The upgraded treatment train — incorporating membrane filtration and GAC adsorption — brings the facility’s technology in line with modern water treatment standards, providing enhanced protection against a broader range of contaminants. The expanded 12 MGD capacity ensures reliable service for a growing three-county regional population for generations to come. Financial Impact Kentucky Infrastructure Authority provided $44,998,000 in DWSRF financing at 0.50% interest over 30 years. An interlocal agreement ensures all wholesale customers contribute to debt service, distributing the financial burden across the regional service area. The city also secured a state legislature line-item grant in 2024 to complete the project, returning a $7,054,602 state loan. The 0.50% State Revolving Fund rate saved the community tens of millions of dollars compared to traditional financing — a critical factor for a regional provider serving a broad, multi-county population through nine years of cost escalation and supply chain challenges.
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Region 4 | AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, and TN
MISSISSIPPI PROJECT 1 Central Yazoo Water Association Well and Water Main Improvements Yazoo County, Mississippi
New well building, pump equipment, and piping at the Central Yazoo well site.
Aerial view of the new 150,000-gallon elevated water tank constructed at the Yazoo County School campus as part of complementary system improvements.
Background
project was completed in 2024.
Central Yazoo Water Association, Inc., a non-profit rural water association established in 1971, serves approximately 2,825 customers, or a population of 9,886, across central Yazoo County. Much of the system’s infrastructure dates back to the original 1970s construction, and as the system has grown, excess supply capacity has diminished while distribution lines in certain areas have become overloaded. One critical area was around the Yazoo County School campus on Highway 49 south of Yazoo City, home to the high school, middle school, and school district office, serving a total population of 725. This campus relied on a single 4-inch water line more than seven miles from the nearest water source. The single feed meant that water main breaks caused outages at the school and for nearby customers, and pressure loss occurred during peak system usage. The existing water mains also provided inadequate fire protection for the school campus.
Environmental And Public Health Impact
The Project To address these vulnerabilities, Central Yazoo secured a Drinking Water State Revolving Fund FY21 loan to construct a 12-inch by 8-inch water supply well (600 GPM) with appurtenant improvements, along with 9,000 linear feet of 8-inch water main. The new well was built adjacent to the school campus, and the water main was designed to interconnect with the existing system and create a loop, providing a redundant feed to eliminate the single-point-of-failure that had caused recurring outages. The
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The looped system eliminates the risk of water outages at the school campus and surrounding customers caused by main breaks on the single supply line, and resolves the pressure loss previously experienced during peak usage. The upgrade also significantly improves fire protection capacity for a campus serving 725 students and staff. Separately, additional State Revolving Funds (SRF) and Rural Water Association Infrastructure Grant (RWAIG) funds were used to construct a 150,000-gallon elevated tank adjacent to the school campus, further strengthening the system’s capacity in this area. Financial Impact Total project costs were $2,506,659, funded through a combination of $1,087,941.20 in DWSRF financing — including SRF Principal Forgiveness — and $1,418,717.80 in RWAIG/American Rescue Plan Act funds. Costs broke down as $1,609,703 for the water well, $490,956 for the 8-inch water main, $253,000 for planning and design, and $153,000 for construction phase services.
Region 4 | AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, and TN
NORTH CAROLINA PROJECT 1 Killian Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant Upgrade Lincolnton, NC Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
The Killian Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant, located in Lincolnton, NC, was originally built in 2010 with a capacity of 1.68 million gallons per day (MGD). A 2016 upgrade increased capacity to 3.35 MGD. To meet growing demand, the plant underwent a third expansion (Phase 3), increasing capacity to 6.6 MGD.
The Phase 3 expansion increased the Killian Creek Waster Water Treatment Plant’s capacity to 6.6 MGD, nearly doubling the plant’s MGD capacity, allowing Lincoln County to keep pace with regional growth while continuing to treat wastewater using its proven, existing SBR treatment process rather than adopting new technology. By executing the expansion in phases, the project minimized operational disruption to ongoing treatment operations and optimized capital investment, allowing the county to expand capacity as demand materialized rather than all at once. Upgrades to the plant’s disinfection and solids handling systems expanded the plant’s ability to treat higher wastewater volumes and manage the resulting biosolids as capacity grew.
The Project Phase 3 included construction of a new headworks facility with mechanical and manual bar screens and a grit removal system; dual sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) with a post-equalization basin; and a new filter building housing two additional disc filters. A dualchannel ultraviolet disinfection system was installed, along with a blower building containing four SBR blowers and four sludge digester blowers. The solids handling system was enhanced with a rotary drum thickener and a new dewatering building featuring two rotary drum filter presses. Additional improvements included dual digesters with a sludge holding basin, influent diffuser piping in the existing SBR system, and upgrades to blower controls. The project maintained consistency with the plant’s existing treatment technologies while significantly increasing capacity, and was executed in phases to minimize operational disruptions and optimize capital investment. The funding application began in spring 2018, and the project reached completion in June 2024.
Financial Impact The total cost of Phase 3 was approximately $26,000,000, with $14,000,000 funded through the Clean Water State Revolving Fund.
Construction of a new treatment basin during the Phase 3 expansion.
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Region 4 | AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, and TN
NORTH CAROLINA PROJECT 2 McAlpine Creek Wastewater Management Facility Reliability and Process Improvements Project Pineville, NC
Aerial view of wastewater clarifiers during construction.
Background Built in the 1960s, the McAlpine Creek Wastewater Management Facility is the largest of five wastewater treatment plants operated by Charlotte Water. It has a rated treatment capacity of 64 million gallons per day (MGD), with an average daily flow of approximately 50 MGD, making it one of the largest treatment plants in the state. As the infrastructure aged and approached the end of its service life, a major rehabilitation project was initiated to ensure continued, reliable wastewater treatment for the surrounding community.
application was submitted during the Fall 2018 cycle and finalized in February 2024. Environmental And Public Health Impact The comprehensive rehabilitation is expected to extend the facility’s operational lifespan by an estimated 30 years. Financial Impact The total project cost was $76,000,000, of which approximately $68,000,000 was financed through a Clean Water State Revolving Fund loan.
The Project The project involved rehabilitation of 28 aeration basins, including reconfiguration, updated instrumentation and panel controls, and replacement of all diffusers, air piping, and aeration blowers with new, highercapacity units. All 16 secondary clarifiers and return activated sludge (RAS) pump stations were refurbished. A RAS fermentation pilot study was conducted, followed by data evaluation and installation of a full-scale RAS fermentation system. The project was delivered through a progressive design-build approach. The State Revolving Fund funding Aerial view of aeration basins.
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PROJECT 3 Southeast Sewer Project Gastonia, NC The Project This multi-phase project included construction of new sewer lines, pump stations, and supporting infrastructure to accommodate future growth and enhance system reliability. A key component is the Armstrong Ford Regional Pump Station and force main extension, which marks the first phase of the City’s long-term plan to provide sewer service to previously unserved areas in southeastern Gaston County. Additional improvements included the Baltimore Sewer Extension and Southeast Regional Sewer Interceptor, which together contributed to the installation of more than 13,000 linear feet of sewer and force main, along with an 18 million gallons per day pump station. Environmental And Public Health Impact Completed Armstrong Ford Regional Pump Station building following construction.
The Armstrong Ford investment is expected to support regional growth, improve environmental outcomes, and strengthen the resilience of the wastewater system. Financial Impact
Background The Southeast Sewer Project is a major infrastructure initiative led by the City of Gastonia to expand wastewater services to the growing southeastern region of Gaston County. It is overseen by the Two Rivers Utilities Wastewater Division, which manages over 20,000 sewer connections and 485 miles of sewer lines. The project improves service delivery across multiple communities, including Gastonia, Cramerton, Bessemer City, High Shoals, Ranlo, Stanley, and Clover, South Carolina, as well as portions of Belmont, Lowell, and Kings Mountain.
Pump station piping and valves installed.
The project totaled over $31,000,000, spanning 2020 to 2024, and was partially funded through a $15,400,000 Clean Water State Revolving Fund loan.
Cleared right-of-way during force main installation for the Southeast Sewer Project.
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Region 4 | AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, and TN
SOUTH CAROLINA PROJECT 1 Town of Greeleyville Main Street Sewer Improvement Project Greeleyville, SC Background The Town of Greeleyville has faced a chronic onsite septic system failure crisis for decades. As far back as April 2008, the state issued a Declaration of Imminent Health Hazard for the town due to ongoing failures. By April 2015, Greeleyville was ranked third in South Carolina on the state’s Priority List of Environmentally Distressed Communities for Sewer Needs. Failing septic systems were contaminating two local watershed sub-basins — both listed on the 2018 SC 303(d) List of Impaired Waters — with runoff threatening downstream residents and natural resources. The Project The Main Street Sewer Improvement Project installed more than 3,000 linear feet of gravity sewer lines to eliminate the need for 21 onsite septic systems in the project area. By connecting these properties to the Greeleyville Wastewater Treatment Facility, the project permanently removes a longstanding source of nonpoint source pollution from the local watershed and provides residents with reliable, centralized sewer service. Environmental And Public Health Impact Following project completion, over 1 million gallons of wastewater annually will be properly treated at the Greeleyville wastewater treatment facility rather than generating runoff that contaminated local watershed sub-basins. The improved water quality benefits all residents and natural resources downstream and adjacent to the project area. Eliminating the 21 failing septic systems also directly resolves the Imminent Health Hazard designation that had persisted in the community for over a decade, protecting residents from the public health risks associated with chronic sewage overflow. Financial Impact State Revolving Fund funding made this project possible for a community that had been designated an Environmentally Distressed Community and faced an Imminent Health Hazard for years — conditions that signal a community with limited financial capacity to address infrastructure needs independently. The improved water quality is also expected to generate positive economic impacts for the Town of Greeleyville and downstream communities as a result of reduced contamination in local waterways.
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Excavation crew installs gravity sewer line along Main Street during the Greeleyville sewer improvement project.
PROJECT 2 Darlington County Water & Sewer Authority Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Response — Water Main Extension
L to R: Crew installs new water main, service connections, and valve assembly during the Darlington County water main extension to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances-affected rural residences. Aging masonry well and agricultural outbuildings at a rural Darlington County property where private drinking water wells were contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from land-applied industrial sludge.
Darlington County, SC Background Drinking water wells throughout Darlington County and surrounding areas were contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) after years of industrial sludge being landapplied to agricultural fields. PFAS are persistent synthetic chemicals linked to cancer, immune system disruption, and other serious health outcomes. While filtration options were implemented as an immediate interim measure, a permanent solution that would not impose a financial burden on affected rural residents was urgently needed. The Project Darlington County Water & Sewer Authority used Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) funding to extend water mains and services to areas where private drinking water wells had been contaminated with PFAS. Affected residents were connected to a safe, public drinking water source at no initial cost to them — eliminating their dependence on contaminated private wells. The new water main infrastructure also creates future connection options for additional rural residences that currently rely on private wells, expanding safe water access beyond the immediate PFAS response area. This project was nominated for Environmental Protection Agency’s AQUARIUS recognition award.
Environmental And Public Health Impact The project permanently removes affected residents from reliance on PFAS-contaminated private wells, replacing a direct exposure pathway with access to treated public water. The source of contamination — industrial sludge land application — had affected an entire region, and the water main extension provides a durable, community-wide solution that individual household filtration cannot match. By extending infrastructure into a rural area previously unserved by public water, the project also lays the groundwork for long-term safe water access for the broader community. Financial Impact Providing connection to a safe drinking water source at no initial cost to affected residents was a central feature of the project’s design — recognizing that rural PFAS-impacted residents should not bear the financial burden of contamination they did not cause. DWSRF financing enabled the Authority to absorb upfront connection costs and build the infrastructure needed for a permanent solution, rather than leaving residents dependent on temporary filtration measures indefinitely.
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Region 4 | AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, and TN
TENNESSEE PROJECT 1 City of Trenton - Highway 45 Bypass Dead-End Waterline Elimination Trenton, TN Background The City of Trenton serves approximately 4,100 water customers in Gibson County, West Tennessee, operating a 1.4 million gallons per day (MGD) water treatment plant originally constructed in 1960. The city’s distribution system included a problematic deadend waterline along Highway 45 Bypass — a 6-inch diameter line with a gap of approximately 1,000 linear feet between two existing waterlines. Dead-end lines trap water and cause stagnation, requiring staff to constantly flush the line to maintain water quality.
The ongoing flushing represented both a direct loss of potable water revenue and a significant drain on staff time and labor. The Project The project installed approximately 1,005 linear feet of 6-inch diameter waterline and associated appurtenances along Highway 45 Bypass, connecting the two existing dead-end waterlines into a continuous loop. This simple but effective improvement eliminates the stagnation problem by allowing water to circulate freely through the distribution system rather than sitting trapped at the end of a line. The $650,000 State Revolving Fund (SRF) loan included $130,000 in principal forgiveness. Environmental And Public Health Impact Dead-end waterlines create water quality risks — stagnant water loses disinfectant residual over time, increasing the potential for bacterial growth and degraded water quality at the tap. Eliminating the dead end on Highway 45 Bypass ensures that water circulates properly through the distribution system, maintaining chlorine residual and delivering safe, fresh water to customers served by this section of the system. The improvement also reduces the frequency of emergency flushing that can disrupt service. Financial Impact The SRF loan of $650,000 with $130,000 in principal forgiveness financed a targeted infrastructure investment that generates ongoing financial returns for the city. Eliminating the dead-end line ends the cycle of costly potable water waste through constant flushing, recovering both the water itself and the staff time previously dedicated to the task. For a small utility serving 4,100 customers, these operational savings are meaningful and recurring.
Fire hydrant marking the new waterline connection along Highway 45 Bypass.
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PROJECT 2 Hartsville-Trousdale Water and Sewer Utility District — Water Storage Tank Replacement Trousdale County, TN Background The Hartsville-Trousdale Water and Sewer Utility District serves approximately 8,750 customers in Trousdale County, Middle Tennessee, operating a 2 MGD water treatment plant originally built in 1954 that draws from the Cumberland River. A 2018 Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation Sanitary Survey identified six water storage tanks (WSTs) in violation of state regulations — three with severe deficiencies requiring immediate action. The Highway 25 tank had a 4-inch hole in the roof allowing contaminants to enter treated water storage. The Sulphur College Road tank exhibited severe interior and exterior corrosion. The Morrison Street tank had rusted rafters and a structurally compromised roof. Together, the three tanks accounted for approximately one-third of the distribution system’s total storage capacity.
The new 2-million-gallon water storage tank, constructed to replace the district’s three deficient tanks and restore full distribution system storage capacity.
The Project The project constructs a new 2 million gallon water storage tank to replace the three deteriorated tanks, and installs approximately 4,200 linear feet of 12-inch diameter water main to connect the new WST to the existing water main along Highway 141. The three deficient tanks on Highway 25, Morrison Street, and Sulphur College Road will be disconnected and decommissioned upon completion of the new tank and connecting main. Environmental And Public Health Impact The three failing tanks posed direct public health risks — a 4-inch roof hole at the Highway 25 tank allowed contaminants to enter treated drinking water, creating unsanitary conditions for stored water destined for nearly 9,000 customers. The new 2 million gallon tank provides proper chlorine retention time for effective disinfection, ensures sterile storage conditions for treated water, and restores full distribution system storage capacity. Replacing three failing tanks with a single modern facility also simplifies operations and reduces long-term maintenance burden.
Financial Impact A $1,750,000 Drinking Water State Revolving Fund loan finances the construction of the new tank and connecting water main. The investment resolves three active regulatory violations and eliminates the risk of emergency failures at deteriorated tanks — which could require costly emergency repairs or temporary storage solutions while threatening service reliability for 8,750 customers. Consolidating three aging tanks into one modern facility also reduces long-term inspection, maintenance, and eventual replacement costs for the district.
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Region 5 | IL, IN, MI, MN, OH, and WI
ILLINOIS PROJECT 1 City of Freeport Lead Service Line Replacement — Phase 3 Freeport, IL Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
The City of Freeport, home to approximately 24,476 residents, has undertaken a multi-phase program to eliminate lead service lines throughout the city. Lead service lines pose a serious risk to drinking water quality, particularly for children and pregnant women, and their removal is a critical step toward compliance with Environmental Protections Agency’s Lead and Copper Rule Revisions. This project represents Phase 3 of a four-phase effort to systematically replace lead service lines across the city.
Each lead service line replaced eliminates a direct pathway for lead to enter residents’ drinking water. Lead exposure causes irreversible neurological damage in children and is linked to cardiovascular and kidney disease in adults. By systematically removing lead service lines across all four phases, Freeport is taking decisive action to protect the health of all 24,476 residents who rely on the city’s water system.
The Project Phase 3 includes the replacement of approximately 400 lead service lines throughout the City of Freeport, along with all related appurtenances and restoration work necessary to return affected areas to fully operational condition. The phased approach allows the city to manage the scale of the replacement program while making consistent, measurable progress toward full lead service line elimination.
Financial Impact The Drinking Water State Revolving Fund provided $3,075,750 to finance Phase 3 of the lead service line replacement program. State Revolving Fund (SRF) financing enables Freeport to sustain a multi-phase replacement effort that would be difficult to fund through traditional capital budgeting. The phased approach, supported by SRF loans at each stage, allows the city to spread costs over time while maintaining continuous progress toward full lead service line elimination.
L to R: A crane lowers a shoring box into a residential street excavation as crews prepare to access and replace a lead service line. A worker installs a new service line connection inside a shored excavation box during lead service line replacement work.
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PROJECT 2 Village of Lombard Large Diameter Combined Sewer Rehabilitation Lombard, IL Background The Village of Lombard operates large diameter combined sanitary sewers constructed during the 1930s and 1940s. Recent inspections revealed that many of the pipes — ranging from 90 to 108 inches in diameter — are in poor condition, showing structural distress and cracks throughout. The aging infrastructure allows high quantities of infiltration and inflow during wet weather events, reducing system capacity and increasing the volume of flow requiring treatment at the wastewater facility. The Project The project involves spray lining approximately 10,955 linear feet of large diameter combined sanitary sewer to structurally rehabilitate the pipe and restore system performance. Manholes along the large diameter sewer are also being rehabilitated as part of the project. The spray lining method was selected as the most effective approach for rehabilitating large diameter infrastructure of this age and condition. Environmental And Public Health Impact Rehabilitating the combined sewers reduces infiltration and inflow, decreasing the volume of extraneous water entering the system during wet weather. This lowers the risk of combined sewer overflows and reduces the hydraulic load on the treatment facility. Structural repairs eliminate the risk of pipe failure, which could result in sinkholes, service disruptions, or sewage releases that threaten public health and the environment.
A new service line fitting and corporation stop installed at the water main connection point in an open excavation.
Financial Impact The Clean Water State Revolving Fund provided $15,918,302.75 to finance the large diameter sewer rehabilitation. Rehabilitating in place using spray lining is significantly more cost-effective than full pipe replacement, and State Revolving fund financing at below-market interest rates further reduces the financial burden on Lombard ratepayers. Extending the life of infrastructure constructed in the 1930s and 1940s represents a high-value investment for the Village and its 43,797 residents.
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Region 5 | IL, IN, MI, MN, OH, and WI
INDIANA PROJECT 1 New Richmond Drinking Water System Improvements New Richmond, IN Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
The Town of New Richmond is a small rural community in westcentral Indiana with a population of approximately 330 people. Prior to this project, the town operated two wells installed in 1962 with only direct injection of chlorine gas and phosphates — no filtration or oxidation treatment system. There had been no well updates or repairs in the decades since their installation. The untreated raw water contained high levels of iron and manganese, generating chronic customer complaints of water discoloration, foul tastes, and laundry staining. Parts of the distribution system were also decades old, undersized, and in need of replacement, contributing to inadequate water pressure and water age concerns throughout the system.
Manganese is recognized by the Environmental Protection Agency as an emerging contaminant of concern that, at higher concentrations, can be toxic to the nervous system. By installing treatment specifically targeting manganese removal, New Richmond is proactively protecting the health of all 330 residents — particularly children, who are more vulnerable to neurotoxic effects. The distribution system improvements also address water age, reducing the risk of secondary water quality issues throughout the system. The project brings New Richmond into compliance with secondary water quality standards and positions the town to meet future manganese regulations.
The Project The project included rehabilitation of the town’s existing wells, installation of a package water treatment plant with a pressure filtration system for iron and manganese removal, improvements to existing chemical feed systems, and distribution system improvements to increase water pressure and allow for system flushing to address water age. Construction was completed on October 31, 2024. The project was co-financed with a $700,000 Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs (OCRA) grant, and the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) provided Emerging Contaminant funds in the form of a forgivable loan specifically to address manganese — an emerging contaminant of concern — combined with traditional State Revolving Fund (SRF) funding for the remaining infrastructure improvements.
Financial Impact The project was financed through a combination of $1,280,000 in DWSRF funding — including a forgivable loan through the Emerging Contaminants program for the manganese treatment component — and a $700,000 Indiana OCRA grant, for a total project investment of $1,980,000. The layered financing approach kept costs low for ratepayers in a small, disadvantaged community. The use of Emerging Contaminant set-aside funding as a forgivable loan demonstrates the SRF’s ability to apply specialized funding tools to address public health threats before they become regulated violations.
“The project brings New Richmond into compliance with secondary water quality standards and positions the town to meet future manganese regulations.”
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A chemical feed pump operating as part of the upgraded chemical feed system at the New Richmond water treatment facility.
A newly installed distribution system flushing station at the town entrance following water system improvements.
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Region 5 | IL, IN, MI, MN, OH, and WI
MICHIGAN PROJECT 1 City of Marquette Wastewater Treatment Plant Biosolids Improvements Marquette, MI Background The City of Marquette operates a wastewater treatment plant that required comprehensive upgrades to its biosolids handling and processing infrastructure. Aging biosolids management systems presented operational challenges and limited the facility’s ability to efficiently process and manage the solids generated during wastewater treatment. A comprehensive upgrade was needed to modernize biosolids handling, improve operational reliability, and bring the facility’s infrastructure up to current standards. The Project The project includes construction of a new waste receiving station, dewatering and cake storage facilities, and a waste gas burner. Key system enhancements involve modifications to pumping systems, post-aeration processes, and ferric chloride feed equipment. The project also integrates new and existing infrastructure, upgrades electrical and control systems, and improves site security with new fencing and surveillance cameras. The $12,500,000 investment delivers a comprehensive modernization of the plant’s biosolids handling capability.
Site entrance to the Marquette Wastewater Treatment Plant biosolids improvements project, with new paving, lighting, and facility buildings.
Environmental And Public Health Impact Improved biosolids management reduces the risk of odor, runoff, and other environmental issues associated with inadequate solids handling at wastewater facilities. The waste gas burner addresses methane management, reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the treatment process. Upgraded electrical, control, and supervisory control and data acquisition systems improve operational oversight and reduce the risk of process failures that could lead to permit exceedances or environmental releases.
Crews install a new waste gas burner stack and access hatch at the Marquette Wastewater Treatment Plant biosolids facility.
Financial Impact The Clean Water State Revolving Fund provided $12,500,000 to finance the comprehensive biosolids improvements. State Revolving Fund financing at below-market interest rates reduces the long-term cost of this capital investment for Marquette ratepayers, enabling a mid-sized municipal utility to undertake a multi-component infrastructure upgrade that would be difficult to finance through traditional municipal borrowing alone.
Newly constructed waste receiving station building nearing completion at the Marquette Wastewater Treatment Plant.
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PROJECT 2 Charter Township of White Lake Iron Filtration and Water Main Extension White Lake, MI Background Charter Township of White Lake identified two interconnected infrastructure needs: the water supply at an existing wellhouse required iron filtration treatment to meet water quality standards, and the nearby Huron Valley Schools (HVS) campus complex was not connected to the township’s drinking water system. Connecting the school campus to centralized water service was identified as a priority to improve water quality and reliability for the school community. The Project The project installed a new iron filtration water treatment system at a township wellhouse, featuring two 10-foot vertical pressure filters, a post-filtration disinfection and phosphate system, and an expanded Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system for enhanced monitoring and control. The project also extended approximately 11,700 feet of 12-inch water main — complete with valves, hydrants, and meter pits — to connect the HVS campus complex to the township’s drinking water system, transitioning HVS to a township water customer. Environmental And Public Health Impact The iron filtration system removes iron from the water supply, addressing aesthetic water quality issues and ensuring the treated water meets drinking water standards before distribution. Connecting HVS to the township’s treated water system significantly improves water quality and reliability for the school community — replacing a water supply situation that posed potential risks to students and staff with a modern, regulated public
An excavated pit exposes a copper service line connection at a water main tap during water main extension work.
A large pressure filter vessel and associated inlet piping installed inside the new iron filtration treatment building.
water connection. The expanded SCADA system improves realtime operational oversight across the treatment and distribution system. Financial Impact The Drinking Water State Revolving Fund provided $8,200,000 to finance the combined iron filtration and water main extension project. Bundling the wellhouse treatment upgrade and school campus connection into a single State Revolving Fund (SRF) loan allowed White Lake Township to address two complementary infrastructure needs efficiently, with below-market SRF financing reducing the long-term cost to township ratepayers.
New air compressor and blower equipment installed inside the wellhouse mechanical room as part of the iron filtration system upgrade.
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Region 5 | IL, IN, MI, MN, OH, and WI
MINNESOTA PROJECT 1 City of Owatonna Wastewater Treatment Facility Improvements Owatonna, MN Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
The City of Owatonna’s wastewater treatment facility required significant expansion and modernization to address two converging pressures: population and economic growth demanding increased treatment capacity, and a lower phosphorus regulatory limit under the Cannon River Watershed Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) approved in February 2017. The existing 5 million gallons per day (MGD) facility was insufficient to meet either challenge, and an 80% capacity expansion was needed to serve the growing community and enable future regionalization with the neighboring City of Medford.
The MBR technology produces high-quality effluent that exceeds conventional treatment standards, improving water quality in local receiving waterways. The BNR process and $7,000,000 PSIG specifically target phosphorus reduction under the Cannon River Watershed TMDL — directly addressing the regulatory driver that prompted the upgrade. The biogas-to-natural-gas system reduces the facility’s carbon footprint and fossil fuel dependency. The expanded capacity also enables future regionalization with Medford, potentially consolidating treatment for two communities and further improving efficiency and environmental outcomes.
The Project
Financial Impact
The project, completed between 2022 and 2025, expanded the facility from 5 MGD to 9 MGD capacity. Key improvements included conversion of activated sludge basins to a modified biological nutrient removal (BNR) process, addition of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) with sufficient redundancy to meet disinfection requirements, construction of an anaerobic digester, rotary drum thickeners, and backup disinfection. A standout feature is the biogas recovery system: biogas produced by the anaerobic digesters is treated and injected directly into the city’s natural gas distribution system, turning a waste product into a community energy resource. Total project cost was $68,858,198, financed through a combination of Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) loan, principal forgiveness, Point Source Implementation Grant (PSIG), State Point Source Implementation Program (SPAP) appropriations, and local funding.
The $35,000,000 CWSRF loan at 1.915% for 20 years is conservatively estimated to save local taxpayers approximately $3,890,404 in interest costs compared to market-rate financing. The Green Project Reserve award of $1,000,000 recognized the project’s energy efficiency components — biogas recovery, aeration upgrades, effluent reuse, and MBR permeate pumps. The layered financing — CWSRF loan and forgiveness, PSIG grant, SPAP appropriations, and local funds — assembled $68,800,000 for a project that delivers both compliance and long-term community growth capacity.
Workers install a treatment module into the treatment basin during facility expansion construction.
Stainless steel biogas conditioning columns and associated piping inside the Owatonna Wastewater Treatment Facility, part of the new biogas-to-natural-gas recovery system.
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PROJECT 2 City of Two Harbors Wastewater Treatment Plant Facility Upgrades Two Harbors, MN Background The City of Two Harbors, located on the shore of Lake Superior, operated a wastewater treatment plant that was under-capacity during extreme weather events — a serious problem given the environmental sensitivity of Lake Superior as a receiving water. During wet weather peak flows, the facility discharged partially treated wastewater directly into Lake Superior, posing a significant environmental and public health risk to one of the world’s largest freshwater bodies. Age-related infrastructure deterioration compounded the capacity challenges, and a comprehensive upgrade was needed to address both issues. The Project Construction ran from 2021 through 2025. The project added a new activated sludge aeration basin, two final clarifiers, and return and waste activated sludge pumps to expand treatment capacity and address wet weather flow deficiencies. The existing equalization tank, pretreatment facility, equalization chlorine contact tank, and tertiary filters were retained and integrated into the upgraded facility. New biosolids treatment infrastructure — an aerated holding tank with a load-out station for land application — replaced the existing biosolids handling system. Total financing of $33,488,485 combined a $14,493,919 Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) loan with Point Source Implementation Grant (PSIG), Water Infrastructure Fund (WIF), and State Special Appropriation grants.
Construction equipment grades the site between existing treatment structures and a new geodesic biosolids dome at the Two Harbors Wastewater Treatment Plant.
Aerial view of the Two Harbors Wastewater Treatment Plant construction site showing new concrete clarifier and aeration basin structures under construction along the Lake Superior shoreline.
Environmental And Public Health Impact Eliminating the discharge of partially treated wastewater to Lake Superior during extreme weather events is the primary environmental achievement of this project. Lake Superior is one of the world’s most ecologically significant freshwater ecosystems — any discharge of inadequately treated wastewater poses risks to its water quality and aquatic biodiversity. The expanded capacity ensures the facility can handle wet weather peaks without treatment bypass, protecting the lake for current and future generations. The project also creates capacity to potentially incorporate unsewered communities in the surrounding area. Financial Impact The $14,493,919 CWSRF loan at 1.578% for 30 years is conservatively estimated to save local taxpayers approximately $617,442 compared to market-rate financing. Grant funding from
Wide aerial view of the Two Harbors Wastewater Treatment Plant and surrounding community.
three sources — the PSIG, WIF, and State Special Appropriation — covered the majority of the $33,500,000 total project cost, keeping the debt burden on Two Harbors ratepayers manageable for a community whose wastewater facility discharges to Lake Superior, one of the most protected waterways in the nation.
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Region 5 | IL, IN, MI, MN, OH, and WI
OHIO PROJECT 1 Little Miami Wastewater Treatment Plant Biosolids Facility Expansion Hamilton County, Ohio Background
Financial Impact
The Little Miami Wastewater Treatment Plant (LMWWTP), which began operation in 1953, serves a population of more than 300,000 in eastern Hamilton County. The plant’s previous approach to managing residual solids relied on landfilling and incineration — practices that had become an increasing source of community complaints over landfill odor, as well as growing concerns about landfill overcapacity and methane emissions. The Metropolitan Sewer District of Greater Cincinnati (MSD) identified the need for a more effective, long-term solution to the plant’s solids handling, odor control, and disposal challenges.
The $244,900,000 WPCLF loan carries a below-market interest rate over a 30-year term, saving Hamilton County an estimated $75,000,000 over the life of the loan compared to a market rate of 4.76%.
The Project MSD undertook a major expansion of the LMWWTP, shifting the plant to a regional Class-A digestion facility. The new biosolids facility, located in the northwest section of the LMWWTP property, diverts biosolids to Exceptional Quality Temperature Phased Anaerobic Digestion equipment, where they are treated and distributed as fertilizer rather than landfilled or incinerated. Biogas generated through the digestion process is captured and used as fuel for on-site power generation. The project was financed through a $244,900,000 below-market interest rate loan from the Ohio Water Pollution Control Loan Fund (WPCLF), awarded by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency’s Division of Environmental and Financial Assistance to Hamilton County.
Construction of the new Class-A digestion facility underway at the Little Miami Wastewater Treatment Plant.
Environmental And Public Health Impact The new facility redirects a portion of the wastewater system’s residual solids toward beneficial reuse as fertilizer and fuel, rather than landfilling or incineration. The project reduces landfill odor complaints and truck traffic associated with biosolids transport by an estimated 30–40%, while capturing and reusing biogas for power generation lowers the plant’s energy costs and reduces methane emissions. Together, these improvements strengthen the plant’s operational efficiency and add resilience to wastewater management for the communities the LMWWTP serves.
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Architectural rendering of the completed biosolids facility expansion at the LMWWTP.
PROJECT 2 Cleveland Lead Service Line Replacement Program Cleveland, Ohio Background In February 2025, the Cleveland Water Department (CWD) — which provides water service to more than 1.4 million residents across 79 communities in northeast Ohio — estimated that 176,000 lead service connections across its system required replacement, at an estimated total removal cost exceeding $1 billion. Lead service lines (LSL) pose an ongoing public health risk, particularly to populations most susceptible to the effects of lead exposure, including children in childcare facilities and schools and residents in areas with higher concentrations of lead paint. The Project From 2025 to 2026, the City of Cleveland implemented 21 LSL projects using $78,400,000 from Ohio's Water Supply Revolving Loan Account (WSRLA), the state's Drinking Water State Revolving Fund. The projects fund full lead service line replacements (LSLRs) and related materials at up to 16,000 locations, covering both city-owned and customer-owned connections. Cleveland's LSLR program is designed to Crews excavate a lead service line for replacement. remove the greatest amount of lead for the largest number of people at the lowest cost, prioritizing locations where LSLs are known to exist and pairing replacement work with other scheduled utility projects, such as road repaving or water exposure. The program also advances Cleveland's progress toward line repair, to maximize efficiency. The program compliance with the federal Lead and Copper Rule Improvements, separately requested approximately $158,000,000 in WSRLA which require system-wide lead service line replacement by 2037. funding to remove LSLs from homes and buildings within CWD's disadvantaged service area. To date, more than 6,500 LSLs have Financial Impact been removed using WSRLA funding, with an estimated 14,000 The program is funded through Ohio's WSRLA, with $78,400,000 additional replacements currently underway. financing the 21 projects implemented in 2025–2026 and an Environmental And Public Health Impact additional approximately $158,000,000 requested to serve CWD's disadvantaged service area. Qualifying projects are eligible for up The program directly reduces residents' exposure to lead in to 53% principal forgiveness, with the remaining 47% repaid over drinking water, with replacement work prioritized in areas serving populations most vulnerable to the health effects of lead 20 years at 0% interest.
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Region 5 | IL, IN, MI, MN, OH, and WI
WISCONSIN PROJECT 1 City of South Milwaukee Lead Service Line Replacement Program South Milwaukee, WI Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
In 2021, the South Milwaukee Water Utility identified and reported 1,895 lead service line — on both the utility and customer side — to the Wisconsin Public Service Commission. The city launched a multi-year program to replace all 1,895 LSLs from water main to the connection point inside each building. Partial replacement is not sufficient: replacing only the utility side while leaving private-side lead pipe in place can actually increase lead levels in tap water by disturbing the pipe. South Milwaukee’s program addresses both sides of every connection.
Lead from corroding service lines enters drinking water and causes irreversible neurological damage in children and cardiovascular and kidney disease in adults. By replacing both the utility and customer sides of every connection — and providing point-of-use filtration during the gap between utility and private-side replacement — South Milwaukee ensures residents are protected throughout the process. The city’s commitment to full replacement of all 1,895 identified LSLs, sustained across multiple years of State Revolving Fund financing, is a model for systematic lead elimination at scale.
The Project
Financial Impact
The State Fiscal Year (SFY) 2024 project replaces 248 LSL — utility and customer side — with construction beginning in January 2024 and substantially completing in December 2026. On August 14, 2025, South Milwaukee celebrated its 1,000th total lead service line replacement (LSLR). The Wisconsin Safe Drinking Water Loan Program provided $886,421 in SFY 2024 funding structured as $49,122 in general principal forgiveness, $524,560 in LSL-specific principal forgiveness, and loans at 0.25% interest. The $524,560 in LSL-specific forgiveness is passed directly to property owners to reduce the cost of replacing their portion of the lead line. South Milwaukee established a property-owner loan program at 0.25% interest, repayable in annual installments, ensuring no owner bears an unaffordable upfront cost.
Between January 2023 and November 2024, the Wisconsin Safe Drinking Water Loan Program provided South Milwaukee $4,482,101 for LSLR. Additional applications submitted in June 2025 request $8,920,300 more. The program’s LSL-specific principal forgiveness — passed through the city to individual property owners — directly offsets private-side replacement costs that homeowners would otherwise bear alone. The 0.25% interest rate on all loan components minimizes carrying costs for both the city and participating property owners, making the 1,895-LSL program financially sustainable across the multi-year replacement timeline.
An excavated lead service line is exposed ahead of replacement.
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PROJECT 2 Burnett Sanitary District #1 Wastewater Regionalization Project Burnett Sanitary District #1, WI Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
Burnett Sanitary District #1 in south central Wisconsin served approximately 300 people with an aging lagoon treatment system that faced new permit limitations for phosphorus and E. coli, as well as concerns about groundwater separation compliance. The leaking lagoons posed a public health threat to drinking water supplies, and the cost of upgrading the existing system to meet new permit limits would have resulted in exorbitant user charge rates for a small, economically challenged community projected to lose 19% of its population by 2040. Regionalization with the City of Beaver Dam was identified as the most cost-effective and sustainable path forward.
Abandoning the leaking lagoons eliminates an active public health threat — E. coli and other contaminants from lagoon leakage posed risks to groundwater and drinking water supplies for the surrounding area. Regionalization with Beaver Dam provides Burnett’s residents with access to a larger, modern treatment facility operating under stricter permit limits, significantly improving the quality of effluent reaching local waterways. Phosphorus reductions address the total maximum daily load requirement for the receiving watershed. Collection system rehabilitation further reduces wet weather flows and associated treatment challenges.
The Project Construction was completed in May 2025. The project eliminated Burnett’s existing lagoon treatment plant and regionalized the district with the City of Beaver Dam through installation of a new chemical feed system, new lift station and force main connecting the district to the city, metering equipment at the tiein, and abandonment of the existing lagoons. Collection system rehabilitation reduced inflow and infiltration. The total project cost was $6,477,599, financed through $4,453,599 in Wisconsin Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) — including $3,117,520 in principal forgiveness — and $2,024,000 from U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Rural Development.
Financial Impact The Wisconsin CWSRF provided $3,000,000 in priority principal forgiveness specifically to incentivize regionalization — recognizing that small, declining communities face elevated percapita project costs that make compliance upgrades unaffordable without significant subsidy. Combined with $117,520 in general forgiveness, $1,644,000 in USDA grants, and subsidized loan rates, the total grant and forgiveness package was $4,761,520 — over 73% of the $6,500,000 project cost. This financing structure made regionalization affordable for a 300-person district whose user charge rates would otherwise have been unsustainable.
“This financing structure made regionalization affordable for a 300-person district whose user charge rates would otherwise have been unsustainable.”
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Region 6 | AR, LA, NM, OK, and TX
ARKANSAS PROJECT 1 Septic Tank Remediation Program Illinois River, Beaver Reservoir, and Buffalo River Watersheds, AR Background
downstream treatment upgrades.
Across Arkansas, thousands of aging single-home onsite septic systems — many more than 40 years old — serve rural and semiurban homes. When these systems fail, bacteria and nutrients seep into nearby ditches, creeks, and groundwater, threatening public health and placing costly burdens on downstream communities. The Septic Tank Remediation Program (STRP) was established through a partnership among the Arkansas Department of Agriculture’s Natural Resources Division and two nonprofit watershed groups: the Illinois River Watershed Partnership (IRWP) and H2Ozarks. STRP uses Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) dollars to help homeowners repair or replace failing septic systems, demonstrating how CWSRF can be flexibly applied to address nonpoint source pollution.
Financial Impact STRP has invested $2,500,000 for 188 projects to date, combining grant and loan funding through the CWSRF. Qualifying homeowners — many on fixed incomes — are eligible for up to 90% grant assistance, making critical repairs accessible to those who could not otherwise afford them. The program’s financial structure, paired with local nonprofit partnerships, has proven both equitable and cost-effective, reaching households most in need while delivering measurable environmental outcomes.
The Project STRP provides grants and loans to homeowners across three major watersheds — the Illinois River, Beaver Reservoir, and Buffalo River watersheds — to repair or replace failing septic systems. Nonprofit partners Illinois River Watershed Partnership and H2Ozarks serve as trusted local liaisons, helping homeowners navigate applications, connect with licensed installers, and understand system maintenance. Outreach efforts include SepticSmart Week mailers reaching over 25,000 households, community events, and engagement with county health offices. To date, the program has invested $2,500,000 across 188 projects in septic system repairs and replacements. Environmental And Public Health Impact In the Illinois River Watershed, STRP has addressed failing systems in mixed urban-rural areas, including installation of Aerobic Treatment Units suited to denser environments. In the Beaver Reservoir Watershed, the program has replaced failing systems directly impacting Beaver Lake — the drinking water source for over 600,000 Northwest Arkansas residents — as well as the Kings River, a state-designated Extraordinary Resource Water. In the Buffalo River Watershed, homeowners have replaced aging metal tanks, homemade systems, and systems with no lateral lines, preventing direct discharge into tributaries of the Buffalo River. Across all three watersheds, the program prevents pollution before it enters waterways, often at a fraction of the cost of
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A freshly installed drain field line runs through a wooded hillside at a residential property in the Beaver Reservoir Watershed.
A new septic drain field takes shape behind a home, with distribution lines and leach field chambers installed to replace a failing system through the Septic Tank Remediation Program. A new concrete septic tank is set in place and prepared for backfill with gravel, replacing an aging or failing system through the Septic Tank Remediation Program. A newly installed drain field pipe runs along a wooded slope at a residential property in the Illinois River Watershed.
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Region 6 | AR, LA, NM, OK, and TX
LOUISIANA PROJECT 1 East Central Vernon Water System - Digital Meter Replacement and Office System Upgrade East Central Vernon Water System, LA Background The East Central Vernon Water System has served its rural Louisiana community since 1991. By the time of this project, the original meters installed when the system was first constructed had remained in service for over three decades — well beyond their useful life. The aging meters were significantly underrecording water flow, resulting in 32% of all produced water going unaccounted for. This level of non-revenue water represented a serious financial and operational problem, masking system losses and preventing accurate billing. The system had previously received a Drinking Water Revolving Loan Fund (DWRLF) 1 to construct a new well with treatment equipment, an elevated storage tank, and a backup generator — establishing a solid infrastructure foundation that this project built upon.
(capped at $3,000,000 in forgiveness), making IIJA supplemental funding particularly impactful for small rural systems like East Central Vernon that could not otherwise access the capital needed to modernize aging infrastructure.
The Project Loan 2 funded the installation of new digital radio read meters throughout the system, along with updated office software and meter reading equipment. The digital radio read meters replace the original 1991 meters and enable accurate, automated meter reading — eliminating the under-recording that had caused 32% of produced water to go unaccounted for. The loan closed on May 11, 2023, and construction was completed on March 10, 2025.
A new digital radio read meter unpacked ahead of system-wide meter replacement.
Environmental And Public Health Impact Accurate metering is foundational to sound water system management. When 32% of produced water is unaccounted for, a utility cannot effectively detect leaks, identify system losses, or ensure that treated water is reaching customers safely. The new digital meters restore full accountability over the system’s water production and distribution, enabling the East Central Vernon Water System to identify and address losses — protecting both water resources and the integrity of the distribution system. Financial Impact Louisiana’s DWRLF provided a $1,300,000 Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) General Supplemental loan with 49% principal forgiveness, resulting in $637,000 in forgiven principal for the system. The remaining 51% carries a 2.45% interest rate over 20 years. Louisiana’s DWRLF applies 49% principal forgiveness to all general supplemental-funder projects
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A new digital radio read meter unit removed from its protective carrying case prior to installation.
“The new digital meters restore full accountability over the system’s water production and distribution, enabling the East Central Vernon Water System to identify and address losses — protecting both water resources and the integrity of the distribution system.”
Region 6 | AR, LA, NM, OK, and TX
NEW MEXICO PROJECT 1 Los Alamos County White Rock Water Resource Recovery Facility
L to R: New secondary clarifiers and process piping at the Los Alamos County White Rock Water Resource Recovery Facility. Aerial view of the completed Los Alamos County White Rock Water Resource Recovery Facility, showing oxidation ditch basins, secondary clarifiers, and support buildings.
Los Alamos County, NM Background Los Alamos County’s White Rock community operated a wastewater treatment facility built in the 1960s using a trickling filter system — technology that had far outlived its design life and was unable to meet current regulatory requirements or support the county’s projected population growth and water reuse ambitions. The aging facility could not reliably produce the effluent quality needed for expanded water reuse, which is critical in the waterscarce environment of northern New Mexico. A comprehensive replacement was needed to modernize treatment, meet current and future permit requirements, and enable the county to maximize beneficial reuse of treated wastewater. The Project Design began in August 2019 and construction was completed in November 2024. The new facility replaces the 1960s trickling filter system with a modern oxidation ditch treatment process designed for an average daily flow of up to 500,000 gallons per day. Key components include a new headworks building with fine screens, grit trap and washer; an oxidation ditch with mixing and aeration; two secondary clarifiers; a new filtration/disinfection building housing tertiary disc filters, ultraviolet disinfection, and a non-potable water pump station; an electrical room; conversion of existing digester tanks to solids holding tanks; a new sludge
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dewatering fan press system; and control room modifications. The facility is designed to consistently produce Class 1A effluent with less than 10 mg/L of total nitrogen. Los Alamos County received over $28,500,000 from the Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) to design and construct the facility. Environmental And Public Health Impact The new oxidation ditch system dramatically improves effluent quality compared to the 1960s trickling filter it replaces, consistently meeting Class 1A standards and the stringent total nitrogen limit of less than 10 mg/L. High-quality Class 1A effluent enables expanded and efficient water reuse — a critical environmental benefit in New Mexico’s arid climate where every drop of treated water that can be reused reduces demand on scarce freshwater sources. The facility also ensures continued compliance with current and future regulatory requirements, protecting both public health and the receiving environment. Financial Impact The CWSRF provided over $28,500,000 to finance the design and construction of a facility that replaces infrastructure more than 60 years old. CWSRF financing at below-market rates made this comprehensive modernization financially achievable for Los Alamos County, enabling the county to invest in a state-of-the-art facility with water reuse capability rather than incremental repairs to aging infrastructure that could not meet future needs.
PROJECT 2 Village of Angel Fire Wastewater Treatment Plant Improvements Angel Fire, NM Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
The Village of Angel Fire, a mountain community in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of northern New Mexico, operated a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with aging equipment that struggled to meet its National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit requirements and New Mexico groundwater discharge permit standards for Class 1B effluent reuse. The facility’s existing infrastructure — including the influent pump station, headworks, and sequencing batch reactor basin controls — was aging and under performing, and the plant had difficulty managing the seasonal fluctuations in wastewater flows characteristic of a mountain resort community. Effluent reuse is essential in this water-scarce environment, and achieving consistent Class 1B quality was a priority.
The upgraded facility can now reliably meet NPDES permit Phase 1a and 1b nutrient effluent limits and the State groundwater discharge permit requirements for Class 1B effluent reuse — protecting water quality in the ecologically sensitive Sangre de Cristo Mountain environment. The new influent equalization infrastructure specifically addresses the seasonal flow fluctuations that had previously challenged the facility, ensuring consistent treatment performance year-round. Achieving Class 1B effluent quality enables the village to beneficially reuse treated water, reducing demand on freshwater sources in a high-altitude, semi-arid community.
The Project The Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) provided approximately $9,800,000 to design and construct comprehensive improvements to the Angel Fire WWTP, completed in 2024. The project included construction of a new headworks building, modifications to the existing influent pump station and septage dump station, construction of a new influent equalization pond and lift station, installation of new mixers and controls in the existing batch reactor basins, construction of a new post-equalization and post-aeration basin, and replacement of the existing ultraviolet disinfection equipment. Together these improvements address aging treatment infrastructure, improve the facility’s ability to manage seasonal flow variations, and consistently meet Phase 1a and 1b nutrient effluent limits.
Financial Impact The CWSRF provided approximately $9,800,000 to finance upgrades that bring the Angel Fire WWTP into full compliance and extend the facility’s reliable service life. For a small mountain village where water reuse is not optional but essential, investing in the treatment quality needed for Class 1B reuse delivers ongoing environmental and operational value well beyond regulatory compliance. CWSRF financing at below-market rates made these improvements financially accessible for a small community that could not bear the full cost of market-rate infrastructure financing.
L to R: Construction crew installs inlet control structures and access hardware at the new wastewater storage pond, Angel Fire wastewater treatment plant. Construction crew sets reinforcing steel for the new wastewater storage pond structure at the Angel Fire wastewater treatment plant, with the lined pond basin visible in the background. Aeration grid installed in the new post-equalization and post-aeration basin during construction of improvements to the Angel Fire wastewater treatment plant. Newly formed concrete lift station structure under construction adjacent to the wastewater storage pond at the Angel Fire wastewater treatment plant. New headworks building with HVAC and mechanical equipment installation underway at the Angel Fire wastewater treatment plant.
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Region 6 | AR, LA, NM, OK, and TX
OKLAHOMA PROJECT 1 Oklahoma Septic Tank Remediation Program Oklahoma Background Failing and flood-damaged septic systems have been identified by the Oklahoma Conservation Commission as a significant source of nonpoint source pollution across the state, contributing to bacterial and nutrient contamination in local waterways and groundwater. In rural communities with older housing stock, septic system failures are often invisible until they cause serious environmental or public health harm — and the cost of replacement can be prohibitive for low-income homeowners, leaving many systems in disrepair for years. The Project The Oklahoma Conservation Commission received $300,000 in Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) loan forgiveness to support the Oklahoma Septic Tank Remediation Program, which provides direct financial assistance to homeowners for the repair or replacement of failing septic systems. Eligible homeowners receive grants of up to $15,000 to replace failing systems with aerobic treatment units — modern systems that provide a higher level of treatment than conventional septic systems and significantly reduce the discharge of untreated wastewater into the environment. The program ran from 2023 through 2025. Environmental And Public Health Impact By replacing failing septic systems at the household level, the program addresses nonpoint source contamination at its source — before bacteria, nutrients, and pathogens enter local waterways or contaminate groundwater. The aerobic treatment units installed through the program dramatically reduce the volume of untreated wastewater reaching the environment. Homeowners who participated reported immediate, tangible improvements. One resident shared: “She doesn’t have the open sewage and now all we smell are the roses and lilacs. That is priceless.” Another noted that without the grant, selling their home would have been the only option. Financial Impact The $300,000 in CWSRF loan forgiveness was deployed entirely as grants to homeowners — up to $15,000 per household — making critical septic system replacements financially accessible to rural residents who could not otherwise afford them. The program demonstrates how CWSRF loan forgiveness can be applied at the household level to address nonpoint source pollution, reaching communities and properties that traditional infrastructure financing cannot serve. 76 | 2026 CIFA SRF Yearbook
Completed septic system replacement site at a residential property following installation of a new aerobic treatment unit under the Oklahoma Conservation Commission’s Septic Tank Remediation Program.
PROJECT 2 Welch Public Works Authority Ion Exchange Water Treatment Plant Welch, OK Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
The small, rural town of Welch, Oklahoma — population approximately 800 — faced a serious drinking water quality crisis. The town’s water supply contained high levels of radium, a naturally occurring radioactive element that increases the risk of cancer with long-term exposure. As a severely disadvantaged community facing both economic hardship and aging infrastructure, Welch had limited options for financing the treatment upgrades needed to bring its water supply into compliance with federal standards.
Radium in drinking water is a known carcinogen — long-term exposure increases the risk of bone cancer and other serious health outcomes. By reducing radium levels to below the federal limit, the new treatment plant eliminates an ongoing public health risk for all 800 Welch residents. For a small, rural community with limited resources, access to safe drinking water is not guaranteed without targeted federal and state investment — the DWSRF made that investment possible.
The Project The Welch Public Works Authority used Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) funding to construct a new ion exchange water treatment plant specifically designed to remove radium from the town’s water supply. Ion exchange treatment is highly effective at removing radium and other dissolved minerals, dramatically reducing radium levels to below the federal maximum contaminant level. Construction was completed in June 2024. The total project cost was $950,000, with $450,000 provided as loan forgiveness for severely disadvantaged communities.
Financial Impact The $950,000 project was made possible by $450,000 in DWSRF loan forgiveness for severely disadvantaged communities — nearly half the total project cost. Without this level of subsidy, the cost of the ion exchange treatment plant would have been unaffordable for a town of 800 residents facing significant economic hardship. The Welch project exemplifies the DWSRF’s role as a lifeline for small, underserved communities that lack the financial capacity to address critical public health infrastructure needs on their own.
Completed ion exchange treatment vessels and process piping inside the new Welch water treatment plant for radium removal.
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Region 6 | AR, LA, NM, OK, and TX
TEXAS PROJECT 1 Orange County Water Control and Improvement District #1 — Disaster Recovery Sanitary Sewer Lift Station Restoration Orange County, TX Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
Hurricane Harvey made landfall in August 2017 as one of the most catastrophic storms in Texas history, causing widespread flooding across Southeast Texas. Orange County Water Control and Improvement District #1 sustained significant damage to its sanitary sewer infrastructure, including a critical lift station whose electrical components, controls, pumps, and motors were damaged or destroyed by floodwaters. Restoring full lift station functionality was essential to resuming reliable wastewater collection and protecting public health in the affected service area.
Restoring the lift station returned the district’s wastewater collection system to full operational capacity, eliminating the public health and environmental risk posed by a damaged system unable to properly convey wastewater. The elevated generator platform provides a lasting resilience improvement — ensuring the lift station can maintain power and continue operations during future flood events, rather than requiring another costly rehabilitation.
The Project The project rehabilitated the Hurricane Harvey-damaged sanitary sewer lift station, replacing electrical components, controls, pumps, and motors. A key resilience improvement was the installation of an elevated steel platform to house the switchgear and standby generator — raising critical electrical infrastructure above flood level to reduce vulnerability to future storm surge and flooding events. The $500,000 project was fully funded through Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) principal forgiveness for disaster recovery.
Financial Impact The $500,000 project was funded entirely through CWSRF principal forgiveness for disaster recovery — requiring no repayment from the district. Full forgiveness recognized that disaster-damaged communities should not bear the financial burden of restoring critical infrastructure destroyed by a federally declared disaster. The CWSRF’s disaster recovery flexibility demonstrates the program’s ability to respond to communities’ most urgent needs beyond routine infrastructure investment.
Rehabilitated sanitary sewer lift station with elevated switchgear and generator platform following Hurricane Harvey disaster recovery restoration.
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PROJECT 2 City of McAllen Southwest and Northwest Water Treatment Plants, Transmission, and Raw Water Conveyance Improvements
L to R: Newly expanded treatment basin with tube settler media and walkway access at the McAllen South Water Treatment Plant following capacity expansion from 8 to 12 million gallons per day. Completed treatment basin with tube settler media at the expanded McAllen South Water Treatment Plant.
McAllen, TX Background The City of McAllen, located in the Rio Grande Valley of South Texas, has experienced significant population growth that has strained the capacity of its drinking water treatment infrastructure. The South Water Treatment Plant was operating at its existing capacity of 8 million gallons per day (MGD), and increasing water supply demands made expansion necessary to ensure reliable service for current and future residents. Aging Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems at both the South and North water treatment plants also required modernization to improve operational control and reliability. The Project The project expanded the South Water Treatment Plant’s capacity from 8 MGD to 12 MGD to keep pace with McAllen’s growing water supply demands. The project also replaced and upgraded the SCADA system at both the South and North Water Treatment Plants, improving real-time monitoring and operational control across the city’s treatment infrastructure. A new raw water supply line and transmission line were constructed to support the expanded capacity and ensure reliable conveyance of raw water to the treatment facilities. The $12,000,000 Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) low-interest loan financed the full project.
Environmental And Public Health Impact Expanding treatment capacity ensures that McAllen can continue meeting Safe Drinking Water Act requirements and delivering safe, reliable drinking water as the city’s population grows. The SCADA upgrades improve operational visibility and response capability at both treatment plants, reducing the risk of undetected process failures. The new raw water conveyance infrastructure provides reliable source water delivery to support the expanded treatment capacity for years to come. Financial Impact The Texas Water Development Board’s DWSRF provided a $12,000,000 low-interest loan to finance the capacity expansion and infrastructure improvements. DWSRF financing at below-market rates reduces the long-term borrowing cost for McAllen ratepayers compared to traditional municipal financing, enabling the city to invest in critical capacity expansion at a lower cost of capital — an important consideration for a fast-growing community in one of Texas’s most economically dynamic regions.
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Region 7 | IA, KS, MO, and NE
IOWA PROJECT 1 City of Vinton Wastewater Treatment Facility Upgrade
L to R: Precast concrete box sections are set in a gravel-bedded trench during construction at the Vinton Wastewater Treatment Facility. Graded earthen berms and concrete inlet structures take shape during construction at the Vinton Wastewater Treatment Facility.
Vinton, IA Background The City of Vinton, with a population of 4,938, operates a wastewater treatment facility that had reached the limits of its aging mechanical infrastructure. The existing plant was unable to adequately manage high wet-weather flows, creating treatment reliability concerns and limiting the city’s ability to meet effluent quality standards. Upgrades were needed to modernize the facility and ensure long-term operational resilience. The Project
and sludge handling systems modernize the treatment process, improving effluent quality and ensuring consistent compliance with discharge permit requirements. Financial Impact Iowa’s SRF Program financed approximately $14,300,000 for the Vinton facility upgrade, with the project eligible for loan forgiveness through the SRF equivalency program. The combination of SRF financing and potential loan forgiveness significantly reduces the long-term cost of this critical infrastructure investment for Vinton’s ratepayers.
The project involved a comprehensive upgrade of the Vinton Wastewater Treatment Facility. Key improvements included the installation of an equalization basin to manage peak wet-weather flows, new influent wastewater pumps, modern screening and grit removal equipment, and new sludge handling systems. The project is reported as an State Revolving Fund (SRF) equivalency project and is eligible for loan forgiveness. Iowa’s SRF Program financed approximately $14,300,000 of the total project cost. Environmental And Public Health Impact The upgraded facility significantly improves Vinton’s ability to manage high wet-weather flows, reducing the risk of treatment bypass events that could result in inadequately treated effluent reaching receiving waterways. The new screening, grit removal,
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Aerial view of the Vinton Wastewater Treatment Facility site showing active earthwork and grading for the new equalization basin adjacent to existing treatment structures.
PROJECT 2 City of Ottumwa Blake’s Branch Sewer Separation Ottumwa, IA Background The City of Ottumwa applied to the Iowa State Revolving Fund (SRF) for another phase of its citywide sewer separation project. The Blake’s Branch Box is a large combined 9-foot by 9-foot brick box sewer evaluated as potentially eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places — making this a historically and environmentally sensitive infrastructure project. Iowa SRF staff conducted the full environmental review on behalf of Ottumwa, a service Iowa SRF provides to all its borrowers to reduce the burden of federal compliance requirements. The Project When project information was submitted to the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO), concerns arose about potential impacts to archaeological and architectural resources in the project area. The environmental review resulted in a Finding of No Significant Impact, but required completion of a Phase I and Phase IA archaeology survey and an architectural reconnaissance survey of adjacent structures. A second Phase I survey was conducted after project design revisions modified the project area. SHPO concurred that there would be no adverse effect to the historic resource, as the Blake’s Branch Box will continue to function as a storm sewer and new connections will utilize existing pipe penetration points to minimize impact. Iowa SRF’s environmental review staff conducted all review activities, contracted the necessary survey work, and facilitated the SHPO discussions on behalf of the city.
CCTV footage captures standing water inside the Blake’s Branch Box Sewer during the combined sewer separation project inspection.
Environmental And Public Health Impact Sewer separation reduces combined sewer overflows (CSOs) that discharge untreated sewage into local waterways during wet weather events. By completing another phase of citywide separation, Ottumwa continues to systematically eliminate CSO discharge points that contribute to water quality degradation. The historic preservation review process also ensures that the infrastructure work respects and preserves significant architectural and archaeological resources in the community. Financial Impact Iowa SRF’s provision of environmental review services as a standard borrower benefit represents a significant value-add for communities like Ottumwa that would otherwise need to procure and manage complex historic preservation compliance work
CCTV camera footage shows the interior of the historic 9-by-9-foot brick Blake’s Branch Box Sewer during condition assessment.
independently. By absorbing this technical and administrative burden, Iowa’s SRF program reduces a major barrier to project delivery — particularly important for projects involving historically sensitive infrastructure where compliance requirements can be extensive and unpredictable.
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Region 7 | IA, KS, MO, and NE
KANSAS PROJECT 1 City of Wichita Northwest Water Treatment Plant Wichita, KS Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
The City of Wichita’s previous water treatment plant had been in operation for over 80 years — well beyond its designed service life. The aging facility presented growing reliability, capacity, and water quality risks for a regional water supply serving more than 500,000 Kansans. Replacing the plant was identified as the largest infrastructure project in the city’s history, requiring a complex multi-source financing strategy to assemble the necessary capital.
The new treatment plant replaces an 80-year-old facility with modern water treatment technology, ensuring that more than 500,000 Kansans continue to receive high-quality, reliable drinking water for decades to come. The plant’s 120 MGD capacity provides substantial headroom for regional population growth. The commitment to directing over 12% of project spending to disadvantaged and minority- and women-owned businesses also delivers economic equity benefits alongside the public health infrastructure investment.
The Project The new Northwest Water Treatment Plant is a state-of-the-art facility capable of producing up to 120 million gallons of (MGD) water per day. The plant began initial operation in September 2024 and reached full operational status in June 2025. The city utilized multiple funding sources to complete the project, including approximately $285,000,000 in Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act (WIFIA) financing and approximately $267,000,000 in Kansas Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) loan funds. More than 12% of contracted dollars for the project went to disadvantaged, minority-owned, and/or woman-owned businesses.
Financial Impact The total project financing combined approximately $267,000,000 in Kansas DWSRF loans with approximately $285,000,000 in WIFIA funding — two federal water infrastructure financing programs working together to make the largest infrastructure investment in Wichita’s history possible. The DWSRF’s ability to co-finance a project of this scale alongside WIFIA demonstrates the program’s role not just for small communities but as a cornerstone financing tool for major regional water infrastructure.
L to R: Aerial view of treatment basins at the new Wichita Northwest Water Treatment Plant. Finished water pump station interior showing multiple pumps and large-diameter distribution piping at the new Wichita Northwest Water Treatment Plant.
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PROJECT 2 City of Ingalls Sewage Lift Station Pump System Replacement
L to R: Deteriorated and failed pump equipment removed from the aging primary sewage lift station prior to replacement. New pump system and control panel installed inside the replacement lift station building.
Ingalls, KS
Environmental And Public Health Impact
Background
Repeated lift station failures posed ongoing public health and environmental risks — each failure required emergency temporary pumping to prevent sewage backups or overflows. The new pump system and building eliminate this chronic vulnerability, ensuring reliable wastewater conveyance for all 249 Ingalls residents. A properly functioning lift station protects local groundwater and receiving waterways from the contamination risks associated with system failures in a small, rural community.
The City of Ingalls, a small community of approximately 249 residents in southwest Kansas, operated a primary sewage lift station that had deteriorated to the point of multiple system failures. Each failure required the city to deploy temporary pumping facilities to maintain service — a costly, unreliable stopgap that highlighted the urgent need for a permanent solution. For a community of Ingalls’ size, the affordability of a lift station replacement was a major concern, as the cost relative to the rate base was significant. The Project The project replaced the pump system at the city’s primary sewage lift station and constructed a new pump building to house the replacement equipment. The total project cost was approximately $365,000, financed through $223,000 in grant funding from the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) Small Town Water and Sewer Infrastructure program, $134,000 in Kansas Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) loan funds, and available local funding. Construction was completed in June 2025, providing Ingalls with a new, reliable lift station for efficient longterm wastewater system operation.
Financial Impact The KDHE Small Town Water and Sewer Infrastructure grant covered $223,000 — over 61% — of the $365,000 total project cost, significantly reducing the CWSRF loan needed to just $134,000. This layered financing approach kept the project affordable for a 249-person community with a very limited rate base. The combination of state grant and CWSRF loan financing is a model for how small Kansas communities can address critical infrastructure needs without imposing unaffordable costs on ratepayers.
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Region 7 | IA, KS, MO, and NE
MISSOURI PROJECT 1 City of Springfield Collection System Improvements 2 — Groups 6 and 7 Springfield, MO Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
The City of Springfield operates an aging sewer collection system with approximately 2.8 million feet of sewer lines serving 600,000 residents in Greene County. In 2012, the city prepared an Overflow Control Plan (OCP) as a requirement of its Amended Consent Judgment with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, committing to $200,000,000 in wastewater-related improvements to control sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs) during wet-weather events, reduce inflow and infiltration (I/I), and address aging infrastructure. The OCP targets water quality improvements for Wilsons Creek and Little Sac River, and the protection of public health throughout the region.
Reducing I/I in the collection system decreases the volume of extraneous water entering the sewer during wet weather, lowering the risk of sanitary sewer overflow SSO events that discharge untreated sewage into Wilsons Creek and the Little Sac River. CIPP lining restores pipe structural integrity without the surface disruption and cost of open-cut replacement, enabling Springfield to address a large linear footage of deficient sewer efficiently. This phase is one component of a long-term $200,000,000 program that is systematically improving collection system performance across the city.
The Project This phase (Groups 6 and 7) involves rehabilitation of approximately 112,886 linear feet of Springfield’s existing collection system using cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining technology — a trenchless method that restores structural integrity and reduces I/I without excavation. The city applied for Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) funding in March 2021 and was awarded a $4,877,000 loan and $1,500,000 Water Quality Incentive Grant in August 2023. Construction was completed in April 2025. The Missouri Department of Natural Resources continues to work with Springfield on additional State Revolving Fund (SRF) financing for future OCP phases.
Financial Impact The $4,877,000 CWSRF loan at 1.24% interest combined with a $1,500,000 Water Quality Incentive Grant delivers total savings of approximately $3,030,236 for Springfield ratepayers — $1,500,000 in principal savings from the grant and approximately $1,530,236 in interest savings over the 20-year loan term compared to marketrate financing. These savings are particularly significant for a city managing a $200,000,000 infrastructure program across multiple phases, where the cumulative benefit of below-market SRF financing compounds with each successive loan.
Steam vents from a manhole during cured-in-place pipe lining installation in a residential neighborhood.
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PROJECT 2 City of Pineville Water System Improvements — Radionuclide Treatment, Storage, and Distribution Springfield, MO Background The City of Pineville, a small community of 798 residents in McDonald County in southwest Missouri, relied on two wells for its raw water supply. In 2019, the Mountain Ridge well had to be inactivated due to high radionuclide levels — a serious public health concern, as radionuclides in drinking water are associated with increased cancer risk. A booster pump was added to maintain system pressures, but the inactivation left the city dependent on a single active well, creating a critical supply vulnerability. Low pressure issues throughout the system further compromised service reliability. The Project The project restored the Mountain Ridge well to service by installing Water Remediation Technology to address radionuclide removal at the well. A new 200,000-gallon water storage tank was constructed to address the low pressure issues in the affected area — allowing the temporary booster pump station to be removed. Distribution system improvements added looping to further improve pressure throughout the system. Total project funding was $2,558,383, consisting of a $1,781,100 Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) grant, a $594,000 DWSRF loan, and $183,283 from other sources. Environmental And Public Health Impact Restoring the Mountain Ridge well to service with radionuclide treatment eliminates an ongoing public health risk and returns Pineville’s water supply to a two-well system — restoring redundancy and resilience. Radionuclides in drinking water are associated with cancer risk, and their removal brings the city into full compliance with Safe Drinking Water Act standards. The new storage tank and distribution looping improvements ensure adequate pressure and flow reliability for all 798 residents, addressing longstanding service deficiencies.
The newly constructed Pineville water storage tower rises above the tree line.
Financial Impact The $1,781,100 DWSRF grant covered 70% of the project cost, with a $594,000 loan financing the remainder. The grant and loan combination is estimated to save Pineville ratepayers $1,781,100 in principal and approximately $204,000 in interest costs over the 20year loan term — making a $2,500,000 infrastructure investment
affordable for a community of 798 residents. Without the DWSRF grant, the cost of radionuclide treatment, storage, and distribution improvements would have been completely unaffordable for a small Missouri town with a very limited rate base.
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Region 7 | IA, KS, MO, and NE
NEBRASKA PROJECT 1 David City Water Treatment Plant Upgrades David City, NE
The David City Water Treatment Plant following construction with new site improvements and additions.
Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
The City of David City operates a water treatment plant originally constructed nearly 40 years ago. Over time, aging infrastructure — including aerators, filters, and backwash systems — approached the end of its useful service life, and the facility’s ability to reliably meet current and future treatment demands diminished. The City identified a comprehensive modernization as the appropriate path forward rather than pursuing incremental repairs that would only defer larger capital investment. Working with engineering consultant JEO Consulting Group, David City developed a scope of improvements designed to extend the facility’s operational life by more than 20 years while upgrading treatment capability to meet both current regulatory standards and projected long-term demand.
The modernized water treatment plant improves drinking water quality and treatment reliability for David City residents. The CCRO system provides an advanced barrier against contaminants while operating at higher efficiency than conventional treatment alternatives, reducing the volume of reject water discharged and minimizing the facility’s environmental footprint. By extending the plant’s operational life by more than 20 years, the project avoids the environmental and financial costs of a full facility replacement and ensures continued safe drinking water service to the community for the long term.
The Project The project modernized the David City water treatment plant through a series of targeted infrastructure upgrades. The centerpiece is the installation of Nebraska’s first municipal closed circuit reverse osmosis (CCRO) system — an advanced treatment technology that improves water recovery rates compared to conventional reverse osmosis systems, reducing waste and lowering long-term operating costs. Additional improvements included upgrades to aerators and filters, construction of a new intermediate clearwell and pump building, improvements to backwash tanks, and facility security enhancements. Together, the upgrades position the water treatment plant to reliably serve the community for decades to come and earned the project a 2026 Honor Award and Category Winner recognition in the Water and Wastewater category from the American Council of Engineering Companies of Nebraska.
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Financial Impact The project was financed through the Nebraska Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) program, administered by the Nebraska Department of Environment and Energy. The financing package included more than $6,300,000 in loan forgiveness, substantially reducing the long-term debt burden on the City and its ratepayers. The DWSRF’s below-market financing terms made a comprehensive, multi-component modernization financially achievable for a small community that might otherwise have faced difficult tradeoffs between project scope and affordability.
Region 8 | CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, and WY
COLORADO PROJECT 1 Cheraw Radium Treatment and Water Storage Tank Replacement Cheraw, CO Background The Town of Cheraw is a small, disadvantaged community in Otero County, southeastern Colorado. The town’s raw water supply contained high levels of radium — a naturally occurring radioactive element that poses serious cancer risks with long-term exposure and requires treatment to meet Safe Drinking Water Act maximum contaminant levels (MCLs). In addition to the radium compliance issue, the existing water storage tank was failing, creating reliability concerns for the community’s ability to adequately store and supply potable water to residents. The Project The Colorado State Revolving Fund (SRF) Program awarded the Town of Cheraw $2,280,200 in funding to update the treatment plant to address radium and replace the failing water storage tank with a new elevated potable water storage tank. The project was completed in 2024. As a result of the treatment plant updates, radium levels in the treated water supply have decreased below the regulatory MCL, bringing the town into full compliance with Safe Drinking Water Act standards. Environmental And Public Health Impact Reducing radium in Cheraw’s drinking water below the MCL eliminates an ongoing cancer risk for the community’s residents. The new elevated storage tank ensures the town can adequately meet its water storage and usage needs reliably — addressing a system vulnerability that posed both operational and public health risks. Together, the treatment and storage improvements deliver a comprehensive upgrade to the safety and reliability of Cheraw’s drinking water system.
The newly rehabilitated Cheraw elevated water storage tank.
Financial Impact The $2,280,200 funding package included $1,693,360 in principal forgiveness — 74.3% of the total — reflecting Cheraw’s status as a small, disadvantaged community. The SRF financing structure made this project possible without placing a financial burden on the community. Without the SRF program and its principal forgiveness, the cost of radium treatment and tank replacement would have been unaffordable for a small disadvantaged town with limited rate base and debt capacity.
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Region 8 | CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, and WY
COLORADO PROJECT 2 Town of Yampa Collection System Improvements Yampa, CO Background The Town of Yampa, in Routt County in northwestern Colorado, needed to improve its outdated wastewater treatment works to meet regulatory standards and protect local water quality. The total project cost was $4,500,000 — a significant burden for a small mountain community concerned about the impact of necessary utility rate increases on residents. Working closely with the Colorado State Revolving Fund (SRF) division, the town explored options to structure the project in a way that would maximize available subsidies and minimize rate impacts.
increases that the community had feared would be unavoidable under a single-source approach. This project demonstrates how collaborative engagement between an SRF program and a small community can produce creative financing solutions that protect both ratepayers and water quality.
The Project Rather than pursuing the entire $4,500,000 project under a single funding source, Yampa and the SRF division developed an innovative split-funding strategy: separating the collection system improvements and the treatment system upgrades into two distinct projects, each seeking separate funding sources. The Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) funded the collection system improvements. This structure allowed the town to leverage principal forgiveness opportunities available from both funding sources independently — maximizing subsidy while maintaining access to a design and engineering assistance grant through the town’s disadvantaged community designation. Environmental Protection Agency recognized this project through its PISCES recognition program. Environmental And Public Health Impact The collection system improvements address aging infrastructure that threatened local water quality and regulatory compliance. The split-project approach ensured that both the collection system and the treatment system received the full benefit of targeted SRF and alternative funding tools — delivering comprehensive wastewater infrastructure improvements while protecting local waterways. The Colorado division has applied lessons learned from Yampa’s largescale watershed restoration approach to other state projects. Financial Impact The innovative split-funding structure is the defining achievement of this project. By separating the $4,500,000 project into two components — each eligible for distinct forgiveness opportunities — Yampa maximized total subsidy and avoided the utility rate
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Workers access a manhole with a ladder and flexible hose during collection system improvement work. Open manhole during wastewater collection system inspection work.
PROJECT 3 Town of Wellington Water Treatment Plant Expansion Wellington, CO Background The Town of Wellington in Larimer County, northern Colorado, faced growing water supply demands that its existing 2 million gallon per day (MGD) water treatment plant could no longer meet. Expanding treatment capacity was necessary to ensure compliance with the Safe Drinking Water Act for the town’s current and projected population, and to maintain reliable drinking water service as Wellington continued to grow. The Project The Colorado State Revolving Fund (SRF) provided $24,800,000 to fund a comprehensive treatment plant expansion that more than doubled capacity from 2 MGD to 4.2 MGD. The project constructed three new buildings: a 15,352 square foot treatment building housing two treatment trains, a pipe gallery, equipment room, and observation decks; a 3,023 square foot chemical building with eight chemical storage tanks in concrete containment, chemical feed equipment, and mechanical and electrical rooms; and a 1,998 square foot ozone building on a two-level concrete foundation housing ozone generation and injection equipment. The
project involved approximately 160,000 man-hours of work, over 9,000 linear feet of new piping, and over 680,000 pounds of rebar. Environmental And Public Health Impact Doubling Wellington’s treatment capacity ensures the community can continue meeting Safe Drinking Water Act standards as its population grows. The addition of ozone treatment provides an advanced disinfection step that improves pathogen reduction and can address emerging contaminants. The expanded chemical treatment capabilities ensure consistent water quality across the full range of source water conditions Wellington may encounter. Financial Impact The $24,800,000 SRF loan made this project possible for a growing Colorado community. The scale and complexity of the expansion — three new buildings, 160,000 man-hours, 680,000 pounds of rebar — required the kind of low-cost, long-term financing that only the SRF program provides, enabling Wellington to invest in the infrastructure its growth demands without compromising affordability for existing ratepayers.
Interior view of the new treatment building showing two parallel treatment train basins with walkways and equipment. Ozone generation and injection equipment inside the new ozone building. Chemical storage tanks and feed equipment inside the new chemical building. Aerial view of the completed Wellington Water Treatment Plant expansion site, with two new ground storage tanks, treatment buildings, and the adjacent reservoir.
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Region 8 | CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, and WY
MONTANA PROJECT 1 Denton Wastewater System Upgrades Denton, MT Background The Town of Denton’s wastewater collection system consists largely of aging clay tile pipe. An infiltration and inflow (I/I) investigation conducted by Denton and Core Engineering Solutions identified extensive cracking and groundwater infiltration in the North Alley sewer main. The Town of Denton’s existing three-cell facultative lagoon treatment system also had torn liners that allowed leakage into the ground, threatening groundwater resources, along with eroded embankments in need of rehabilitation. The treatment system lacked a disinfection process and had experienced multiple discharge permit violations for both percent removal and pathogens over several years. The Montana Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) issued an Administrative Order on Consent requiring Denton to address these deficiencies. Without upgrades, Denton faced continued permit violations, enforcement actions, fines, and lost economic opportunities. The Project Planning began in fall 2021 with submission of a Preliminary Engineering Report for funding consideration. The I&I investigation conducted during planning confirmed that the North Alley trunk sewer main required rehabilitation or replacement to reduce clear water flows into the treatment system. The final project scope included removal of sludge from the existing lagoon cells, replacement of the North Alley sewer trunk main, rehabilitation of the three-cell facultative pond treatment system (including embankment repairs and installation of a new synthetic liner), construction of new interconnect piping and control valving, installation of new automated influent and effluent flow monitoring structures, and construction of a new ultraviolet (UV) disinfection
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system. Final design received approval from MDEQ and the State Revolving Fund (SRF). The project was bid in two parts: sludge removal and disposal, and collection/treatment system upgrades. Combined, the two contracts totaled $3,543,930.99. Denton implemented its third rate increase since planning began to support the required SRF loan repayment. Sludge removal was completed in August 2024, and construction of the collection/treatment system upgrades began in May 2025. The Certificate of Substantial Completion was issued January 12, 2026, with the startup of the new UV disinfection system planned for late spring/early summer 2026 once lagoon water levels reach discharge depth. Environmental And Public Health Impact The upgraded system ensures effluent discharged to Wolf Creek meets or exceeds the Town’s discharge permit parameters. New synthetic lagoon liners have eliminated leakage from the lagoon cells, removing the risk of groundwater contamination from undertreated wastewater. The new UV disinfection system addresses previously unmitigated pathogen risks, and new interconnect piping and control structures improve operational safety and efficiency for Town operators. Financial Impact Total project cost was $4,565,198, funded through a combination of sources: $987,000 in a Montana Clean Water SRF loan, $800,000 in SRF loan forgiveness, a $500,000 Montana Coal Endowment Program grant, a $125,000 Renewable Resource Grant and Loan program grant, and $2,093,671 in American Rescue Plan Act grant funding. The project maintained its contingency budget well, using $44,742.93 of the original $200,627 contingency and leaving $155,884.07 unspent at Substantial Completion.
PROJECT 2 West Yellowstone Wastewater Treatment Facility West Yellowstone, MT Background West Yellowstone’s wastewater was treated by an aging three-cell aerated lagoon system that had reached hydraulic capacity, was experiencing excessive sludge accumulation, and had several damaged and failing components — including blooms of purple sulfur bacteria caused by high wastewater loads and insufficient aeration. The system’s decreased reliability and operability negatively impacted treatment performance and forced the Town to issue a moratorium on new development, hindering economic growth in the area. Located near one of the main entrances to Yellowstone National Park, West Yellowstone experiences dramatic seasonal population swings, drawing large numbers of tourists and temporary residents during the summer months. These fluctuations, combined with the town’s harsh winter climate and remote location, posed unique challenges for planning and designing a replacement facility. The Project
equipment during winter months. A backup power generator ensures treatment continues during electrical outages. The new facility has a design average flow capacity of 1.5 million gallons per day and will serve an equivalent population of 20,600 people. Construction began in spring 2024, and the project is currently in the final stages of start-up. Environmental And Public Health Impact The new facility resolves the reliability and capacity failures of the old lagoon system, restoring consistent, effective wastewater treatment for a town whose population swings dramatically with tourism tied to Yellowstone National Park. Enhanced biological nutrient removal improves the quality of treated effluent discharged to groundwater, while the enclosed, climate-controlled building design ensures stable treatment performance through West Yellowstone’s harsh winters. Lifting the development moratorium tied to the old system’s capacity constraints also supports continued economic development in the area.
The Montana Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) Financial Impact program provided financial and technical assistance to the Town Total project costs, including administration, engineering, and of West Yellowstone for the design and construction of a new construction, are approximately $38,500,000, with the CWSRF mechanical wastewater treatment facility. The new plant includes program contributing over $33,700,000. a headworks facility with screening and grit removal, biological treatment basins with aeration cycling for enhanced carbon and nitrogen removal, secondary clarifiers, and aerobic digesters. The facility consists of two parallel treatment trains with four aerated basins that turn aeration on and off throughout the process to provide nitrification and denitrification for enhanced biological nutrient removal — a system that required approximately 4,000 cubic yards of concrete for the basin floor slabs. Biosolids generated during treatment will be dewatered and disposed of in a landfill, and treated effluent will be discharged to groundwater via the Town’s existing infiltration/percolation bed system under its Montana Ground Water Pollution Control System permit. The entire treatment process is housed within a 250-foot by 120-foot American Iron and Steel-compliant metal building, improving operator access for maintenance and sampling while preventing freezing of the treatment basins and mechanical Treatment basin wall construction.
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Region 8 | CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, and WY
MONTANA
PROJECT 3 West Side Transmission Main and Water Distribution System Replacement Dillon, MT Background The City of Dillon’s west side water supply system dates back to the early 1900s, with two 10-inch cast iron transmission pipelines installed in 1948 alongside a bridge crossing the Beaverhead River. These pipelines were installed with minimal cover over agricultural fields, leaving them exposed at multiple points and vulnerable to sinkholes, with the pipes fully exposed within the covered bridge structure and at both ends. The aging, exposed pipelines were at risk of leakage and catastrophic rupture, threatening both the community’s fire protection capacity and its west side water supply. Compounding this risk, aging portions of the broader water distribution system were contributing to a 34% rate of unaccountedfor water loss from leaking mains and service lines. The Project The city replaced its two existing 10-inch cast iron water transmission pipelines with a new 18-inch high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipeline, running from near the existing supply wells to the connection point within the county fairgrounds. The work required horizontal jack-and-bore crossings beneath the Beaverhead River, Interstate 15, and a small stream, with the existing pipelines decommissioned and plugged. While the jack-and-bore crossings under I-15 and the stream went smoothly, the river crossing hit a mass of rock that destroyed the original casing; the crew adapted by using the partially completed casing as a conduit to install a smaller second casing, through which the 18-inch HDPE carrier pipe was ultimately pulled — a solution that required additional permitting and cost to resolve. Separately,
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the project also replaced approximately 7,000 linear feet of nearly 100-year-old water distribution pipelines in downtown Dillon, including new water mains, valves, service lines, curb stops, and fire hydrants. This work also surfaced numerous previously unknown service lines, which were identified and fitted with new curb stops. Environmental And Public Health Impact Replacing the critical west side transmission main protects the Beaverhead River — a blue-ribbon trout stream — from the risk of a catastrophic leak of chlorinated water. Reducing system-wide water loss also cuts the volume of chlorinated water introduced into groundwater and reduces the electricity required to pump water from the aquifer. The project further supports restoration of riparian and wetland areas that had been affected by the previously exposed pipeline’s disruption of natural drainage patterns. Financial Impact Total project cost was $5,775,993.26, funded through a combination of $2,555,229 in State Revolving Fund financing, $1,179,589 in American Rescue Plan Act Competitive Grant funds, $723,832 in ARPA Minimum Allocation Grant funds, $291,311 in ARPA MAG Beaverhead County Transfer funds, $864,767 from the City of Dillon, $500,000 in Treasure State Endowment Program funding, $125,000 from the Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation Renewable Resource Grant and Loan program, and $3,350 from City of Dillon Water Research and Development funds.
“Replacing the critical west side transmission main protects the Beaverhead River — a blue-ribbon trout stream — from the risk of a catastrophic leak of chlorinated water.”
Region 8 | CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, and WY
NORTH DAKOTA PROJECT 1 City of Strasburg Wastewater Treatment Facility Strasburg, ND
Aerial view of a completed wastewater lagoon cell filled with water, with gravel-lined berms and surrounding wetland landscape.
Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
The City of Strasburg had long operated a wastewater system that discharged directly into an adjacent 90-acre lake —a practice that violated modern Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and North Dakota Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) standards. The city had been grandfathered under the old standards but was required to come into compliance once a funded project could be completed. The existing system posed an ongoing environmental risk to the lake and the surrounding wetland areas, and constructing a proper wastewater treatment facility became a regulatory and public health imperative for this small rural community.
The new facultative lagoon system eliminates direct wastewater discharge into the adjacent lake, bringing Strasburg into full compliance with North Dakota DEQ and EPA standards. The 540day treatment cycle provides thorough biological treatment before any discharge reaches the environment. By replacing a system that was actively degrading a 90-acre lake, the project delivers significant and lasting water quality improvements to a local waterbody and the wetland ecosystem downstream.
The Project Planning began in 2019, with design starting in 2021 and bidding completed in 2022. The project constructed a new 3-cell facultative lagoon system sized to treat Strasburg’s wastewater over a 540-day treatment cycle before discharge into an adjacent wetland — fully replacing the previous lake discharge practice. A 1-mile force main was installed to connect the city to three new lagoon cells constructed 1.5 miles to the east, requiring the movement, compaction, and placement of 100,000 cubic yards of earth. Each lagoon cell is approximately 3 acres in size. The project also included new sanitary sewer infrastructure and lift station modifications. Moore Engineering provided planning, environmental services, design engineering, bidding, surveying, project management, and construction engineering services.
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Financial Impact The $4,271,000 project was funded through a $1,326,000 Clean Water State Revolving Fund loan — eligible for up to 75% loan forgiveness — and a $2,945,000 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers grant, with the combined loan forgiveness and grant capped at 90% of total project costs. This financing structure ensured that Strasburg, a small rural community with limited financial capacity, could undertake a comprehensive wastewater compliance project without bearing the full cost burden. The 90% funding package is a strong example of how layered state, federal, and State Revolving Fund financing can make critical infrastructure investments achievable for small communities.
Aerial view of two wastewater lagoon cells under construction. A tractor and land plane grade the floor of a lagoon cell during construction
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Region 8 | CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, and WY
SOUTH DAKOTA PROJECT 1 Consolidation of Town of Raymond with Clark Rural Water System Raymond, SD Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
The Town of Raymond, with a population of just 53, operated its own public drinking water system but faced the reality that small communities increasingly struggle to maintain the technical, financial, and managerial capacity required for system ownership. Raymond needed distribution system upgrades regardless of what happened with long-term ownership — but completing those upgrades only to continue bearing full operational responsibility would have left the community in an ongoing vulnerable position. System consolidation with the neighboring Clark Rural Water System offered a path to both needed infrastructure improvements and long-term operational sustainability.
Consolidating Raymond with Clark RWS ensures that the town’s 53 residents have access to safe, reliably operated drinking water managed by a utility whose primary business is operating a water system. Small, isolated water systems face the greatest risk of technical and financial failure — consolidation is one of the most effective tools for ensuring long-term safe water delivery to small communities. Raymond residents no longer bear the operational and regulatory burden of system ownership, and the distribution system upgrades ensure the infrastructure meets current standards.
The Project In September 2023, South Dakota provided a $610,000 Drinking Water State Revolving Fund loan to Clark Rural Water System (RWS) to complete upgrades to Raymond’s drinking water distribution system and assume full ownership and operation at project completion. Clark RWS was the applicant and responsible party for any debt, with repayment obligations passed through to Raymond’s users. Construction began in August 2024 following completion of all environmental review and design, and was completed in late November 2024. Raymond is now fully served as individual users of Clark RWS — no longer responsible for owning or managing a public water system.
Financial Impact The $610,000 loan included $485,000 in principal forgiveness (79.6%), leaving a net loan of $125,000 to be repaid. The disadvantaged community rate of 2.75% for 30 years — versus the standard 3.25% — provided additional savings. Raymond users pay $74.80 per month for 5,000 gallons of usage, including $14.80 for debt service. While slightly higher than comparable communities at the time, this rate is offset by the elimination of all operation and maintenance costs previously borne by the town — representing significant ongoing savings for a 53-person community that no longer needs to manage its own utility.
“Raymond residents no longer bear the operational and regulatory burden of system ownership, and the distribution system upgrades ensure the infrastructure meets current standards.”
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PROJECT 2 Sioux Falls Regional Water Reclamation Facility Expansion Sioux Falls, SD
L to R: Early-stage construction at the Sioux Falls Regional Water Reclamation Facility expansion site, with foundation work underway for new treatment structures and a crane on site.
Background The City of Sioux Falls operates a regional water reclamation facility that serves not only the city but also Brandon, Tea, Renner Sanitary District, and several surrounding residential developments — a total service population approaching 250,000, along with significant industrial and commercial users. The original plant was constructed in the 1980s with an average day capacity of 21 million gallons per day (MGD). A 2018 wastewater masterplan identified rehabilitation and capacity expansion as a major need to meet current and projected regional demand and maintain compliance with discharge permit limits. The Project The $215,000,000 expansion project was financed through three Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) loans totaling $183,125,000 awarded from 2019 through 2021, supplemented by state and local American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) funds. The project utilized a Construction Manager at Risk (CMAR) delivery method, enabling multiple smaller bid packages to proceed concurrently and minimizing construction delays and cost conflicts. Key improvements included: headworks expansion from 21 to 30.1 MGD (with wet weather peak capacity of 60 MGD); addition of three aeration basins and new return activated sludge pumps; replacement of outdated blowers with high-efficiency units; expansion of final clarifiers from 4 to 8; enlargement of the chlorine
contact basin for disinfection at higher flows; and thickening building upgrades to extend digester equipment life. Construction began in September 2021 and was fully complete in October 2025. Environmental And Public Health Impact The expansion ensures that Sioux Falls and its regional partners can continue to meet discharge permit limits as the service population approaches and exceeds 250,000. Increased headworks capacity handles wet weather peaks up to 60 MGD, reducing the risk of treatment bypass events. High-efficiency blowers improve treatment performance while reducing energy consumption. The expanded chlorine contact basin ensures adequate disinfection contact time at higher flows, protecting the receiving waterway and downstream communities. Financial Impact Financing $183,000,000 of a $215,000,000 project through three CWSRF loans spread over multiple years allowed Sioux Falls to manage rate impacts incrementally during construction rather than front-loading the cost burden on ratepayers. As costs increased above initial projections due to inflation, ARPA grant funds helped close the gap without requiring additional borrowing. The CMAR delivery method also reduced cost risk by identifying and resolving design conflicts before construction — a procurement innovation made more practical by the longer project timeline that CWSRF multi-loan financing made possible.
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Region 8 | CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, and WY
WYOMING PROJECT 1 Town of Hanna Old Town Water System Rehabilitation — Phase II Hanna, WY Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
The Town of Hanna, Wyoming, has a population of approximately 840 residents in a community whose economy is heavily tied to mineral mining and processing. The Old Town neighborhood’s water distribution system consisted almost entirely of 4-inch pipe of mixed materials — including cast iron and lead-jointed pipe — that was chronically undersized, severely corroded, and prone to frequent breaks and leaks requiring constant maintenance. The aging infrastructure had long outlived its useful life and could no longer reliably serve the neighborhood.
Removing lead-jointed cast iron pipe from the distribution system eliminates a potential source of lead exposure in Hanna’s drinking water. The corroded, frequently leaking mains posed risks both to water quality — through contamination entry at break points — and to public safety through inadequate fire flow capacity from undersized 4-inch mains. The new 8-inch PVC system provides modern, reliable water service for the Old Town neighborhood for the next 30+ years, ending the cycle of frequent emergency repairs that disrupted service and stressed the town’s maintenance resources.
The Project Phase II of the Old Town Water System Rehabilitation replaced the distribution system in one neighborhood, installing 4,130 linear feet of predominantly 8-inch polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe serving 56 taps. The upsizing from 4-inch to 8-inch mains doubles the pipe diameter, dramatically improving hydraulic capacity, pressure, and fire flow capability throughout the neighborhood. The new mains are projected to last at least 30 years. Total project cost was $2,946,587, funded through a $2,030,080 Abandoned Mine Lands (AML) Division grant from the Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality and a $406,000 Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) loan with 50% principal forgiveness.
Financial Impact The $2,946,587 project was funded primarily through a $2,030,080 AML grant — reflecting the federal commitment to addressing infrastructure impacts in communities with histories of mineral extraction — supplemented by a $406,000 DWSRF loan with 50% principal forgiveness, leaving $203,000 as repayable debt. For an 840-person community heavily dependent on the mining economy, the combination of AML grant and DWSRF forgiveness made a nearly $3,000,000 distribution system replacement affordable with minimal long-term debt burden on Hanna ratepayers.
L to R: Excavated lead-jointed cast iron service connections and distribution pipe removed from the roadway during distribution system replacement. Severely corroded lead-jointed cast iron pipe section removed from the Hanna Old Town distribution system during Phase II rehabilitation
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Region 9 | AZ, CA, HI, and NV
ARIZONA PROJECT 1 Rio de Flag Stormwater and Flood Control Improvements Flagstaff, AZ
L to R: Open floodplain area within the Rio de Flag project corridor, part of the land being evaluated during the project’s real estate acquisition phase. Existing drainage channel within the project area
Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
The City of Flagstaff faces chronic flooding in vulnerable neighborhoods — particularly the Southside community — driven by inadequate stormwater channel capacity. The area is also exposed to wildfire-related flood events, compounding the risk to residential, commercial, and historic properties. The Rio de Flag Flood Control Project is a 20+ year, $122,000,000 partnership between the City of Flagstaff and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to address these longstanding infrastructure deficiencies.
The project protects residential, commercial, and historic areas from major flood events, reducing property damage and public safety risks. Environmental restoration components — including landscaping and re-vegetation — improve the ecological function of urban waterways. The project also reduces Federal Emergency Management Agency floodplain designations, lowering insurance premiums and stabilizing housing affordability in wildfire and flood-prone neighborhoods.
The Project
Financial Impact
The project increases stormwater channel capacity and constructs both surface and underground flood control infrastructure to protect vulnerable neighborhoods from 100-year storm and wildfirerelated flood events. The project is currently in final design and real estate acquisition stages. Water Infrastructure Financing Authority (WIFA) $20,000,000 in State Revolving Fund (SRF) assistance provides essential non-federal match funding and cash flow flexibility to keep this life-saving infrastructure moving forward. The project also includes utility relocations, street reconstructions, and re-vegetation of urban waterways.
WIFA provided $20,000,000 in Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) assistance, including $1,000,000 in forgivable principal. The loan closed on April 21, 2022. The (SRF) funding serves as the critical non-federal match for a project in which federal funding accounts for nearly 65% of the total $122,000,000 cost. Without SRF assistance, the City would have difficulty leveraging this federal investment.
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Region 9 | AZ, CA, HI, and NV
ARIZONA PROJECT 2 Yavapai-Apache Nation Middle Verde Water Reclamation Facility Yavapai-Apache Nation, Camp Verde, AZ Environmental And Public Health Impact The new facility mitigates the risk of lagoon leakage near the Verde River, preserving a critical watershed. Class A+ reclaimed water output supports Tribal farming operations, providing a sustainable agricultural water source. The project delivers equitable infrastructure investment to a federally recognized Tribal Nation, supporting local self-determination and long-term community resilience. Financial Impact The Clean Water State Revolving Fund provided $16,304,494 in financing — covering the full project cost — including $1,650,000 in forgivable principal. The loan closed on September 20, 2023. For a Tribal government of this size, State Revolving Fund financing represents the only viable path to affordable capital for a project of this scale, providing both low-interest funding and technical assistance for federal compliance.
Close-up view of reinforcement steel and formwork during construction of the new membrane bioreactor treatment structure.
Background The Yavapai-Apache Nation relies on an aging lagoon wastewater treatment system to serve all residents, government facilities, and businesses within the Nation. Located just 750 feet from the Verde River — an ecologically sensitive and culturally significant waterway — the current system poses a public health and environmental risk through potential lagoon leakage and inadequate treatment capacity. The Project This project replaces the aging lagoon system with a modern, sustainable membrane bioreactor system. The new Middle Verde Water Reclamation Facility will produce Class A+ reclaimed water, which the Nation plans to use to irrigate Tribal farms — closing the loop on water reuse and sustainability. The project serves over 1,200 residents and major community facilities including a hotelcasino and cultural center.
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Rebar formwork for new treatment structures under construction at the Middle Verde Water Reclamation Facility site.
PROJECT 3 American Indian Christian Mission Well Show Low, AZ Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
The American Indian Christian Mission, a small boarding school campus in Show Low, Arizona, has relied on a single well drilled in 1974 as its sole water source. After nearly five decades of use, production from the well had declined significantly, putting the health and safe operation of the campus at serious risk.
The project restores reliable drinking water access for a campus serving Indigenous youth and staff. Energy-efficient pumping equipment reduces power consumption, and rapid leak detection through remote monitoring conserves water and prevents loss of pressure — important safeguards for a sole-source system in a rural setting.
The Project The project funded the construction of a new well, installation of energy-efficient multistage pumps, and a remote monitoring system to detect leaks and reduce water loss. The new well restores safe, consistent water access for students, staff, and facilities while providing system redundancy that allows for well maintenance without requiring water hauling or emergency shutdowns.
Financial Impact The Drinking Water State Revolving Fund provided $250,000 in fully forgivable financing, closing on February 15, 2023. For small, rural systems serving Indigenous communities, fully forgivable State Revolving Fund assistance is often the only viable path to critical infrastructure upgrades. Without this funding, the Mission would have faced the prospect of operating an unsafe system or curtailing essential campus services.
Project sign at the American Indian Christian Mission Well site.
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Region 9 | AZ, CA, HI, and NV
CALIFORNIA PROJECT 1 Antioch Brackish Water Desalination Plant Antioch, CA
Multiple reverse osmosis membrane arrays and high-pressure pump systems on the treatment floor of the Antioch Brackish Water Desalination Plant.
Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
The City of Antioch serves more than 112,000 residents in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta region, relying on the San Joaquin River and purchased water from the Contra Costa Water District for its water supply. Rising salinity levels in the river over recent years have steadily forced the city to purchase more water from the district at higher cost. During drought periods, this dependency creates both reliability and affordability challenges for residents and local government. The city identified brackish water desalination as a cost-effective, locally controlled solution to reduce that dependency and strengthen long-term water security.
The plant enables Antioch to treat San Joaquin River water yearround, including during periods of elevated salinity that previously made the water unusable. By reducing dependence on purchased water, the city gains greater operational flexibility and drought resilience. Brackish desalination uses less than half the energy of seawater desalination and produces approximately one-quarter of the waste, making it a more sustainable technology for inland communities. The project aligns with Governor Newsom’s Water Supply Strategy, which aims to address an anticipated 10% reduction in California’s water supply by 2040.
The Project
Financial Impact
The Antioch Brackish Water Desalination Plant is a $116,000,000 facility constructed near the city’s existing water treatment plant at 401 Putnam Street. The plant uses a microfiltration/ultrafiltration system for pre-treatment and a two-stage reverse osmosis system to remove salt from brackish San Joaquin River water. The facility can produce up to 6 million gallons of drinking water per day — enough to account for up to 40% of the city’s drinking water supply annually and up to half during certain months. The plant celebrated its grand opening on September 15, 2025. It is the first desalination facility in the California Delta and the eighth brackish desalination plant operating in the state.
The Drinking Water State Revolving Fund provided (DWSRF) a $60,000,000 low-interest loan — the primary financing mechanism for the $116,000,000 project. The California Department of Water Resources contributed an additional $10,000,000 grant through its Water Desalination Grant Program, funded through Proposition 1. The DWSRF loan made the project financially viable for a city that would otherwise have faced significant barriers to assembling over $100,000,000 in infrastructure financing. Once fully operational, the plant is projected to reduce the city’s reliance on more expensive purchased water, generating long-term cost savings for Antioch ratepayers.
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A project team tours the Antioch Brackish Water Desalination Plant intake and conveyance area along the San Joaquin River.
An ultrafiltration membrane module on display inside the Antioch Brackish Water Desalination Plant, showing the 40-module, 10,000-fiber pre-treatment system.
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Region 9 | AZ, CA, HI, and NV
CALIFORNIA
Project 2 Membrane Filtration Reverse Osmosis (MFRO) Facility City of Escondido, California Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
Escondido faced constraints from its limited-capacity land outfall and a reliance on potable water for agricultural irrigation, particularly for local avocado and other crop growers. These pressures came against the backdrop of persistent statewide drought conditions in California, which have driven the need to expand water recycling and reduce dependence on imported and potable water supplies.
The facility adds 3,800 acre-feet per year of recycled water for agricultural and landscape irrigation, offsetting the City’s reliance on imported water and reducing pressure on the limited-capacity Escondido Land Outfall. By delivering reliable Title 22 recycled water to local growers, the project improves crop yield and supports economic resilience in the region’s agricultural sector, while advancing California’s long-term water recycling and drought resilience goals.
The Project The City of Escondido developed a Membrane Filtration Reverse Osmosis (MFRO) Facility to produce Title 22 recycled water for agricultural use through advanced treatment. The facility supplies high-quality recycled water for irrigation to local growers, reducing reliance on potable water and relieving pressure on the Escondido Land Outfall. The project aligns with California’s Water Supply Strategy to expand water recycling statewide amid worsening drought conditions. The project was completed on February 5, 2024.
Financial Impact The California Clean Water State Revolving Fund provided $24,000,000 in assistance for the project. The project also delivered an estimated $18,700,000 in ratepayer savings through a combination of grants and low-interest loans.
Water tank.
Reverse osmosis vessels.
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“By delivering reliable Title 22 recycled water to local growers, the project improves crop yield and supports economic resilience in the region’s agricultural sector, while advancing California’s long-term water recycling and drought resilience goals.”
Region 9 | AZ, CA, HI, and NV
HAWAII PROJECT 1 Kipapa Acres Condominium Property Regime System Consolidation Kipapa Acres, HI system was the preferred solution but was considered unfeasible due to the system’s distance from the city main and the challenging terrain of the surrounding area. The Project The start of a large adjacent residential development created an opportunity to make consolidation possible. Multi-year collaborative discussions led by the Hawaii Department of Health and the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) — involving the developer, the municipal water system, and the system owner — produced a workable solution. The DWSRF provided the system owner with a 100% principal forgiveness loan of $543,000 to design, engineer, and construct a 1,000-linear foot 2-inch service line running down a steep gulch to create a metered connection with the municipal system. The connection was completed in 2025, and Kipapa Acres was officially decommissioned as a public water system. Environmental And Public Health Impact
An excavator and crew dig a trench through rocky volcanic soil to install the new service line connecting Kipapa Acres to the municipal water system.
Background Kipapa Acres is a small residential and agricultural community in Central Oahu with a service population of 43. The area has a history of commercial pineapple cultivation, livestock farming, and military use — a combination that led to serious drinking water quality concerns. The system’s source water exceeded the state maximum contaminant level (MCL) for 1,2,3-Trichloropropane (TCP), showed upward-trending nitrate levels, and detected perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS). Adding treatment to address these contaminants would have been costly and unsustainable for the small community. Consolidation with the municipal water
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Residents of Kipapa Acres are now relieved of exposure to TCP, elevated nitrates, and PFOS in their drinking water — contaminants that pose serious long-term health risks. Decommissioning the system eliminates the ongoing burden of treatment and monitoring for a community too small to sustainably manage its own water system. The consolidation also removes a potential source of contaminated groundwater discharge from the area. Financial Impact The DWSRF provided a fully forgiven $543,000 loan, eliminating any repayment burden for the small community. Full principal forgiveness was essential given the community’s limited financial capacity and the unsustainable cost of standalone treatment alternatives. The DWSRF’s facilitation role —bringing together the developer, municipal system, and community owner — was as valuable as the financing itself in making this consolidation possible.
PROJECT 2 Pepeʻekeo Water Association — North Easements Waterline Replacement Pepeʻekeo, HI Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
The Pepe’ekeo Water Association (PWA) serves 74 residential and agricultural parcels in the South Hilo area of Hawaii. The system was identified as a candidate for improvement through the Hawaii DWSRF’s engineering services contract (ESC) program, which funded thorough system assessments for eight privatelyowned water systems using Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) set-aside funds. PWA’s assessment identified a critical need to replace aging polyvinyl chloride (PVC) waterlines that did not meet drinking water standards and were routed through privately-owned agricultural property — creating both compliance and access challenges.
The replacement waterline brings the PWA system into compliance with county code and current drinking water standards. The upgrade to ductile iron pipe improves flow capacity and system reliability, reducing the frequency of waterline breaks and the associated risks of pressure loss and potential contamination intrusion. The re-routing of easements also resolves longstanding access issues that complicated maintenance and emergency repairs.
The Project The project replaced 4,700 linear feet of PVC waterline with 6-inch ductile iron pipe and re-routed sections that had been traversing privately-owned agricultural property. The PVC lines were not suitable for drinking water systems under current standards and were prone to frequent breaks, creating ongoing maintenance burdens and service disruptions for the community. Construction was completed in February 2024.
Financial Impact The DWSRF provided a 100% principal forgiveness loan of $1,100,000, covering the full cost of the project with no repayment obligation for the small disadvantaged borrower. The DWSRF’s earlier investment in the engineering services contract was instrumental in identifying this project and preparing PWA for the loan application process — demonstrating how set-aside funding can build a pipeline of ready, high-impact projects in underserved communities.
(L) An excavator clears and trenches along a roadside easement for new waterline installation. (R) A worker compacts backfill alongside newly laid ductile iron pipe during waterline replacement work along a road easement.
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Region 9 | AZ, CA, HI, and NV
NEVADA PROJECT 1 City of North Las Vegas Well Rehabilitation North Las Vegas, NV Background The City of North Las Vegas Utilities water system relies on a network of groundwater wells as part of its water supply. Four of the city’s five wells became inoperable due to casing failures and sanding problems, leaving the utility critically dependent on a single functioning well. To compensate, the city was forced to purchase additional Colorado River water at a cost of $1,500,000 annually. With Lake Mead water levels in long-term decline due to persistent drought across the desert southwest, continued reliance on purchased Colorado River water posed both a financial and a supply reliability risk. Restoring groundwater production capacity became a strategic priority for the city and the Las Vegas Valley. The Project The project replaced all four failed groundwater wells serving the North Las Vegas Utilities water system. Construction at each site included drilling and installing new gravel-pack wells with stainless steel casing and screen — a durable construction approach suited
to the demanding conditions of desert groundwater systems. The replacement wells restore the system’s full groundwater production capacity and eliminate the single-well vulnerability that had left the utility exposed to supply disruption. Environmental And Public Health Impact Restoring the city’s groundwater production capacity reduces dependence on Colorado River water from Lake Mead — a reservoir experiencing sustained decline due to drought and overallocation. By diversifying and restoring its local supply, North Las Vegas strengthens the long-term resilience of its water system against the climate variability that poses an ongoing threat to water security across the desert southwest. The rehabilitation also eliminates the risk of supply shortfall that arose from operating with only one of five wells functional. Financial Impact Prior to the project, North Las Vegas was spending $1,500,000 annually on purchased Colorado River water to compensate for the loss of four inoperable wells. The State Revolving Fund (SRF) loan financed the well replacement, allowing the city to eliminate that recurring cost and restore local groundwater production. The avoided annual purchase cost represents a significant longterm financial return on the SRF investment, in addition to the supply reliability and climate resilience benefits the restored wells provide.
Active construction zone at the Elster well site, showing site grading, new curbing, and equipment staging during well replacement. Existing well vault with temporary pump and hose connections during well rehabilitation work at the Elster well site. Excavation underway adjacent to the well station building at the Elster well site during well replacement construction. Completed well vault and distribution piping at the rehabilitated Elster well site. New gate valves and distribution header piping installed at the completed Elster well site following well rehabilitation.
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Region 10 | AK, ID, OR, and WA
ALASKA PROJECT 1 Phase 1 HESCO Flood Barrier Juneau, AK Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
The City and Borough of Juneau has experienced glacier lake outburst flood events in the Mendenhall River Valley, posing a significant risk to wastewater infrastructure and public health. Floodwaters carry a range of harmful substances — including home heating oil, sewage, bacteria, household chemicals, and debris — that endanger human health and the environment.
By mitigating flood inundation, the project prevented contamination from harmful substances carried in floodwaters, including sewage, home heating oil, bacteria, and household chemicals. The barriers protected both wastewater infrastructure integrity and the health of surrounding communities.
The Project This project installed HESCO flood barriers to mitigate future anticipated flood events in Juneau’s Mendenhall River Valley. Construction of Phase 1 of the flood barriers was completed prior to the 2025 flood event, providing critical protection to wastewater infrastructure that would otherwise have been vulnerable to flood inundation.
Financial Impact The Alaska State Revolving Fund (SRF) Program issued a $7,830,000 low-interest loan that included $3,915,000 in principal forgiveness — a 50% forgiveness rate. The substantial forgiveness was made possible through modifications to the Disadvantaged Community Criteria during state fiscal year 2025, which recognized the SRF’s potential to assist communities responding to federally declared disasters and emergencies.
An excavator and crew build flood barrier walls along the Mendenhall River Valley.
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Region 10 | AK, ID, OR, and WA
ALASKA PROJECT 2 Swan Lake Loop and Lagoon Loop — Planning and Design Kotzebue, AK Background Kotzebue, with a population of nearly 3,000, is the largest community in the Northwest Arctic Borough and a regional hub for air travel, medical care, and services to surrounding villages. The Swan Lake Water Service Loop was originally constructed in 1990 using 6-inch insulated high-density polyethylene pipe. In February 2024, a mile and a half of the water main loop froze and ruptured, impacting 190 homes and leaving more than 60 without running water and/or sewer service. The Project The Alaska State Revolving Fund Program issued a fully forgiven $2,500,000 loan to allow Kotzebue to prepare a Preliminary Engineering Report (PER) and complete engineering design for the replacement or rehabilitation of both the Swan Lake Loop and Lagoon Loop. The PER investigated and provided recommendations to improve the hydraulic efficiency of the water
loops and reduce the prevalence of emergency repairs caused by the community’s aging infrastructure and difficult Arctic conditions. Environmental And Public Health Impact Aging water system infrastructure in Arctic conditions creates ongoing risks to safe drinking water access and public health. By funding the planning and design phase, this investment lays the groundwork for a long-term solution that will ensure reliable water service for Kotzebue residents and reduce the risk of future system failures. Financial Impact The $2,500,000 loan was fully forgiven, eliminating any repayment burden for the community. This level of subsidy reflects the critical need for water infrastructure investment in remote Alaskan communities with limited financial capacity and the severe consequences of system failures in arctic conditions.
Aerial view of Kotzebue at dusk, showing the community’s residential and utility corridor under winter conditions.
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PROJECT 3 Wrangell Water Treatment Plant Juneau, AK
L to R: Aerial view of the Wrangell Water Treatment Plant construction site during early structural steel installation. Steel structural framing rises above the concrete foundation of the new Wrangell Water Treatment Plant.
Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
Wrangell’s existing slow-sand filtration plant has struggled to keep pace with the community’s water needs. The facility is easily clogged by organic-laden source water and strains to meet peak demand. Additionally, the system does not adequately remove organics, leading to the formation of disinfection by-products that pose risks to drinking water quality.
The new water treatment plant replaces an aging, inadequate facility and ensures Wrangell residents have access to safe, clean drinking water. By properly removing organics and eliminating disinfection by-products, the plant protects public health and brings the community’s water system into compliance with modern drinking water standards.
The Project
Financial Impact
Wrangell assembled over $23,000,000 in funding from multiple sources — including state and federal grants and loans as well as local savings — to design and construct a new water treatment plant. The Alaska State Revolving Fund (SRF) Program issued two loans in support of this effort: a $3,821,000 loan with $500,000 in forgiveness, and a $5,782,000 loan to serve as interim financing required by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Rural Development (USDA) loan and grant program. Construction began during the winter of 2023 and was completed in the summer of 2025.
The Alaska SRF Program provided two loans totaling $9,603,000, with $500,000 in principal forgiveness on the first loan. The second loan served as interim financing for the USDA Rural Development program. Combined with other state, federal, and local funding sources, the SRF loans were instrumental in assembling the over $23,000,000 needed to complete this critical infrastructure project.
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Region 10 | AK, ID, OR, and WA
IDAHO PROJECT 1 City of Chubbuck Water System Improvements Chubbuck, ID Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
The City of Chubbuck faced aging and undersized drinking water infrastructure that limited the system’s ability to meet current and future demand. Key components — including the primary well, booster station, and distribution lines — required evaluation, upsizing, or replacement to ensure reliable water service and adequate fire flow protection for the community.
The improvements ensure that Chubbuck residents have access to a reliable, safe drinking water supply with adequate pressure and storage capacity. The new standby power capability at the booster pump station provides resilience during outages, and the fire flow improvements enhance public safety across the distribution system. The addition of Well #6 diversifies the city’s water supply sources, reducing dependency on a single well.
The Project The project included evaluation and potential upsizing of Well #1, a booster station upgrade, construction of a new Well #6, installation of a 1.5 million gallon storage tank, and construction of a new booster pump station with standby power and disinfection capability. The project also included upsizing of distribution lines and fire flow improvements throughout the system. The loan closed in August 2023.
Financial Impact The Drinking Water State Revolving Fund provided a $9,000,000 loan to finance the comprehensive water system upgrades. State Revolving Fund financing enabled the City of Chubbuck to undertake a multi-component infrastructure investment that would have been difficult to fund through traditional municipal borrowing alone, delivering long-term reliability improvements at a lower cost of capital.
“State Revolving Fund financing enabled the City of Chubbuck to undertake a multi-component infrastructure investment that would have been difficult to fund through traditional municipal borrowing alone, delivering long-term reliability improvements at a lower cost of capital.”
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PROJECT 2 Star Water and Sewer District Wastewater Treatment Expansion Star Water and Sewer District, ID Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
The Star Water and Sewer District serves a growing community in the Treasure Valley region of Idaho. Increasing population and aging infrastructure created capacity and treatment challenges that threatened the district’s ability to maintain reliable wastewater service and meet regulatory requirements. A comprehensive upgrade was needed to modernize the treatment facility and keep pace with growth.
The MBR treatment technology produces high-quality effluent that exceeds conventional treatment standards, improving the quality of water discharged to receiving waterways. The ultraviolet reactor provides chemical-free disinfection, reducing the risk of disinfection byproduct formation. Together, the upgrades ensure the district can serve its growing population while maintaining full regulatory compliance and protecting local water quality.
The Project
Financial Impact
The project constructed a new headworks facility, a new pump station, and a chemical storage building. The treatment capacity was significantly expanded through the addition of two membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment trains and an ultraviolet reactor, along with other related and ancillary improvements to keep the system functioning effectively. The loan closed in October 2023.
The Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) provided a $30,000,000 loan to finance the treatment plant expansion. SRF financing made a major capital investment in advanced treatment technology accessible for a district-level utility, enabling the Star Water and Sewer District to adopt MBR technology — which delivers superior treatment performance — at a cost of capital significantly below market rates.
Aerial view of the Star Water and Sewer District’s treatment plant expansion. Credit to Keller Associates.
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Region 10 | AK, ID, OR, and WA
IDAHO
PROJECT 3 City of Lewiston Wastewater Collection and Treatment Improvements Lewiston, ID Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
The City of Lewiston operates a wastewater collection and treatment system serving a community at the confluence of the Snake and Clearwater rivers. Aging infrastructure, worn system elements, and properties still relying on onsite septic systems presented both operational and environmental challenges. The city identified a need for a comprehensive investment spanning collection system expansion, treatment upgrades, and septic conversion to bring the entire system up to modern standards.
Extending the collection system and converting septic users to centralized sewer eliminates a significant source of nutrient and pathogen loading to groundwater and local waterways near the Snake and Clearwater rivers. Treatment methodology improvements ensure the facility continues to meet discharge permit requirements and protects the water quality of two regionally significant rivers. Removing failing or aging septic systems from the landscape reduces long-term contamination risk for the surrounding area.
The Project The project extended the collection system to bring additional areas under centralized sewer service, improved treatment methodology at the wastewater treatment facility, and replaced worn-out system elements. The project also sponsored the Lewiston 2020 Septic Conversion Project, connecting properties previously relying on onsite septic systems to the municipal sewer system. The loan closed in February 2023.
Financial Impact The Clean Water State Revolving Fund provided a $29,000,000 loan to finance the multi-component project. State Revolving Fund financing enabled Lewiston to bundle collection system expansion, treatment improvements, and the septic conversion program into a single financing package — a more efficient and cost-effective approach than pursuing each component separately through traditional municipal borrowing.
Aerial view of the City of Lewiston’s wastewater treatment facility. Credit to Keller Associates.
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Region 10 | AK, ID, OR, and WA
OREGON PROJECT 1 City of Gold Beach Raw Water Intake, Treatment Plant Improvements, and Water Main Replacement Gold Beach, OR Background
Environmental And Public Health Impact
The City of Gold Beach, on Oregon’s south coast in Curry County, serves 3,000 residents from a water system that had been identified as needing 32 improvements across three phased priorities. The city’s raw water intake, water treatment plant, and an aging section of water main running beneath US Highway 101 along the coast — largely inaccessible for maintenance — were all in need of urgent attention. Gold Beach met Oregon’s affordability criteria and was designated a disadvantaged community, qualifying for the lowest available Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) interest rate.
Upgrading the water treatment plant with modern equipment and SCADA control improves treatment reliability and operational oversight for a coastal community dependent on raw river water intake. Replacing the inaccessible Highway 101 mainline eliminates a critical single point of failure that could not be accessed for emergency repairs. The raw water intake improvements ensure consistent, reliable conveyance of source water to the treatment plant — protecting the continuity of safe drinking water service for Gold Beach’s 3,000 residents.
The Project Phase 1 of Gold Beach’s Water Master Plan addressed three priority components: updating and upgrading the water treatment plant and installing a new Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system; improving the raw water intake with a new pump control building, pumps, controls, and piping from the intake to the water treatment plant; and replacing an aging, largely inaccessible section of mainline running beneath Highway 101. The total project cost was $7,463,437, financed through $5,950,000 in DWSRF funding — including $530,000 in forgivable loan — and $1,513,437 in local contribution.
Financial Impact The DWSRF provided $5,950,000 at 1% interest — versus the 2.4% market rate at the time of award — generating interest savings of approximately $1,365,000 over 30 years. Combined with the $530,000 forgivable loan, total savings for the community are approximately $1,895,000. For a 3,000-person coastal community designated as disadvantaged, this level of subsidy is essential to making a $7,500,000 infrastructure investment manageable without imposing unsustainable rate increases.
L to R: Chemical storage tank set on a new concrete pad inside the water treatment plant building during Phase 1 upgrade. Conduit and piping are installed at Gold Beach’s water treatment plant as part of Phase 1 improvements. New booster pumps, discharge headers, and distribution piping installed inside the upgraded raw water intake pump control building.
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Region 10 | AK, ID, OR, and WA
OREGON
PROJECT 2 Clackamas Soil and Water Conservation District — Local Septic Repair and Water Quality Improvements Loan Program Clackamas County, OR Background Since 2008, the Clackamas Soil and Water Conservation District (CSWCD) has partnered with the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) to improve water quality across Clackamas County. The program uses a CWSRF Local Community Loan (LCL) — a mechanism that routes State Revolving Fund funds through a local organization to reach individual property owners — to support residents, farmers, and ranchers in installing infrastructure and implementing practices to reduce pollution and conserve water. In 2016, the program expanded to include residential septic system repair and replacement, leveraging additional Oregon Septic Financial Assistance Program (OSFAP) and American Rescue Plan Act funding as grants to offset loan costs for those least able to afford repairs. The Project Between 2016 and 2025, the CSWCD program supported over 90 property owners — including 53 septic repair loans and 37 septic grants — protecting the Clackamas and Molalla rivers from nonpoint source contamination. In April 2024, CSWCD initiated a new CWSRF LCL for $500,000, which Oregon CWSRF is working
to expand to $2,000,000 to continue the program through 2026. The expanded funding supports septic repairs, irrigation upgrades, livestock waste improvements, and other conservation projects. The program’s success has attracted interest from other states and counties seeking to replicate the LCL model. Environmental And Public Health Impact Failing septic systems and inadequate agricultural waste management are among the most significant sources of nonpoint source pollution threatening the Clackamas and Molalla rivers — important drinking water sources and ecologically significant waterways. By reaching individual homeowners, farmers, and ranchers who cannot access traditional infrastructure financing, the LCL program addresses pollution at its source across a large rural watershed. Over 90 completed projects represent 90 individual contamination sources eliminated or significantly reduced, delivering cumulative water quality improvements that benefit all downstream users. Financial Impact The CWSRF LCL mechanism demonstrates the program’s ability to reach individual property owners — not just utilities — through a trusted local intermediary. The CSWCD program layers CWSRF LCL funds with U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service grants, OSFAP, and American Rescue Plan Act funding to maximize subsidy for those least able to afford repairs. The model has been recognized as replicable by other states and counties. As repayments return to CSWCD, funds recycle to support additional projects — creating a self-sustaining local revolving fund that extends the reach of every CWSRF dollar invested.
L to R: Crane sets a new septic tank at a residential property during a septic system replacement funded through the Clackamas Soil and Water Conservation District local loan program. Completed septic drainfield with distribution lids installed at a residential property supported through the Clackamas Soil and Water Conservation District local loan program.
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PROJECT 3 Otter Rock Water District Drinking Water System Improvements Otter Rock Water District, Lincoln County, OR Background Otter Rock Water District (ORWD) serves approximately 150 residential connections in the unincorporated coastal community of Otter Rock in Lincoln County, Oregon. A 2018 feasibility study confirmed that much of the system’s infrastructure was well beyond standard life expectancy and showing signs of failure. The system regularly failed to meet water quality standards, generating an increasing number of positive coliform bacteria tests — resulting in a Bilateral Compliance Agreement with the Oregon Health Authority requiring installation of treatment. Additional deficiencies included leaking concrete storage tanks, low pressure zones, non-functioning valves, leaking pipes, and the absence of individual water meters. Oregon Health Authority determined ORWD to be a disadvantaged community. The Project In 2024, ORWD was awarded a Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) loan combining $1,770,000 at 1% interest (30year term) and $680,000 in principal forgiveness — the maximum available under the Base program for a disadvantaged community (DAC) whose rates exceed the program’s affordability threshold. The project includes rehabilitation of 3 source springs, installation of a chlorination system and booster pump station, replacement of the leaking concrete storage tank with a new seismic-resilient bolted steel tank with new site piping, valves, and concrete foundation, installation of individual water meters, and full distribution system replacement with seismic-resilient pipes, valves, and fire hydrants. Construction completion is expected in 2027.
households. The seismic-resilient storage tank and distribution system provide long-term resilience on the Oregon coast, where earthquake risk is significant. Installing individual water meters enables accurate billing and leak detection, improving both financial sustainability and water conservation. The project exemplifies the DWSRF’s ability to reach Oregon’s smallest, most vulnerable systems — approximately 70% of Oregon’s community water systems serve populations of 500 or less. Financial Impact The 1% interest rate and $680,000 forgivable loan deliver a combined estimated subsidy of approximately $1,249,507. Monthly rates are projected to reach $99.55 by project completion, reflecting the reality that even with maximum DWSRF subsidy, infrastructure investment in a 150-connection system requires meaningful rate increases. There are no other funding sources — Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act’s $5,000,000 minimum loan alone disqualifies ORWD. The DWSRF’s ability to serve communities of this size, at this level of subsidy, is irreplaceable for rural Oregon.
Environmental And Public Health Impact The project addresses active coliform compliance violations, eliminates leaking infrastructure that risks contamination, and installs chlorination treatment — directly protecting the health of Otter Rock’s 150 Coastal view of the Oregon shoreline near Otter Rock.
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Region 10 | AK, ID, OR, and WA
WASHINGTON
PROJECT 1 On-site Septic System Regional Loan Program Washington State The Project The Washington State Department of Ecology partners with nonprofit lender Craft3 to deliver the On-site Septic System (OSS) Regional Loan Program, providing affordable Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF)-backed financing directly to homeowners and small businesses for septic repairs and replacements. Ecology funds the program using CWSRF resources combined with other state funds, while Craft3’s expertise in loan administration allows local health partners to focus on their core public health work rather than managing individual county loan programs. Since the program’s establishment in 2016, over 2,200 septic system repairs and replacements have been supported — an investment of over $60,000,000 across Washington State. Nearly 40% of borrowers are low-income households who would likely not have had access to any other financing without this program. Background Failing septic systems pose serious public health and environmental risks — contaminating groundwater, local waterways, and shellfish beds with pathogens and nutrients. Unlike households served by community wastewater utilities, homeowners bear the full cost of septic system repairs independently. In Washington, a new septic system can cost $30,000 or more — an unaffordable expense for many rural and low-income households. Without access to affordable financing, failing systems go unrepaired, creating ongoing pollution and public health risks. Aside from limited U.S. Department of Agriculture Rural Development options, no other statewide assistance program exists for septic repair or replacement in Washington. Environmental And Public Health Impact Each repaired or replaced septic system eliminates a direct source of pathogen and
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nutrient contamination to groundwater and local waterways. Over 2,200 failing systems addressed since 2016 represents a significant cumulative reduction in nonpoint source pollution across Washington’s diverse landscape — protecting drinking water sources, shellfish beds, recreational waters, and aquatic ecosystems. Reaching low-income households — who make up 40% of borrowers — ensures that the most financially vulnerable homeowners, who are also the least likely to repair failing systems independently, are not left behind. Financial Impact The OSS Regional Loan Program demonstrates CWSRF’s ability to reach individual homeowners — not just utilities — through creative partnerships. By routing CWSRF funds through Craft3’s established nonprofit lending infrastructure, Washington State delivers below-market financing with forgivable principal options to households that would otherwise have no path to septic system repair. The $60 million invested since 2016 has leveraged Craft3’s administrative capacity and local health partnerships to achieve scale that a county-by-county approach could not replicate.
Distribution manifold and riser assemblies installed prior to backfill during a residential septic system replacement through the Washington State On-site Septic System Regional Loan Program. Drainfield chambers and distribution piping installed in a residential yard during septic system replacement through the Washington State On-site Septic System Regional Loan Program. New septic tank and riser assemblies set in excavation during a residential septic system replacement through the Washington State On-site Septic System Regional Loan Program.
PROJECT 2 Pasco Water Reuse Facility Upgrades Pasco, WA The Project The project — Phase 1 of 4 planned phases — expands the facility’s winter storage pond capacity and installs pretreatment improvements to remove nitrogen and phosphorus before wastewater is sprayed on land treatment fields. Expanding the winter storage ponds allows more businesses to send their process wastewater to the facility. The pretreatment improvements reduce nutrient loading to the land treatment system, protecting groundwater from nitrogen and phosphorus infiltration. Approximately $35,000,000 from the Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) supported these Phase 1 improvements in state fiscal year 2024. Background The City of Pasco operates a Process Water Reuse Facility (PWRF) that serves food processing businesses in the Columbia River Basin — a regional agricultural and food production hub. The facility holds processed wastewater in large storage ponds during the winter and applies it to land treatment fields during the spring, summer, and fall, recycling more than a billion gallons of water annually back into the land. By treating industrial process water separately from municipal wastewater, the PWRF reduces the burden on the city’s municipal wastewater treatment plant and protects water quality in the Columbia River. Expansion was needed to accommodate growing demand and to improve treatment performance before land application. Environmental And Public Health Impact The PWRF’s land treatment model recycles over a billion gallons of water annually, reducing discharge to the Columbia River and returning treated water to the local landscape. Pretreatment improvements for nitrogen and phosphorus removal reduce nutrient loading to groundwater beneath the land treatment fields — protecting drinking water sources in a region where agriculture and food processing rely heavily on groundwater. Expanded storage capacity allows more businesses to participate, reducing industrial wastewater volumes reaching the municipal treatment plant and the Columbia River.
Aerial view of the Pasco Process Water Reuse Facility showing expanded winter storage ponds and land treatment fields in the Columbia River Basin. Algae-based pretreatment channels with floating treatment media inside the covered treatment structure at the Pasco Process Water Reuse Facility.
Financial Impact The $35,000,000 CWSRF investment supports a facility that anchors a regional food processing economy employing 1,200– 1,500 people directly and supporting countless additional jobs throughout the supply chain. By financing the expansion of a shared industrial wastewater treatment resource, the CWSRF enables food processing businesses to continue operating and growing in Pasco without each bearing the full cost of independent wastewater treatment solutions. This is Phase 1 of a four-phase improvement program — additional CWSRF investment will be needed to complete the full scope.
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SRF DIRECTORY ALABAMA
CALIFORNIA
Alabama Department of Environmental Management
California State Water Resources Control Board
Physical: 1400 Coliseum Boulevard, Montgomery, AL 36110
Physical: 1001 I Street Sacramento, CA 95814
Mailing: PO Box 301463 Montgomery, AL 36130
Mailing: PO Box 100 Sacramento, CA 95812
Brian Espy, Environmental Engineering Manager, bespy@adem.alabama.gov
Michael Downey, Assistant Deputy Director, Division of Financial Assistance, michael.downey@waterboards.ca.gov
Alex Chavers, Environmental Engineering Supervisor, adchavers@adem.alabama.gov
ALASKA Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation Physical: 410 Willoughby Avenue Juneau, AK 99801 Mailing: PO Box 111800, Juneau, AK 99811 Young Ha, SRF Program Manager, young.ha@alaska.gov Carrie Bohan, Facilities Program Manager, carrie.bohan@alaska.gov
ARIZONA Water Infrastructure Finance Authority of Arizona 3300 North Central Avenue, Suite 1050, Phoenix, AZ 85012 Chelsea McGuire, Director, cmcguire@azwifa.gov
Josh Ziese, Assistant Deputy Director, Division of Financial Assistance, joshua.ziese@waterboards.ca.gov
COLORADO Colorado Department of Local Affairs Physical: 1570 Grant Street, Suite 2020, Denver, CO 80203 Mailing: 1313 Sherman Street, Suite 521 Denver, CO 80203 Cynthia Thayer, Local Government Services Director, cynthia.thayer@state.co.us Desi Santerre, Water and Wastewater Program Manager, desiree.santerre@state.co.us Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment 4300 Cherry Creek Drive South Denver, CO 80246
Lindsey Jones, Assistant Director for Water program, ljones@azwifa.gov
Alex Hawley, Grants and Loans Unit Manager, alex.hawley@state.co.us
ARKANSAS
Diane McAfee, Program Assistant, diane.mcafee@state.co.us
Arkansas Department of Agriculture 1 Natural Resources Drive Little Rock, AR 72205 Debra Dickson, Water Development Section Manager, debra.dickson@arkansas.gov Leah Johannes, Program Fiscal Manager, leah.m.johannes@arkansas.gov Arkansas Department of Health 4815 West Markham Little Rock, AR 72205 Teresa Lee, Chief, Technical Support, Engineering Section, teresa.lee@arkansas.gov Cornelius Mayfield, Engineer, cornelius.mayfield@arkansas.gov
Colorado Water Resources & Power Development Authority 1580 North Logan Street, Suite 820, Denver, CO 80203 Keith McLaughlin, Executive Director, kmclaughlin@cwrpda.com
Physical: 410 Capitol Avenue Hartford, CT 06134 Joseph Buehler, Environmental Engineer, joseph.buehler@ct.gov Connecticut, Office of the Treasurer 165 Capitol Avenue, 2nd Floor Hartford, CT 06106 Kimberly Masson, Principal Debt Management Specialist, kimberly.masson@ct.gov Arqum Gul, Associate Accountant, arqum.gul@ct.gov
DELAWARE Delaware Department of Health and Social Services - Division of Public Health 417 Federal Street, Mail Service D-320A Dover, DE 19901 Lylliam Rodriguez, Fiscal Analyst II, lylliam.rodriguez@delaware.gov Brianna Kresse, Program Administrator, brianna.kresse@delaware.gov Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control 97 Commerce Way, Suite 106 Dover, DE 19904 Greg Pope, Chief of Operations, greg.pope@delaware.gov Laura Robbins, Chief of Administration, laura.robbins@delaware.gov
D.C. Department of Energy & Environment Government of the District of Columbia 1200 First Street NE, 5th Floor, Washington DC 20002
Jim Griffiths, Deputy Director, jgriffiths@cwrpda.com
Jeffrey Oser, Environmental Protection Specialist, jeff.oser@dc.gov
CONNECTICUT
Jonathan Champion, Associate Director of Water Quality Division, jonathan.champion@dc.gov
Connecticut Department of Energy & Environmental Protection 79 Elm Street Hartford, CT 06106 Ivonne Hall, Assistant Director, Municipal Wastewater Program, ivonne.hall@ct.gov Kymberly Cianci, Fiscal Administrative Manager 1 Bureau of Central Services, kymberly.cianci@ct.gov
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Connecticut Department of Public Health
SRF DIRECTORY FLORIDA
INDIANA
Florida Department of Environmental Protection
Indiana Department of Environmental Management
3900 Commonwealth Boulevard, Mail Service 3505, Tallahassee, FL 32399
100 N. Senate Ave, Suite 1255, Indianapolis, IN 46204
Angela Knecht, Director, Division of Water Restoration Assistance, angela.knecht@floridadep.gov
Martha Clark Mettler, Assistant Commissioner, mclark@idem.in.gov
Rebecca Floyd, President, rfloyd@kdfa.org
Eric Meyers, Drinking Water State Revolving Fund Program Administrator, eric.v.meyers@floridadep.gov
Indiana Finance Authority
KENTUCKY
100 North Senate Avenue, Room 1275 Indianapolis, IN 46204
Kentucky Energy and Environment Cabinet
GEORGIA
Greg Swartz, Director of Environmental Programs, gswartz@ifa.in.gov
300 Sower Boulevard, Frankfort, KY 40601
Georgia Environmental Finance Authority
Alex Hilt, Director of Finance, ahilt@ifa.in.gov
Jory Becker, PE Environmental Engineer Consultant, jory.becker@ky.gov
IOWA Iowa Department of Natural Resources
Hollie Delaney, PE Water Infrastructure Branch Manager, Kentucky Division of Water, hollie.delaney@ky.gov
6200 Park Avenue Suite 200, Des Moines, IA 50321
Kentucky Infrastructure Authority
47 Trinity Avenue South West, 5th Floor, Atlanta, GA 30334 Judy Adler, Director of Water Resources, jadler@gefa.ga.gov Amanda Carroll, Drinking Water Team Lead, acarroll@gefa.ga.gov
HAWAII
Theresa Enright, SRF Coordinator, theresa.enright@dnr.iowa.gov
Kansas Development Finance Authority 534 South Kansas Avenue, Suite 800, Topeka, KS 66603 James MacMurray, Executive Director, jmacmurray@kdfa.org
100 Airport Road, 3rd Floor, Frankfort, KY 40601 Sandy Williams, Executive Director, sandy.williams@ky.gov
Hawaii State Department of Health
Aaron Smith, Chief Financial Officer, aaron.smith@IowaFinance.com
2827 Waimano Home Road, Room 207, Pearl City, HI 96782
Iowa Finance Authority
Milward Dedman, Deputy Executive Director, milward.dedman@ky.gov
Kevin Yoshioka, WRFS Manager, kevin.yoshioka@doh.hawaii.gov
1963 Bell Avenue, Suite 200 Des Moines, IA 50315
LOUISIANA
Chane Hayashida, Environmental Engineer, chane.hayashida@doh.hawaii.gov
Aaron Smith, Chief Financial Officer, aaron.smith@Iowafinance.com
Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality
Theresa Enright, DNR SRF Coordinator, theresa.enright@dnr.iowa.gov
Physical: 602 North 5th Street Baton Rouge, LA 70802
IDAHO Idaho Department of Environmental Quality 1410 North Hilton Street, Boise, ID 83706 MaryAnna Peavey, Grant & Loan Bureau Chief, maryanna.peavey@deq.idaho.gov Charlie Parkins, Grant & Loan Supervisor, charlie.parkins@deq.idaho.gov
ILLINOIS
KANSAS Kansas Department of Administration 1000 SW Jackson Street, Suite 500 Topeka, KS 66612 Kerry Lyons, Accounting Manager, kerry.lyons@ks.gov Stacy Jaramillo, Deputy Director, stacy.jaramillo@ks.gov
Illinois Environmental Protection Agency
Kansas Department of Health and Environment - Not confirmed by organization
Physical: 2520 West Iles Avenue, Springfield, IL 62704
1000 SW Jackson, Suite 420, Topeka, KS 66612
Mailing: PO Box 19276 Springfield, IL 62794
William Carr, Director, Bureau of Water, william.j.carr@ks.gov
Nidhan Singh, SRF Manager, nidhan.singh@Illinois.gov
Cara Hendricks, Deputy Director, Bureau of Water, cara.c.hendricks@ks.gov
Mailing: PO Box 4303 Baton Rouge, LA 70821 Sierra Templet, CWSRF Program, sierra.templet@la.gov William Barlett, Engineer Manager, william.barlett@la.gov Louisiana Department of Health Physical: 628 North 4th Street Baton, Rouge, LA 70802 Mailing: PO Box 4489 Baton Rouge, LA 70821 Scott Templet, DWRLF Program Engineer, scott.templet2@la.gov Carrie Creel, DWRLF Financial Manager, carrie.creel@la.gov
Max Paller, Chief Financial Officer, max.paller@Illinois.Gov
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SRF DIRECTORY MAINE Maine Department of Environmental Protection Physical: 28 Tyson Drive Augusta, ME 04333 Mailing: 17 State House Station Augusta, ME 04333 Brandy King, P. Eng., P.E., Environmental Engineering Services Manager, Bureau of Water Quality Management, brandy.king@maine.gov Patricia Korbet, Planning and Research Assistant, patricia.l.korbet@maine.gov Maine Department of Health and Human Services 11 State House Station Augusta, ME 04333-0011 McKenzie Parker, Chief Engineer, mckenzie.park@maine.gov
Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection 100 Cambridge Street, Suite 900 Boston, MA 02114 Kaitlyn Connors, Director, kaitlyn.connors2@mass.gov Robin McNamara, Deputy Director, robin.mcnamara@mass.gov
MICHIGAN Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy Physical: 525 West Allegan Street Lansing, MI 48933 Mailing: PO Box 30457, Lansing, MI 48909
MISSISSIPPI Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality Physical: 515 E Amite Street Jackson, MS 39201 Mailing: PO Box 2261, Jackson, MS 39225 Brent Jones, Branch Chief, bjones@mdeq.ms.gov Dennis Jones, Administrative Coordinator, djones@mdeq.ms.gov Mississippi State Department of Health Physical: 570 East Woodrow Wilson Drive, Suite U-222, Jackson, MS 39216 Mailing: PO Box 1700, Jackson, MS 39215
Daniel Jaroche, Chief Financial Office, jaroched@michigan.gov
Harry Gong, Drinking Water Infrastructure Engineering Director, harry.gong@msdh.ms.gov
Travis Boeskool, Senior Deputy Director, boeskoolt@michigan.gov
Lee Alford, Drinking Water Infrastructure Director, bobby.alford@msdh.ms.gov
MINNESOTA
MISSOURI
Maine Municipal Bond Bank 127 Community Drive, Augusta, ME 04330 Jeremy McDaniel, SRF Program Officer, jmcdaniel@mmbb.com Kristi Lamoreau, SRF Program Officer, klamoreau@mmbb.com
Minnesota Department of Health Physical: 625 Robert Street North Saint Paul, MN 55155 Mailing: PO Box 64975 Saint Paul, MN 55164
MARYLAND Maryland Department of the Environment 1800 Washington Blvd., Ste 515 Baltimore, Maryland 21230 Adriana Caldarelli, Director, adriana.caldarelli@maryland.gov
Chad Kolstad, Infrastructure Unit Supervisor, chad.kolstad@state.mn.us Todd Johnson, DWSRF Coordinator, todd.johnson@state.mn.us Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
Missouri Department of Natural Resources Physical: 1101 Riverside Drive Jefferson City, MO 65102 Mailing: PO Box 176 Jefferson City, MO 65102 Lauren Graessle, FAC Director, lauren.graessle@dnr.mo.gov Stacia Bax, Clean Water Section Chief, stacia.bax@dnr.mo.gov
520 Lafayette Road North Saint Paul, MN 55155
Missouri Environmental Improvement & Energy Resources Authority
Pamela Foster, CWSRF Coordinator, pamela.foster@state.mn.us
Physical: 425 Madison Street, 2nd Floor, Jefferson City, MO 65102
Gabe Posteuca, CWSRF Lead Engineer, gabriel.posteuca@state.mn.us
Mailing: PO Box 744 Jefferson City, MO 65102
Massachusetts Clean Water Trust
Minnesota Public Facilities Authority
Joe Boland, Executive Director, joe.boland@eiera.mo.gov
1 Center Plaza, Suite 430 Boston, MA 02108
332 Minnesota Street, Suite W820, Saint Paul, MN 55101
Mark Pauley, Deputy Director, mark.pauley@eiera.mo.gov
Nathaniel Keenan, Department Director, nkeenan@tre.state.ma.us
Steve Walter, Executive Director, steve.walter@state.mn.us
Kailyn Fellmeth, Senior Program Associate, kailyn.n.fellmeth@tre.state.ma.us
Melissa Ralph, Chief Financial Officer, melissa.ralph@state.mn.us
Madhulika Nataraja, Deputy Director, madhulika.nataraja@maryland.gov
MASSACHUSETTS
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SRF DIRECTORY MONTANA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Montana Department of Environmental Quality
New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services
Physical: 2401 Colonial Drive Helena, MT 59601
Physical: 29 Hazen Drive Concord, NH 03302
Mailing: PO Box 200901 Helena, MT 59620-0901
Mailing: PO Box 95, Concord, NH 03302
Mike Abrahamson, WPCSRF Section Supervisor, mabrahamson@mt.gov Sandie Koenig, DWSRF Section Supervisor, sandie.koenig@mt.gov Montana Department of Natural Resources & Conservation Physical: 1539 11th Avenue Helena, MT 59601
Tracy Wood, Administrator, Wastewater Engineering Bureau, tracy.l.wood@des.nh.gov Johnna McKenna, Public Water System Sustainability Section Administrator, johnna.mckenna@des.nh.gov
NEW JERSEY
Mailing: PO Box 201601 Helena, MT 59620
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection - Division of Water Quality
Anna Miller, Bureau Chief CARDD, annam@mt.gov
Physical: 401 East State Street Trenton, NJ 08625
NEBRASKA Nebraska Department of Water, Energy, and Environment 245 Fallbrook Blvd, Ste 100 Lincoln, NE 68521 Steve Mcnulty, State Revolving Fund Section Supervisor, steve.mcnulty@nebraska.gov Sarah Starostka, Planning & Aid Division Administrator, sarah.starostka@nebraska.gov
NEVADA Nevada Department of Conservation and Natural Resources - Division of Environmental Protection 901 South Stewart Street, Suite 4001, Carson City, NV 89701 Sheryl Fontaine, Chief, Bureau of Administrative Services, sfontaine@ndep.nv.gov Benjamin Miller, Management Analyst III, b.miller@ndep.nv.gov
Mailing: Mail Code 401-03D, Division of Water Quality, PO Box 420, Trenton, NJ 08625 Charles Jenkins, Assistant Director, charles.jenkins@dep.nj.gov Karen Cole, Bureau Chief, karen.cole@dep.nj.gov New Jersey Infrastructure Bank 3131 Princeton Pike, Bldg 4, Suite 216 Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 David Zimmer, Executive Director, dzimmer@njib.gov George Rolon, Chief Operating Officer, grolon@njib.gov
NEW MEXICO New Mexico Environment Department Physical: 1190 Saint Francis Drive, Suite N4050, Sante Fe, NM 87505 Mailing: PO Box 5469, Santa Fe, NM 87502 Dennis Romero, Bureau Chief, Construction Programs Bureau, dennis.romero@env.nm.gov Sara Rhoton, Technical Section Manager, sara.rhoton@env.nm.gov
New Mexico Finance Authority 810 W. San Mateo Street Santa Fe, NM 87505 Todd Johansen, Senior Program Administrator, Drinking Water SRF, tjohansen@nmfa.net Michael Vonderheide, Managing Director, Public Programs, mvonderheide@nmfa.net
NEW YORK New York Municipal Water Authority 255 Greenwich Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10007 Philip Wasserman, Executive Director, wassermanp@omb.nyc.gov Sean Gilfeather, Supervising Analyst, gilfeatherS@omb.nyc.gov New York State Environmental Facilities Corporation 625 Broadway Albany, NY 12207 Maureen Coleman, President and Chief Executive Officer, maureen.coleman@efc.ny.gov William Brizzell, Director of Engineering, william.brizzell@efc.ny.gov
NORTH CAROLINA North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality Physical: 512 North Salisbury Street Raleigh, NC 27604 Mailing: 1633 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699 Shadi Eskaf, Director, Division of Water Infrastructure, shadi.eskaf@deq.nc.gov Kavitha Ambikadevi, Section Chief, kavitha.ambikadevi@deq.nc.gov
NORTH DAKOTA North Dakota Department of Environmental Quality 4201 Normandy Street Bismarck, ND 58503 Shannon Fisher, DWSRF Program Manager, smfisher@nd.gov Elizabeth Tokach-Duran, CWSRF Program Manager, etokachduran@nd.gov
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SRF DIRECTORY North Dakota Public Finance Authority Physical: 1200 Memorial Highway, Bismarck, ND 58506 Mailing: PO Box 5509 Bismarck, ND 58506 DeAnn Ament, Executive Director, dament@nd.gov Benita Eberts, Business Manager, beberts@nd.gov
OHIO Ohio Environmental Protection Agency Physical: 50 West Town Street, Suite 700, Columbus, OH 43215 Mailing: PO Box 1049 Columbus, OH 43216 Jonathan Bernstein, Chief, Division of Environmental and Financial Assistance, jonathan.bernstein@epa.ohio.gov Katie Courtright, Assistant Chief, Division of Environmental and Financial Assistance, kathleen.courtright@epa.ohio.gov Ohio Water Development Authority 480 South High Street Columbus, OH 43215 Michael Fraizer, Executive Director,mfraizer@owda.org Todd Skruck, Chief Financial Officer/Asst. Executive Director, tskruck@owda.org
OKLAHOMA Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality Physical: 707 North Robinson Avenue Oklahoma City, OK 73102 Mailing: PO Box 1677 Oklahoma City, OK 73101
OREGON Business Oregon 775 Summer Street North East, Suite 310 Salem, OR 97301 Nicole Bailey, Program Policy Coordinator, nicole.bailey@biz.oregon.gov
Rhode Island Infrastructure Bank 275 Promenade Street, Suite 301, Providence, RI 02908 William Fazioli, Executive Director, wfazioli@riib.org Anna Coelho Cortes, Managing Director, acoelho@riib.org
Kristen Larson, Program and Policy Coordinator, kristen.larson@biz.oregon.gov
SOUTH CAROLINA
Oregon Department of Environmental Quality
2600 Bull Street, Columbia, SC 29201
South Carolina Department of Environmental Services
700 North East Multnomah Street, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97232
Wayne Shealy, SRF Division Director/ Engineer, wayne.shealy@des.sc.gov
Chris Marko, Program Coordinator, chris.marko@deq.oregon.gov
Michael Spradlin, SRF Reporting & Fin. Mgt. Section, michael.spradlin@des.sc.gov
PENNSYLVANIA
South Carolina Rural Infrastructure Authority
PENNVEST 607 South Drive, 5th Floor West Harrisburg, PA 17120 David Henning, Deputy Executive Director - Project Management, dahenning@pa.gov Robert Boos, Executive Director, rboos@pa.gov
1201 Main Street, Suite 1600 Columbia SC 29201 Bonnie Ammons, Executive Director, bammons@ria.sc.gov Trish Comp, SRF Program Director, tcomp@ria.sc.gov
SOUTH DAKOTA RHODE ISLAND Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management 235 Promenade Street Providence, RI 02908 Jenny Paquet, CWSRF Program Manager, jenny.paquet@dem.ri.gov Victoria St.Jean, CWSRF Compliance Inspector, victoria.stjean@dem.ri.gov Rhode Island Department of Health
South Dakota Department of Agriculture & Natural Resources 523 East Capitol Avenue, Pierre, SD 57501 Andrew Bruels, Director, andrew.bruels@state.sd.us Tina McFarling, Environmental Funding Program Administrator, tina.mcfarling@state.sd.us
TENNESSEE
3 Capitol Hill, Room 209 Providence, RI 02908
Tennessee Department of Environment & Conservation
George Russell IV, Water Quality Division Director, george.g.russell@deq.ok.gov
Amy Parmenter, Chief, Center for Drinking Water Quality, Environmental Health Division, amy.parmenter@health.ri.gov
500 James Robertson Parkway Nashville, TN 37243
Oklahoma Water Resources Board
Stephanie Linakis, Chief Program Development, stephanie.linakis@health.ri.gov
Vena Jones, Program Manager, vena.l.jones@tn.gov
Isaac Cornelson, DWSRF Section Manager, isaac.cornelson@deq.ok.gov
3800 North Classen Boulevard Oklahoma City, OK 73118 Lori Johnson, Chief, Financial Assistance Division, lori.johnson@owrb.ok.gov Jerri Hargis, Assistant Chief, Financial Assistance Division of OWRB, jerri.hargis@owrb.ok.gov
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Felicia Freeman, Environmental Manager, felicia.d.freeman@tn.gov
SRF DIRECTORY TEXAS
VIRGINIA
WEST VIRGINIA
Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
Virginia Department of Environmental Quality
West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection
Physical: 12100 Park 35 Circle, Austin, TX 78753
1111 East Main Street, Suite 1400 Richmond, VA 23219
601 57th Street South East Charleston, WV 25304
Mailing: PO Box 13087, Austin, TX 78711
Meghan Mayfield, Director, CWF & Training, meghan.mayfield@deq.virginia.gov
Kathy Emery, Program Manager, katheryn.d.emery@wv.gov
Michele Risko, WSD Deputy Director, michele.risko@tceq.texas.gov Dorothy Young, Program Specialist, dorothy.young@tceq.texas.gov Texas Water Development Board Physical: 1700 North Congress Avenue Austin, TX 78701 Mailing: PO Box 13231, Austin, TX 78711 Jessica Pena, Deputy Executive Administrator, jessica.pena@twdb.texas.gov Marvin Cole-Chaney, Director, Program Administration & Reporting, marvin.cole-chaney@twdb.texas.gov
UTAH Utah Department of Environmental Quality Physical: 195 North 1950 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 Mailing: PO Box 144830 Salt Lake City, UT 84114 Jessica Fitzgerald, Administrative Services Section Manager, jfitzgerald@utah.gov Heather Pattee, DWSRF Project Manager, hpattee@utah.gov
VERMONT Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation 1 National Life Drive, Montpelier, VT 05620 Neil Kamman, Deputy Commissioner, Water Investment Division, neil.kamman@vermont.gov
Karen Doran, CWFAP Program Manager, karen.doran@deq.virginia.gov Virginia Department of Health Physical: 109 Governor Street Richmond, VA 23219 Mailing: PO Box 2448 Richmond, VA 23218 Anthony Hess, FCAP Division Director, anthony.hess@vdh.virginia.gov Dwayne Roadcap, ODW Director, dwayne.roadcap@vdh.virginia.gov Virginia Resources Authority 1111 East Main Street, Suite 1920 Richmond VA 23219 Shawn Crumlish, Executive Director, scrumlish@virginiaresources.org Joseph Bergeron, Director of Financial Services and Investments, jbergeron@virginiaresources.org
WASHINGTON Washington State Department of Ecology Physical: 300 Desmond Drive South East Lacey, WA 98503 Mailing: PO Box 47600 Olympia WA 98504 Kimberly Wagar, Water Quality Financial Management Section Manager, kimberly.wagar@ecy.wa.gov Shelly McMurry, CWSRF Coordinator, shelly.mcmurry@ecy.wa.gov
Thomas Cazad, Engineer Senior, thomas.a.cazad@wv.gov West Virginia Water Development Authority 1009 Bullitt Street, Charleston, WV 25301 Mark Sarver, Executive Director, msarver@wvwda.org
WISCONSIN Wisconsin Department of Administration - Wisconsin Capital Finance Office Physical: 101 East Wilson Street Madison, WI 53703 Mailing: PO Box 7864, Madison, WI 53707 Katherine Miller, Deputy Capital Finance Director, katherinec.miller@wisconsin.gov Aaron Heintz, Capital Finance Director, aaron.heintz@wisconsin.gov Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Physical: 101 South Webster Street, Madison, WI 53707 Mailing: PO Box 7921, Madison, WI 53707 Matthew Marcum, Section Manager, matthewr.marcum@wisconsin.gov Rebecca Scott, Section Manager, rebecca.scott@wisconsin.gov
WYOMING Wyoming Office of State Lands and Investments
Washington State Department of Health
Herscheler Building, Suite W103 122, West 25th Street, Cheyenne, WY 82002
Physical: Town Center 2, 111 Israel Road South East, Tumwater, WA 98501
Shawn King, SRF Financial Manager, shawn.king1@wyo.gov
Vermont Municipal Bond Bank
Mailing: Office of Drinking Water, PO Box 47822, Olympia, WA 98504
100 Bank Street, Suite 401 Burlington, VT 05401
Christopher Pettit, Program Manager, chris.pettit@doh.wa.gov
Nicole Woodworth, SRF Community Loan Office, nicole.woodworth@wyo.gov
Michael Gaughan, Executive Director, michael@vtbondagency.org
Jocelyne Gray, DWSRF Technical Lead, jocelyne.gray@doh.wa.gov
Kenneth Bisceglio, Senior Design Engineer, kenneth.bisceglio@vermont.gov
Elizabeth King, Director of Finance, Elizabeth@vtbondagency.org
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SRF DIRECTORY AFFILIATES 120Water Physical: 250 South Elm Street Zionsville IN 4607 Mailing: PO Box 604, Zionsville, IN 46077 Megan Glover, CEO, megan@120water.com Paul Schuler, State Account Director, paul.schuler@120water.com
Enable by TechPG
Jefferies
10475 Crosspoint Boulevard, Suite 250 Indianapolis IN 46256
520 Madison Avenue 4th Floor New York, NY 10022
Terri Eakins, President and CEO teakins@techpg.com
Neil Flanagan, Managing Director, nflanagan@jefferies.com
Jack Eakins, CTO/Software Architect, jeakins@techpg.com
JP Morgan
Freese and Nichols
John Houlberg, Executive Director, john.houlberg@jpmorgan.com
801 Cherry Street, Suite 2800 Fort Worth, TX 76102
BofA Securities
Mark Evans, Client Funding Lead, mark.evans@freese.com
One Byrant Park, 12th Floor New York, NY 10036
Kate Burum, Funding Specialist, kate.burum@freese.com
Tom Liu, Managing Director, thomas.liu@bofa.com
560 Mission Street 3rd Floor San Francisco, CA 94105
Landmark Structures 3120 Sabre Drive, Suite 350 Southlake, TX 76092 Josh Inglett, Vice President, jinglett@teamlandmark.com
Hawkins, Delafield & Wood Masterson Advisors LLC
CDM Smith
140 Broadway, 42nd Floor New York, NY 10005
75 State Street, Suite 701 Boston, MA 02109
Samuel Litton, Partner; slitton@hawkins.com
Stacy Barna, Funding Discipline Leader, barnasl@cdmsmith.com
Bruce Van Dusen, Of Counsel; bvandusen@hawkins.com
Kayla MacEwen Sanford, Managing Director kayla.macewen@mastersonadvisors.com
Hazen and Sawyer
McCarter & English
Crawford, Murphy & Tilly
4011 West Chase Boulevard, Suite 500, Raleigh, NC 27607
2750 W Washington St Springfield IL 62702
Tim Devine, Senior Associate, tdevine@hazenandsawyer.com
Four Gateway Center 100 Mulberry Street Newark NJ 07102
Gary Bingenheimer, Senior Engineer & SRF Specialist, gbingenheimer@cmtengr.com
Sharon Simington, Southeast Regional Funding Leader, ssimington@hazenandsawyer.com
Issa McDaniel, Funding Programs Manager, mcdanieli@cdmsmith.com
Ally Fields, Government Affairs Manager, afields@cmtengr.com
Deloitte Consulting LLP 1919 N Lynn St, Arlington, VA 22209 Leslie Gillespie-Marthaler, Specialist Leader, lgillespie-marthaler@deloitte.com Josh Sawislak, Managing Director, jsawislak@deloitte.com
225 Franklin Street, Floor 26 Boston, Massachusetts 02110
Richard T. Nolan Jr., Partner, rnolan@mccarter.com Richard J. Myslinksi, Partner, rmyslinski@mccarter.com
HDR, Inc.
Mead & Hunt
1917 S. 67th Street Omaha, NE 68106
2440 Deming Way Middleton, WI 53562
Sheryl Chino, Water Funding Practice Lead, sheryl.chino@hdrinc.com
Sheryl Parsons, Funding Practice Leader, sheryl.parsons@meadhunt.com
Hilltop Securities 70 NE Loop 410, Suite 750 San Antonio, Texas 78216 Anne Burger Entrekin, Senior Managing Director, anne.burgerentrekin@hilltopsecurities.com Tony Cheung, Senior Vice President, tony.cheung@hilltopsecurities.com
Regina Brinkle, Funding/Grant Compliance Specialist, regina.brinkle@meadhunt.com
Moody’s Ratings 7 World Trade Center 250 Greenwich Street, New York NY 10007 Rachel McDonald, Associate Managing Director, rachael.mcdonald@moodys.com Omar Ouzidane, Vice President-Senior Analyst, omar.ouzidane@moodys.com
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SRF DIRECTORY Morgan Stanley
Ramirez & Co., Inc.
Sycamore Advisors
1585 Broadway, 11th Floor New York NY 10036
100 Cambridge Street, Suite 1400 Boston, MA 02114
1350 6th Avenue New York NY 10019
Joe Abramson, Executive Director, joseph.abramson@morganstanley.com
Guy Nagahama, Managing Director, guy.nagahama@ramirezco.com
Pingbo Zhou, Vice President, 1999 Avenue of the Stars, Suite 2400 Los Angeles, CA 90067 pingbo.zhou@morganstanley.com
Adam Lorbert, Managing Director, 14 East 52nd Street, New York, NY 10022, adam.lorbert@ramirezco.com
PFM Financial Advisors LLC 45 South Seventh Street, Suite 2950 Minneapolis, MN 55402 Miles Silbert, Director, silbertm@pfm.com Matthew Schnackenberg, Managing Director, schnackenbergm@pfm.com
Squire Patton Boggs 1000 Key Tower 127 Public Square Cleveland OH 44114 Ryan Callender, Partner, ryan.callender@squirepb.com Jennifer Cosper, Partner, jennifer.cosper@squirepb.com
Diana Hamilton, President, dhamilton@sycamoreadvisors.com Ching Yin, Senior Vice President, cyin@sycamoreadvisors.com
Truist Securities 227 West Monroe Street, 10th Floor, Chicago IL 60606 Robert Mellinger, Director, robert.mellinger@truist.com Ryan Trauffler, Vice President, ryan.trauffler@truist.com
AFFILIATE MEMBERSHIP The organizations that support the State Revolving Funds play an essential role in helping states finance, design, build, manage, and protect America’s water infrastructure. As the only national organization dedicated exclusively to the SRFs, CIFA gives Affiliate Members direct access to the state leaders and industry partners shaping one of the country’s most important infrastructure financing programs. Affiliate Membership puts your organization in the room with the
people leading SRF programs across the country. Through conferences, committees, educational programs, sponsorship opportunities, and yearround engagement, your team can build relationships, increase visibility, better understand the needs of state programs, and demonstrate the expertise your organization brings to the SRF community. If your organization works with or supports the SRFs, CIFA Affiliate Membership is one of the most direct ways to strengthen your presence in this national network.
Join CIFA as an Affiliate Member and put your organization at the center of the national SRF conversation.
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2026 SRF Workshop Forging the Future: Strengthening Water Infrastructure Through SRFs
Nov 15
Nov 18
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Funding Expertise Supporting Water Infrastructure Projects Water infrastructure projects frequently depend on multiple funding programs working together to make construction possible. Identifying those opportunities and managing the associated compliance requirements can be a significant undertaking for utilities and local governments. Mead & Hunt provides funding and compliance services that help communities navigate that process. Specialists can assist with capital improvement planning, funding strategy, application preparation, reimbursement requests, and compliance activities related to State Revolving Fund programs and other federal and state funding sources.
Pictured: Chris Fagerstrom, Stormwater Practice Leader; Sheryl Parsons, Funding Specialist; Justin Kise, One Water Group Leader.
Mead & Hunt works with communities to turn complex funding programs into real infrastructure improvements. In the past three years, Mead & Hunt has helped communities obtain $420 million in project funding, including $356 million in grant funding, supporting critical drinking water and wastewater infrastructure improvements.
DeLand Wiley Nash Water Reclamation Facility
meadhunt.com
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2027 Summit on Water Infrastructure March 30 - April 1 Hyatt Regency Washington on Capitol Hill
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CONTACT US Barb Dimauro, Executive Director bdimauro@cifanet.org (202)-800-0688 Mailing Address: 10 Executive Drive, Suite 205 Farmington, CT 06032