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Bin-picking: para além da manipulação estruturada

Page 1

Vítor M. Ferreira dos Santos IZa#/ (*& '() (,% %-% k^idg5jV#ei Egd[# cV Jc^kZgh^YVYZ YZ 6kZ^gd# >ckZhi^\VYdg cd 8Zcigd YZ IZXcdad\^V BZX}c^XV Z 6jidbV d " I:B6# BZbWgd YV 8db^hh d :heZX^Va^oVYV Yd ;Zhi^kVa CVX^dcVa YZ GdW i^XV Z YV 8db^hh d :heZX^Va^oVYV YZ GdW i^XV >cYjhig^Va

D O S S I E R MANIPULAÇÃO E ARMAZÉNS A U TO M AT I Z A D O S

BIN-PICKING: PARA ALÉM DA MANIPULAÇÃO ESTRUTURADA INTRODUÇÃO 6 GdW i^XV >cYjhig^Va hjg\^j cV Y XVYV YZ *% Yd h Xjad MM VigVk h YV Zb" egZhV Jc^bVi^dc! [jcYVYV eZad VbZg^XVcd ?dhZe] :c\ZaWZg\Zg! Xdch^YZgVYd jc^kZghVabZciZ Xdbd d eV^ YV GdW i^XV >cYjhig^Va# 6 ZcigVYV! YZ [VXid! Yd eg^bZ^gd bVc^ejaVYdg cV egdYj d ^cYjhig^Va dXdggZj Zb &.+& cjbV [{Wg^XV YV <ZcZgVa Bdidgh0 igViVkV"hZ Yd Jc^bViZ ;^\jgV & Z VegZhZciVkV jb Zh" igjijgV X^cZb{i^XV Yd i^ed Zh[ g^Xd! dj hZ_V! Xdb V iZgXZ^gV _jciV eg^hb{i^XV! XVgVXiZg hi^XV fjZ Va^{h k^g^V V eVgi^a]Vg Xdb V Vgfj^iZXijgV YZ HiVcY[dgY Xg^VYV V eVgi^g YZ &.+.! Z fjZ V^cYV ]d_Z edhh kZa ZcXdcigVg Zb Va\jch robots ^cYjhig^V^h#

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APANHAR PEÇAS DE CAIXOTES

Figura 1 Õ Jc^bViZ! d eg^bZ^gd bVc^ejaVYdg cV egdYj d ^cYjhig^Va Zb &.+& P&R#

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[50] robótica

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Figura 2 Õ >ajhigV d YZ h^ijV Zh YZ bin-picking.

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DOSSIER

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Figura 5 Õ 9^V\gVbV Yd egdXZhhd YZ YZiZX d! XaVhh^[^XV d Z bVc^ejaV d YZ dW_ZXidh YZhXdc]ZX^Ydh VYVeiVYd YZ P)R #

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[52] robótica

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FUTURO NA MANIPULAÇÃO INDUSTRIAL 6 bVc^ejaV d ^cYjhig^Va iZb jb [jijgd YZ Vea^XV Zh V^cYV bV^h kVhid Ydh fjZ dh fjZ _{ XdWgZ D bin-picking cV kZgYVYZ V edciV Yd ^XZWZg\jZ# 6 ^ciZgVX d edg XdciVXid Z [dg V k d hZg [jcYVbZciV^h eVgV ZbjaVg V k^gijdhV YZhigZoV Yd WgV d Z b d ]jbVcdh! Z dh ZhijYdh XdcÓj^g d cV \gVcYZ {gZV YV ]{ei^XV fjZ jb gVbd YV iZXcdad\^V fjZ i^gV eVgi^Yd Ydh hZci^Ydh Yd idfjZ! iVXid Z [dg V Ydh deZgVYdgZh ]jbVcdh! Z ^hid gZkdajX^dcVg{ idYV V a^c]V YV ^ciZgVX d ]jbVcd"b{fj^cV# CZhiV a^c]V! Z Zhi d _{ V hjg\^g bj^idh igVWVa]dh! V egd\gVbV d edg YZ" bdchigV d VÒgbV"hZ Xdbd [dgbV VaiZgcVi^kV! ^ciZgVXi^kV! YZ fjVafjZg eZhhdV edYZg egd\gVbVg bVc^ejaVYdgZh eVgV bj^iVh iVgZ[Vh! ^cYjhig^V^h dj c d! Z hZb egZX^hVg YZ Xdc]ZXZg jbV fjVafjZg a^c\jV\Zb YZ egd\gVbV d# 7VhiVg{ ZmZbea^ÒXVg! edhh^kZabZciZ edg \Zhidh! bVh bV^h hZ\jgVbZciZ edg Y^hedh^i^kdh fjZ hZciZb V [dg V Z d bdk^bZcid ]jbVcd! Z dh robots ÆVegZcYZg dÇ Xdb ZhhZh ZmZbeadh V ZmZXjiVg iVgZ[Vh# BV^h V^cYV! Xdb V egdbZhhV ^b^cZciZ Ydh Vhh^hiZciZh gdW i^Xdh Ydb hi^Xdh! V bVc^ejaV d kV^"hZ idgcVg b kZa Z hjg\^gVb _{ eaViV[dgbVh b kZ^h fjZ ^cXdgedgVb jb dj Yd^h bVc^ejaVYdgZh fjZ jhVg d Vh i Xc^XVh YZ eZgXZe d bjai^Y^bZch^dcVa gZ[Zg^YVh Z djigVh fjZ hjg\^g d Va^VYVh V jb Xdcigdad WVhZVYd cd XdciVXid Z cV [dg V# Dj hZ_V! d VYkZcid Yd bin-picking bdYZgcd fjZ V ^cY hig^V egdbdkZg{ Z ÒgbVg{! VXVWVg{ edg aZkVg V bVc^ejaV d eVgV WZb bV^h eg m^bd YVh eZh" hdVh Yd fjZ Zhi{ ]d_Z! Z iVakZo jbV YVh bV^dgZh ^cY hig^Vh Yd [jijgd eVgV V bVc^ejaV d hZ_V V ^cY hig^V Yd bZ^d Ydb hi^Xd! XdbZ VcYd V XdcXgZi^oVg d hdc]d ^bZbdg^Va Ydh ]jbVcdh YZ iZg d hZj eg eg^d hZgkd dj Vhh^hiZciZ! cZhiZ XVhd gdWdi^oVYd Z! edgiVcid! ]jbVcVbZciZ bV^h aZ\ i^bd

REFERÊNCIAS E FONTES DAS IMAGENS P&R ]iie/$$lll#eghgdWdih#Xdb$! ?jc]d '%&&0 P'R ]iie/$$Zc#l^`^eZY^V#dg\$l^`^$;^aZ/+"hZVi#_e\! ?jc]d '%&&0 P(R ]iie/$$bZh]#Wgdlc#ZYj$(9E<E"'%%.$]dbZldg`$]l'$Ò\jgZh$iZVhZg#_e\! ?jc]d '%&& P)R <# IVnadg! A# @aZZbVc '%%+ ! Kisual Perception and Robotic Manipulation: 3D Object Recognition, Tracking and Hand-Eye Coordination! Heg^c\Zg0 P*R @# GV]VgY_V! 6# @dhV`V &..+ ! Vision-based Bin-Picking: Recognition and Localization of Multiple Complex Objects using Simple Visual Cues, >:::$GH? >ciZgcVi^dcVa 8dc[ZgZcXZ dc >ciZaa^\Zci GdWdih VcY HnhiZbh! DhV`V! ?VeVc! CdkZbWZg! &..+0 P+R 7# :he^Vj! ;# 8]VjbZiiZ! E# G^kZh &..' ! A new approach to visual servoing in robotics, >::: IgVchVXi^dch dc GdWdi^Xh VcY 6jidbVi^dc! kda# -! cd# (! ee# (&("('+#


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