INFORMAĂ‡ĂƒO TÉCNICO-COMERCIAL AresAgante, Lda. 5FM t 'BY HFSBM!BSFTBHBOUF QU t XXX BSFTBHBOUF QU
MEDIÇÕES ELÉCTRICAS, DE ISOLAMENTO E TÉRMICAS PARA MOTORES E ACCIONAMENTOS MULT�METROS PARA ISOLAMENTO E CÂMARA DE IMAGENS TÉRMICAS: DOIS ANALISADORES QUE SE COMBINAM ENTRE SI A grande maioria das instalaçþes tem de garantir uma vida mais longa dos seus motores, porque a sua substituição Ê dispendiosa, em termos monetårios e de mão-de-obra. Mediçþes elÊctricas, de resistência do isolamento e de temperatura são três testes que resolvem os problemas dos motores, accionamentos e painÊis elÊctricos associados e prolongam a sua vida operacional. Utilizados em conjunto, a câmara de imagens tÊrmicas pode detectar potenciais problemas e a resistência do isolamento e os testes elÊctricos podem determinar as suas causas.
bĂŠm pode verificar o desequilĂbrio de fases, as mĂĄs ligaçþes e um aquecimento anormal do fornecimento elĂŠctrico. Um multĂmetro para isolamento, como o Fluke 1587, pode efectuar a maioria dos testes necessĂĄrios para resolver os problemas e fazer a manutenção dos motores. Quando um motor tem problemas, deve ser verificada a tensĂŁo de alimentação e, posteriormente, utiliza-se o teste de isolamento para verificar o arrancador e os contactos de comando, medir a resistĂŞncia do isolamento da fase e dos circuitos de carga para a resistĂŞncia da terra, e a resistĂŞncia do enrolamento entre fases e entre fase-terra.
Uma câmara de imagens tĂŠrmicas portĂĄtil, como a Fluke Ti25, pode recolher a assinatura tĂŠrmica de uma variada gama de motores, desde 1000 HP atĂŠ 5 HP. Uma câmara de imagens tĂŠrmicas ĂŠ adequada para um controlo no local, para verificar se os motores e painĂŠis associados estĂŁo a trabalhar a uma temperatura demasiado elevada, e no caso de ocorrer um problema, verifica a causa especĂfica da falha do componente. Tam-
SOBRE AS MEDIDAS TÉRMICAS " BTTJOBUVSB UœSNJDB EP NPUPS EJ[ OPT NVJUP TPCSF B TVB RVBMJEBEF F DPOEJ¾³P 4F P NPUPS FTU¯ FN TPCSFBRVFDJNFOUP PT FOSPMBNFOUPT JS³P EFUFSJP SBS TF SBQJEBNFOUF %F GBDUP UPEPT PT BVNFOUPT EF � $ OPT FOSPMBNFOUPT EF VN NPUPS BDJNB EB TVB UFNQFSBUVSB OPSNBM EF GVODJPOBNFOUP FODVSUBN B WJEB EP JTPMBNFOUP EPT FOSPMBNFOUPT FN NFTNP RVF P TPCSFBRVFDJNFOUP TFKB BQFOBT UFNQPS¯SJP 4F VNB MFJUVSB EF UFNQFSBUVSB B NFJP EB FTUSV UVSB EP NPUPS BQBSFDF BOPSNBMNFOUF BMUB UFS VNB JNBHFN UœSNJDB EP NPUPS BKVEB B FODPOUSBS EF VNB GPSNB NBJT QSFDJTB B PSJHFN EBT BMUBT UFNQFSBUVSBT PV TFKB PT FOSPMBNFOUPT PT SPMB NFOUPT PV P BDPQMBNFOUP TF VN BDPQMBNFOUP
[58]
robĂłtica
GVODJPOBS B BMUBT UFNQFSBUVSBT Âś VN JOEJDBEPS EF EFTBMJOIBNFOUP &YJTUFN US¸T DBVTBT QSJNÂŻSJBT QBSB QBESĂƒFT UÂśS NJDPT BOPSNBJT OPSNBMNFOUF B NBJPSJB SFTVMUB EB FMFWBEB SFTJTU¸ODJB EB TVQFSGÂşDJF EF DPOUBDUP RVF QPEF TFS VNB MJHB¾³P PV VN JOUFSSVQUPS &TUFT FTUBSÂłP HFSBMNFOUF RVFOUFT OVN MPDBM EF FMFWBEB SFTJTU¸ODJB BSSFGFDFOEP ° NFEJEB RVF FTUÂłP NBJT MPOHF EP MPDBM &TUBT JNBHFOT UÂśSNJDBT NPTUSBN VN QBESÂłP DMÂŻTTJDP OP DFOUSP EB MJHB¾³P EB GBTF BP MBEP EF VN EJTKVOUPS EFWF TF UFS FN BUFO¾³P B GPSNB DPNP P DPOEVUPS BSSFGFDF OB JNBHFN 0T EFTFRVJMÂşCSJPT EF DBSHBT RVFS TFKBN OPSNBJT PV GPSB EF FTQFDJGJDBÂľĂƒFT TVSHFN JHVBMNFOUF
RVFOUFT EVSBOUF UPEB B GBTF PV QBSUF EP DJSDVJUP RVF FTU¯ TVCEJNFOTJPOBEP PV TPCSFDBSSFHBEP 0T EFTFRVJMºCSJPT IBSN¿OJDPT DSJBN VN NPEFMP TFNFMIBOUF 4F P DPOEVUPS FTU¯ UPUBMNFOUF RVFOUF QPEF FTUBS TVCEJNFOTJPOBEP PV TPCSF DBSSFHBEP EFWF TF WFSJGJDBS B DMBTTJGJDB¾³P F B DBSHB BDUVBM QBSB EFUFSNJOBS RVBM œ B PSJHFN EP QSPCMFNB 0T DPNQPOFOUFT FN GBMIB BQBSFDFN HFSBMNFOUF NBJT GSJPT EP RVF PT DPNQPOFOUFT TJNJMBSFT FN GVODJPOBNFOUP OPSNBM 0 FYFNQMP NBJT DPNVN œ QSPWBWFMNFOUF VN GVTºWFM RVFJNB EP /P DJSDVJUP EF VN NPUPS QPEF PSJHJOBS VNB DPOEJ¾³P EF GBTF ÄOJDB F QPTTJWFMNFOUF DBVTBS EBOPT BP NPUPS
SOBRE O TESTE DE RESISTÊNCIA AO ISOLAMENTO
" MFJUVSB EFWF TFS QS¿YJNB EF [FSP 4F GPS TV QFSJPS B 0INT FTTF DPOKVOUP EF DPOUBDUPT OFDFTTJUB EF TFS TVCTUJUVºEP
0T QSPCMFNBT EF JTPMBNFOUP OPT NPUPSFT F OBT USBOTNJTTÃFT T³P OPSNBMNFOUF DBVTBEPT QPS VNB JOTUBMBµ³P JOBQSPQSJBEB DPOUBNJOBµ³P BNCJFOUBM UFOT³P NFD±OJDB PV JEBEF 0 UFTUF EF JTPMBNFOUP QPEF GBDJMNFOUF TFS DPNCJOBEP DPN B NBOVUFOµ³P SFHVMBS EPT NPUPSFT QBSB JEFOUJGJDBS B EFHSBEBµ³P BOUFT EB GBMIB F EVSBOUF PT QSPDFEJNFOUPT EF JOTUBMBµ³P QBSB WFSJGJDBS B TFHVSBOµB EP TJTUFNB F P TFV EFTFNQFOIP 2VBOEP I¯ B SFQBSBµ³P EF VNB BWBSJB P UFTUF EF SFTJTU¸ODJB EF JTPMBNFOUP QPEF TFS P FMP RVF GBMUB QBSB QFSNJUJS RVF VN NPUPS QPTTB WPMUBS B GVODJPOBS EF VNB GPSNB G¯DJM NFEJBOUF B TJNQMFT TVCTUJUVJµ³P EF VN DBCP 0T NFEJEPSFT EF JTPMBNFOUP BQMJDBN VNB UFO T³P %$ BUSBW¶T EF VN TJTUFNB EF JTPMBNFOUP F NFEFN B DPSSFOUF SFTVMUBOUF *TUP QFSNJUF MIFT DBMDVMBS F NPTUSBS B SFTJTU¸ODJB EP JTPMBNFOUP /PSNBMNFOUF P UFTUF WFSJGJDB B FMFWBEB SFTJT U¸ODJB EF JTPMBNFOUP FOUSF P DPOEVUPS F B UFSSB PV VNB FMFWBEB SFTJTU¸ODJB EF JTPMBNFOUP FOUSF DPOEVUPSFT BEKBDFOUFT %PJT FYFNQMPT DPNVOT JO DMVFN UFTUFT EF JTPMBNFOUP EPT FOSPMBNFOUPT EP NPUPS SFMBUJWBNFOUF BP DIBTTJT F B WFSJGJDBµ³P EB SFTJTU¸ODJB EPT DPOEVUPSFT EF GBTF SFMBUJWBNFOUF B DPOEVUBT F PV DBCJOBT 0T NVMUºNFUSPT EF JTPMBNFOUP DPNCJOBN BT GVOµÃFT EF SFTJTU¸ODJB EF JTPMBNFOUP DPN PVUSPT UFTUFT OFDFTT¯SJPT QBSB JOWFTUJHBS P NPUPS B USBOT NJTT³P F PT QSPCMFNBT FM¶DUSJDPT EFTEF NFEJµÃFT C¯TJDBT OP GPSOFDJNFOUP BU¶ UFNQFSBUVSB EF DPO UBDUP " EJGFSFOµB GVOEBNFOUBM DPOTJTUF OP GBDUP EPT UFTUFT EF SFTJTU¸ODJB EF JTPMBNFOUP TFSFN SFBMJ[BEPT FN TJTUFNBT TFN DPSSFOUF BP QBTTP RVF PT UFTUFT FM¶DUSJDPT F U¶SNJDPT T³P RVBTF TFNQSF SFBMJ[BEPT FN TJTUFNBT FOFSHJ[BEPT F FN GVODJPOBNFOUP
3. Resistência da fase e dos circuitos de carga para a terra &OU³P EFWF TF NFEJS B SFTJTU¸ODJB EF JTPMBNFOUP EB GBTF F EPT DJSDVJUPT EF DBSHB QBSB B UFSSB /P FOUBOUP BOUFT EF GB[FS 26"-26&3 UFTUF EF SFTJTU¸ODJB EF JTPMBNFOUP %&7& JTPMBS RVBMRVFS DPOUSPMP FMFDUS¿OJDP F PVUSPT EJTQPTJUJWPT EP DJSDVJUP FN UFTUF "TTJN #MPRVFJF F B TJOBMJ[F B EFTDPOFY³P EP BDDJP OBEPS $POGJHVSF P NFEJEPS EF JTPMBNFOUP QBSB P OºWFM BEFRVBEP EF UFOT³P PV 7 *EFOUJGJRVF B SFTJTU¸ODJB FOUSF FTUFT QPOUPT -BEP EB GBTF EP BDDJPOBEPS QBSB B UFSSB -BEP EB DBSHB EP BDDJPOBEPS QBSB B UFSSB
Testes eléctricos e de resistência de isolamento em motores 1. Inspecção visual 1SJNFJSP FODPOUSF VNB SB[³P QBSB /Þ0 BQMJDBS UFOT³P 3FUJSF B FOFSHJB EP NPUPS F EP BSSBODBEPS PV USBOTNJTT³P TFHVJOEP PT QSPDFEJNFOUPT EF CMPRVFJP TJOBMJ[Bµ³P F EFTFOHBUF P NPUPS EB DBSHB $POEV[B VNB JOTQFDµ³P WJTVBM PMGBDUJWB F EF DBMPS FOUSFWJTUF P DMJFOUF F WFSJGJRVF B QMBDB EF JEFOUJGJDBµ³P 1SPDVSF MJHBµÃFT TPMUBT F WFSJGJRVF UPEPT PT FMFNFOUPT EF MJHBµ³P 6UJMJ[F VN %.. QBSB WFSJGJDBS B UFOT³P EF BMJNFOUBµ³P F QPTUFSJPSNFOUF PT DPOUBDUPT EF UFOT³P /³P WBMF B QFOB DPSSFS P SJTDP EF VN JOD¸OEJP B QBSUJS EF VN NPUPS QPTTJWFMNFOUF FN DVSUP DJSDVJUP 4F P GPSOFDJNFOUP ¶ CPN TJHOJGJDB RVF FYJTUF VN QSPCMFNB OP NPUPS
[60]
robótica
1BSB QBTTBS OFTUFT UFTUFT B GBTF F P DJSDVJUP EF DBSHB OFDFTTJUBN EF NPTUSBS VNB FMFWBEB SFTJTU¸ODJB $PNP SFHSB HFSBM P EJTQPTJUJWP "$ OFDFTTJUB EF VN NºOJNP EF .0INT QBSB B UFSSB F PT EJTQPTJUJWPT %$ OFDFTTJUBN EF .0IN ° UFSSB QBSB BTTFHVSBS VN GVODJPOB NFOUP TFHVSP Nota %JGFSFOUFT FNQSFTBT QPTTVFN EJGFSFOUFT MJNJUFT NºOJNPT EF SFTJTU¸ODJB EF JTPMBNFOUP FN FRVJQBNFOUPT VTBEPT WBSJBOEP EF B .0INT " SFTJTU¸ODJB EF OPWPT FRVJQBNFOUPT TFS¯ NBJT FMFWBEB o EF B .0INT PV NBJT 4F PT WBMPSFT EF SFTJTU¸ODJB EP MBEP EB DBSHB T³P BDFJU¯WFJT QPEFNPT QSPDFEFS BP TFHVJOUF UFTUF 4F O³P GPSFN JOJDJB TF B QSPDVSB EP QSPCMFNB B SVQUVSB OP JTPMBNFOUP FTU¯ OP MBEP EP BDDJPOBEPS EPT DBCPT PV EP NPUPS 4. Resistência do enrolamento entre fases e entre fase-terra 'BµB NFEJEBT EF SFTJTU¸ODJB EP JTPMBNFOUP FOUSF GBTFT F FOUSF GBTF UFSSB
2. Verificação do contacto de controlo %F TFHVJEB WFSJGJRVF P DPOUBDUP EF DPOUSPMP SFMBUJWBNFOUF ° RVBMJEBEF EP DPOUBDUP
Bons resultados: 7BMPSFT EF SFTJTU¸ODJB CBJYPT F FRVJMJCSBEPT FN UPEBT BT US¸T GBTFT EP FTUBUPS 7BMPSFT FMFWBEPT EF SFTJTU¸ODJB OP UFTUF EF JTPMBNFOUP FOUSF GBTF UFSSB
#MPRVFJF F B TJOBMJ[F B EFTDPOFY³P EP BDDJP OBEPS &OHSFOF NBOVBMNFOUF P BDDJPOBEPS QBSB RVF PT DPOUBDUPT GJRVFN GFDIBEPT $POGJHVSF P NFEJEPS EF JTPMBNFOUP QBSB VNB HBNB EF low 0INT .FµB B SFTJTU¸ODJB BUSBW¶T EF DBEB DPOKVOUP EF DPOUBDUPT
Problemas: (SBOEFT EFGJDJ¸ODJBT OBT SFTJTU¸ODJBT DPNP VNB GBTF FN DVSUP DJSDVJUP 2VBMRVFS EFTFRVJMºCSJP OB SFTJTU¸ODJB FOUSF FOSPMBNFOUPT 4F BT MFJUVSBT EJGFSFN QPS VNB QFRVFOB NBSHFN QFSDFOUVBM ¶ QSP W¯WFM RVF P NPUPS O³P QPTTB TFS BDUJWBEP FN TFHVSBOµB