Inversores fotovoltaicos – informações básicas sobre design e planeamento

DUWLJR WpFQLFR

MRZIVWSVIW JSXSZSPXEMGSW ¯ MRJSVQEp~IW FjWMGEW WSFVI HIWMKR I TPERIEQIRXS

2 LQYHUVRU p R FRUDomR GH TXDOTXHU VLVWHPD IRWRYROWDLFR FRQYHUWH GLUHFWDPHQWH D FRUUHQWH GRV PyGXORV IRWRYROWDLFRV HP FRUUHQWH DOWHUQDGD FRPSDWtYHO DOLPHQWDGR D QD UHGH S~EOLFD 6LPXOWDQHDPHQWH FRQWUROD H PRQLWRUL]D WRGR R VLVWHPD 'HVWD IRUPD DVVHJXUD SRU XP ODGR TXH RV PyGXORV IRWRYROWDLFRV IXQFLRQDP VHPSUH QD VXD SRWrQFLD Pi[LPD HP IXQomR GD VXD UDGLDomR H WHPSHUDWXUD 3RU RXWUR ODGR PRQLWRUL]D FRQWLQXDPHQWH D UHGH GH HQHUJLD H p UHVSRQViYHO SHOR FXPSULPHQWR GH GLYHUVRV FULWpULRV GH VHJXUDQoD 71% -FqVMGE 8IGRSPSKME 7SPEV 70

3 MRZIVWSV GIVXS TEVE UYEPUYIV WMWXIQE )WXj HMWTSRuZIP RS QIVGEHS YQ KVERHI R QIVS HI MRZIVWSVIW JSXSZSPXEMGSW ¯ QEW SW ETEVIPLSW IWXnS GPEWWM½GEHSW GSQ FEWI IQ XVsW MQTSVXERXIW GEVEGXIVuWXMGEW TSXsRGME HIWMKR VIPEGMSREHS GSQ E GSVVIRXI GSRXuRYE I XSTSPSKME HS GMVGYMXS

3RWrQFLD % EPMQIRXEpnS HI TSXsRGME HMWTSRuZIP GSQI pE GSQ HSMW OMPS[EXXW I IWXIRHI WI EXq ESW QIKE[EXX %W EPMQIRXEp~IW QEMW GSQYRW WnS HI O; TEVE WMWXIQEW HSQqWXMGSW TVMZEHSW MRWXEPEHSW IQ XIPLEHSW O; TEVE WMWXI QEW MRHYWXVMEMW TSV I\IQTPS JjFVMGE SY XI PLEHSW HI GIPIMVSW I O; TEVE E YXM PM^EpnS IQ GIRXVEMW HI IRIVKME JSXSZSPXEMGE 60

&DEODJHP GR PyGXOR 3 HIWMKR VIPEGMSREHS GSQ E '' HM^ VIWTIMXS k GEFPEKIQ HIWHI SW QzHYPSW JSXSZSPXEMGSW ES MRZIVWSV 2IWXE PMKEpnS HMWXMRKYIQ WI S WXVMRK S QYPXM WXVMRK I SW MRZIVWSVIW GIR XVEMW IQ UYI S XIVQS ±WXVMRK² WI VIJIVI E YQE WqVMI HI QzHYPSW PMKEHE IQ WqVMI 3W MRZIVWSVIW QYPXM WXVMRK TSWWYIQ HYEW SY QEMW IRXVEHEW WXVMRK GEHE YQE GSQ S WIY TVzTVMS 144 XVEGOIV 4SRXS HI 4SXsRGME 1j\MQS ZIV IQ FEM\S )WXIW WnS YQE IWGSPLE TEVXMGYPEV QIRXI PzKMGE UYERHS S KIVEHSV JSXSZSPXEMGS q GSQTSWXS TSV HMJIVIRXIW WYF jVIEW SVMIR XEHEW HI JSVQEW HMJIVIRXIW SY TEVGMEPQIRXI k WSQFVE 3W MRZIVWSVIW GIRXVEMW ETIREW TSW WYIQ YQ 144 XVEGOIV ETIWEV HE EPMQIRXE pnS HI IRIVKME VIPEXMZEQIRXI EPXE )PIW IWXnS IWTIGMEPQIRXI FIQ IUYMTEHSW TEVE GIRXVEMW HI PEVKE IWGEPE GSQ YQ KIVEHSV LSQSKqRIS

7RSRORJLD GR FLUFXLWR 6IPEXMZEQIRXI k XSTSPSKME HS GMVGYMXS JE^ WI E HMWXMRpnS IRXVI MRZIVWSVIW YRMJjWMGSW I XVMJjWMGSW I IRXVI ETEVIPLSW GSQ SY WIQ XVERWJSVQEHSV -RZIVWSVIW YRMJjWMGSW WnS KI VEPQIRXI YWEHSW IQ TIUYIRSW WMWXIQEW IQ WMWXIQEW JSXSZSPXEMGSW QEMSVIW XIQ HI WIV YWEHE YQE VIHI HI ZjVMSW MRZIVWSVIW YRMJjWM GSW SY XVMJjWMGSW HIZMHS k GEVKE HIWIUYMPMFVE HE HI O:% 2S IRXERXS SW XVERWJSVQE HSVIW HIWXMREQ WI ES MWSPEQIRXS KEPZlRMGS

RIGIWWjVMS IQ EPKYRW TEuWIW I TIVQMXIQ E PMKEpnS k XIVVE HS QzHYPS JSXSZSPXEMGS

RIGIWWjVMS TEVE EPKYRW XMTSW HI QzHYPSW 7IQTVI UYI TSWWuZIP GSRXYHS WnS YWEHSW MRZIVWSVIW WIQ XVERWJSVQEHSV 7nS YQ TSY GS QIRSVIW I QEMW PIZIW HS UYI SW ETEVI PLSW GSQ XVERWJSVQEHSV I JYRGMSREQ GSQ QEMSV I½GMsRGME

DUWLJR WpFQLFR

%2(6)%7 &)68,)0 71% 730%6 8)',2303+= %+

'3278%28-2 1)=)6 71% 730%6 8)',2303+= %+

-2:)6736)7 *383:308%-'37 ¯ -2*361%e¬)7 &Å7-'%7 73&6) ()7-+2 ) 40%2)%1)283

WSFVI IPIW RnS TSHIQ WIV HIWPMKEHSW 7I S GEFS HS MRZIVWSV JSV HIWGSRIGXEHS HYVERXI S JYRGMSREQIRXS MWXS TSHI TVSZSGEV E JSVQE pnS HI YQ TIVMKSWS EVGS HI PY^ UYI RnS WI I\XMRKYI HIZMHS k GSVVIRXI HMVIGXE 7I S ETE VIPLS HI GSVXI IWXMZIV MRXIKVEHS HMVIGXEQIRXI RS MRZIVWSV SW XVEFEPLSW HI MRWXEPEpnS I HI GEFPEKIQ WIVnS VIHY^MHSW GSRWMHIVEZIPQIRXI

&RPXQLFDomR %W MRXIVJEGIW HI GSQYRMGEpnS RS MRZIVWSV TIVQMXIQ YQ GSRXVSPS I YQE QSRMXSVM^EpnS HI XSHSW SW TEVlQIXVSW HEHSW STIVEGMSREMW I VIRHMQIRXSW f TSWWuZIP IRGSRXVEV HEHSW I HI½RMV TEVlQIXVSW TEVE S MRZIVWSV EXVE ZqW HE GSRI\nS IQ VIHI ½IPHFYW MRHYWXVMEP GSQS 67 S 71% &PYIXSSXL WIQ ½SW 2E QEMSVME HSW GEWSW SW HEHSW WnS IRGSR XVEHSW EXVEZqW HI YQ HEXEPSKKIV UYI VI RI I TVITEVE SW HEHSW HI HMZIVWSW MRZIVWSVIW I WI HIWINEHS XVERWQMXI SW TEVE YQ TSVXEP HI HEHSW SRPMRI KVEXYMXS TSV I\IQTPS 7YRR] 4SVXEP HE 71%

*HVWmR GD WHPSHUDWXUD % XIQTIVEXYVE RE GEM\E HS MRZIVWSV XEQFqQ MR¾YIRGME E I½GMsRGME HE GSRZIVWnS 7I WYFMV HIQEWMEHS S MRZIVWSV XIVj HI VIHY^MV E WYE TSXsRGME )Q EPKYQEW GMVGYRWXlRGMEW E TS XsRGME HS QzHYPS HMWTSRuZIP TSHIVj RnS WIV YWEHE RE XSXEPMHEHI 4SV YQ PEHS E PSGEPM^EpnS HE MRWXEPEpnS EJIG XE E XIQTIVEXYVE TIPS UYI YQ EQFMIRXI GSRWXERXIQIRXI JVIWGS q S MHIEP 4SV SYXVS IWXj HMVIGXEQIRXI HITIRHIRXI HE STIVEpnS 62

HS MRZIVWSV EXq YQE I½GMsRGME HI TSV GIRXS WMKRM½GE YQE TIVHE HI IRIVKME HI HSMW TSV GIRXS ¯ RE JSVQE HI GEPSV 7I E IRIVKME HS WMWXIQE JSV O; E GETEGMHEHI XqVQMGE Qj\MQE EMRHE q HI ; 4SV MWWS q QYMXS MQTSVXERXI YQ WMWXIQE HI VIJVMKIVEpnS I½ GMIRXI I ½jZIP TEVE E MRGPYWnS ¯ GSQS S GSR GIMXS HI VIJVMKIVEpnS ±3TXM'SSP² HE 71% % IWXVYXYVE XqVQMGE TIVJIMXE HSW GSQTSRIR XIW TIVQMXI UYI IPIW HMWWMTIQ S WIY GEPSV HMVIGXEQIRXI TEVE S EQFMIRXI IRUYERXS UYI XSHE E GEM\E JYRGMSRE ES QIWQS XIQTS GSQS YQ HMWWMTEHSV HI GEPSV -WXS TIVQMXI UYI SW MRZIVWSVIW JYRGMSRIQ RE WYE GETE GMHEHI Qj\MQE QIWQS GSQ XIQTIVEXYVEW WYTIVMSVIW E '

3URWHFomR 9QE MRGPYWnS VIWMWXIRXI E MRXIQTqVMIW TIV JIMXEQIRXI GSRWXVYuHE IQ GSRJSVQMHEHI GSQ S KVEY HI TVSXIGpnS -4 TIVQMXI UYI S MRZIVWSV WINE MRWXEPEHS IQ UYEPUYIV PYKEV ES EV PMZVI % ZERXEKIQ UYERXS QEMW TVz\M QS HSW QzHYPSW S MRZIVWSV TSHIV WIV MRWXE PEHS XERXS QIRSV WIVj S KEWXS UYERHS GSQ TEVEHS GSQ E HMWTIRHMSWE GEFPEKIQ HI ''

4PERIEQIRXS HI WMWXIQEW JSXSZSPXEMGSW 3 TPERIEQIRXS TVS½WWMSREP I S HIWMKR HS WMWXIQE PIZEQ IQ GSRWMHIVEpnS EW GSRHMp~IW HS PSGEP HI MRWXEPEpnS RS UYI HM^ VIWTIMXS k WIPIGpnS HI QzHYPSW I HI GEFPEKIQ MRGPM REpnS HS XIPLEHS UYEPUYIV WSQFVE I GPEVS S EPMRLEQIRXS 2E %PIQERLE S VIRHMQIRXS Qj\MQS q GSRWIKYMHS UYERHS SW QzHYPSW

IWXnS ZMVEHSW TEVE WYP RYQ lRKYPS HI ETVS \MQEHEQIRXI KVEYW )Q WIKYMHE E WIPIGpnS HI YQ MRZIVWSV EHI UYEHS IQ XIVQSW HI HIWIQTIRLS I XIGRS PSKME q EFWSPYXEQIRXI IWWIRGMEP % GETEGMHEHI RSQMREP HS KIVEHSV JSXSZSPXEMGS TSHI WIV EXq HI^ TSV GIRXS WYTIVMSV k GETEGMHEHI RSQMREP HS MRZIVWSV 7I YQ MRZIVWSV IWXMZIV HIQEWME HS WYFHMQIRWMSREHS MWXS TSHI VI¾IGXMV WI RYQ IJIMXS RIKEXMZS RS VIRHMQIRXS HS WMWXI QE YQE ZI^ UYI S MRZIVWSV HIM\E HI GSR WIKYMV TVSGIWWEV TEVXI HE IRIVKME JSVRIGMHE TIPS QzHYPS HYVERXI TIVuSHSW HI IPIZEHE VE HMEpnS 8EQFqQ q MQTSVXERXI UYI E ZSPXEKIQ '' Qj\MQE RYRGE I\GIHE E ZSPXEKIQ HI IR XVEHE TIVQMXMHE HS MRZIVWSV ¯ GEWS GSRXVjVMS TSHIVj LEZIV HERSW RS MRZIVWSV &EWMGEQIRXI GEHE WMWXIQE JSXSZSPXEMGS q RMGS I XIQ HI WIV HIWIRLEHS GSRJSVQI E PSGEPM^EpnS IWTIGu½GE I EW RIGIWWMHEHIW IR ZSPZMHEW 4EVE JEGMPMXEV S TPERIEQIRXS HS WMW XIQE ESW MRWXEPEHSVIW SW JEFVMGERXIW GSQS E 71% SJIVIGIQ JIVVEQIRXEW HI TPERIE QIRXS TVS½WWMSREMW )\MWXIQ WSJX[EVIW KVE XYMXSW GSQS 7YRR] (IWMKR UYI TIVQMXIQ ESW IWTIGMEPMWXEW IQ IRIVKME WSPEV HIWIRLEV YQ WMWXIQE JSXSZSPXEMGS TIVWSREPM^EHS TEVE SW WIYW GPMIRXIW 3 TVSKVEQE EGIHI E YQE FEWI HI HEHSW GSQ XSHSW SW WMWXIQEW JSXS ZSPXEMGSW EGXYEMW I HEHSW QIXISVSPzKMGSW HI IPIZEHE VIWSPYpnS ZIVM½GE SW GSQTSRIRXIW XqGRMGSW GEPGYPE SW GSQTVMQIRXSW HSW GEFSW I EW WIGp~IW XVERWZIVWEMW I JSVRIGI HEHSW TEVE YQE EZEPMEpnS IGSRzQMGE HS WMWXIQE 4VITEVERHS S GEQMRLS TEVE YQ WMWXIQE JS XSZSPXEMGS TIVJIMXS