Monitorização de rolamentos de baixa rotação através de ultrassons

NOTA TÉCNICA

Monitorização de rolamentos de baixa rotação através de ultrassons Ž) „ƼŸƋåĵŸ )ƚųŅŞå

INTRODUÇÃO 4W TVSǻWWMSREMW HI QERYXIR±­S I ǻEFMPMHEHI HIZIQ KEVERXMV UYI SW EXMZSW TIPSW UYEMW W­S VIWTSRW«ZIMW IWXINEQ E JYRGMSREV GSVVIXEQIRXI I GSQS IWTIVEHS *WTIVE WI UYI IWXIW TVSǻWWMSREMW EZERGIQ GEHE ZI^ QEMW TEVE YQE QERYXIR±­S TVIHMXMZE IQ ZI^ HI YQE QERYXIR±­S VIEXMZE UYERHS YQE Q«UYMRE JEPLE +MGSY N« TVSZEHS UYI UYERHS EW J«FVMGEW I MRWXEPE±ÀIW X´Q YQ TVSKVEQE VSFYWXS HI QERYXIR±­S TVSEXMZE IWWE MRWXEPE±­S MV« JYRGMSREV GSQ QEMW WIKYVER±E GSQ QIRSW XIQTS HI MREXMZMHEHI I GSQ YQE QIPLSV UYEPMdade de produto.

4W TVSǻWWMSREMW HI QERYXIR±­S I ǻEFMPMHEHI X´Q Z«VMEW JIVVEQIRXEW TEVE QSRMXSVM^EV SW WIYW EXMZSW HI YQE JSVQE VIKYPEV )E QIWQE JSVQE UYI YQ Q³HMGS TSHI YXMPM^EV YQ IWXIXSWG¾TMS TEVE SYZMV SW batimentos cardíacos de um paciente ou um termómetro para medir E XIQTIVEXYVE SW TVSǻWWMSREMW HI QERYXIR±­S I ǻEFMPMHEHI YWEQ EW WYEW JIVVEQIRXEW HI QSRMXSVM^E±­S HI GSRHM±­S TEVE EZEPMEV E WEÅHI de um ativo.

ˆ ŒˆŒˆŊ Œˆ ˆ Ŋ Œ ~ 8SHS S IUYMTEQIRXS IQ JYRGMSREQIRXS KVERHI TEVXI HEW JYKEW HI EV SY K«W I XSHEW EW HIWGEVKEW IP³XVMGEW TVSHY^IQ YQE EQTPE KEQE HI WSRW HI EPXE JVIUY´RGME 4W ETEVIPLSW HI YPXVEWWSRW W­S GETE^IW de detetar e captar estes ultrassons. Os sons de alta frequência estão EGMQE HS EPGERGI HE EYHM±­S LYQERE ,IVEPQIRXI EW SRHEW WSRSVEW WIRXMHEW TSV LYQERSW IWX­S IRXVI SW -^ I SW O-^ GSQ YQ PMQMEV Q³HMS HI EYHM±­S LYQERE RSVQEP IQ XSVRS HSW O-^ I YQ TVSǻWWMSREP HI QERYXIR±­S YXMPM^EV YQ MRWXVYQIRXS HI YPXVEWWSQ GSQ YQE GETEGMHEHI HI WMRXSRM^E±­S HI JVIUY´RGME E JVIUY´RGME QEMW FEM\E UYI TSHI WIV ENYWXEHE ³ HI O-^ I S MRWXVYQIRXS UYI JSV YXMPM^EHS XMZIV YQE JVIUY´RGME ǻ\E IWXE ³ KIVEPQIRXI GIRXVEHE IQ XSVRS HSW O-^ (SQS VIWYPXEHS S MRWXVYQIRXS YPXVEWW¾RMGS GSRWIKYI SYZMV WSRW UYI IWX­S TEVE EP³Q HS EPGERGI HE RSVQEP EYHM±­S humana.

5SV REXYVI^E EW SRHEW WSRSVEW HI EPXE JVIUY´RGME W­S WMREMW HI SRHE GYVXSW TSVXERXS W­S YQE JSRXI HI IRIVKME FEM\E I XIRHIQ E R­S ZMENEV QYMXS PSRKI HE WYE JSRXI .WXS XSVRE QEMW J«GMP TEVE SW YXMPM^EHSVIW HI XIGRSPSKME HI YPXVEWWSRW E MHIRXMǻGE±­S I PSGEPM^E±­S HI YQE JYKE HI EV GSQTVMQMHS SY HI YQ TVSFPIQE QIG¬RMGS IWTIG¸ǻGS *\MWXIQ JSRXIW TVMRGMTEMW HI YPXVEWWSQ TEVE EW ETPMGE±ÀIW X¸TMGEW HI QERYXIR±­S IQ MRWXEPE±ÀIW J«FVMGEW 1. Turbulência GSQS YQE JYKE HI EV GSQTVMQMHS K«W TEVE E EXQSWJIVE JYKEW HI EV IQ Z«GYS SY YQE JYKE RYQE Z«PZYPE SY TYVKEHSV de vapor.

2. +VMG±­S GVMEHE TSV YQ VSPEQIRXS GSQ TSYGE QEWWE PYFVMǻGERXI 6YERHS YQ VSPEQIRXS WI GSQI±E E HIWKEWXEV I E QSWXVEV JEHMKE XEQF³Q L« EYQIRXSW RSW WSRW HI EPXE JVIUY´RGME UYI IQMXI EX³ ES TSRXS HI WI TSHIV SYZMV I MHIRXMǻGEV EW JVIUY´RGMEW HI JEPLE

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HS VSPEQIRXS GSQS TSV I\IQTPS YQE JEPLE RS ERIP MRXIVMSV ERIP I\XIVMSV IWJIVEW IRXVI SYXVSW 3. .SRM^E±­S GVMEHE E TEVXMV HI ERSQEPMEW IP³XVMGEW GSQS S IJIMXS GSVSE EVFSVIWG´RGME I EVGS IP³XVMGS 4W MRWXVYQIRXSW HI YPXVEWWSQ JSVRIGIQ XERXS MRJSVQE±ÀIW UYEPMXEXMZEW GSQS UYERXMXEXMZEW & MRJSVQE±­S UYEPMXEXMZE ³ HEHE EXVEZ³W HI EYWGYPXEHSVIW HIZMHS ª GETEGMHEHI HI SYZMV S VSPEQIRXS &W MRJSVQE±ÀIW UYEPMXEXMZEW XEQF³Q W­S HEHEW RS IGV­ HS MRWXVYQIRXS HI YPXVEWWSRW EXVEZ³W HSW R¸ZIMW HI HIGMF³MW H' UYERHS S GSRXEGXS ³ JIMXS GSQ S VSPEQIRXS SY UYERHS E JYKE HI EV ³ HIXIXEHE &PKYRW MRWXVYQIRXSW HI YPXVEWWSRW X´Q E GETEGMHEHI HI ZMWYEPM^EV S ++8 (Fast Fourier Transform) ou Forma de Onda ao longo do Tempo daquilo que IWX« E WIV SYZMHS TIPS MRWTIXSV IQ XIQTS VIEP ª QIHMHE UYI SW HEHSW W­S VIGSPLMHSW & GETEGMHEHI HI EREPMWEV I ZMWYEPM^EV ++8 I E +SVma de Onda ao longo do Tempo de ultrassons gravados possibitam ES MRWTIXSV IJIXYEV HMEKR¾WXMGSW EZER±EHSW &P³Q HMWWS E JVIUY´RGME HI JEPLE HI YQ VSPEQIRXS TSHI WIV MHIRXMǻGEHE SY TSHI WI XEQF³Q HIXIXEV YQE JEPLE RE PYFVMǻGE±­S I SW YPXVEWWSRW IWXMZIVIQ E WIV YXMPM^EHSW TEVE MRWTI±ÀIW IP³XVMGEW Ƴ GSQS S IJIMXS GSVSE EVFSVIWG´RGME I EVGS IP³XVMGS Ƴ IWXEW TSHIQ WIV JEGMPQIRXI MHIRXMǻGEHSW EXVEZ³W HE ER«PMWI HI ++8 SY +SVQE HI 4RHE ES PSRKS HS 8IQTS HI YPXVEWWSRW previamente gravados.

INSPEÇÃO DE ROLAMENTOS ATRAVÉS DE ULTRASSONS A análise de vibração tem sido há muito a ferramenta de eleição para MRWTIGMSREV VSPEQIRXSW I SYXVSW IUYMTEQIRXSW VSXEXMZSW (EHE ZI^ QEMW SW YPXVEWWSRW X´Q WMHS YXMPM^EHSW NYRXEQIRXI GSQ E ER«PMWI HI ZMFVE±­S TEVE ENYHEV SW X³GRMGSW E GSRǻVQEV E GSRHM±­S HSW EXMZSW QIG¬RMGSW )IZMHS ª ZIVWEXMPMHEHI HSW YPXVEWWSRW WI YQE MRWXEPE±­S R­S XMZIV YQ TVSKVEQE VSFYWXS HI ER«PMWI HI ZMFVE±­S IWXIW TSHIQ ser usados para detetar falhas precoces em rolamentos. Se a análise HI ZMFVE±­S JSV VIEPM^EHE TSV YQ TVIWXEHSV HI WIVZM±S I\XIVRS RYQE FEWI XVMQIWXVEP SY QIRWEP SW YPXVEWWSRW TSHIQ XEQF³Q WIV YXMPM^EHSW HYVERXI S TIV¸SHS MRXIVQ³HMS .WXS TIVQMXI MHIRXMǻGEV E GSRHM±­S HI EPKYRW HSW EXMZSW QEMW GV¸XMGSW ERXIW UYI S JSVRIGIHSV HI WIVZM±SW IRXVI RE MRWXEPE±­S I EWWMQ S XIQTS HS JSVRIGIHSV HI WIVZM±SW TSHI WIV YXMPM^EHS GSQ QEMW IǻG«GME N« UYI E J«FVMGE WEFI UYI L« YQ TVSFPIQE IQMRIRXI GSQ SW EXMZSW UYI IWX­S E WIV QSRMXSVM^EHSW TSV YPXVEWWSQ 4 JSVRIGIHSV HI WIVZM±SW TSHI EWWMQ IWXEFIPIGIV TVMSVMHEHIW 4YXVS GIR«VMS RS UYEP SW YPXVEWWSRW TSHIQ WIV YXMPM^EHSW GSQ TVIJIV´RGME WSFVI E ER«PMWI HI ZMFVE±­S ³ RE QSRMXSVM^E±­S HI VSPEQIRXSW HI FEM\E VSXE±­S & QSRMXSVM^E±­S HSW VSPEQIRXSW HI FEM\E VSXE±­S GSQ YPXVEWWSRW ³ IJIXMZEQIRXI FEWXERXI WMQTPIW (SQS E QEMSVME HSW instrumentos ultrasónicos possuem uma ampla faixa de sensibilidade I ENYWXI HI JVIUY´RGME ³ TSWW¸ZIP SYZMV E UYEPMHEHI EGÅWXMGE HS VSPEQIRXS WSFVIXYHS IQ ZIPSGMHEHIW QEMW PIRXEW