Romberg Tiburon Design Collaboratory 2017

Romberg Tiburon Design Collaboratory

September-March 2017

The Architecture and Architectural Engineering Departments are two of the five departments that comprise the College of Architecture & Environmental Design.

The other departments are: City & Regional Planning Construction Management Landscape Architecture

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Copyright Š 2017 by AeD Press/ Architecture Department, College of Architecture and Environmental Design, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America.

No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission of the copyright owners. All images in this book have been reproduced with the knowledge and prior consent of the artists concerned. And no responsibility is accepted by the producer, publisher, or printer for any infringement of copyright or otherwise arising from the contents of this publication.

Printed and bound by Cal Poly Print & Copy.

This book was first published in the United States of America and printed by Cal Poly Print and Copy.

Copies of this book are available at lulu.com Publication Design: Snehal Daliya Publication Editors: Thomas Fowler and Kevin Dong For information regarding permission(s) write to:

California Polytechnic State University

College of Architecture and Environmental Design

Architecture Department

1 Grand Avenue

San Luis Obispo, CA 93407

architecture

Thomas Fowler Kevin Dong

ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING 2016 – 2017

Design Collaboratory

College of Architecture and Environmental Design Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo, CA

The team that worked on San Francisco State University’s Romberg Tiburon Center (RTC) for Environmental Studies was composed of a talented group of undergraduate, graduate and visiting international students. We thank the RTC and John Kern for providing the opportunity to research and design this re purposed steel water tank. This project is repurposed as a conference center with cafe, care taker space, observation deck and small exhibition area.

The Design Collaboratory is an award winning (NCARB Prize, Auto Desk Grant and national student design competition recognition), multi-disciplinary group of undergraduate and graduate students, and faculty (from architecture and architectural engineering, joined occasionally by planning, construction management and civil engineering), that work directly with industry partners in developing building design projects. Professsors Dong and Fowler have collaborated on these types of projects, which use interdisciplinary student groups, for more than 10 years. They bring more than 30 years of professional expereince which provides avenues for insightful research and innovative design proposals, and leverage approximately 40 years of teaching experience to mentor and enable students to create holistic design solutions.

Introduction

We have enjoyed seeing how much students learn in their interactions with one another, with the RTC, and with us. They have grown as designers, problem solvers, and innovators by solving “real world� building design challenges since they worked directly with the building users, John Kern and Kathy Boyer.

Sincerely, Professor Kevin Dong Professor Thomas Fowler

Professor Thomas Fowler, DPACSA, NCARB, AIA The Director of the Graduate Program of Architecture and a Professor of Architecture.

Thomas’ teaching responsibilities include third and fourth year design and building technology courses, working with a range of four and fifth year independent study students and has been co-teaching as part of the Collaboratory Building Design Studio since 2007.

Prior to beginning his teaching career at Cal Poly, Thomas worked with a range of architecture firms in New York City and Washington, DC for over a 13 year period. His work was highly collaborative with a range of disciplines on small to large scaled building types.

Professor Kevin Dong, PhD, SE The Associate Dean of Administration of the College of Architecture and Environmental Design and Professor of Architectural Engineering.

Kevin’s teaching responsibilities range from 2nd year technology classes through graduate structural systems and seismic engineering courses, and has been co- teaching the Collaboratory Building Design Studio since 2007.

Prior to beginning his teaching career at Cal Poly, Kevin practiced holistic design with Ove Arup & Partners (ARUP) for 13 years, starting as an Arup Fellow in London and then moving to the San Francisco office. During his tenure with ARUP he worked on numerous projects nationally and internationally that required collaboration and integration of all disciplines from design inception through construction and occupancy.

project research | site analysis

Sliced

Contents

Pierced by the Sun

Tank In-Tension

34-49

16-33

16-33

01-15

project research | site analysis Tiburon, California

1

Site Research

The teams visited the site at tiburon in order to explore the context of the existing water tank.

Attractive views over the bay (left, bottom) were found to be a significant feature of the elevated site.

The materiality of the tank (right) was thoroughly documented, to inform the technical aspect of the rehabilitation.

The surroundings (below) were measured in order to provide accurate spatial context, considering the tank’s proximity to existing buildings.

Berkeley

San Francisco 1 LOCATION

Location

The Romberg Tiburon Center is located in the Southeastern region of Marin County on the Tiburon peninsula. This sunny and quaint area of town is accessible by one road past the San Francisco Bay bridge, about 20 minutes drive from San Francisco State University. The site is located next to an east facing slope, adjacent to the wharf that was used during World War II and connects to San Francisco.

4

The unique aspects of this site include the water depth in the bay and connection to the Sacramento River. The RTC is located at the deepest part of the bay along the peninsula. This was an advantage when the site was used as a boating dock for the Navy in the early 1900’s. The Sacramento River flows from the north end of the site, through the site, then into the San Francisco Bay. The fresh water flow allows the RTC to have a constant salt water source for marine research.

1

1

1 5

7

9

8

10`

11`

Precedent Studies

FORM FINDING

6

12

13

14

PROPOSED MATERIALS

While this project is unique in many ways, one of the most obvious is it’s original cylindrical shape. While all of us are extremely comfortable with rectilinear forms, the RTC water tank reuse project proved to push the boundaries of our ability to literally “think outside the box”. It was clear from the start that we would need some inspiration.

In order to develop and progress with our designs, a solid concept was required. This is where the idea of form finding takes root. While form finding can be defined in a number of ways, there were five primary paths each team had the opportunity to take: tension (inversion), weaving & layering, compression, topology of modules and packing & tiling.

With the RTC being next to the San Francisco Bay, the selected materials can withstand salt water exposure. Proposed materials include primarily steel, glass, and minimal concrete.

7

8

Programming

9

3

4

5

6

1870

1900

1940

1958

Cod Fish Production

Coaling Station for Navy Ships

Net Depot

Marine Service

- Because of its deep water location - Flight path due to Sacramento River

- A central location for coal and oil - Cable reeling during construction of the Golden Gate Brige

- Construction of anti-torpedo and anti-submarine nets

- National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration - Few labs - Makeshift greenhouses

The RTC has been around since the late 1800’s and it was originally used as a cod fish facility, where fish were dried and sold at the local markets.

Coal was used as fuel in the early 1900’s, and the site was used as a feuling station for the navy ships.

During WWII, The navy continued to use the area as a coaling station and for manufacturing large metal torpedo nets that were used under the Golden Gate Bridge.

The site was sold to SFSU for $1.00 and it is now being used for biology and marine research.

Site Background

HISTORY

10

Elevation: 131’-0”

Efficient & Flexible Integration of Programs Multi-Story Mixed Purpose Spaces Full Height Atrium Space Private Micro-living quarters for Caretaker Public Spaces for Exhibitions and Gathering Student Spaces for Eating & Gathering

Reuse of Existing Tank Material Integration with Site Circulation Clearly Expressed Structural Rehabilitation

Icons [Online Images]. (nd) Retrieved February 7th 2017 from www.thenounproject.com

Key Concepts

Reuse & Rehabilitation of Historic Structure

11

Jon McCall Isaac Cameron Jennifer Briggs Sridhevi Vaidyanathan Fabio Rainold

Sliced 12

I was happy to get the chance to immerse myself in a collaborative culture like this studio. This project has opened my eyes to the posibilities in the existing structures around me.

Jon McCall Modesto, CA

As an architecture graduate student at Cal Poly, it has been a wonderful experience working in a collaborative design studio. This whole design process gave us opportunities to explore, analyze, understand and resolve the various design challenges associated with interdisciplinary work.

Sridhevi Vaidyanathan Bangalore, India As a graduate student you often fall into the trap of thinking you know more than you do. This project, the collaboration and the people have helped to remind me that there is a lot to learn. In this process, I have gained valuable knowledge about designing that I can apply to many other facets of life.

Jennifer Briggs Placentia, CA

I am very happy that as a graduate student in Architecture from Switzerland I had the opportunity to study for one quarter at Cal Poly.

It was a nice experience to work on this unique project in a collaborative setting. It gave me a chance to improve my own skills and bring the project to another level.

Fabio Rainoldi Switzerland

As an Architectural Engineering student, this studio was a valuable experience in working with a truly integrated interdisciplinary team.

Working with international architecture students provided valuable insight into how other countries and cultures approach design.

Isaac Cameron Loleta, CA

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SLICED

14

15

A1

A2

A5

Precedents

A4

A3

Brasschaat Water Tower

16

A9

A7

A8

A10

Jaegersborg Water Tower

Precedents

A6

17

A11

A12

3 ft

16 ft

Precedents

A13

A14

3 ft

16 ft

Wasserturm Essen

18

A15

A16

12 East Street

Precedents

A17

19

20

21

Initial Sketches

22

Programming

23

Plans

24

Form Finding

02 25

Lighting/Ventilation

Structural Analysis

Deflection due to lateral load

Structural Framing lay out

Analysis model (taken from RISA 3D)

Axial forces due to lateral loading

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27

Assembly

28

Renderings

View toward the bay

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30

Model Images

31

Model Images

32

33

Patrick Brutzman Daniela Wagner Nick Gasparini Karen Freda Sonja Senn

Pierced by the Sun

34

Patrick Brutzman Monterey, CA

Nick Gasparini Redwood City, CA

I am an ARCE grad student in my fifth year at cal poly. I am interested in collaborative design as an opportunity to explore structural expression in architecture, and to gain some experience with an integrated design studio process. This studio has been an excellent setting for developing and practicing these skills.

22 years of age. Pursuing a Masters in Architecture with a Specialization in Architectural Engineering.

It has been a beneficial learning experience dealing with the conflicts that arise between disciplines.

It has been very interesting working together to find a solution that satisfies both architects and engineers, as well as all everyone else I‘m a graduate student from the

Daniela Wagner N u r e m b u r g , Daniela Wagner NĂźrnberg, Germany

Tech Student in Germany.

I’mNuremberg a Graduate of As an international I really architecture fromstudent, germany. this interdisciplinary Asenjoyed an International StudentproIt was a enjoyed great experience I ject.really this to work together with students Itfrom interdisciplinary project. different this gave was a fields, great because experience me the opportunity a lot of towork togetherto gainwith knowledge from about structural students different design. because this gave fields, me the opportunity to gain a lot of knowledge about structural design.

Karen Freda Morgan Hill, CA

Sonja Senn Lucerne, Swizerland

I am an ARCE graduate student from Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo. Working in a collaborative group of ARCH and ARCE students has been a great blend of creativity and practicality. It has been great being in a studio class again and being able to work to bring our knowledge of structures and architectural design together.

I am a graduate student in Architecture from Lucerne, Switzerland. My exchange term here at Cal Poly was an amazing experience for me. To do a project like this in a collaboration with ARCE students was interesting and instructional.

Working in a team is the most important thing in our field of work. It is sometimes stressful, but the results show that this collaboration is a useful or even a necessary thing.

35

Pierced by the Sun

36

37

Precedent-Tower Close

B2

B1

B5 B6 B3

B4

B7 38

B11

B12

Precedent-Public Folly

B8 B9

B13

B10

B14 39

40

Concept- Weaving & Layering

41

Form Finding

42

Concept in Context

43

Program Consideration

jun. 20

. 21

t sep dec

Sun Considerations

. 21

GSEducationalVersion

09

Section_Sun Study

1:128

44

Early Iterations

GSEducationalVersion

45

Structural Integration

2nd Floor

3rd Floor

4th Floor

5th Floor

46

47

Structural Modeling

48

Lighting Study

49

Lighting Analysis

50

Interior Renders

51

52

53

Mika Marsh Justine Neves Nadine Bussinger Elvis Hernandez

Tank In-Tension

As a graduate student in Architectural Engineering at Cal Poly, we are fortunate theseit was types of As a graduate student in Architecture to from have Switzerland an interesting experience experiences with other coming to Cal Poly and working with students from other countries with different I truly believebut that backgrounds. The collaboration with disciplines. engineers was challenging working in a group these types ofFurthermore collaborative can take a design project further in their development. we can learn from environments are what set us each other in many aspects. apart from other universities.

It has been beneficial in a number of ways to coordinate Nadine Bussinger with the Architecture students Küttigen, Switzerland from the beginning of the project. It was refreshing to

get an input during the design Justine Neves If Mika there Marsh is something wrong can you cphase. orrect it? ;) Santa Cruz, CA San Diego, CA

Nadine Bussinger Nüttigen, Switzerland

As a graduate student in Architecture from Switzerland, it was an interesting experience coming to Cal Poly and working with students from other countries with different backgrounds.

While collaborating with engineers was challenging at times, working in a group can take a design project further in its development.

Furthermore, we can learn from each other in many different ways.

As a graduate student in Architecture at Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo, I have my bachelors in art from University of California, Santa Cruz. I have a passion for where art and architecture meet, with form, function and meaning. This collaborative studio has been interesting and dynamic learning experience I will continue to carry with me in my professional career.

As an Architectural Engineering graduate student, I am passionate about all things structure and architecture.

With this experience, I look forward to continuously working in a collaborative environment among design professionals.

Elvis Hernandez Guatemala

Tank In-Tension

Precedent Studies C1

C1

C2

C2 C2

C2

Precedent Studies

C2

C2

Concept

Another challenging aspect of this project was determining what material the building skin is actually made of. Fabric? Tension Cables? What were it’s density characteristics? Enclosed? Open? There were so many factors to consider for one piece of the overall project. Initially, we had started experimenting with different types of fabrics; however, we realized that by wrapping the tank entirely in fabric, any historical recognition became lost and the project suddenly became visually massive within the site. This was when we ultimately decided to create a “netting� of our own using tension cables in order to control density and configuration.

Concept

From early explorations of form finding, we knew that if we were to use a building skin as the primary expression of tension, we needed to have a dynamic floor system to define the form.

Understanding that the shape of each floor was directly related to the building form, we tried many iterations throughout the design process. These iterations looked at the number of protrusions or points on each floor plate as well as their relative orientations and elevations. We quickly realized that with limited available space surrounding the existing water tank, we would not be able to significantly extend beyond the tank walls.

Observation Deck

Micro Food Prep Multipurpose Space Observation Deck

Program

Restrooms Public Entry Multipurpose Space Exhibition Observation Deck

Restrooms Micro Food Prep Dining Private Entry Caretaker Unit

Planning

Lighting & Ventilation

Lighting Analysis

Through experimentation with the opening in the tank, we moved from a conservative triangular shape to a full-height angled opening.

These evolved openings are oriented primarily South for maximum natural light, yet our balconies extend out to allow shading in the summer months.

Structure Gravity Analysis

Pipe Connection

Structure

Tension Cables

Diagrid to Floor

Final Design

Renderings

Renderings

1. Google Maps. (2016). [California Polytechnic State University] [Satellite Map] Retrieved from https://www.google.com/maps/@37.8901729,-122.4475169,1272m/data=!3m1!1e3 2. Topographic Information for Marin County. (2016). Kennedy Library. September 2016.

3. 1870 RTC History [San Francisco State University] [Online PDF]. Retrieved May 3rd, 2016 from http://rtc.sfsu.edu/outreach/OLLI_RTCresearch.pdf 4. 1900 RTC History [San Francisco State University] [Online PDF]. Retrieved May 3rd, 2016 from http://rtc.sfsu.edu/outreach/OLLI_RTCresearch.pdf 5. 1940 RTC History [Online Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved May 3rd, 2016 from http://www.hnsa.org/resources/manuals-documents/single-topic/net-and-boom-defenses/ 6. Coastline Community College [Online Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved May 20th, 2016 from http://www.prweb.com/releases/2014/05/prweb11838928.htm 7. Stuttgart Station. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Feb. 2017. <https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/48/fb/80/48fb807be411ebfa7 3820d81ca42fbb4.jpg>.

8. Metz Museum-Ban. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Feb. 2017. <https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/64/aa/4d/64aa4d03157e7f 2ac8277af8d75b31cc.jpg>.

9. Watercube. Digital image. E-Architect. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Feb. 2017. <http://www.e-architect.co.uk/images/jpgs/beijing/watercube_ arup080908_czhouruoguarchitecturephotography.jpg>.

10. ITO Opera House. Digital image. Metalocus. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Feb. 2017. <http://www.metalocus.es/sites/default/files/file-images/ml_toyo ito_taichung-opera-house-03_1024.jpg>.

11. Foster British Museum. Digital image. E-Architect. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Feb. 2017. <http://www.e-architect.co.uk/images/jpgs/london/brit ish_museum_roof_j090912_j.jpg>.

12. Structural Glass Vestibules. Digital image. Bellwether Design Tech. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2017. <http://bellwetherdesigntech.com/prod ucts/vestibules/>.

13. Corten Steel Structure. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2017. <https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/75/25/71/7525711c0b6 699f5fd994a42f2ccd865.jpg>.

14. Burdette, Dwight. Steel Frame Structure. Digital image. Understand Construction. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Feb. 2017. <http://www.understand construction.com/steel-frame-structures.html>.

Works Cited

A1. Repurposed Water Tower -Tower House in Brasschaat | DETAIL inspiration. (n.d.). Retrieved September 26, 2016, from http://www.detail online.com/inspiration/tower-house-in-brasschaat-106807.html A2. Original Water Tower - Tower House in Brasschaat | DETAIL inspiration. (n.d.). Retrieved September 26, 2016, from http://www.detail-online. com/inspiration/tower-house-in-brasschaat-106807.html A3. Floorwise Activity Mapping -Antwerp Water Tower Transformed Into Translucent 6-Story Apartment. (n.d.). Retrieved September 26, 2016,

from http://inhabitat.com/antwerp-water-tower-transformed-into-translucent-6-story-apartment/wonig-moereels-6/ A4. Facade View - Crepain Binst Architecture. (n.d.). Retrieved September 27, 2016, from http://www.crepainbinst.be/portfolio/water-tower brasschaat/ A5. Aerial View - Antwerp Water Tower Transformed Into Translucent 6-Story Apartment. (n.d.). Retrieved September 26, 2016, from http:// inhabitat.com/antwerp-water-tower-transformed-into-translucent-6-story-apartment/wonig-moereels-6/ A6. Rendering - “Jaegersborg Water Tower / Dorte Mandrup Arkitekter.” ArchDaily. N.p., 05 Oct. 2008. Web. 25 Sept. 2016. http://www.arch daily.com/6748/jaegersborg-water-tower-dorte-mandrup-arkitekter A7. External Cladding - “Jaegersborg Water Tower / Dorte Mandrup Arkitekter.” ArchDaily. N.p., 05 Oct. 2008. Web. 25 Sept. 2016. http://www. archdaily.com/6748/jaegersborg-water-tower-dorte-mandrup-arkitekter

A8. Daylighting and Layout - “Jaegersborg Water Tower / Dorte Mandrup Arkitekter.” ArchDaily. N.p., 05 Oct. 2008. Web. 25 Sept. 2016. http:// www.archdaily.com/6748/jaegersborg-water-tower-dorte-mandrup-arkitekter A9. Programming - “Jaegersborg Water Tower / Dorte Mandrup Arkitekter.” ArchDaily. N.p., 05 Oct. 2008. Web. 25 Sept. 2016. http://www.arch daily.com/6748/jaegersborg-water-tower-dorte-mandrup-arkitekter A10. Floor Plan - “Jaegersborg Water Tower / Dorte Mandrup Arkitekter.” ArchDaily. N.p., 05 Oct. 2008. Web. 25 Sept. 2016. http://www.archdaily. com/6748/jaegersborg-water-tower-dorte-mandrup-arkitekter A11. Outside View - Madako, Britta Neumayr (Telephone interview). 25 Sept. 2016.

A12. Aerial View - “Wasserturm in Essen Bredeney “ 31M Agentur für Kommunikation GmbH. N.p., n.d. 5. July 2016. Web. 25 Sept. 2016. https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q5fRumfM61c A13. Floor - Madako, Britta Neumayr (Telephone interview). 25 Sept. 2016.

A14. Interior Window View - Madako, Britta Neumayr (Telephone interview). 25 Sept. 2016.

A15. East 12th St Water Tank Renovation - Polsky, Sara. “Manhattan’s Coolest Water Tank Up for Sale for $3.6 Million.”Curbed NY. N.p., 2012. Web.

24 Sept. 2016.

A16. Water Tank Window - Messana O’Rorke. “EAST 12TH STREET TANK HOUSE.” EAST 12TH STREET TANK HOUSE. Messana O’Rorke, n.d. Web. 24

Sept. 2016.

A17. East 12th St Renovation Floor Plan - Polsky, Sara. “Manhattan’s Coolest Water Tank Up for Sale for $3.6 Million.”Curbed NY. N.p., 2012. Web.

24 Sept. 2016.

B1. Xie, Jenny. “Live in This Darling Converted Water Tower for $1.18M.” Curbed. Curbed, 02 Apr.

2015. Web. 16 Mar. 2017. <http://www.curbed.com/2015/4/2/9974306/water-tower-house-sale> B2. Xie, Jenny. “Live in This Darling Converted Water Tower for $1.18M.” Curbed. Curbed, 02 Apr.

2015. Web. 16 Mar. 2017. <http://www.curbed.com/2015/4/2/9974306/water-tower-house-sale> B3. Xie, Jenny. “Live in This Darling Converted Water Tower for $1.18M.” Curbed. Curbed, 02 Apr.

2015. Web. 16 Mar. 2017. <http://www.curbed.com/2015/4/2/9974306/water-tower-house-sale> B4. Xie, Jenny. “Live in This Darling Converted Water Tower for $1.18M.” Curbed. Curbed, 02 Apr.

2015. Web. 16 Mar. 2017. <http://www.curbed.com/2015/4/2/9974306/water-tower-house-sale>

B6. Xie, Jenny. “Live in This Darling Converted Water Tower for $1.18M.” Curbed. Curbed, 02 Apr.

2015. Web. 16 Mar. 2017. <http://www.curbed.com/2015/4/2/9974306/water-tower-house-sale> B7. Xie, Jenny. “Live in This Darling Converted Water Tower for $1.18M.” Curbed. Curbed, 02 Apr.

2015. Web. 16 Mar. 2017. <http://www.curbed.com/2015/4/2/9974306/water-tower-house-sale> B8. Villa, Valentina, Ariana Zilliacus, Sabrina Leiva, Sabrina Santos, Rene Submissions, Cristobal

Rojas, Patrick Lynch, and Fernanda Castro. “Gallery of Public Folly - Water Tower Renovation / META - Project - 4.” ArchDaily. N.p.,n.d.

Web. 16 Mar. 2017. <http://www.archdaily.com/417034/public-folly-water-tower-renovation-meta project/5210a62be8e44e4bf90001bd-public-folly-water-tower-renovation-meta-project-photo> B9. Villa, Valentina, Ariana Zilliacus, Sabrina Leiva, Sabrina Santos, Rene Submissions, Cristobal Rojas, Patrick Lynch, and Fernanda Castro.

“Gallery of Public Folly - Water Tower Renovation / META - Project - 3.” ArchDaily. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2017. <http://www. archdaily.com/417034/public-folly-water-tower-renovation-meta-project/5210a518e8e44e4bf90001ae-public-folly-water-tower-ren ovation-meta-project-photo>

Works Cited

B5. Xie, Jenny. “Live in This Darling Converted Water Tower for $1.18M.” Curbed. Curbed, 02 Apr.

2015. Web. 16 Mar. 2017. <http://www.curbed.com/2015/4/2/9974306/water-tower-house-sale>

B10. Villa, Valentina, Ariana Zilliacus, Sabrina Leiva, Sabrina Santos, Rene Submissions, Cristobal Rojas, Patrick Lynch, and Fernanda Castro.

“Gallery of Public Folly - Water Tower Renovation / META - Project - 5.” ArchDaily. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2017. <http://www. archdaily.com/417034/public-folly-water-tower-renovation-meta-project/5210a4e3e8e44e20300001af-public-folly-water-towerren ovation-meta-project-photo> B11. Villa, Valentina, Ariana Zilliacus, Sabrina Leiva, Sabrina Santos, Rene Submissions, Cristobal Rojas, Patrick Lynch, and Fernanda Castro.

“Gallery of Public Folly - Water Tower Renovation / META - Project - 1.” ArchDaily. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2017. <http://www. archdaily.com/417034/public-folly-water-tower-renovation-meta-project/5210ab5ee8e44e20300001b3-public-folly-water-tower renovation-meta-project-cut-model> B12. Villa, Valentina, Ariana Zilliacus, Sabrina Leiva, Sabrina Santos, Rene Submissions, Cristobal Rojas, Patrick Lynch, and Fernanda Castro.

“Gallery of Public Folly - Water Tower Renovation / META - Project - 2.” ArchDaily. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2017. <http://www.archdaily.com/417034/public-folly-water-tower-renovation-meta-project/5210a5c0e8e44e4bf90001b7-public-folly water-tower-renovation-meta-project-photo> B12 C1. Medland, Mark. marcmedland. http://marcmedland.co.uk/architect/portfolio/water-tank-cornwall/ Accessed 23 September 2016

Works Cited

C2. “Watertower / Rocha Tombal Architects.” ArchDaily. N.p., 05 June 2012. Web. 27 Sept. 2016.