Coursework - Christian Wagner

A CHRONOLOGY

CHRISTIAN WAGNER Bachelor of Architecture - Carnegie Mellon University christianwwagner@gmail.com www.christianwwagner.com

ARTICHOKE PATH DRAWING PRECEDENT BENCH MUSIC DIGITAL MEDIA ROCK & ROLL

ARTICHOKE

ARTICHOKE

PATH

PATH

DRAWING

DRAWING

PRECEDENT

PRECEDENT

BENCH

bench

BENCH

MUSIC

MUSIC

1

DIGITAL MEDIA

DIGITAL MEDIA

ROCK & ROLL

ROCK & ROLL

MUSEUM ANNEX BRIDGE BLIND MOBILE LIBRARY MEDICAL LIBRARY STAR WARS

BRIDGE

BRIDGE

MUSEUM ANNEX

MUSEUM ANNEX

partners: Andrew Werner, Annie Bodhidatta, Zach Reed, Patrick Russell

BLIND

partners: Andrew Werner, Annie Bodhidatta, Zach Reed, Patrick Russell

BLIND

MOBILE LIBRARY

MOBILE LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

STAR WARS

STAR WARS

SUMMER STUDY ABROAD: HONG KONG SHANGHAI BEIJING XI’AN SINGAPORE

STUDY ABROAD

STUDY ABROAD

STUDY ABROAD

STUDY ABROAD

ROWING DIGIFAB STEEL MUSEUM ANNEX STEEL MUSEUM INTELLIGENT WORKPLACE NINTENDO

partner: Diana Lui

ROWING

partner: Diana Lui

ROWING

partner: Coleman Rusnock

DIGIFAB

steel museum partner: Coleman Rusnock

DIGIFAB

partner: Lindsey Darwish

STEEL MUSEUM ANNEX

partner: Lindsey Darwish

STEEL MUSEUM ANNEX

STEEL MUSEUM

STEEL MUSEUM

1

access to Nature

Maximize individual access to the natural environment.

OBJEctiVES

Design daylighting as the dominant light source for both task and ambient lighting

OBJEctiVES

Increase the periphery to provide windows and views for each occupant.

Design daylight as the dominant light source for ambient and task requirements.

Design enriched access to outdoor spaces.

Design and specify windows as light fixtures - appropriate orientation, size, glazing, and dynamic exterior, integral and interior controls – in relation to the design of the room.

rESEarcH Europe and Scandinavia have guaranteed every worker seated access to a window with views, setting a maximum distances of 7 meters, or 20 feet from the window wall. In Switzerland and Scandinavia they have further guaranteed access to operable windows in each workplace (NKB 91).

In a 1990 survey of over 2000 employees in two buildings at the U.S. Department of Energy, Carnegie Mellon University’s Center for Building Performance identified 10-20% lower sick building

symptoms among employees with seated views of windows, controlling for rank [5]. Whether user perception of personal health is improved due to the light, view, perimeter conditioning systems, or increased level of environmental control (blinds, HVAC controls) nearer to the window is unclear.

Regardless, there is significant benefit in a workforce that has fewer health symptoms across the board supported by the provision of seated access to the natural environment.

HEaLtH aND PErFOrMaNcE BENEFitS Two case studies that frame the conclusion that views are a significant factor in health and productivity are captured below from the Carnegie Mellon Building Investment Decision Support Tool (BIDS™) [6]:

Pennsylvania Hospital/ Ulrich 1984 [1]

Window View of Nature = Health In a 1984 field study in a Pennsylvania hospital, Ulrich identifies an 8.5% reduction in post-operative hospital stay (7.96 days versus 8.7 days) for gall bladder surgery patients who had a view of a natural scene from their hospital room, as compared to those with a view of a brick wall. Patients with a view of a natural scene also received fewer negative evaluations from nurses and took fewer strong analgesics.

ROI:

• • •

Finger Plan Buildings Courtyard Buildings 7 meters (20 feet) maximum distance to a window High vis, low solar High vis, High solar Glare control for clear views Views of nature Views of community Open access to outdoors Connected outdoor spaces Indoor plant walls

• • • • • • • •

Explore night ventilation with the building or storage as flywheel.

cOOL StratEGiES

HEaLtH aND PErFOrMaNcE BENEFitS

• • • •

• • • • • • • •

Two case studies that frame the conclusion that views are a significant factor in health and productivity are captured below from the Carnegie Mellon Building Investment Decision Support Tool (BIDS™) [6]:

NYC Federal Building / EPRI 1997

Daylight Lighting control = Energy savings In a 1997 before and after building case study of the New York City federal building, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) identifies 64% lighting energy savings and net HVAC energy savings of 0.07 kWh per square foot annually following the installation of an energy-efficient lighting system with daylight dimming and lumen maintenance controls.

Finger or courtyard plans Clerestories Bi-lateral lighting High visible transmission

glazing External light shelves Internal light shelves Light shelf venetian blinds Fritted glass, integral blinds Highly reflective ceiling tiles Daylight expert skylights Light wells and Light pipes Daylight responsive controls

Engineer and integrate the natural ventilation/ natural cooling controls and the HVAC controls.

Two case studies that frame the conclusion that views are a significant factor in health and productivity are captured below from the Carnegie Mellon Building Investment Decision Support Tool (BIDS™) [6]:

CA Healthy Building Study / Mendell 1991

Natural Ventilation = Health In a 1991 multiple building study of 880 workers in eleven office buildings in the San Francisco bay area, Mendell identified 20% - 81% reductions in reported SBS symptoms for occupants of naturally ventilated buildings as compared to occupants of office buildings with air conditioning or mechanical ventilation.

Electric Power Research Institute (1997) Performance Evaluation of Energy Efficient Lighting and Office Technologies in New York City - Final Report. June 1997, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA..

In a 2003 building case study of the Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD) Call Center, Heschong et al identify a 6% to 7% faster Average Handling Time (AHT) for employees with seated access to views through larger windows with vegetation content from their cubicles, as compared to employees with no view of the outdoors.

In a 1997 controlled experiment, Boyce et al identify a 1.6-12.8% improvement in night-shift workers’ performance on short-term memory and logical reasoning tasks under large skylightsimulating fixtures with hidden fluorescent lamps, capable of providing fixed or variable illuminance from 200 lux to 2800 lux. Performance was enhanced by fixed high illuminance of 2800 lux and by steadily decreasing illuminance that simulated daylight from midday to dusk, as compared to fixed low illuminance of 250 lux or steadily increasing illuminance that simulated daylight from dawn to midday.

BENEFITS

Heschong, Mahone Group, Inc. (2003) Windows and Offices: A study of office worker performance and the indoor environments, California Energy Commission Technical Report.

First cost increase: $5,000 /bed Annual productivity savings: $2,237 /bed

Daylight spectrum and timing = Individual productivity

45%

• • • • • • •

Views Daylight Sunlight Circadian Rhythm Natural Ventilation Connection to Outdoors Biophilia

“While the field of “bio-philia” is emerging to clarify the importance of access to nature to human well-being, all aspects of access to the natural environment should be pursued: views, daylight, sunlight, fresh air, breezes, natural comfort, passive survivability, access to outdoor spaces and activities, extended work or living space, circadian rhythms, seasons, climate variations, and nature’s sounds, smells and life.”

HOt PrOJEctS

Boyce, P.R., Beckstead, J.W., Eklund, N.H, Strobel, R.W., and Rea, M.S. (1997). Lighting the Graveyard Shift: The Influence of a daylight-simulating skylight on the task performance and mood of night-shift workers.

Lighting Research and Technology 29(3), 105-134.

“The daylight fixture – window and skylight - will need appropriate orientation, size, reflector-frame design and lens-blind design as well as the corresponding design of the room to ensure effective light distribution without glare. “

Daylit classrooms, offices, and hospitals contribute to greater health and performance at task. Light levels can be higher without energy penalty; full spectrum light offers rich color rendition and 3-dimensional modeling; circadian rhythms set by daylight variations throughout the day trigger melatonin production and sleep patterns; views meet fundamental human needs.

6

Engineer load balancing and mean radiant temperature

OBJEctiVES

• • • • • • • • •

Pressure induced ventilation (wind) Thermal/ stack induced ventilation Solar induced ventilation Fan induced ventilation and exhaust Large yet air tight apertures

(ventilation with infiltration control) ‘Drop-kick’ awning windows that shed the rain Atria and chimneys w/ large volume fresh air paths Big room fans Automated window and vent

controls Through the façade HVAC Displacement ventilation systems Window coupled fan coils Distributed air handlers Shaded landscape air intake Breathing walls

Separate task and ambient light Design Plug-and-play lighting and dynamic lighting zones

Passive and active Solar Design for climate responsive shading and glare control

OBJEctiVES

7

Design integral shading and light redirection devices.

Design exterior shading and light redirection devices.

Design interior shading and light redirection devices.

Shade or vent walls, roofs and site; store or move energy.

cOOL StratEGiES • • •

• •

Telecommunication Office / Hannula et al 2000

•

Individual temperature control = Individual productivity In a 2000 field case study of telecommunication office workers in Finland, Hannula et al identify a 2.8% increase in measured productivity in north-facing offices with an average temperature of 23.6°C (range 21.927.8°C) as compared to south-facing offices with an average temperature of 25.2°C (range 22.8-28°C), supporting the need for improved heat gain control by orientation.

• • • •

Design climate specific green roofs and green walls.

High R facades Super windows > R8 Non convective gases – Krypton, Argon Transparent Insulations, nanogels Framing without thermal bridges Structure and cantilever without thermal bridges Night insulation, rigid, rolling, pleated Super insulated roofs, vented roofs Green roofs Double envelopes

HOt PrOJEctS Queens CollegeUK Leicester UKFord Short & Ford Queens college Leicester Short and

Commerzbank Frankfurt - Foster and Arup Commerzbank, Frankfurt

• •

Centria

Exterior shading devices: • Fixed overhangs, light shelves, fins, screens • Green walls - seasonally dynamic shading • Daily dynamic exterior blinds, awnings, brise soleil • Glass, aluminum, fabric shades • Motorized controls for dynamic shading

Florida Sustainable Energy Center / Parker et al 2002 Cool Roof = Energy Savings + Peak Demand Reduction + Extended Roof Life In a 2002 multiple building controlled experiment in Florida, Parker et al of the Florida Solar Energy Center identify 17.8-24.9% annual cooling energy savings and a 28.5-35.5% peak cooling load reduction from highly reflective white metal, white barrel tile, and white flat tile roofing; 9.5% annual cooling energy savings and a 12.9% peak cooling load reduction from terra cotta tile roofing; and 3.2% annual cooling energy savings and a 17.2% peak cooling load reduction from white asphalt shingles, as compared to dark asphalt shingles, on a single-family house.

HOt PrOJEctS

HOt PrOJEctS Parker, D., Sonne, J., and Sherwin, J. (2002). Comparative Evaluation of the Impact of Roofing Systems on Residential Cooling Energy Demand in Florida. Proceedings of ACEEE 2002 Summer Study, American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy, Washington, DC, August 2002.

W.J. Stec, A.H.C. van Paassen, A. Maziarz, Modeling the double skin facade with plants, Energy and Buildings 37 (2005) 419–427.

Petronas University, Malaysia Foster

““The most challenging façade development in the past ten years, has been the double envelope. When a second facade is introduced 5 to 15 feet from the window wall, the intermediate space can be used to moderate the environment - heat, light, wind, noise, pollution and other environmental stresses.

These second facades house layers of shading, light redirection, air redirection, thermal load balancing, mechanical conditioning, and even dynamic levels of resistance to heat loss and gain. “

Rowe, David (2002) Pilot Study Report: Wilkinson Building, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.

“The design community needs to rediscover the opportunities of dynamic thermal performance of building enclosures, with high resistance louvers, curtains, and dynamic layered facades changing heat transfer characteristics hour by hour, day to night, or season by season. “

Building Research Establishment UK

whenever outside conditions are within or below the comfort zone both day and night, and international studies consistently link increases in outdoor air supply to both productivity and health gains in the workplace (Fisk, Mendell et al).”

Loblolly House

8

Water

Design for Rain, Ice, and Vapor

OBJEctiVES

Enclosure Life

Maximize Enclosure Life

OBJEctiVES

9

Systems integration

Innovate through systems integration

OBJEctiVES

Design for the LCA of materials – material resources, embodied energy, toxicity.

Pursue prefabricated, climate specific, high performance.

Design core to perimeter load balancing with façade mechanical systems.

Integrate active solar thermal for heating and potential power generation

Design/Engineer air barriers and vapor barriers for material integrity.

Design for longevity – weathering, maintainability, craftsmanship.

Integrate solar photovoltaic power for shading, ventilation, cooling, lighting, power

Integrate structure and enclosure for heat loss/ heat gain control, shading and glare control, and daylighting.

Design N/S/E/W load balancing.

Design/Engineer rain water capture for building and site water demands.

Design for human safety in the face of manmade and natural disaster.

Integrate wind systems in the building enclosure

Since there are also significant load imbalances at different façade orientations, double envelopes can support north-south-east-west load balancing.

The Occidental building in Niagara Falls uses 70% less heating and cooling energy than a conventional office building in upstate New York (Bazjanac 1980).

Double envelope façade

Night ventilation of a buildings structural mass can successfully reduce or eliminate cooling loads in cooler climates or climates with day-night load balancing.

Ten feet below ground, and in underground aquifers, the temperatures are surprisingly stable at year-round (inter-seasonal) averages of approximately 55oF, making “ground or aquifer coupling” load balancing excellent for low energy cooling and pre-heating.

HEaLtH aND PErFOrMaNcE BENEFitS Two case studies that frame the conclusion that views are a significant factor in health and productivity are captured below from the Carnegie Mellon Building Investment Decision Support Tool (BIDS™) [6]:

Imanari et al 1999 Radiant Cooling = Individual Productivity + Energy Savings In a 1999 controlled field experiment and simulation study, Takehito et al identify a measured 22% increase in speed and a 1.5% improvement in accuracy on simple tasks among women subjects and a simulated 10% HVAC energy savings in the Tokyo climate from a radiant ceiling panel system, as compared to conventional ceiling-based conditioning.

Imanari,T., T. Omori and K.Bogaki (1999) Thermal comfort and energy consumption of the radiant ceiling panel system.

Comparison with the conventional all-air system. Energy and Buildings. Vol. 30, pp167-175.

cOOL StratEGiES

cOOL StratEGiES • • • • • • • • •

Super insulated facades, floors, and roofs Air flow windows Water mullions Double envelope facades Night ventilation of thermal mass ‘Cool tubes’ Ground source radiant, fan coil, or heat pumps systems Ground coupled facades Aquifer based aqua- thermal systems

HOt PrOJEctS

Seppanen et al 2003 Night ventilation cooling = Individual productivity In a 2003 meta-analysis study, Seppänen et al identify a productivity increase equivalent to 0.39 hours of work per day (4.9% for an eight-hour workday) due to night-time ventilative cooling, a very energy-efficient method of reducing daytime indoor temperatures by using night-time air to cool a building’s structure and furnishings.

HEaLtH aND PErFOrMaNcE BENEFitS Two case studies that frame the conclusion that views are a significant factor in health and productivity are captured below from the Carnegie Mellon Building Investment Decision Support Tool (BIDS™) [6]:

Inha University Hospital / Choi 2005 Sunlight = Health In a 2005 building case study of Inha University Hospital in Korea, Choi identified a 41% reduction (3.2 days) in average length of stay among gynecology patients in brightly daylit rooms (317 lux average), as compared to those in dull rooms, in the spring, and an average 26% reduction (1.9 days) in average length of stay among surgery ward patients in bright rooms, as compared to those in dull rooms, in the fall. Across all seasons, the average daylight illuminance in bright rooms was 317 lux, compared to 190 lux in dull rooms.

Two case studies that frame the conclusion that views are a significant factor in health and productivity are captured below from the Carnegie Mellon Building Investment Decision Support Tool (BIDS™) [6]:

Passive solar heating.

• high solar transmission glass • phase change storage materials • trombe walls • water walls • thermosiphon SolarWall™ • Solar Window

Chicago City Hall / City of Chicago 2000 Green Roof = Energy Savings + Peak Load Reduction + Stormwater Retention In a 2002 building case study of the Chicago City Hall, the city of Chicago identified annual cooling energy savings of 0.02 kWh/square foot and annual heating energy savings of 0.02 therms/square foot, as well as a 70% reduction in stormwater runoff, from installation of a 20,000 sf green roof.

Active solar hot water and Active solar cooling • flat plate solar thermal • evacuated tube solar thermal • concentrating mirror solar

thermal Active solar power • Building integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) • thin film photovoltaic roofs and walls • PV collectors as shading • PV integrated glazing

Choi, Joonho. (2005). Study of the Relationship between Indoor daylight Environments and Patient Average Length of Stay (ALOS) in Healthcare Facilities, Unpublished master’s thesis, Department of Architecture, Texas A&M University. College Station, TX.

901 Cherry (GAP) / GRHC 2003 Green Roof = Energy Savings + Stormwater Retention

Wind power generation • micro-turbines as parapets and void fillers • wind farms as rooftops

In a building case study of Bren Hall, a LEED Platinum-rated building at the University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB), Aigner identified that the building’s 47kW rooftop photovoltaic system reduces purchased electricity consumption by 7-10% annually, at a first cost of $240,000, for an ROI of 5%.

Seppanen, O. William J. Fisk, and David Faulkner, “Cost benefit analysis of the night-time ventilative cooling in office building” (June 1, 2003). Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

Choi, Joonho. (2005). Study of the Relationship between Indoor daylight Environments and Patient Average Length of Stay (ALOS) in Healthcare Facilities, Unpublished master’s thesis, Department of Architecture, Texas A&M University. College Station, TX.

Mont-Cenis Jourda + Perraudin

Manage rainfall • material selection and detailing to shed water • gargoyles and expressive cornices • self cleaning paints and coatings Manage vapor migration • continuous vapor barriers on one side • rain screens/ vented facades for drying • green walls for evaporative cooling and shade Catch and store water • building and site water storage systems

Green Roofs for Healthy Cities (2003) Green Roof Awards of Excellence – Profile of Award Winners, The First Annual Green Roof Infrastructure Conference, May 29-30, 2003, Chicago, Illinois.

HOt PrOJEctS

Aigner, D. J. (2002). Bren Hall - A Living Laboratory. Solar Today, July/August, 28-31.

cOOL StratEGiES

In a 2003 building case study of the 901 Cherry Offices of Gap, Inc. in San Bruno, CA, Green Roofs for Healthy Cities identifies a 100% reduction in stormwater runoff (7.54 gallons/sf of roof area) and a simple payback of 11 years from energy cost savings alone (equivalent to 7% annual energy savings in a baseline building) due to installation of an extensive green roof.

Bren Hall / Aigner 2002 Photovoltaic System = Energy Savings

“Building enclosures should be designed as the environmental skin of the building’s circulatory system”

Integrate HVAC and enclosure for natural ventilation, load balancing, passive and active solar.

Design for disassembly.

HEaLtH aND PErFOrMaNcE BENEFitS

HOt PrOJEctS

HEaLtH aND PErFOrMaNcE BENEFitS Two case studies that frame the conclusion that views are a significant factor in health and productivity are captured below from the Carnegie Mellon Building Investment Decision Support Tool (BIDS™) [6]:

Boston Scientific Company / Institution Recycling Network 2004 Construction Waste Management = Salvage / Waste Savings In a 2004 building case study of the renovation of the Boston Scientific Company, Inc. office building, the Institutional Recycling Network identified a 32% reduction in disposal costs due to a comprehensive waste management process, compared to the cost of renovation with conventional landfill disposal of material waste. A site separation process allowed materials to be disposed of at lower costs than co-mingled materials and resulted in a 92% recycling rate by weight.

Integrate interior systems and enclosure systems for access to nature, daylighting, natural ventilation, shade and glare control, and passive solar heating.

cOOL StratEGiES Sustainable Materials • Repurposed products, low embodied energy • 100% or high recycled content • high waste content, eg fly ash concrete • ‘chain of custody’ material and carbon content • totally non-toxic assemblies • 100% reusable, then recyclable

HEaLtH aND PErFOrMaNcE BENEFitS Two case studies that frame the conclusion that views are a significant factor in health and productivity are captured below from the Carnegie Mellon Building Investment Decision Support Tool (BIDS™) [6]:

Maintainability • natural weathering • easy maintainability • Craftsmanship for cherishability

Smedje & Norback 2000 (School) Floor-based ventilation + Increased outside air = Health

Safety • Egress safety • Fire safety • Earthquake safety • Hurricane safety • Blast safety

Institution Recycling Network (2004) “Boston Scientific Company, Inc. Office Park Renovation” Marlborough, MA, 2004. Found at http://www.wastemiser.com/CS-BSCI-10-06.pdf, visited November 18, 2007

University of Florida Hume Residence Hall / Guy and Strong 2001 construction waste management = Salvage/ waster savings In a 2001 building case study of the demolition of the 133,000 square foot Hume Residence Hall on the campus of the University of Florida, Guy and Strong identify new revenues, reduced disposal costs and cost avoidance from substitutions of reclaimed materials, through a process of salvage and source separation of material waste. A comprehensive C&D debris management process resulted in a savings of 4% compared to the cost of conventional demolition with extensive landfill disposal.

10

Integrate fire and enclosure for load balancing innovations

Design for change.

Design ground coupling and community load balancing.

Sidwell Friends School, Kieran Timberlake

Queens College Leicester UK Short & Ford

ZEO Building, Malaysia

Design/Engineer gargoyles and rain screens for material integrity.

Both air flow windows and water flow mullion systems enable excess heat from the core – heat from occupancy, lights and equipment - to be effectively dissipated through the façade, providing core-to-perimeter load balancing.

Centria

Interior shading devices • roll down mesh shades • pleated shades • horizontal & vertical venetian blinds • light shelf venetian blinds • shutters and screens • Motorized controls for dynamic shading

Integrate passive solar heating in cool climates – direct, indirect, isolated gain

DEFiNitiONS

South and north glazing orientations key!

Skylight orientations and/or dynamic shading Highly reflective materials & coatings (eg white roofs) New glazing technologies with shading layers eg:

Integral shading devices: • low solar heat gain coefficient • Static shading - suspended particle

glazing (frit and PV) • Selective shading - prismatic/

holographic/liquid crystal glazing • Variable shading - electrochromic glazing

Two case studies that frame the conclusion that views are a significant factor in health and productivity are captured below from the Carnegie Mellon Building Investment Decision Support Tool (BIDS™) [6]:

Design radiant conditions for comfort and energy efficiency.

Design day-night load balancing.

• •

HEaLtH aND PErFOrMaNcE BENEFitS

Hannula M., Niemela R., Rautio S., and Reijula K. (2000) The effects of indoor climate on productivity. In Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 2000, Vol. 1, pp 659-664.

In a 2000 controlled experiment at Tanz Greenhouse at the University of Toronto and a follow-up computer simulation study, Bass and Baskaran identify a 23% reduction in cooling load and a 20% reduction in the fan energy use, for an 8% reduction in total annual energy consumption, when a green wall was used to shade an exterior surface of the building, as compared to an unshaded surface.

cOOL StratEGiES

Shade HVAC units and fresh air intake.

Tanz Greenhouse / Bass and Baskaran 2000 Green walls = Energy Savings

“Natural ventilation and natural cooling is possible

Select the highest quality lighting quality fixtures

Design climate specific ratio of window to wall to reflect all desired energy flows, with potential for dynamic thermal performance.

Design for climate responsive shading and glare control OBJEctiVES Size and locate windows for shading and glare control.

Two case studies that frame the conclusion that views are a significant factor in health and productivity are captured below from the Carnegie Mellon Building Investment Decision Support Tool (BIDS™) [6]:

5

Shading with Light

Design climate specific surface orientations and exposures (including HVAC).

HEaLtH aND PErFOrMaNcE BENEFitS

Maximize the use of Daylighting without glare

Dutch Ministry of Forestry Bhenisch Holland (Photo: re-Design 3)

Load Balancing

• • • • •

Preziosi et al 2004

In a 2004 multiple building study of professional middle-aged women in France, Preziosi et al identify a 57.1% reduction in absenteeism, a 16.7% reduction in medical services use (doctor visits), and a 34.8% reduction in hospital stays among subjects with natural ventilation in their workplace, as compared to those with air conditioning.

OBJEctiVES

Design climate specific green roofs.

cOOL StratEGiES

Preziosi P., S. Czerniichow, P. Gehanno, and S. Hercberg (2004) Workplace air-conditioning and health services attendance among French middle-aged women: a prospective cohort study.

International Journal of Epidemiology, 33(5), pp.1120-1123.

Natural ventilation = Health + Individual Productivity

Minimize enclosure heat loss/heat gain

Design to eliminate thermal bridging in walls, roofs and foundations.

•

HEaLtH aND PErFOrMaNcE BENEFitS

4

Heat Loss/Heat Gain

Design for highest integrated resistance to heat loss/heat gain and best mean radiant temperatures for indoor comfort.

Boyce et al 1997

HOt PrOJEctS

OBJEctiVES

3

Engineer ventilation effectiveness: fresh air volumes, fresh air path, distributed air sources, facade integrated HVAC.

299%

SMUD/ Heschong Mahone 2003 [3]

Window View of Nature = Productivity

ROI:

Integrate daylight with nighttime electrical lighting and controls.

Provide natural ventilation as the dominant fresh air and cooling source with mixed mode conditioning

Engineer the HVAC system to provide air conditioning for thermal comfort and ventilation for air quality only when and where natural ventilation is inadequate – the definition of mixed mode conditioning.

Design regionally to manage heat loss/gain, glare, and solar gain.

cOOL StratEGiES

Natural Ventilation Design the building shape, orientation and openings to maximize cross and stack ventilation for delivering breathing air and passive cooling.

In retrofitting deep buildings, explore light wells, light ducts and light pipes.

Ulrich, R. (1984) View Through a Window May Influence Recovery From Surgery. Science, 224(4647), pp.420-421.

First cost increase: $1,000 /employee Annual productivity savings: $2,990 /employee

2

Daylighting

In a 2000 multiple building study of 39 schools in Sweden, Smedje and Norback identify a 69% reduction in the 2-year incidence of asthma among students in schools that received a new displacement ventilation system with increased fresh air supply rates, as compared to students in schools that did not receive a new ventilation system.

Design for Change • Designed for functional changes • Designed for expansion or contraction • modularity, gasketed, bolted, not

welded, caulke • design for disassembly • Manufactured for reuse as ‘value

added’ products

Two-year incidence of symptoms in students attending schools with and without new ventilation systems 14 12

New ventilation system No new ventilation system

10 8 6 4 2 0 Pollen/pet allergy

Asthma ever

Current asthma

Any asthma symptoms

More asthma symptoms in1995 than 1993

Fisher, J. C. Ní Riain, F. MacKenzie, J. Littler (2000) BRE’s environmental building: energy performance in use. CIBSE Conference Paper.

Bren Hall / Aigner 2002 Photovoltaic System = Energy Savings

HOt PrOJEctS

In a 2000 building case study of BRE’s Environmental office building in Garston, UK, Fisher et al identify a 66% annual energy savings compared to a typical type III UK office building due to the use of thermal mass, natural ventilation, passive and low energy cooling, daylighting, high performance electric lighting, and on-site power generation.

Guy, G. B., and Strong, K. S. , (2001) “Deconstructing Hume Residence Hall”, report of the Powell Center for Construction and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.

cOOL StratEGiES • Prefabricated, Design for Disassembly • Structure as shade and light • Structure as thermal flywheel • Structure as shade • Enclosure as power generation • Enclosure as HVAC distribution • Green wall as HVAC filter • Enclosure and interiors as daylight source • Enclosure and Interiors as natural ventilation path • Fire egress as shade • Fire as HVAC transport • Water management as ornament

HOt PrOJEctS

INTELLIGENT WORKPLACE Center for Building Performance and Diagnostics, Carnegie Mellon UNiversity

Tate, Snyder, Kimsey Architects LV Animal Shelter COTE Top 10

Green Roofs for Healthy Cities (2003) Green Roof Awards of Excellence – Profile of Award Winners, The First Annual Green Roof Infrastructure Conference, May 29-30, 2003, Chicago, Illinois.

enerGY saVInGs anD perFormanCe GaIns In Gsa BuILDInGs seVen Cost-eFFeCtIVe strateGIes

report oVerVIeW: state oF tHe FeDeraL WorKpLaCe ..................................................................................2 strateGY 1: aDjust WorKpLaCe temperature For tHe summer montHs ............................................4 strateGY 2: repLaCe HVaC FILters on sCHeDuLe anD WItH HIGH-perFormanCe FILters ..............6 strateGY 3: ConsoLIDate anD reDuCe tHe numBer oF prInters anD CopIers .................................8 strateGY 4: repLaCe Crt monItors WItH LCD monItors .........................................................................10 strateGY 5: upGraDe amBIent anD tasK LIGHtInG In tHe WorKpLaCe ................................................12 strateGY 6: ImproVe aCCess to DaYLIGHt In tHe WorKpLaCe .................................................................14 strateGY 7: upGraDe WInDoWs For Better enerGY perFormanCe ....................................................16 Gsa WorKpLaCe perFormanCe stuDY ..............................................................................................................18

SUSTAINABILITY

INTELLIGENT WORKPLACE

NINTENDO

NINTENDO

ORIENTATION 2007 IN YOUR ELEMENT

NAME OC RA CE HALL RESIDEN EMAIL

auguSt 19-26

Survival guide

ORIENTATION

ORIENTATION

IMAGE OCCUPANCY LAS VEGAS PHIPPS ANNEX ADVANCED BUILDING SYSTEMS TITANIC

IMAGE

IMAGE

OCCUPANCY

OCCUPANCY

LAS VEGAS



Mesquite 7 Resort-Casinos

To Salt Lake City North Las Vegas

n

u

u

u u

u Public Golf Courses

u

u

n

u

n

u

u Private Golf Courses

u

u

u

u

u



Nellis Air Base



n Casinos

u

n rt-Casinos

n

u

North Las Vegas Air Terminal

u u

1 Nightclubs/Bars

u

Downtown

o

as? ities

Sighseeing

 Nearby Cities

u

Las Vegas

To Grand Canyon

9 Hoover Dam

n



u

oEnvironmental Attractions

n

u u

 Wedding Chapels

n

See Strip Map

u1 u

u

u



1

n

u

Las Vegas Metropolitan Region

n



u

Stadium Convention Center/Shopping Airport Hotel/Motel

u

u

1

n

u

1

McCarran Int’l Airport

u



u

n



u u

1

u

u

n n

u

1 1 1

1

u

n



u

u

u u u u

n

u1 u

u u

u u

u

To Hoover Dam

u 5 miles

Henderson

u To Los Angeles

u

u

u u

Boulder

LAS VEGAS

partner: Annie Bodhidatta

PHIPPS ANNEX

partner: Annie Bodhidatta

PHIPPS ANNEX

ADVANCED BUILDING SYSTEMS

ADVANCED BUILDING SYSTEMS

TITANIC

TITANIC

SUMMER TRAVEL: BURDETT ASSISTANTSHIP 4TH YEAR DESIGN AWARD

EDINBURGH

BERLIN LONDON

AMSTERDAM

NURNBERG BRUSSELS

STUTTGART

PARIS

MUNICH ZURICH SALZBURG LAUSANNE BLUCHE

DELPHI

ATHENS

OLYMPIA

SANTORINI MYCENEA

MYKONOS PATMOS KUSADASI

BURDETT ASSISTANTSHIP CRETE

BURDETT ASSISTANTSHIP

BURDETT ASSISTANTSHIP

BURDETT ASSISTANTSHIP

LIGHTING URBAN THEORY URBAN LAB SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT THE GOONIES

partners: Greg Tanski, Kyle Gardner

LIGHTING

partners: Greg Tanski, Kyle Gardner

LIGHTING

partners: Bollen, Eskenazi, Horton, Manzke, Satterfield

URBAN THEORY

ST. STANISLAUS SQUARE

KATZ PLAZA

‘PUBLIC’ SPACES

ROSYLIN PLACE

CHATHAM VILLAGE

partners: Bollen, Eskenazi, Horton, Manzke, Satterfield

URBAN THEORY

partners: Miller, Thianthai, Schloemer

URBAN LABORATORY

partners: Miller, Thianthai, Schloemer

URBAN LABORATORY

partners: Miller, Thianthai, Schloemer

URBAN LABORATORY

partners: Miller, Thianthai, Schloemer

URBAN LABORATORY

partners: Christina Lynch, Pranita Kothuru

SUS. COMM. DEV.

partners: Christina Lynch, Pranita Kothuru

SUS. COMM. DEV.

partners: Christina Lynch, Pranita Kothuru

SUS. COMM. DEV.

partners: Christina Lynch, Pranita Kothuru

SUS. COMM. DEV.

THE GOONIES

THE GOONIES

© CHRISTIAN WAGNER