The Making of the HUB

The Making of the HUB Florida A&M University | Prof. Ana Tricarico Orosco | ARC 6259 | Christian Xaivier Gilbert | Fall 2023

Table of contents

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02 - 13

City Narrative / The High Line Black Manathan

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Site Narrative Codes & Regulations

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Program Narrative

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Case Studies

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Building Analysis & Programming

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City Narrative / The High Line The High Line, a 1.45-mile-long (2.33 km) elevated linear park, greenway, and rail trail, was transformed from a former New York Central Railroad spur on the western side of Manhattan in New York City. The collaborative vision for the High Line’s design came to life through the efforts of James Corner Field Operations, Diller Scofidio + Renfro, and Piet Oudolf.

This elevated park seamlessly integrates with surrounding architecture, fostering a harmonious relationship between greenery and urban structures. Some buildings purposefully incorporate the High Line into their design, providing residents and visitors with direct access points and unique perspectives.

Southern Spur 1

Beyond its aesthetic impact, the High Line carries economic implications for nearby buildings. Drawing in tourism and foot traffic, it enhances the desirability of commercial spaces and residences along its route.

In essence, the High Line’s relationship with buildings in the neighborhoods is a multifaceted interplay of architecture, community, culture, and economics. This transformative project exemplifies the potential of urban spaces to evolve into interconnected, vibrant, and cohesive environments, benefiting both residents and visitors alike.

Chelsa Market Passage 2

14th Street Passage 3

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Large Scale Map The extensive map depicts the elevation preceding the Hudson Yard Redevelopent project.

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Sections 10th Avenue Square Section showing how The longitudinal section illustrates how the High Line not only engages people with its elevated pathway but also how it establishes a profound connection with the city itself. As the High Line meanders through the neighborhood, its distinctive and transformative presence significantly impacts the dynamics of urban spaces.

The wavering path of the High Line goes beyond a linear trajectory; it intricately weaves through the existing urban fabric, adapting to the city’s natural flow. This unique spatial integration fosters an organic relationship between the elevated park and the neighborhood, encouraging people to engage not only with the High Line but also with the broader urban environment.

In essence, the High Line’s meandering course serves as a catalyst for people to connect not just with the elevated greenway but also with the cityscape, contributing to a more dynamic and interactive urban experience.

Manhattan Site Map

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Scale 1” = 100’-0”

10th Avenue Square 4

The High Line Section Longitudinal

Scale 1/8” = 1’-0”

10th Avenue Square Section

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Historical TimeLine

1865 was an inflection point on March 3, 1865, President Abraham Lincoln signed the legislative establishing the Freeman’s Savings & Trust Company.

The High Line began as a vital railway for the New York City Central Railroad, facilitating the transportation of a wide range of goods, such as coal, dairy products, and beef, to lower Manhattan, Greenwich Village at street level.

Mid1800s

The increased prominence of truck transportation led to the closure of the High Line viaduct, sparking discussions about its potential demolition.

1930s

The High Line underwent an elevation transformation, separating the railway from street level. This change streamlined the movement of goods through factories and warehouses, further benefitting the local communities.

From 1880’s - 1910’s In the small corner of Greenwich, a thriving black community emerged in lower Manhattan around the 19th Century, known as “Little Africa” or Black Manhattan.

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1980s

The High Line, stretching 1.5 miles south of Hudson Yards, links the development to neighborhoods like Chelsea, Meatpacking District, and Greenwich Village, impacting residents and aiding Hudson Yards’ recovery.

Positive developments, including the opening of 50 Hudson Yards, a $3.8 billion office building, show promise with an 84% prelease rate, suggesting office workers will likely enjoy the High Line.

The High Line opening in different phrases to the public, 2009, 2011 & 2019

1990s

In a concerted effort to save it from demolition, Joshua David and Robert Hammond spearheaded advocacy through their nonprofit organization, Friends of the High Line, garnering substantial community support for its preservation and transformation into an elevated park, drawing inspiration from the Promenade Plantée in Paris.

2000s

2020s

Built as a goods transportation railway 90 years ago, New York’s High Line, now a park, is known as the “Life line of New York.” It played a crucial role connecting Hudson Yards to visitors from lower Manhattan during COVID-19 setbacks.

The pandemic affected Hudson Yards, leading to closures and bankruptcy.

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The High Line - Black Manhattan Little Africa, a glimpse into its past: In the 1600s, land was generously granted, with enslaved people receiving land in this area, serving as a buffer between Native Americans and settlers. Initially, freed African slaves marked the area’s non-native settlement.

The 19th century witnessed a pivotal chapter as Greenwich Village blossomed into New York’s largest African American community. Throughout the 20th century, the neighborhood enthusiastically embraced radical integration, attracting a diverse array of African American artists, writers, musicians, and civil rights activists as both residents and visitors. Unfortunately, laws led to the community’s decline shortly after. Approximately two centuries later, responding to anti-abolition riots in the city, many Black individuals returned to this area, now known as “Little Africa” or Black Manhattan. This community was defined by institutions like Mother Zion A.M.E. church, led byReverend Coope, D.D., and the presence of African Free Schools. “Black and Tan” conversation saloons facilitated dialogue across racial lines. Influenced by Italian immigrants, the Black residents eventually migrated north to San Juan Hill or Harlem.

In 1847, the City of New York granted approval for the installation of railroad tracks alongside Tenth and Eleventh Avenues on Manhattan’s West Side. These ground-level tracks served as a transportation route for freight trains operated by the New York Central Railroad, facilitating the delivery of goods to neighborhoods such as Chelsea, the Meatpacking District, and Greenwich Village.

Little Africa / Black Mannathan Map 5

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Key Sites Connecting to the History: Opened April 4, 1865 The Freedman’s Bank NYC building located SW Bleecker St. and LaGuardia Place (1 Carroll Place ) Business leaders met in New York in January 1865 1914 - Mid-1920s: **70 Fifth Avenue:** The NAACP, The Crisis, and DuBois & Dill Publishing were headquartered here, serving as a hub for the oldest black-oriented magazine globally, Crisis Magazine. This publication, aimed at African American children, influenced movement progress and equality, impacting both New York and federal laws. In February 2020, a preservation petition was submitted to the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, encompassing 75th Ave. in a proposed district south of Union Square.

1924: **James Baldwin Residence, 81 Horatio Street:** James Baldwin, a writer and advocate for African American and LGBTQ rights, lived during his most prolific years in the Greenwich Village Historic District, immortalizing the preservation of African Americans and the LGBTQ community. **Gay Street:** Hidden History, Stonewall, & Continuing The Cause: The 1960s witnessed a revival and transformation of the term ‘gay’ at Stonewall, carrying powerful connotations and inspiring continued advocacy for free quality for all. The historical significance often extends through the community for generations.

1995: **William Kunstler Residence, 13 Gay Street:** Once the home and office of noted American civil rights attorneys William Kunstler and Margaret Ratner Kunstler, this Greenwich Village location housed the civil rights lawyer who represented Martin Luther King Jr., the Freedom Riders, the Chicago Seven, and numerous other activists. **175 McDougall St.:** Suffragist Sarah Smith Garnett, although brief, left a powerful legacy as the first female African American principal in the New York City school system. She also founded the suffrage league, the initial suffrage organization dedicated to the suffrage of black women. Preservation efforts unveil hidden stories and the progress of African Americans in New York City, a place they have called home.

Greenwich Mews Theatre 141-145 West 13th Street The Spiral Group, 147 Christopher Street AME Zion Church West 10th + Bleekers Street St. Benedict the Moor Church 210 Blecker Street

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Sullivan-Thompson Historic District MAP

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The Freedman’s Bank NYC The inception of the Freedman’s Savings and Trust Company, or Freedman’s Bank, marked a pioneering and radical idea in January 1865. White Northern abolitionists, philanthropists, and business leaders gathered in New York to establish a permanent bank for African-American Civil War soldiers and the newly emancipated community, offering a secure place for their earnings.

By February 13, 1865, Congress introduced a bill for the Friedman Savings and Trust Company, signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln within three weeks. The bank played a vital role in empowering African-Americans, helping them accumulate assets and integrate into the broader financial landscape.

Branch offices opened in 17 states and the District of Columbia by 1870, with the headquarters moving to Washington DC near the White House. The bank served a diverse clientele, including low-wage earners, laborers, janitors, nurses, soldiers, churches, businesses, and schools.

Over nine years, around 100,000 individuals and institutions deposited over $57 million (equivalent to $115 billion today). Despite early success, amendments to the bank charter, risky investments, and lack of oversight led to fraud, mismanagement, and abuse.

During the 1873 U.S. financial panic, bank runs ensued, prompting Frederick Douglass to become bank president in 1874. Despite efforts, the bank failed on June 29, 1874, causing losses for depositors.

The Freeman bank building sold in 1899, replaced in 1919 as the Treasury. Friedman’s inclusion in America’s economic mainstream highlights the ongoing need for inclusive prosperity.

On January 7, 2016, Treasury Secretary Jacob J. Lew commemorated the 150th anniversary of the Freeman Savings and Trust Company by naming the Treasury Annex, now recognized as the Freeman Bank Building.

The Freedman’s Bank 6

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Images

1-4 Photgraphy by CXG. 5

Matt. Village Preservation.” Village Preservation - Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation, February 24, 2021. https://www.villagepreservation.org/2017/02/03/black-history-month-in-the-village-the-south-village-and-little-africa/.

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Terrell, Ellen. “America’s Compounding Debt: The Freedman’s Bank: Inside Adams.” The Library of Congress, July 18, 2019. https://blogs.loc.gov/inside_adams/2019/07/americas-compounding-debt-the-freedmans-bank/.

Notes 1

New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. “Preserving Significant Places of Black History.” ArcGIS StoryMaps, June 7, 2023. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/2e2f8343e7254e948f5a0d3699ba91fd.

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Matt. “Black History Month in the Village: The South Village and Little Africa - Village Preservation.” Village Preservation - Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation, February 24, 2021. https://www.villagepreservation.org/2017/02/03/black-history-month-inthe-village-the-south-village-and-little-africa/.

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“Freedman’s Bank.” Operation HOPE, November 6, 2023. https://operationhope.org/impact/ freedmans-bank/.

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“Black-Owned Businesses.” Shop Your City, February 17, 2023. https://shopyourcity.cityofnewyork.us/syc-black/.

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“NYC Minority Businesses in Flux: Black- and Asian-Owned Businesses Grow While Hispanic-Owned Decline.” Center for an Urban Future (CUF). Accessed November 20, 2023. https://nycfuture.org/research/nyc-minority-business#:~:text=Four%20of%20New%20 York%20City%27s,the%20Bronx%2018th%20(1%2C124).

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SBA’s Office of Advocacy – SBA’s Office of Advocacy. Accessed November 20, 2023. https:// advocacy.sba.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Small-Business-Economic-Profile-US.pdf.

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U.S. Census Bureau Quick Facts: New York City, New York. Accessed November 20, 2023. https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/newyorkcitynewyork/PST045222.

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“History.” The High Line, June 27, 2023. https://www.thehighline.org/history/. ​​“The High Line.” DS+R. Accessed November 20, 2023. https://dsrny.com/project/the-high-line.

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Site Selection Address West 30 Street, 10001 is identified as “Manhattan (Borough 1) | Block 67 | Lot 1.

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Qualities of my site: • The site is located on the 13 acres of the Western Rail Yard of the Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project, the largest development in US history.

• Several parks are within walking distance, along with a public square featuring the Vessel monumental sculpture adjacent to the site.

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Data related to site: • A convention center near the site witnesses significant daily foot traffic.

• The nearby Culture Shed hosts a variety of art, design, and performance activities, attracting considerable foot traffic.

• The No. 7 subway line, north of the site, ensures connectivity to the broader public transit system.

• The site is positioned on the High Line and serves as one of the main entrances.

This location is encircled by three bustling streets: West Side Highway (280 NY-9A), West 30th Street, and 11th Ave. Currently, it is utilized by the Hudson Yard Transit.

The site measures about 90’ X 150’ and is distinctive for being on a street corner, right on the High Line.

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Codes & Regulations My Site Location West 30 Street, 10001 is identified as “Manhattan (Borough 1) | Block 676 | Lot 1”.

Zoning districts designated as C6 are found in Manhattan, Downtown Brooklyn, and Downtown Jamaica. Special Midtown District features unique C6-4.5, C6-5.5, C6-6.5, and C6-7T districts with distinct floor area ratios and bonus rules. The Special Hudson Yards District (HY) promotes diverse land uses, additional open space, and expands the Midtown business district for substantial office and hotel development. It aims to strengthen existing neighborhoods and encourage housing on Manhattan’s Far West Side, with flexible height and setback controls. , 10:48 PM 662 W 30th St - Google Maps I envisioned Black Business Hub NYC aligns with IBC 304.1 for Business Group B occupancy, encompassing office, professional, and service transactions, including record and account storage.

This project’s potential makes its site crucial, integrating affordable housing, office 662 W social 30th impact St space, a theater, retail, an observation deck, terraces, and an entertainment center.

ew York Google Street View

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VIEW OF SITE FROM 9A 1

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VIEW OF SITE FROM 662 W 30TH ST 2 Image capture: Aug 2022

Zoning Districts:

C6-4, HY

Land Use Lot Area Lot Frontage Lot Depth Year Built Building Class Number of Buildings

Vacant Land 147,064 square feet 800 feet 196.65 feet 0 Vacant Land - Zoned Commerical or Manhattan Residential 2

Neighborhood Information Community District

Manhattan Community District 4

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1. 10 HUDSON YARDS (52 STORIES - 1,700,000 SF - COMMERICAL TOWER) 2. 15 HUDSON YARDS (88 STORIES - 800,000 SF - RESIDENTIAL TOWER) 3. 30 HUDSON YARDS (103 STORIES - 2,400,000 SF - COMMERICAL OFFICE TOWER) 4. 35 HUDSON YARDS (92 STORIES - 1,100,000 SF - MIXED-USE TOWER) 5. 50 HUDSON YARDS (77 STORIES - 1,200.000 SF - COMMERICAL OFFICE TOWER 6. 55 HUDSON YARDS (51 STORIES - 1,300,000 SF - COMMERICAL OFFICE TOWER) 7. 606 WEST 30TH STREET (42 STORIES - 315,000 SF - RESIDENTIAL TOWER) 8. PUBLIC PLAZA/THE VESSEL (6-ACRE) 9. THE SHOPS & RESTAURANTS (5 STORIES - 750,000 SF - RETAIL SPACE) 10. THE SPIRAL (66 STORIES - 2,850,000 SF - COMMERICAL OFFICE TOWER)

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Images 1

Holmes, Damian, and Iwan Baan. “Highline at the Rail Yards Phase 1 Opens to the Public.” World Landscape Architecture, July 14, 2018. https://worldlandscapearchitect.com/highline-at-therail-yards-phase-1-opens-to-the-public/?v=7516fd43adaa.

2

Google maps. Accessed December 14, 2023. https://www.google.com/maps/place/662+W+30th+St,+New+York,+NY+10001/@40.7541489,-74.0084523,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89c259b5e5ff46cd:0x1042449d4e9e41fd!8m2!3d40.7541449!4d-74.0058774?entry=ttu.

Notes 1

(ICC), International Code Council. “2018 International Building Code (IBC): ICC Digital Codes.” 2018 INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE (IBC) | ICC DIGITAL CODES. Accessed November 20, 2023. https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/IBC2018/chapter-3-occupancy-classification-and-use.

2

“E-Designation.” E-Designation - OER. Accessed November 20, 2023. https://www.nyc.gov/ site/oer/remediation/e-designation.page.

3

(ICC), International Code Council. “2018 International Building Code (IBC): ICC Digital Codes.” 2018 INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE (IBC) | ICC DIGITAL CODES. Accessed November 20, 2023. https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/IBC2018/chapter-3-occupancy-classification-and-use#IBC2018_Ch03_Sec304.1.

4

“NYC Planning Zola.” ZoLa. Accessed November 20, 2023. https://zola.planning.nyc.gov/l/ lot/1/676/1?aerial-year=aerials-2016&layer-groups=%5B%22building-footprints%22%2C%22commercial-.

5

“Commercial Districts: C6.” Zoning: Districts Guide - Commercial Districts - C6 - DCP. Accessed November 20, 2023. https://www.nyc.gov/site/planning/zoning/districts-tools/ c6.page.

6

“Special Purpose Districts: Manhattan.” Zoning: Districts Guide - Special Purpose Districts - Manhattan - DCP. Accessed November 20, 2023. https://www.nyc.gov/site/planning/zoning/districts-tools/special-purpose-districts-manhattan.page#HY.

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Program Narrative

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Why do we need the Black Business HUB? Given the myriad challenges faced by established businesses in West Chelsea, such as dwindling neighborhood customer bases and escalating rents, I propose establishing dedicated spaces along the High Line. These spaces would focus on showcasing and supporting local minority-owned businesses from nearby communities, effectively serving as a small business incubator. Amid the varied developments in the area, this initiative aims to cultivate economic resilience and community engagement, ensuring the High Line’s continued pivotal role in the neighborhood’s growth and prosperity.

As per the specified criteria, a business must have at least 51% ownership, operation, and control by U.S. citizens or permanent residents who are women or belong to specific minority groups, including Black, Hispanic, Asian-Pacific, Asian-Indian, and Native American individuals.

Recent data highlights significant growth in Black-owned businesses in New York City, surpassing the growth rate of white-owned businesses. Between 2012 and 2017, the number of Black-owned firms increased by 30%, compared to the 8.6% growth of white-owned businesses, particularly pronounced in Manhattan and Queens. Please refer to the graph on the following page for details on the distribution of businesses in NYC by Race/Ethnicity in 2018.

Despite this progress, persistent challenges include limited access to financial resources and low financial literacy rates, especially among Black individuals. Addressing these issues requires essential support and mentorship for Black business owners, expanding financial literacy resources in Black communities, and combating systemic racism contributing to financial disparities.

Recognizing the significance of capturing Black consumer spending, it’s noteworthy that a dollar tends to circulate for only 6 hours in the Black community. Essential efforts to promote, patronize, and document Black spending aim to empower Black-owned businesses and encourage more substantial investment within the Black community. In Manhattan, based on the 2018 Economic Census Survey of Business data, Black-owned businesses account for 2.1%. For details, please refer to the graph on the subsequent page.

Moreover, the buying power of minority groups, including African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans, has been steadily rising over the past few decades. In 2020, their combined buying power reached $3 trillion, signifying their increasing economic influence in the United States.

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Why do we need the Black Business HUB?

Soure: Economic Census, 2018 Survey of Business

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Socio-ecomonic disparities in NYC.

Soure: Economic Census, 2018 Survey of Business

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How Marketers Can Help • Support and Mentor Black Business Owners • Support the Expansion of Financial Literacy Resources in Black Communities • Oppose Systemic Racism That Causes Financial Challenges **Importance of Capturing Black Spend** • A dollar circulates for only 6 hours in the Black community, highlighting the need for change.

• 99% of the $1.3 trillion Black buying power is spent outside the community.

• Black people spend less money in Black-owned businesses compared to other groups.

• The goal is to become a Change Agent by documenting Black Spend. **Ideas to Promote, Patronize, and Capture** Black, Indigenous & People of Color (BIPOC) Spend • Neighborhoods can designate specific BlPOC businesses to patronize and document funds spent.

• Develop processes for recording individual and collective BlPOC Spend at different levels.

• Encourage members of the community to record their BIPOC Spend at BIPOC businesses.

• Identify BIPOC-owned businesses in communities and funds for supporting them.

• Promote BIPOC Spend through educational activities. **Buying Power Statistics** • Combined buying power of African American, Asian American, and Native American consumers grew from $458 billion in 1990 to $3 trillion in 2020.

• Their combined share of the nation’s total buying power increased from 10.6% in 1990 to 17.2% in 2020.

• Total U.S. consumer buying power increased from $11.3 trillion to $17.5 trillion between 2010 and 2020 (a 55% increase).

• Asian American buying power increased by 111% during this period.

• Hispanic buying power grew to $1.9 trillion in 2020, an 87% increase from 2010.

• Asian Americans, including Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders, represent 6.3% of the U.S. population with a buying power of $1.3 trillion.

• African American buying power reached $1.6 trillion in 2020, accounting for 9% of the nation’s total buying power.

• Native American buying power is projected to rise from $84 billion in 2010 to $140 billion in 2020, a 67% growth.

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ACCE SS

NA RSO L CAR E P E

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Recent statistics reveal significant growth in Black-owned enterprises in New York City, outpacing the expansion of white-owned businesses. Over the five-year period from 2012 to 2017, the number of Black-owned businesses surged by 30%, a stark contrast to the 8.6% increase seen among white-owned counterparts. Notably, this growth was most prominent in the boroughs of Manhattan and Queens.

However, despite these encouraging developments, persistent challenges remain, such as limited access to financial resources and lower levels of financial literacy, particularly within the Black community. To address these issues effectively, it is imperative to support and mentor Black business proprietors, expand financial literacy programs within Black neighborhoods, and take proactive measures to combat systemic racism contributing to financial disparities.

The establishment of a Black business hub in New York City is of paramount importance for several compelling reasons, including economic empowerment, fostering diversity and inclusion, facilitating community development, promoting networking and collaboration, and addressing the unique challenges faced by Black entrepreneurs. In summary, a Black business hub in NYC not only stimulates economic growth but also plays a pivotal role in rectifying social and systemic issues, thereby promoting a more inclusive and diverse business environment while empowering the Black community.

Source: https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2021/annual-business-survey.html The envisioned project is a Black Business Hub, aiming to foster entrepreneurship and innovation.

Relevant information and data for consideration include the types of businesses to be established and thorough research on the community’s needs. Pertinent case studies for inspiration encompass Cafe Rue Dix and Happy Cork in NYC, along with The Legacy Center in Atlanta, GA, and The Black Business Hub by ULGM. In terms of spaces, the program would benefit from meeting rooms, small conference rooms, skills labs, and co-working spaces, creating an environment conducive to collaboration and business development.

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Images 1

Bureau, US Census. “Census Bureau Releases New Data on Minority-Owned, Black Owned Businesses.” Census.gov, November 10, 2022. https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2022/annual-business-survey-characteristics.html.

Notes 1

“Black-Owned Businesses.” Shop Your City, February 17, 2023. https://shopyourcity.cityofnewyork.us/syc-black/.

2

“Freedman’s Bank.” Operation HOPE, November 6, 2023. https://operationhope.org/impact/ freedmans-bank/.

3

“NYC Minority Businesses in Flux: Black- and Asian-Owned Businesses Grow While Hispanic-Owned Decline.” Center for an Urban Future (CUF). Accessed November 20, 2023. https://nycfuture.org/research/nyc-minority-business#:~:text=Four%20of%20New%20 York%20City%27s,the%20Bronx%2018th%20(1%2C124).

4

SBA’s Office of Advocacy – SBA’s Office of Advocacy. Accessed November 20, 2023. https:// advocacy.sba.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Small-Business-Economic-Profile-US.pdf.

5

U.S. Census Bureau Quick Facts: New York City, New York. Accessed November 20, 2023. https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/newyorkcitynewyork/PST045222.

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Case Studies Enrique Norten / TEN Arquitectos | Architects Rutgers Business School | Project Name 2013 | Completion Year 100 Rockafeller Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854 | Location 143, 000 | Size (GSF) About the Program The building is structured into three bands—classroom, office, and public—linked vertically through an atrium and horizontally through diverse communal spaces, including personal nooks, collaboration zones, and collective areas. Circulation spaces encourage interaction between building programs, emphasizing the dynamic collaboration of ideas. Professors are strategically positioned at the school’s core, serving as valuable resources and collaborators for the evolving intellectual atmosphere.

Facade 2

Facade 1

Rutgers Business School

Rutgers Business School

TEN Arquitectctos

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Site Plan 3

Rutgers Business School

Diller Scofidio + Renfro and FXCollaborative | Architects Columbia Business School | Project Name 2022 | Completion Year 665 West 130th Street, New York, NY 10027 | Location 492,000 | Size (GSF) An eight-story David Geffen Hall housing administrative offices and learning spaces, alongside an eleven-story Henry R. Hall dedicated to facility offices with student learning areas, comprise the program.

About the Program As for the design, one remarkable aspect that I appreciate is the architects’ emphasis on fostering innovation and inclusivity in the field of business education. The building’s internal spaces are ingeniously organized to create intersecting networks of circulation and collaborative learning areas, which are not only visible and accessible within the building but also project an outward impression of connectivity. This structure effectively serves as a conduit, bridging the professional world, the campus, and the wider community, making it a lively hub for learning and interaction around the clock.

Facade 4

Columbia Business School

Network Diagram 5

Columbia Business School

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EASTERN USA MAP 6

Historically Underutilized Business (HUB) Program

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JLA Architects | Architects Black Business Hub - Urban League of Greater Madison | Project Name Under Construction | Conpletion Year 2234 S. Park Street, Madison, Wisconsin | Location Loacted at Southernmost gateway into Downtown Madison, visible from the Beltine Highway, and the heart of Madison’s oldest mult-cultural neighborhood.

81,000 | Size (GSF) About the Program Four-Story Building, including office suites, co-working spaces, anchor tenants, event spaces, a commercial kitchen, and even a rooftop terrence.

The Black Business Hub was more than just a commercial space; it was a symbol of empowerment and community wellness. The Hub was a beacon of support for Black-owned businesses and entrepreneurs, aiming to provide physical space, support services, and collaborative opportunities. _____________________________________________________________________ Nia Architects | Architects The AUX | Project Name Under Construction | Conpletion Year 2223 Washingston Street, Evanston, IL 60202 | Location 16,500 | Size (GSF) About the Project A vacant factory in Evanston, Illinois, was identified as the potential site for the transformative project known as the Aux. The Auxiliary Cord LLC purchased the property, with plans to renovate it into a commercial hub supporting Black-owned small businesses and community wellness organizations.

The project was expected to include spaces like the IKUN, permanent tenant spaces, pop-up market spaces, private offices, co-working areas, a dedicated commercial kitchen, and outdoor gardens. Schematic designs were complete, and construction was scheduled to begin in late 2022, with occupancy expected in late 2023. _____________________________________________________________________ Charlottle Black Business HUB | Project Name Charlotte, NC | Location About the Project Scheduled for a groundbreaking in 2024, the city’s inaugural High-Tech Black Business Hub is a conceptual design poised to be a nexus for entrepreneurial research, resources, and retail. It aims to cultivate an environment conducive to innovation and thriving entrepreneurship. This project extend beyond mere structures, embodying visionary concepts to foster collaboration, innovation, and inclusivity, leaving a lasting impact on their communities in our rapidly evolving world. _____________________________________________________________________ The New Black Wall Street Market | Project Name 2021 | Completion Year Stonecrest, Georgia | Location 125,000 | Size (GSF) About the Project The Allen Entrepreneurial Institute has acquired an empty Target store, intending to transform it into a dynamic marketplace for over 100 minority entrepreneurs. This innovative project aims to revive the spirit of a historic Black business district, offering common areas, a food court, grocery store, two restaurants, and 118 vendor spaces for diverse businesses to thrive.

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XMETRICAL | Architects The Legacy Center “The Black House” | Project Name 2022 | Completion Year 3015 R.N. Martin Street, East Point, GA 30344| Location 31,000 | Size (GSF) About the Project The Legacy Center, a 2.6-acre private campus, features a newly renovated two-story industrial warehouse housing various spaces such as the Front Lawn with Shade Pergola, Maya Angelou Meeting Room, Photo Studio, O.W. Gurley Conference Room, Malcolm X + Betty Classroom, Modern Lounge, Cafe Area, and Wide Outdoor Garden & Event Hall.

Undergoing Phase II renovations, the 20,000 square foot industrial warehouse is being transformed into an inviting venue for conferences, receptions, productions, and more. Expected to be completed by mid-May, the updated space will include two separate gallery spaces, a podcast/media lounge, industrial-grade HVAC, new interior paint, and high-gloss finished floors.

Designed to support small businesses and entrepreneurs, The Legacy Center serves as an entrepreneur incubator and production studio, offering a sleek co-working facility with desk space, conference rooms, a lounge area, and access to a newly-built cafe. As the first acquisition of the African American-founded Tulsa Real Estate Fund, The Legacy Center, provides affordable master classes and programs covering various aspects such as business development, wealth and finance, real estate investment, credit strategy, branding, and marketing.

Front Entrance 8 The Legacy Center

Program Digram 7 The Legacy Center

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Images 1

Aaron, Peter. “Gallery of Rutgers Business School / Ten Arquitectos - Enrique Norten - 1.” ArchDaily. Accessed November 20, 2023. https://www.archdaily.com/519568/rutgers-business-school-ten-arquitectos/53a8eecec07a80b48b00016c-rutgers-business-school-ten-arquitectos-photo.

2

Aaron, Peter. “Gallery of Rutgers Business School / Ten Arquitectos - Enrique Norten - 4.” ArchDaily. Accessed November 20, 2023. https://www.archdaily.com/519568/rutgers-business-school-ten-arquitectos/53a8efa1c07a80a393000192-rutgers-business-school-ten-arquitectos-photo.

3

4

5

“Gallery of Rutgers Business School / Ten Arquitectos - Enrique Norten - 18.” ArchDaily. Accessed November 20, 2023. https://www.archdaily.com/519568/rutgers-business-school-ten-arquitectos/53a8f3e9c07a80a39300019b-rutgers-business-school-ten-arquitectos-site-plan.

Baan, Iwan. “Gallery of Columbia Business School / Diller Scofidio + Renfro + Fxcollaborative - 8.” ArchDaily. Accessed November 20, 2023. https://www.archdaily.com/977680/columbia-business-school-diller-scofidio-plus-renfro-plus-fxcollaborative/621ce4c75b1d900164c036a1-columbia-business-school-diller-scofidio-plusrenfro-plus-fxcollaborative-photo?next_project=no.

“Gallery of Columbia Business School / Diller Scofidio + Renfro + Fxcollaborative - 35.” ArchDaily. Accessed November 20, 2023. https://www.archdaily.com/977680/columbia-business-school-diller-scofidio-plus-renfro-plus-fxcollaborative/621cea653e4b31ccfa00000f-columbia-business-school-diller-scofidio-plus-renfro-plus-fxcollaborative-network-diagram. “Gallery of Columbia Business School / Diller Scofidio + Renfro + Fxcollaborative - 35.” ArchDaily. Accessed November 20, 2023. https://www.archdaily.com/977680/columbia-business-school-diller-scofidio-plus-renfro-plus-fxcollaborative/621cea653e4b31ccfa00000f-columbia-business-school-diller-scofidio-plus-renfro-plus-fxcollaborative-network-diagram.

6

“Phase II Renovations.” TREF Legacy Center. Accessed November 20, 2023. https://www.legacycenter.com/phase-ii-updates?lightbox=dataItem-l1vkoh4x.

7

“The Legacy Center: Atlanta’s Elite Event & Production Venue.” TREF Legacy Center. Accessed November 20, 2023. https://www.legacycenter.com/.

Notes 1

“Columbia Business School.” DS+R. Accessed November 20, 2023. https://dsrny.com/project/columbia-business-school?index=false&section=projects.

2

“Rutgers Business School / Ten Arquitectos - Enrique Norten.” ArchDaily, June 26, 2014. https://www.archdaily. com/519568/rutgers-business-school-ten-arquitectos.

3

“Home.” The AUX. Accessed November 20, 2023. https://theauxevanston.com/.

4

“Black Business Hub.” JLA Architects, November 15, 2023. https://jla-ap.com/portfolio/black-business-hub.

5

Lee, Edward. “Green Bay Packers Foundation Announces $250,000 Challenge Grant for Urban League Black Business Hub.” Urban League of Greater Madison. Accessed November 20, 2023. https://ulgm.org/green-bay-packersfoundation-announces-250000-challenge-grant-for-urban-league-black-business-hub/.

6

Black Business Owners Corp. (BBOC). Black Business Owners Corp. (BBOC). Accessed November 20, 2023. https://bboclt.com/.

7 8

“New Black Wall Street Market.” The Market. Accessed November 20, 2023. https://www.newblackwallstreetmarket.com/.

“Who We Are.” TREF Legacy Center. Accessed November 20, 2023. https://www.legacycenter.com/who-we-are.

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Program The location of the project is at the prominent corner of 12th Ave and West 30th Street along thealong the border of Hudson Yards and West Chelsea, Manhattan. The program is a Black Business Historicalluy Underutilized Buiness(HUB) for the city of NYC: a place to celebrate the past and future of African American entrepreneurs.

BUILDING TYPE

AREA

Administrative Space Childcare/Teen Center Co-Working Spaces Event Hall Finance Center Fitness Center Library Medical Offices Shared Commercial Kitchen Sustainable Space Restaurant Retail

2,000 square feet 10,000 square feet 14,000 square feet 20,000 square feet 10,000 square feet 20,000 square feet 20,000 square feet 20,000 square feet 6000 square feet 4,474 square feet 10,485 square feet 18,041 square feet

SUBTOTAL Walls, Circulation, and services (20%) ___________________________________________ GRAND TOTAL

160,000 square feet (Net) 40,000 square feet 200,000 square feet

COST ESTIMATE A. Building Costs ($ per sq ft) B. Fixed Equipment (rule of thumb: 8% of A) C. Site Development (rule of thumb: 15% of A) D. Acquisition/Demolition E. Movable Equipment (8% of total construction) F. Professional fees (10% of total construction) G. Contingencies (10% of total construction) H. Administrative costs (1% of total construction)

$215,404,000.00 $17,232,320.00 $32,310,600.00 $0.00 $17,232,320.00 $21,540,400.00 $21,540,400.00 $2,154.04

Total Construction (A+B+C)

$264,946,920.00

Total Budget required (A through H)

$ 327,414,080.00

The cost estimate methodology is a calculator and research based on following below.

The New School University Center / SOM $353,000,000.00/370,000 = $954.05 $/SF Northeast Bronx YMCA $60,000,000.00/50,000- = $1,200 $/SF $2154.05/2 = $1077.02 $/SF

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B

CO

ED

Building Analysis & Programming Administrative Space Sustainable Space Classrooms/multipurpose Shared Commercial Kitchen Restaurant Childcare/Teen Center Finance Center

Retail

Event Hall

Library

BUSINESS HEALTH

OMMUNITY

Medical Offices

DUCATION RETAIL

Fitness Center

Diagram 1

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Program Outline & Cost Estimating BUILDING TYPE

AREA

$/SF

Est. Budget Total

Administrative Space Subtotal

2,000 square feet

$

$

Childcare/Teen Center Lobby Indoor Playground Classrooms 8 @ 350 square feet each Staff and Administration Restrooms Child-watch room Youth/family suite Tenn Center Subtotal

250 square feet 1,200 square feet 2,800 square feet 500 square feet 250 square feet 621 square feet 364 square feet 4000 square feet 9,985 square feet

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

Co-Working Spaces Subtotal

14,000 square feet

$

$

Event Hall 250-seat auditorium Ballroom Exhibition Space Forum with a seating capacity of 72 Multipurpose room Lobby Offices Restrooms Think Tank @3 392 square feet each Voting Center Subtotal

4,000 square feet 9,295 square feet 2,000 square feet 1,008 square feet 624 square feet ___ square feet ___ square feet ___ square feet 1,176 square feet ___ square feet 18,103 square feet

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

Finance Center Bank Business Office Career Services Area Flexible office space Innovation Hub Investment Lab Lobby Production Studio Restrooms Storage Subtotal

7500 square feet ___ square feet ___ square feet 200 square feet ___ square feet ___ square feet 500 square feet ___ square feet 500 square feet 800 square feet 10,000 square feet

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

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BUILDING TYPE

AREA

$/SF

Est. Budget Total

Fitness Center Dividable Gym Flexible Studio Space Group Studio A Group Studio for Cycling Lobby Men’s Locker Room Women’s Locker Room Quiet Studio Wellness Center (fitness) Subtotal

7,191 square feet 499 square feet 2,061 square feet 822 square feet 254 square feet 1,077 square feet 1,296 square feet 1,000 square feet 5,800 square feet 20,000 square feet

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

Library Business Library 25-person Classroom 42-person Classroom Computer Lab 50-person Computer Teaching Lab Public Library Seminar Room Subdividable Community Room Subtotal

4,526 square feet 450 square feet 672 square feet 960 square feet 960 square feet 9,682 square feet 450 square feet 2,300 square feet 20,000 square feet

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

Medical Offices Counseling/Psychological Dentist Primary Care w/ Pharmacy Vision Care Subtotal

6,000 square feet 4,000 square feet 8,000 square feet 2,000 square feet 20,000 square feet

$ $ $ $ $

$ $ $ $ $

Shared Commercial Kitchen Subtotal

6,000 square feet

$

$

Sustainable Space Community Garden Garden Planted Area Roof Terrace Subtotal

600 square feet 1,620 square feet 612 square feet 1000 square feet 4,474 square feet

$ $ $ $ $

$ $ $ $ $

Restaurant Subtotal

10,485 square feet

$

$

Retail Subtotal

18,041 square feet

$

$

Subtotal (Net)

143,103 square feet Right /

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BUSINESS COMMUNITY EDUCATION

Planted Area

HEALTH RETAIL

Roof Terrance

Classroom

Community Garden Ballroom Event Space

Library

Community Co-working Spaces

Childcare

Compute Labs

Community Room Gymnasium & Locker Rooms

Group Studio Welness Center

Quiet Studio

Health Flexible Studios

Primary Care Therapist Office

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Restaurants

Dentist Office

Retai

Medical Offices

T K Pharmacy

ms

Conference Room

Adminstrative Space

Finance Center

Education

er

il

Teaching Kitchen

Business Center

Multipurpose Rooms

Classrooms

Bank Innovation Hub

120-seating Auditorium

Forum Offices

Voting Center

Political Center Multipurpose Rooms

Think Tank Think Tank

Think Tank

Program Concept Diagram 2 Right /

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Administrative Space Childcare/Teen Center Multipurpose rooms Shared Commercial Kitchen Co-Working Spaces Event Hall Fitness Center

Direct Adjacency Near Adjacency No Adjacency

Library Medical Offices Restaurant/Retail Sustainable Space

Adjacency Diagram 3

Program Concept Diagram 1

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Teen Center

Lobby

4,000 SF

250 SF

Indoor Playground

Classrooms 350 SF

Classrooms

1,200 SF

350 SF

Classrooms 350 SF

Childcare/ Classrooms Teen Center 350 SF

Restrooms

Classrooms

Classrooms

350 SF

350 SF

621 SF

250 SF

Youth/ family suite

Classrooms

Childwatch room

Staff & Adminstration

364 SF

350 SF

500 SF

Classrooms 350 SF

Childcare

Classrooms Computer Labs

Business Center

Library Multipurpose Rooms

Finance Center

Bank

Conference Room

Business Library

Think Tank

Forum

Political Center Innovation Hub

Adminstrative Space

Think Tank Think Tank

Offices

Voting Center

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Program Criteria: Integrate considerations for the surrounding buildings and urban environment into the design, accounting for factors such as neighborhood characteristics (e.g., Hudson Yards) and the street grid.

Infuse the design with a distinctive New York City aesthetic by selecting one of the following building styles and employing corresponding construction materials or systems: 1. Colonial/Neocolonial 2. Neoclassical 3. Renaissance Revival 4. Gothic Revival 5. Art Nouveau 6. Cast-Iron 7. Beaux-Arts 8. Art Deco 9. International Style 10. Brutalism 11. New Formalism 12. Google/Space Age 13. High-Tech 14. Post Modernism 15. Deconstructionism

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Notes 1

(ICC), International Code Council. “2018 International Building Code (IBC): ICC Digital Codes.” 2018 INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE (IBC) | ICC DIGITAL CODES. Accessed December 14, 2023. https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/IBC2018/chapter-3-occupancy-classification-and-use.

2

“Northeast Bronx YMCA.” Marvel. Accessed December 14, 2023. https://marveldesigns. com/work/northeast-bronx-ymca/138.

3

“University Center – The New School.” SOM, October 27, 2023. https://www.som.com/projects/university-center-the-new-school/.

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