VIEWPOINTS A Hollow Core

By EDITORIAL BOARD

If there’s a maxim for the Core, it’s this: If you’re learning how to think, you’re not learning the subject. And if you’re only learning the subject, you’re not learning how to think.

Students entering the Core’s humanities and civilization sequences with disinterest will not leave with a newfound passion for The Odyssey or the Reformation. With any luck, they will grasp argumentation and research—they’ve learned “how to think,” as the Core’s webpage puts it—but no holistic appreciation for literature and history. The concept of the Core is noble, but if its goal is to embolden its students with robust interdisciplinary perspectives, subject knowledge is as important as appreciation. Even with several updates in the past century, the Core still remains a relic of the 1930s—hardly a reflection of the current academic zeitgeist.

We don’t think every course has to be backbreaking, especially when many students are not placed in classes they want, but it is time to create a Core that lives up to its professed ideals while reflecting the realities of the UChicago student of today.

One of the biggest issues surrounding the Core isn’t even within the courses themselves; it is how students pre-register for classes, which oftentimes causes headaches and anxieties for students long after they’ve completed their Core requirements. The system functions like this: Students usually register for three to five classes but place them in order of preference. The more they are interested in a class, the higher they place it. If students place a class high enough, they are able to enroll. However, this is not always the case. For instance, if students have several classes they need to take in a certain quarter, only one can be their number one choice, leading to placements in other classes they do not want or, in the worst case, not getting any of the classes they want.

These issues are completely divorced from the stark differences in the professors whom students taking the same course can get. Each teacher is their own individual, so differences between them are inevitable. However, these differences can lead to varying levels of difficulties and experiences that can color a student’s time in the Core, possibly even diminishing their interest in a subject toward which they might once have been neutral.

Humanities

In the summer, incoming first-years rank their preferred humanities (Hum) courses in a separate registration system and are then required to complete at least two quarters of the sequence in their first year. But how effective are the Hum sequences in giving students an idea of what purposes UChicago’s Core are meant to serve?

Several of the Hum sequences, along with some social science and civilization sequences, attempt to pursue the Core’s goal through very outdated curricula. Firstly, the readings required in many of the classes fail to include significantly more contemporary works, featuring more from the early 20th century. Though there are centuries-old texts that are important to study and know to engage fully in academic life at the College, the curriculum being taught in 2023 must reflect our current world and social climate. In other words, what good is knowing how to think when a student is not given the breadth of perspectives from their current world in order to form original thought?

For example, on the syllabus for Human Being and the Citizen, some sections have no female authors in the first two quarters, boasting works exclusively from the Western canon. Diversity in college classrooms has skyrocketed over the past century, and these courses must change to reflect that shift. How can students, most of whom cannot identify or relate to most of the works they read in their required first-year Hum sequence, be expected to engage thoughtfully with the subject thereafter? Shouldn’t the newest students on campus be able to see themselves in the Core in order to be more engaged classroom participants?

Social Sciences

The social sciences (Sosc) and Hum Core courses have many of the same strengths and weaknesses. Both have discussion-based sequences geared toward developing one’s written and oral argumentation— the stuff that a marginally less pretentious school would call an English gen ed. UChicago’s Sosc program tries to distinguish itself from peer schools’ general education requirements in its “commitment to approaching critically matters of social formation and change.” For the most part, it succeeds. Sosc sequences like Power, Identity, and Resistance and its inward-looking counterpart Self, Culture, and Society have long been considered among the most enriching academic experiences at the University.

Unfortunately, the same can’t be said of every sequence. Options more concerned with empirical methods, like Social Science Inquiry or Mind, receive the criticism that they “aren’t real Soscs” because they’re not comparably critical or conceptual. The development of social thought in economics or psychology is a valuable topic, but one could find an experience equivalent—or superior—to the cursory Sosc overview in departments related to those courses, for example statistics, economics, or HIPS. In remodeling existing sequences or introducing new ones, those designing the curricula ought to ask themselves what makes a Sosc sequence a necessary, unique experience that a student couldn’t find elsewhere.

Civilization and Arts

The civilization (Civ) and arts sequences face similar challenges: they fail to instil an appreciation for the subject at hand. Unless students are majoring in something related to the topics discussed in Civ or arts courses, they often view these classes as the “easier part of the Core,” leading to less meaningful engagement since the knowledge barrier to entry is lower than, say, that of a biology course. For Civ, many students study or memorize historical events in order to synthesize them for essays, while arts courses focus on discussing and making art, both of which are experiences or skills most students have had and are thus more accessible. In turn, these factors lead to apathy and fewer fruitful discussions in the classroom. This sentiment represents shifting attitudes toward the value of a Core-centered education. As more and more American universities, including UChicago, tailor their academics to be more pre-professional, there is something remarkable about a curriculum that prizes learning for the sake of learning. The Core is supposed to teach and provide students with an appreciation for subjects and methodologies they wouldn’t study otherwise, but it also requires a buy-in from students to be enthusiastic learners in these endeavors.

Some of this attitude comes from the Core’s reputation as an almost Sisyphean task for students to complete—and some of it comes from the handful of Core professors who admit they want to be anywhere else besides engaging with the young scholars in front of them. Even the most enthusiastic students stand to lose their passion for a course if their professor treats its material as disposable. Reading Dostoevsky may tell us about crime and punishment—but to construe reading his work as a punishment in itself is an even more insidious crime.

Natural and Mathematical Sciences

The natural sciences core, often called the biology core, teaches us that many present-day, life-saving antibiotics were discovered in bacteria. So too can we discover a solution to the problems in the natural and mathematical sciences Core sequences in a few unique classes that enable students to appreciate the scientific process and its generalizable lessons without sentencing them to a quarter of arduous memorization.

In Inquiry-based Exploration of Biology, for example, instructors have shifted from a grading system based on multiple papers or exams to a project-based approach. While readings, classroom discussions, and labs still exist—as they do in a majority of Core sequences—this course attaches the course grade to a quarter-long project, which students develop over time with the support of the instructor or teaching assistants.

We believe that this project-based approach offers powerful solutions to a number of present problems in the Core— particularly in the sciences. Instead of forcing students to drill ambiguous pathways or regurgitate highly specific enzymes for the sake of a single exam, the project-based approach encourages students to engage with the subject matter on their own terms—in accordance with their own interests—practically begging for an increased appreciation for the material. Further, the greater instructor input makes it harder for students to fall behind while providing students with the encouragement and insights that actually support students in diving deeper. In fact, one could imagine a system in which final project grading is tied more closely to the instructor’s sense of how much effort and engagement the student has invested into their project, relative to their prior knowledge. This is fairness. It is at least certainly more fair, and more equitable, than expecting students with totally different backgrounds to perform the same way in the classroom.

Project-based learning in the sciences also speaks to the Core’s purported aim of endowing students with the skills found in specific disciplines that ultimately can be applied to any discipline. Students, through a single science project, learn how to answer their own questions, grapple with failure and the unexpected, collaborate with their peers in group projects to achieve a unified goal, and articulate their findings with confidence. These skills are valuable outside of research careers—and certainly more valuable than writing out the steps of glycolysis under time pressure.

Then again, some classes and learners are better suited to traditional pedagogical approaches. We believe that by the time they enter the College, students know what learning style works for them, so the Core should empower them to choose the education model tailored to their personal preferences. Once again, this comes down to enhanced transparency. As with Hum and Sosc syllabi, the curricula of all courses—including those for the rest of the Core—should be made available so that prospective students can choose the courses that best match their personal goals and learning styles. Making students aware of the variety of paths on offer will in turn smooth their journeys of self-discovery—even for those with no destination in mind. Another solution would be an expansion or reinvestment in optional student support systems, like the Hum writing seminars, the math tutorials offered in the Math 130 sequence, and the CLiC/CLOC study groups organized for general chemistry and organic chemistry students, but they currently lack investment. In particular, CLiC/CLOC fosters group skills that not only capture the collaborative spirit of science but also are practical requisites for any workplace. We’re curious why these measures are so limited because expanding these support networks would allow students to help themselves even without the more radical curricular changes we propose.

Not only does increased student support in STEM courses help students succeed, but it also democratizes science itself, taking small steps toward dispelling harmful notions of its accessibility and creating generations of thinkers who naturally bring to the field much-needed diversity in perspectives. After all, math and science don’t have to seem as difficult as we make them out to be. While the detail-oriented nature of STEM classes perhaps expects a certain type of mastery of a subject not expected in some other classes, the notion that science and math are inherently more difficult is oftentimes a damaging one. It makes the field less accessible to many, and it protects the STEM depart- ment from pushing for increased equity. The fact that this myth is propagated through the Core is problematic, so employing the variety of pedagogical approaches and support systems for which we’ve argued can help counter this misconception we’re so often fed.

Potential Solutions

The question that emerges after such a full, and perhaps tedious, walkthrough of the Core’s present failings is: How do we make the Core work for students? How do we restore the Core to its goals of teaching students how to think and bring an interdisciplinary perspective into further studies?

While each branch of the Core features its own sets of aforementioned problems, they all loosely fall under the category of the unstandardized grading system that feeds into the larger issue of picking Core classes based to some degree on perceived ease in attaining an A rather than genuine student interest. Remedying this problem of the culture of the Core has attainable solutions.

Core classes could be graded on a pass-fail scale, enabling students to read texts outside of their comfort zones without the pressure of receiving an A. It would even encourage students to choose courses that spark their interests, not just those with the most generous professors who will give out “easy As.”

Furthermore, the University can implement a class geared specifically towards teaching students how to think via a course that builds towards a final project similar to those students will encounter in major classes. Each step of the project would teach students “how to think” and offer in-depth feedback on that specific part of the project in a way many higher-level classes will often gloss over in favor of surveying solely the end product. This research-oriented class could manifest into two options: one geared toward humanities-driven writing and the other toward important aspects of scientific writing. For the humanities research focus, stages could include how to pick a broadly specific research focus or effectively gather college-level sources, modeled in the vein of humanities seminars or tutorials. For a STEM research course, steps could be more formalized versions of how CLiC/CLOC study groups function.

Though its lofty ideals might claim otherwise, the Core doesn’t work for many students. It’s too hard to reliably get the classes you want in a certain quarter, and it’s too easy to become disinterested even if the class you really wanted doesn’t live up to your expectations. In each of these Core subjects, we see the specific pitfalls that prevent students from appreciating the holistic wonders of learning and academia. The unifying experience that we go through during the Core is a hallmark of one’s time at UChicago. Shouldn’t this process be remembered as an enriching adventure instead of a challenging ordeal? It’s time for a fix.

The Maroon Editorial Board consists of the editors-in-chief and select staff of The Maroon.

Members of the Maroon Editorial Board who contributed to this editorial: Solana Adedokun, Elena Eisenstadt, Cherie Fernandes, Michael McClure, Eva McCord, Naina Purushothaman, Kayla Rubenstein, Anu Vashist.