Citizen Suburban Times Weekly 1-15-2020

Citizen Week of Jan. 15, 2020

| Vol. 3 | No. 23 | www.citizennewspapergroup.com

SUBURBAN TIMES WEEKLY

POLITISCOPE

If Democrats nominate a woman for president, don’t try to make predictions about how she’ll do PAGE 2

NEWS

Federal Appeals Court Reinstates NAACP Census Suit PAGE 4

Gwen Ifill

REAL ESTATE Check out our real estate listings for important foreclosure information PAGES 6-7

U .S. POSTAL SERVICE ISSUING GWEN IFILL BLACK HERITAGE FOREVER STAMP JAN. 30 The 43rd stamp in the Black Heritage series honors Gwen Ifill, one of the nation’s most esteemed journalists. The stamp art features a photo of Ifill taken in 2008 by photographer Robert Severi. Art director Derry Noyes designed the stamp. SEE PAGE 2

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COMMUNITY

U .S. Postal Service Issuing Gwen Ifill Black Heritage Forever Stamp Jan. 30 Continued from page 1 The 43rd stamp in the Black Heritage series honors Gwen Ifill, one of the nation’s most esteemed journalists. The stamp art features a photo of Ifill taken in 2008 by photographer Robert Severi. Art director Derry Noyes designed the stamp.

News of the stamp is being shared with the hashtags #GwenIfillForever and #BlackHeritageStamps. The stamp dedication ceremony will be held on Thursday, Jan. 30, 2020, at 11 a.m. EST at the Metropolitan African Methodist Episcopal Church in Washington, DC. Gwen Ifill was among the first African Americans to hold prominent positions in both broadcast and print journalism.

After graduating from college in 1977, Ifill worked at The Boston Herald American, The Baltimore Evening Sun, The Washington Post and The New York Times. In 1994, she took a broadcast job at NBC, where she covered politics in the DC bureau. Five years later, she joined PBS; she became the senior political correspondent for “The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer” and moderator and managing editor of “Washington Week” — the first woman and first African American to moderate a major television news-analysis show.

In 2013, she became co-anchor of the “PBS NewsHour,” part of the first all-female team to

anchor a national nightly news program. Ifill died in 2016.

Among Ifill’s honors were the Radio Television Digital News Foundation’s Leonard Zeidenberg First Amendment Award (2006), Harvard’s Joan Shorenstein Center’s Goldsmith Career Award for Excellence in Journalism (2009) and induction into the National Association of Black Journalists Hall of Fame (2012).

In 2015, she was awarded the Fourth Estate Award by the National Press Club. She received numerous honorary degrees and served on the boards of the News Literacy Project and the Committee to Protect Journalists, which renamed its Press Freedom Award in her honor.

The 2016 John Chancellor Award was posthumously awarded to Ifill by the Columbia

Journalism School. In 2017, the Washington Press Club Foundation and the “PBS NewsHour” created a journalism fellowship named for Ifill. Her alma mater, Simmons University, opened the Gwen Ifill College of Media, Arts, and Humanities in 2018.

Customers may purchase stamps and other philatelic products through The Postal Store at usps.com/shop, by calling 800-STAMP24 (800-782-6724), by mail through USA Philatelic or at Post Office locations nationwide.

The Postal Service receives no tax dollars for operating expenses and relies on the sale of postage, products and services to fund its operations.

For more information about the Postal Service, visit usps.com and facts.usps.com.

POLITISCOPE

If Democrats nominate a woman for president, don’t try to make predictions about how she’ll do true about any woman entering any male-dominated profession. Saying sexism exists isn’t much of a prediction.

There is much uncertainty about how gender would affect the viability of a female presidential candidate. It’s still not clear which Democrat actually has the best chance of winning in 2020, and it’s actually not clear that gender matters much.

BY NATHANIEL SWIGGER

Four women remain out of an original six in the Democratic primary for president: Sens. Elizabeth Warren and Amy Klobuchar, Rep. Tulsi Gabbard and activist Marianne Williamson.

They may face a harder road than the men in the race. Research on candidates has shown that women encounter a number of obstacles in a political campaign.

Gender stereotypes work against women. Voters may be less likely to see them as leaders, or may see them as credible only on “feminine” issues like education and child care, and question their ability on “masculine” issues like national security.

In a recent experiment, Dr. Meredith Meyer, associate professor of psychology at Otterbein University, and I showed that women candidates are better off focusing on so-called feminine issues regardless of the voter’s beliefs about gender.

“People often form negative attitudes against those who deviate from gender norms,” we concluded.

“Female candidates who tend to focus on issues stereotypically thought of as feminine are generally more positively evaluated than those who focus on stereotypically masculine domains.”

This means that even though presidential candidate Elizabeth Warren enjoys widespread favorability among

Nathaniel Swigger

Democratic primary voters, they may be reluctant to vote for her. Defeating President Donald Trump is an important concern for these voters. As much as they might like Warren, they may prefer what they think is a safer bet for the general election.

But a man isn’t necessarily a safer bet than a woman.

Missing pieces There are missing pieces in political scientists’ understanding of female presidential candidates that limit our ability to make confident statements about gender and electability.

If the Democrats nominate a woman, that woman will undoubtedly face challenges arising from sexism and gender stereotypes.

But the same thing would be

The data problem Political scientists study campaigns to see how various circumstances might affect the outcome of an election.

For example, a researcher might want to know the best way to encourage people to vote. To answer this kind of question, a researcher will look across multiple races, measuring a wide variety of factors. Comparing and contrasting similar and dissimilar factors in candidates, messaging and other aspects of campaigns allows researchers to create statistical models about what factors matter in a campaign.

Scholars then take those findings and make predictions about similar campaigns. Congressional races are especially useful for this task because there are 435 races every two years, which means we can collect data on a large sample of candidates and campaigns within a tight time period.

But it is difficult to be certain about www.citizennewspapergroup.com

what matters in presidential elections because they are so unusual. Presidential campaigns are very different from other kinds of campaigns. Voters and media pay far more attention, and this attention can alter the campaign effects.

This means that research on congressional campaigns doesn’t necessarily apply to presidential campaigns.

Political scientists can try to generalize by looking at presidential elections on their own, but this becomes a problem because there are so few of them, and politics – voters, campaign techniques, life, the universe in general – have changed over time. Collecting data during a campaign can tell you what happened in the last presidential election, but that doesn’t necessarily tell about future campaigns.

Put simply: The 1952 Eisenhower v. Stevenson campaign does not tell us much about the 2020 presidential election.

The Hillary problem Obviously, it is even more difficult to have a general understanding of how gender affects presidential candidates.

Hillary Clinton is the only woman to win a major party’s presidential nomination. She’s also the only woman to ever come close to being elected president.

It is difficult to make scientific statements that can be generalized to a larger group, let alone predictions about future events, when you start with a sample size of one. In practice, much of the research about “female presidential candidates” is research about Hillary Clinton.

Researchers are left asking how much of voters’ response to Clinton was due to her gender and how much of it was due to her as an individual. There is little doubt sexism played a role: Research suggests that sexism motivated some voters on President Trump’s behalf in the 2016 election.

But did Hillary Clinton’s gender alone guarantee that sexism would be a mobilizing factor in 2016? Did her unique personal history encourage more sexism, or did the public’s familiarity with her actually decrease the importance of sexism relative to her own personal conduct and reputation?

Is it even possible to separate sexism from evaluations of Hillary Clinton?

Scholars don’t know the answer to these questions because they have no one to compare with Clinton.

The Trump problem Adding to scholars’ confusion is that the 2020 Democratic nominee Continued on page 4

CITIZEN | Suburban Times Weekly | Week of Jan. 15, 2020

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NEWS POLITISCOPE

If Democrats nominate a woman for president, don’t try to make predictions about how she’ll do Continued from page 2 will likely face President Trump, who is also a unique kind of candidate.

In their work on the 2016 election, scholars Nicholas A. Valentino, Carly Wayne and Marzia Oceno find that sexism and anger combined to mobilize turnout on President Trump’s behalf in 2016.

However, they point out that there is really no way to disentangle how much of sexism’s mobilizing effect was due to Clinton, and how much may have been due to the president’s own sexist behavior and campaign rhetoric.

Research indicates that some respondents felt their national identity was tied to stereotypical masculine traits and worried that Americans were becoming too soft and feminine. These so-called “gendered nationalist” voters responded favorably to Trump’s hyper-masculine rhetoric.

Since it is unlikely the president

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will alter his rhetoric in the 2020 campaign, it seems fair to assume he will do well with these voters again.

Sexism could still be a mobilizing force for Trump voters regardless of whether or not the Democrats nominate a woman.

Partisanship drives voting decisions Research on female candidates often looks at views rather than votes.

In our experiments, we studied how voters responded to male and female candidates who used gender stereotypical and nonstereotypical campaign appeals. We showed participants campaign messages from male and female candidates and measured how respondents rated the candidates on warmth, competence, authenticity and likability.

This approach works well if you are thinking about how candidates might fare in a primary election where policy differences between candidates may be less important than voters’ feelings about the candidates.

But in a general election, and particularly in a presidential election, partisanship is often the key determinant of vote choice. If a voter’s only interest is selecting a nominee most likely to win a general election, then gender may not matter.

Kathleen Dolan’s work on female congressional candidates shows that party identity seems to carry more weight with voters than gender identity. While her work focused on congressional elections, it suggests that Democrats who may prefer a man to a woman will still vote for a female Democrat, any female Democrat, rather than Republican President Trump.

But mostly, researchers are left with speculation in this area.

Maybe voters won’t be as willing to volunteer or donate money for a female candidate. Maybe media coverage for a woman would be different than it would be for a man, which could have some indirect effect on voters. You could even speculate that a female president would face unique obstacles to her policy agenda due to gender stereotypes.

But we don’t really know.

Nathaniel Swigger is an Associate Professor of Political Science at The Ohio State University.

US Census Bureau Population Regions

Federal Appeals Court Reinstates NAACP Census Suit The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), Prince George’s County, Maryland, and other plaintiffs won an important appeals court ruling recently, which reinstates their federal suit challenging the federal government’s inadequate plans for conducting the 2020 Census after the district court erroneously dismissed it.

The ruling will aid efforts to ensure that the 2020 Census properly counts all people, including historically undercounted communities of color, who are at risk of being missed under the Census Bureau’s current plans.

“Mindful of the Supreme Court’s recent guidance affirming judicial review of ‘both constitutional and statutory challenges to census-related decision-making’ . . ., we conclude that the district court erred in dismissing the plaintiffs’ Enumeration Clause claims as unripe,” a unanimous three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit wrote in an opinion authored

by Judge Barbara Keenan on December 19, 2019.

The Court directed the District Court to expeditiously proceed with the plaintiffs’ claims under the Enumeration Clause.

Chief Judge Roger L. Gregory added in a concurring opinion: “If Congress is in violation of the Enumeration Clause’s mandate, it cannot take refuge behind the fig leaf of deference to administrative procedure. Nothing is more existential to the preservation of the ‘Republic’ than requiring an ‘actual Enumeration’ without ‘partiality or oppression.’”

The suit, NAACP et al. v. Bureau of the Census, was filed in March 2018. Plaintiffs allege that the Bureau’s deficient plans for the 2020 Census will lead to an undercount www.citizennewspapergroup.com

of communities of color, leading to decreased political representation and diminished allocations of federal funding for plaintiffs. The suit seeks to ensure the government fulfills its legal obligations to enumerate the entire population.

“Today’s decision moves us closer to our goal of ensuring that African Americans and other historically undercounted communities are fairly and accurately counted in the 2020 census, a necessary predicate to equal representation in Congress and state legislative bodies,” said NAACP General Counsel Bradford M. Berry.

“An accurate count will also ensure that traditionally underserved communities receive their fair share of the billions spent each year on federal program payments in such critically important areas as education, transportation, and health care,” said Berry.

The Department of Commerce, according to a press release, is putting hard-to-count populations at risk of a severe undercount in 2020 by slashing field infrastructure, drastically cutting the resources dedicated to community outreach and advertising, and reducing follow up with individuals who do not initially respond to the census questionnaire.

“The government’s decisions about the 2020 Census will have a deep impact on racial inequality over the next 10 years and beyond,” said Robert Ross, president of the Prince George’s County NAACP Branch, which is also a plaintiff in the suit. “By cutting key programs and resources meant to ensure that traditionally neglected communities are properly counted, the government is perpetuating a cycle of political and financial disempowerment.”

“This is a critical step for Prince George’s County, and other tradition-

ally undercounted communities, as we work to ensure that we have the resources and opportunity to achieve a complete count in 2020,” said Prince George’s County Executive Angela Alsobrooks.

“As a result of the undercount during the 2010 Census, our County lost out on approximately $363 million in federal funding; money that goes to help us fund schools, infrastructure and healthcare. We are now closer to ensuring that Prince George’s County and other traditionally undercounted communities receive the public resources and political representation they are due.”

The proceedings before the Fourth Circuit stemmed from an appeal by the plaintiffs. In opinions in January and August 2019, Judge Paul W. Grimm of the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland dismissed plaintiffs’ case. The Fourth Circuit reversed Judge Grimm’s decisions and reinstated the plaintiffs’ constitutional claims, while affirming the dismissal of their separate claims under the Administrative Procedure Act. “This ruling provides hope that some of the decisions that will undercount communities of color can be redressed in time for the 2020 Census,” said Rachel Brown ’20, a law student intern with the Yale Law School Peter Gruber Rule of Law Clinic. Brown argued the appeal together with Jessica Ring Amunson of Jenner & Block LLP, co-counsel for the plaintiffs. “This decision gets us closer to a more just 2020 Census and shines a light on the critical issues at stake in the decennial census,” added Amunson.

The Peter Gruber Rule of Law Clinic at Yale Law School, Jenner & Block, and the NAACP Office of the General Counsel represent the plaintiffs.

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