Y25(issue_49)

x'=b=g+=)#.)%(.)^), sf=k=lh=b=g+= )!.)%).)%!, sfe|]

If]qLo :t/sf] ‘s’ >]0fLsf] ;fKtflxs

bf]>f] kf“rvfn dxf]T;j z'?

…k|fyldstfdf ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f / s[lif pkhsf] a9fjfÚ

CHESHTA WEEKLY jif{ @% c+s $( @)&^ c;f]h #) ut] ljxLjf/ (Thursday, 17th Oct. 2019) g]kfn ;+jt\ !!#(, d"No ?= %. -pkTosfsf] nflu ?= &_ k]h *±* www.cheshtaweekly.com.np

ljBfnosf] hUuf Knl6Ë xs cfkm\gf] gfddf hUufwgL sfod u/L hUUff btf{ u/L ;f]sf] k|df0fk'hf{ ;d]t lnPsf lyP . cbfntn] pQm hUufsf] btf{ cGo s;}sf] gfddf ePsf] eP klg vf/]h u/L ljBfnos} gfddf sfod ug{] km};nf ;'gfPsf] lyof] . zDe'axfb'/ yfkfn] btf{ u/]sf] !@& gDj/ lsQf hUuf cbfntsf] clGtd km};nf cg';f/ :jtM ab/ ePsf] dflgg' kg{] x'Fbf lsQf gDj/ !##, !#$ / !@& sf tLg} lsQf hUufx? rqmHof]tL lgdflj e}+;]kf6L hUufwgL sfod u/L hUuf btf{ u/L k|df0fk'hf{ k|flKtsf nflu ljBfnon] @)#( ;fpg @^ ut] cbnftsf] k|dfl0ft km};nf, lkmN8a's ptf/, gDj/L btf{ ptf/ / hgsnfn dlwsdL{sf gfdsf] @)#$ ;fnsf] lt/f] lt/]sf] /l;b ;d]t ;+nUg /fvL dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]sdf k|wfgfWofksn] kq btf{ u/fPsf lyP . ljBfnosf] kq cg';f/ dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]sn] cy{ dGqfno dfnkf]t ljefudf k'g/fj]bs afbL pu|tf/f * afx'g8fF8f a:g] ;'GtnL ;ls{gL / zDe'axfb'/ yfkf ;d]tsf] @)#% h]i7 * ut]sf] c~rn cbfntsf] km};nf pk/ ljkIfsf] cg'dltsf] k'g/fj]bg k/]sf] 5 5}g

df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf e}+;]kf6L, ;f“uf w'lnv]n÷rqmHof]tL dfWolds ljBfno e}+;]kf6Lsf] gfddf /x]sf] ( /f]kgL % cfgf @ k};f ! bfd hUuf Knl6Ë ePsf] 5 . rGbfbfg lbO{Psf] ljBfnosf] hUuf %$ jif{ kl5 Knl6Ë ul/Psf] xf] . hUuf Aoj;foL nIdL k|;fO{n] zDe'axfb'/ yfkfsf efO{x? af;' yfkf / s]zj yfkf;Fu vl/b u/L Knl6Ë u/]sf x'g\ . ljBfnosf] gfddf nfnk'hf{ /x]sf] ( /f]kgL % cfgf @ k}};f ! bfd hUuf af;' yfkf / s]zjaxfb'/ yfkf;Fu hUuf Aoj;foL nIdL k|;fO{n] vl/b u/L Knl6ª u/]sf x'g\ . k|lt cfgf # nfv ?k}ofFdf vl/b u/L !% nfv ?k}ofFdf k|;fO{n] ljqmL ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . rng rlNtsf] d'No cg';f/ ljBfnosf] gfddf /x]sf] em08} @@ s/f]8 ?k}}ofFsf] hUuf Knl6ª ePsf] 5 . @)#% ;fn h]7 * ut] afUdtL c~rn

cbfntn] ljBfnosf] gfddf hUuf btf{ u/L k'hf{ agfpg / s;}n] s'g} k|of]hgsf nflu ljqmL ljt/0f ug{ gldNg] km};nf ;'gfPsf] lyof] . k'j{ ljh'nLsf] vDaf, klZrd 7f8f] af6f], pQ/ e't] 9'+uf, blIf0f kFw]/f hfg] af6f] leqsf] rf/ lsNnf leq /x]sf] ljhg .!.$ nfu]sf] kfvf] af/L pu|tf/f hgfufn ufpF k~rfot j8f gDj/ * lgjf;L zDe'axfb'/ yfkf, ;f]lx 7]ufgfsf 36]/f] ;fsL{ ;d]t b'O{ hgfn] @)@@ d+l;/ % ut] rqmHof]tL k|fylds ljBfnosf gfddf rGbf :j?k k|bfg u/]sf] ;fljs tyf xfn ;d]t ;fFuf gfl;sf:yfg ufpF k~rfot j8f gDj/ ! df kg{] lsQf gDj/ !##, !#$ / !@& sf lsQfx? sfod eO{ gfk gS;f ePsf] lyof] . ljBfnosf] ejg lgdf{0fsf nflu cfly{s cefj ePsfn] gk'u /sdsf] cfly{s >f]t h'6fpg hUufbftfx?n] bfg u/]sf hUufx? ljqmL ljt/0f ug{] ljBfno Aoj:yfkg ;ldltsf] lg0f{o lj?4

ljBfnosf] gfddf nfnk'hf{ /x]sf] ( /f]kgL % cfgf @ k}};f ! bfd hUuf af;' yfkf / s]zjaxfb'/ yfkf;Fu hUuf Aoj;foL nIdL k|;fO{n] vl/b u/L Knl6ª u/]sf x'g\ . k|lt cfgf # nfv ?k}ofFdf vl/b u/L !% nfv ?k}ofFdf k|;fO{n] ljqmL u/]sf 5g\ . rngrlNtsf] d'No cg';f/ ljBfnosf] gfddf /x]sf] em08} @@ s/f]8 ?k}}ofF k5{ .

hUUffbftf zDe'axfb'/ yfkf / 36]/f] ;fsL{ cbfnt k'u]sf lyP . ;e{] gflkdf lkmN8 emu8f hgfO{ sf]lx s;}sf gfddf hUuf wgL sfod eO{ btf{ x'g g;s]sf] pQm lsQf gDj/sf hUufx? @)#% h]i7 * ut] afUdtL c~rn cbfntsf] clGtd km};nf cg';f/ 3/;f/df v8f u/]sf] td;'s lgis[o u/fO{ a]rljvg ;d]t ug{ gkfpg] u/L :s'nsf] ;Dklt 7x/ x'g cfP klg rGbfbftf dWo]sf zDe'axfb'/ yfkfn] d'2f k}/jL rln/x]s} ;dodf @)#! ;fn c;f/ !( ut] lsQf gDj/ !@& sf] hUuf lsQfsf]

egL dWodf~rn If]lqo cbfntdf hfgsf/L dfu u/]sf] lyof] . ;f]lx lgj]bgsf cfwf/df dWodf~rn If]lqo cbfntn] dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]df @)#( c;f]h ^ ut] hjfkm k7fPsf] lyof] . ;'GtnL ;ls{gL / /Tgaxfb'/ wf}uf]8fsf] xs sfod d'2fdf cg'dlt lgj]bg k/]sf] ;Gb{edf @)#^ ;fn kmfu'g #) ut] ;'GtnL ;ls{gLsf] lgj]bg k'g/fj]bgsf] cg'dlt lbg gldNg] ePsfn] sfg'g adf]lhd ug{' eGg] cfb]z lbPsf] lyof] . cbfntsf] km};nfdf k'g/fj]bg gnfUg] u/L km};nf afFsL !) k]hdf

cfjZostf

t]hu+uf ax'd'vL SoFDk;

o; SofDk;sf] nflu b]xfoadf]lhdsf] sd{rf/L cfjZostf ePsf] x'Fbf OR5's of]Uotf k'u]sf g]kfnL gful/sx?n] cfkm\gf] of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkq ;lxt ;Dks{ ug{x'g cg'/f]w ul/G5 .

pRr lzIffsf] If]qdf cu|0fL :yfg cf]u6\g ;kmn kgf}tL–*, l:yt t]hu+uf ax'd'vL SofDk;df z}lIfs ;q @)&^÷)&& sf] nflu :gfts tx k|yd jif{df egf{ v'Nof]

kb M ;xfos n]vfkfn of]Uotf M ± jf ;f] eGbf dfly tna M cfk;L ;dembf/Ldf cg'ejLnfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .

t]hu+uf ax'd'vL SoFDk; kgf}tL, sfe|]knf~rf]s

kmf]g g+= )!!–$$))@*, $$!$&& Email: tmcpanauti@gmail.com

kgf}tL, sfe|]knf~rf]s

;+rflnt sfo{qmd 4 Years B.B.S. 4 Years B.Ed. 3 Years B.A.

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kmf]g g+= )!!–$$))@*, $$!$&& Email: tmcpanauti@gmail.com

p4j clwsf/L kf“rvfn kfFrvfn o'gfO6]8 km'6an Pzf]l;P;g kfFrvfnsf] cfof]hgfdf a'waf/af6 bf]>f] kfFrvfn dxf]T;j cfof]hgf ul/Psf] 5 . dxf]T;jsf] pb\3f6g ;+rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqL Pj+ ;/sf/sf k|jQmf uf]s'n af:sf]6fn] ug{' ePsf] 5 . dxf]T;jsf] pb\3f6g ub{} dGqL af:sf]6fn] kfFrvfn s[lif / cf}wf]lus If]qsf ?kdf cuf8L a9]sf] atfpg' eof] . dGqL af:sf]6fn] eGg'eof]– …cGt/f{li6«o sg]lS6le6Lsf ?kn] klg kfFrvfn dxTjk"0f{ gfsf /x]sf] 5 . kfFrvfndf o:tf d]nfx?sf] ;Defjgf ef]lnsf lbgdf cem} a9\g]5 . h'g z'?jft ePsf] 5 Tof] /fd|f] sfo{ xf] . af6f] lxl8;s]kl5 h;nfO{ klg lx8g\ cfpF5 . of] af6f] vGg] sfo{ u/]sf]df wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . eljZosf nflu of] /fd|f] sfo{sf] z'?jft xf] . kfFrvfndf

ljzfn ;Defjgf 5 . ljzfn ;DefjgfnfO{ xfdL qmdzM cufl8 a9fO{/x]sf 5f}+ . a9fpg] 5f}+ . cfpg] s]lx jif{df ;fFRr} kl/jt{g b]lvg]5 . of] kl/jt{gnfO{ y]Ug] 7'nf] :yfg kfFrvfn x'g]5 . d]nf dxf]T;j ug{], k|rf/–k|;f/ ug{] sfdn] emg} To;nfO{ dxTj lbG5 . k'vf{x?n] klxnf klg o:tf sfo{qmdx? t/fO{df xf6 ahf/sf gfddf uy{] eg] kxf8df ljleGg vfnsf hfqfx? x'Fbf o:tf sfo{qmdx? x'Gy] . ;+:s[ltsf ?kdf o:tf dxf]T;j;nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg' k5{ .Ú c;f]h @( ut] b]lv z'? ePsf] dxf]T;j sflt{s ( ut] zlgaf/;Dd rNg]5 . dxf]T;jdf kfFrvfn gu/sf] ;+:s[lt emNsg], s[lif pkhnfO{ a9fjf ub{} s[lif pTkfbg tyf gu/sf ko{6lso :ynx?sf k|j4{g ug{] p2]Zon] dxf]T;j cfof]hgf ul/Psf] cWoIf ldng >]i7n] atfpg' eof] . dxf]T;jsf] k"j{ ;GWofdf :yfgLo ;+:s[lt emNsg] P]ltxfl;s nfv] gfr, lwd] afhf, lxn] gfr, ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfsf] Aofg/ ;lxtsf] afFsL !) k]hdf

zlgaf/ !@* sf] ;ky ag]kf÷g]skf sfe|]sf g]tfx?nfO{ zlgaf/ ;ky u/fO{g] ePsf] 5 . kf6L{ PsLs/0fsf] nfdf] ;do kl5 lhNnf g]tfx?nfO{ ;ky u/fpg nfluPsf] xf] .

PsLs/0f kl5 5gf}6 ul/Psf ! ;o @* g]tfnfO{ ;ky u/fO{g] ePsf] xf] . kf6L{ OGrfh{ Pj+ ;/sf/sf k|jQmf ;+rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljwL dGqL uf]s'n af:sf]6fn] lhNnf sld6Ldf rog ePsf g]tfx?nfO{ ;ky u/fO{g] atfpg' eof] . OGrfh{ af:sf]6fsf cg';f/ b'a} tkm{af6 5gf}6df k/]sf g]tfx?sf] ;ky zlgaf/ to ul/Psf] 5 . lhNnf cWoIf ?s' rf}nfufO{n] ;fljs g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf ^% / g]skf Pdfn]sf ^# hgfnfO{ ;ky u/fpg] u/L k|b]zaf6 lhNnf sld6L ;b:ox?sf] gfdfjnL l:js[t ePsf] atfpg' eof] .

g]skf Pdfn]n] yKg kfpg] !% hgf ;b:ox?sf] gfddf ;xdlt x'g g;Sbf nfdf] ;do b]lv ;ky x'g ;s]sf] lyPg . dfcf]jfbL tkm{ @ hgf yk ug{ kfpg] eP klg ;xdlt gePsf sf/0f ^% hgfnfO{ dfq ;ky u/fpg nfluPsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL tkm{af6 ^% / g]skf Pdfn] tkm{af6 &* hgfsf] lhNnf sld6L agfpg] u/L k|b]zn] dfkb08 agfPsf] lyof] . yk ug{ kfpg] ;b:ox? ;ky kl5 ylkg] g]tfx?n] atfPsf 5g\ . lhNnf ;lrj 6fs ] axfb/' jfOj{fsf cg;'f/ ;fljs gs ] kf Pdfna]f6 l;kmfl/; ul/Psf &* dWo] clwaz ] gaf6 lgjfl{rt ePsf ^# hgfsf] dfq} ;ky xg'5] . l;kmfl/; ks | o[fsf af/d]f ;xdlt xg' g;Sbf lgjfl{rt lhNnf sld6L ;b:ox?nfO{ dfq} ;ky u/fpg nfluPsf] ;lrj jfOj{fn] atfpg' eof] .

tLg jif{ leq} /fhdfu{ :t/fG]gtL ag]kf÷lhNnfaf6 lgjf{lrt dGqL uf]s'nk|;fb af:sf]6fsf] kxndf l5d]sL b]z rLgsf /fi6«klt ;L rLglkmª;Fusf] ;Demf}tfdf lhNnfsf] dxTjk'0f{ dflgPsf] c/lgsf] /fhdfu{ :t/f]GgtL ug{] ;dembf/L ePsf] 5 . cfufdL tLg jif{ leq pQm /fhdfu{sf] :t/f]GgtL sfo{ ;lsg]5 . pQm ;dembf/Ln] lhNnfsf] ljsf;df gofF cfofd ylkg]5 . dGqL af:sf]6fn] lhNnfdf em08} !# ca{ a/fa/sf of]hgfx? sfof{Gjogsf nflu ah]6 Aoj:yfkg ul/;s]sf 5g\ . dGqL af:sf]6fn] lgjf{rg x'g' cufj} c/lgsf] /fhdfu{ :t/f]GgtLsf] k|:tfj tof/ u/L ;DjlGwt lgsfodf k'¥ofPsf lyP . t/ klg ;8s :t/f]GgtLsf] sfo{n] lta|tf kfpg ;s]sf] lyPg . w'lnv]n;Ddsf] ;8snfO{ ^

n]gsf] agfpg] o; cl3sf] ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog gx'Fb} /fi6«klt ;L;Fu ePsf @) j6f ;Demf}tfdf c/lgsf] /fhdfu{ :t/f]GgtLsf nflu ePsf] ;Demf}tf dGqL af:sf]6fs} sf/0f k/]sf] xf] . ;Ldf Joj:yfkg k|0ffnL, ;'zf;g ;xof]udf Ifdtf clea[l4, cfk/flws dfldnfdf cfk;L sfg' g L ;xof] u , ;u/dfyf–rf]df]nf]ªdf ;+/If0f, nufgL ;xof]u / ;xof]u kl/of]hgf k|j4{g, r]ªb'df g]kfnsf] jfl0fHo b"tfjf;, ef}lts k"jf{wf/ dGqfno / oftfoft rLgsf] oftfoft dGqfnoaLr g]kfn / rLgaLr ;Ldfkf/ /]nj]sf] lkmlhlaln6L :68L, g]kfnsf] sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf / rLgsf] gfglhª ;x/aLr elugL–;x/ ;DaGw :yfkgf, a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsf / l;ofg ;x/aLr elugL–;x/ ;DaGw :yfkgf, g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jf:Yo / hg;+Vof dGqfno / rLgsf] k/Dk/fut lrlgofF cf}ifwL /fli6«o k|zf;gaLr k/Dk/fut afFsL @ k]hdf

@

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

;DkfbsLo== = = = = = = = = = =

pknAwLd"ns e|d0f @# jif{kl5 l5d]sL /fi6« zlQmzfnL d'n's rLgsf /fi6«klt ;L rLglkmªsf] b'O{lbg] g]kfn e|d0f pknAwL d'ns ePsf] 5. g]kfn / g]kfnLx?nfO{ cfzf hufpg] dxTjk"0f{ e|d0fsf pknAwLx?nfO{ b'j} b]zn] OdfGbf/Lk"j{s sfof{Gjog ug{' h?/L 5. ;/sf/;Fu ePsf ;Demf}tfx? sfof{Gjog Pp6f kf6f] xf] eg] kf6L{sf g]tfx?;Fu ePsf jfg 6' jfg jftf{ / ;fd"lxs e]63f6sf qmddf ePsf ;Demf}tf tyf dxTjk"0f{ ljifonfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{' h?/L 5. ;/sf/ kf6L{n] lgb{]lzt u5{. kf6L{sf g]tfx? cg'zfl;t x'g'k5{. kf6L{n] agfPsf] gLlt cg';f/ d'n'ssf] efUo /]vf sf]g{ ;Sg] Ifdtf ePsf] g]t[Tj cfjZos 5. g]kfndf ljZjf; ug{ ;lsg] :yfoL sDo'lgi6sf] ;/sf/ 5. Tolx b]v]/ l5d]sL b]z rLgn] g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]kfnsf kf6L{x?nfO{ :yfoLTj, OdfGbfl/tf / cg'zfl;t eP/ hgtfsf] dg lhTg ;'emfj lbPsf 5g\. /fi6«klt ;L rLglkmªn] g]kfnnfO{ e'kl/j]li7taf6 e'hl8t agfpg ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] atfPsf 5g\. o;sf] cy{ dxTjk"0f{ 5. kx'Fr gePsf] d'n'sn] ljZj xNnfpg] d'n's;Fu k|fKt ug{] y'k|} ljifo dWo] oL dxTjk"0f{ x'g\. k|s[ltn] g]kfnnfO{ lbPsf cg]s ;sf/fTds tTjsf aLrdf e"kl/j]li7t x'g'sf] ;Ldfn] g]kfnsf] /fli6«o rl/qdf ef/t;Fu Psfb]zLo lge{/tf ufFl;lbPsf] lyof]. g]kfnsf] /fli6«o dgf]lj1fgnfO{ klg e"kl/j]li7t x'g'sf] kL8fn] k|efljt ul/ g} /x]sf] 5. g]kfnL gful/ssf] ;f]Rg] tl/sf, cfGtl/s /fhgLlt / ljb]z gLltnfO{ v'DRofO{ lbPsf] lyof]. tLg lt/af6 g]kfnnfO{ 3]g]{ ef/tdfly klg o;n] g]kfnsf nflu s]xL ul/lbO/xg' kg]{ lg/Gt/sf] bjfa k}bf u/]sf] lyof]. ef/tn] g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns afWotfaf6 kmfObf lng klg vf]lh/x]s} x'G5. g]kfnsf nflu :jtGq ef}uf]lns kx'Frsf] gofF j}slNks dfu{ :yflkt ePkl5 ef/t;lxt ;a} d'n's;Fu ;Ddfghgs / ldq\jt\ ;DaGwsf] gofF cfwf/zLnf tof/ ePsf] 5.;g\ @)!^ df k|wfgdGqL cf]nLsf] rLg e|d0fkl5 e"uf]nsf] aGwgaf6 g]kfnsf] pGd'lQmsf] ;do glhlsF+b} cfPsf] cfefif ePsf] xf] . ;Lsf] e|d0fn] Tof] cfefif yk anzfnL agfPsf] 5. e"kl/j]li7t e"uf]naf6 d'Qm x'g] g]kfnL ;kgfnfO{ ;3fpg] k|lta4tf;lxt g]kfn ca e"–hl8t x'g] ;Lsf] 3f]if0ff g} e|d0fsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] pknlAw xf]. ;+o'Qm jQmJodf pNn]v ePsf ljsf; kl/of]hgfx¿ oxL a[xQ/ …ld;gÚnfO{ ;3fpg s]lGb|t 5g\. rLg, ef/t jf cGo ldq/fi6«sf] ;xof]u g]kfnsf] ljsf;sf nflu bf];|f] ljifodfq xf]. g]kfnL gful/ssf] cfˆg} ldlxg]t / ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj s'zntf ljsf;sf] klxnf] / clGtd ;t{ xf]. g]kfnLn] hlt d]xgt u5{g\ To;n] d'n's agfpg ;S5g\ eGg] ljZjf; klg cGo d'n'sdf k/]sf] 5. g]kfnLx?sf] Ifdtf cg';f/ d'n's lgdf{0fdf cu|;/ x'g] a]nf cfPsf] 5. l5d]sL ;xof]unfO{ e/k"/ pkof]u u/L d'n's ;d[4 agfpg] cleofgdf of] e|d0f cem} dxTjk"0f{ ePsf] 5.

;'grfFbLsf] ;fKtflxs ahf/ efp ;'g k|lt !) u|f= ;'g k|lt tf]nf rfFbL k|lt !) u|f= rfFbL k|lt tf]nf

ldlt

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60785/60785/60785/60100/60015/60615/60530/-

70900/70900/70900/71150/70001/70701/70602/-

729/729/729/724/50 724/50 737/50 729/-

850/850/850/845/845/860/850/-

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ho >L r08L Hj]n;{ s?0ffdfu{ $#, ag]kf * ho]Gb| zfSo -(*$!@)%!&^, )!!^^!&^)_

lxdfno jf/kf/ ax'–cfoflds s]¿ª–sf7df8f+}–n'lDagL /]n g]kfnLsf] ck]Iff sg]lS6le6L ;~hfn

lrlgof“ /fi6«klt ;L lhglkª æg] k fndf ;of} + km" n x? km'n]sf 5g\ . d}n] ev{/} lrlgofF efiffdf n]lvPsf] gd:t] eg]sf] 5', Tolt /fd|f] 5}g xf]nf . ;DdfggLo /fi6«klt ljBfb]jL e08f/LHo"sf] xflb{s lgdGq0ffdf d g]kfndf cfPsf] 5' . of] d]/f] sflGtk'/, sf7df8f}+sf] klxnf] e|d0f xf] . oxfF d}n] k'/fgf tyf gofF ;fyLx?;Fu e]6]+ . g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts :yfloTj, ;fdflhs ;befj / hgtfsf] ;'vL hLjg b]Vbf d cToGt} xlif{t ePsf] 5' . eljZok|lt d]/f cfzfx? hfu]sf 5g\ . dnfO{ cfzf 5, b'O{ b]zn] cem 3lgi7 /fhgLlts ;DaGw /fVg]5g\ . a9LeGbf a9L gfsfx? vf]nL lxdfno jf/kf/ ax'cfoflds sg]lS6eL6L ;~hfnsf] lgdf{0f ug]{5f}+ . /, g]kfnsf] e"kl/j]li7t b]zaf6 e"hl8t b]z aGg] ;kgf ;fsf/ t'Nofpg d2t ug]{5f}+ . rLg / g]kfnjLr bf}To ;DaGw ePsf] cfwf ztfAbLeGbf a9Lsf] cjlwdf b'O{ b]zn] l5d]sL d'n'sx?jLrsf] d}qLk"0f{ ;DaGwsf] ljifd gd"gf k]z u/]sf 5g\ . d}n] /fi6«kltHo"nfO{ s] eGg vf]h]sf] x'F eg] rLg / g]kfnsf] jLrdf s]xL ;d:of 5}g, ldqtf dfq 5 . ;DdfgLo /fi6«klt ljBfb]jL e08f/L / d}n] åLkIfLo r'gf}tL / sl7gfO{ ;fdgf ub}{ ;femf lxt x'g] ;xsfo{ u/]/ ljsf; / ;d[l4tkm{ pGd'v x'g] k':tf}+ k':tfsf] /0fgLlts ;fem]bf/ ;DaGw :yflkt ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf 5f}+ . dnfO{ cfzf 5, b'O{ b]zjLr cem ;'ljwfhgs ;DaGw lgdf{0f x'g]5 . xfdLn] rLg-g]kfn ;Ldfkf/ /]ndfu{sf] ;DefJotf cWoog ;'? ug] { 5 f} + . c/lgsf] /fhdfu{ s f] ;~rfngnfO{ ;'lglZrt agfO{ To;nfO{ ljleGg r/0fdf :t/f]Gglt ug]{5f}+ . s] ? ªb] l v sf7df8f} + ; Ddsf] ;' ? ª dfu{sf] kl/of]hgfnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg xfdL ;lqmo x'g]5f}+ . a9LeGbf a9L gfsfx? vf] n L lxdfno jf/kf/ ax'cfoflds sg]lS6eL6L ;~hfnsf] lgdf{0f ug]{5f}+ . /, g]kfnsf] e"kl/j]li7t b]zaf6 e"hl8t b]z aGg] ;kgf ;fsf/ t'Nofpg d2t ug]{5f}+ . dnfO{ cfzf 5, b'O{ b]zsf hgtfjLrsf] ;dembf/L a9\ g ] 5 . e"sDkkZrftsf] k'glg{df{0f kl/of]hgfx?nfO{ xfdLn] ;lqmotfsf ;fy cufl8 a9fpFb}5f}+ . ;g\ @)@) g]kfn e|d0f jif{sf] cjlwdf xfdL a9LeGbf a9L lrlgofF ko{6sx?nfO{ g]kfn cfpg pTk|]l/t ug]{5f}+ . xfdL lzIff tyf ;f+:s[lts If]qsf sfo{x?df nufgL a9fP/ hgtfjLrsf] ;dembf/L a9fpg]5f}+ . b'O{ b]zsf a9LeGbf a9L zx/x?nfO{ elugL zx/sf ?kdf k|:tfj ug{ klg pTk]|l/t ug]{5f}+ . h;af6 b'O{

;"rgf afnaflnsf x/fPdf, a]jfl/;] cj:yfdf km]nf k/]df jf ckx/0fdf k/]df afnaflnsf vf]htnf; ;dGjo s]Gb|sf] k};f gnfUg] kmf]g g+= !)$ df va/ u/f}+ . g]kfn ;/sf/

jif{ @% c+s $( @)&^ c;f]h #) ut] ljxLjf/

;+rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqfno ;"rgf tyf k|;f/0f ljefu

b]zjLrsf] ldqtfsf] aLh c+s'/0f xf]cf];\ eGg] rfxG5f}+ . ev{/} /fi6«kltHo"n] pNn]v ug{'eof], n'lDagL a'4sf] hGd:yn xf] . rLgdf a'4 wd{ dfGg] dfG5]x?sf] ;+Vof ;+;f/df ;a}eGbf a9L 5 . g]kfndf h:t} a'4 wd{ clxn] rLgdf klg :yfgLo wd{ ag]sf] 5 . d]/f] ljrf/df cfufdL lbgdf a9LeGbf a9L a'4 wd{ dfGg] lrlgofF dfG5]x? g]kfndf ko{6g ug]{5g\ / wd{sf] cfbfg-k|bfgsf nflu klg cfpg]5g\ . dnfO{ cfzf 5, b'O{ b]zn] cem ax'kIfLo ;xsfo{ ug]{5g\ . jt{ d fg cj:yfdf fn,

/fi6«klt ljBfb]jL e08f/L dxfdlxdHo",

lgs6 l5d]sL ldq/fi6« hgjfbL u0ftGq rLgsf /fi6«klt dxfdlxd ;L lrglkmª tyf lrlgofF k|ltlglwd08nsf ljlzi6 ;b:ox?nfO{ o; /fhsLo ef]hdf Gofgf] :jfut ug{ kfpbFf dnfO{ cToGt v'zL nfu]sf] 5 . of] Pp6f ;'vb ;+of]u g} xf], dxfdlxd /fi6«kltHo"sf] /fhsLo e|d0f hgjfbL u0ftGq rLg :yfkgfsf] &)cf}F jif{ufF7sf] z'ecj;/df eO/x]sf] 5 . o; cj;/df d dxfdlxd /fi6«kltHo" / lrlgofF k|ltlglwd08nsf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox? Pj+ ;a} lrlgofF ldqx?nfO{ xflb{s awfO{ tyf z'esfdgf 1fkg ug{ rfxG5' . ;fy} ztfAbLsf b'O{ dxfg\ nIo k|fKt ug{ ldq/fi6« rLgnfO{ k"0f{

cfhsf] ljrf/ cfTd/Iffjfb, PsTjjfb / k|e'Tjjfb w]/} JofKt 5 . xfdLn] ax'njfb / cfly{s pbf/Ls/0fnfO{ ;dy{g ug{'k5{ . hnjfo' kl/jt{gk|lt g]kfnL kIfsf] ljz]if rf;f]nfO{ lrlgofF kIfn] /fd|/L a'em]sf] 5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL k|ltj4tfx?df g]kfn kIfsf] pko'Qm dfunfO{ xfdL klg ;dy{g ub{5f}+ . g]kfnL kIfsf ;fy xfdL hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] ;Djf]wg k|lqmofnfO{ w]/} kIfaf6 cufl8 a9fO{ xfd|f] xfd|f] ;femf, ljz]if u/L lxdfn, ;u/dfyfsf] /Iff ug{ ;bf tTk/ /xg]5f}+ . dnfO{ w]/} v'zL nfu]sf] 5, ;a} g]kfnL g]tfx?;Fu xfdLn] dt]So xfl;n u/]sf 5f}+ . o;k6ssf] e|d0fsf qmddf d}n] g]kfnL g]tfx?;Fu ldn]/ rLg / g]kfnjLrsf] ;DaGwsf gofF vfsf / of]hgfx? agfpg ;s]sf]df d cToGt} v'zL 5' . ef]ln d k|wfgdGqL s]kL zdf{ cf]nL;Fu klg b'O{kIfLo ;DaGw / xfd|f] ;femf rf;f] s f af/] d f ljrf/sf] cfbfg–k|bfg ug]{5' . d k|foM eGg] ub{5', xfdLn] agfPsf of]hgfx?nfO{ k"/f u/]/} 5f]8f}+ . xfdLn] rLgdf klg o:t} u/]sf 5f}+ . ev{/ xfdLn] hgjfbL u0ftGq rLgsf] :yfkgf ePsf] &) jif{ agfPsf 5f}+ . xfd|f] p2]Zo 5, b'O{ ztjflifsL{sf b'O{ nIf . o;sf] klxnf] nIf xfdL cfufdL jif{df ;fsf/ t'Nofpg] 5f}+ . bf];|f] nIf rflxF #) jif{kl5 . t/, xfd|f] sfd ug]{ dfu{ :ki6 5, To;nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{'k5{ . xfdL ;+ o ' Q m k| o f;åf/f åLkIfLo ;DaGwsf] gofF eljZo klg lgdf{0f u/f}+ . ca d pkl:yt ;a}sf ;fd' k|:tfj ug{ rfxG5' . g]kfnsf] ;dl4 ;'vL hLjgsf nflu, rLg / g]kfnjLrsf] k':tf}+k':tfsf] ldqtfsf nflu, /fi6«klt ljBfb]jL e08f/L nufot oxfF pkl:yt ;a}sf] ;':jf:Yosf nflu lro;{ .

-lrlgofF /fi6«klt ;L lhglkªåf/f AoQm dGtAo ._

tLg jif{ =============== cf}ifwLdf ;xsfo{, g]kfnsf] u[xdGqfno / rLgsf] ljkb Joj:yfkg dGqfnoaLr k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / cfktsfnLg p4f/df ;xsfo{, g]kfn l:yt dxfGofofwLjQmfsf] sfof{no / hgtfsf] ;jf]{Rr cbftnaLr ;xsfo{ nufotsf ;dembf/L ePsf 5g\ .

To:t} g]kfnl:yt lqe'jg ljZjljBfno / rLgsf] sGˆo'l;o; OlG:6Ro" 6 x] 8 Sjf6{ / aLr lqe' j g ljZjljBfnodf sGˆo'l;o; OlG:6Ro"6 :yfkgf ug]{, g]kfnsf] s[lif dGqfno / rLgsf] ;fdfGo k|zf;gcGtu{tsf] s/ sfof{noaLr ;fO{6 kmnx? lgof{t ug]{, g]kfnsf] pBf]u, jfl0fHo / cfk'tL{ dGqfno / rLgsf] jfl0fHo dGqfnoaLr Jofkf/sf ljifodf ;+o'Qm sfo{bn :yfkgf ug]{, rLgsf] ;xof]udf e"sDk lgu/fgL g]6js{ k|f]h]S6 :jLsf/, g]kfnsf] cy{dGqfno / rLgsf] jfl0fHo dGqfnoaLr nufgL ;xsfo{, g] k fnsf] cy{ d Gqfno / rLgsf] cGt/fl{\i6«o ljsf; ;xsfo{ lgof]uaLr ;'?ª lgdf{0fdf ;xsfo{, ;Ldf ;'/Iff pks/0f / sfof{no pks/0fsf ljifodf kq cfbfgk|bfg / sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf rLgsf] ;xof]udf kfgL cfk'tL{ ;'wf/ k|f]h]S6sf] lkmhLlaln6L cWoog ug{] nufotsf ;xdlt ePsf 5g\ . ;8s ;~hfn cGt{ u t c/lgsf] /fhdfu{ s f] :t/f] G gtL / /;'jfu9L–5x/]–sf7df8f}+ 6g]n Ph]08fdf lyP . g]kfnnfO{ rLg;Fu hf]8\g] c/lgsf] /fhdfu{ @)&@ ;fn a}zfv !@ df uPsf] e"sDksf sf/0f Ifltu|:t ePsf] lyof] .

;kmntf ldnf];\ eGg] xfd|f] z'esfdgf 5 . dxfdlxdsf] ;Ifd g]t[Tjdf rLgn] o'ufGtsf/L kxnx? cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 . k|ultzLn ;'wf/ of]hgf, e|i6frf/lj/f]wL cleofg tyf ;'zf;gsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog dxfdlxdsf] /fli6«o k'ghf{u/0f;lxtsf] lrlgofF ;kgfsf dxTjk"0f{ cfofdx? x'g\ . ljZjsf !%) eGbf a9L /fi6«x? tyf bh{gf}F ;‹;+:yfx? a]N6 P08 /f]8 Olgl;Pl6esf] kIf ag]sf 5g\ . gofF o'usf nflu lrlgofF ljz]iftf;lxtsf] ;dfhjfbdf ;L lrglkmª ljrf/wf/f hgtf s]lG›t ljsf;sf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ bz{g ag]sf] 5 . rLgsf] ljsf;df lrlgofF g]tfsf] ;Ifd / b"/bzL{ g]t[Tj Pj+ kl/>dL lrlgofF hgtfsf] ;fy dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 eGg] dnfO{ nfu]sf] 5 . dxfdlxdHo", ut clk|ndf d}n] u/]sf] rLgsf] /fhsLo e|d0fsf] ;Demgf dnfO{ tfh} 5 . dxfdlxdsf] ;'Gb/ u[xgu/ tyf /]zddfu{sf] pb\ud:yn l;ofg zx/af6 z'? ePsf] d]/f] e|d0f cjlwe/ dk|lt bzf{OPsf] Gofgf] :jfut / cfltYotfsf nflu d s[t1 5' . pQm e|d0fsf cj;/df dxfdlxd;Fu ePsf e]6jftf{af6 g]kfn–rLg ;DaGwnfO{ yk pmhf{ k|bfg ug{ d2t k'u]sf] d}n] ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' . e|d0fsf cj;/df x:tfIf/ ePsf dxTjk"0f{ b:tfj]hdWo] kf/jxg tyf otfoft ;Demf}tfsf] k|f]6f]snn] rLgsf tLg j6f e"aGb/ufx tyf rf/ j6f ;fd'l›s aGb/ufx;Dd g]kfnsf] kx'Fr :yflkt u/]sf] 5 . cGt/fl{\i6«o ;xof]usf nflu bf];|f] a]N6 P08 /f]8 kmf]/ddf d]/f] ;xeflutf tyf ;Daf]wgn] g]kfnsf] ljsf;sf] cfsfÍ\iffnfO{ d'vl/t ug{ d2t k'u]sf] d}n] 7fg]sf] 5' . pQm kmf]/dsf] ln8;{ /fp08 6]ansf] ;dfkgdf hf/L ePsf] ;+o'Qm lj1lKtdf g]kfn–rLg, lxdfno jf/kf/ ax'kIfLo sg]lS6le6L ;~hfn tyf g]kfn rLg ;Ldfkf/ /]ndfu{ ;dfj]z ePsf 5g\ . o;af6 e"kl/j]li7t g]kfnsf nflu rLg;Fusf] sg]lS6le6L ;~hfn lj:tf/df 7"nf] d2t k'Ug]5 . o; ;Gbe{df d ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL s]kL zdf{ cf]nLåf/f ;g\ @)!^ / @)!* df ;DkGg rLgsf] e|d0fn] låkIfLo ;DaGwnfO{ gofF lbzf lbg k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfgsf] :d/0f ub{5' . dxfdlxdHo", gk]fn / hgjfbL u0ftGq rLg lxdfn tyf gbLx?åf/f hfl]8Psf 5g\ . xfdLaLr zlbofbF}l]v ;fdflhs, ;f:+sl[ts ;Dks{ /lxcfPsf] 5 . lrlgofF leIf' kmf l;ofg / x' ofg ;fª tyf gk]fnL leIf' a4 ' e›, /fhsd'f/L es [ 6'L / snfsf/ c/lgsfn ] ] hg:t/sf] ;DaGw Pj+ bO'{ bz ] aLrsf] ;f:+sl[ts ;DaGwnfO{ ;d4 [ agfpg 7n " f] ofu]bfg lbPsf 5g\ . kf/:kl/s ljZjf;, ;Ddfg / lxtdf cfwfl/t xfdf|] ;DaGw 3lgi7, dhat' tyf ;d:of/lxt 5 . xfdf|] ;DaGw ;fu/ h:t} ulx/f] /

;u/dfyf h:t} pr F f] 5 . k~rzLndf cfwfl/t xfdLaLrsf] Gofgf] ;DaGwnfO{ yk prfOdf nh } fg] kz | :t ;Defjgfx? 5g\ . dxfdlxdHo", g] k fnsf] n' l DagL uf} t da' 4 sf] hGd:yn dfq geP/ af}4bz{gsf] pb\ud:yn klg xf] . a'4sf zfZjt pkb]zx?n] dfgj hfltnfO{ zflGt, ;lxi0f'tf / ;x–cl:tTjsf] dfu{bz{g u/]sf 5g\ . t;y{ n'lDagLnfO{ ljZjzflGtsf] s]G› agfpg] xfd|f] k|of;df ldq/fi6« rLgsf] dxTjk"0f{ ;xof]usf] ck]Iff u/]sf 5f}F . rLgn] ;b}j g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhgLlts :jtGqtfsf] ;Ddfg ugf{sf ;fy} g]kfnL hgtfn] 5gf]6 u/]sf] ljsf;sf] kynfO{ ;dy{g ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . g]kfn Ps rLg gLltk|lt k"0f{ k|lta4 5 . g]kfnL e"ld rLgsf] lxtlj?4 x'g] s'g} klg k|sf/sf ultljlwx?sf nflu k|of]u x'g glbg] xfd|f] k|lta4tfnfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{ xfdLn] ;a} k|sf/sf 7f]; pkfox? cjnDag ub}{ cfPsf 5f}F . ;Ldfjf/kf/ sg]lS6le6Lsf nflu k"jf{wf/ ;'wf/ ug{'kg]{ s'/fdf xfdLn] hf]8 lbFb} cfPsf 5f}F . g]kfnL hgtfn] s]?ªb]lv sf7df8f}F x'Fb} n'lDagL;Dd /]ndfu{n] hf]l8Psf] x]g{ rfx]sf 5g\ . /]Nj] If]qdf rLgn] xfl;n u/]sf] cTofw'lgs k|ljlw / rLg;Fu pknAw ;|f]t;fwgsf] kl/k|]Iodf g]kfnLx?sf] of] rfxgf l5§} k"/f x'g]5 eGg] xfd|f] ljZjf; 5 . dxfdlxdHo", dxfdlxd;F u o;cl3 ePsf] 5nkmnaf6 clek|]l/t x'Fb} ;d[4 g]kfn, ;'vL g]kfnLsf] /fli6«o cfsfÍ\iffnfO{ k"/f ug{sf nflu ldq/fi6« rLg;Fusf] ;xsfo{nfO{ xfdLn] pRr k|fyldstfsf ;fy /fv]sf 5fF} . xfdLn] hlt;Sbf] rfF8f] cltsdljsl;t d'n'saf6 :t/f]Ggt x'Fb} ;g\ @)#) ;Ddsf nflu dWod cfo ePsf d'n'ssf ?kdf kl/0ft x'g] p2]Zo /fv]sf 5f}F . o; p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu xfd|f] cfGtl/s ;|f]t, ;fwg kof{Kt gx'g] x'Fbf xfdLnfO{ j}b]lzs nufgLsf] vfFrf] 5 . xfdL lrlgofF nufgLstf{nfO{ pTkfbgzLn If]q, k"jf{wf/ tyf hn;|f]t ljsf;nufot ;fdflhs If]qdf nufgL ug{ cfXjfg ub{5f}F . ;/sf/n] nufgLsf] k"0f{ ;'/Iff ug]{5 . e"sDkkZrfTsf] k'gMlgdf{0fdf rLgn] k'¥ofPsf] pbf/ ;xof]usf] xfdL pRr k|z+;f ub{5f}F . o;}u/L g]kfn e|d0f jif{ @)@) nfO{ ;kmn kfg{ rLg ;/sf/sf] ;xof]usf] ck]Iff u/]sf 5f}F . hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf sf/0f xfd|f] kj{tLo kof{j/0f / cy{tGq ;+j]bgzLn ag]sf] 5 . t;y{ kj{tLo kof{j/0f ;+/If0f ub}{ cy{tGqnfO{ alnof] agfpg cGt/fl{\i6«o k|of; s]G›Ls[t ug]{ p2]Zon] cfufdL jif{ clk|n dxLgfdf sf7df8f}Fdf ;u/dfyf ;+jfbsf] cfof]hgf ug]{ tof/L ul//x]sf 5f}F . ;f] sfo{qmddf rLg ;/sf/sf pRr txaf6 k|ltlglwTj x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . dxfdlxdHo", zflGt, :yfloTj / ljsf;sf nflu ax'kIfLo Pj+ cGt//fli6«o d~rx?df g]kfn / rLg;Fu} pleFb} cfPsf 5g\ . ;femf rf;f]sf If]qLo ;jfnx?df xfd|f] ;xsfo{ hf/L 5 . ljlwdf cfwfl/t ljZj Joj:yfn] r'gf}tL a]xf]g{'k/]sf] jt{dfg cj:yfdf ljsf;f]Gd'v /fi6«x?sf] P]Soa4tf / ;xsfo{ ckl/xfo{ 5 . zflGtk"0f{, Gofof]lrt tyf ;dfj]zL ljZj Joj:yf lgdf{0fsf nflu rLgn] lgjf{x ub}{ cfPsf] ;sf/fTds e"ldsfsf] xfdL k|z+;f ub{5fF} . dxfdlxdHo", e"uf]nn] g]kfn / rLgnfO{ lgs6 l5d]sL agfPsf] 5 . Oltxf;, ;+:s[lt / hg:t/sf] ;DaGwn] xfdLnfO{ 3lgi7 ldq agfPsf] 5 . Jofkf/, nufgL tyf cfly{s cGt/lge{/tfn] xfdLnfO{ ;femf eljiosf nflu ;xsfo{ ug]{ alnof] ;fem]bf/ agfPsf] 5 . b'j} b]z / hgtfsf] lxtdf x'g] u/L ldq/fi6« rLg;Fusf] ;du| ;DaGwnfO{ gofF prfOdf n}hfg / yk ult lbg xfdL k|lta4 5f}F . log} zAbx?sf ;fy d dxfdlxdsf] ;':jf:Yo / v'zLsf nflu, g]kfn / rLgaLr alnof] ldqtfsf nflu, g]kfn tyf hgjfbL u0ftGq rLgsf hgtfsf] cgGt zflGt / ;d[l4sf nflu 6f]i6 k|:tfj ug{ rfxG5' / pkl:yt ;Dk"0f{ ljlzi6 cltlyx?nfO{ o;df ;l/s x'g cfXjfg ub{5' . g]kfn–rLg ldqtf cd/ /xf];\ . w]/} w]/} wGojfb .

rLg / g]kfn b'O{ l5d]sL b]]zaLr lrlgofF /fi6«klt dxfdlxd ;L lhlGkªsf] /fhsLo g]kfn e|d0fsf] qmddf @)&^ c;f]h @^ ut] ;DkGg ;+lGw, ;+emf}tf / ;dembf/Lsf a'Fbfx¿M != ;Ldf Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLaf/]df ;dembf/L . @= ;'zf;g ;xof]udf Ifdtf clea[l4 ;DaGwL ;xof]usf] cfbfgk|bfgdf ;dembf/L . #= cfk/flws dfldnfdf cfk;L sfg'gL ;xof]u ;DaGwL ;lGw . $= ;u/dfyf-rf]df]nf]Ëdf ;+/If0f ;xof]udf ;demfbf/L . %=nufgL ;xof]u / ;xof]u kl/of]hgf k|j4{g ;DaGwL Ifdtf clea[l4sf nflu of]hgf cfof]u / rLgsf] /fli6«o ljsf; / ;'wf/ cfof]uaLr ;xof]u . ^=r]Ëb'df g]kfnsf] jfl0fHo b"tfjf; vf]Ng] ;DaGwL kqsf] cfbfgk|bfg . &= ef}lts k"jf{wf/ dGqfno / oftfoft rLgsf] oftfoft dGqfnoaLr g]kfn / rLgaLr ;Ldfkf/ /]nj]sf] lkmlhlaln6L :68Lsf] af/]df ;dembf/L . *= g]kfnsf] sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf / rLgsf] gfglhª ;x/aLr elugL–;x/ ;DaGw :yfkgf ug]{ ;xdlt . (= a'6j6 pkdxfgu/kflnsf / l;ofg ;x/aLr elugL–;x/ ;DaGw :yfkgf ug]{ ;xdlt . !)= g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jf:Yo / hg;+Vof dGqfno / rLgsf] k/Dk/fut lrlgofF cf}ifwL /fli6«o k|zf;gaLr k/Dk/fut cf}ifwLdf ;xsfo{ ;dembf/L . !!= g]kfnsf] u[xdGqfno / rLgsf] ljkb Joj:yfkg dGqfnoaLr k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / cfktsfnLg p4f/sf ljifodf ;xsfo{ ug]{ ;dembf/L . !@= g]kfnl:yt dxfGofofwLjQmfsf] sfof{no / hgtfsf] ;jf]{Rr cbftnaLr ;xsfo{ ug]{ ;dembf/L . !#= g]kfnl:yt lqe'jg ljZjljBfno / rLgsf] sGˆo'l;o; OlG:6Ro"6 x]8Sjf6{/aLr lqe'jg ljZjljBfnodf sGˆo'l;o; OlG:6Ro"6 :yfkgf ug]{ ;xdlt . !$= g]kfnsf] s[lif dGqfno / rLgsf] ;fdfGo k|zf;gcGtu{tsf] s/ sfof{noaLr ;fO{6 kmnx? lgof{t ug]{ . !%= g]kfnsf] pBf]u, jfl0fHo / cfk'tL{ dGqfno / rLgsf] jfl0fHo dGqfnoaLr Jofkf/sf ljifodf ;+o'Qm sfo{bn :yfkgf ug]{ ;dembf/L . !^= rLgsf] ;xof]udf e"sDk lgu/fgL g]6js{ k|f]h]S6 :jLsf/ ug]{ . !&=g]kfnsf] cy{dGqfno / rLgsf] jfl0fHo dGqfnoaLr nufgL ;xsfo{ sfo{bn u7g ug]{ ;dembf/L . !*= g]kfnsf] cy{dGqfno / rLgsf] cGt/fl{\i6«o ljsf; ;xsfo{ lgof]uaLr ;'?ª lgdf0f{df ;xsfo{ ug]{ ;dembf/L !(= ;Ldf ;'/Iff pks/0f / sfof{no pks/0fsf ljifodf kq cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ / @)= sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf rLgsf] ;xof]udf kfgL cfk'tL{ ;'wf/ k|f]h]S6sf] lkmhLlaln6L cWoogsf nflu a}7ssf] dfOGo'6 .

r]i6f ;fKtflxs r]i6f ;fKtflxs

#

@)&^j}zc;f] ljxLjf/ jif{jif{@$@%c+c+ ss@*$(@)&% fv h@&#)ut]ut]ljxLjf/

h] lbg' x'G5 Tolx kfpg'xG' 5 ;/f]h sfkm\n] a|Dxs'df/ a|Dxs'df/L /fhof]u ;]jf s]Gb| w'lnv]n hGd,afNosfn,cf}krfl/s lzIffM sfe|]sf] h};Lyf]s uflj; j8f gDj/ # xfn d08gb]pk'/ gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ !! df @)$# ;fndf dWod kl/jf/df d]/f] hGd eof] . ;fg}b]lv d]/f] dgdf cfWoflTds ljifosf] s'/f cfpFbf] /x]5 . ljBfnodf g}lts lzIff ljifo lyof] . clxn] sIffdf pQm ljifo 5}g . g}lts lzIffdf Pp6f syf lyof] . Pp6f afnsnfO{ p;sf afa' cfdfn] eujfgsf af/]df atfpg' ePsf] x'G5 . afns eujfgsf af/]df hfGg pT;'stf x'G5 . Pslbg afns 3/af6 b'O{j6f /f]6L lnP/ lg:sG5 . afns /f]6L lnP/ lg:sFbf glbsf] lsgf/df 6f]lnP/ a;]sL a'9Lcfdf b]V5 . p Tolx k'U5 . b'j}hgf e]63f6 kl5 /f]6L afF8]/ vfG5g\ . b'a}nfO{ cfgGbsf] dx;'; x'G5 . # 306f ljtfP/ p 3/df kms{G5 . 3/df afa' cfdf, ;fyLefO{;uF klg p;n] eujfgsf af/]df atfpF5 . eujfgsf] Kof/df ;'v 5 . cfgGb 5 t/ s] ug{' eujfg a'9f] x'g'x'G5 . ptf a'9Lcfdfn] klg 3/df uP/ eGg' x'G5 eujfg ef]nf x'g'x'G5 . eujfg aRrf h:t} x'g'x'G5 . afNosfndf of] syf d}n] k9] kl5 dnfO{ nfUof] eujfg vf]Hg efjgfsf] ulx/fO{df hfg' k5{ . eujfg efjgfdf 5 . d]/f] dgdf eujfg vf]Hg] rfxgf lyof] . Tof] rfxgf k'/f ug{] cleofgdf d}n] lg/Gt/ cfkm\gf cEof;x?nfO{ hf/L /fv]+ . ha d}n] P;Pn;L kf; u/]+ . sDKo'6/ If]qdf d}n] cfkm\gf] hLjgnfO{ cuf8L agfPF .

Tolx qmddf d}n] gkfnL ;]gfdf sfd ug{] cj;/ kfPF . d]/f] rfxgf, efjgf / cj;/ km/s km/s lyof] . eujfg sDKo'6/sf ;a} If]qaf6 vf]Hg] k|of; u/]+ . eujfgn] d}n] ;a} ;f]r]sf s'/fx? k'/f ul/lbg' eof] . d}n] rfx]sf ;a} s'/fx? k'/f x'bF } uP . cWoogdf, /f]huf/df ;a} If]qdf ;kmntf k|fKt u/] kl5 emg} dnfO{ eujfg vf]Hg'kg{] cfjZostf dx;'; eof] . d]/f] Ifdtfn] ;Ddfg kfPsf] 5 . hLjg ;+rfng ug{ k};f klg ldn]sf] 5 . ;a}n] dfof u/]sf 5g\ . d}n] klg dfof u/]s} 5' . t/ klg d]/f] dg zfGt lyPg . ;fyLx?;Fusf] ;+utn] d}n] w]/} s'/f u/]+ . r'/f]6, /S;L, 8fG; af/ ;a} s'/fdf d]/f] ;xefuLtf /x\of] . t/ klg d}n] dgsf] zflGt kfpg ;lsgF . sfd ug{] l;nl;nfdf Psk6s d cf]zf] tkf]jgsf] qf6s of]udf uPF . qf6s of]u l;s]+ . w]/} cfgGb k|fKt eof] . g]kfnL ;]gfsf] hflu/sf] qmddf d b}n]v k'u]+ . ToxfF sfd ubf{ $^ efusf] k|jrg ;'g]+ . ToxfF Ps hgf u'? x'g'x'GYof] ToxfFaf6 klg w]/} s'/f l;s]+ . hflu/ a'6jndf ;?jf eof] . a'6jndf ;?jf ePkl5 d rr{df k'u]+ . rr{df k'u]/ d}n] afO{an cWoog u/]+ . tLg k6s afO{an cWoog u/] kl5 gofF vfnsf] dx;'; eof] . ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] ljsf; eof] .

ToxfFaf6 bfª ;?jf eof] . bfª k'u]kl5 d a|Dxs'df/L /fhof]u ;]jf s]Gb| k'u]+ . hLjgdf ;w} s]lx g s]lx s'/fsf] sdL ePsf] dx;'; eof] . a|Dxs'df/L /fhof]u ;]jf s]Gb|df w]/} ;do nfUof] dnfO{ a'em\g . ToxfF Ps hgf lbbLn] k|jrg lbg' x'GYof] t/ dnfO{ lrQ a'em\b}g lyof] . a'em\g] k|of;df d}n] w]/} k|Zg ub{y]+ . pxfFn] dnfO{ Ps lbg tkfO{ olt w]/} Ifdtf ePsf] AolQmn] ga'em]/ d yf]/} cWoog u/]sf] AolQmnfO{ ;f]w]/ a'em\g' x'G5 < d em;Fu ePF . To;sf] cy{ s] lyof] eg] d}n] klxnf cfkm'nfO{ a'em\g' k5{ . ;f/f k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ cfkm}n] lbg ;Sg'k5{ . k|Zgsf] pQ/ d leq} 5 . sf]lx AolQmn] d]/f] k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbP/ ;Dej 5 / < d}n] Tolx a]nf b]lv cfWoflTds cWoog ug{ yfn]+ . eujfg kfpg g;Sg'sf] k|d'v sf/0f /x]5 xfdL leqsf] Ouf] . To;} qmddf Pp6f sxfgL cWoog ug{] cj;/ ldNof] .

Pshgf lj4fgn] w]/} s'/fsf] cWoog ug{'eof] . ;+;f/sf af/]df pxfFn] w]/} s'/f hfGg' eof] . ;+;f/sf] w]/} s'/f hfg]/ klg d lsg czfGt ePF . pxfFsf] dgdf zflGt ePg . zflGt s] xf] < pQ/ lbg ;lsG5 . t/ cfkm} zflGt k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g . pxfF ljåfg 3/af6 lg:sg' eof] / Pshgf u'? e]§fpg' eof] . u'?nfO{ pxfFn] cfkm'n] hfg]sf s'/f eGg'eof] . u'?n] hfg]sf] s'/fsf] lstfa n]v]/ Nofpg eGg'eof] . p;n] ^ jif{ nufP/ ^ j6f lstfa tof/ u5{ / u'?nfO{ b]vfpF5 . u'?n] cfkm\gf] hLjgsf] ;do w]/} gePsfn] ;f/f+zdf Nofpg eGg'x'G5 . ^ dlxgf nufP/ p;n]] Pp6f lstfa tof/ u/]/ NofpF5 . u'?n] Tof] lstfa cWoog ug{] ;do klg gePsf] atfpg' x'G5 . cem} ;f/f+zdf Nofpg cg'/f]w ug{' x'G5 . !% lbg nufP/ p;n] % kfgf tof/ u/]/ NofpF5 . u'?n] cfkm'' a'9f] ePsf] / cfFvf klg gb]Vg] ePsfn] cWoog ug{ g;Sg] atfpFb} km]/L ;f/f+zdf Nofpg eGg'x'G5 . p km]/L 3/df kms{G5 / To;nfO{ ! ;bg nufP/ ;f/f+z agfpFb} ! kfgf tof/ u/]/ NofpF5 . u'?sf] clGtd cj:yf x'G5 . u'?n] km]/L Tof] Ps kfgf klg cWoog ug{ ;do gePsf] atfpg' x'G5 . To;nfO{ klg ;f/ agfP/ Nofpg eGg'x'G5 . p xtfl/b} Tolx csf{] sf]7f leq hfG5 . Pp6f k]k/ lnG5 . ToxfF ;f]R5 . p;n] s]lx kfpFb}g . vfnL k]k/ NofP/ p;n] u'?nfO{ lbG5 . u'?n] p;sf] lz/df xft /fv]/ eGg'x'G5 1fgsf] ;f/ vfnL xf]] . dg'ionfO{ cfkm' leqsf] 1fgsf] cledfg x'G5 p;n] 1fg k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g . ;+;f/sf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] ljåfg lyof} ltdL lxhf];Dd . cfh ltdL 1fgL eof}+ . a'l4dfg x'g' / 1fgL x'g' cnu cnu xf] . 1fgsf] cy{ of] xf]O{g ls ;a} s'/f hfGg' . hfg]sf w]/} 5f}+ t/ b'MvL 5f}+ . hfg]sf] s'/fnfO{ hLjgdf k|of]u u/]sf 5}gf}+ . of] s'/fsf] 1fg ddf cfof] . Tolx s'/fn] dnfO{ eujfg e]6\g] rfxgfn] a|Dxs'df/L /fhof]u ;]jf s]Gb|df k'¥ofof] . d]/f] 3/df cfWoflTds If]qdf hfg] jftfj/0f lyPg . ±@ cWoog ug{ ;j{d+unf pdfljdf cfpg] u/]sf lyof}+ . d b}lgs ;fF9] # df p7\y]+ . p7]/ Ps l5g xfjfdf a:y]+ . 3/sf] h]7f] 5f]/f lyPF . tLg bfh'efO{ lyof}+ xfdL . d}n] ;w}+ k~rfog k'hf ub{y]+ . ;w+} z+v / 306 ahfpg] u/]sf lyof}+ . 306 ahfpFbf cnUu} cfgGb cfpFYof] . xfdL;Fu leqL / aflx/L b'O{j6f cfFvf x'bF f /x]5g\ . cGt/dgsf] cfjfh xfdLn] ;'Gg ;ls/x]sf 5}gf}+ . cfkm\gf] dgnfO{ cfkm}n] a'em\g ;ls/x]sf 5}gf}+ . d}n] s]lx ul//x]sf] 5' dnfO{ yfxf 5}g t/ dnfO{ k'hf ubf{ cfgGb cfpFYof] . l6sf nufP/ sn]h hfg] u/]sf] lyof}+ . x/]s lbg d g'xfpFy]+ . l6sf nufP/ hfFbf d]/f] r]x/fdf rds cfpFYof] . ;a}nfO{ nfUbf] /x]5 d c? eGbf clns km/s lyPF . l6sfn] dnfO{ ;'/Iff lbO{/x]sf] x'g] /x]5 . l6sfdf eujfg a:g' ePsf] 5 . c?nfO{ b'Mv lbg' x'bF }g . c?sf af/]df gsf/fTds s'/f ug{' x'bF }g . :j:yfgL cWoog ug{] u/]sf] lyPF . ToxfF pNn]v ul/Psf dxfb]j, kfj{tL, u0f]zsf af/]df aofg lyof] . eujfgn] klg o:tf] lnnf ug{'x'G5 < ToxfF klg s]lx s'/fsf] sld 5 . klxnf k'hf u0f]zs} x'G5 . d}n] cWoog u/]sf] s'/fdf s]lx sld cfkm}nfO{ nflu/x]sf] lyof] . cWoog u?~h]n dgdf zflGt x'GYof] t/ Aojxf/df To:tf] x'g ;s]g . k'hf ug{] d]/f] lgoldt 8\o'6L lyof] . To;n] klg dnfO{ eujfg;Fu glhs agfPsf] lyof] . knf~rf]s eujtL dlGb/df ;w} hfg] u/]sf lyof}+ . ToxfF k'u]/ eujfgnfO{ dfUy] dnfO{ kf; u/fO{ lbg';\ . d kf; x'Gy] / km]/L hfGy] clg eGy] eujfgnfO{ . b]jL ltd|} sf/0f kf; ePF . d cfef/L 5' . km]/L kf; u/fO{ lbg\';\ clg d cfpF5' . dlGb/df gl/jn nufotsf ;fdfu|Lx? r9fO{GYof] . lsg dnfO{ yfxf lyPg . eujfgn] klg o:tf ;fdfu|L vfg' x'G5 / < !$ jif{sf] aLrdf d}n] o:tf w]/} s'/fx?sf] vf]h u/]+ . a|Dxs'df/L /fhof]u ;]jf s]Gb|df k'u]/ dnfO{ cfgGb k|fKt ePsf] 5 .

8fo/L dgsf] df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf afNosfndf Ps k6s d ef/t ;fyLx?;Fu uPsf] lyPF . /S;f}naf6 6«]g r9]sf lyof}+ . df]ltxf/Ldf plqP/ lbNnL hfg'kg{] /x]5 . xfdL r9]sf] 6«]g sf]nsQf hfg] /x]5 . @$ 306fsf] ;do lyof] . ;do s6fpg d l8Aaf l8Aaf cuf8L uPF . s]lx ;do cfWoflTds ukm u/]/ a:bf 6«]g 5'6]5 . d]/f] ;fydf k};f klg lyPg . emf]nf klg lyPg . d ljrdf plqPF . dgdg} eujfg ;lDemPF . eujfgnfO{ ofb u/]sf] lyPF Tolta]nf d;Fu s;}n] s'/f u/] h:tf] nfUof] . em;Fu ePF . dnfO{ l/S;f ;dfpg' eg]sf] lyof] . uf]/vk'/ k'u]kl5 lbNnLsf] 6«]g kfO{G5 eGg] hfgsf/L lyof] . l/S;fjfnfnfO{ ;a} s'/f eg]+ . p;n] dnfO{ 6\ofS;L;Dd k'¥ofO{ lbof] . 6\ofS;L kfls{Ë cufl88 8/nfUg] AolQm plePsf] /x]5 . p;nfO{ uP/ s]lx egf} h:tf] dgdg} nfUof] . p;nfO{ ;a} s'/f eg]+ . p;n] cfkm\gf] 6\ofS;L af]nfof] . ;+of]u s:tf] eof] eg] 6\ofS;Ljfnf g]kfnL /x]5 . p;n] 6\ofS;Lsf] k};f t lnPg pN6} @ ;o cfO{;L lbof] . Tolx k};fn] vfgf vfPF . l6s6 geO{ 6«]g r9\g kfO{bf] /x]g5 . eujfgnfO{ cfkm\gf] s'/f dgdg} eg]+ . sfl6Psf] l6s6 5'l6;s]sf] lyof] . dgdg} nfUof] . sd{ cg';f/sf] kmn kfO{G5 . >Ldb\efujt klg cWoog u/]sf] lyPF . /fd|f] s'/f ldq' g/fd|f] s'/f cfkm} leqsf] zq' xf] . t/ d h] knf{ eg]/ r9]+ . l6s6 ;f]Wb} cfof] . d}n] 5}g elglbPF . d}n] cfkm' wd{ k|rf/sf nflu lx8]+sf] hfgsf/L u/fPF . d}n] p;nfO{ lbPsf] argn] pN6} p kfgL kfgL eof] . dnfO{ yk @ ;o ?k}ofF lbP/ k7fof] . dnfO{ nfUof] eujfgsf] z/0fdf kbf{ cjZo lrtfPsf] s'/f k'U5 . To;kl5 d}n] lbNnLdf k'u]/ cfkm\gf ;fyLx?nfO{ km]nf kf/]+ .

AolQmnfO{ x]g{] ljltSs} xfdLnfO{ nf]e hfU5 . Tolx aGg] k|of; x'G5 . Tof] x'g ;Sb}g / dfG5] b'MvL aG5 . dfG5] sf]lx;Fu t'ngf ug{} ;lsb}g . cfkm\gf] t'ngf c? s;};Fu gu/f}+ . cfkm' leqsf] u'0f lrGg';\ . cfkm'n] cfkm'nfO{ dxfg agfpg' k5{ . sf/ r9]/ lx8\g] AolQm b]Vb}df cfkm' leqsf] zfGt efjnfO{ czflGt gagfpg';\ . s;};Fu t'ngf u/]/ hLjgnfO{ b'MvL gagfp . ef]ufO{sf] xf] . hLjgnfO{ cfglGbt agfpg';\ . tkfO{nfO{ b]v]/ c? cfglGbt ag'g\ . tkfO{ c?nfO{ h] lbg'x'G5 tkfO{n] Tolx kfpg' x'G5 . k|d ] / ljjfxM ljBfno hLjgdf d]/f] k|]d lyof] . dnfO{ pgL / pgnfO{ d c;fWo} w]/} dg kb{Yof] . pgnfO{ e]6\bf eujfg e]6] h:t} nfUYof] . P;Pn;L kf; eP kl5 cfO{6L OlGhlgo/ aG5' . k};f sdfp5' . 7'nf] / k|ltli7t AolQm aG5' . pgnfO{ ljjfx u5{' . ;'vL hLjg lhpF5' eGg] lyof] . s]lx jif{ pgsf] / d]/f] k|]d eof] . pgsf] kl/jf/sf] cfly{s cj:yf d]/f] kl/jf/sf] eGbf dfyL lyof] . xfdL dWod :t/Lo kl/jf/sf lyof}+ . g]kfnL ;]gfdf hfg'cl3 g} pgsf] / d]/f] k|]d 6'6\g k'Uof] . kl/jf/sf] ;dfg :t/ x'g g;Sbf pgsf] / d]/f] ljjfx x'g ;s]g . ha g]kfnL ;]gfdf d]/f] k|j]z eof] . ta d]/f] efjgf cfWoflTds 1fgtkm{ x'g yfNof] . k|]d eujfg;Fu x'g yfNof] . ;dfhsf] sNof0fsf nflu k|]d x'g yfNof] . Pp6f pbfx/0f 5 . Pp6f ?v kfgLsf] cefjdf ;'s]sf] lyof] . Ps AolQmn]] kftdf kfgL /fVg' eof] t/ ?v xl/of] x'g ;s]g . csf{] AolQmn] Tolx ?vsf] h/fdf kfgL /fVof] / ?v xl/of] eof] . dgdf OR5f eof] eg] k|]dsf] cj:yf cfpF5 . cfGtl/s ?kd} d t[Kt x'g yfn]+ . klxnf yfxf gx'bF f u/]+ . ha d}n] cfkm}n] cfkm}nfO{ lrGg yfn]+ ta d}n] ug{] k|]d km/s /x]5 . klxnfsf ;a} s'/fx? 5f8]+ . v'zL / zflGt cfkm} leq 5 . dg vfnL /fv]/ ha d}n] eujfg vf]h]+ clg dfq kfPF . clxn] d eujfg;Fu k|]d u5{' / zflGt k|fKtL u/]sf] 5' .

Pshgf lzIfsn] ljBfyL{x?nfO{ a]n'g NofP/ gfd n]Vg nufpg' eof] . km'nfP/ Pp6f sf]7fdf /fv]/ aflx/ lg:sg eGg' eof] . %) hgf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ cfkm\gf] gfdsf] a]n'g vf]Hg k7fpg' eof] . % ldg]6sf] ;dodf s;}n] cfkm\gf] gfdsf] a]n'g e]6fpg ;s]gg\ . u'?n] af]nfP/ eGg' eof] ;a}n] Pp6f Pp6f a]n'g Nofpg';\ / h;sf] gfd 5 p;}nfO{ lbg';\ . plgx? b+u k/] . s'/f s] xf] eg] tkfO{ c?sf] v'zLsf nflu sfd ug{';\ tkfO{nfO{ To;} v'zL ldN5 . k|]dsf Ouf] x'G5 . Ouf] ;lxtsf] k|]d AolQmsf]] nflu v'zL xf]O{g b'MvL x'g' xf] .

cfWoflTds 1fgsf] k|efjM hflu/ vfFbf vfFb} d cfWoflTds If]qdf k|j]z u/]+ . !% jif{ sfd u/] kl5 hflu/af6 klg d}n] labf lnPF . kl5Nnf] ;do o'jfx?df b'Ao{;gsf] nt a:g yfn]sf] 5 . clxn] ;Tsf/ 5'6\g yfn]sf] 5 . dg'ion] c?sf] af/]df eGbf cfkm\g} :jfy{sf af/]df lrGtg ul//x]sf] 5 . o'jf cj:yfdf ljleGg lsl;dsf OR5f cfsf+Iff k}bf x'G5g\ . t[i0ffx? k}bf x'G5g\ . o'jfx?n] nIo / p2]ZonfO{ ;fydf /fVb} s] vf]lh/x]]sf] 5 a'em\g' k5{ . zflGt vf]lh/x]sf 5f}+ ls < b'Mv < ;'v < AolQmnfO{ x]g{] ljltSs} xfdLnfO{ nf]e hfU5 . Tolx aGg] k|of; x'G5 . Tof] x'g ;Sb}g / dfG5] b'MvL aG5 . dfG5] sf]lx;Fu t'ngf ug{} ;lsb}g . cfkm\gf] t'ngf c? s;};uF gu/f}+ . cfkm' leqsf] u'0f lrGg';\ . cfkm'n] cfkm'nfO{ dxfg agfpg' k5{ . sf/ r9]/ lx8\g] AolQm b]Vb}df cfkm' leqsf] zfGt efjnfO{ czflGt gagfpg';\ . s;};uF t'ngf u/]/ hLjgnfO{ b'MvL gagfp . AolQm km/s km/s lhDd]jf/Ldf x'g;S5 . aflx/L sd{x?nfO{ v'zLsf] cfwf/ agfpg' x'bF }g . cfgGbsf] cfwf/ agfpg' x'bF }g . v'zL cfkm' leq} 5 . aflx/L ;fwgx?df 5}g . To;sf] dtna sfd g} gu/f+} eGg] xf]O{g . v'zLsf] cfwf/ cfkm} leq 5 . cfgGb cfkm} leq 5 . s;}nfO{ v'zL lbg] k|oTg u5f{} eg] Tof] v'zL cfkm}lt/ kms{G5 . sd{nfO{ v'zL g;Demf}+ . d h:tf] aGg] k|of; gug{';\ . tkfO{ tkfO{ h:t} aGg] k|of; ug{';\ . tkfO{n] tkfO{nfO{ g} ufO{8 ug{';\ . tkfO{sf] 3/df ePsf] l;;f kmf]xf]/ x'bF f c?sf] hLjgM 3/df ;'sfPsf] sk8f kmf]xf]/ b]Vg' x'G5 . tkfO{nfO{ ;Totf ta yfxf x'G5 ta lj1fg / wd{sf] Aofn]G; xf] . ef}ltstf / cfWoflTdstfsf] Aofn]G; xf] . tkfO{n] tkfO{sf] 3/sf] l;;f kmf]xf]/ b]Vg' x'G5 . cfkm' leqsf] x]g{] P]gfnfO{ ha ;kmf kfg{' x'G5 ta tkfO{n] ;a}nfO{ /fd|f] / ;kmf b]Vg' x'G5 . c;n dfG5]n] k|]dM ;a}nfO{ c;n b]V5 / p;nfO{ c;n afx]s v/fa dfG5]sf] ;+ut g} kfb{}g . v/fa lng] rfxgf xf]O{g lbg' dfq xf] .

AolQmnfO{ hxfF klg v/fas} ;+ut ldN5 . d s:tf] 5' < dg':o b'MvL c?nfO{ ljjfxM bf]if lbP/ eO{/x]sf] 5 .

Ps csf{;Fu ;f}xfb{k"0f{ jftfj/0f /fv]/ Psn] csf{nfO{ a'em\g' . cfsfzdf pl8/x]sf] sfun] cfkm' dfq} b'MvL ePsf] b]V5 . xfF;nfO{ ;'vL b]v]/ ToxfF k'Ubf ;'uf ;'vL ePsf] yfxf kfpF5 . ;'ufsf]df k'Ubf do'/ ;'vL zfl//Ls ;DjGwM ePsf] yfxf kfpF5 . do'/sf]df k'Ubf lrl8ofvfgfdf /x]sf] do'/n] cfkm' eGbf sfdgf . jf;gf . t[KtL . ltdL g} :jtGq ePsf]n] d eGbf ltdL g} v'zL ePsf] atfpF5 . ;'Gb/tfsf] sf/0f cfkm' y'lgP/ a;]sf] u'gf;f] u5{ . sfun] yfxf kfpF5 ;+;f/sf] ;a}eGbf ;'vL k|fO{d PkmPd !)$=% d]ufxh{sf] ljxfgL lrGtg sfo{qmd cGtu{t zlgjf/sf] lbg ul/Psf] cfkm} ePsf] yfxf kfpF5 . c?sf] hLjgsf] af/]df a'em\bf a'em\b} dfG5] b'MvL aG5 JolQmsf] JolQmut hLjgsf ef]ufO{ af/]sf] s'/fsfgLsf] ;f/f+z . k|ltlqmofsf] nflu M motiramtimalsina@gmail.com . klxnf cfkm'nfO{ a'em\g';\ . do'/ / sfusf] s'/f xf]O{g s'/f a'emfO{sf] xf] .

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ljBfyL{ Pj+ 8fG;/ · cfhef]lnsf] b}lgsL s;/L laTb}5 < xfn sIff !@ df k9\b} 5' . ;fy;fy} 8fG; l;Sb} l;sfpb} cfPsf] 5' . slxn] sfxLF k|f]u|fdx?df 8fG; ug]{ o:t} 5 b}lgsL . · k9fO{ clg 8fG; s'gnfO a9L ;do lbg'x'G5< lsg < klxnf] k|yldstf t k9fO g} xf] . ;fy} cfˆgf] ?lrsf] laifo ePsfn] d 8fG; l;Sg x]g{ / ug{ dg k/fp5' . · 8fG; g} rflxF lsg l;Sg' eof] < s:sf] sf/0f of] lkmN8df x'g'x'G5 < x/]s dfG5]sf] s'g} g s'g} km/s laifosf] rfxgf x'G5 . dnfO rflxF ;fg}b]lv 8fG;

kfFrvfn÷/fi6«klt ljBfb]jL e08f/Ln] lhNnfsf] kfFrvfn gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ ( df /x]sf] knf~rf]s eujtL dlGb/df k'hf cr{gf ug{' ePsf] 5 . /fi6«klt eP kl5 nuftf/ t]>f] k6s /fi6«klt e08f/L kfFrvfnsf] knf~rf]s eujtL dlGb/df ci6dLsf] lbgdf k'hf cr{gfsf nflu cfpg] ug{' ePsf] 5 . knf~rf]s eujtL dlGb/df b]zsf ljleGg If]qaf6 bz}+ nufot cGo lbgx?df eQmfn'x? cfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . /fi6«klt e08f/L ljxfg !) ah] dlGb/ kl/;/df k|j]z u/L dlGb/df lgoldt k'hf ;lsP nuQ} lgd k'hf u/L /fhwfgL kms{g' ePsf] lyof] . @^ ldg]6 dlGb/ kl/;/df /xg' ePsL /fi6«klt e08f/Ln] !# ldg]6 dlGb/df k'hf cr{gf ug{' eof] . k'hf cr{gf nuQ} :yfgLox?;uF ;fd'lxs tl:j/ lvrfpg' eof] . kfr F vfn gu/kflnsfsf] tkm{af6 sfo{jfxs d]o/ nIdL bg'jf/n] /fi6«klt e08f/LnfO{ dfofsf] lrgf]

o'jf;“u !) k|Zg e'jg /fodfemL Psbd} dgkg]{ ePsf]n] g} 8fG; l;Sg yflnof] . k|]/0ff AolQmsf] eGbf klg 6]lnlehgdf 8fG; x]bf{x]b}{ d Tot}lt/ cfslif{t ePsL x'F . · 8fG; x]Ny nflu ls dgf]/~hgsf] nflu < g[Tosf] k|d'v kf6f] eg]sf] dgf]/~hg g} xf] . t/ 8fG; ug]{ dfG5]sf] PS;/;f{Oh dHhfn] x'G5 To;sf/0f :j:y /xg] s'/f t :jefljsg} xf] . To;}n] cfhef]ln dflg;x? :jf:Yosf nflu klg 8fG; ug]{ ub{5g\ . · 8fG; l;Sg ;lhnf] ls l;sfpg < cfkm}n] u/]sf] 8fG; cfkm}nfO{ s:tf] nfU5 < 8fG; l;Sg eGbf l;sfpg ;lhnf] h:tf] nfU5 . cfkm}n] u/]sf] 8fG; /fd|} nfU5 /]s8{x? x]bf{ /fd|} ubL{ /}5' eGg] lkmn x'G5 . · 8fG; 5f8]/ csf]{ If]q /f]Hg rfxfg'x'G5 eg] s'g If]q 5fGg' x'G5 < ca ;fob 8fG; t d 5f8\g ;lSbg xf]nf lsgls d}n] olx If]qdf nfdf] ;do latfO ;s]sf] 5' . of] ;Fu;Fu} csf]{ If]q /f]Hg' k/] df]8lnªdf klg rf;f] rflxF 5 d]/f] . · eljiosf] of]hgf s] 5 < To:tf] 7"nf] of]hgf t s]xL 5}g t/ klg ;a}n] lrGg] ;kmn 8fG;/sf] kl/ro agfpg' k5{ eg]/ ;+3if{ ul//x]sf] 5' . · /fhgLlt dgk5{ < tkfO{nfO{ g]tf agF' b]zsf] ljsf; u?d\ nfUb}g < /fhgLltdf rf;f] g} gePsf] rflxF x}g t/ klg /fhgLlt g} ug]{ ;Ddsf] ;f]r rflxF /fv]sL 5}g . d 8fG; u5{' o;}df nfdf] ofqf ug{' 5 /fhgLtL ug]{x? ub}{5g\ lg . · ;]S;sf] af/]df s] a'‰g'ePsf] 5 < ;]S;sf] af/]df w]/} s'/f t yfxf 5}g t/ klg ;]S; Pp6f k|fs[lts s'/f xf] . ;]S;nfO{ unt a'‰g] eGbf klg unt gug]{ xf] eg] ;fdfGo s'/f xf] . · cGTodf==== d]/f] egfO /fVg] df}sf lbg' ePsf]df r]i6f kl/jf/nfO wGojfb . ;a} o'jfnfO{

a]yfGrf]s If]q ;/f]sf/ ;dfhn] u¥of] ;Ddfg

9'+vs{÷a]yfGrf]s If]q ;/f]sf/ ;dfhn] lahof bzdL tyf z'e lbkfjnLsf] cj;/ kf/L h]i7 gful/s tyf k|ltef ;Ddfg sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . a]yfGrf]s ufpFkflnsf j8f gDa/ @ sf cWoIf eujfg l3ld/]sf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg sfo{qmd >L s[i0fuf]kfn dfljsf cWoIf u0f]zk|;fb ltdlN;gfsf] cWoIftfdf ;KkGg ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf g]kfn ;/sf/sf pk;lrj gj/fh l3ld/], g]kfnL sfFu|];sf lhNnf ;b:o /fdx/L ltdlN;gf, g]skf lhNnf ;b:o a]bk|;fb ltdlN;gf, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 sfe|]sf cWoIf df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf, a]yfGrf]s 5]q ;dfhsf ;Nnfxsf/ dl5G› nfdf, j8f ;b:o /fdk|;fb ltdlN;gf, a]yfGrf]s ;/f]sf/ ;dfhsf ;b:o /fh]z ltdlN;gf, ho/fd ltdlN;gf nufotn] dGtJo

/fv]sf lyP .

;f]xL cj;/df ;flxTosf/ /d]z ltdlN;gf / cfly{s kqsf/ ;dfhsf cWoIf led uf}tdnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof]] . ;Ddflgt AolQmx? uf}td / ltdlN;gfn] hGde"lddf ;Ddflgt x''g kfPsf]df cfef/ AoQm ub{} wGojfb AoQm u/]sf lyP . ;f]lx cj;/df h]i7 gful/sx? !) hgfnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . o'jfx? nfO{ lasf; lgdf{0f df ;xefuL u/fpg, cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f:s[lts lasf;df ;xefuL u/fpb} a]yfGrf]s ufpF kflnsfsf] ;du| lasf;df Psh'6 u/fpg ;/f]sf/ ;dfhn] Wofg lbg] ;Nnfxsf/ dl5G› nfdfn] hfgsf/L lbP . sfo{qmddf :yfgLo, ljleGg If]qsf AolQmx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . a]yfGrf]s ufpkFflnsfdf /x]/ cGoq a;f]af; ug]{ AolQmx?n] pQm ;dfhnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ atfPsf lyP .

lxdfno sfnLb]jL art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kgf}tL–!), z+v'kf6Lrf}/ c7f/f}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DaGwL o; ;+:yfsf] ldlt @)&^.$.!@ sf] lbg a;]sf] ;+rfns ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{o cg';f/ tkl;nsf] ldlt, ;do / :yfgdf o; ;+:yfsf] c7f/f}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f x'g] ePsf]n] pkl:yltsf] nflu kq k7fO;lsPsf] 5, olb kq k|fKt gePdf o;} ;"rgfnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL clgjfo{ pkl:yltsf] nflu cg'/f]w ul/G5 . sfo{qmd ldlt M–@)&^.&.@ ut] zlgjf/ :yfg M– O{6] b]jL:yfg kl/;/, w'gkf !@, ;}n'ªsf]6 ;do M–ljxfg !) ah] 5nkmnsf ljifox? M != lg0f{ox? k|dfl0ft ug{] k|ltlglwx? 5gf}6 ug{] ;DaGwdf . @= ;lrj, sf]iffWoIf / n]vf ;'kl/j]If0f ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg k|:t't 5nkmn / kfl/t ug{] ;DaGwdf . #= cf=j=@)&^÷)&& sf] cg'dflgt cfo Joo sfo{qmd k|:t't 5nkmn / kfl/t ug{] ;DaGwdf . $=cf=j=@)&%÷)&^ sf] n]vf kl/Ifssf] k|ltj]bg kfl/t ug{] ;DaGwdf . %= cf=j=@)&^÷)&& sf] nflu n]vf kl/Ifs lgo'lQm tyf kfl/>lds tf]Sg] ;DaGwdf . ^= l/Qm /x]sf] n]vf ;ldlt ;b:o ;DaGwdf . &= ;+:yfx? PsLs/0f ug{] ;DaGwdf . *=ljljw= ;lrj

;Tdfu{df nfuf} ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] ljsf; u/f}+ eGg rfxG5' . / :jf:Yosf nflu 8fG;nfO{ ;do lbg cg'/f]w ub{5' . · cGTodf====== o;/L g} o'jfx?sf] cfjfh ;'lgof];\ / o'jfsf] cfjfh ;'g'jfO{ klg xf]; / d]/f] ljrf/ /fVg] df}sf lbg' ePsf]df r]i6f kl/jf/nfO{ wGoafb lbg rfxfG5' .

ag]kfdf s'df/L a+}ssf] zfvf pb\3f6g

agk]f÷Aofkf/Ls gu/ agk]fdf sd'f/L as +} n] cfk}rfl/s ?kdf sfofn { o pb3\f6g u/L sf/fj]f/ ze'f/De u/s ] f] 5 . ljhof bzdLsf] cj;/ kf/L c;fh ] !^ ut] ljlxaf/ bl]v as +} n] sf/fj]f/ ze'f/De u/s ] f] xf] . ag] k f gu/kflnsfsf k| d ' v nIdLg/l;+ afb] / a}+ssf ;+rfns s[i0fk|;fb 1jfnLn] s'df/L a}+ssf] ag]kf zfvfsf] cf}krfl/s ?kdf z'ef/De u/]sf x'g\ . ;f]lx sfo{qmddf af]Nb} gu/ k|d'v afb]n] Aofkf/Ls sf/f]jf/ w]/} x'g] lhNnfs} s]Gb| ag]kfdf a+}sn] ;]jfu|xLnfO{ ;xh / ;'ne tl/sfn] ;]jf k|bfg ug{'kg{] atfP . ag]kfdf em08} ! ;o eGbf w]/} ljQLo ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] sf/f]jf/ ub{} cfPsf 5g\ . ;fl]x sfoq{mddf pBfu] afl0fHo ;3+sf sl]Gbo| ;b:o ;/'si[0f aB } , lhNnf cWoIf ks | fz dfgGw/, as }+ sf ljleGg txsf sdr { f/Lx?, zfvfsf kj|Gws gljgf aB } nufotn] sd'f/L as +} n] kb|fg ug]{ ;j]fsf af/d]f hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP . sd'f/L as }+ lnld68]n] sf7df8f+} pkTosfleq tyf aflx/ u//] cfˆgf ;ft gofF zfvfx¿sf] p¢f6g u/s ] f lyP . sf7df8fl}+ :yt gofF jfgZ]j/ zfvfsf] p¢f6g as }+ sf ;r + fns ;ldltsf cWoIf cld/

kt|fk h= a= /f0ff / gful/s nufgL sfi]fsf kd|v ' kz | f;s /d0f gk]fnn] ;o+Q'm ¿kdf ;DkGg u/s ] f lyP . sLltk{/' zfvfsf] p¢f6g as }+ sf ;r + fns ;ldltsf ;b:o dxz ] k;|fb kfv ] /n ] / sLltk{/' gu/kflnsf ( sf j8f cWoIf uu+f/fd dxhg{åf/f ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . as }+ n] pkTosfaflx/ eg] gjnk/f;Ll:yt u8}+ fsf6], af/fl:yt lhtk/', lrtjgl:yt k/'fgf] k;f,{ k;f{ l:yt l;l;o{fdf u/L $ zfvfx¿sf] cfk}rfl/s p¢f6g u/s ] f] xf] . pkTosf aflx/sf zfvfx?sf] efl}ts p¢f6g ;DalGwt 7fpaFf6 ePtf klg dfa]fOn { kl|jlwaf6 ljBt' Lo O–{pb3\f6g as }+ sf] sl]G›o sfofn { oaf6} as }+ sf ;r + fns ;ldlt, as }+ sf pRr kwflbsf/L tyf cGo sdr { f/Lsf] pkl:yltdf ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . pGgt kl|jlw dfkmt{ ;DkGg ;df/fx] gk]fnL al}+ sË Ifq]s} nfuL gjLg zn } Ldf ul/Psf] pb3\f6gsf] Ps pbfx/0f xf] . ljut !* jif{ bl]v lg/Gt/ al}+ sË ;j]f lbb} cfPsf] sd'f/L as }+ n] cfˆgf bz ] e/ /xs ] f ! ;o & zfvf ;h + fn, (# Pl6Pd, * zfvf /lxt al}+ sË Os { fOx{¿ tyf # PS;6G];g sfpG6/ dfkmt{ cfˆgf uf|xsx¿nfO{ cTofwl'gs tyf ke|fjsf/L ;j]fx¿ k¥'ofpg] atfPsf] 5 .

k|bfg ug{' ePsf] lyof] . /fi6«klt e08f/LnfO{ :jfut ug{ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt sfe|]sf k|d'v p4j s];L, pkk|d'v d~h' uf}td, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf k|d'v czf]s Aof~h', kfr F vfn gu/kflnsf pkk|d'v nIdL bg'jf/, k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L >j0fs'df/ ltdlN;gf, j8f cWoIfx?, ;'/Iff lgsfosf k|d'vx?, :yfgLox?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . /fi6«klt e08f/LnfO{ dfofsf] lrgf] lbb} :yfgLox?n] dlGb/sf] ljsf;df ;xof]u ug{ cfu|x u/]sf lyP . /fi6«klt e08f/Ln] dlGb/sf] ljsf;;uF} cGo If]qdf klg ;/sf/n] Wofg lbO{/x]sf] atfpg' eof] . /fi6«klt e08f/L kfr F vfn l:yt la/]Gb zflGt tflnd s]G› ;Dd x]lnsK6/df cfpg' ePsf] lyof] eg] tflnd s]Gb|af6 !) lsld 6f9f /x]sf] knf~rf]s eujtL dlGb/;Dd uf8Ldf hfg' ePsf]] lyof] . /fi6«klt;uF} /fi6«klt sfof{nosf ;lra 8fS6/ xl/ kf}8]n, h]l7 5f]/L piffls/0f clwsf/L / :jsLo ;lrj hLj5 zfx / ejfgL sfsL{ nufot ;xefuL lyP .

‘AolQmsf] ulNt kf6L{n] af]Sb}g’–dGqL af:sf]6f

ag]kf÷;+rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqL uf]s'n af:sf]6fn] ;Ddfg / rl/q ;lxtsf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ ePsfn] AolQmn] u/]sf :jefjhGo ulNt kf6L{n] gaf]Sg] atfPsf 5g\ . kf6L{ Plss/0fsf] k|s[of z'? ePsfn] lhNnfsf ;a} tx / j8f :t/Lo sld6Lx?sf] u7g bz+} ;lsP nuQ} z'? x'g] dGqL af:sf]6fn] atfP . g]skf sfe|]sf] OGrfh{ ;d]t /xg' ePsf dGqL af:sf]6fn] kf6L{ Plss/0fsf] sfd g;lsFbf ;/sf/n] u/]sf ultljlwx?sf af/]df hgtfnfO{ eGg ;d]t c;xh ePsf] atfpFb} sld6Ln] k"0f{tf kfP ;Fu} kf6L{sf sfd / hgtf;Fu hf]l8g] ljifodf s]lGb|t x'g] atfP . g]skf ag]kf gu/ sld6Lsf] cfof]hgfdf ag]kfdf cfof]lht ljhof bzdL, z'e lbkfjnL, g]kfn ;Djt / 57 kj{sf] cj;/df cfof]lht z'esfdgf cfbfg–k|bfg sfo{qmddf af]Nb} dGqL af:sf]6fn] pQm wf/0ff AoQm u/]sf x'g\ . …e|i6frf/, x'nx'Hhtsf af/]df kf6L{n] lhDd]jf/L lnb}g, AolQmn] ug{] ck/fw / rl/qsf af/]df kf6L{ lhDd]jf/ x'Fb}gÚ–dGqL af:sf]6fn] lgb{]zg lbb} sfo{stf{x?nfO{ eg] –…kf6L{sf ;a} sfo{stf{x?n] of]hgfsf

gfddf xf];\ jf cGo s'g} sfddf xf];\ e|i6frf/ ug{] ;f]r g/fVg';\ /fVg' eof] eg] sf/jfxL x'g]5 .Ú ;xdlt / ljlwaf6 kf6L{sf] Plss/0f 6'Ëofpg] atfpbF} dGqL af:sf]6fn] kf6L{ Pstf;uF} kf6L{ leq /x]sf dtfGt/ sd xb'F} hfg] atfP . lhNnfsf] ;d[4sf nflu 7'nf 7'nf kl/of]hgf ;+rfng eO{/x]sf] atfpbF} ag]kf gu/ leqsf] k'0odftf sl/8f]/sf] lgdf{0f, vfg]kfgL, lzIffdf cfw'lgsLs/0f nufotsf of]hgfdf /sd ljlgof]hg u/L sfo{ z'? u/]sf] dGqL af:sf]6fn] atfP . sfo{qmddf ;+ljwfg ;ef ;b:o /fdx/L ;'j]bL, k|b]z ;ef ;b:o uf]df e't{]n, ag]kf gu/kflnsf k|d'v nIdLg/l;+ afb], g]skf g]tfx? s'df/ ltdlN;gf, xl/b]j lu/L, e}}/j s;L, /Tgs'z /l~htsf/, d'lQm lji6 nufotn] g]skfsf sld6Lx? ;lqmo xb'Ff hgtf;uF hf]l8g ;xh x'g] atfPsf lyP . hgk|ltlglwn] ul//x]sf sfdx? hgtfsf aLrdf n}hfg klg kf6L{ sld6Lx? ;lqmo x'g'kg{] ;xeflux?n] atfPsf lyP . lrofkfg sfo{qmddf g]skf ag]kf tyf cf;kf;sf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x? ;xefuL lyP . g]skf lhNnf sld6L sfe|]df kf6L{ PsLs/0f eP klg ;ky x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . cfufdL sflt{s @ ut]nfO{ ;ky u/fpg] u/L ;xdlt ePsf] dGqL af:sf]6fn] atfP .

&%

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

jif{ jif{ @% @$ c+c+ss $( !^ @)&^ @)&$ c;f] kmfu'hg #) # ut] ut]ljxLjf/ ljxLjf/

zf/bfb]jLsf] km'6;n ;DkGg nvklt ;fsf];sf] gjf} ;ef hgfufn÷zf/bfb] j L o" j f Snasf] cfof]hgfdf bf];|f] /fd d]df]l/on km'6;n 6'gf{d]G6 ag]kfsf] k'nahf/df ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . km'6;n k|ltof]lutf :jlu{o /fd yfkfsf] 5f]/L cf/;' yfkfsf] cWwogdf ;xof]u k'uf]; eGg] pb]Zosf nfuL cfof]hgf ul/Psf] Snasf sf]iffWoIf z'/]; uf}tdn] atfP . k|ltuf]lutfdf @% l6dsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] eg] k|yd x'g]nfO{ $) xhf/ gub ;lxt v;L, l4ltonfO{ @)

xhf/ gub / /ftf] efn] tyf 6«lkm k'/:sf/ k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . 6'gf{d]G6df k|yd Aofr g+= @)^% w'lnv]n, l4lto Vjk km'6;n eQmk'/ ePsf] lyof] . k|ltof]lutfsf] kmfO{gn v]ndf sfe|] lhNnf km'6an ;3+sf cWoIf ljsf; gf/fo0f >]i7, ;dfh;]jL /Tg s'z /lht, ag]kf AjfO{h Snasf cWoIf dx]z sdf{rfo{ nufPtsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . kl|tofl]utf ;dfkg sfoq{md cfofh ] s Snasf sfi]ffWoIf Pj+ vn ] ;o+fh ] s z/';] uft}dn] ;~rfng u/s ] f lyP .

ag]kf÷nvklt art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] gjf} jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ;+:yfsf cWoIf /fds'df/L lj8f/Lsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . cWoIf lj8f/Ln] ;+:yfsf] d'Vo pb]zo eg]s} ;b:ox?sf] cfly{s pGgtL /x]sf] atfP . ;+:yfn] ljut gf} jif{ b] v L ;xsf/Lsf] l;2fGt cg' ? k ;b:ox?nfO{ art sfo{qmddf cToflws ;xeflutf a9fpg] sfo{ ub{] cfO{/x]sf] pgn] atfP . sfo{qmddf ;:yfsf] jflif{s

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

k|lta]bg ;lra ljhof tfdfªn], cfly{s k|lta]bg sf]iffWoIf ;Gtf]ifL a'9fyf]sLn] / n]vf tyf ;'kl/a]If0f ;ldltsf] k|lta]bg ;+of]hs 6+s axfb'/ cfn]du/n] k|:t't u/]sf lyP . ;+:yfsf] cf=j @)&%÷)&^sf]] z]o/ k+'hL !* nfv ^& xhf/ ( ;o,art @ s/f]8 ( nfv ** xhf/ & ;o ((,cfDbfgL $) nfv @^ xhf/ * ;o @@ /x]sf] hgfPsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf pTs[i6 art stf{, C0fL, z]o/ ;b:onfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

;lqmo ;fsf];sf] 5}6f} ;ef ;DkGg ag]kf÷;lqmo art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] 5}6f} aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf art ;3+sf k|yd pkfWoIf O{Gb|k|;fb clwsf/Lsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;efdf af]Nb} clwsf/Ln] ;xsf/Lx?n] art tyf C0fsf] dfq sf/f]af/ gu/L pTkfbg d'ns / /f]huf/ d'ns If]qdf nufgL ug{ cfu|x u/]sf lyP . ;xsf/Ln] g} ;b:ox?sf] cfly{s cj:yf psf:g] ePsfn] ;fgf tyf 7'nf Aoa;foLx? ;d]tnfO{ ;d]6L nufgL ug{ cfu|x u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf ;+:yfsf] jflif{s k|lta]bg ;lra

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hGd M @))&.!).@(

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efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL hGd @)@(.!@.@)

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kbM jl/i7 C0f ;xfos -k'?if_ txMrf}Fyf] kb ;+VofM ! -Ps_ tnj ;'ljwf M ;+:yfsf] lgodfg';f/ 5gf}6sf] lsl;d M lnlvt / cGt/jftf{ b/vf:t z"Ns M ? @)).– z}lIfs of]UotfM :gfts jf ;f] ;/x jf~5lgo of]UotfM–nfO;]G; ePsfnfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf pd]/ M@! jif{ k'/f eO{ $% jif{ ggf3]sf gful/stfM g]kfnL gful/s sfdsf] ljj/0f M ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkgn] tf]s] adf]lhd b/vf:t a'emfpg] clGtd ldltM@)&^ sflQs !% ut] cg'ej M • ;xsf/L If]qdf C0f ljefudf sfo{ cg'ej ePsfnfO{ laz]if u|fxotf lbOg] 5 .

• sDKo"6/ ;DalGw cfwf/e"t clkm; Kofs]h -Ms word, Ms Excel, PowerPoint, Email, Internet _ ;DaGwL /fd|f] bVvn ePsf] , k|ltj]bg n]vg, ahf/Ls/0f ;DalGw 1fg ePsf], b/vf:t a'emfpg] ;do / :yfg M sfof{no ;dodf, ;+:yfsf] sfo{no ag]kf –^ -l;len a}}+s ;+u}_ gf]6M 5gf]}6 ePsf pDd]bjf/ nfO{ dfq cGt/jftf{df af]nfOg] 5 . ;+of]hs kbk"lt{ pk;dlt yk hfgsf/Lsf] nflu

kfg; art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]kf–*, sfe|] kmf]g g+= M )!!–^^!)#% O{–d]nM panas.saccos@gmail.com

z'e lbkfjnL tyf Gx'bof leGt'gfsf] xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf===

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Go"gtd of]Uotf dfGotf k|fKt z}lIfs ;+:yfjf6 Joj:yfkgdf slDtdf k|df0f kq tx -±@_ jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ jhf/ k|ltlglw % hgf dfGotf k|fKt z}lIfs ;+:yfjf6 slDtdf k|df0fkq tx -±@_ jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ – :yfgLo, cg'elj sd{rf/LnfO{ k|fyfldstf lbO{g] 5 .

– ;+:yfjf6 k|fKt x'g] tnj ;]jf ;'ljwfx? ;+:yfsf] lgodcg';f/ cfsif{s x'g]5 .

– pd]/ xb !* jif{ k'/f u/L #% jif{ ggf3]sf] .

O{R5's ;a} cfj]bsx?n] cfj]bg kmf/d / kl/Iff ;DjlGw ;Dk"0f{ hfgsf/Lsf nflu ;+:yfsf] k|wfg sfo{nodf ;Dks{ /fVg'x'g cg'/f]w ul/G5 .

uf]vf{ ljsf; art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]kf–& led;]g:yfg, sfe|] kmf]g g+ )!!–^^@*#!, )!!–^^@^&* Email: gorkhab@gmail.com

laut @% jif{b]lv ;d'bfosf] lxtsf nflu ;~rflnt o; ;+:yfsf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf s/f/df sfo{ ug]{ sd{rf/L cfjZos ePsf] x'gfn] O{R5's tyf tf]lsPsf] of]Uotf k'u]sf AolQmx?af6 b/vf:t lbg'x'g of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . != kb M C0f ;xfos ;+Vof M ! s_ Go"gtd z}lIfs of]UotfM !)±@ jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ v_ ;]jfsf] ls;LdM s/f/ u_ tx M bf];|f] tx-ag]kf ;]jf s]Gb|_ 3_ cGo cfjZos of]UotfM – sDKo'6/ ;DaGwL /fd|f] 1fg ePsf] / @ kf+u|] ;jf/L ;fwg rnfpg] cg'dlt kq ePsf] . ª_ sfo{ ;DaGwL cGo cfjZos laj/0fx?M – ;DaGwLt sfdsf] cg'ej ePsfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{g]5 .

– cfj]bssf] pd]/ !* jif{ k'/f eO{ $) jif{ ggf3]sf] x'g'kg]{5 .

– :yfgLonfO{ k|fyldstf k|bfg ul/g]5 t/ ;+:yfsf] h'g;'s} sfof{nodf /xL sfo{ ug{ tof/ ePsf] x'g'kg]{5 . r_ sfo{laj/0fM – ;DalGwt ;]jfs]Gb| cGt{ut C0f nufgL / c;'nL ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{ .

– ;+:yfn] k|bfg ug]{ cGo nIo k'/f ug]{ .

5_ tna tyf cGo ;'ljwf M – tna :s]n M @),^*).– – cGo ;'ljwf ;+:yfsf] lgodfg';f/ x'g]5 . @ kb M x]Nk 8]:s ;xfos ;+Vof M ! s_ Go"gtd z}lIfs of]UotfM !)±@ jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ v_ ;]jfsf] ls;LdM s/f/ u_ tx M >]0fL ljlxg -ag]kf ;]jf s]Gb|_ 3_ cGo cfjZos of]UotfM – sDKo'6/ ;DaGwL /fd|f] 1fg ePsf] . ª_ sfo{ ;DaGwL cGo cfjZos laj/0fx? M – ;DaGwLt sfdsf] cg'ej ePsfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{g]5 .

– cfj]bssf] pd]/ !* jif{ k'/f eO{ $) jif{ ggf3]sf] x'g'kg]{5 .

– :yfgLonfO{ k|fyldstf k|bfg ul/g]5 t/ ;+:yfsf] h'g;'s} sfof{nodf /xL sfo{ ug{ tof/ ePsf] x'g'kg]{5 . r_ sfo{laj/0f M – ;DalGwt ;]jf s]Gb|af6 ;b:onfO{ k/fdz{ ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ .

– ;+:yfn] k|bfg ug]{ cGo nIo k'/f ug]{ . – sfof{no ;/;kmfO{ ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{ .

5_ tna tyf cGo ;'ljwf M – tna :s]n M !#,$%).– – cGo ;'ljwf ;+:yfsf] lgodfg';f/ x'g]5 . # kb M ahf/ k|ltlglw ;+Vof M ! s_ Go"gtd z}lIfs of]UotfM P;=O{=O{ jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ v_ ;]jfsf] ls;LdM s/f/ u_ tx M >]0fL ljlxg -d'Vo sfof{no_ 3_ cGo cfjZos of]UotfM – sDKo'6/ ;DaGwL /fd|f] 1fg ePsf] . ª_ sfo{ ;DaGwL cGo cfjZos laj/0fx?M – ;DaGwLt sfdsf] cg'ej ePsfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{g]5 .

– cfj]bssf] pd]/ !* jif{ k'/f eO{ $) jif{ ggf3]sf] x'g'kg]{5 . r_ sfo{laj/0fM – tf]lsPsf] ?6 -9ndn] b]lv kgf}tL j;kfs{_df b}lgs jrt ;+sng ug]{ .

– ;+:yfn] k|bfg ug]{ cGo nIo k'/f ug]{ .

5_ tna tyf cGo ;'ljwf M – tna :s]n M !#,$%).– – cGo ;'ljwf ;+:yfsf] lgodfg';f/ x'g]5 . dfly pNn]lvt of]Uotf k'u]sf O{R5's AolQmx?n] xfn;fn} lvr]sf] kf;kf]6{ ;fO{hsf] kmf]6f] / afof]8f6f ;lxt of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] !% lbg dbg a:g]t leq -@)&^ sflt{s !$ ut] lbgsf] $ ah] leq_ ;+:yfsf] d'Vo sfof{nodf cfO{k'Ug] u/L b/vf:t lbg' x'g ;"rLt ul/G5 . ;b:o ;lrj ;fy} 5f]6f] ;"rLdf kg{ ;kmn pDd]bjf/x?nfO{ dfq} k/LIffsf] kbk"lt{ pk;ldlt

;xeflutfsf] nflu xflb{s cg'/f]w /fli6«o o'jf ;+3 g]kfn w'=g=kf=@ sf] cfof]hgfdf lgDg ldlt, ;do / :yfgdf x'g uO/x]sf] æt];|f] /fhg sf]O/fnf :d[lt sk /lgª lzN8 elnan k|ltof]lutf @)&^Æ df ;xeflutfsf] nflu cfkm\gf] j8faf6 clgjfo{ l6d k7fO{ sfo{qmd ;kmn agfpg ;xof]u ul/lbg' x'g xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ . ;Dks{ k|ltof]lutf ;DaGwL ljj/0f l6d btf{ ug{] clGtd ldlt M @)&^.&.* ut] ch{'g Gof}kfg] M (*%!!*)^&) ;do M lbgsf] 7Ls @ ah] O{Zj/ ;fksf]6f M (*$!&*#^*( 6fOl;6 k|sflzt ug{] ldlt M @)&^.&.* ut] dw's/ u]nfn M (*^!^$!%(@ ;do lbgsf] l7s # ah] slj/fh Gof}kfg] M (*$#%@*%%$ v]n pb\3f6g x'g] ldlt M @)&^.&.( ut] ;dfkg x'g] ldlt M @)&^.&.!! ut] ;+of]hs l6d btf{ z'Ns ?= #))).– dw's/ u]nfn :yfg M w'lnv]n g=kf= @, u]nfnkf6L k'/:sf/ k|yd M gub ?= @%))).– d]8n / k|df0fkq, pTs[i6 v]nf8L gub ?= #))).– bf];|f] M gub ?= !%))).– d]8n / k|df0fkq, k|ltefjfg\ v]nf8L gub ?= @))).– t];|f] M gub ?= %))).– d]8n / k|df0fkq

d~h'>L art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, ag]kf–*, sfe|]sf] t]x|f}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DaGwL ;"rgf o; ;+:yfsf] t]x|f}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef lgDg ldlt, :yfg / ;dodf x'g] ePsf]n] ;Dk"0f{ z]o/ ;b:ox?nfO{ kq k7fO{ ;lsPsf] 5 . olb s'g} sf/0fjz kq k|fKt gePdf o;} ;"rgfnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:ylt eO{lbg'x'g xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ .

sfo{qmd M ldlt M @)&^ sflt{s @ ut] zlgaf/ ;do M laxfg *M)) ah] -gfdbtf{ M laxfg &M#) ah]b]lv_ :yfg M k~rsGof a}+Sj]6, ag]kf -l;4fy{ :s'n;“u}_ 5nkmnsf ljifox? M !_ cf=j= @)&%.)&^ sf] jflif{s k|ult ljj/0f tyf cf=j= @)&^.)&& sf] k|:tfljt sfo{qmd ;DaGwdf . @_ cf=j= @)&%.)&^ sf] cfly{s ljj/0f tyf cf=j= @)&^.)&& sf] cg'dflgt ah]6 ;DaGwdf . #_ cf=j= @)&%÷)&^ sf] n]vf k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg ;DaGwdf . $_ cf=j= @)&^÷)&& sf] nflu n]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQm tyf kfl/>lds ;DaGwdf . %_ ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{o k'l:tsfdf x:tfIf/ ug{ k|ltlglw rog ug{] ;DaGwdf . ^_ ljljw . gf]6 M !_ t]x|f}+ ;fwf/0f ;efsf] cj;/df v/Lb ul/Psf] z]o/sf] nfef+z cfufdL ;fwf/0f ;efdf lbOg]5 . @_ ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt x'g] ;b:ox?nfO{ kl/jxg vr{ pknAw u/fOg] ePsf]n] ;+:yfn] ljt/0f u/]sf] kf;a's jf ;s{'n/ lnO{ ;b:o :jod\ pkl:yt x'g'kg]{5 . k|ltlglwnfO{ kl/jxg vr{ pknAw u/fOg] 5}g . #_ ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt x'g] ;b:ox?nfO{ gf:tfsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . $_ ljljw zLif{sdf 5nkmn ug{ OR5's z]o/ ;b:ox?n] ;fwf/0f ;efeGbf & lbg cufl8 lnlvt ?kdf ;+:yfsf] sfof{nodf ;"rgf lbg'kg]{5 . %_ ;fwf/0f ;efdf ljleGg ljwfsf pTs[i6 ;b:ox?nfO{ k'/:s[t ul/g]5 .

-z/0f sd ' f/ dfgGw/_ ;lrj

P3f/f}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DaGwL ;"rgf k|:t't ljifodf o; ;fsf];sf] ldlt @)&^.)%.@) ut] ;DkGg sfo{ ;ldltsf] ljz]if a}7s g+= !** sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ P3f/f}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f;ef lgDg ldlt, ;do / :yfgdf x'g] ePsf]n] lgwf{l/t ;dodf b]xfPsf ljifox?df 5nkmn ug{ tkfO{+sf] clgjfo{ pkl:yltsf nflu xflb{s cg'/f]w ul/G5 . sfo{qmd M

ldltM @)&^ sflt{s @ ut] ;doM laxfg !)M)) b]lv lbgsf] @M)) ah];Dd :yfgM tfd|fsf/ kfl6{ Kofn];, Hofnfkf6Ldfu{, kgf}tL g=kf= $ ;fwf/0f;efdf x'g] 5nkmnsf ljifox? M !_ cf=j= @)&%÷&^ sf] ;ldlt / pk;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg kfl/tsf ;DaGwdf . @_ cf=j= @)&%÷&^ sf] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg kfl/tsf ;DaGwdf . #_ cf=j= @)&^÷&& sf] jflif{s sfo{of]hgf tyf ah]6 kfl/t ;DaGwdf . $_ cf=j= @)&^÷&& sf] n]vfk/LIfs lgo'lQm / kfl/>ldssf ;DaGwdf . %_ ljlgod ;+zf]wg ug]{ ;DaGwdf . ^_ lg0f{o k'l:tsf ;b/ ;ldltsf ;DaGwdf . &_ ;+:yf PsLs/0fsf ;DaGwdf . /ljgeQm :ofpnf *_ ljljw . ;lrj k'gZr M – ;fwf/0f;efdf z]o/;b:o cfkm} pkl:yt x'g'kg]{5 .

– ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt z]o/;b:onfO{ vfhf÷oftfoft -kl/jxg_ vr{ Joj:yf ul/g]5 .

– @)&^ c;f/;Ddsf] lgoldt art ug{ afFsL z]o/;b:onfO{ kl/jxg vr{sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5}g .

– sflt{s # ut] sfof{no ljbf x'g] hfgsf/L ul/G5 .

– ;fwf/0f;efdf pkl:yt x'g] z]o/;b:on] cfkm\gf] kl/ro v'Ng] sfuhft ;fydf Nofpg' xf]nf .

bf];|f] k6s k|sflzt ldlt M @)&^÷^÷#) o; ljBfnosf nflu dfWolds tx t[tLo >]0fLsf] ul0ft ljifosf] lzIfs cfjZos ePsf]n] OR5's of]Uo pDd]bjf/x?af6 JolQmut ljj/0f / b'O{ k|lt kf;kf]6{ ;fOhsf] kmf]6f] ;fy} z}lIfs of]Uotf, rfl/lqs k|df0f–kq / gful/stfsf] k|df0f–kq k|ltlnkLx?, cg'ejsf] k|df0f–kqsf] k|ltlnkL / cWofkg cg'dlt k|df0f kqsf] k|ltlnkL ;lxt ;+nUg u/L b/vf:t cfJxfg ul/Psf] 5 . != kb M lzIfs @= cfjZos ;+Vof M ! Ps #= ljifo M ul0ft $= tx M dfWolds tx %= ;]jf M s/f/ ^= pd]/ M !* jif{ pd]/ k'/f eO{ $) jif{ ggf3]sf] &= Go'gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf M ;DalGwt ljifodf :gfts jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ *= k|fyldstf M dflyNnf] z}lIfs of]Uotf ePsf] cg'ejLnfO{ ljif]z ufXotf (= b/vf:t lbg] clGtd ldlt M@)&^ sflt{s !) ut] ljBfno ;do;Dd !)= k/LIffsf] lsl;d M lnlvt / cGtjf{tf{ !!= k/LIffsf] kf7oqmd M lzIff ljefun] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] kf7oqmd cg';f/ x'g]5 . !@= k/LIff b:t'/ M ?= !)))÷– !#= k/LIff / cGtjf{tf ldlt M ;Dks{ ldltsf] lbg hfgsf/L u/fOg] 5 . !$= ;Dks{ ldlt M @)&^ sflt{s !) ut] lbgsf] $ ah] lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf nflu ljbfsf lbg afx]s ljxfg !) ah] b]lv $ ah] ;Dd ljBfnodf jf df]jfOn g+= (*$!@@##!@, (*%!!^%!(^ / (*%!!%$#)) df ;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf . k|wfgfWofks

>[hgf ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]kf– * , sfe]|knf~rf]s kmf]g g+= )!!^^!!^&

t]x|f}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DaGwL ;"rgf o; >[hgf ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf lnld6]8sf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] ldlt @)&^÷)^÷!@ sf] a}7ssf] lg0f{o cg';f/ tkl;nsf] ldlt, :yfg / ;dodf lgDg ljifox? dfly 5nkmn u/L lg0f{o lng !#cf}+ aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef x'g] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fp+b} ;Dk"0f{ z]o/ wgL dxfg'efjx?nfO{ pQm ;fwf/0f ;efdf clgjfo{ pkl:yltsf] nflu xflb{s cg'/f]w ul/G5 . sfo{qmd M ldltM @)&^ sflt{s !^ ut] zlgaf/, :yfgM ag]kf g kf j8fg+ *, nIoZj/dfu{ l:yt O{gf]e]l6e O{+uln; Ps]8]dL k|fË0f ;doM lbp+;f] !@M)) ah] b]lv #M)) ah] ;Dd .

5nkmnsf ljifox? M != ;lrjsf] cf=a= @)&%÷)&^ sf] jfl{if{s k|ult k|ltj]bg ;DaGwdf . @= sf]iffWoIfsf] cf=a=@)&%÷)&^ sf] jflif{s cfo÷Joo ljj/0f tyf cfufdL cf=a= @)&^÷&& sf] sfo{of]hgf tyf cg'dflgt ah]6 ;DaGwdf . #= cf=j=@)&%÷)&^ sf] n]vf kl/If0f k|ltj]bg ;DaGwdf . $= n]vf ;ldltsf] cf=a @)&%÷)&^ sf] jfl{if{s k|ult k|ltj]bg ;DaGwdf . %= cfufdL cf=a=@)&^÷)&& sf] nflu n]vfkl/Ifs lgo'lQm tyf kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f ;DjGwdf . ^= lalgod ;+zf]wg ;DjGwdf . &= lg0f{o k'l:tsfdf x:tfIf/ ug{ k|ltlglw lgo'lQm ug]{ ;DjGwdf . *= ljljw . k"gZrM ;fwf/0f ;efdf ;b:o :jod ;xefuL x'g' kg{]5 / ;xefuL ;b:ox?nfO{ kl/axg vr{ ?=#)).– -s/ sl§ ul/_ Joj:yf ul/g]5 . a'4 eQm /l~ht ;lrj

cfjZostf o; ;+:yfsf] nflu lgDg sd{rf/Lsf] cfjZostf ePsf] x'Fbf of]Uotf k'u]sf OR5's g]kfnL gful/sx?n] cfkm\gf] Joltmut ljj/0f, of]Uotfsf k|df0fkqsf k|ltlnlkx? / lnlvt cfj]bg ;lxt sfof{nodf b/vf:t kmf/d eg{ x'g cg'/f]w ul/G5 . s_ kb M ;xfos:t/ -rf}+yf]_ sfo{ M C0f÷n]vf ;+Vof M ! -Ps_ pd]/ M @% b]lv #% aif{ ggf3]sf] of]Uotf M ±@ ptL0f{ jf ;f] ;/x jfG5gLo of]Uotf M sDKo'6/df bIf tyf df]6/;fOsn rfns cg'dlt kq ePsf] v_ kb M ;xfos:t/ -t];|f]_ sfo{ M C0f ;xfos÷n]vf ;xfos ;+Vof M ! -Ps_ pd]/ M @) b]lv #% aif{ ggf3]sf] of]Uotf M ±@ ptL0f{ jf ;f] ;/x jfG5gLo of]Uotf M sDKo'6/df bIf tyf df]6/;fOsn rfnpg ;Sg] u_ kb M ;xfos:t/ -k|yd_ sfo{ M ahf/ k|ltlglw ;+Vof M @ -b'O{_ pd]/ M @) b]lv #) aif{ ggf3]sf] of]Uotf M P;=Pn l;= ptL0f{ jf ;f] ;/x gf]6 M– -;DalGwt sfddf cg'ejL / :yflgonfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf_ tna M ;+:yfsf] lgodfg';f/ cfj]bg z"NsM -s_ / -v_ nfO{ ?=!%).– tyf -u_ nfO{ ?=!)).– cfj]bg lbg] clGtd ldlt M@)&^÷)&÷!# ut] ;Dd cGtjf{tf M@)&^÷)&÷!$ ut] - ljxfg )&M)) ah] af6 d'Vo sfof{noM ag]kf–!), ;]tf]kf6Lrf]sdf_ ;Dks{

lkk'N; art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=

d'Vo sfof{noM ag]kf–!) ;]tf]kf6Lrf]s )!!–^*)@)*, ;]jf sfof{noM ag]kf–*,rfFbgL rf]s ^^)**& Od]n M Info@peoplessaccos.org.np, peoplessaccos@gmail.com,

**

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

jif{ @% c+s $( @)&^ c;f]h #) ut] ljxLjf/

;fd'bflos ;fsf];df v'zL la1fg sfo{qmd

kgf}tL÷;fd'bflos art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln kgf}tL $, 6f}vfnn] cfkm\gf ;~rfns, n]vf tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ;ldlt, pk;ldlt tyf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ nlIft u/L Ps lbg] v':fL lj1fg ;DalGw sfo{s|d cfof]hgf u/]sf] 5 .

g]kfn art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+3sf s]lGb|o ;+3 ln= -g]km\:s'g_ sf ;+~rfns ;b:o tyf k|b]z g+ # art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= sf cWoIf p4j ;fksf]6fn] pb\3f6g ug'{ ePsf] sfo{s|ddf ;+:yfsf cWoIf k|sfz aGhf/fn] :jfut

dGtJo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . hLjg lj1fgsf k|lzIfsx? k|lts zdf{n] ;+sNksf] la1fg / Wofgsf] la1fg, /fduf]kfn ltjf/Ln] rqm la1fg, lutf d}gfnLn] ;'dw'/ ;DjGwsf] la1fg, p4j yfkfn] k[i7kf]if0f tyf sLt{ g f] T ;jsf af/] d f ;} 4 flGts tyf Jojxfl/s kIfsf] k|lzIf0f lbg' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;+:yfsf cWoIf k|sfz jGhf/fn] ;+:yfsf] tkm{jf6 k|lzIfsx?nfO{ k|z+;f kq tyf dfofsf] lrgf] k|bfg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ;+:yfsf ;lrj d's'Gb zdf{n] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . cfkm" :j:Yo x'g'kg]{, cfkm" /x] dfq ;dfhdf of]ubfg ug{ ;lsg] ePsf]n] :j:Yo /xg] ljlwx?sf] af/]df Wofgfsif{0f ePsf], sfo{qmdn] ;xefuLx?sf] ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] ljsf; u/]sf] / ;xefuLx?sf] pTkfbsTj a[l4 ePsf] tyf ;+:yfsf] nIo k|fKtLsf nflu yk phf{ k|fKt ePsf] k|lts[of ;xefuLx?n] hgfpg' ePsf] lyof] .

r]i6f ;fKtflxs vf]hLvf]hL k9f}+

>L af;8f]n ;fd'bflos ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]kf !@, af;8f]n

xflb{s awfO{ tyf z'esfdgf

t]x|f}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DaGwL ;"rgf o; ;+:yfsf] ldlt @)&^÷)%÷!$ ut] a;]sf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{o cg';f/ pNn]lvt k|Ztfjx?df 5nkmn u/L lg0f{o ug{ lgDg ldlt, :yfg / ;dodf !# cf}F jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef x'g] ePsf] x'Fbf ;Dk"0f{ z]o/ ;b:o Ho"x?nfO{ clgjfo{ pkl:yltsf] nflu ljgd| cg'/f]w ub{5f}F . sfo{qmd ldlt M @)&^ sflQs !^ ut] zlgaf/ ;do M lbpF;f] 7Ls !)M)) ah] . :yfg M ;fd'bflos ejg, af;8f]n sfe|]knf~rf]s .

5nkmnsf ljifox? M !_ cf=j= )&%÷)&^ sf] ;lrjsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg tyf cf=j=)&^÷)&& sf] sfo{qmd kfl/t ;DaGwdf . @_ cf=j= )&%÷)&^ sf] sf]iffWoIfsf] cfly{s k|ltj]bg / cf=j=)&^÷)&& sf] cg'dflgt ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd . #_ cf=j=)&%÷)&^ sf] n]vf tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f ;ldltsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg kfl/t ;DaGwdf . $_ cf=j= )&%÷)&^ sf] jflif{s n]vf k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg kfl/t ;DaGwdf . %_ ljlgod ;+;f]wg ;DaGwdf . ^_ cf=j= )&^÷)&& sf] nflu n]vf k/LIfs lgo'lQm / kfl/>lds tf]Sg] ;DaGwdf . &_ ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{o k'l:tsfdf x:tfIf/ ug{ k|ltlglw lgo'lQm ug]{ ;DaGwdf . *_ ljljw .

;]tLb]jL b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= /ljcf]kL, sfe|]sf] !( cf}+ ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 ;+rfns ;ldltsf] cWoIf rt'e{'h ltdlN;gf, pkfWoIf lg/~hg u]nfn, ;lrj ;'lgtf ;fksf]6f, sf]iffWoIf w'j{k|;fb rf}+nfufO{ / ;b:ox?df an/fd rf}+nfufO{, clZjgLs'df/ rf}+nfufO{, ch{'g Gof}kfg], ljb'/ sf]O/fnf, tf]ogfy 3f]/;fOg], l;tf k/fh'nL sf]O/fnf, kfj{tL Gof}kfg] Pj+ n]vf ;'kl/j]If0f ;ldltsf] ;+of]hs s[i0faxfb'/ 9'+ufgf ;b:ox?df a;Gtk|;fb rf}+nfufO{ / lvsk|;fb uf}td lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf]df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub{} sfo{sfn k"0f{ ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

Hffgsf/Lsf nflu M !=;fwf/0f ;efdf cfkm} pkl:yt x'g] ;b:ox?nfO{ ? @(% df lgodfg';f/ s/ s§L u/L kl/jxg vr{ pknAw u/fOg] 5 . @= pkl:ylt k'l:tsf @)&^ sflQs !^ ut] ljxfg !)M)) ah] b]lv v'Nnf ul/g] 5 . #= ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lbg gofF ;b:otf lng] ;b:onfO{ kl/jxg vr{ pknAw u/fOg] 5 . $= @)&^ cflZjg dlxgf ;Ddsf] lgoldt dfl;s art a'emfPsf] x'g'kg]{5 .

Gff]6M;Dk"0f{ z]o/ ;b:o dxfg'efjx?nfO k|ltj]bg k7fO;lsPsf] 5 olb k|ltj]bg k|fKt gePdf o;} ;"rgfnfO{ cfwf/ dflg ;fydf kl/ro v'Ng] kl/ro kq, kf;a's jf z]o/ k|df0fkq Nofpg' x'g ;"lrt ul/G5 .

-/fds[i0f s'Fj/_ ;lrj

xflb{s awfO{ tyf z'esfdgf rt{'e'h ltdlN;gf cWoIf

lg/~hg u]nfn pkfWoIf

tf]ogfy 3f]/;fOg] ;b:o

;'lgtf ;fksf]6f ;lrj

w'j{k|;fb rf}+nfufO{ sf]iffWoIf

l;tf k/fh'nL sf]O/fnf ;b:o

kfj{tL Gof}kfg] ;b:o

an/fd rf}+nfufO{ clZjgLs'df/ rf}nfufO{ ;b:o ;b:o

s[i0f a= 9'+ufgf n]vf;ldlt ;+of]hs

ch{'g Gof}kfg] ;b:o

a;Gt k|= rf}+nfufO{ ;b:o

ljb'/ sf]O/fnf ;b:o

lvsk|;fb uf}td ;b:o

;]tLb]jL b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= /ljcf]kL, sfe|]sf] !( cf}+ ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 ;+rfns ;ldltsf] cWoIf rt'e{'h ltdlN;gf, pkfWoIf lg/~hg u]nfn, ;lrj ;'lgtf ;fksf]6f, sf]iffWoIf w'j{k|;fb rf}+nfufO{ / ;b:ox?df an/fd rf}+nfufO{, clZjgLs'df/ rf}+nfufO{, ch{'g Gof}kfg], ljb'/ sf]O/fnf, tf]ogfy 3f]/;fOg], l;tf k/fh'nL sf]O/fnf, kfj{tL Gof}kfg] Pj+ n]vf ;'kl/j]If0f ;ldltsf] ;+of]hs s[i0faxfb'/ 9'+ufgf ;b:ox?df a;Gtk|;fb rf}+nfufO{ / lvsk|;fb uf}td lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf]df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub{} sfo{sfn k"0f{ ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ . x/Lx/ clwsf/L k|aGws

lbks 9f]8f/L ;xfos k|aGws

bof;fu/ rf}+nfufO{ s[i0fk|;fb rf}+nfufO{ k|f= ;x Joj:yfks k|f= ;x Joj:yfks

6+sk|;fb 3f]/f;fOg] rfxgf ;fksf]6f rf}+nfufO{ k|f= Joj:yfks ;x n]vfkfn ;'lgtf tfdfª sfof{no ;xof]uL

/fhf/fd bfxfn ;x 8]/L AjfO{

;'sb]j 9'+ufgf ;x 8]/L AjfO{

lbk]z clwsf/L sDKo'6/ ck/]6/

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;]tLb]jL b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= sd{rf/L kl/jf/ w'lnv]n g=kf= @, /lj, sfe|]

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r]i6f ;fKtflxs

;]ltb]jL ;xsf/Ldf k'gM rt{'e'hsf] g]t[Tj

/lj, w'lnv]n ;] l tb] j L b' U w pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf lnld6]8n] aflif{s !% nfv (( xhf/ ln6/ b'Uw ;s+ng u/L ljqmL u/]sf] 5 . * ;o !& z]o/ ;b:o dWo] @& xhf/ (# ln6/ b'Uw ljqmL u/L pTs[i6 s[ifssf ?kdf huGgfy 9'+ufgf gub ;lxt ;Ddflgt ePsf 5g\ . !( cf} aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efn] k'gM lglj{/f]w rt'e{'h ltdlN;gfsf] cWoIftfdf rf/ jif{sf nflu k'/fg} sfo{ ;ldlt lgjf{lrt u/]sf] 5 . ;ldltsf] pkfWoIfdf lg/~hg u]nfn, ;lrj ;'lgtf ;fksf]6f, sf]iffWoIf w'|j{k|;fb rf}nfufO{ /x]sf 5g\ . To:t} ;b:odf clZjgLs'df/ rf}nfufO{, an/fd rf}nfufO{, ch{'g Gof}kfg], ljb'/ sf]O{/fnf, tf]ofgfy 3f]/f;fO{g], l;tf k/fh'nL sf]O{/fnf / kfj{tL Gof}kfg] /x]sf 5g\ . n]vf ;'k/Lj]If0f ;ldltdf ;+of]hs s[ i 0faxfb' / 9' + u fgf / ;b:ox?df a;Gtk|;fb rf}nfufO{ / lvsk|;fb uf}td /x]sf 5g\ . ;efdf w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf pkk|d'v Pj+ sfo{jfxs k|d'v ljdnf zdf{ rf}nfufO{n] pTs[i6 s[ifs, h]i7 gful/s, sd{rf/L / P;O{O{ plt0f{nfO{ ;Ddfg u/]sL lyO{g\ . ;xsf/Ln] x/]s lbg ljxfg / a]n'sf b'Uw ;+sng ub{} cfPsf] 5 . k'z ljdf dfkm{t kz' Ifltsf] Iflt pknAw u/fpg ;Ifd ePsf] atfpFb} cWoIf rt{'e'h ltdlN;gfn] s[ifsnfO{ kz' cfxf/ tyf /;folgs dn pknAw u/fPsf] atfP . ;xsf/L lzIff lzlj/ ;+rfng, kz' vf]k / s[lqd uef{wfg tyf ljdf sfo{nfO{ ;+:yfn] lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] pkfWoIf lg/G~hg u]nfnn] hfgsf/L lbP . :jR5 b'Uw kbfy{ pTkfbg tyf plrt d'No k|fKtLsf nflu ;+:yfn] cfufdL lbgdf gofF sfo{qmd ug{ of]hgf agfPsf] cWoIf ltdlN;gfn] atfP . ;efsf] aGb ;qdf cWoIf ltdlN;gfn] cfufdL rf/ jif{ leq k|To]s z]o/ ;b:osf] ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 lgz'Ns ! nfv ?k}ofsf] hLjg ljdf ug{], z]o/ ;b:osf] lgwg ePdf pgsf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?nfO{ lsl/of afkt !) xhf/ pknAw u/fO{g], ;+:yfs} nufgLdf aflif{s b'O{ hgf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ kz' k|fljlws lzIff cWoog u/fO{g] nufotsf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug{] atfP . ;fy} o'jfx?nfO{ a}b]lzs /f]huf/ hfgaf6 /f]Sg Aoj;foLs kz'kfng tyf s[lif kmfd{sf nflu cfjZos ;xof]u ug{] ltdlN;gf atfP . kz'kfns s[ifsnfO{ Aoj;flos kz'kfng tkm{ cfs{lift u/fpg],

Aoj;foLs ?kdf kz'kfng ug{ rfx]df s[ifs ;b:on] kfpg] C0fsf] Aofhdf ! k|ltzt 5'6 lbg], ;+:yf cfkm} jf ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yf;Fusf] ;xsfo{ u/L pBf]udf b'Uw kbfy{ pTkfbg tyf ljqmL ljt/0f ug{], :jf:Yo lzlj/ ;+rfng ug{] nufotsf of]hgf /x]sf] pkfWoIf u]nfnn] hfgsf/L lbP . /fli6«o, If]lqo / :yfgLo :t/af6 k6s k6s ;Ddflgt eO{ k'/:sf/ k|fKt u/]sf] ;xsf/Ln] & s/f]8 #( nfv ^( xhf/ # ;o ( sf] b'Uw vl/b u/L & s/f]8 %% nfv *( xhf/ @ ;o #$ sf] b'w ljqmL u/]sf] 5 . kz' cfxf/ vl/b, /;folgs dn vl/b u/L s[ifsx?nfO{ ;x'lnot k|bfg u/]sf] ;xsf/Ln] !) s/f]8 #% nfv @) xhf/ cfDbfgL u/L !) nfv (# xhf/ ?k}of d'gfkmf u/]sf] 5 . ! s/f]8 #! nfv ^( xhf/ ( ;o z]o/ k'FhL /x]sf] 5 . ;lrj ;'lgtf ;fksf]6f, sf]iffWoIf w|'j{k|;fb rf}nfufO{, n]vf ;ldlt ;+of]hs s[i0faxfb'/ 9'+Ëfgfn] ;xsf/Ln] u/]sf] k|ultsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP . sfo{qmddf af]Nb}

gu/ pkk|d'v ljdnf zdf{ rf}nfufO{n] :yfgLo ;/sf/n] s[lif / kz'kfng If]qdf Aojf;flos nufgLsf nflu sfo{qmd z'? u/]sf] atfO{g\ . u'0f:t/Lo b'Uw pTkfbg;Fu} t/sf/L / cGo s[lif afnLx? ;'wf/;Fu} cfTdlge{/ / Aoj;foLs agfpg kxn ug{] pkk|d'v rf}nfufO{n] atfO{g\ . sfo{qmddf b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfgsf cfof]hgf k|d'v /fh]Gb|k|;fb clwsf/L, b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/Lsf s]lGb|o ;lrj l6sfaNwj ;fksf]6f, lhNnf e]6]/]lg/L c:ktfnsf k|d'v 8f= duf]nk|;fb zfx, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 sfe|] zfvf cWoIf df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf, lhNnf cWoIf gf/fo0f a8fn, j8f cWoIfx? /d]zk|;fb 3f]/;fO{g] / ch{'g Gof}kfg], o'jf tyf ;fgf Aoj;foL /f]huf/ sf]if lhNnf ;+of]hg ;ldltsf ;lrj dlgif 9'+ufgf, ;Nnfxsf/x? b]jk|;fb sf]O{/fnf, s]bf/ sf]O{/fnf, p4j rf}nfufO{, /fli6«o ;xsf/L a}s ag]kfsf k|d'v l;tf e§/fO{, b]p/fnL b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/Lsf /3'gfy uf}td nufotsf AolQmx?n] ;] l tb] j L ;xsf/Lsf pknAwLx?sf af/]df rrf{ u/]sf lyP . sfo{ q mddf h] i 7 ;b:o k"0f{k|;fb 9'+ufgf / r'qs'df/L sf]O{/fnf ;Ddflgt eP eg] P;O{O{ pTs[i6 ljBfyL{x? ;+lutf ltdlN;gf, ;'hg pkfWofo, kljqf ;fksf]6f, kjg sf]O{/fnf / z'lzn sf]O{/fnf ;Ddflg eP . To:t} cjsfz ePsf sd{rf/Lx? ch{'g u]nfn, s[i0fk|;fb kf}8\ofn, rGb|z]v/ b+ufn / d+un] tfdfªnfO{ ;Ddfg ;lxt ljbfO{ ul/Psf] lyof] .

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL hGd M @))&.!).@(

:juf{/f]x0fM @)&^.^.@!

:j= eQmnfn tf}hn] o; clhdf art tyf C[0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=sf ;b:o tyf ;++:yfsf ;b:ox? /lj tf}hn] tyf zlz tf}hn]sf k"hgLo lktf eQmnfn tf}hn] sf] c;dflos :juf{/f]x0f ePsf]n] d[tscfTdfk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt w}o{ wf/0f ug]{ zlQm O{Zj/n] k|bfg u?g egL xflb{s ;dj]bgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

lg/~hg h:kfp cWoIf

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efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

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:juf{/f]x0f @)&^.^.@$

:j= sb]f/gfy dxfh' xfd|f cfTdLo ldq s]bf/gfy dxfhs ' f] ;jf/L b'3{6gfdf k/L cNkfo"d} c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgdf >L dfO{ r08]Zj/Ln] w}o{wf/0f ug{] zlQm k|bfg u?g\ elg k|fy{gf ub{5f}+ . k"0f{ kf]6] a'4/Tg dfgGw/ ;'/]Gb| k|hfklt x]dGt/fh k|wfg huGgfy >]i7 /d]zsfhL >]i7 /fhs'df/ >]i7 /ljGb|eQm kf]6] hocf]d jfb] ljgos[i0f sfo:y ag]kf, sfe|]

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

clhdf art tyf C[0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kl/jf/ ag]kf –& , kmf]g g+= )!! ^^@*#*

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL hGd @))&.!).@( hGd @)@!.^.@!

:juf{/f]x0f @)&^.^.@!

:juf{/f]x0f @)&^.^.@!

:j= eQmnfn tfh } n] :j= zf/bfb]jL sdf{rfo{ xfd|f cfTdLo ldq ljsf; sdf{rfo{ tyf efO{x? l/sf; / ;/f]h sdf{rfo{sf] ddtfdoL dftf zf/bfb]jL sdf{rfos { f] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ . ;'/]Gb| z'4sf/ hos[i0f /+lht cd/ l;+ rf}w/L lbk]Gb| >]i7 afns[i0f >]i7

***

ej;fu/ /+lhtsf/ k"0f{;fu/ /+lhtsf/ ;'jf; >]i7 gj/fh du/ s[i0f pns lgd{n pns /fds[i0f zfSo /fd]Zj/ ef]l5ef]of led cfrfo{ e'k]Gb| >]i7

o; sDkgLsf z]o/ ;b:oåo /lj tf}hn] / zlz tf}hn]sf k"hgLo lktf eQmnfn tf}hns ] f] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]n] d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ zf]s ;GtKt kl/jf/hgdf xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

cfTdf/fd yfkf lgb{]zs tyf

u0f]z lxdfn t/fO{ oftfoft ;]jf sDkgL k|f=ln kl/jf/ s]lGb|o sfof{no, ag]kf, sfe|]

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jif{ @% c+s $( @)&^ c;f]h #) ut] ljxLjf/

sd{rf/L cfjZostf bf]>f] k6s k|sflzt ldlt M @)&^.^.#) g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf zfvfsf nflu s/f/ ;]jfdf sfof{no ;xof]uL kb l/Qm /x]sfn] b]xfosf] of]Uotf k'u]sf OR5's g]kfnL gful/sx?af6 /Ltk"j{s b/vf:t cfJxfg ul/G5 . b/vf:t;fy cfkm"n] k|fKt u/]sf z}lIfs of]Uotf, cg'ej, g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqsf k|ltlnlk, @ k|lt kmf]6f] / cBfjlws JolQmut ljj/0f ;+nUg u/L of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] & lbgleq g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L sfe|] lhNnf zfvf sfof{no ;do leq k]z ug{ ;"lrt ul/G5 . cfj]bg k]z ug{] clGtd lbg ;fj{hlgs ljbf k/]df ;f]sf] ef]lnkN6 cfj]bg ug{ ;lsg]5 . Dofb gf3L cfPsf] / /Lt gk'u]sf] b/vf:tpk/ s'g} sf/jfxL x'g]5}g . k|fKt cfj]bg dWo]af6 ;"rL ;+If]kLs/0f u/L df}lvs kl/Iffsf nflu ;Dks{ ul/g]5 . tna, eQf tyf cGo ;]jf ;'ljwf / zt{ cfk;L ;dembf/Ldf to ul/g]5 . lj1fkg g+= ! kb M sfof{no ;xof]uL ;]jf÷;+Vof M k|zf;g÷!-Ps_ pd]/ M !* b]lv #% jif{;Dd Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf M bzd\ sIff pQL0f{ jf~5gLo of]Uotf M ;DalGwt sfo{df cg'ej ePsfx?nfO{ ljz]if u|fXotf lbOg]5 . kl/Iff b:t'/ M @)).–

g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L emfFsL k|bz{g ul/Psf] lyof] . kfFrvfn ahf/ kl/qmdf u/L dxf]T;j :yn k'u]sf] pQm ¥ofnL kl5sf] ;efdf k|b]z ;ef ;b:o nId0f nD;fn, gu/kflnsf k|d'v dx]z v/]n, pkk|d'v nIdL bg'jf/, ljleGg If]qsf AolQmx?n] ;Daf]wg ug{' ePsf] lyof] . dxf]T;jdf Ps ;o eGbf w]/} :6n /flvPsf 5g\ . kfFrvfn o'gfO6]8 km'6an Pzf]l;P;gn] b]zAofkL v'Nnf cfdGq0f km'6an k|ltof]lutf @)^(, k|yd gu/ sk @)&!, k'kmf a[xQ ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd @)&!, kfFrvfn a[xQ ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd @)&^, k|yd kfFrvfn dxf]T;j @)&! cfof]hgf ul/;s]sf] ;lrj hLjg g]kfnn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . bf]>f] kfFrvfn dxf]T;jsf ;+of]hs ;d]t /xg' ePsf g]kfnn] v]ns'b ljsf;df o''jf cleofg, s[lif, ;+:s[lt / ko{6g k|j4{g kfFrvfn dxf]T;jsf] klxrfg eGg] d'n gf/fsf ;fy kfFrvfn gu/kflnsfsf] ;xsfo{ Pj+ kfFrvfn pBf]u afl0fHo ;+3sf ;Nnfxdf dxf]T;j cfof]hgf u/]sf] atfpg' eof] . sfo{qmddf Snasf pkfWoIf k|tfk nfdf, /f]zg af]nv] nufotn] kfFrvfn dxf]T;jsf] dxTjsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] .

ljBfnosf] ================== ;'gfO{Psf] lyof] . km};nf lj?4 ;'GtnL ;ls{gLn] k'g/fj]bg lgj]bg cbfntdf @)#^ kmfu'g #) ut] lbPsL lyO{g\ . cbfntsf] km};nf nufotsf ;a} sfuhft k"/f ePkl5 dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]n] @)#( c;f]h !) ut] hUuf btf{ u/L k|df0fk'hf{ lbg] lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] . h;df lsQf gDj/ !## df (–*–#–! k};f le/, lsQf gDj/ !#$ df &–@–!–! / lsQf gDj/ !@& df (–%–@–! le/ hUuf btf{ u/L nfnk'hf{ ljBfnosf] gfddf sfod ul/Psf] lyof] . zDe'axfb'/ yfkfn] d'2f k}/jL rln/x]s} ;dodf @)#! ;fn c;f/ !( ut] lsQf gDj/ !@& sf] hUuf lsQfsf] xs cfkm\gf] gfddf hUufwgL sfod u/L hUUff btf{ u/]sf lyP . ;f] k|df0fk'hf{ dfnkf]t sfof{non] @)#( c;f]h !) ut] vf/]h u/]g . ljBfnosf] gfddf nfnk'hf{ agfO{lbof] . zDe'axfb'/sf] gfdsf] lsQf / nfnk'hf{ ;d]t sfod /flvlbof] . cbfntn] d'2f x/fO{lbPsf] zDe'axfb'/nfO{ hfgsf/L lyof] t/ klg pgL r'krfk a;] . @)%% ;fn k'if @% ut] zDe'axfb'/ yfkfn] efO{x? s]zj yfkf / af;'b]j yfkf ;d]tnfO{ lsQf gDj/ !@& sf] hUufaf6 as;kq u/L lsQfsf6 u/L lbP . s]zj yfkfsf gfddf lsQf gDj/ !#$( sfod eof] eg] af;'b]j yfkfsf] gfddf !#%) / !#%! lsQf sfod eof] . zDe'axfb'/ yfkfnfO{ lsQf gDj/ !#%@ sfod u/L hUuf afs F L /flvof] . lsQf gDj/ !#$( df !) cfgf, !#%! df @ /f]kgL & cfgf ! k};f, !#%) df # /f]kgL @ cfgf hUuf sfod ePsf] lyof] . afs F L hUuf !#%@ df /x\of] . rf/j6f lsQf dWo]sf cfkm\gf] gfddf ePsf b'O{ lsQf s]zjaxfb'/ yfkfn] @)&$ ;fn h]i7 !! ut] nIdL k|;fO{nfO{ ljqmL u/] . km]/L @)&^ ;fn ;fpg @& ut] af;'b]j yfkfsf] gfdsf] lsQf gDj/ !#%! sf] hUuf pg} nIdL k|;fO{ k|f]kfO{6/ /x]sf] 6]Dknl6« 8]enk;{ k|fln sf7df8f} dxfgu/kflnsf ! sf gfddf vl/b u/] . ^ /f]kgL # cfgf ! k}};f ljBfnosf] hUuf nIdL k|;fO{n] vl/b u/] . pgn] vl/b u/]sf] s]zjaxfb'/ yfkfsf] gfdsf] b'O{ lsQf hUuf nIdL k|;fO{n] s}nfz ljsf; a}+s d+unahf/ nlntk'/sf gfddf /f]Ssf /fvL @ s/f]8 C0f l:js[t u/fP . ljBfno Aoj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf xl/eQm >]i7 / dfnkf]t sfof{non] tTsfn a}+snfO{ hfgsf/L u/fP ;uF} /sd n}hfg gkfPsf] atfO{Psf] 5 . gfkL sfof{no sfe|]n] klg pQm lsQfnfO{ ljBfnosf] gfddf btf{ ePsf] cj:yfdf klg k6s k6s lsQfsf6 ul/ lbPsf] 5 . nIdL k|;fO{n] pQm If]qdf s]lx dlxgf cl3 b]lv g} pQm If]qdf Knl6Ë ul//x]sf lyP . ;fj{hlgs / ljBfnosf] ;d]t hUuf Knl6Ë ubf{ pgnfO{ :yfgLon] k6s k6s /f]s]sf lyP . ljBfnon] ;d]t k6s k6s af]nfpbFf plg 5nkmndf cfPgg\ . ljBfnon] cfkm\gf] If]qsf] hUufsf] l;df+sg 5'§ofpg uf8]sf] l;d]G6sf] kf]n ;d]t 5}g . hUuf Knl6Ë ubf{ ;+lwof/sf] ;d]t ;xdlt lnPsf] 5}g . Knl6Ë ubf{ y'kfl/Psf] df6f]n] tnlt/ /x]sf]] v]t ;a} k'l/Psf] 5 . dgnfUbL af6f] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . @)&^ ebf} @% ut] ag]kf gu/kflnsfn] ljBfno Aoj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf xl/eQm >]i7nfO{ lgo'lQm u¥of] .

Tolta]nf gu/ k|d'v nIdLg/l;+ afb] ljBfnosf] ejg, hUuf cjnf]sg ug{ hfg] ;do ldnfP kl5 xl/eQmn] ljBfnosf] gfddf ePsf] nfnk'hf{sf] gS;f lgsfNg gflk sfof{no hfbFf dfq} yfxf kfP . ljBfnosf] gfddf ePsf] ;a} hUuf Knl6Ë eO{;s]sf] /x]5 . ljBfno Aoj:yfkg ;ldltn] To; cl3 ljBfnosf] hldgnfO{ ;d]t c;/ kg{] u/L Knl6Ë u/]sf] ljifodf /f]Sg / 5nkmn ug{ nIdL k|;fO{nfO{ k6s k6s af]nfpbFf ;d]t gcfPsf] tTsflng cWoIf OZj/nfn wf}uf]8fn] atfP . k|;fO{n] pQm hUuf k|lt cfgf tLg nfvdf vl/b u/L !% nfv ?k}ofdFf ljqmL ug{ z'? u/]sf 5g\ . ljBfno / ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ !# n] bf]xf]/f] >]:tf x6fO{ lbg' x'g eGb} dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]snfO{ @)&^ c;f]h * ut] kq n]v]sf 5g\ . j8f sfof{non] @)&^ ;fpg dlxgfdf lsQf gDj/ !@& af6 lsQfsf6 ePsf] !#%) gDj/ lsQf kf; ug{ nIdL k|;fO{ dfkm{t sDkgLsf gfddf 3/af6f] l;kmfl/; lbPsf] lyof] . ljBfno / j8f sfof{nosf] kq uP;uF} dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]n] s}nfz ljsf; a}+s, d+unahf/, nlntk'/, 6]Dknl6« 8]enk;{ k|fln sf7df8f} dxfgu/kflnsf !, nIdL k|;fO{ zlg:r/] & emfkf / zDe'axfb'/

yfkf hgfufnsf gfddf @)&^ c;f]h !) ut] !% lbg] kq sf6]sf] 5 . ;f]lx hUufsf] bf]xf]/f] >]:tf x6fpg tkm{ sf/jfxL ug{] / sf/jfxLsf] 6'Ëf] gnfu'~h]n;Dd pk/f]Qm lsQf hUufx? dfnkf]t P]g @)#$ sf] bkm -*_ adf]lhd /f]Ssf /fVg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]n] ljBfnosf] hUuf s;}n] vl08s/0f ug{ g;Sg] atfPsf] 5 . k|d'v dfnkf]t clws[t zflns/fd cfrfo{n] @)#( ;fndf e'njz >]:tf gsfl6Psf sf/0f bf]xf]/f] >]:tf sfod /xg uPsfn] lsQf gDj/ !@& ljqmL ljt/0f ePsf] atfP . t/ ljBfnosf] gfddf /x]sf] lsQf gDj/ !@& s;}n] ljqmL ljt/0f ug{ g;Sg] cbfntsf] km};nf ePsfn] pQm hUufsf] bf]xf]/f] >]:tf vf/]hsf] k|s[of z'? ePsf] cfrfo{n] hfgsf/L lbP . dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]n] ljBfnosf] gfddf btf{ ePsf] hUuf zDe'axfb'/ yfkfsf gfddf klxnf] btf{ ePsf] >]:tf sfof{noaf6 vf/]h ug{ e'n ePaf6 ;fljs ;fuFf ! lsQf gDj/ !@& sf] If]qkmn (–%–@–! sf] hUuf bf]xf]/f] btf{ >]:tf sfod ePsf] b]lvPsf] atfPsf] 5 . hUuf as; ul/lbPsf zDe'axfb'/n] efO{x?nfO{ c+z jfkt hUUff as; u/L lbPsf] hUuf cfkm\gf] ePsf] bfjL u/] . @)@@ ;fndf vl/b u/]sf] hUuf ljBfnonfO{ hUuf bfg u/]sf] atfpbF} yfkfn] !@& gDj/ lsQfdf st} emul8of ghlgPsf] / cfkm'n] gfkL x'Fbfsf avt gkfP/ hUuf wgL k'hf{ ;d]t agfPsf] atfP . lhNnf cbfntdf d'2f rNbf !#& gDj/ lsQfdf d'2fdf rn]sf] eP klg afUdtL c~rn cbfntdf !@& gDj/ lsQfdf km};nf ePsf] zDe'axfb'/ yfkfn] atfP . …cbfnt / dfnkf]tsf] q'6Lsf] lzsf/ xfdL eof}+Ú–pgn] eg]–…cbfntsf] q'6L lj?4 k'gM cbfnt hfg] tof/Ldf 5' .Ú @)#% ;fndf ePsf] cbfntsf] km};nfdf !@& gDj/ lsQf eGg] hfgsf/L gePsf] yfkfn] atfP . ljBfnosf] afs F L ePsf] b'O{ lsQf hUuf zDe'axfb'/sf] kl/jf/n] ef]urng ul//x]sf] 5 . To; afkt ljBfnon] s]lx kfpbF}g .

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g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L sfe]|knf~rf]s lhNnf zfvf cfk"lt{sf] nflu lznaGbL af]nkq cfJxfgsf] ;"rgf bf]>f] k6s k|sflzt ldlt @)&^.)^.#) ut] g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L] sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf zfvaf6 ;~rflnt ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;dfj]zL ljkb hf]lvd Go"lgs/0f sfo{qmdsf nflu tklzndf pNn]lvt ;fdfu|Lx? 6]G8/ k|lqmof af6 v/Lb ug{'kg]{ ePsf]n] O{R5's O{hfht kq k|fKt af]nkqbftfx? af6 tn pNn]lvt ;t{x?sf] clwgdf /lx /Ltk'j{s lznaGbL af]nkq k]z ug{ of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . tklzn M

kf]N6«L ljz]if 8f= u0f]z aGhf/f

s'v'/fdf ljiff0f'af6 pTkGg s]lx /f]ux?af/] hfgsf/L Information about the some Viral Diseases in Poultry !_ OGkm]lS;o; a|f]GsfOl6; (IB)

Infectious bronchitis (IB) tLj| clg ;+qmfds /f]usf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 . Jofj;flos s'v'/f kfngdf cfly{s Iflt u/fpg ;Sg] o; /f]un] Zjf; k|Zjf; ;DaGwL /f]usf ;fy} d[uf}nfsf] sf]ifnfO{ Iflt ub{5 . IB /f]u sf]/f]gf ljiff0f' (Corona Virus) n] nufpg] ub{5 . s]xL kG5Lx?df of] /f]un] ;fdfGo nIf0f b]vfp5 . ljz]if u/]/ c08f pTkfbgsf nflu kflnPsf n]o;{ / Kof/]G6x?df c08fsf] ;fdfGo cfsf/ ljuf/L rfp/L k/]sf] c08f lg:sGf'sf ;fy} a|f]On/df klg ;d:of b]vfp5 . IB sf ljiff0f'x? ;+qmldt kG5Lsf ¥ofn ;'nLdf k|z:t dfqfdf kfOG5g\ . Psaf6 csf]{ kG5Ldf /f]u xfjfsf] dfWodaf6 / ;+qmldt bfgf—kfgL, ;+qmldt bfgfsf lkm8/—l8ªs/ / sk8fx? af6 ;g{ ;S5 . k|fs[lts ?kdf IB sf] ;+qmldt ePsf] kG5L jf hLljt IB vf]k nufPsf] kG5Ldf @) xKtf;Dd ljiff0f'x? /lx/x]sf x'G5g . o; ljiff0f'n] z/L/ leq k|j]z kZrft /f]u nufpg] cjlw @$ –$* 306fsf] /xG5 eg] /f]u nfu]sf] s'v'/fn] #–% lbgdf cToflws ljiff0f'x? ¥ofn / ;'nL dfkm{t aflx/L jftfj/0fdf lgsfN5g . /f]usf] uDeL/tfdf cfwf/df ljiff0f'sf] :6«]g, s'v'/fsf] pd]/, /f]u k|lt/f]wfTdszlQmsf] l:ylt, cfxf/f ?lrsf] l:ylt / lr;f]af6 pTkGg x'g] tgfjx? kb{5g . cem of] /f]u ;+u} ;+qmd0f ug]{df dfOsf]KnfHdf Uofln;]lK6sd (Mycoplasma gallisepicum), dfOsf]KnfHdf ;fOgf]leO (Mycoplasma synoviae), O sf]nfO{ / PleJofS6]l/od Kof/fUofnLg]/d (Avibacterium paragallianarum) kb{5g\ . @_ uDaf/f] uDaf/f] /f]u ;g\ !(^@ cd]l/sfsf] uDaf/f] l8nfjo]/ eGg] 7fpFdf klxnf] k6s b]lvPsf] lyof] . uDaf/f] /f]u la/gfle/]l8O{ (Biranaviridae) ;d"x cGt{/ut Plelj/gf (Avibirna virus) ljiff0f'n] nufpg] ;+qmfds /f]usf] ?kdf lnOG5 . uDaf/f]sf] ljiff0f' n fO{ @ efudf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 . Pp6f ; f w f / 0 f (IBDV) 5 eg] csf] { w] / } g} ;+qmfds uDaf/]f (Very virulent IBDV) /x]sf] 5 . w]/} g} ;+sf|ds u D a f / f ] (vvIBDV) n] cfkm\gf] ?k kl/jt{g ul/ w]/} g} s8f /f]u nufO{ cfly{s gf]S;fgL u/fpg ;S5g\ . ljz]iful/ # b]lv ^ xKtf;Ddsf] x's{b} u/]sf] rNnfx?df of] /f]u nfUg] ;Defjgf a9L /xG5 . of] /f]un] /f]u k|lt/f]wfTds zlQm 36fpg] x'gfn] PskN6 /f]u b]lvPsf] kmd{df af/Daf/ c? /f]ux?sf] ;+qmd0fx?df h:t} dfOsf]KnfHdf, ;fNdf]g]nf, slS;l8of]l;; cflb klg b]lv/xg ;S5 . of] /f]un] /f]u k|lt/f]wfTds zltm a9fpg] s'v'/fsf] jiff{ k]mlA/s;df (Bursa of Fabricius) ePsf] Lymphoid Tissue d'Vo c;/ ub{5 . #_ /fgLv]t /fgLv]t /f]u kG5L ju{df 3/df kflng] s'v'/f / h+unL kG5Lx?df ;+qmd0f /f]usf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 . ;g !(@^ df OG8f]g]l;ofsf] hfjf eGg] 7fFpdf klxnf] k6s /fgLv]t kQf nfu]sf] lyof] eg] !*(* tfsf pQ/ klZrd :s6NofG8df w]/} kG5Lx?sf] gfz o;} /f]uaf6 ePsf] lyof] elg cg'dfg ul/Psf] lyof] . a8{ ˆn' ;+u ldNbf] h'Nbf] of] /f]un] dflg;df klg cfFvfsf] ;+qmd0f ug{'sf ;fy} OGˆn'Ghf h:t} nIf0fx? b]vfp5g\ . kf/fldS;f] ljiff0f' ( Paramyxo virus) af6 nfUg] of] /f]usf] ljiff0f'x? l;+un :6«f08]8 (single stranded RNA virus) ljiff0f' x'g . k|fo w]/} b]zx?df o;sf] ;+qmd0f aif{ el/g} b]lvg] u/]sf] 5 . /fgLv]tsf ljiff0f'x? b'O{ efudf juL{s/0f ul/Psf] 5 . e]nf]h]lgs (Velogenic Strain) h'g Psbd vt/fgfs ?k x'G5 / w]/} s'v'/fsf] Iflt ub{5 . csf]{df d];f]h]lgs (Mesogenic) h'gsf] c;/ dWod vfnsf] x'G5 , o:t} n]G6f]h]lgs (Lentogenic) h;sf] c;/ Hofb} Go"g /xG5 . e]nf]h]lgs :6«]gn] (Velogenic Strain) :gfo" ;DalGw ;d:ofsf ;fy} Zjf;k|Zjf; ;DalGw ;d:ofx? b]vfp5 . o;n] rf8 F f] km}ng ;Sg] / () k|ltzt d[To'b/ u/fpg ;Sg] x'G5 . To:t} d];f]h]lgs :6«]gn] (Mesogenic) s'v'/fdf vf]sL nufpg] c08f pTkfbg 36fpg], c08fsf] u'0f:t/ sd u/fpg'sf ;fy} s'v'/fsf] !) k|ltzt hlt d[To' u/fpg ;S5 . n]G6f]h]lgs :6«]gn] (Lentogenic) ;fdfGo vfnsf] nIf0fx? b]vfp5 eg] d[To'b/ ;fdfGo /xg ;S5 . $_ a8{ ˆn' a8{ ˆn' vt/gfs /f]u ePsfn] kG5L tyf dfgj :jf:Yodf k|lts'n c;/ kfg{ ;S5 . Psbd rf8f] km}lng ;Sg] of] /f]un] Ps}rf]l6 Ps} 7fpFdf w]/} s'v'/f kmd{nfO{ ;+qmd0f ul/ cfly{s gf]S;fgL k'¥ofpg ;S5 . of] ljiff0f' @ j6f ?kdf kfOG5 . !_ HPAI (Highly Pathogenic Avain Influenza) h'g Psbd s8f ?kdf b]lvG5 . o;df w]/} lSnlgsn nIf0fx? b]vfp5g . @_ LPAI (Low Pathogenic Avain Influenza) h;df dWod tyf Zjf; k|Zjf; ;DaGwL nIf0fx? b]vfpF5g . a8{ ˆn' ;+qmd0f ug{ ;Sg] k|hfltx?df s'v'/f, xfF;, luh, 6sL{, lugL kmjn, sf]on, lkmh]G6;, k/]jf, sf]OnL / ljleGg h+unL kG5Lx?df kb{5g . o:tf kG5Lx?df ljiff0f'x?n] slxn] /f]usf nIf0fx? rf8} b]vfpg] t slxn] rf8} gb]vfO{ l/he{efo/sf] ?kdf /xL /f]u ;fg{ d2t ub{5g . %_ lnrL /f]u lnrL /f]u cyf{t Inclusion body hepatitis-Hydropericardium Syndrome (IBHHPS) s'v'/fsf] #–^ xKtfsf] pd/]df ;+qmd0f x'g] /f]ux? dWo] Ps dxTjk"0f{ /f]ux?df kb{5 . Pleog Pl8gf] efO/;af6 nfUg] of] /f]un] sn]hf] / d'6'nfO{ w]/} c;/ ub{5 . Pl;of tyf cd]l/sfdf ljBdfg o; /f]un] s'v'/f kfng Joj;fonfO{ a]nf a]nfdf hf]lvddf kf/]sf] kfOG5 . d'6' aflx/sf] hfnf]df w]/} kfgL hDg] / d'6'sf] cfsf/ af]qmf lgsflnPsf] lnrL h:t} b]lvg] x'gfn] o;nfO{ lnrL /f]u elgG5 . lnrL x6{ /f]u klxnf] k6s !(*& df kfls:tfgsf] s/frL glhs} /x]sf] ofguf]/f uf]y eGg] 7fpFdf l/kf{]l6ª ePsf] lyof] . To;kl5 O/fs, d]lS;sf], ef/t, OSj]8/, k]?, lrnL, hDa' sflZd/, kGhfa / lbNnLdf !(&$ df b]lvPsf] lyof] . To;}u/L g]kfndf klg klxnf] kN6 of] /f]u u'08' eGg] 7fpFdf b]lvPsf] lyof] . lnrL /f]u #–^ xKtfsf] rf8f] tf}n lng] s'v'/fdf -a|f]On/_ a9L b]lvG5 . ljz]iful/ lnrL x6{ /f]un] s'v'/fsf] sn]hf] ;'lGgg], /ª\u lkmSsf x'g] / sn]hf] Psbd sdnf] x'G5 eg] d'6'sf] aflx/L k§Lsf] hfnf]df (Pericardium) kfgL el/g] / el/Psf] kfgL k/fn /ªusf] x'g] h:tf /f]usf] ljz]iftf b]lvG5 . To:t} d[uf}nf /ftf] sfnf] x'G5 . a|f]On/df d[To'b/ &)–*) k|ltzt ;Dd /xg ;S5 eg] n]o{;df !) k|ltzt eGbf sd /xG5 . ^_ kmfpn kS; Kfmfpn kS; cfly{s lx;fjn] dxTjk"0f{ /f]usf] ?kdf lnOG5 . o;af6 c08f pTkfbgdf x|f; cfpg'sf ;fy} s'v'/fx?sf] d[To'b/ klg a9\5 . Psbd l9nf] ultdf km}lng] of] /f]un] KjfFvn] g9fs]sf] 5fnfsf efu h:t} l;p/, nf]tL, v'§fdf 3fp (Dry Pox ) agfpF5 / 3fp dfly s8f cfsf/sf] ;'Vvf kbfy{ (Crust) hDdf x'G5 . o:t} Wet Pox sf 3fpx? Zjf; gnL, Trachea / vfgf gnLdf b]lvG5g\ . Dry Pox sf] t'ngfdf Wet Pox Hofb} g} uDeL/ k|s[ltsf ?kdf dflgG5g h;n] %)–^) k|ltzt ;Dd EoflS;g gnufPsf Jofrdf d[To'b/ a9fpg ;S5 . o;sf ;fy ;fy} kl5 uP/ c08f pTkfbg 36\g] / x's{b} u/]sf rNnfsf] j[l4 ljsf; sd x'G5 . &_ Pleog OGkm]lS;P; Nof¥ofª\uf]6«fsfOl6; Pleog OGkm]lS;P; Nof¥ofª\uf]6«fsfOl6; /f]u s'v'/f tyf cGo kG5Lx?sf] Zjf; k|Zjf; ;DalGw /f]ux? dWo] Pp6f /f]udf kb{5 . ljZjel/ g} ljBdfg of] /f]un] s'v'/f pTkfbgdf k|ToIf Iflt u/]sf] kfOG5 . Gallid Herpes Virus, Type 1 laiff0f' af6 nfUg] of] /f]u Iltovirus ;d"xdf kb{5 . Zjf; k|Zjf; k|0ffnLdf o;sf] ljiff0f' /x]tf klg Trigeminal ganglia -:gfo'_ df ;'If'Kt cj:yfdf /xG5g . To;}n] oL ljiff0f'x? Zjf; k|Zjf; k|0ffnLdf afx]s z/L/sf] cGo c+udf klg kfOg ;Sg] x'G5g . Pleog OGkm]lS;P; Nof¥ofª\uf]6«fsfOl6; /f]unfO{ s'v'/fsf] cfFvfsf] sr]/f / Zjf; k|Zjf;af6 lg:s]sf l;ufgn] /f]u ;fg{ dxTjk"'0f{ e"ldsf v]Nb5 .

Pleog OGkm]lS;P; Nof¥ofª\uf]6«fsfOl6; /f]un] s'v'/fnfO{ dfq geO eu]/f, sf}jf, xfF;, k/]jf cflbnfO{ klg c;/ u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;af6 d[To'b/ a9\g], c08f pTkfbg 36\g], tf}n 36\g] / cGo /f]usf] ;+qmd0f a9\g ;Sg] hf]lvd x'G5 . /f]u ;g]{ dfWod ;+qmldt xft, h'Qmf, pks/0f, n'uf, ;jf/L ;fwg, ;'nL, d/]sf] kG5L, kG5Laf6 lg:s]sf] kmf]xf]/, /f]uaf6 lgsf] ePsf kG5Lx?n] /f]u ;fg{ d2t ub{5g . /f]syfd M h}ljs ;'/Iffdf ljz]if Wofg lbg'k5{ .

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL zt{x? M != ;fdfu|L cfk"lt{ ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] Ohfht k|fKt /lhi68{ kmd{ jf ;Knfo;{n] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] & cf}+ lbg -pQm lbg ;fj{hlgs ljbf k/]df To;sf] ef]lnkN6_ sfof{no ;do leq lhNnf zfvf ag]kfdf af][nkq vl/b tyf btf{ ug{ ;lsg]5 . @= lznaGbL af]nkq a'emfpFbf cfkm'n] sa'n u/]sf] c+ssf] @=%) k|ltzt /sd o; sfof{nosf] gfddf g]kfn a}s ln= ag]kfdf /x]sf] r=lx=g+= ))!%–!!–!^& df hDdf u/]sf] ;Ssn a+}s ef}r/ jf gubL /l;b sf6L gub zfvfdf hDdf ug'{kg]{ 5 . #= lznaGbL af]nkq vf]Nbf af]nkq bflvnf ug]{ af]nkq bftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglwsf] /f]xa/df o; lhNnf zfvfdf bflvnf u/]sf] clGtd ldltsf] ef]lnkN6 * cf+} lbg lbpF;f] !M)) ah] vf]lng] 5 . lznaGbL af]nkq vf]Nbf af]nkq bftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglw gePdf klg vf]Ng afwf kg]{ 5}g . $= vl/b ePsf jf]nkqdf tf]lsPsf] ldlt / Dofb, leq OsfO{ b//]6 :ki6 cÍ / cIf/ b'j}df e/L,cBfjlws gljs/0f ePsf] Joj;flos k|df0f kqsf] k|ltlnkL,cfGtl/s /fhZj sfof{nodf btf{ ePsf] :yfoL n]vf gDa/sf] k|ltlnkL cf=j=)&$÷)&% sf] s/r'Qmf ePsf] k|ltlnkL, @=%) k|ltzt /sdsf] ;Ssn a}+s ef}r/ tyf gubL /l;b ;+Nug ul/ lznjGbL nfxf5fk u/L zfvf sfof{no ag]kfdf btf{ u/fpg' kg]{5 . %= af]nkq kmf/d ?=@)).— gub lt/L g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L sfe|] zfvfsf] k|zf;gaf6 sfof{no ;doleq k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 . ^= lgwf{l/t 9fFrfdf k]z gul/Psf af]nkqnfO{ dfGotf lbOg]5}g . &= af]nkq kmf/fd :jLs[t ug]{ jf gug]{ ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ o; ;f];fO6Ldf ;'/lIft /xg]5 . *= af]nkq ;DalGw cGo hfgsf/Lsf] nflu g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6Lsf] sfof{no ;doleq ;Dks{ ug{ ;lsg]5 . (= ;fdu|Lsf] la:t[t :k]l;lkms]zg, ljj/0f tyf ;ªVof af]nkqdf pNn]v ul/g] 5 .

g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L, kmf]g g+= )!!—^^!$#!

sfe|] zfvf

hGd M @)@(.!@.@)

:juf{/f]x0fM @)&^.^.@$

:j= s]bf/gfy dxfh' oftfoft Joj;foL, s'zn rfns, Pj+ l;Gw' x]nDa' oftfoft ;]jf k|f=ln=sf ;+rfns s]bf/gfy dxfhs ' f] ;jf/L b'3{6gfdf k/L cNkfo"d} c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

j]bk|;fb l3ld/] cWoIf tyf

g]kfn oftfoft :jtGq dhb'/ ;+u7g kgf}tL ?6 OsfO{ ;ldlt kl/jf/ kgf}tL, sfe|]

!!

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

hGd @)@(.!@.@)

:juf{/f]x0f @)&^.^.@$

jif{ @% c+s $( @)&^ c;f]h #) ut] ljxLjf/

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

hGd !(*# j}zfv

:juf{/f]x0f @)&^ c;f]h !&

:j= lhtdfof knf~rfs ] ]

:j= sb]f/gfy dxfh' o; sDkgLsf s"zn rfns, Joj;foL Pj+ ;+rfns ;ldltsf ;b:o s]bf/ gfy dxfh' l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfsf] a8x/] ef]6f;Lkfaf6 sf7df8f}Ftkm{ cfpb} ubf{ lemNs] df]8 eGg] :yfgdf uf8L b'3f{6gf eO{ :juf{/f]x0f ePsf] / ;f]xL uf8L b'3{6gfdf k/]/ :juf{/f]x0f ePsf lx/f >]i7, ljgf]b nD;fn, l/t]if cfrfo{, ;+lutf ldhf/, ;ldtf >]i7, cg'z tfdfª, h'gfb]jL nD;fn, ldgf du/, ;'efif clwsf/L, ;'ldt k'sf]{6L / cl:dtf >]i7sf] cfTdfsf] rL/ zflGtsf] sfdgf ub}{ zf]s ;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt w}o{ wf/0f ug]{ zlQm k|bfg u?g\ egL O{Zj/;Fu k|fy{gf ub}{ xflb{s ;dj]bgf JoQm ub{5f}F . ;fy} ;f]xL b'3{6gfdf kl/ 3fO{t] x'g' ePsf lj/fdLx?sf] lz3| :jf:Yonfesf] nflu sfdgf ub{5f}F .

/fh]z s'df/ >]i7

tTsfnLg sfe|] ldlgj; ;]jf ;ldltsf k"j{ sf]iffWoIf xl/rGb| knf~rf]s]sf ddtfdoL dftf lhtdfof knf~rf]ss ] f] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgdf >L dfO{ r08]Zj/Ln] w}o{wf/0f ug{] zlQm k|bfg u?g\ elg k|fy{gf ub{5f}+ .

/fh]z;'Gb/ ;}+h"

sDkgL lgb]{zs

;+rfns cWoIf

;+rfnsx? /fh]Gb« k|;fb Jof~h' >]i7 Zofd s'df/ >]i7 …d08gÚ k'?iff]Qd dfgGw/ ljn axfb'/ >]i7 …/d]zÚ a'l¢bf; >]i7

kbd axfb'/ >]i7 ;'/]zeQm ef]l5ef]of t]haxfb'/ aflgofF …sfhLÚ /fh]z s'df/ >]i7 ;xb]j sd{rfo{

;+rfnsx? lq/Tg /+lht ;'lgn;'Gb/ >]i7 s[i0fnfn gsdL{

z'e/fh hf]zL sfof{no k|d'v

ldng eQm >]i7 k|d'v Joj:yfks

ljb'/ vqL xl/z/0f zfxL

/fh;'Gb/ /3' >]i7 gf/fo0fbf; >]i7 g/]Gb| xn'jfO{

l;Gw' x]nDa' oftfoft ;]jf k|f= ln= kl/jf/ ag]kf, sfe|]

sfe|] k'0ojtL oftfoft k|f=ln kl/jf/ ag]kf, sfe|]

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

P+j

hGd !(*# j}zfv hGd @)@(.!@.@)

:juf{/f]x0f @)&^.^.@$

:j= sb]f/gfy dxfh' o; ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=sf z]o/ ;b:o tyf ;+:yfsf z'elrGts s]bf/gfy dxfhs ' f] ;jf/L b'3{6gfdf k/L cNkfo"d} c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgdf >L dfO{ r08]Zj/Ln] w}o{wf/0f ug{] zlQm k|bfg u?g\ elg k|fy{gf ub{5f}+ . cd/gfy jfb] cWoIf

;b:ox? ;Gtgf /fhj+zL hoGb| jfb] lw/]Gb| kf]6] cf]ds[i0f jfb] wg]Zj/ ;'jfn

;'j0f{ >]i7 pkfWoIf

;'lgn -k|ofu_ jfb] sf]iffWoIf

o'un jfb] ;lrj

n]vf tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ;ldlt sfg"gL ;Nnfxsf/ sNof0fs[i0f jfb]–;+of]hs cf]dsfhL k|hfklt lbk]Gb| jfb]–;b:o /fdsfhL >]i7–;b:o ;Nnfxsf/ C0f pk ;ldlt g/]z >]i7 uh]Gb| kf]6]–;+of]hs lbkssd'f/ kf]6]–;b:o cGhgf kf]6]–;b:o

cGgk"0f{ art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=kl/jf/, ag]kf (, sfe|]

:juf{/f]x0f @)&^ c;f]h !&

:j= lhtdfof knf~rfs ] ] o; ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=sf k"j{ cWoIf tyf jt{dfg sfo{;ldlt ;b:o xl/rGb| knf~rf]s]sf ddtfdoL dftf lhtdfof knf~rf]ss ] f] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgdf >L dfO{ r08]Zj/Ln] w}o{wf/0f ug{] zlQm k|bfg u?g\ elg k|fy{gf ub{5f}+ .

gf/fo0fs[i0f >]i7 cWoIf ljh]z s'df/ kf]6] ;lrj af]wk|;fb tf}hn] cd[t/Tg zfSo z'e/fh zf]zL /ljGb| tfd|fsf/

ljZjgfy tf}hn] pkfWoIf ;b:ox? ;/f]h knf~rf]s] ;'/s[i0f j}B s[i0fuf]kfn e}n ;/f]h efn'

zfSo/Tg zfSo sf]iffWoIf ;'/]Gb| >]i7 c?0fsfhL j}B k|lj0fs[i0f sfo:y lw/h ef]l5ef]of

rl08sf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=kl/jf/, ag]kf, sfe|]

!@

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

jif{ @% c+s $( @)&^ c;f]h #) ut] ljxLjf/

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL hGd @))&.!).@(

:juf{/f]x0f @)&^.^.@!

:j= eQmnfn tfh } n]

xfd|f cfTdLo ldq tyf bfh' /lj tf}hn] tyf zlz tf}hn]sf k"hgLo lktf eQmnfn tf}hns ] f] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

;dL/ zfSo k|sfz >]i7 lw/h zfSo ;'ljGb| /fhe08f/L /ljGb| j}bf/ lj1fg wf}uf]8f

pd]z tf}hn] ;Gtf]if kf]6] >]i7 Ct' j0f{ zfSo cg'k tf}hn] ;'s]z zfSo ;'/]Gb| zfSo

lg/h zfSo dlgif ef]l5ef]of ;'/h knf~rf]s] ;'bfdf /fhjfxs pQd yfkf ;Gtf]if e08f/L

ag]kf, sfe|]

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL hGd @))&.!).@(

:juf{/f]x0f @)&^.^.@! :j= eQmnfn tfh } n]

o; ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=sf cWoIf /lj tf}hn] tyf ;+:yfsf ;b:o zlz tf}hn]sf k"hgLo lktf eQmnfn tf}hns ] f] :juf{/f]x0f ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

;ld/ zfSo pkfWoIf tyf

>L :jl:ts art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kl/jf/, ag]kf, sfe|]

!#

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

x]Nk g]kfn g]6js{df O{–nfO{a|]/L

kgf}tL ko{6g ljsf; s]Gb|n] u¥of] z'esfdgf cfbfg k|bfg kgf}tL÷kgf}tL ko{6g ljsf; s]Gb|n] ljhof bzdLsf] cj;/ kf/L z'esfdgf cfbfg k|bfg sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmddf k|yd kmf]6f] k|ltof]lutf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . ljhofbzdL, g]kfn ;Djt, ltxf/, 57 kj{sf] cfof]hgfdf e|d0f jif{ @)@) sf] kmf]6f] k|ltof]lutfsf] z'ef/De kgf}tL gu/kflnsfsf pkk|d'v lutf a~hf/fn] u/]sL lyO{g\ . kgf}tL ko{6g ljsf; s]Gbsf cWoIf /fh]Gb| dxfh'sf

w'lnv]n÷x]Nk g]kfn g]6js{ w'lnv]ndf aflnsfx? / ;d'bfosf nflu pkof]u x'g] u/L O–nfO{a|]/L z'?jft ul/Psf] 5 . nfO{a|]/Lsf] w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v czf]s Aof~h'n] Ps sfo{qmdsf aLr z'ef/De u/]sf x'g\ .

O–nfO{a|]/Ldf * j6f sDKo'6/ /flvPsf] 5 . h;af6 aflnsfx?n] sIff ! b]lv !) ;Ddsf kf7\oqmdx?sf] cWoogsf nflu ;xof]lu ;fdfu|Lsf ?kdf k|of]udf Nofpg ;Sg]5g\ eg] aflnsf / ;d'bfon]] cfkm} sDKo'6/ rnfpg hfGg] sDKo'6/ df:6/ /flvPsf] 5 . sDKo'6/ rnfpg cfkm} l;sfpg] u/L ;km\6j]o/ /flvPsf] 5 . ljlsldl8of, cf6{, lj1fgsf ;fdfu|Lx? klg pQm nfO{a|]/Ldf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . cgnfO{g x'Fbf / gx'Fbf klg rnfpg ;lsg] ;km6j]o/x? /flvPsf] 5 . 8fS6/ gePsf] a]nf k|fylds pkrf/ ug{ ;xh x'g] u/L l;sfO{ ljlw /flvPsf] 5 . ;d'bfon] ;fdfGo cIf/ lrg]/ sDKo'6/ rnfpFbf pQm ljlwsf af/]df hfGg ;Sg]5g\ . ;d'bfodf /x]sf dlxnfx? ue{jtL x'Fbf s] ug{] / s] gug{] < To:tf ljifox? klg pQm nfO{a|]/Laf6 hfgsf/L lng ;lsg]5 . zAbsf]znfO{ c+u|]hL / g]kfnL b'a} efiffdf cg'jfb ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfnsf] snf / ;+:s[lt ;d]t ;d]l6Psf] pQm ;km6\j]o/ ;a}sf nflu cfjZos x'g] atfO{Psf] 5 . sfo{qmddf af]Nb} k|d'v cltyL czf] s Aof~h' n ] afnaflnsfx?sf] l;sfO{sf nflu k|of]udf NofO{Psf] pQm ;km\6j]o/ ;d'bfon] klg k|of]u u/L kmfO{bf

lng ;Sg] atfP . w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf afnd}qL gu/ aGb} u/]sf] atfpFb} afnd}qL gu/sf nflu cfjZos kg{] k"jf{wf/x?sf nflu sfo{ ul//x]sf] gu/ k|d'v Aof~h'n] atfP . x]Nk g]kfn g]6js{ w'lnv]]nsf] cIfosf]ifnfO{ @ nfv ?k}of pknAw u/fpg], aflnsfx?nfO{ pRr lzIffsf nflu lgMz'Ns cWoogsf] Aoj:yfkg ug{] / gu/kflnsfn] pknAw u/fpg] !^ k|sf/sf tflndx?df ;xeflu u/fO{ cj;/ l;h{gf u/L cfTdlge{/ agfpg ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] gu/ k|d'v Aof~h'n] atfP . gu/kflnsf lgd'vf AolQmx?sf nflu ePsfn] ul/jL lgjf/0fdf ljz]if Wofg lbg] Aof~h'n] atfP . @)&! ;fn ebf} * ut] !) aflnsfaf6 z'?jft ul/Psf] x]Nk g]kfn g]6js{df clxn] @! hgf l;dfGts[t ;lxt ljkGg aflnsfx? /flvPsf] 5 . pQm g]6js{nfO{ ljleGg If]qaf6 ;xof]u pknAw x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . g]6js{sf] lg/Gt/tfsf nflu cIfosf]if z'?jft ul/Psf] w'lnv]nsf cWoIf k"0f{s'df/ sfsL{n] atfP . cIfosf]ifdf & nfv ?k}of hDdf eO{;s]sf] 5 . sfo{qmddf x]Nk g]kfn g]6js{ ci6]«lnofsf cWoIf x:t uf}td, g]kfn cWoIf c?0f l;+ a:g]t, /ljGb| ld>, w'lnv]nsf cWoIf k"0f{s'df/ sfsL{, Aoj:yfks k'0ojtL 3n] nufotn] aflnsfx?sf] pHHjn eljZosf nflu ;a} If]qsf] ;xof]u cfjZos /x]sf] atfPsf lyP . O{nfO{a|]/Lsf nflu x]Nk g]kfn g]6js{ ci6«]lnofn] ;xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] 5 .

O{nfO{a]|/Ldf * j6f sDKo'6/ /flvPsf] 5 .

/f]6/Ln] lbof] lxdfno :s'nnfO{ lj1fg k|of]uzfnsf ;fdfu|L ag]kf÷lxdfno dflj ag]kf % df /f]6/L Snj w'lnv]n, sfe|]n] u'8ljn kmfp08]zgsf] ;xof]udf ljBfnonfO{ lj1fg k|of]uzfnfsf ;fdfu|L pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . cd] l /sfdf /x] s f] pQm kmfp08]zgn] /f]6/L Snj dfkm{t lhNnfsf ljleGg ljBfnodf ;xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] xf] . kmfp08]z;gsf] ;xof]udf /f]6/L Snjsf] tkm{af6 klg yk u/L g]kfndf /x]sf ;fd'bflos ljBfnox?nfO{ cfjZos kg{] ;fdfu|L pknAw u/fPsf] xf] . pQm kmfp08]zgn] o;cl3 lhNnfsf ljleGg ljBfno;Fu} lxdfno dfljdf klg sDKo'6/ Nofa pknAw u/fPsf] lyof] . ljBfnosf] 5fq / 5fqf zf}rfno lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u u/]sf] pQm kmfp08]zgn] ljBfnosf ejgx?df /+u/f]ug ug{ / ljBfnosf] sIff sf]7fsf nflu cfjZos kg{] kmlg{r/ ;d]t pknAw u/fPsf] lyof] . ;f]lx sfo{qmddf af]Nb} kmfp0]zgsf tkm{af6 afnaflnsfx?sf] pHhjn eljiosf nflu cd]l/sfdf ePsf afnaflnsfx? / g]kfndf ePsf

jif{ @% c+s $( @)&^ c;f]h #) ut] ljxLjf/

afnaflnsfx?sf aLrsf] ;DjGw ljsf; ug{ ;xof]u k'g] atfO{Psf] lyof] . k|ljlwsf] o'un] e'uf]n 6f9f eP klg AolQmx? glhlsb} uPsfn] lg/Gt/ ;xof]u ug{] p2]Zo /fv]sf] atfP . e'sDkn] ljBfno ejg Iflt k'¥ofP ;Fu} dfgjLo ;+j]bgfx? klg eTsfPsf] lyof] .

AolQmx?sf] lgwg eof] . wghgsf] Iflt k'¥ofPsf] e'sDknfO{ lxdfno dfljn] cj;/sf ?kdf lnPsf] kmfp08]zgsf k|ltlglwn] atfP . sfo{qmddf ljBfno Aoj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf k'ik/fh sf]O{/fnf, j8f cWoIf an/fd clwsf/L, ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofks w'|j{ e§/fO{, /f]6/L Snj ckm w'lnv]nsf ;Nnfxsf/ czf]s >]i7, cWoIf lji0f' k|;fb ;fksf]6f, /f]6/L sfe|] cWoIf /fdKof/L ah|frfo{, ljBfnosf lzIfsx?, cleefjsx?, ljBfno Aoj:yfkg ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmddf lj1fg k|of]uzfnfnfO{ cfjZos kg{] ! ;o %) vfnsf ;fdfu|L pknAw u/fO{Psf] lyof] .

;efkltTjdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf j8f gDj/ & sf cWoIf /fdrGb| gf:gfgL, ;+:yfks ;'/]z ;}h', lgj{tdfg cWoIf /fhf/fd sdf{rfo{, kgf}tL k|x/L rf}sLsf OGrfh{ xl/z/0f a:g]t nufotn] e|d0f jif{ @)@) ;kmn agfpg / kgf}tLnfO{ ko{6lso If]qsf ?kdf ljsf; ug{ ;Sbf] ;xof]u ug{] atfPsf lyP . wfld{s kqsf/ ljs'gf/fo0f tfd|fsf/sf cg';f/ ;xefuLx?n] kgf}tLsf] ;du| ljsf;df kgf}tLsf] wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts / P]ltxfl;s dxTjnfO{ k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{'kg{]df hf]8 lbP .

gjfªsf] pkrf/df & nfv $) xhf/ ;+sng

ag]kf÷dxfef/t ufpFkflnsf j8f gDj/ ! uf]s'n] 3/ eO{ nlntk'/sf] Odf8f]ndf a:b} cfPsf !% alif{o afns gjfª df]Qmfgsf] An8 SofG;/ kl5 pkrf/df cfly{s cefj ePsf] eGb} gjfª df]Qmfg arfpg u7g ul/Psf] ;ldltn] ;+sng u/]sf] /sd ;fj{hlgs u/L kLl8tnfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] 5 . :yfgLo lj5f]8 lhDafsf] ;+of]hsTjdf !! ;b:oLo ;ldlt u7g ePsf] lyof] . pQm ;ldltn] ;+sng u/]sf] & nfv $) xhf/ ( ;o @@ ?k}ofF dWo] klxnf] r/0fdf @ nfv ?k}ofF kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] eg] bf]>f] r/0fdf dxfef/t ufpFkflnsf cWoIf sfG5fnfn lhDafsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ag]kfdf kqsf/ ;Dd]ng u/L % nfv @^ xhf/ # ;o ^& ?k}ofFsf] r]s x:tfGt/0f u/]sf x'g\ . …o'jfx?n] /sd ;+sng dfq} ub{}gg\ cyf{t cGo sfdsf nflu dfq} ;xof]u p7fpFb}gg\, Pp6f AolQm To;df klg afnssf] Hofg arfpg] cleofgdf klg of]ubfg k'¥ofpg ;S5g\ eGg] ;Gb]z gjfª df]Qmfg arfp cleofg ;ldltn] b]vfPsf] 5Ú–ufpFkflnsf cWoIf sfG5fnfn lhDafn] eg]–…o'jfx?sf] ;sf/fTds ;f]r / sbdn] Ps afnssf] Hofg ar]sf] 5}g, l;Ëf] dxfef/t / lhNnfe/L ;sf/fTds ;Gb]z lbg ;s]sf] 5 .Ú cWoIf lhDafn] dxfef/t ufpFkflnsf leq o:tf afnaflnsfx?sf] pkrf/df sl7g ePsf] eGb} tLg} txsf ;/sf/n] o:tf] ulDe/ k|s[ltsf lj/fdLsf] pkrf/nfO{ k|bfg ug{] Ps nfv ?k}ofF a9fpg' kg{] atfP . ;f]lx cj;/df g]kfn :jf:Yo k|fljlws ;+3 sfe|]sf cWoIf ;lGbk s];Ln] % xhf/ % ;o %% ?k}ofF x:tfGt/0f u/]sf lyP . ;ldltsf] ;b:o ;lrj led lhDdf /x]sf 5g\ . ;ldltn] ;+sng u/]sf] /sd s[lif ljsf; a}ssf] rlNt lx;fj

ltdlN;gfx?sf] hdf/f lj;{hg sfo{qmd

gDj/ )@–!@^–!@^–)!$*&@!(–)!–$ df hDdf u/L gjfª / pgsf afa' 1fgaxfb'/ df]QmfgnfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]sf x'g\ . vftf vf]n]s} lbg ;ldlt dfkm{t @)&^ ;fpg @% ut] ! nfv *) xhf/ /sd dxfef/t ufpFkflnsfsf hgk|ltlglw, sd{rf/L / ;dfh;]jLx?af6 hDdf u/L x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . gjfªsf] pkrf/ eO{/x]sf] / :jf:Yo klg ;'wf/ x'Fb} uPsf] pgsf afa' 1fgaxfb'/n] atfpg' eof] . pkrf/ ;lsFbf;Dd !% nfv eGbf w]/} vr{ x'g] afa' 1fgaxfb'/ df]Qmfgn] atfpg' eof] . kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf :yfgLo, lhNnf, b]z / ljb]zaf6 ;+slnt /sdsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fO{Psf] lyof] . ;f]lx sfo{qmddf g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 sfe|]sf cWoIf df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf, g]kfn :jf:Yo k|fljlws ;+3sf cWoIf ;lGbk s];L, cleofgsf ;+of]hs lj5f]8 lhDaf, /]zd of]~hg nufotn] cleofgsf qmddf ePsf ultljlwx? hfgsf/L u/fpFb} gjfª h:t} cGo afnaflnsfx?sf] ;d:of k/]df klg Psh'6 x'g'kg{] atfP . sIff !) df cWoog/t gjfªsf] cfdfsf] b'O{ jif{ cl3 dxfef/t hfFb} u/]sf] ;jf/L ;fwg b'3{6gf x'Fbf lgwg ePsf] lyof] . b'O{ ;Gtfg dWo] gjfª h]7f] x'g\ . afa' 1fgaxfb'/ sf7df8f}d} ldlg 6«s rnfpFb} cfPsf 5g\ . dhb'/L ul//x]sf 1fgaxfb'/n] 5f]/fnfO{ arfpg cfly{s ;xof]usf nflu cg'/f]w u/]sf lyP . cem} pgsf] pkrf/sf nflu /sd k'u]sf] 5}g . gjfªsf nflu dxfef/t ufpFkflnsfsf cWoIf sfG5fnfn lhDafn] Ps dlxgfsf] tna x:tfGt/0f u/]sf lyP eg] j8f cWoIf ldgaxfb'/n] @) xhf/ ;xof]u u/] . dxfef/t sG6«S;gsf] tkm{af6 ;'hg nfdf÷tl:j/ df]Qmfgn] #% xhf/ ;xof]u u/]sf lyP . sd{rf/L, lzIfs tyf :yfgLox?n] klg gjfªsf]] pkrf/sf nflu ;xof]u u/]sf 5g\ .

a]yfGrf]s÷ltdlN;gf ;dfh 9'+vs{n] ljhof bzdL @)&^ sf] l6sf u|x0f tyf hdf/f lj;{hg sfo{qmd k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L >j0fs'df/ ltdlN;gfsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . h]i7 ;b:oåf/f l6sf u|x0f u/] nuQ} hdf/f lj;{hg ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf a]yfGrf]s ufpFkflnsfsf h]i7 ;b:o OGb|axfb'/ ltdlN;gfsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf ltdlN;gf ;dfhsf s]lGb|o cWoIf gj/fh ltdlN;gf, gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v l6kL zdf{ ltdlN;gf, a] y fGrf] s ufpFkflnsfsf cWoIf k|]daxfb'/ ltdlN;gf, k'j{ s]lGb|o cWoIf zflGts'df/ ltdlN;gf, k|b]z cWoIf rGb|d0fL ltdlN;gf, lhNnf cWoIf p4jk|;fb ltdlN;gf, s]lGb|o

;b:ox?, k'j{ kbflwsf/Lx?, lhNnfsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . /fdx/L ltdlN;gfsf] ;+rfng /x]sf] sfo{qmddf g]kfn ldl8of OlGi6Ro'6sf lk|lG;kn /fdk|;fb ltdlN;gfsf] :juft dGtAo /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ltdlN;gfx?sf] a+zsf] ;+/If0f ub{} efjL k':tfn] ;fdflhs cleofgdf of]ubfg k'¥ofpg' kg{] atfO{Psf] lyof] . x/]s jif{ sf]hfut k'l0f{dfsf lbg cfof]hgf ul/g] pQm sfo{qmd 9'+vs{sf] dfVnf] If]q / tNnf] If]qdf cfnf]kfnf] ug{] ul/Psf] 5 . tNnf] ufpFdf hdf/f /fVg] ;dodf dfVnf] ufpFdf lj;{hg ug{] / dfVnf] ufpFdf hdf/f /fVg] ;dodf tNnf] ufpFdf lj;{hg ug{] ul/Psf] 5 . ltdlN;gfx? ;a} hDdf eP/ h]i7 ;b:osf] xftaf6 l6sf / cflz{jfb lng] rng ltdlN;gf ;dfh u7g eP b]lv z'? ul/Psf] :yfgLo /fdk|;fb ltdlN;gfn] atfP .

afn u[xdf bz+} ;xof]u

ag]kf÷lahof bzdLsf] cj;/ kf/L dlxnf ;/f]sf/ ;d'x tyf ;xof]uL /f]huf/ tyf dlN6kkf{]h k|flnn]] ljleGg cj:yfaf6 afnu[ x df al;/x] s f afnaflnsfx?nfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . bz+} dgfpg g;Sg] afnaflnsfx?sf] ;xof]usf nflu pQm ;d'xn] ag]kfdf z'esfdgf cfbfg k|bfg ;lxt cfly{s ;+sng u/]sf] lyof] . pQm /sd ;+sngsf nflu ag]kf gu/kflnsf tyf cGo ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] ;xof]u ug{] k|ltj4tf AoQm u/]sf 5g\ . kgf}tL gu/kflnsf

vl/af]6df /x]sf] blnt pTkLl8t sNof0f ;+3åf/f ;+rflnt XofkL lrN8«]g xf]ddf a:b} cfPsf !$ hgf afnaflnsfx?sf nflu bz}+sf nflu cfjZos kg{] vfBfGg nufotsf ;fdfu|Lx? ;xof]u ul/Psf] ;lrj ;Demgf vltj8fn] hfgsf/L lbO{g\ . lrp/f, df;', d;nf, lrgL, ;fa'g, a|;, d~hg, lrofklQ, bfn, s]/fp, rgf, af]8L, t]n nufotsf ;fdfu|Lx? /x]sf 5g\ . pQm sfo{qmddf ;xof]uL /f]huf/ tyf dlN6kkf{]h k|f=ln, l/nfoG; OG:of]/]G; / ;'dg df]6/ 8«fO{leË ;]G6/sf k|ltlglwx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] nflu ;Demg'xf];\ sfe|]sf] cflwsfl/s ljqm]tf

b]jL xf8{j]o/ ag]kf -;fgLdf a}+s;Fu}_

oxfF /8, l;d]G6, h:tfkftf, lxn6]ssf] 6\of+sL nufot ;Dk"0f{ xf8{j]o/ ;DaGwL ;fdu|Lx? xf]n;]n tyf v'b|f d"Nodf kfOG5 .

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

;Dks{

b]jL xf8{j]o/ ag]kf, -;fgLdf a}+s ;Fu}_ kmf]g g+= )!!–^^@%$), (*%!)&)#^%, (*%!!^@%%^

hGd @))&.!).@(

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

:juf{/f]x0f @)&^.^.@! :j= eQmnfn tf}hn]

o; ;dfhsf ;b:o zlz tf}hn]sf k"hgLo lktf eQmnfn tf}hns ] f] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]n] d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ zf]s ;GtKt kl/jf/hgdf xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ . gf/fo0fbf; >]i7 ;'lgn;'Gb/ >]i7 ;lgn ;}h" ljZjgfy tfd|fsf/ /3'gfy dft+5]

pQd a:g]t ho/fd aGhf/f ljk]Gb| >]i7 s'df/ cfrfo{ ;'/]Gb| ;'j]bL

;'h]Gb| sdf{rfo{ /fhs'df/ a:g]t lg/f]h a:g]t bnaxfb'/ >]i7 ?k]Gb| cdfTo

h'lno; v8\sf /fhf/fd dfgGw/ dgf]x/ dxt hLjg/3' >]i7 ;'jf; ltldlN;gf dx]z a:g]t

kz'klt bz{g ;dfh kl/jf/ kgf}tL, sfe|]

hGd M @)@!.*.@*

:juf{/f]x0fM @)&^.^.@$

:j= nLnf lji6 o; ;+:yfsf ;Nnfxsf/ Pj+ 5fFofZj/L ;fsf];sf ;lrj (M.D.) /flhj lji6 Pj+ d]/f cfTdLo efO{x? /ljg / lbk]Gb| lji6sf ddtfdoL dftf nLnf lji6 sf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{5f}+ ;fy} o; b'Mvb\ 38Ldf zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgx?df w}o{ wf/0f ug{] zlQm k|fKt xf]; egL O{Zj/;Fu k|fy{gf ub{} xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

1fgbf; sfo:y cWoIf tyf

?b|fTdsfo art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kl/jf/ ag]kf g=kf= !), k'nahf/, sfe|]

!$

r]i6f ;fKtflxs r]i6f ;fKtflxs

jif{ @$ $* @)&^ @)&% c;f] c;f]hh #) !! ut] ljxLjf/ @% c+s $(

k|x/L lbj;df ljleGg If]qsf t]>f] w'lnv]n d]o/ sksf] AolQmx?nfO{ ;Ddfg pkfwL j8f gDj/ & nfO{

w'lnv]n÷lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]sn] ^$ cf} k|x/L lbj;sf] cj;/ kf/L ljleGg If]qaf6 k|x/Lsf ultljlwx?df ;xof]u u/]sf] eGb} sb/kqåf/f ;Ddfg u/]sf] 5 . k|x/Ln]] cfkm' dftxtsf o'lg6x?df sfo{/t k|x/Lx?nfO{ klg gub ;lxt ;Ddfg u/]sf] 5 . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt sfe|]sf k|d'v p4j s];Lsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf #@ OGrsf] sn/ 6]lnlehg !) j6f pknAw u/fPsf]df w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . ag]kf gu/kflnsfn] Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no ag]kfnfO{ hUuf pknAw u/fPsf]df ;Ddfg ul/Psf] 5 . dxfef/t ufpkFflnsfn] Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no agv'nfO{ hUuf pknAw u/fPsf] eGb} ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . e'Dn' ufpkFflnsfn] k|x/L rf}sLx?nfO{ df]6/;fO{sn pknAw u/fPsf]df ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] eg] t]dfn ufpkFflnsf j8f gDj/ # sf cWoIf lji0f' tfdfªnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v czf]s Aof~h', ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf k| d ' v nIdLg/l;+ afb] , dxfef/t ufpkFflnsfsf cWoIf sfG5fnfn lhDaf, t]dfnf ufpKFflnsfsf j8f gDj/ # sf cWoIf lji0f' tfdfª, k|x/L rf}sL sfgk'/nfO{ hUuf pknAw u/fpg] s'ndfg tfdfªnfO{ ;Ddfg

k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

To:t} g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 sfe|]sf cWoIf df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf, dfgjclwsf/dL{ ef]h/fh ltdlN;gf, kqsf/ b]j/fh s];LnfO{ klg k|z;fkqåf/f ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

To:t} k|x/L ultljlwdf ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] eGb} /fh]zs'df/ >]i7, eujfg a:g]t, k|df]b yfkf, /fh' bg'jf/, /fh]Gb|s'df/ l;Ub]n, /fh]Gb| su'Ff >]i7 / ;+hLjljqmd yfkfnfO{ sb/ kq k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . ck/fw cg';Gwfgdf pTs[i6 sfo{ ug{] k|x/L clws[tx?, cd/ k|x/L sd{rf/Lx?sf kl/jf/x?nfO{ bf];Nnf cf]9fO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . To:t} Aof8ldG6g ljhoL v]nf8Lx?nfO{ k|df0fkq ljt/0f tyf pTs[i6 sfo{ ug{] k|x/L sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ k'/:sf/ ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . k|x/L al/i7 pkl/Ifs ef]hh+u zfxsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf cWoIf Pj+ w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v czf]s Aof~h', ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v nIdLg/l;+ afb], k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L >j0fs'df/ ltdlN;gf, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 sfe|]sf cWoIf df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf, dfgjclwsf/sdL{ ef]h/fh ltdlN;gf nufotn]] dGtAo /fv]sf lyP . k|x/L k|d'v P;kL ho/fh ;fksf]6fn] :jfut dGtAo /fv]sf] sfo{qmd l8P:kL lbks lu/Ln] ;+rfng u/]sf lyP .

w'lnv]n÷cfsfz e}/j Snj w'lnv]nsf] cfof]hgfdf t]>f] d]o/ sk km'6an k|ltof]lutf zlgaf/ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . d]o/ sksf] pkfwL w'lnv]n j8f gDj/ & n] k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . ljhoL l6dn] gub $) xhf/, 6«kmL ;lxt d]8n k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . k]gfN6Lsf cfwf/df j8f gDj/ ^ nfO{ # sf lj?4 $ uf]n ub{} j8f gDj/ & n] pkfwL k|fKt u/]sf] xf]] . ljhoL l6dnfO{ gu/ k|d'v czf]s Aof~h'n] 6«lkm x:tfGt/0f u/]]sf lyP . k|ltof]lutfsf] ;dfkg sfo{qmddf j8f cWoIf ;~ho sf]+h', /f]dLk|;fb Aof~h', lji0f' lwtfn, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 sfe|] zfvfsf cWoIf df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf, j8f ;b:o u0f]z cfrfo{, kqsf/ Zofd ;fksf]6f nufotn] v]nf8Lx?nfO{ lzN8, d]8n / k|df0fkq ljt/0f u/]sf lyP . gu/ k|d'v czf]s Aof~h'n] k|ltof]lutf]sf] pb\3f6g u/]sf lyP . w'lnv]nsf] v]n d}bfgdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] k|ltof]lutfdf j8f gDj/ ! b]lv !@ gDj/ j8fsf ;a} l6dsf]] ;xefuLtf /x]sf] lyof] .

Snasf cWoIf hof]h g/l;+sf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg k|ltof]lutfdf !# l6dsf] ;xeflutf

/x]sf] lyof] . j8f gDj/ # nfO{ j8f gDj/ $ n] % uf]n u/]sf] lyof] eg] j8f gDj/ ! nfO{ j8f gDj/ !@ n] ^ uf]n xfg]sf] lyof] . To:t} j8f gDj/ ( n] ! uf]n u/]sf] lyof] . ;f]lx lj?4 j8f gDj/ $ jfO{n] $ uf]n u/]sf] lyof] . j8f gDj/ $ PS;n] % uf]n u¥of] eg] j8f gDj/ !) z'Go uf]ndf lrQ a'emfof] .

To:t} j8f gDj/ !! n] ! uf]n u¥of] . j8f gDj/ # n] # uf]n u/]sf] lyof] . j8f gDj/ ^ n] j8f gDj/ @ nfO{ z'Gosf lj?4 $ uf]nn] k/flht u¥of] . j8f gDj/ !@ n] j8f gDj/ ! nfO{ ! sf lj?4 @ uf]nn] k/flht u¥of] . j8f gDj/ & n] j8f gDj/ $ PS;nfO{ ! sf lj?4 % uf]nn] k/flht u/]sf] lyof] . j8f gDj/ $ PS;sf] z'Go uf]n lj?4 j8f gDj/ ^ n] @ uf]n u/]sf] lyof] . ;]dL kmfO{gn v]ndf j8f gDj/ & n] j8f gDj/ # nfO{ z'Gosf lj?4 Ps uf]n u/]sf] lyof] . To:t} j8f gDj/ ^ n] j8f gDj/ !@ nfO{ ! sf lj?4 ^ uf]n u/L kmfO{gndf k|j]z u/]sf] lyof] . lgwf{l/t ;do leq a/fa/L @–@ uf]n eP kl5 k]gfN6L ;'6df j8f gDj/ & n] # sf lj?4 $ uf]n u/L ljhoL ePsf] xf] .

ofq' afs ] s ] f] a; b3'6{gf w'lnv]n÷l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfsf] l;kf6f/af6 sf7df8f} cfpFb} u/]sf] x]nDa' oftfoft ;]jf ;ldltsf] ofq'afxs a; z'qmaf/ ljxfg b'3{6gf x'Fbf % hgfsf] 36gf:ynd} lgwg ePsf] 5 eg] & hgf pkrf/sf qmddf lgwg ePsf] 5 . ;oeGbf w]/} ofq' ulDe/ 3fO{t] ePsf 5g\ .

3fO{t]x?nfO{ x]lnsK6/af6 pkrf/sf nflu ;b/d'sfd w'lnv]n / /fhwfgL nluPsf] lyof] . …rfns / ;fx' cfkm} /x]sf ag]kf :yfoL 3/ ePsf s]bf/ >]i7n] a|]s km]n eof], uf8L hf]ufpg ;lsPg, tkfO{x? ;Sg'x'G5 eg] aRg';\ x} eg]sf /x]5g\Ú–:yfgLo ;+rf/sdL{ ;d]t /x]sf 36gf:yndf p4f/sf nflu vl6Psf xf]dk|;fb rf}nfufO{n] eg]] –…rfnssf] zj IftljIft\ ePsf] cj:yfdf :yfgLox?n] c:ktfntkm{ k7fPsf 5g\ .Ú x]nDa' oftfoft ;]jf ;ldltsf btf{ ePsf] af @ v @&!% gDj/sf] a; ;8saf6 # ;o ld6/ eGbf tn k'u]sf] k|x/L k|d'v P;kL ho/fh

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The Selected

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;w+} p:t} x'Fb}g ;do . k|s[ltn] klg /ft, ljxfg cnu cnu agfPsf] 5 . ljxfg x'Fb} lbpF;f] / ;fFem x'Fb} /ft x'G5 . hLjg klg To:t} /x]5 . slta]nf v'zL slta]nf b'MvL . slxn] k"l0f{dfsf] h'g h:t} emndn x'G5 . slxn] cf+};Lsf] /ft h:tf] cFWof/f] . ;'o{sf] /fk h:t} tftf] / Gofgf] . o:tf]] hLjgsf] s;/L u?F aofg < g pd]/, g of}jg . s]lx g'a'em\b} n'l6g' kbf{sf] kL8f c;fWo} sl7g 5 . s;/L eg'F d . cfkm\g} dfG5]af6 n'l6g' kbf{ emg} kL8f x'bf] /x]5 . dbf{, kbf{ sfd nfUg] l5d]sL /Ifs xf]O{g eIfs ePkl5 s;af6 ;'/lIft ePsf] dx;'; ug{] < afNosfnsf cglulGt ef]ufO{x? x'G5g\ . ef]ufO{x? sltn] ld7f] kn agfP/ hfG5 sltn] sfF8f /f]k]/ hfG5 . sfF8f /f]k]sf] 3fp lalu|of] eg] lvn klN6G5 . ;w+}sf] em:sf alg/xG5 . xf] To:t} ePsf] 5 d]/f] afNosfn . d]/f] hLjg . slt ;do afFsL 5 cem} hLpg . t/ n'l6Psf] AolQm leq /x]sf] dfgl;s tgfjnfO{ s;/L zfGt kfg{] < gofF hLjg s;/L z'? ug{] < s]lx dlxgf dfq} eof] . @)&^ c;f/ ( ut] ;fFemsf]] ;do lyof] . ;w} em} d ljBfno uP/ 3/ kmls{Psf] dfq} lyPF . xfdL v]Nb} al;/x]sf x'GYof}+ . ljBfnoaf6 kmls{Pkl5 u[xsfo{ ug{' cl3 s]lx ;do v]Ng] / clg a'af cfdfn] cXfPsf] sfd ug{] d]/f] afgL lyof] . ;dfhdf klg xfdL tNnf]] bhf{sf gful/s ;/x dflgGYof}+ . bz}+ / ltxf/ h:tf rf8x? cfPkl5 a'af cfdf cGg p7fpg hfg' x'GYof] . klxn] b]lv g} x]lkPsf] hflt blnt ;d'bfodf d]/f] hGd ePsf] lyof] . blnt ;d'bfonfO{ clxn] b]lv x}g x]lkPsf] . d}n] a'em] cg';f/ k':tf} b]lv kl5 kfl/Psf] ;d'bfodf r]tgfsf] sdL lyof] . clxn] To:tf] 5}g . x'g t cem} 5'jf5't 5 . t/ klg klxnf h:tf] blnt ;d'bfon] cj;/ g} gkfPsf] eg] 5}g . g]kfnsf] /fHoJoa:yf @$) jif{ b]lv k/Gt' cfhts ;fdfGtL s]G›Ls[t PsfTds lxGb" hfltjfbL ;fDk|bflos /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . b]z hftLo klxrfg

;lxtsf] k|fb]lzs ;+3Lotfdf guP afx'gjfbaf6 g]kfnL hgtfsf] d'lQm slxNo} ;Dej 5}g . afx'gjfbn] ufFh]sf] d'n's x'gfn] /fHo;Qfaf6 cGo hflt, wd{–;f+:s[lts ;d'bfosf dflg;x¿ ;lbof} jif{b]lv cfhts zf]if0f, cGofo–cTofrf/, lje]b, pTkL8gdf lklN;/x] s f 5g . alx:s/0fdf k/]sf 5g . o;sf] zfnLg lj/f]w cfnf]rgf eg] ;w}+ eO/x]sf] 5 . t/ s8f /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ng hgqmflGtåf/f afx'gjfbL kmf]xf]/ sr/fnfO{ wf]P/ vfN8f]df k'/]/ d'lQm kfPsf] l:ylt eg] 5}g . To;}n] oxfFsf zf]lift–kLl8t hgtf dlw;], d';ndfg, blnt tyf cflbjf;L hghfltx¿df /fhlglts ljrf/sf ;fy;fy} Jofks ;fdflhs ;fF:s[lts qmflGt r]tgfsf] cfjZostf b]lvG5 . lxGb" wd{u|Gy j]bdf rf/ j0f{sf] hflt ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 . blnt hfltnfO{ z'› hflt cGt{ut c5"t rf}yf] bhf{df /flvPsf] kfOG5 . blntx¿nfO{ afx'gåf/f e]befj / 5'jf5"tsf] cGTo ub}{ ;fd'lxs ;xef]h ul/b} cfPsf] 5 . blnt;Fu ljxfjf/Ldf v'nf ul/g] xf] ;dfhdf blntdfyL x'g] lje]b lj:tf/} cGTo x'Fb} hfg] 5 . t/ ljjfx ePsf blntx?n]] klg cfTdTof ug{'sf] ljsNk 5}g . blnt;Fu ljjfx u/]sf] eg]/ kfO{g] b'Mv si6x? slt xf] slt < ;dfhaf6 alx:s[t x'g'kg{] cj:yf cem} cGTo ePsf] 5}g .

Tof] lbg d]/f] hLjgsf] cf}+;Lsf] /ft aGof] . ;w} em} ;fyLx?;Fu /dfO{nf] ug{] ;f]r cg';f/ xfdL 3/ glhs} /x]sf] /fwf:jfdL h+undf v]Ng uPsf lyof}+ . lbpF;f] ljBfnodf cWoog u/L 3/ kmls{PF . sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf kfFrvfn gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ & lzv/af]6 eGg] :yfgdf /x]sf] ljBfnodf sIff & df cWog ub}{ cfPsf] 5' . 3/df ePsf] s]lx vfhf vfP/ 3/d} al;/x]sf] lyPF . c?sf] h:t} d]/f]] ljBfnodf cWoog l7s} lyof] . ljBfno kf]zfs kl/jt{g u/L ;w+} 3/df nufpFbf nufpg] sk8f nufP/ al;/x]sf] lyPF . d]/f ;fyLx? ;d]t ePsfn] 3/d} af]nfpg cfP .

v]Ng hfg] plgx?sf] k|:tfj d]/f nflu l:jsfo{ eof] . ljBfno glhs} /x]sf] sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf kfFrvfn gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ $ df /x]sf] /fwf:jfdL eGg] :yfg tn h+undf xfdL 8'd|L vfg uPsf lyof}+ . v]Ng] klg / 8'd|L klg vfg] eGb} xfdL h+undf k'u]sf lyof}+ . p;sf] gfd lbk]Gb| ljZjsdf{ xf] . ;w} p;n] xfdL afnaflnsfx?nfO{ lh:sfO{ /xGYof] . To;s} lzsf/ aGg k'u]+ d . ev{/ !# jif{sf] ePsf] 5' . dnfO{ w]/} s'/fsf] hfgsf/L klg 5}g . lstfaL 1fg yf]/} 5 . 6]lnlehg x]g{], slxn] s fF l x df] a fO{ n df c?n] rnfPsf] OG6/g]6sf af/]df ;'Gg] / a'af cfdfn] atfpg] 36gf afx]s d]/f] s'g} 1fg 5}g . ePsf] 1fg klg k"0f{ 5}g . lbk]Gb| ljZjsdf{sf] * aif{ cufl8 k'hf laZjsdf{ ;+u k|]d ljjfx ePsf] /x]5 . k|x/Ldf lbPsf] p;sf] aofgdf Tolx pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . plgx?af6 Ps 5f]/Lsf] hGd ePsf] 5 . plgx?sf] kl/jf/ ufpFd} v]tL ls;fgL ub}{ 3/ Jojxf/ rnfpFb} cfPsf] lyof] . To; lbgsf] 36gfsf af/]df p;n] o;/L atfof] . …gfaflnsf aif{ !# ls c;f/ ( ut] ;fFem h+undf 3'Dg tyf kmnkm'n vfg uPsL /lx5g\ . plg h+un hfFbf d klg ;+u} hfg] u/]sf] lyPF . cGo lbgdf h:t} To;lbg klg d plg h+undf uP ;Fu} kl5 kl5 nfu]+ . pgnfO{ d h+undf kfO{g] 8'd|L, P];'n', yfsn ;d]t l6lk lbg] ub{y] . To; lbg d lbge/L HofdL sfd u/L 3/ glhs}sf] e§L k;ndf nf]sn /S;L vfFb} lyPF . pg} aflnsf :s'n uO{ 3/df cfO{ 8«]; r]Gh u/L /fwf :jfdL eGg] :yfgsf] rf}tf/L h:tf] 7fFpdf a;]sf] b]v]+ . pgL ;fyLx?;Fu} rf}tf/f]df v]ln/x]sL lyO{g\ . rf}tf/f]df c? dfG5] lyP . To;lbg d]/f] lbdfudf s] pTkGg eof] yfxf 5}g . d}n] plgx? ;a}nfO{ h+undf 8'dL{ vfg hfpF eGb} nu]+ . plg ;lxt pgsf ;fyLx? ;d]t h+undf uPsf lyP . d}n] h+undf /x]sf] 8'd|L l6kL ;a} hgfnfO{ vfg lbPF . w]/} ;do eP kl5 plgx?n] 3/df hfG5f} eg] . c? ;a}nfO{ 3/df k7fO{ lbP/ pgnfO{

d}n] /f]s]+ . 3/ glhs} ePsfn] d}n] pgnfO{ ;Fu} n}hfG5' eg]/ /f]s]sf] lyPF . plgx? uP kl5 pgL / d dfq PSn} h+undf /x\of}+ . d}n] cfkm\gf] pGdfb ;DxfNg ;lsgF . xfdLx? b'j}hgf 9'Ëf dfyL al;/x\of}+ . ;'g;fg hËndf sf]xL klg dflg;x? ;d]t lyPgg\ . d}n] pgnfO{ xfdL al;/x]sf] :yfgaf6 tnlt/ hfpF egL /fwf :jfdL eGg] :yfgsf] h+unsf] PsfGt :yfgdf k'¥ofPF . aflnsfnfO{ kmsfpFb} @) ?k}ofF lbPF . pgnfO{ kmsfpFb} ljjfx u5{' eg]+ . 3/df k|]d ljjfx u/]/ NofPsL nIdL hl:t >LdtL lyO{g\ . pgLaf6 hlGdPsL tfdfsf] d'gf h:tL 5f]/L lyO{g\ . hjfgLsf] pGdfbdf / /S;Lsf] gzfdf d}n] ;a} e'lnlbPF . pgnfO{ h;/L klg kmsfP/ zfl//Ls Kof; d]6\g' lyof] . Tolta]nf d}n] pgnfO{ ljjfx u5{' dfq} elggF . d ltdLnfO{ /fd|f] ;Fu kfN5' . b'Mv klg slxNo} lbGgF eg]+ . nnfO{ kmsfO{ pgn} cf]9]sf] ;n hldgdf la5\ofO{ pgnfO{ ha{h:tL u/]+ .Ú p;n] aofgdf cem} yKof]–…d]/f] gSsnL Kof/ / ha{hl:taf6 plg pDsg ;lsgg\ . pgL ?g yflng\ . pgnfO{ kL8f eP5 . lrRofP klg d}n] pgnfO{ 5f8\g] cj:yf lyPg . d leq ePsf] k'?ifTjsf] 3d08 g;lsFbf ;d]t d]/f] k~hfaf6 plg d'Qm x'Gg lyO{g\ . pgsf] lrRofx6 a]sf/ lyP . g d}n] s'g} ;fwg k|of]u u/]sf] lyPF . g t s'g} ;'/Iff ckgfPsf] lyPF . !# jif{sL aflnsf dfyL ul/Psf] ha{hl:tdf s] sf] ;'/Iff < s]lx 306f kl5 d]/f] 3d08 ;lsof] . 3d08 ;lsP kl5 pgnfO{ klxnfs} cj:yfdf Nofpg dnfO{ ;do nfUof] . lj:tf/} kmsfO{ kmsfO{ NofPF / 3/df k'¥ofO{ lbPF . 36gfsf af/]df s;}nfO{ geGg' eg]sf] lyPF . @) ?k}ofF lbPkl5 pgn] elGbgg\ eGg] dnfO{ nfu]sf] lyof] t/ To:tf] ePg5 . pgnfO{ ePsf] kL8f / d]/f] ck/fwsf af/]df dnfO{ yf]/} dfq lxgtfaf]w lyof] . /S;Lsf] ;'/df u/]sf] Tof] a]xf];Lsf] gf6ssf] ;hfoF d}n] ef]Ug} kg{] lyof] . pgn] 3/df a'af cfdfnfO{ 36gfsf af/]df ;a} s'/f atfPsL /lx5g\ . ef]lnkN6} pgn] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no sfe|]df ls6fgL hfx]/L btf{ u/]sL /lx5g\ . ;f]lx cg';f/ k|x/Ln] dnfO{ kqmfp u¥of] . ulNtsf] efuLbf/ aGg tof/ 5' .Ú d}n] 3/df a'afnfO{ ;a} s'/f eg] kl5 a'afn] k|x/Lsf]df hfx]/L lbg' ePsf] lyof] . d]/} aofg cg';f/

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#)–# ut];Dd lktfsf] ;xof]u k|flKt sfo{ ;kmntfsf] ;fy} ;do cg's"ndf /xg]5, $–% ;Dd df]6f] wg/fzL vr{ xf]nf, ^ ut] /f]uaf6 d'lQm ldNnf . dGq M ç g[+ g/l;+xfo gd M . #)–% ut];Dd df+ulns sfo{df ;xeflutf, OlR5t sfo{sf] l;l4 ;fy} 5f]/f5f]/Laf6 ;'vnfesf] ;fy} lg/f]lutf k|flKt xf]nf, clGtd lbg dfgl;s lrGtf a9\nf . dGq M ç /fdfo gd M. ;do cg's"n g/x]sf]n] 5ftL/f]u ;fy} d[To't'No si6 cfOknf{, afFsLsf] lbgdf eg] u'?hgaf6 ;'v k|flKt, hflu/df ;Ddfgsf] ;fy} k"/} /fHoaf6 ;'v ldNg]5 . dGq M ç e+ e+ e}/jfo gdM . ;ftfsf] dWo @ / # ut] rf]6k6ssf] eo ;fy} vr{ j[l4 xf]nf, afFsLsf] lbgdf ld7fld7f k|]djftf{nfe, gljg sfo{df ;xeflutf ;fy} lktfsf] ;xof]udf sd{ k|flKt x'g]5 . dGq M ç qmL+ qmL+ qmL+ ç .

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#)–# ut] ;Dd zq'efj ldqdf kl/0ftsf] ;fy} ldi7fGg ef]hg k|flKt x'g]5, $–% ut];Dd dfgl;s lrGtf j[l4 xf]nf, clGtd lbg efUof]bosf] ;do /x]sf] 5 . dGq M ç x|L+ efUof]bo x|L+ gdM . #)–% ut];Dd cWoog cWofkgdf ?rL, /f]uaf6 d'lQmsf] ;fy} Jofkf/af6 nfe ldNg]5, clGtd lbg eg] em'6f cf/f]ksf] ;fy} vr{ j[l4 x'g]5 . dGq M ç z+ zq'bdgfo km6\ M . cfh ;do gs/fTds /x]sf] x'Fbf lrQdf r+rntf ;fy} k]6df ljsf/ cfpnf, afFsL lbg eg] kfl/jf/Ls ;'v k|flKt, dfg, kb k|flKtsf] ;fy} dgdf pT;fx xf]nf . dGq M ç lg+ lglvn+ lg+ ç. cfh / ef]ln ;fx; / w}o{tf j[l4 x'g]5, @–# ut] eg] 3/sf] lrGtfn] ;tfpg'sf] ;fy} b':jKg bz{g xf]nf, $–^ ;Dd eg] /f]uaf6 d'lQm ldNg]5 . dGq M ç gju|xEof] gdM.

cRo"tfgGb Hof]= cfo"j{]lbs cf}ifwfno,ag]kf, kgf}tL/f]8,uf]bfdrf]s, kmf]g g+= )!!^^#$(^

cfw'lgs b]lvP klg hLjgz}nL ;f]rfO eg] p;sf] k'/fgf] nfUof] lgd'vfn] slxNo} Gofo gkfpg] sfg'g oxfFsf] ;Q] sfgf] nfUof]

k|x/Ln] p;nfO{ kqmfp u¥of] / d'2f btf{ u¥of] . lhNnf ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]s w'lnv]ndf lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]sn] d'n'sL kmf}hbf/L sfofl{\awL ;+lxtf, @)&$ sf] bkmf #! sf] pkbkmf -!_ jdf]lhd k|:t't ul/Psf] s/0fL ;DaGwL s;' / ha/h:tL s/0fL d'2fsf] cg';Gwfg k|ltj]bg a'emfPsf] /x]5 . ;f]lx k|ltj]bg / d]/f] aofgsf cfwf/df p;nfO{ lhNnf cbfnt sfe|]knf~rf]sn] k'k{Ifsf nflu sf/fuf/ rnfg u/]sf] 5 . 36gfsf af/]df d]/f ;fyLx?n] ;d]t k|x/LnfO{ b]v]sf] / hfg]sf] s'/f atfO{ lbPsf 5g\ . k|x/Ln] klg 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg, d]/f] aofg / ;fIfLx?sf] ;d]t aofgsf cfwf/df lbk] G b| ljZjsdf{ n fO{ xb};Ddsf] sf/jfxLsf] dfu u/]sf] 5 . s;'/bf/ lbk]G› laZjsdf{sf] pQm sfo{ d'n'sL ck/fw ;+lxtf,)&$ sf] kl/R5]b !* sf] s/0fL ;DaGwL s;"/ ck/fwsf] bkmf @!( sf] !,@ sf] s;'/df k|ltafbL lbk]G› laZjsdf{nfO{ ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf @!( sf] # -v_ gDj/ adf]lhd ;hfo x'g dfu bfjL ul/Psf] 5 . ha{h:tL s/0fL dxn / aflnsf ;d]t ePsfn] pgnfO{ yk ;hfFo dfu ul/Psf] xf] . k|x/Ln] afNosfnd} kLl8t ePsfn] dgfl;j Ifltk"lt{ e/fpg ;d]t dfu u/]sf] 5 . d]/f] dfg;k6df w]/} s'/fx? v]ln/x]sf] 5 . p;sf] gfddf a}+sdf /sd klg 5}g . p;sf] afa'sf gfddf * cfgf hldg afx]s 5}g . cbfntn] Ifltk"lt{ e/fpg cfb]z u¥of] g} eg] klg p;n] sxfFaf6 s;/L ltg{ ;Snf / < p ck/fwL xf] . d]/f] hLjg ;d]t gs{df k'¥ofpg] To;nfO{ xb};Ddsf] sf/jfxL ul/g'k5{ . d]/f] cWoog / afFsL hLjgsf nflu /fHosf] bfloTj s]lx x'G5 ls < d h:tf] kL8fdf k/]sf aflnsfx?sf nflu /fHon] yk s]lx Aoj:yf u/]sf] 5 ls <

!# aifL{of kLl8t aflnsf kfFrvfn, sfe|] -of] syf cfh ljxLjf/ a]ns ' f * ah]sf] :yfgLo ;dfrf/kl5 b]j/fh a8fnsf] ;fydf k|fO{d PkmPd !)$=% d]ufxh{df ;'Gg ;Sg'x'g]5 ._

;ftfsf] /flzkmn -@)&^ c;f]h #) – sflt{s ^_

lrQ cxf] ;a}sf] ;fgf] nfUof] lrQ cxf] ;a}sf] ;fgf] nfUof] hdfgf of] ;f/} la/fgf] nfUof]

8'd|L vfFbf @) ?k}ofFsf] em]n !# jif{sL aflnsf dfyL ul/Psf] ha{hl:tdf s] sf] ;'/Iff < s]lx 306f kl5 d]/f] 3d08 ;lsof] . 3d08 ;lsP kl5 pgnfO{ klxnfs} cj:yfdf Nofpg dnfO{ ;do nfUof] . lj:tf/} kmsfO{ kmsfO{ NofPF / 3/df k'¥ofO{ lbPF .

36gfsf af/]df s;}nfO{ geGg' eg]sf] lyPF . @) ?k}ofF lbPkl5 pgn] elGbgg\ eGg] dnfO{ nfu]sf] lyof] t/ To:tf] ePg5 .

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lSjh M #!& ;l/tf ;fksf]6f

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k|]daxfb'/ sdfrfo{ of]u]Gb| >]i7 b'uf{nfn >]i7 /fw]Zofd >]i7

>Lv08k'/, sfe|] cfofd art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]kf–&, sfe|]knf~rf]s ;Dks{ g+= M )!!–^^@##%, ^^))*) -s]lGb|o sfof{no_

sd{rf/L cfjZostf ljut !) jif{b]vL ;d'bfosf] lxtsf nflu ;DaGwLt o; ;+:yfsf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf s/f/df sfo[ ug{] sd{rf/Lx? cfjZos ePsf] x'gfn] O{R5's tyf tf]lsPsf] of]Uotf k'u]sf g]kfnL gful/sx?n] b/vf:t lbg'x'g of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 .

>L :jl:ts ;fsf]; /]Gaf] sn/ Nofa rf/bf]af6f] c/lgsf] /fhdfu{

xfdLnfO{ ;Demg'xf];\ oxfF s:d]l6s tyf Ao'6L kfn{/ ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ ;fdfgx? xf]n;]n tyf v'b|f d"Nodf kfOG5 .

!= kb M C0f ;xfos ;+Vof M ! -s]lGb|o sfof{no ag]kf_ s_ Go'gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf M !)±@ jf ;f] ;/x plQ0f{ v_ ;]jfsf] lsl;d M s/f/ u_ sDKo'6/ ;DaGwL /fd|f] 1fg ePsf] / @ kf+u|] ;jf/L ;fwg rnfpg] cg'dlt kq ePsf] .

3_ sfo{ ;DaGwL cGo cfjZos ljj/0fx?

• ;DaGwLt sfdsf] cg'ej ePsf]nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .

• cfj]bssf] pd]/ !* jif{ k'/f eO{ $) jif{ ggf3]sf] x'g'kg{]5 .

• g]kfnL 6fOlkËdf bVvn k|fKt AolQmnfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf lbOg]5 . ª_ sfo{ljj/0f • shf{ nufgL tyf c;'nL ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ ug{] .

• C0f ;+aGwL cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug{] .

• ;+:yfn] k|bfg ug{] cGo nIox? k'/f ug{] . @= kb M ahf/ k|j{4s ;+Vof M # -s]lGb|o sfof{no ag]kf_ s_ Go'gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf M P;Pn;L jf P;O{O plQ0f{ v_ ;]jfsf] lsl;d M s/f/ u_ sfo{ ;DaGwL cGo cfjZos ljj/0fx?

• ;DaGwLt sfdsf] cg'ej ePsf]nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .

• cfj]bssf] pd]/ !* jif{ k'/f eO{ $) jif{ ggf3]sf] x'g'kg{]5 . ª_ sfo{ljj/0f • ;b:ox?sf] 3/ tyf k;nx?df uP/ gub ;+sng ug{] .

• gofF ;b:o lj:tf/ ug{] .

• ;+:yfn] k|bfg ug{] cGo nIox? k'/f ug{] . tna tyf cGo ;'ljwfx? cfk;L ;dembf/Ldf to ul/g]5 . dfly pNn]lvt of]Uotf k'u]sf OR5's AolQmx?n] xfn;fn} lvr]sf] kf;kf]6{ ;fOhsf]] kmf]6f], jfof]8f6f / x:tlnlvt lgj]bg ;lxt of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] !% lbg leq -@)&^ sflQ{s !$ ut] lbgsf] % jh]_ ;+:yfsf] d'Vo sfof{nodf cfOk'Ug] u/L b/vf:t lbg'x'g ;'lrt ul/G5 . ;fy} 5f]6f] ;"lrdf k/]sf pDd]4jf/x?nfO{ dfq} cGt{jftf{sf] nflu ;Dks{ ul/g]5 .

-gf]6M of] ;"rgf ;+:yfsf] dGh'/Lljgf cGo kqklqsfdf 5flkPdf ;+:yf lj1fkg z'Ns ltg{ jfWo x'g]5}g ._

;'Gb/nfn /+lht /fh]Gb| sdf{rfo{ z]ifgf/fo0f ;'jfn e'jg >]i7 Zofdk|sfz k|wfgf· k|df]b;'Gb/ >]i7 tkfO{x?sf] ;]jfdf ;dlk{t u|Ln, ;6/, 8]S;, a]Gr, uf]n e¥ofª, s}rLu]6, d]gu]6, 6«; lgdf{0f u/L ;]jf k|bfg ub{} cfPsf]

P;=Pg= d]6n P08 cfNdf]lgod l:6n jS;{ n] ;dosf] dfu cg';f/ sfe|]jf;Lsf] ;]jfdf cfNdf]lgod M em\ofn, 9f]sf, clkm;, kf6{];g, ;6/ kf6{];g, :sfOnfO6 l:6n, e¥ofª, j/G8f, /]lnª, l;lnª, l;d]G6af]8{ 3/ lgdf{0fsf] ;fy} ;f]nf/ lx6/sf] klg ;'ljwf k|bfg u/]sf]df 3/, uf]bfd, v]taf/L, v]nd}bfg ;'/lIft ug{sf] nflu sDkfp08 r]gln+s hfnL pTkfbg / ljt/0f ub{} cfO/x]sf] 5

3/, k;n, clkm; ;lxt lgdf{0f ;DaGwL kmnfd, cfNdf]lgod, l:6n /]lnË, ;f]nf/ lx6/, sDkfp08 r]gln+s hfnLsf] nflu l;wf ;Dks{

k|f]= dl0f/fd Gof}kfg]

P;=Pg= d]6n P08 cfNdf]lgod l:6n jS;{ -s~rg OG6/k|fOh]h sDkgL k|f=ln=_ ag]kf, gfnf/f]8, lgi6 sn]haf6 !)) ld6/ k/_ ;Dks{ M (*%!)$($%), (*)!)$($%), (*$!@)^^(*

;Dks{

s~rg s:d]l6s

ag]kf, tLgbf]af6f], -lemu' dMdMsf] cufl8_

kmf]g g+= (*^)^@$!&)

r]i6f ;fKtflxs k|sfzgsf nflu k|sfzs.;Dkfbs M czf]s Jof~h", sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbs M df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf, sfof{no M ag]kf !), sfe|], kmf]g g+= )!!^^@$($ email: cheshtaweekly@yahoo.com/website: www.cheshtaweekly.com.np, d'b|0f M ;Gtf]if lk|lG6ª k|];, ag]kf, sfe|]