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k|b]z :t/sf] ‘s’ >]0fLsf] ;fKtflxs

sf]/f]gfaf6 5 hgfsf] lgwg

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w'lnv]n÷e'Dn' ufpFkflnsf j8f gDj/ @ 3/ ePsL %^ aifL{of dlxnfsf] sf]/f]gfs} sf/0f ebf} #! ut] c;n ;dfh lgdf{0fsf nflu sf7df8f} d]l8sn sn]hdf pkrf/ ubf{ ub{} ;To ;dfrf/sf] ;Dk|]if0f lgwg eof] . cfdfsf] lgwg eP kl5 5f]/fdf klg ;+qmd0f k'i6L ePsf] 5 . lhNnfdf sf]/f]gf efO{/;sf] ;+qmd0faf6 ^ hgfn] Hofg u'dfPsf 5g\ . ebf} & ut] e'Dn' ufpFkflnsf @ jif{ @^ c+s $* @)&& c;f]h * ut] ljxLjf/ (Thursday, 24 Sept. 2020) g]kfn ;+jt\ !!$), d"No ?= %. -pkTosfsf] nflu ?= &_ k]h * www.cheshtaweekly.com.np

sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0faf6 kgf}tL gu/kflnsfdf @, kfFrvfn gu/kflnsfdf !, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfdf ! / e'Dn' ufpFkflnsfdf @ hgfn] Hofg u'dfPsf 5g\ .

;'Gb} ckTofl/nf ck/fw

3/ ePsL dlxnfnfO{ Hj/f] / bd a9] kl5 pkrf/sf nflu sf7df8f+} nluPsf] lyof] . pkrf/sf qmddf bdsf sf/0f vf]sL a9]sf] / lgdf]lgof ;d]t ePsf] k'i6L ePsf] lyof] . c:ktfnn] klxnf]k6s dlxnfdf u/]sf] sf]/f]gf kl/If0f ;d]t g]u]l6e cfPsfn] ;fdfGo cj:yfaf6} pkrf/ eO{/x]sf] lyof] . bf]>f]k6s c:ktfnn] ebf} @& ut] lkl;cf/ kl/If0fsf nflu :jfa ;+sng u¥of] . @* ut] dlxnfdf sf]/f]gf kf]h]l6e b]lvof] . c:ktfndf pkrf/fy{ dlxnfdf @) lbg kl5 sf]/f]gf b]lvP kl5 c:ktfnsf] r/d nfk{jflx ePsf] kl/jf/n] u'gf;f] u/]sf lyP . …klxnf] k6s g]u]l6e l/kf]6{ cfP/ lg/Gt/ pkrf/ eO{/x]sf] cj:yfdf bf]>f] k6s Tolx c:ktfndf egf{ eO{/xFbf pxfFdf kf]h]l6e b]lvg' c:ktfnsf] nfk{jflx xf]Ú–dlxnfsf] 5f]/fn] eGg'eof]–…sf]le8 kf]h]l6e ePkl5 cfdfnfO{ x]g{ / 5'g klg lbO{Pg ebf} #! ut] pxfFsf] lgwg ePsf] hfgsf/L u/fO{of] .Ú cfdfsf] lgwg eP/ lsl/of a;] kl5 5f]/fsf] kl/If0f ul/Psf] lyof] . lsl/ofd} /xFbf pxfFdf klg kf]h]l6e b]lvPsf] 5 . e'Dn' ufpFkflnsf j8f gDj/ @ l;DynLdf cfdfsf] lsl/of ul//x] s f] cj:yfdf pgnfO{ :jf:YosdL{ / hgk|ltlgwL tyf cfkmGtn] /]vb]v ul//x]sf 5g\ . ufpFkflnsfn] pQm If]q lzn u/]sf] 5 . e'Dn'df s]lx lbg cl3 Ps dlxnfsf] lgwg ePsf] lyof] . sf]/f]gfaf6 lgwg x'g]sf] ;+Vof e'Dn'df @ k'u]sf] 5 eg] lhNnfdf ^ k'u]sf] 5 . ;f]daf/ ;fFem w'lnv]n c:ktfndf pkrf/fy{ kgf}tL % 3/ ePsL %) aifL{of dlxnfsf] lgwg ePsf] lyof] . o;cl3 kfFrvfndf !, kgf}tLdf !, w'lnv]ndf ! / e'Dn'df ! hgfn] Hofg u'dfPsf lyP .

CHESHTA WEEKLY

df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf w'lnv]n t]dfn ufpFkflnsf j8f gDj/ ^ 7'nf]k;{]n 3/ ePsf %! aifL{o 6'Ns' nfdfn] ;f]n'v'Da' 3/ ePsL @) aifL{o aflnsf;Fu cj}w ha{h:tL zfl//Ls ;DaGw /fv] . ;DaGw kl5 aflnsf ue{jtL eO{g\ . * dlxgfsf] ue{ /x];Dd nfdfn] aflnsfnfO{ nnfO{ kmsfO{ em'nfO{ /x] . 6'Ns'n] ufpFdf a:g c;xh ePkl5 aflnsfnfO{ s]lxlbg cl3 gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsf l:yt es'08]sf] Ps xf]6ndf /fv] . t/ 6'Ns' a;]gg\ . nfdf] ;do;Dd xf]6ndf a;]sL aflnsfn] k};f glbPsf] / xf]6ndf NofP/ /fVg] AolQm klg gcfPsfn] xf]6nsf k|f]kfO{6/n] k|x/L rf}sL es'08]df va/ u/] . k|x/L rf}sLdf hfgsf/L u/fP kl5 v'Nof] aflnsf * dlxgfsL ue{jtL x'g\ . pgnfO{ Nofpg] 6'Ns' ;Dks{ ljlxg eP . k|x/Ln] aflnsfnfO{ lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no sfe|] k7fof] . @)&& c;f]h $ ut] lbpF;f] k|x/Ln] 6'Ns'nfO{ klg kqmfp u¥of] . aflnsfsf] :jf:Yo kl/If0f u/fof] . ca}w ;DaGwaf6 /x]sf] ue{af6 hGdg] aRrf / aRrf hGdfpg] cfdfsf] eljiosf af/]df ;/f]sf/jfnf lrlGtt 5g\ . t/ aflnsf ;xdltdf ;DaGw /fv]sfn] 6'Ns' lj?4 s'g} ph'/L glbg] c8fgdf l5g\ . 6'Ns'sf] kl/jf/sf] tkm{af6 klg ph'/L lbg cfgfsfgL ePsf] 5 . %! aifL{o 6'Ns'sf >LdtL ;lxt ;Gtfg 5g\ . gfltgL pd]/sL aflnsfnfO{ Tof] cj:yfdf k'¥ofpFbf klg sf/jfxLsf nflu kLl8tx?sf] tkm{af6 ;xh alg/x]sf] 5}g . k|x/Ln] aflnsfnfO{ dfO{tL g]kfnnfO{ lhDdf nufpFb} 6'Ns'nfO{ cfjZos sf/jfxLsf] k|s[of z'? u/]sf] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . t]dfnaf6 sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf

;f]n'v'Da' k'Ubf aflnsf;Fu VofnVofndf k|]d x'Fbf ;DaGw /fVg k'u]sf] o'jtLn] atfPsL l5g\ . o'jtLn] ph'/L lbg gdfg]kl5 6'Ns'nfO{ ;fwf/0f tf/]vdf l/xf u/]sf] 5 . o'jtL dfO{tL g]kfndf l5g\ . aRrf hlGdP kl5 yk cg';Gwfg ul/g] k|x/Ln] atfPsf] 5 . 111 dxfef/t ufpFkflnsf j8f gDj/ ! uf]s'n] wfk 3/ ePsL !$ aifL{of aflnsfnfO{ @! aifL{o o'jsn] dWo/ftdf 3/df ;'lt/x]sf] ;dodf em\ofnaf6 k;]/ ha{hl:t s/0fL u/] . aflnsfsL cfdfn] k|x/Ldf lbPsf] hfx]/Ldf gftfn] cfkm\g} sfsf kg{] o'jsn] ha{hl:ts/0fL u/L aflnsfnfO{ Hofg dfg{] wDsL lbPsf] pNn]v 5 . @)&& efb| @% ut] /flt cGbfhL !!=#) ah]sf] ;dodf aflnsfsf] cfkm\g} 3/sf] sf]7fdf ha{hl:t s/0fL u/]sf] hfx]/Ldf pNn]v 5 . @)%( ;fn kmfu'g @! ufpF glhs} 3/ ePsf k'?if;Fu ljjfx u/L 3/ Aojxf/ rnfpFb} hfFbf cfkm\gf] sf]vaf6 hGd]sf @ 5f]/f / @ 5f]/L dWo]] !$ jif{sL h]7L 5f]/LnfO{ sfsf gftf kg{] o'jsn] ha{hl:t s/0fL u/]sf] cfdfn] lbPsf] hfx]/Ldf ls6fgL ul/Psf] 5 . efb| @% ut] /flt aflnsf ;'Tg] sf]7fdf 9f]sf nufP/ udL{sf sf/0f em\ofn v'Nnf /fv]/ ;'t]sL lyO{g\ . /ftL sl/a !!=#) ah] aflnsf ;'Tg] sf]7fdf ‰ofnaf6 k|a]z u/L a;]sf lyP . aflnsf lk;fa km]g{ aflx/ uP/ leq k|j]z u/] nuQ} pgn] ha{hl:t u/]sf lyP . aflnsf lrRofpg vf]Hbf d'v aGb u/L 3fF6L lgdf]7L dfg{] k|of; u/]sf o'jsn] s/0fLkl5 s;}nfO{ geGg wlDs lbb} em\ofnaf6} efu]sf lyP . aflnsfn] afa'nfO{ cfkm\gf] cj:yfsf af/]df eGg g;s] kl5 efb| @^ ut] cfdfnfO{ eg]sL lyO{g\ . efb| @& ut] cfdfn] aflnsfsf] cj:yf ;lxtsf] hfx]/L lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no sfe|]df btf{ ul/g\ . k|ltjfbL o'js kqmfp k/]sf 5g\ .

e'sDk kl5 lgdf{0f ul/Psf] ;fgf] 3/df aflnsf ;'lt/x]sL lyO{g\ . aflnsf PSn} ;'lt/x]sf] df}sf 5f]kL o'jsn] ha{h:tL u/]sf] cfz+sf kl/jf/n] u/]sf 5g\ . aflnsfsf afa'cfdf cs{} 3/sf] l5F8Ldf ;'lt/x]sf lyP . uf]s'n]df Ps} jif{ !% eGbf w]/}sf] afnljjfx ePsf] 5 . 111

afNosfn kL8f g} kL8fdf latfPsL @* aifL{o Ps o'jtL >Ldfg\sf] ;fydf /xFbf /xFb} tLghgf k'?ifsf] k6s k6ssf] anfTsf/df k/]sL l5g\ . /fd]5fk lhNnf ;fljs lr;fkfgL uflj; j8f gDj/ ! 3/ eO{ xfn dGynL gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ * 3/ eO{ w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ $ av'08f]ndf a:b} cfPsL o'jtL anfTsf/df k/]sL x'g\ . kfFr jif{sf] Ps ;Gtfg /x]sL o'jtL ;fg} x'Fbf cfuf]n] kf]n]sf sf/0f Pp6f :tg 5}g . :tgdf cfuf]n] kf]n]sf sf/0f csf{]

:tgsf] 5fnf sf6]/ pkrf/ ul/Psf] lyof] . Tolx a]nf b]lv ;fdfGo ljifodf afx]s s]lx ghfGg] pgL kf]N6«L kmd{df @) jif{ b]lv sfd ub{} cfPsf k'?if;Fu k|]d ljjfxdf k/]sL lyO{g\ . & jif{ cl3 plgx?sf] k|]d ljjfx ePsf] lyof] . plgx?sf] ;DaGwaf6 hlGdPsf] kfFr jif{sf] 5f]/f 5 . 5f]/f hlGdP b]lv g} >Ldfg\ >LdtL cnu cnu sf]7fdf ;'Tg] u/]sf lyP . >Ldfg\n] k6s k6s >LdtLnfO{ Pp6} sf]7fdf ;'Tg / ;DaGwnfO{ ;'dw'/ agfpg k|of; u/] klg pgn] dfg]sL lyO{gg\ . >Ldfg >LdtLsf] pd]/ klg s]lx jif{ cGt/ 5 . s'v'/f kmd{df sfd ug{] cGo AolQmx? klg lyP . ;a} Tolx 3/df ;'Tg] ePsfn] ;xh lrghfg x'g' :jefljs eof] . plgx? b'a} hgf Tolx sfd ub{} cfPsf lyP . Tolx sfd ug{] dWo]sf ljzfn cfn] Ps x'g . pg} afFsL & k]hdf

‘w'lnv]n, ag]kf, kgf}tL / a]yfGrf]s’ ns8fpgsf] cj;/ ‘tLgwf/] em/gf’ :df6{ l;6Lsf] ‘df:6/ Knfg’ ko{6gsf nflu k|d'v uGtJo :yn

sfkmn8fF8f, /f]zL÷ns8fpgn] htftt} c;/ k'¥ofPsf] 5 . gful/sx?sf b}lgs hLjg c;xh / si6s/ aGb} uP .

hf]lvddf gful/sx?sf] Hofg arfpg tLg txs} ;/sf/ ;lqmo eO{/x]sf 5g\ . sf]/f]gf efO{/;n] c;/ dfq} k'¥ofPsf] 5}g :yfgLo

:t/df cj;/ ;d]t ;[hgf u/]sf] 5 . To;sf] pbfx/0f xf] sfe|]sf] /f]zL ufpFkflnsf l:yt j8f gDj/ @ df /x]sf] sfkmn8fF8fl:yt tLgwf/] em/gf . ;fdflhs ;~hfndf l5d]sL b]z ef/tdf afx'anL lkmNddf k|of]u ul/Psf] em/gfsf] ;+1f lbg yflnPsf] 5 . cf]em]ndf /x]sf] tLgwf/] em/gf ns8fpgs} cj:yfdf k|rf/df cfof] . /f]zL ufpFkflnsfn] ufpFkflnsf leq /x]sf ko{6lso ;Defjgf af]s]sf :yfg / k|fs[lts ;Dkbfx?sf] ;+/If0f ug{] pb]Zon] cWoog u/L k|sfzg u/]sf] b:tfj]h?kL k':tssf sf/0f pQm If]qdf cWoog ug{] ljBfyL{x?sf] ;d'x k'u]sf] lyof] . ;f]lx :yfgaf6 ufpFkflnsfn] a[xQ vfg]kfgLsf] z'? ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . ufpFkflnsfn] k|fyldstfdf /fVg z'? u/]sf] tLgwf/] em/gfsf ?kdf ltg} afFsL @ k]hdf

clGtd r/0fdf

w'lnv]n÷sfe|] pkTosfsf] ;d[l4sf] cfwf/, lzIff, :jf:Yo, s[lif, ko{6g Aofkf/ / k"jf{wf/ eGg] gf/fsf ;fy ag]kf, w'lnv]n, kgf}tL gu/kflnsf / a]yfGrf]s ufpFkflnsfnfO{ :df6{ l;6Lsf ?kdf ljsf; ug{ rf/j6} :yfgLo txsf k|d'v, pkk|d'v, k|d'v k|zf;lso clws[t, OlGhlgo/x? ;lDdlnt a}7sn] cfjZos tof/L ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . w' l nv] n gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v czf]s Aof~h'sf] ;+of]hsTjdf ;DkGg a}7sdf rf/j6f :yfgLo ;/sf/n] :df6{ l;6Lsf nflu ug{] / ug{ ;lsg] ljifodf 5nnkmn ePsf] lyof] . …sfe|] pkTosfsf] ;d[l4sf nflu :df6{ l;6L agfpg] ljifodf df:6/ Knfg tof/ eO{/x]sf] 5Ú–;+of]hs Pj+ w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v czf]s Aof~h'n] eGg'eof]–…:df6{

l;6Lsf nflu cfjZos k"jf{wf/ ;lxtsf] tof/L clGtd r/0fdf k'u]sf] 5 .Ú tLgj6f gu/kflnsf / ufpFkflnsfdf ePsf ljsf;sf k'jf{wf/ tyf ca ug{] lgdf{0fdf ;fem]bf/L / :df6{ agfpg] u/L df:6/ Knfg tof/ eO{/x]sf] 5 . s[lif, ko{6g, ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf, :jf:Yo, lzIff nufotsf ljifodf ;+o'Qm ljsf;sf nflu tof/L ePsf] 5 . sfe|]sf tLgj6f gu/kflnsfdf z'? ePsf] Plss[t vfg]kfgL, sl/8f]/ lgdf{0f kl5 a]yfGrf]s ufpFkflnsfnfO{ ;d]t ;d]6]/ ug{ nfluPsf] of] csf{] kl/of]hgf xf] . k|:tfljt pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf nflu klg of] kl/of]hgfn] yk an k'¥ofpg] 5 . a]yfGrf]s s[lif pkhsf nflu dxTjk"0f{ :yfgsf ?kdf lrlgb} cfPsf] 5 . lhNnfsf] cUnf] :yfg afFsL @ k]hdf

;'/IffsdL{ k|efljt

g]kfnL ;]gfsf] kfFrvfn l:yt tflnd s]Gb|df Ps} lbg d+unaf/ ^* hgfdf sf]/f]gf kf]h]l6e b]lvPsf] 5 . 5fpgL l:yt ;]gfsf] c:ktfndf ul/Psf] kl/If0fdf tflnd s]Gb|df /x]sf ;}lgsx?df sf]/f]gf kf]h]l6e b]lvPsf] xf] . o;cl3 pQm Aof/]ssf !) hgf AolQmx?df sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0f b]lvPsf] lyof] . g]kfnL ;]gfn] ld;g k7fpFbf pQm Aof/]sdf tflnd lbP/ dfq} k7fpg] u/]sf] 5 . ljleGg b]zdf hfg 5gf}6 ePsf tyf tflnd s]Gb|d} sfo{/t AolQmx?df ;+qmd0f b]lvPsf] xf] . tflnd s]Gb|df Tolt w]/} AolQmdf ;+qmd0f b]lvP klg lhNnf l:yt sdf08 kf]i6;Fu ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ePsf] 5}g . ;]gfsf] cfkm\g} ;+/rgf dfkm{t ;+qmd0f /f]Sg] k|of; ePsf] x'g ;Sg] sdf08 kf]i6n] cg'dfg u/]sf] 5 . kfFrvfnd} /x]sf] ;z:q k|x/L u0fdf /x]sf !) k|x/Ldf klg o;cl3 ;+qmd0f b]lvPsf] lyof] . plgx? ;a} lgsf] eO{;s]sf 5g\ . g]kfn k|x/Lsf @@ hgfdf klg ;+qmd0f k'i6L ePsf] lyof] . lhNnfdf ;+qmldtx?sf] ;+Vof a'waf/ lbpF;f];Dd % ;o $( k'u]sf] 5 . d+unaf/ Ps} lbg lhNnfdf *) hgf ;+qmldt AolQm ylkPsf lyP . a'waf/ lbpF;f];Dd # ;o $) hgf ;+qmd0f lht]/ 3/ kmls{;s]sf] lhNnf sdf08 kf]i6sf ;b:o ;lrj Pj+ lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no sfe|]sf k|d'v al/i7 :jf:Yo k|zf;s 8f= g/]Gb|s'df/ emfn] hfgsf/L lbg' ePsf] 5 . sf]/f]gf efO{/; -sf]le8–!(_ sf] sf/0f of] xKtf k[i7 * dfq k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . –;+=

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

;DkfbsLo== = = = = = = = = = =

ljBfno lzIffk|lt xfd|f] ljBdfg wf/0ffdf kl/jt{g cfjZos 5

;s + 6df gyfss ] f] ljsf; x/]s ljklQx?n] b'Mv dfq} lgDTofPsf 5}gg\. b'Mv;Fu} cj;/ klg lbPsf x'G5g\ / lbg]5g\. t/ Tof] ;+s6 jf ljklQnfO{ cj;/df abNg ;Sg]x?n] dfq} gofF hLjg / gofF ofqfsf] z'?jft ug{ ;S5. ;+s6sf] aLrdf gyfs]sf :yfgLo ;/sf/n] ljsf;sf ultnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf 5g\. ljklQdf lgoldt ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg u/L :yfgLo ;/sf/n] lnPsf] nIo k"/f ug{ cu|;/ ePsf 5g\. sf]/f]gfsf] dxfdf/L rln/x]sf] 5. qf;df /f]lsPsf b}lgs hLjgx? ;xh agfpg k|of; eP klg lgoldttf cfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\. dxfdf/Lsf aLr w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfdf lg/Gt/ ljsf;n] ult lnPsf] 5. sf]/f]gfn] 5]Sg g;s]sf] ljsf;n] w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfn] lnPsf] nIo klS8/x]sf] 5. ut cfly{s jif{df sf]/f]gfsf] qf;sf] aLrdf gu/kflnsfn] (% k|ltzt lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ ;DkGg u/]sf] 5. gu/kflnsfn] cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{sf] cGTo;Dddf #@ j6f kfs{ lgdf{0f ;DkGg u/]sf] 5. rfn' jif{df !% j6f kfs{ lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug{]5 eg] cfufdL jif{df !* j6f kfs{ lgdf{0f u/L kfFr jif{df ^% j6f kfs{ lgdf{0f ug{ nIo k'/f ug]{ 5. sl/a # ;o ^) /f]kgLsf] Nof08 k'lnË -cfjf; If]q_ nfO{ cflGtd r/0fsf] sfo{ ug{ gu/ ljsf; sf]ifsf] tkm{af6 cfly{s nufgL % s/f]8;Dd nufgL ug]{ tof/L z'? ul/Psf] 5. j8f gDj/ $ l:yt e"dL Aoj:yfkg hfg] dfu{ lgdf{0f sfo{ eO{/x]sf] 5. sf]/f]gfn] ;8s lgdf{0fnfO{ s'g} c;/ kf/]sf] 5}g. ;fdflhs b"/L ;lxtsf] ;'/Iff dfkb08 k"/f u/L ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{ eO{/x]sf] 5. j8f gDj/ & ;'kf/L6f/ dfu{df ^) k|ltzt gu/kflnsf / $) k|ltzt hg;xeflutfdf af6f] 9nfg sfo{ ePsf] 5. ns8fpgs} cjwLdf w'lnv]n–e§]8fF8f–sfe|]–e~HofË ;8s lkr ePsf] 5. j8f gDj/ & sf] :jf:y rf}sL ejg lgdf{0f sfo{ eO{/x]sf] 5. j8f gDj/ $ 5fkufpF ;8s lkr pkef]Qmf ;ldlt dfkm{t lgdf{0f ePsf] 5. k|To]s j8fdf ;8s tyf cGo k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ eO{/x]sf] 5. :jR5 gu/sf :j:y gful/s cleofg cGt{ut kfs{, ;8s, vfg]kfgL tyf ljleGg k"jf{wf/x? lgdf{0f eO{/x]sf 5g\. sf]/f]gf kl5sf] ;Gqf;df klg gu/kflnsfn] ljsf;sf] ultnfO{ cufl8 a9fpFb} gful/sx?sf] hLjg:t/ ;xh / ;/n agfpg u/]sf] k|of; ;Xflgo 5. ;+s6df gyfs]sf] ljsf;nfO{ cem} lg/Gt/tf / Aofkstf agfpg ;a} kIfsf] ;lqmotf cfjZos 5.

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jif{ @^ c+s $* @)&& c;f]h * ut] ljxLjf/

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;/sf/L ljBfno / gLlh ljBfnosf] lhDd]jf/L p2]Zo , cj:yf / kl/j];g} lgtfGt j]Un} 5 eGg] s'/f g]kfnsf ;FfRr}sf g]kfn a'em]sfx?nfO{ k|:6 yfxf 5 . :yfkgfs]f k[i7 e"ld ef}lts k"jf{wf/ cleefjsn] ljBfyL{nfO{ ug{] nufgL / lbg] ;'ljwf , ;fdflhs /jfkm , /fhgLlts x:tIf]ksf] cj:yf oL ;a} s'/fsf] jf:tljs ljZn]if0f Jofks ?kdf x'g' h?/L e} ;s]sf] 5 . ef/t agf/;sf ^% jif{] s}nfz l;+xn] #$ jif{ b]lv gg'xfPsf]n] cfkm" ;+;f/s} uGxfpg] dfG5] ePsf] 3f]if0ff u/] . pgnfO{ s;}n] kfun eg] s;}n] k|rf/sf] Pp6f unt ?ksf] k|of]u stf{, t/ pgsf] Tof] 5bd\ e]ifjf6 jflx/ cfpg] lxDdt / tLt} eP klg ;TonfO{ l:jsf/ ug{ ;Sg] ;fx;sf] eg] s]xLn] dfq Vofn u/] . xfdLn] klg ca cfˆgf sdhf/Lx? l:jsf/ ug{ lxrlsrfpg' x'Fb}g, dflg;n] ulNt u5{ t/ To;jf6 kf7 l;Sg] s'/fdf nHhfjf]w ug{' s;}sf] lxtdf x'Fb}g . lzIff If]qdf xfd|f] ljBfno d"ntM ;/sf/L ljBfnox? clxn] jbgfd agfOPsf 5\g\ . P;O{O{ / o;sf] kl/0ffdsf] ;Gbe{ p7\gf;fy ljBfno If]q;+u ;DalGwt dflg;x?sf] cf]7 tfn' ;'Sg yfN5 . ;/sf/n] lju|]sf] k/LIff k/L0ffdnfO{ lnP/ s]xL lbg;Dd cg]s ts{ s'ts{df cfˆgf dfG5]x?nfO{ ljleGg dfWod jf6 cufl8 NofpFg] / 7"nf] nufgL u/]sf] eGb} cfˆgf] nuflgnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ jrfjsf] k|of;\ ug{] clg cGo If]qnfO{ bf]if lbP/ cfˆgf] lgbf{]iftfsf] k'li6 ug{] Pp6f k/Dk/f g} j;fn]sf] 5 rfx] Tof] s;}n] gkTofc]f;\ . of] ;dodf ;+u} /x]sf cGo kIfx? klg cf–cfˆgf] jrfjsf nflu ljljw dfWodaf6 k|s6 x'G5g\ / s'g} cd's / lgj{n kIfdf nu]/ ;Dk"0f{ bf]if y'kf/]/ cfkm" cf]efg} /x]sf] b]vfpg] k|of;\ x'G5 . b'lgofnfO{ pNn' agfpg] of] tdf;fdf lzIff If]qsf ;a} snfsf/x? cf–cfˆgf 9+uaf6 ;l/s x'G5g\ . bf]if lng] lrhg} x}g To;}n] s;}n] lnb}gg\ . of] jif{ o; ;d:ofjf6 eg] ;a}nfO{ /fxt g} dxz'; eof] . vf;u/L ;/sf/L ljBfnonfO{ clxn] h'g?kdf k'¥ofOPsf] 5 To;sf] d"Vo sf/0f ;/sf/sf] lzIff ;DjlGw gLlt g} xf] of] s'/f hutnfO{ yfxf 5 . lghL ljBfnodf nufgLug{] / ;/sf/L ljBfnonfO{ Wj:t jgfP/ cfˆgf] Jofj;flos :jfy{ k'/f ug{ sd{rf/L /fhgLlt1 tyf lzIfsx?s} Pp6f ju{ sDd/ s;]/ nfu]sf] 5 , of] cj;/ s:n] lbO/x]sf] 5 < cfwf/e"t txdf + sfd ug{] dfG5]x?nfO{ v]tfnfsf ?kdf lgo'lQm ul/G5 . s'g} Go"gtd k|df0f kqsf cfwf/df tNnf] txdf lzIfs elt{ ul/G5 , lgo'lQm k|lqmofnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ k6Ss} ?lr /flvPsf] 5}g , ;j} eGbf dxTjk"0f{} txdf ;j} eGbf sd of]Uotfsf] k|of]u ;j} eGbf ;:tf] d"Nodf ul/Psf] 5 . lzIfs lgo' l Qmsf] nflu k|ToIf?kdf /fhgLlts x:tIf]k / efujG8f rNg] u5{ . /fhgLlts ?kdf ;+/lIft lzIfsn] k|;f;gsf] lgoGq0fdf j:g dfGb}g / cfkm"nfO{ lgo'lQm u/]sf] u'g ltg{ kf6L{ lxtsf lqmofsnfkjf6 ljBfnonfO{ k|efljt kfg{] k|of; u5{ . pRr kb:yx?n] cfˆgf / cfˆgLx?sf] lgo'lQmdf ;/n / ;xh\ x'g] u/L of]Uotfsf] lgwf{/0f / ljifosf] 5gf}6 / k|s[ofsf] lgwf{/0f ug{] xfd|f] k/Dk/fn] klg xfd|f] lzIff If]qnfO{ lg/Gg/ eb|uf]n agfpg dnhn g} u/]sf] 5 . of] z}lIfs c:to:ttfsf] bf;|f] sf/0f sd{rf/L tGqsf] clN5 / cul:tkg\ xf] eg] t];|f] sf/0f cfˆg} 3/ jfn]/ cfuf] tfKg] / v/fgL jf]Sg] lzIfsx? x'g\ . o;\ jfx]ssf cGo sf/0fx? kl/l:ylt l;lh{t gLlt / gt[Tjsf] c;Ifdtfsf sf/0f dfq l;h{gf ePsf] dfGg' kb{5 . To:t} csf{] kf6f] 5 ,gLlh If]qdf nufgL / nfexfgLsf] c+lzof/Lsf] . lghL lzIf0f ;+:yf s:n] vf]n]sf] 5 < o;df k|ToIf ck|ToIf xft ;/sf/L lzIff If]qs} lzIfs sd{rf/Lx?sf] k|i6 b]Vg ;lsG5 . lgo'lQm lnP kl5 ;/sf/L tnj h;/L klg cfOg} xfN5, cfDbflgsf] j}slNks ;|f]tsf ?kdf gLlh ljBfnodf nufgL ug{] / ;/sf/L ljBfnodf kl9/x]sf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ cfˆg} nufgLsf] gLlh ljBfnodf Nofpg cg]s k|k~r k"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng] u/]sf pbfx/0fx? klg k|;:t} 5g\ . ;/sf/L tflnd ;/sf/L ljBfnodf nfu" x'b}g pQm tflndsf] sfof{Gjog gLlh ljBfnodf b]Vg ;lsG5 . h; lng klg gLlh

df}g ;dy{gdf ;/sf/L ljBfnox?sf] lvnfkm / gLlh ljBfnox?sf] kIfdf jsfnt ug{] / To;jf6 e8\s]sf cleefjs / ljBfyL{jf6 cfˆgf] Joj;fonfO{ ;kmn jgfpg] sfo{df pgLx? ;kmn e} /x]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/L ljBfnox? Pp6f nfrf/ ;+:yfsf ?kdf pEofOPsf 5g\ . 6f7f jf7fnfO{ o;sf] dtna 5}g . lzIfssf 5f]/f5f/L s]lx afx]s oxfF k9\b}gg, g]kfnsf lzIff If]qsf d'w{Go JolQm / JolQmTjx?sf cfkmGt oxfF kfO{Ggg\ . hxfF lghL ljBfnox? 5g\ ToxfFsf ;/sf/L ljBfnodf k9\g] ljBfyL{ / k9fpg] cleefjssf] t]hf]jw ug{] ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; ul/Psf] 5 . x]nf / lv;L 6\o'/Lsf] ckmjfx / ;DkGgtf emNsfpg] Pp6f ;"rssf] ?kdf klg gLlh ljBfnonfO{ dfWod jgfOPsf] sf/0fn] klg gLlh ljBfnodf ljBfyL{ j9\g] / ;/sf/L ljBfnodf 36\b} hfg] cj:yfsf] l;h{gf ePsf] xfd|f] 3l6of j'l4n] klg ;xh} cg'dfg ul//x]sf] 5 . clxn]t ;fdfGo lghL ljBfnox? klg dfxfdf/Ln] cqmfGt / cfly{s ?kdf w/f;foL ePsf5g\ . ;/sf/L If]qaf6 ljBfno If]q ;'wf/sf gfddf 7"nf] /sd vr{ e}/x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx? /Ë /Ësf / ;fO{h ;fO{hsf emf]nf jf]s]/ bf}l8/x]sf 5g\ . clt{ pkb]z ljlw / 1fgsf lzIff If]q ;'wfg{] ljljw pkfo / lzIffsf gljgtd\ l;4fGt ;d]t km// ;'gfpFb} pgLx? lxl8/x]sf 5g\ . pgLx?nfO{ yfxf 5 of] hl6n ljlwn] x}g ;/n ;xh / OdfGbf/ ljlwn] dfq xfd|f] lzIff If]q ;'wfg{ ;lsG5 t/ hfGbf hfGb} klg pgLx? ljlw zf:qsf] em08f af]s]/ dfq bf}l8/x]sf 5g\ . ;Gt'ngdf rNg] If]qnfO{ s'g} Pp6f kIfn] dfly bjfj lbP/ dL7f] kmnsf] ck]Iff ug{ l;sfpg / kl/l:ylt emg\ e8\sfpg Psy/L lzIffljb\x? sDd/ s;]/ nfu]sf 5g\ eg] csf{y/L ljåfg j'l4hLljx? gLlh / ;/sf/L ljBfnonfO{ t'ngf ug{] cf}hf/sf ?kdf ;]jf ;'ljwf / kfl/>ldsnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL /x]sf] klg b]lvG5 ,gLlh af]l8{ª\x?df sfo{/t sltko lzIfsx?sf] tnj :s]n ;/sf/Lsf] t'ngfdf cToGt sd 5 t/ Tof] sd tnjn] >dsf] zf]if0f ePsf] ljifo p7fO{b}g oxfF To;nfO{ u'0f:t/sf] sf/s dfg]/ ckJofVof ul/G5 . slxn] slxF o:tf] cj:yf klg cfpg ;S5 k};fsf] 8f]sf] af]sfO lbP klg kl/0ffddf vf;} k|ult gx'g ;S5 . sfd u/]sf] x'G5 kl/>d vlr{Psf] x'G5 ;do lat]sf] x'G5 ,kf]Vg] p7fpg] qmd bf]xf]/G5 t/ kl/0ffd cfpFb}g ,o:tf] cj:yfdf k|zf;lgs bIftfsf] dfkg ul/g' kb{5 . u'0f:t/ kmn xf], kmnsf] k[i7e"lddf cg]s tTjx?n] ;xsfo{ u/]sf x'G5g\, ;/sf/L lzIff If]q ;'wfg{] 7fpFdf j:g] ToxL+jf6 sdfPsf] /sdn] lghL ljBfnodf cfˆgf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf nflu vr{sf] vf]nf aufpg], cGt/cfTdf b]lv ljBfno ;'wfg{ grfxg] clg clt{pkb]z / cf]hlxg k|jrgsf e/df ;/sf/L ljBfno ;'wfg{ ;ls+b}g . hfGg] j'‰g]6f7f jf7fsf 5f]/f 5f]/L NofP/ ;/sf/L ljBfnodf egf{ gu?Gh]n ;Dd pgLx?sf] jsfnt lg/y{s xf] / To;nfO{ / To:tfnfO{ kfv08k"0f{ jf}l4stfsf] gd'gfsf ?kdf dfq lng ;lsG5 . ;/sf/L ljBfnonfO{ ;fFRr} ;'wfg{ rfxg] xf] eg] ;/sf/n] s]lx ;do leq} cfd"n kl/jt{g ug{ ;S5 t/ Tof] cfTdf b]lvs} O{R5fsf ?kdf k|s6 x'g' kb{5 . ;/sf/nfO{ s;}n] dg gk/fpg], ;/sf/L /]l8of] s;}n] g;'Gg], l6=eL s;}n] gx]g{], xl:k6ndf k|fylds pkrf/ jfx]s lj:j; gug{], ;/sf/L ;+:yfgx? lg/Gt/ 3f6fdf hfg], ;'/Iff lgsfon] sfd gug{], cbfntsf s'/f Tolts} sfl6g], SofDk;df k9fO{ gx'g], ljBfnox?n] u'0f:t/ glbg] sd{rf/Lx? ;]jfeGbf cltl/Qm cfDbfgLsf If]q tfSg], ;/sf/L ;]jf cltl/Qm e'QmfgL u/]/dfq lng ;lsg] clxn]sf] g]kfnsf] tLtf] oyfy{nfO{ r6Ss} e'n]/ jf:tljs ;d:ofsf] kQfnufpg'sf] ;f6f] b]z ljb]z 3'd]sf / 3/jf/ hf]8]sf lzIffljb / lhDd]jf/ dflgPsf ljåfgx?n] cfkm"nfO{ pGd'lQm lbg]

lx;fjn] u/]sf / lhDd]jf/ dflgPsf cfwf/df cg]s k|k~rdf lzIfsnfO{ km;fP/ z}lIfs u'0f:t/sf] ;kgf b]Vg' pko'Qm b]lvb}g . pk/f]Qm cleJolQmjf6 lzIfsx? bf]ifd'Qm 5g\, h]h:tf] pgLx?sf] sfo{z}nL 5 Tof] cAan 5 / pgLx?n] ;'wfg{ afFsL s]xL 5}g eGg] cy{ k6Ss} gnufOof];\ . j]nufd 3f]8f h:tf] km'Ssfkmfn ?kdf sfod lzIfsx?sf] lqmofsnfkn] ckm}+ nufdsf] dfu t u/]s} 5 . t/ ;Ddfg gkr]sfnfO{ dfq ckdfg ul/g' pko'Qm x'G5 . ;a} lzIfs / ;a} ljBfno p:t} 5}gg\ . ;Dk"0f{ hLjg cfˆgf] sd{ If]qdf ck{g] lzIfs / v]tfnf lzIfs /fv]/ bf]>f] Joj;fo ug{] lzIfsnfO{ Pp6} >]0fLdf /fVg ldNg] xf]sL x}g < ;DalGwt kIfn] ;f]r]sf] Pp6f pbfx/0f 5 < cfˆgf] lhDd]jf/L lbg e/ v6]/ k'/f ug{] ljBfno / gug{] ljBfnosf] s'g} cg'udg sf] clen]v ;/sf/L lgsfo ;+u 5 < Tof] /]s8{ /fVg] / To; pk/ cfjZos sf/jfxL ug{] lgsfo sfxFf lyof] t cfh ;Dd < clg o;df p dfq bf]if d'Qmx'g ;S5 < ;/sf/L ljBfno / gLlh ljBfnosf] jf:tljs km/s eg]sf] g} ;dflhs bfloTj / :j lg0f{osf] cj;/df /x]sf] 5 . JolQmut Ifdtfdf /x]sf] ljleGgtf nfO{ ;/sf/L ljBfnon] ;a} eGbf w]/} em]Ng kl//x]sf] 5 . t/ To; k|lt ;a}n] gh/ cGbfh u/L /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;/sf/L ljBfno / lghL ljBfnosf] lhDd]jf/L p2]Zo , cj:yf / kl/j];g} lgtfGt j]Un} 5 eGg] s'/f g]kfnsf ;FfRr}sf g]kfn a'em]sfx?nfO{ k|:6 yfxf 5 . :yfkgfs]f k[i7 e"ld ef}lts k"jf{wf/ cleefjsn] ljBfyL{nfO{ ug{] nufgL / lbg] ;'ljwf, ;fdflhs /jfkm, /fhgLlts x:tIf]ksf] cj:yf oL ;a} s'/fsf] jf:tljs ljZn]if0f Jofks ?kdf x'g' h?/L e} ;s]sf] 5 . jif{sf] Ps k6s lzIfsnfO{ ufnL ug{] kj{sf] ?|kdf of] P;O{O{sf] k/LIff kl/0ffd k|sfzg kl5sf] ;donfO{ ljsf; ub{} nu]/dfq s]lx x'G5 eGg] ;f]lrg' cToGt b'v k"0f{ ljifo x'g]5 . ;/sf/L ljBfnox? sdh]f/ 5g\, ;'wfg{' kg{] ljifox? w]/} 5g\, s;}n] 7u]/} klg vfnf, ljBfno guO{ s;}n] tna klg lnof] xf]nf, s] o;sf] bf]if lzIfssf] dfq} xf] < o;f] ug{ lsg lbPsf] < o:tf s[ofsnfk /f]Sg v8f ePsf ;+:yf / sfof{non] lsg nfk/jfxL u/]sf] < o:tf] unt ug{] dfq bfifL x'g jf ;a} lzIfs < olt w]/} gx'g' kg{] e} ;s]5 t o;sf cg'udgsf/L lgsfo s] x]/]/ j;s] lyP < oqf] r]g ckm\ sdfG8 / lgod sfg'g / lgodfjnL sxfF uP < lzIff If]qnfO{ oqf] ljlw lrGg] j'´\g]x?n] ;lx gLlt lgdf{0f ug{ lsg ;s]gg\ < olx xf] gLlt eg]sf] < clg c? s'/fr} l;lwPsf] xf] < Tolt g} eg]/ 7\ofSs} l/hN6 cfOlbg] eP olt eGg oqf] jif{ lsg nufPsf] < of] eGg l9nf] ug{] kIf rflxF bf]if d'Qm g} x'g]xf] < 3f]/ bf]lif olx kIf xf] sL x}g . s] x]/]/ a;]sf] oqf] jif{ < oL ofjt k|Zgsf] oyfy{ ljZn]if0f gu/L s]jn lzIfsnfO{ dfq ltdLx?n] ;j} ug{ ;S5f} , ;SYof} t/ u/]gf} / ltdLx?g} of] z}lIfs c:tAo:tftf sf/s xf} eg]/ ;Grf/ dfWod ttfP/ dfq g]kfnsf] lzIff If]qn] g]kfnsf lzIffljbx?sf] of] cfnfkjf6 s'g} kmfObf lng ;Sb}g . gLlh If]qsf] Jofj;flos k|of]hgdf o:n] ;xof]u unf{ t/ ;'w|g{ kg{] If]qn] kmfObf lng g;s]kl5 o:tf ts{x? ;f/df ljgf cy{s} 7xl/g]5g\ . lzIffljb\x? b]zsf uxgf x'g\ , pgLx/n] ;lx ;Nnfx lbg' k5{ z}Ifs ;+s6sf] ;dodf h'g ;do clxn] cfPsf] 5 . ljBfno lzIffk|lt xfd|f] ljBdfg wf/0f kl/jt{g cfjZos 5, :jR5 w/ftndf pd|]sf] z}zj / x's{]sf] of}jgdf gsf/fTds ;f]rsf] k|j];g} x'g ;Sb}g / ;Ldf gf£bfsf] ca:yfnfO{ p:n] :jtM dof{bf / lgodsf] ?kdf c+lusf/ ub{5 . hj :jf; km]g{] xfjf / lkpg] kfgL clg vfg] uf;Fdf ;d]t unt Jojxf/ cfzo / dg;fo ePsf] k|b'if0fdf dfG5] x's{G5 eg] Tolx unt ;+:sf/nfO{ cfTd;ft ub{} hLjg z}nLsf] ?kdf ljsfz ug{] / To;}nfO{ k|lt:kwf{sf] If]q agfpg] ub{5 . o;cy{df ;du| lzIff If]qsf] ljZn]if0f ug{] ljåt ju{af6 z}lIfs ;'wf/sf nflu bjfasf] Pp6f gofF >[+vnfsf] z'?cft x''g'k5{ . h:tf ljBfyL{ cfPklg k9fpg} kg{] afWotf af]s]sf ljBfno / k|j]z k/LIff kf; ePsfnfO{ dfq lzIf0f ug{] ljBfnonfO{ Pp6} gh/n] x]g{] / d"Nof+sgsf] cfwf/ agfO{g' x'Gg . h:tf];'s} /f]uL cfP klg 7Ls kg{] c:ktfn h:tf ljBfyL{ eg{f eP klg u'0f:t/ lbg] ljBfno, rfx]sf] ;Dk"0f{ s'/f k'/f ug{] ;/sf/, h'g ;'s} s'gfdf klg ;'/Iff lbg ;Sg] ;'/Iff lgsfo, o'4df ;w}+ lht dfq xft kg{] ;]gf h:tf s'/f ukmsf ljifo x'g ;S5g\ . t/ ukm s:n] u¥of] < ukm8Ln] jf ;fRFr} k|oTg/t dfG5]n] eGg] s'/fn] klg To;df k|efj kf5{ . cfhsf] ljZj gLlt zf:qsf clt{ pkb];n] dfq rNb}g, oxfF lgod, sfg'g, ljlw, k|s[of, b08, k'/:sf/, h]n g]n ;a} Jojl:yt ul/Psf 5g\ . 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gful/sx?nfO{ arfpg xfdLn] s]lx tof/L u/]sf lyof}+ . clxn] klg Tolx tof/L cg';f/ sfd ul//x]sf 5f}+ . ;r]tgf sfo{qmd ;Fu} Sjf/]G6fO{g lgdf{0f u¥of}+ . Sjf/]G6fO{g kl5 %) a]8sf] cfO{;f]n];g klg tof/ u¥of}+ . h;af6 gful/sx?n] /fxtsf] dx;'; ug{' ePsf] 5 . klxnf] r/0fdf xfdLn] /fxt klg ljt/0f u¥of}+ . clxn] ; Dd ag] k f gu/ leqsf gful/sx?n] sf]/f]gfsf] pkrf/ gkfPsf] u'gf;f] 5}g . c:ktfn, ;+3Lo k|x/L sfof{nodf 7'nf] ;+Vofdf ;+qmldtx? b]lvP . Tolx j8fsf gful/sx? klg ;+qmldt eP . xfdLn] ;dod} To;sf] tof/L / Aoj:yfkg ul//x]sf 5f}+ . sf]/f]gfsf] qf; w]/} 5 . qf; sd ub{} gful/sx?sf] hLjg ;xh agfpg xfdLn] k|of; ul//x]sf 5f}+ . 4kmf]xf]/ d}nf Aoj:yfkg / PsLs[t vfg]kfgL nufotsf ljsf;sf sfdx? rfFlx sxfF k'u] < a g ] k f gu/kflnsfn] bL3{sfnLg ?kdf kmf]xf]/ d}nfsf] Aoj:yfkg ug{] u/L s]lx tof/L u/]sf] 5 . xfd|f] tof/LnfO{ s]lx :yfgLosf gfddf s]lx kf6L{n] cj/f]w k'¥ofPsf 5g\ . k'gM xfdL To;nfO{ cl3 a9fpg] tof/Ldf 5f}+ . To;f] gx'Fbf;Dd 7]s]bf/sf] sDkgL / gu/kflnsfn] ;jf/L ;fwg yk u/L l;;8f]ndf lgoldt kmf]xf]/ n}hfg] sfo{ ePsf] 5 . kmf]xf]/ Aoj:yfkg ug{] sfo{ gu/kflnsf PSn}sf] xf]Og . tkfO{sf] 3/ cufl8 ;kmf b]lvg dg nfUg]n] kmf]xf]/ klg ug{' x'Fb}g . t/ gful/sx?n] kmf]xf]/ d}nf Aoj:yfkgdf cfkm\gf] ;d:of dfq} dxTj c?sf] ;d:of ;fdfGo h:tf] u/]/ Aojxf/ u/] h:tf] nfU5 . xfdL ;a} gful/sx?sf] ;xhtfsf nflu lg/Gt/ kmf]xf]/ d}nf Aoj:yfkgsf nflu h'l6/x]sf 5f}+ . o;sf] bL3{sfnLg ?kdf ;dfwfg x'G5 . PsLs[t vfg]kfgLsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ clGtd r/0fdf k'u]sf] 5 . d"n 6\ofÍL;Dd vfg]kfgLsf] kl/If0f ul/Psf] 5 . slx st} ;8s lj:tf/, st} vf]nfsf sf/0f kfO{kdf ePsf] ;d:ofsf sf/0f tLgj6} gu/df vfg]kfgLsf] sfo{ l9nfO{ ePsf] xf] . sf]/f]gfn] To;nfO{ emg} k/ ws]lnlbof] . ca s]lx ;do leq} vfg]kfgLsf] sfd ;DkGg x'g]5 . PsLs[t vfg]kfgL dfq} geO{ ;fFuf, gfnfsf] lxn] hnhn], ag]kfsf cGo j8fdf ePsf] vfg]kfgLsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg u/L Ps 3/ Ps wf/fsf] cleofgnfO{ k"0f{ ?kdf sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . sl/8f]/, Plss[t vfg]kfgL, c/lgsf] /fhdfu{sf] bfofafofFsf] ;'Gb/tf, kmf]xf]/d}nf Aoj:yfkg h:tf sfo{ cufl8 a9]sf 5g\ . Tof] afx]s ag]kfsf] P]ltxfl;s r08]Zj/L dlGb/af6 uf];fO{:yfg;Ddsf] l;F9L lgdf{0f sfo{ gful/sx?s} ;xsfo{df lgdf{0f x'g]5 . xfdL pxfFx?sf] ;xof]u cg';f/sf] lznfn]vdf gfd ;dfj]z ug{]5f}+ . ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{ lta| kfl/Psf] 5 . ag]kfsf ;a} j8fdf ePsf ;8sx?sf] :t/f]GgtL, ;8s kSsL ug{] sfo{ eO{/x]sf] 5 . xfdL bfjfsf ;fy eGg ;S5f}+ lhNnfsf cGo kflnsfx?sf] t'ngfdf ag]kfdf w]/} kSsL ;8s lgdf{0f ePsf 5g\ . clxn] klg ag]kfsf] /fhbf; dfu{, ag]kfsf] k'/fgf] ahf/ leqsf] lkr, gfnf, ;fFuf If]qsf] ;8s, afF:8f]n kgf}tL ;8s lgdf{0f, ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ ! b]lv !$ ;Ddsf ;a} j8fdf ;dfg'kflts 9+usf] ah]6 ljlgof]hg u/L sfo{ eO{/x]sf] 5 . 4 ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf nflu gofF of]hgf s]lx 5g\ < xfdLn] ;+3 / k|b]z ;/sf/ ;lxtsf] ;xof]udf ag]kf !# df af;'sL kfs{

nIdLg/l;+ afb] >]i7 k|d'v ag]kf gu/kflnsf, sfe|] lgdf{0f ul//x]sf 5f}+ . ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ # df lxn]hnhn] tfn lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ z'? ePsf] 5 . cGo y'k|} of]hgfx? 5g\ . gful/sx?n] cg'e'lt ug{] vfnsf ljsf;sf sfo{x? cl3 al9/x]sf 5g\ . gu/sf] ljsf;sf nflu gu/kflnsf PSn}sf] kxn / ;xof]un] ;Dej 5}g . ;a}sf] ;xof]u / ;dGjodf gu/sf] ;'Gb/tf / ljsf; ;Dej 5 . xfdL ;a} gful/snfO{ gu/kflnsfnfO{ ;xof]usf nflu clkn ub{5f{} . 4 gful/sx?sf u'gf;f s;/L ;Daf]wg ul/Psf 5g\ < xfdL x/]s gful/sx?sf ;'emfj / u'gf;fnfO{ ;Daf]wg u5f{}{ . ;s];Dd u'gf;} gcfpg] u/L sfo{ ul//x]sf 5f}+ . s;}sf] sfd u'gf;f] dfq} ug{] x'g] /x]5 . s]lx u'gf;fx? j8faf6} ;Daf]wg x'g]5 . j8faf6 ;Daf]wg x'g g;s]sf u'gf;fx?nfO{ gu/kflnsfaf6 ;Daf]wg x'g]5 . ;a} u'gf;fx?sf] ;Daf]wg x'g]5g\ . 4cGTodf==================== gu/df ePsf ljsf; lgdf{0fnfO{ ;s] ;dy{g ug{';\ . /fd|f] sfdnfO{ /fd|f] eGg g;Sbf r'k nfUg';\. g/fd|f] sfdsf nflu lj/f]w ug{';\ xfdL ;Rofpg tof/ 5f}+ . lgjf{rgdf ul/Psf k|lta4tfx?nfO{ k'/f ub{} gofF gofF of]hgfsf ;fy gu/kflnsfnfO{ ;'Gb/ / zfGt

/l]jh kmn}g glbg ss ' /'nfO{ aGWofs/0f /l]ah lj?4sf] ;KtfxAofkL sfoq{md kfFrvfn÷/]ljh d'Qm gu/ agfpg] k|d'v dx]z v/]nn] atfpg'eof] . gu/leq

p2]Zon] kfFrvfn gu/kflnsf leqsf ;fd'bflos s's'/nfO{ :yfoL aGWofs/0f ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . g]kfn Plgdn j]nkm]o/ P08 l/;r{ ;]G6/ -gfs{_ ;Fusf] ;xsfo{df aGWofs/0f cleofg ;~rfng ul/Psf] xf] . ljZj /]lah lj?4sf] lbj;sf cj;/ kf/]/ gu/kflnsfn] Ps} lbg d+unaf/ @) j6f s's'/sf] aGWofs/0f u/]sf] lyof] . kz'kG5L zfvf k|d'v bQk|;fb uf}tdsf cg';f/ cleofgdf gu/leqsf sl/a &% b]lv *) j6f;Dd s's'/sf] aGWofs/0f ug]{ hfgsf/L lbP . c;f]h !@ ut] ;Dd ;~rfng x'g] cleofgdf /]lah lj?4sf] vf]k klg lbg] gu/

;8sdf ePsf] s's'/n] /]ljh /f]u km}nfpg ;Sg] tyf ljleGg b'3{6gf u/fpg ;Sg] ePsfn] cToGt} uDeL/tfsf ;fy of] cleofg yfngL u/]sf] gu/ k|d'v v/]nsf] egfO{ 5 . pgn] gu/e/ 5f8f 5f]l8Psf s's'/nfO{ ;Íng u/]/ NofP/ aGWofs/0f tyf /]ljh lj?4sf] eflS;g];g eO/x]sf] hfgsf/L lbP . …/]lahsf] cGTo ;xsfo{ / EoflS;g];gÚ gf/f;lxt dËnaf/b]lv Ps ;ftf;Dd /]lah lj?4sf] lgMz'Ns vf]k nufpg cleofg z'? u/]sf] gu/kflnsfsf k|Dv k|zf;sLo clws[t nf]s axfb'/ e08f/Ln] hfgsf/L lbP .

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ljt/0f ub}{ /]lah ;Ktfxsf] ;'?jft u/] . gu/kflnsfsf] kz' k G5L zfvfsf k|fljlwsx?n] gu/af;Ln] NofPsf s's'/nfO{ /]lj4lj?4sf] vf]k nufpg yfn]sf] gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsf kz'kG5L zfvfsf k|d'v lr/l~hjL zdf{n] atfP . x/]s aif{ ;]K6]Da/ @* sf lbg ljZje/ /]lah lj?4sf] r]tgfd'ns sfo{qmd;lxt ljZj /]lah lbj; dgfpg] ul/Psf] 5 .

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rf}wf}+ aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efaf/] ;fj{hlgs ;'rgf

xflb{s >4f~hnL

pk/f]St laifodf lgDg k|:tfax? pk/ 5nkmn ug{ o; ;+:yfsf] !$-rf}wf}+_ aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef b]xfosf] If]qsf] b]xfosf] ldltdf If]qut ?kdf ;DkGg u/L ;f] ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 5gf}6 ePsf k|ltlglwx?sf] b]xfosf] clGtd ldltdf er'{cn a}7s ;lxtsf] !$-rf}wf}+_ aflif{s ;fwf/0f x'g] ePsf]n] b]xfosf] ;DalGwt If]qsf z]o/ ;b:ox? ;DalGwt ldltdf b]xfosf] ;do / :yfgdf pkl:ytLsf] nflu xflb{s cg'/f]w u/LG5 . If]q ldlt !=ag]kf g=kf=j8f g=! b]lv $ ;Dd @)&&.)^.@! ut] a'waf/ @=ag]kf g=kf=j8f g=% b]lv ( ;Dd @)&&.)^.@@ ut] lalxaf/ #=ag]kf g=kf=j8f g= !) b]lv !$ ;Dd @)&&.)^.@# ut] z's|af/ $=eh'{cn ;lxt k|ltlgwLx?sf] clGtd ;fwf/0f ;ef @)&&.)^.@$ ut] zlgaf/ 5nkmn x'g] k|:tfax? – !=u0fk'/s ;+Vof ;DaGwdf . @=;lrasf] cf=a=@)&^.)&& sf] k|ult k|ltj]bg tyf cfufld cf=a=@)&&.)&* sf] nflu efjL sfo{s|dsf] k|ltj]bg ;DaGwdf . #=sf]iffWoIfsf] cf=a=@)&^.)&& sf] cfoAoo tyf cfufld cf=a=@)&&.)&* sf] nflu cg'dflgt ah]6sf] k|ltj]bg ;DaGwdf . $=cf=a=@)&^.)&& sf] n]vf ;'k/Lj]If0f ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg ;DaGwdf . %=cf=a=@)&&.)&* sf] nflu n]vf k/LIfssf] lgo'lSt tyf kf/L>lds ;DaGwdf . ^= lalgod ;+zf]wg ;DaGwdf . &= ljljw . sfo{s|d x'g] – @)&&.)^.@! ut] a'waf/ @)&&.)^.@@ ut] lalxaf/ @)&&.)^.@# ut] z's|af/ ;do– laxfg !!M)) ah] :yfg– sfo{no ejg @)&&.)^.@$ ut] zlgaf/ ;lra ;do– laxfg !)M)) ah] ;' l bg >]i7 :yfg– b xa /]i6«f] P08 nGh

ag]kf lasf; ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=

hGd @))@.!@.%

:juf{/f]x0f @)&&.%.@*

:j= lji0f's'df/ dfgGw/ o; ;ldltsf sd{rf/L Zofd dfgGw/sf] k"hgLo lktf lji0f's'df/ dfgGw/sf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf] !# cf}+ lbgsf] k'0oltlydf d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hghgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

z'e/fh hf]zL

sfof{no k|d'v tyf

sfe|] k'0ojtL oftfoft k|f=ln= sd{rf/L kl/jf/, ag]kf, sfe|]

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

jif{ @^ c+s $* @)&& c;f]h * ut] ljxLjf/

kmnfd];f“3'df % a]8sf] c:ktfn Soflna/ a|f08sf] h'Qfsf

ufp“kflnsfn] pknAw u/fof] ljBfyL{x?nfO{ df:s / :oflg6fO{h/

kmnfd];fF3'÷/f]zL ufpFkflnsfn] g]kfn ;/sf/n] tTsfn :yfkgf ug{ nfu]sf] % z}ofsf] c:yfoL c:ktfn j8f gDj/ ! kmnfd];fF3'df :yfkgf ug{] lg0f{onfO{ tTsfn sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg] ePsf] 5 . vx/]kfFu' xl:k6n Aoj:yfkg ;ldltsf] z'qmaf/ a;]sf] a}7sn] c:ktfn :yfkgfsf nflu tTsfn k"jf{wf/ tof/ ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . a}7sdf ufpFkflnsfsf cWoIf l8aL nfdf, k|d'v k|zf;lso clws[t 8Dd? bfxfn nufotsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . cWoIf u0f]z nfdfsf] cWoIftfdf a;]sf] a}7sn] /f]zL ufpFkflnsf j8f gDj/ ! kmnfd];fF3'df % z}ofsf] /f]zL c:yfoL c:ktfn lgdf{0fsf nflu cfjZos tof/L ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf] cWoIf u0f]z nfdfn] hfgsf/L lbP . c:ktfn c;f]h @) ut] z'ef/De ul/g] ePsf] 5 . tTsfnsf nflu kmnfd];fF3'df /x]sf] ;fd'bflos ejgaf6 c:ktfnsf] ;]jf z'? ug{] u/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] Aoj:yfkgsf nflu k7fPsf] !) nfv /sdaf6 % a]8, cfjZos cf}ifwL tyf pks/0fx?, 8fS6/, g;{ tyf cGo sd{rf/Lx?sf] Aoj:yfkg x'g]5 . vx/]kfFu' :jf:Yo rf}sLnfO{ :t/f]GgtL ub{} c:ktfnsf] ljsf; ug{ nfluPsf] k|d'v k|zf;lso clws[t 8Dd?

/f] z L÷/f] z L ufpF k flnsfn] ufpFkflnsfdf /x]sf ^( j6f ;fd'bflos ljBfnodf cWoog ug{] ljBfyL{x?nfO{ df:s / :oflg6fO{h/ pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . nfdf];do;Dd ljBfno aGb /x]sf] / ljBfno aGb /xFbf afnaflnsfx?sf] dgf]lj1fgdf kg{] c;/ tyf cWoog lg/Gt/ ug{ 3/ b}nf] cleofg / afnaflnsfx?sf] ;'/Iffsf nflu dfS; / :oflg6fO{h/ pknAw u/fPsf] cWoIf l8aL nfdfn] atfpg' eof] . /f]zL ufpkFflnsfdf ^( j6f ;fd'bflos ljBfno 5g\ eg] # j6f gLlh ljBfno 5g\ . ^ xhf/ ( ;o ljBfyL{ @)&^ ;fndf cWoog ul//x]sf lyP . ufpkFflnsfn] ! ;o, # ;o / % ;o dfS; k|fjL, lgdflj / dfWolds txsf ljBfnonfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . To:t} ! ln6/, @ ln6/ / # ln6/ :oflg6fO{h/ pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . rfn' z}lIfs ;q z'? gx'Fb} ljBfno aGb /x]sfn] egf{ cleofgnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg sl7gfO{ eP klg lj:tf/} egf{ u/L kf7\ok':ts ljt/0f ul/Psf] lzIff zfvf k|d'v /fdaxfb'/ nfdfn] atfpg' eof] . ljBfyL{ ;+Vofsf cfwf/df ljBfno Pj+ ljBfyL{x?sf] l;sfO{ ;xlhs/0f ug{] u/L :yfgLo ;/sf/n] 3/ b}nf] cleofg z'?

c;f]h @) ut]af6 ;]jf z'?

bfxfnn] hfgsf/L lbg' eof] . cWoIf l8aL nfdfn] /f]zL ufpFkflnsfsf] ljs6 dflgPsf j8fx? dWo] j8f gDj/ !,@ / # sf gful/sx?sf nflu klSs /fhdfu{ tyf c:ktfnsf] kx'Frdf cfpg ;d:of ePsfn] c:ktfn lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ kmnfd];fF3'df ug{ nfluPsf] atfpg' eof] . ;f]lx c:ktfnn] gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ * / (, a]yfGrf]s ^ sf gful/sx?sf nflu ;]jf k|bfg x'g]5 . ;/sf/n] sf]le8 lgoGq0fsf nflu c:yfoL c:ktfn lgdf{0f ug{] / lj:tf/} :yfoL agfpg] tof/L u/]sf] 5 . /f]zL ufpFkflnsfsf] yk !) a]8sf] c:ktfnsf nflu *% nfv /sd ljlgof]hg eO{;s]sf] 5 . c:ktfn lgdf{0fsf nflu kmnfd];fF3'sf] ;/sf/L hUuf lsQf gDj/ %$@ sf] ** /f]kgL dWo]af6 s]lx /f]kgL Aoj:yfkg x'g]5 . pQm hUufdf xfn $) j6f 6x/f lgdf{0f ePsf 5g\ . pQm 6x/fx? c;f]h !& ut];Dd eTsfpg] ;ldltsf] lg0f{onfO{ sfof{Gjog ul/g] j8f cWoIf >Lbf; nfdfn] atfpg' eof] . c:ktfn Aoj:yfkgsf nflu cWoIf u0f]z nfdf, pkfWoIf /Tg nfdf, ;lrj u0faxfb'/ nfdf, sf]iffWoIf 6'Ns' nfdf nufotsf] ;ldlt u7g ePsf] 5 eg] z+s/bf; nfdfsf] ;+of]hsTjdf pk ;ldlt u7g ePsf] 5 .

nflu ag]kfdf ‘z' :6]zg’

ag] k f÷sf] / f] g f efO{ / ;sf sf/0f d'n'ssf] cy{tGq tx;gx; ePsf a]nf g]kfnd} pTkfbg ePsf] Soflna/ sDkgLsf] h'Qfsf] zf] ?d ag]kfdf z'ef/De ul/Psf] 5 . Ao:t ahf/ rf/bf] a f6f] c/lgsf] /fhdfu{df vf]lnPsf] pQm Soflnj/ zf] ?dsf] g]kfn pBf]u afl0fHo ;+3sf s]lGb|o ;b:o ;'/s[i0f a}Bn] z'ef/De ug{' ePsf] lyof] . zf]?ddf g]kfnL sDkgL Soflna/ a|f08sf h'Qf pknAw 5g\ . dlxnf, k'?if, afnaflnsfx?sf nflu

laGwjfl;gL ;fsf];sf] ;]jf sf7df8f}+ ldgejgaf6

sf7df8f}+÷;xsf/L If]qdf 5'§} klxrfg agfO{ /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf ;an, ;'/lIft / lbuf] ljQLo ;xsf/Lsf] ?kdf kl/lrt laGwjfl;gL art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= sfe]|knf~rf]sn] c;f]h b]lv sf7df08f} ldgejg l:yt ;]jf sfof{noaf6 sf/f]af/ z'ef/De u/sf] 5 . sf7df08f}df /x]sf] l;h{glzn art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf;+u Plss/0f

eP kl5 Plss[t sf/f]af/ z'ef/De u/] s f] xf] . Plss[t sf/f]af/ z ' e f / D e sfo{qmddf /fli6«o ; x s f / L dxf;+3sf cWoIf ldg/fh s8]n, /fli6«o ;xsf/L a}+s ln=sf cWoIf s] = aL= pk|]tL, k"j{ a}+s/ pd]z l;+ e08f/L nufot ljlzi6 JolQmx? / Plss[t b'j} ;+:yfsf kbflwsf/L tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf /fli6«o ;xsf/L dxf;+3sf cWoIf ldg/fh sF8]nn] l/ag sf6]/ laGwjfl;gL af]8{ cgfj/0f u/L z'ef/De ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] ;+:yfsf] k|d'v Joj:yfks s]=aL=nfdf :ofª\tfgn] ;+:yfsf] xfn ;Ddsf] ljQLo l:ylt / ;+rfng u/]sf u}x|ljQLo ;]jfx?sf] ;+lIfKt

hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] . pQm b'j} ;+:yf Plss/0f kZrft s/La #* xhf/ z]o/ ;b:o / ;ft xhf/ cf7 ;o afn art stf{ u/L $% xhf/ eGbf al9 ;]jfu|fxL cfj4 /x]sf] pQm ;+:yfsf] z]o/ k"hL ## s/f]8 @% nfv, art tyf lgIf]k b'O{ ca{ $! s/f]8 %$ nfv, C0f nufgLdf /x]sf] /sd b'O{ ca{ #$ s/f]8 !& nfv eO{ s"n ;DklQ # ca{ @% s/f]8 k'u]sf] ;d]t hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] lyof] . ;+:yfsf cWoIf k|lbk yfkfn] laGwjfl;gL dftf / nIdL dftfsf] k"hf cfhf u/L z'? ePsf] sfo{qmddf /fli6«o ;xsf/L dxf;+3sf cWoIf ldg/fh s8]n / /fli6« o ;xsf/L a} + s sf cWoIf s]=aL=pk|]tLn] awfO{ Pj+ ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoSt ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . z'ef/De sfo{qmdsf] cj;/df !) hgf gofF z]o/ ;b:o ag]sf lyP eg] z]o/ Ps nfv &* xhf/ z]o/ / Ps s/f]8 eGbf al9 art ;+sng ePsf] k|d'v Joj:yfksn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

xflb{s >4f~hnL

/f]hfO{ cg';f/sf u'0f:t/Lo h'Qf pknAw x'g] k|f]kfO{6/ /;gf kf]6] a}Bn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . o'jfx?sf] ;+o'Qm nufgLdf z'? ePsf] h'Qf zf] ?d ag]kfdf km/s vfnsf] 5 . ;'ne d'Nodf pknAw x'g] h'Qf pkef]u u/L nfe p7fpg sfe|] pBf]u afl0fHo ;+3sf cWoIf k|sfz dfgGw/n] atfpg' eof] . c;Dej cj:yfdf ;Dej x'g] ;+sNksf ;fy o'jfx?n] ;+o'Qm ?kdf pQm Aoj;fo z'? u/]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . g]kfn a+}ssf] kfl/k§L ;'ne ;xsf/L /x]sf] ejgsf] klxnf] tNnfdf zf] :6]zg /x]sf] 5 .

u/L afnaflnsfx?nfO{ u[xsfo{ lbg], 3/d} k'u]/ u[xsfo{ kl/If0f ug{] sfo{ ul//x]sf] u|fdf]Tgfy k|flj r08Lufps F f k|wfgfWofks /fdaxfb'/ nfdfn] atfpg' eof] . pQm ljBfnodf @)&& ;fnsf] z}lIfs ;qdf #% hgf afnaflnsfx? egf{ eO{;s]sf 5g\ . ;fd'\bflos ljBfnodf ljljlw sf/0f afnaflnsx?sf] ;+Vof 3l6/x]sf] ;Gbe{df ufpkFflnsfn] ljBfno PsLs/0f ug{], lzIfsx?sf] b/aGbL ldnfg u/L lzIffsf] u'0f:t/nfO{ km/flsnf] agfpbF} nluPsf] cWoIf l8aL nfdfn] atfpg' eof] . @$ hgf lzIfsx?sf] b/aGbL ldnfg ul/Psf] 5 . ljBfyL{ ePsf :yfgdf ljBfyL{ gePsf] ljBfnoaf6 lzIfsx?sf] b/jGbL ldnfg ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] rfn' z}lIfs ;q b]lv sIff ! b]lv % ;Dd cWoog ug{] afnaflnsfx?sf nflu lbjf vfhfsf] Aoj:yfkg u/]sf] 5 . pQm vfhfaf6 afnljsf; s] G b| d f cWoog ug{ ] afnaflnsfx?sf nflu klg Aoj:yfkg ul/g] lzIff zfvf k|d'v /fdaxfb'/ nfdfn] hfgsf/L lbg' eof] . sf]/f]gfsf sf/0f aGb ePsf ljBfnox? ;+rfngsf nflu ;/f]sf/jfnf kIfx?;uF 5nkmn eO{/x]sf] k|d'v k|zf;lso clws[t 8Dd? bfxfnn] hfgsf/L lbg' eof] .

ag]kf !! df uf“hf v]tL gi6

ag]kf÷ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ !! sf] cfof]hgfdf j8f leq /x]sf 3/]n' /S;L tyf nfu' cf}ifw ufFhf v]tL gi6 tyf pGd'ng ;DaGwL sfo{qmd O{nfsf k|x/L sfof{no

k|x/L gfoa lgl/Ifs lj/]Gb| zfxsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ag]kf gu/kflnsf ;Nn]df /x]sf] ufFhf v]tL gi6 / /S;L tyf pGd'ng ;DawL

;r]tgf sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmddf zf/bfb]jL o"jf Snasf cWoIf ho/fd lu/L, km'Nrf]sL o'jf Snasf cWoIf sdn nfdf, O{nfsf k|x/L sfof{nosf k|ltlgwL ?k]z >]i7, ;'Gb/L dfO{ k|fljsf k|wfgfWofks /d]z clwsf/L nufPtsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . j8f cWoIf lzas'df/ yfkfn] j8fdf /x]sf gful/sx?nfO{ nfu' cf}ifwdf gkm:g cfu|x ug{' ePsf] 5 . j8f tyf gu/df ljleGg l;kd'ns tflnd ;~rfng /x]sf], a]/f]huf/x?nfO{ o'jfx?nfO{ ;'lr /x]sfnfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] Aoa:yf ePsfn] j8fdf ;Dk{s /fVg cfu|x ug{' ePsf] lyof] . dlxnf lblbalxgLx?nfO{ ;d]t cfw'lgs s[lif v]tL / l;kd'ns tflnd lngsf nfuL j8f cWoIf lza s'df/ yfkfn] atfpg' eof] . sfo{qmddf j8f ;b:ox?, :yfgLo tyf ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx? ;xefuL ePsf lyP .

æcfof] 6Kk l6Kof] nUof] ldlt k'Uof] 6f/]/ 6b}{g Tof], OGb|} ljGtL u?g\ em's]/ kfpdf Tof] ljGtL dfGb}g Tof],Æ

xflb{s >4f~hnL hGd @))@.!@.%

:juf{/f]x0f @)&&.%.@*

/fh]z;'Gb/ ;}+h" cWoIf tyf

hGd !(((.!).!)

:juf{/f]x0f @)&&.^.!

:j= /fddfof kf]6] ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f g+= * yfgklt lgjf;L xfd|f cfTdLo ldqåo k"0f{ kf]6] tyf nIdLgf/fo0f kf]6]sf] ddtfdoL dftf /fddfof kf]6s ] f] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hghgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

sfe|] k'0ojtL oftfoft k|f=ln= sfo{;ldlt kl/jf/, ag]kf, sfe|] æcfof] 6Kk l6Kof] nUof] ldlt k'Uof] 6f/]/ 6b}{g Tof], OGb|} ljGtL u?g\ em's]/ kfpdf Tof] ljGtL dfGb}g Tof],Æ

xflb{s >4f~hnL hGd @))@.!@.%

:juf{/f]x0f @)&&.%.@*

:j= lji0f's'df/ dfgGw/ xfd|f cfTdLo ldq Zofd dfgGw/sf] k"hgLo lktf lji0f's'df/ dfgGw/sf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf] !# cf}+ lbgsf] k'0oltlydf d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hghgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ . ;fyLx? /fds'df/ >]i7÷;'lgtf >]i7 /fhs'df/ >]i7÷?hf t'nfw/ >]i7 tyf

ag]kf, sfe|]

;Dk"0f{ >]i7 kl/jf/, kgf}tL– $, sfe|]

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

jif{ @^ c+s $* @)&& c;f]h * ut] ljxLjf/

/]lah ljz]if 8f= u0f]z aGhf/f

;fwf/0f ;ef ;DaGwL ;'rgf ;xsf/L ljefusf] ldlt @)&& cflZjg ! ut]sf] lg0f{osf] a'Fbf g+= & nfO{ cfwf/ dfgL o; o'jf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= sf] ldlt @)&& cflZjg )% ut] ;f]daf/ a;]sf] ;~rfns ;ldlt a}7ssf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ;+:yfsf] @@ cf}F jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef lgDg ldlt, ;do / :yfgdf ;DkGg x'g] ;xif{ hfgsf/L u/fpFb} tkfO{+sf] clgjfo{ pkl:yltsf] nflu ;fb/ cg'/f]w ub{5f}F .

xflb{s >4f~hnL hGd !((*.&.$

:juf{/f]x0f @)&&.%.@)

:j= kbds'df/L >]i7 ;fljs g]skf Pdfn] w'lnv]n sf7df8f}+ ;Dks{ d~rsf ;b:o ljhos'df/ tvf+5]sf] ddtfdoL dftf kbds'df/L >]i7sf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

g]skf w'lnv]n gu/ sld6L kl/jf/ w'lnv]n, sfe|]

xflb{s >4f~hnL hGd @)@!.!.#

:juf{/f]x0f @)&&.^.@

:j= udnf yfkf w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf j8f g+= !) :jf:Yorf}sL Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf pkfWoIf OZj/axfb'/ yfkfsf] wd{kTgL udnf yfkfsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt

z+s/ clwsf/L OGrfh{ Pj+

zf/bf atf;] :jf:Yorf}sL kl/jf/

sfo{qmdM pkl:ylt k'l:tsfdf x:tfIf/ ug]{ cjlw M @)&& cflZjg @) ut]b]lv @( ut];Dd :yfg M ;+:yfsf] s]lGb|o sfof{no ag]kf–&, ;]jfs]Gb| kgf}tL–^ gfd btf{ M laxfg &M)) ah]b]lv #M)) ah];Dd 5nkmnsf ljifox¿M != ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{o k'l:tsf k|dfl0ft ug]{ k|ltlglw rog ;DaGwdf . @= ;lrjsf] k|ltj]bgdfly 5nkmn / cg'df]bg ;DaGwdf . #= sf]iffWoIfsf] k|ltj]bgdfly 5nkmn / cg'df]bg ;DaGwdf . $= n]vf tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bgdfly 5nkmn / cg'df]bg ;DaGwdf . %= cf=j= @)&^÷&& sf] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdfly 5nkmn tyf cg'df]bg ;DaGwdf . ^= cf=j= @)&&÷&* cg'dflgt ah]6 tyf jflif{s sfo{of]hgf cg'df]bg ;DaGwdf . &= cf= j= @)&&÷&* n]vfk/LIfs lgo'lQm / kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f ;DaGwdf . *= ljlgod ;+zf]wg k|:tfj ;DaGwdf . (= ;+:yf PsLs/0f ;DaGwdf . !)= z]o/ nfef+z cg'df]bg ;DaGwdf . !!= ;+/lIft k"Flh lkmtf{ sf]if ljt/0f ;DaGwdf . !@= Joj:yfkg tyf ;+:yfsf] gLlt lgoddfly 5nkmn, kl/dfh{g tyf cg'df]bg ;DaGwdf . !#= ;+:yfsf] l:y/ ;DklQ tyf lwtf] lnnfdaf6 k|fKt ;DklQ lnnfd lalqm ;DaGwdf . !$= sNof0fsf/L sf]if ;DaGwdf . !%= ljljw ;DaGwdf . ;"rgf != ljljw ljifo pk/ 5nkmn ug{ OR5's z]o/ ;b:oHo"x¿n] ldlt @)&& cflZjg @^ ut] ck/fGx %M)) ah];Dd ;+:yfdf lnlvt ¿kdf ;"rgf lbg'kg]{5 . @= ;fwf/0f ;efdf ;dod} pkl:yt x'g'x'g] z]o/ ;b:oHo"x¿nfO{ kljxg vr{ ?= @#%=@( df s/ s§L u/L afFls /sd ?= @)).– k|bfg ul/g]5 . h;sf nflu z]o/ ;b:ox¿n] ;+:y4f/f ljt/0f ul/Psf] kl/rokq jf z]o/ k|df0fkq jf kf;a's lnO{ pkl:yt x'g'kg]{5 . #= sf]le8–!( sf] dxfdf/Lsf sf/0f :jf:Yo ;'/IffnfO{ ljz]if Wofg lbO{ w]/} le8ef8 gu/L ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DkGg ug'{kg]{ ePsfn] cflZjg @) b]lv @( ut];Dd ;fwf/0f ;ef pkl:ylt k'l:tsf v'nf ul/g]5 . pQm lbgx¿df b]xfocg';f/ qmd};Fu cfkm"nfO{ kfos kg]{ ;+:yfsf] s]lGb|o sfof{no jf ;]jfs]Gb|df pkl:yt eO ;fwf/0f ;ef pkl:ylt k'l:tsfdf x:tfIf/ u/L jflif{s k|ltj]bg a'lemlng'x'g xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f}F . jflif{s k|ltj]bg cWoog kZrft ;b:ox¿af6 k|fKt x'g] k|ltlqmofnfO{ ;d]6L ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{o k'l:tsf tof/ kfl/g]5 . lbg ;b:otf g+= cflZjg @) !–!))) cflZjg @! !))!–@))) cflZjg @@ @$)!–#$)) cflZjg @# #$)!–$#)) cflZjg @$ $#)!–%@)) cflZjg @% %@)!–^!)) cflZjg @^ ^!)!–&))) cflZjg @& !!)))–!!&)) cflZjg @* !!&)!–afFls cflZjg @( 5'6\g'x'g] ;b:o dxfg'efjx¿ gf]6M != tkfO{+sf] cflZjg dlxgf;Ddsf] dfl;s lgodldt art oxL @)&& cflZjg !% ut]leq clgjfo{ ¿kdf ;+:yfdf a'emfpg'x'g cg'/f]w 5 . @= s[kof tf]lsPsf] lbgdf pkl:yt eO{ le8ef8 sd ug{ ;xof]u ul/lbg'xf]nf . olb tf]lsPsf] lbgdf pkl:yt x'g g;Sg] ePdf ef]lnkN6 pkl:yt geO 5'6\g'x'g] ;b:osf nflu Joj:yf ul/Psf] @( ut] pkl:yt eO le8ef8 sd ug{ ;xof]u ul/lbg'xf]nf . #= df:ssf] clgjfo{ k|of]u u/L sfo{qmddf pkl:yt eOlbg'x'g xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f}F .

;/f]h s'df/ ltdN;]gf ;lrj

w'lnv]n–!), zf/bfatf;]

xflb{s >4f~hnL

:j= xs{dfg tfdfª

:j= O{zf /Dt]n

o; ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf z]o/ ;b:o b]jL6f/ lgjf;L xs{dfg tfdfªsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

o; ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf z]o/ ;b:o ag]kf @ lgjf;L O{zf /Dt]nsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

ljsf; /Dt]n cWoIf tyf

b"df] art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kl/jf/, ag]kf–$, gfnf, sfe|]

xflb{s >4f~hnL

hGd !(((.!).!

:juf{/f]x0f @)&&.^.!

:j= /fddfof kf]6]

:j= b'uf{dfof cfn]

cfhfb df=lj= @)$) ;fn P;Pn;L ;d"xsf ;b:o Zofd;'Gb/ kf]6]sf] ddtfdoL dftf /fddfof kf]6s ] f] lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

g]kfn :jf:Yo k|fljlws ;+3 -kfg_ sfe|]sf ;lrj s[i0faxfb'/ cfn]sf] ddtfdoL dftf b'uf{dfof cfns ] f] @)&& ebf} #) ut] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

;'dg sfo:y cWoIf tyf

cfhfb df=lj= @)$) ;fn P;Pn;L ;d"x ag]kf, sfe|]

;GbLk s]=;L=

g]kfn :jf:Yo k|fljlws ;+3 -PAN_ sfe|] kl/jf/

/]lah lbj; o; aif{sf] ljZj /]lah lbj;, ;]K6]Da/ @* sf] ljZjAofkL ?kdf :nf]ufg End Rabies : Collaborate, Vaccinate cyf{t /]lah /f]usf] cGTo M ;xsfo{ / EoflS;g];g /x]sf] 5 . /]lah lbj; dgfpg] p4]Zodf cGt/fli6«o, /fli6«o / :yflgo lgsfo;+u ;DfGjo ul/ /]lah pGd'ng ug]{, k|To]s s's'/df EoflS;g];g ug]{ / ;g\ @)#) ;Dddf /]lahaf6 x'g] dflg;sf] d[To'nfO{ z'Godf emfg]{ /x]sf] 5 . /]lah lbj;df hg r]tgf k}mnfpgsf nflu ljleGGf sfo{qmdsf ;fy dgfpg ;lsG5 . h:t} s's'/sf] EoflS;g];g sfo{qmd, xflh/L hjfkm k|Tof]lutf, 9f}8, ¥ofnL, ;ef ;Dd]ng, d]l8of cGt/jftf{, :s"n sfo{qmd, tflnd / ;x'lnotk"0f{ e]6]l/g/L ;]jf cflb /x]sf 5g\ . /]ljh /f]u ljiff0f'af6 nfUg] /f]u xf] h;n] dflg; nufot ;Dk"0f{ :tgwf/L k|f0fLdf c;/ ub{5 . /f]u nfu]kl5 pkrf/ gx'g] x'Fbf o; /f]unfO{ h'gf]l6ssf b[li6n] dxTjk"0f{ ?kdf lnOG5 . o; /f]usf ljiff0f'x?n] dl:tsdf g} c;/ ub{5 . ;'?df z/L/df /f]u k|j]z u/] kZrft Hj/f] cfpg] / ;+qmd0f ePsf] 7fp emDemdfP h:tf] jf lgbfP h:tf] x'G5 . o; k5fl8sf nIf0fx?df c;fwf/0f rfn, clgolGqt lqmofsnfk, kfgL b]lv 8/ dfGg], zl//sf laleGg c+ux? rnfpg g;Sg', la;{g' jf bf]wf/df kg'{ / j]xf]; x'g' kb{5g . Psrf]6L nIf0f b]vf k/] kZrft clGtd eg]s} d[To' xf] . z/L/df /f]u k|j]z u/] kZrft nIf0f b]vfpg] cjlw ! b]lv # dlxgfsf] /xG5 / slxn] sflx ! xKtfb]lv jiff}{ ;Dd klg nfu]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;/L ;do nfUg'df z/L/sf aflx/L :gfo' (Pheripheral nerves) af6 s]lGb|o :gfo' k|0ffnL (Central nervous system) ;Dd ljiff0f' k'Ug] ;dodf lge{/ ub{5 . /]ljh Rabdoviridae cGt{ut Lyssa virus df kb{5g . of] !*) gfgf] ld6/ nDafO{sf] x'G5 . of] efO/; Ps rf]6L zl//df k|j]z u/] kZRoft :gfo'sf sf]ifx?df u'0fgf x'g yfNb5g . s'g} klg /]ljh nfu]sf] hgfj/n] 6f]s]df jf sf]t/]df / sf]t/]sf] 3fpdf /f]uL hgfj/sf] ¥ofn nfu]df of] /f]u ;xh} ;g{ ;Sb5 . To:t}

;+qmldt ¥ofn olb d'v, cfFvf, gfssf] ;Dks{df cfPdf klg /]ljh /f]u ;g{ ;S5 . ljZjd} x]g{ xf] eg] s's'/x?df /]ljh /f]u a9L b]vf k/]sf] 5 . (( k|ltzt eGbf a9L ;+qmd0f s's'/sf] 6f]sfOaf6 km}lnPsf] 5 . cd]l/sfsf] tYofÍ x]g]{ xf] eg] w]/} /]ljh /f]u rd]/fsf] 6f]sfOn] ePsf] 5 eg] % k|ltzt eGbf sd s's'/sf] 6f]sfOaf6 ePsf] 5 . ljZjsf w]/} 7fFpx?df s's'/sf ;+Vof Joj:yfkg -aGWofs/0f_ / EoflS;g];sf sfo{qmdn] /]ljh /f]u ;+qmd0fnfO{ 36fO/x]sf 5g . To;}ul/ /]ljh km}lnPsf] If]qdf dflg;x?n] Rabies Immunoglobulin sf] k|of]un] klg /]ljh /f]u lgoGq0fdf 5 . /]ljh /f]u nfu]sf] s's'/n] 6f]s]df !% ldg]6 hlt ;fa'g kfgLn] wf]P/ kf]lal8g cfof]l8g -a]6fl8g_ cyjf s'g} PG6L;]lK6s k|of]u ubf{ /]ljh ljiff0f'sf] ;+VofnfO{ sd u/fp5 / /f]u rf8f] km}lng lbb}g . GBD, @)!% sf] tYofÍ x]bf{ ljZjdf !&,$)) hgfsf] /]ljhaf6 d[To' ePsf] lyof] . $) k|ltzt hlt d[To' x'g]df !% jif{ eGbf d'gLsf s]6fs]6Lx? lyP . /]ljh /f]u clxn] klg !%) eGbf a9L b]zdf ljBddfg 5 . ljZjsf #) nfv eGbf a9L dflg;x? clxn] klg /]lahsf] hf]lvddf /x]sf 5g eg] cfh klg hfkfg, c:6«]lnof / klZrdL o'/f]ksf s]xL b]zx?n] /]ljh /f]u pGd'ng ul/;s]sf 5g . ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gn] (WHO), /]lah nfu]sf] kz'x?sf] ;Dks{af6 x'g] hf]lvdnfO{ # efudf jlu{s/0f ul/Psf] 5 . klxnf] If]0fL M kz'nfO{ vfgf v'jfpbf, kz'n] 5fnf rf6\bf jf 5'Fbf -hf]lvd gx'g]_ bf];|f] If]0fL M /ut gcfpg] ul/ 5fnf sf]tl/Psf] -hf]lvd x'g]_ t];|f] If]0fL M Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L 7fpx?df 5fnf 5]8]/ 3fp x'g], sf]t/]sf] 7fpaf6 /ut aUg], 7'nf] 3fp x'g], 3fp ePsf] 7fp jf Do's; d]D/]gdf ;+qmldt hgfj/sf] ¥ofn k/]df -w]/} hf]lvd x'G5_ . bf];|f] If]0fL / t];|f] If]0fL sf] ;Dks{df cfPdf Rabies Immunoglobulins nufpg' k5{ . nIf0fx? M ;+qmd0f ;'? eP b]lv nIf0f b]lvP ;Ddsf] cjlw (Incubation Period) dflg;x?Dff ! b]lv # dlxgf ;Ddsf]] x'G5 . slxn]sflx $ lbg b]lv ^ jif{ ;Dd klg ePsf] tYofÍ 5 h'g ;+qmd0f ePsf :yfg, 3fpsf] l:ylt / z/L/df k|j]z u/]sf] ljiff0f'sf] 3gTjdf e/ kb{5 . /]lahsf] ;'?sf] nIf0fdf Hj/f] cfpg] / 6fpsf] b'Vg] ;d:of x'G5 . ;do laTb} hfbf dl:tssf] ;+qmd0f x'g], z/L/sf] s'g} klg 7fpsf] kIf3ft, emf]qmfpg] bf]wf/df kg]{, 56k6L x'g], c;fwf/0f Jojxf/ b]vfpg], 8/fpg], sfDg], ;kgf b]v] h:tf] Jojxf/ ug]{ / sf]dfdf (coma) hfg] h:tf nIf0fx? b]lvG5g . s]xL dflg;x/ kfgL b]lv 8/fp5g . o:tf nIf0fx? b]lvPsf] @ b]lv !) lbg leq d[To' x'G5 . To:t} s's'/x?df /]ljh /f]usf] Incubation period # b]lv * xKtf ;Dd /xg ;S5 . s's'/x?df /]ljh /f]u /]ljhsf # j6f ?kx? dWo] s'g}n] Pp6f jf s'g}n] @ j6f ?kx? b]vfp5g . ! k|f]8f]dn km]h (Prodomal Phase) k|f]8f]dn km]hsf] cljw @ b]lv # lbg ;Ddsf] /xG5 . emf]qmfpg], PSn} a:g dg k/fpg] / Hj/f] cfpg] x'G5 . dflg/x? ;+u cToflws w'nldn x'g] hgfj/x? 56kl6G5g / l/;fxf hgfj/x? cfˆgf] 3fp ePsf] 7fpFnfO{ k|fo rf6]/ g} a:5g . la/fnfnf]df of] km]h ! b]lv @ ;Dd x'G5 . @_ ˆo'l/o; k]mh (Furious Phase) Prodomal Phase kl5 hgfj/x? Furious Phase df k|j]z ub{5g\ . s's'/x?df of] km]hsf] cjlw ! b]lv & lbg ;Ddsf] /xG5 . of] km]hdf hgfjx? cToflws rNdnfpg], w]/} lt/ lx8\g], s]xL rln/x]sf] j:t'x? cyjf cGo hgfj/x?nfO{ 6f]Sb} lx8\g], sfDg] cflb h:tf nIf0fx? b]vfp5g\ . s's'/nfO{ s]h (Cage) leq /fv]/df s]hsf] af/ g} 6f]s]/ eTsfpg vf]H5g\ . cGtdf o:tf hgfj/x? w]/} sfD5g\ / db{5g\ . #_ Kof/fnfOl6s -8d_ km]h {Paralytic form (dumb)} Predomal Phase kZrft Paralytic Phase sf] ;'?jft x'g ;S5 . Psrf]6L nIf0f b]lvP kZrft of] km]hsf] cjlw @ b]lv $ lbg;Dd /xG5 . efO/;n] 6fpsf] / 3f6Lsf] :gfo'df c;/ u/]sf x'gfn] hgfj/x?n] ¥ofn lgsfnL lgNg ;Sb}gg . d'v jl/kl/sf df+;k]zLx?sf] kIf3ftn] ubf{ d'v rnfpg ;Sb}gg . 3f6Ldf s]xL c8\sfP h:tf] ul/ :j/ lgsfN5g . To:tf hgfj/x? sdhf]/ x'b} uO{ Zjf; k|Zjf; x'g g;s]/ cGtdf d5{g\ . kfgL b]lv 8/fpg] (Hydrophobia) Hydrophobia cYff{t kfgL b]lv 8/fpg] /]ljhsf] k|frLg gfd xf] . s'g} klg :tgwf/L hgfj/ /]ljh /f]u nfu] kZrft xfO8«f]kmf]laof sf] ?k b]vfp5g\ . xfO8«f]kmf]laof x+'bf ¥ofn k|z:t dfqfdf pTkfbg x'G5 / ltgLx?n] lgNg ;Sb}gg . xfO8«f]kmf]laofdf ;+qmldt kz'x?sf] ¥ofn u|GyLdf k|z:t dfqfdf efO/;x? x'G5g h;n] c?nfO{ /f]u ;fg{ d2t ub{5g\ . *) k|ltzt eGbf a9L Furious form sf la/fdLx? Hydrophobia sf] l;sf/ x'G5g . /f]u ;g]{ dfWod tftf] /ut ePsf hlt klg :tgwf/L k|f0fL 5g, ltgLx?n] /]ljh /f]u nfu]kl5 nIf0fx? b]vfp5g\ . /]ljh /f]u nfu]/ d/]sf] hgfj/x?sf] df;' r/fx?n] vfPdf r/fx?n] /]ljh /f]u lj?4sf] PlG6j8L pTkfbg u5{g / cfkm} /]ljh /f]u af6 lgsf] x'b} hfG5g . ;+qmldt rd]/f], afFb/, ¥ofsG; Ajf;f], :ofn, ˆofp/f] cflbn] dflg; / s's'/ tyf cGo hgfj/df /f]u ;fg{ ;Sb5g . ;+qmldt hgfj/sf] 6f]sfO / ¥ofnsf] ;Dks{ af6 /f]u ;5{ . g]kfndf rd]/faf6 /f]u ;/]sf] kfOPsf] 5}g eg] dflg; b]lv dflg;df /f]u ;g]{ ;Defjgf Hofb} Go"g x'G5 . /f]syfd • s's'/nfO{ lgoldt ?kdf /]ljh lj?4 EoflS;g nufpg] • h+unL hgfj/x?sf] ;Dk{sdf cfpg glbg cfkm'n] kfn]sf] s's'/nfO{ /ftL 3/ aflx/ g5f]8\g] • olb /]ljh /f]u nfu]sf hgfj/n] 6f]s]df ;fa'g kfgLn] 3fp /fd|/L wf]P/ kf]lal8g nufpg] / Immunoglobulin OGh]S;g nufpg] cyjf Post Exposure Vaccine nufpg] • s's'/sf] ;+Vof Aoj:yfkgsf] nflu s's'/ aGWofs/0f sfo{qmdnfO{ k|f]T;fg ug]{

sd{rf/L cfjZostf

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

k|x/Ln] z'? u¥of] u'gf;f] tyf ;'emfj ;+sng k]l6sf

w' l nv] n ÷afudtL k| b ] z cGtu{tsf @* j6f :yfgLo txdf k|x/L sd{rf/Lx?;Fu ;DalGwt u'gf;f] tyf ;'emfj ;+sngsf] nflu u'gf;f] tyf ;'emfj ;+sng k]l6sf /flvPsf] 5 . lhNnfsf !# j6} :yfgLo txdf u'gf;f] k]l6sf /flvPsf] 5 . w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfdf gu/ k|d'v czf]s Aof~h'n] u'gf;f] tyf ;'emfj ;+sng k]6Lsfsf] pb\3f6g ug{' ePsf] lyof] eg] ag]kfdf gu/ k|d'v nIdLg/l;+ afb]n] pb\3f6g ug{' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L lzj/fd kf]v/]n, s0f{]n g/]z s];L, k|x/L k|d'v P;kL /ljs'df/ kf}8]n, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf k|d'v k|zf;lso clws[t k'?iff]td ;'j]bL nufotsf]

;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . To:t} ag]kfdf cfof]lht sfo{qmddf pkk|d'v /]vf ;fksf]6f bfxfn, k|d'v k|zf;lso clws[t slj/fh pk|]tL, lhNnf k|x/L k|jQmf l8P:kL s'df/ ljqmd yfkf, Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no ag]kfsf k|x/L lgl/Ifs of]u]Gb| ltdlN;gf nufotsf AolQmx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . k|x/L sfof{nosf ;fy} k|x/L sd{rf/Lx?af6 ;Dkfbg ePsf sfdsf/afxLsf] ;DaGwdf cfd gful/saf6 k|fKts x'g] ;Nnfx, ;'emfjsf ;fy} u'gf;f]nfO{ plrt ;Daf]wg u/L k|fKt/ ;Nnfx ;'emfj cg'?k k|x/L ;]jfnfO{ kl/dfh{g ug]{ p2]Zon] afudtL k|b]z k|x/L sfof{ n o x] 6 f} + 8 fn] cfh :yfgLo tx;+usf] ;xsfo{df u'gf;f] tyf ;'emfj ;+sng k]6Lsf /fv]sf] xf] .

jif{ @^ c+s $* @)&& c;f]h * ut] ljxLjf/

s[ifs ;+/If0fdf /f]zL /f] z L÷/f] z L ufpF k flnsfn] …h;sf] dg p;}nfO{ ;+/If0fÚ ug]{ gLlt lnPsf] 5 . o;} cg';f/ kflnsfn] tLg ls;fgnfO{ cg'bfg ;lxt df5fsf e'/f ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 . ufpFkflnsf cWoIf 8LaL nfdf, k|d'v k| z f;sLo clws[ t 8Da? bfxfn nufotsf] 6f]nL :ynut cg'udg u/]sf] 5 . k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t bfxfnn] h;sf] dg p;}nfO{ ;+/If0f cGt{ut df5fkfngdf nfu]sf tLg ls;fgnfO{ df5fsf] e'/f / cg'bfg ljt/0f ul/;s]sf] atfpg' eof] . pxfFsf cg';f/ pT;flxt eO{ kf]v/L vg]/ b]vfpg j8f g+ & sf eLd nfdf, j8f g ( sf hgd nfdf / j8f g+ !! sf an/fd cfn]du/nfO{ cg'bfg lbOPsf] 5 eg] j8f g & / ( sf eLd / hgdnfO{ eg] @!÷@! xhf/ df5fsf] e'/f ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . cfsif{s kf]v/L lgdf{0f u/] afkt hgd nfdfnfO{ ? # nfv %) xhf/ cg'bfg k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] eg] an/fd cfn] du/ / eLd nfdfnfO{ hgxL ? @ nfv %) xhf/, @ nfv %) xhf/ k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . cg'udgsf] qmddf /f]zL ufpFkflnsf cWoIf

l8=lj= nfdfn] s[lif tyf kz'kfngsf] If]qdf gd'gf sfd ug]{ h'g;'s} s[ifsnfO{ ;fy / ;Ddfg ufpFkflnsfn] ug]{ atfpg'eof] . of] If]q s[lif / kz'kfngsf] If]qdf cToGt ;Defjgf ePsf] If]q ePsf] x'gfn] s[ifsx?nfO{ pTk|]l/t ub}{ cufl8 al9/x]sf 5f}F, nfdfn] eGg'eof] . s[ifsn] gd'gf of]Uo, Joj;flos, pTkfbgd'vL / pknlAwd"ns sfo{ u/]/ b]vfpg] s[ifsnfO{ cg'bfg, k'/:sf/ / ;Ddfg ;lxt sfo{qmd ub]{ cfPsf] atfpg'eof] . o;aif{sf] jflif{s sfo{qmddf h;sf] dg p;}nfO{ ;+/If0f eGg] dfGotfnfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ ufpFkflnsf leq df}/L kfng ug]{ @ hgf s[ifsnfO{ # 3f/ df}/L ;lxt k'/:s[t ul/g], ;a}eGbf w]/} b"w pTkfbg ug]{ b'O{ s[ifsnfO{ #) xhf/ a/fa/sf] af5L lsGg cg'bfg lbO{g], ;a}eGbf w]/} afv|fkfng ug]{ b'O{ s[ifsnfO{ ? #) xhf/ a/fa/sf] afv|f lsGg k'/:sf/ lbOg] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . o; cfly{s aif{sf nflu s[liftkm{ $) nfv / kz'kfng tkm{ @% nfv /sd kflnsfn] ljlgof]hg u/]sf] 5 .

h'unsf] ljklQdf kt~hnL sfe|]sf] ;xof]u

g]kfn ;/sf/ s[lif tyf kz'kG5L ljsf; dGqfno k|wfgdGqL s[lif cfw'lgsLs/0f kl/of]hgf

kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{, l;Gw'kfNrf]s sfo{If]qM l;Gw'kfNrf]s÷sfe|]

:yflgo txsf] nfut ;xeflutfdf aLp >f]t s]Gb| :yfkgf ug]{ ;DalGw ;"rgf k|yd k6s k|sflzt ldlt @)&&.)%.@& ut]

k|wfgdGqL s[lif cfw'lgsLs/0f kl/of]hgf, kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{, l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] cf= j= )&&.&* sf] :jLs[t aflif{s sfo{qmd cg';f/ :yflgo txsf] nfut ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt x'g]u/L kl/of]hgfsf] %) k|ltzt cg'bfg ;xof]udf aLp >f]t s]G› :yfkgf ug]{ Pjd\ sfo{If]q cGtu{tsf sfe|] / l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfdf o;eGbf cuf8L g} lgdf{0f eO{;s]sf aLp k|zf]wg tyf e08f/0f u[xx?sf] ;d]t :t/f]GgtL ug]{ of]hgf /x]sf]n] ;f] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;'lrs[t ePsf jf ;'lrlst x'g O{R5's aLp pTkfbs s[ifs ;d"x, ;xsf/L tyf sDklgx?nfO{ :yflgo txsf] nfut ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ul/Psf] l;kmfl/; kqsf ;fy ldlt @)&&.)^.#) ut] leq l/tk"j{s cfj]bg k]z ug{'x'g of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . cfj]bg ;lxt k]z ug{'kg]{ sfuhftx? != ;DalGwt ;+:yfsf] sfo{qmd dfu ;DalGw lg0f{o k|ltlnkL Pj+ Aoj;foLs of]hgf ;lxtsf] k|:tfj. @= ;+:yfsf] :yfoL n]vf gDj/ tyf s/ r'Qmf k|df0f kqsf] k|ltlnkL. #= ;DalGwt lgsfodf btf{ ePsf] tyf gljs/0f u/]sf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL. $= :yflgo txsf] nfut ;xeflutf ;ÚlglZrt ul/Psf] kq. %= ;DalGwt ;+:yfsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] hUufsf] nfnk'hf{sf] k|ltlnkL jf cfˆgf] :jfldTjdf g/x]df slDtdf klg !) aif{ hUuf ef8fdf lnPsf] s/f/gfdf / hUufsf] nfnk'hf{sf] k|ltlnkL k]z ug{'kg]{5 .

la:t[t hfgsf/Lsf] nflu

k|wfgdGqL s[lif cfw'lgsLs/0f kl/of]hgf kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{, l;Gw'kfNrf]s ;Dks{ g+ )!!–^@)!@%, )!!–^^^@@%* -sfe|]knfGrf]s_ (*%!@))!@% EmailM pmamp.piu.sindhupalchok@gmail.com jf pmamp.piu.kavre@gmail.com

Pstf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, ag]kf, sfe|]sf] t]x|f}+ ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DaGwL ;"rgf o; ;+:yfsf] ldlt @)&& c;f]h % ut] a;]sf] ;+rfns ;ldltsf] a}7sn] lg0f{o u/] adf]lhd o; ;+:yfsf] t]x|f}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef lgDg ldlt, ;do / :yfgdf x'g] ePsf]n] oxfFsf] clgjfo{ pkl:yltsf] nflu xflb{s cg'/f]w ul/G5 . ;fy} ljlgod jf gLlt lgod ;DaGwL s'g} k|:tfj 5 eg] ;fwf/0f ;ef x'g] ldltsf] ! xKtf cufl8 lnlvt hfgsf/L ;+:yfsf] sfof{nodf a'emfpg'x'g cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ . 5nkmn x'g] a'“bfx? != jflif{s k|ult ljj/0f tyf k|:tfljt sfo{qmd ;DaGwL . @= jflif{s cfoJoo tyf cg'dflgt ah]6 ;DaGwdf . #= n]vf kl/If0f k|ltj]bg ;DaGwdf . $= n]vf kl/Ifssf] lgo'lQm tyf kfl/>lds ;DaGwdf . %= lg0f{o k'l:tsfdf b:tvt ;DaGwdf . ^= ljlgod ;+zf]wg ;DaGwdf . &= ljljw . sfo{qmd ldlt M @)&&.^.@$ ut] zlgjf/ ;do M ljxfg !) ah] :yfg M sfof{no ejg leq kmf]g g+= )!!–^^$)@* gf]6 != ;efdf pkl:yt x'g g;Sg] ;b:on] ;ft lbg cufl8 lgj]bg lbg'kg{]5 . @= ;+:yfsf ;b:o :jod\ pkl:yt x'g' kg{]5 tyf o; ;+:yfaf6 ljt/0f ul/Psf] ;So"{n/ kq clgjfo{ ?kdf lnP/ cfpg'kg{]5 . #= o; jif{ ljZjJofkL ?kdf km}lnPsf] sf]le8 !( -sf]/f]gf efO/;_ sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ ;/sf/sf] lgb{]zg tyf gu/kflnsfsf] ;"rgf cg'?k ;fdflhs b"/L sfod ug{'kg{] / le8ef8 ug{ gx'g] cj:yfnfO{ dWo gh/ /flv cft]hft] vr{sf] nflu ;b:otf gDa/ cg';f/ ljt/0f ul/g]5 . ;b:otf g+= ldlt ;b:otf g+= ldlt 1-150 2077/6/24 1001-1150 2077/7/1 151-300 2077/6/25 1151-1300 2077/7/2 301-450 2077/6/26 1301-1450 2077/7/3 451-550 2077/6/27 1451-1600 2077/7/4 551-700 2077/6/28 1601-1750 2077/7/5 701-850 2077/6/29 1751-1899 2077/7/6 851-1000 2077/6/30 gf]6 M – oftfoft vr{sf] nflu ;b:o :jod\ pkl:yt x'g'kg{]5, k|ltlglw jf k|f]lS;nfO{ ;f] vr{sf] Joj:yf ul/g] 5}g . – Ps jif{ k"/f ePsf] tyf ut jif{ v/Lb ul/Psf] z]o/sf] nfef+z art vftfdf /flvg] 5 . ;lrj zld{nf k|wfg

ag]kf÷kt~hnL of]u ;ldlt sfe| ] n ] l;Gw' k fNrf] s sf] h' u n ufpFkflnsfdf uPsf] klx/f] / To;af6 lj:yflkt 3/ kl/jf/sf nflu ufpFkflnsf dfkm{t vfBfGg tyf nQfsk8f pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . ag]kfsf] kt~hnL of] u ejgdf cfof] l ht sfo{qmddf kt~hnL of]u ;ldlt sfe|] dfkm{t h'un ufpFkflnsfsf pkfWoIf >[hgf tfdfªnfO{ /fxt ;fdfu|L pknAw u/fO{Psf] xf] . kt~hnL of]u ;ldlt afudtL k|b]zsf cWoIf u|f]j]g tf}hn], lhNnf cWoIf bdgs' d f/ >] i 7, l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf cWoIf sdns[i0f clwsf/L, k~thnL of]u ;ldlt sfe|] dlxnf ;ldlt cWoIf c~hgf >]i7, o'jf cWoIf /d]z >]i7, dxfdGqL k|sfz sfoi7, /f]6/L Sna sfe|]sf cWoIf ;'o{k|ef zfSo, k"j{ cWoIfx? ?sd0fL l;Ub]n, e'jg dfgGw/, sfe|] h]l;h cWoIf lgs]z >]i7, dlxnf h]l;h cWoIf eujtL >]i7, ;'ne ;xsf/Lsf cWoIf ljqmd e}n, ef]dL ax'p2]lZoo ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf cWoIf xl/z/0f >]i7 nufotn] ufpFkflnsf pkfWoIf >[hgf tfdfªnfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]sf lyP . g]kfn pBf]u afl0fHo ;+3sf cWoIf ;'/s[i0f a}B, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+ 3 sfe| ] s f cWoIf df] t L/fd ltdlN;gf nufotn] kt~hnL of]u ;ldltsf] ;xof]un] h'un ufpFkflnsfdf k'u]sf] Ifltdf dNxd nufpg] k|of;sf] k|z+;f ub{} dfgjLo ;+j]bgfdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg cg'/f]w ug{' ePsf] lyof] . ;f]lx cj;/df kt~hnL of]u ;ldltn] #)

s]hL tf}n ePsf] rfdn ^^ af]/f, bfn () lsnf], t]n ^% ln6/, g'g ! ;o ^% Kofs]6, ;fa'g ! ;o %) j6f, bfndf]7 ^% Kofs]6, d:of}/f ! ;o #) Kofs]6, lrp/f @) s]hL tf}n ePsf] $ af]/f, lj:s'6 !) afs;, l:6n yfn #% j6f, l:6n af6f % j6f, l6lkmg afS;f @ j6f / n'ufx? @! af]/f x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . h'un ufpFkflnsf pkfWoIf >[hgf tfdfªn] ljkbsf] a]nf ul/Psf] ;xof]un] dxTjk"0f{ cy{ /fVg] ePsfn] ;xof]unfO{ ;fgf] 7'nf] gegLlbg cg'/f]w ug{' eof] . l5d]sL lhNnfdf ePsf] kL8fdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] kt~hnL of]u ;ldlt dfkm{t ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yf / AolQmx?nfO{ tfdfªn] wGojfb lbg' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf g]kfn pBf]u afl0fHo ;+3sf s]lGb|o ;b:o ;'/s[i0f a}Bn] ljkb\df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] kt~hnL nufotsf ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfx?nfO{ wGojfb lbg' ePsf] lyof] . of]u dfkm{t ePsf] hf]8nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg pxfFn] cg'/f]w ug{' ePsf] . kt~hnL of]u ;ldlt afudtL k|b]zsf cWoIf u|f]j]g tf}hn]n] h'/] klx/f], e'sDk tyf To; kl5sf x/]s ljktLdf kt~hnL of] u ;ldlt gful/sx?s} ;]jfdf ;lqmo eO{/x]sf] atfpg' eof] . lhNnf cWoIf bdgs'df/ >]i7n] lhNnfdf ePsf] ljklQdf dfq} geO{ kt~hnL ljleGg :yfgdf ePsf] ljkltdf ;xsfo{ ul//x]sf] atfpg' eof] . l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] h'un ufpFkflnsfsf ljleGg :yfgdf uPsf] klx/f]sf sf/0f ^% 3/ lj:yflkt ePsf 5g\ . sof}+n] Hofg u'dfPsf 5g\ .

ag]kfdf k'0odftf ‘sl/8f]/’ lgdf{0f z'?

ag]kf÷ag]kf, w'lnv]n / kgf}tL gu/kflnsf hf]8\g] bf]>f] kl/of]hgf k'0odftf sl/8f]/ lgdf{0f sfo{sf] z'ef/De ul/Psf] 5 . zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f k"j{ dGqL uf]s'n af:sf]6fn] o;cl3 g} pQm cfof]hgfsf] lzNofGof; ug{' ePsf] lyof] . k'0odftf sl/8f]/ cGt{ut ag]kf v08sf] ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v nIdLg/l;+ afb], pkk|d'v /]vf ;fksf]6f bfxfn, k|d'v k|zf;lso clws[t slj/fh pk|]lt, j8f cWoIfx?, sd{rf/Lx? tyf :yfgLox?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . lgdf{0f sfo{ z'ef/Dedf gu/ k|d'v afb]n] ;dod} sl/8f] / lgdf{ 0 fsf nflu :yfgLox?sf] ;xeflutf / ;xof]u cfjZos /x]sf] atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . kl/of]hgfsf nflu !$ s/f]8 $& nfv %% xhf/ Oi6d]6 ul/Psf]df ^ s/f]8 @& nfv (% xhf/ ( ;o ^ ?k}+ofdf 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] 5 . @)&& df3 !$ leq ^ dlxgfdf ;DkGg ug{] u/L ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] cfof]hgfdf k'0odftf sl/8f]/sf nflu klxnf] r/0fdf sl/8f]/sf] If]q klxrfg ul/g]5 . l8dfs{];g jfn, lkmlnË jS;{ ;lxt @# lsnf]ld6/ If]qkmnsf] sfo{ x'g]5 . klxnf] v08 ag]kf gu/kflnsf gfnf z]/f

s?0ffdfO{ b]lv ;/:jtL bf]efg x'Fb} ag]kf k'nahf/ k'n;Dd ;8s :t/f]GgtL sfo{ x'g]5 . h;sf nflu :6d]6 ul/Psf] $ s/f]8 *@ nfv ?k}ofF dWo] @ s/f]8 * nfv ?k}ofFdf ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . bf]>f] v08 k'nahf/ ag]kf b]lv v8\k' k'n;Dd :t/f]GgtL x'g]5 . h;sf nflu $ s/f]8 *@ nfv ?k}ofF O:6d]6 ul/Psf]df @ s/f]8 ! nfv ?k}ofFdf ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . To:t} t]>f] v08 v8\k' k'nb]lv kgf}tL lqj]0fL3f6;Dd k'Ug] ;8s :t/f]GgtL sfo{sf nflu $ s/f]8 *@ nfv O:6d]6 ul/Psf]df @ s/f]8 !* nfv ?k}ofdf ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . tLgj6f v08sf] cnu cnu af]nkq cfAxfg ul/Psf] eP klg Pp6} sDkgL;Fu ;Demf}tf ePsf] cfof]hgfsf k|d'v drfsfhL dxh{gn] hfgsf/L lbg' eof] . sl/8f]/ lgdf{0fn] gofF zx/L If]q lgdf{0f x'g], /hdfu{sf] rfk sd x'g], a}slNks dfu{n] oftfoftdf yk ;xhtf x'g] w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf gu/ k|d'v czf]s Aof~h'n] atfpg' eof] . :df6{ l;6L, kmf]xf]/d}nf Aoj:yfkg, Aojl:yt zx/ lgdf{0f nufotsf sfo{ z'? ePsf] gu/ k|d'v Aof~h'n] atfpg' eof] . kgf}tL gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v led Gof}kfg]n] sl/8f]/ ljsf; lhNnfsf] ;d[l4sf] k|d'v cfof]hgf ePsf] atfpg' eof] .

:yfgLo txdf e"–;]jf s]Gb|

k"jf{wf/ / hgzlQmn] ;+rfngdf sl7gfO{

w' l nv] n ÷;+ 3 Lo ;/+ r /gf sfof{Gjog eO{ tLg txsf ;/sf/ sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf] s]lx jif{ kl5 dfnkf]t sfof{noaf6 k|bfg x'g] ;]jfx?nfO{ ;/sf/n] klxnf] r/0fdf gd'gfsf ?kdf s]lx lhNnfsf s]lx kflnsfx?af6 pknAw u/fpg] u/L tof/L :j?k dfnkf]t sfof{nosf] k|f/lDes sfo{ e'–;]jfnfO{ lhNnfsf !# j6} kflnsfn] z'? ug{] tof/L u/]sf 5g\ . c;f]h ! ut]af6 ;]jf k|f/De ug{] u/L lhNnfsf] w'lnv]n, ag]kf / t]dfn ufpFkflnsfn] cg'dlt lnPsf 5g\ . dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf lgldQ k|d'v Clifs'df/ bfxfnn] tLgj6f kflnsfsf nflu c;f]h ! ut]af6 ;]jf z'ef/De ug{] u/L k|df0fkq k|bfg

ug{' ePsf] lyof] . n]vfk9L Aoj;foLx?n] ug{] sfd ca kflnsfx?n] cfkm} /fhZj lnP/ ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . kflnsfx?n] cgnfO{g dfkm{t ;]jfu|flxx?sf] sfo{ ;DkGg u/L dfnkf]t sfof{nosf] ;]jfdf k7fP kl5 ;]jfu|flxx? dfnkf]t sfof{no cfpg' kg{]5 . k|f/lDes sfo{ ePsfn] hUuf kf; tyf cGo ;]jf tTsfn :yfgLo ;/sf/af6 x'g] 5}g . lhNnfdf / kflnsfx?df klg n] v fk9L sfg' g Aoj;foLx?n] tTsfnsf nflu sfo{ ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ . e"–;]jf dfkm{t gful/sx?nfO{ dfnkf]tsf] ;]jf :yfgLo ;/sf/af6} z'ef/De ePsf] ;Gb]z lbg vf]lhPsf] ;"rgf k|ljlw sd{rf/L /fdeQm x'dfufO{n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . ;fpg !% ut] b]lv !# j6} kflnsfsf #( hgf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ e"–;]jf ;DaGwL tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

gdf]a'4df aGg] eof] ‘o'y Ogf]e];g ;]G6/’ gdf]a'4÷gdf]a'4df :yfkgf x'g nfu]sf] g];gn o'y Ogf]e];g OGSo'a];g ;]G6/ -/fli6«o o'jf gjk|jt{g tyf OGSo'a];g s]Gb|_ sf] sfo{ k|f/De ePsf] 5 . /fli6«o o'jf kl/ifbsf] ;+of]hgdf gdf] a ' 4 gu/kflnsf / sf7df8f} + ljZjljBfnosf] ;dGjodf s]Gb| :yfkgf x'g nfu]sf] xf] . gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsf * cf?af/Lrf}/df :yfkgf x'g] s]Gb|sf ljifodf ;/f]sf/jfnf;Fu 5nkmn ul/Psf] 5 . 5nkmndf /fli6«o o'jf kl/ifbsf sfo{sf/L pkfWoIf dfwj 9'+u]n, gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v l6kL zdf{ ltdlN;gf, cfOl8of :6'l8of]sf ;+:yfks Pj+ sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfno pks'nklt sfof{nosf ;Nnfxsf/ l5l/ª nfdf ;xefuL lyP .

tTsflng uflj; cWoIf p4jk|;fb x'dfufO{+n] s]Gb| :yfkgf x'g nfu]sf]df v'zL JoQm ub}{ :yfgLoaf;Lsf] k'0f{ ;xof]u x'g] atfP . s]Gb| :yfkgfkl5 :yfgLo o'jfx?n] cfkm\gf] bIftf / ;Lk oxLF k|of]u ug{ kfpg] / o'jfx? ljb]lzg] qmd /f]lsg] ck]Iff /x]sf] atfP . s]Gb| :yfkgfsf nflu gu/kflnsfn] sl/a %@ /f]kgL hUuf pknJw u/fPsf] 5 . 5nkmnsf] qmddf /fli6«o o'jf kl/ifbsf sfo{sf/L pkfWoIf dfwj 9'+u]nn] b]z el/sf bz xhf/ pTs[i6 gofF ;f]r / of]hgfdWo]af6 aflif{s Ps ;o j6f of]hgfnfO{ s]Gb|dfkm{t clGtd ?k lbP/ cfly{s ;d[l4sf nflu k|of]u ug]{ atfP . cfly{s aif{df of]hgf lgdf{0f nufotsf] sfd ;Sg] / cfufdL aif{af6 ef}lts lgdf{0fsf] sfd cl3 a9fpg] 9'+u]nn] atfP .

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

jif{ @^ c+s $* @)&& c;f]h * ut] ljxLjf/

w'lnv]ndf cf}Bf]lus u|fd lgdf{0fsf] tof/L z'? ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{sf] lzNofGof;

e'Dn' ufFpkflnsf

ufpF sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no ;Nn] e'Dn', sfe|]knf~rf]s

sd{rf/L s/f/df lng] ;DaGwL ;'rgf ldtLM@)&&.)^.)* g]kfn ;/sf/ s[lif tyf kz'kG5L ljsf; dGqfno k|wfgdGqL s[lif cfw'lgsLs/0f kl/of]hgf

kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{, l;Gw'kfNrf]s

o; e'Dn' ufFpkflnsfsf] ldtL @)&&.)^.)^ ut]sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ o; sfof{nosf nflu tklzn adf]lhdsf] sd{rf/Lsf] cfjZostf k/]sf] x'gfn] OR5's g]kfnL gful/sn] pNn]lvt :yfg / ;dodf lgj]bg k]z ug{'x'g of] ;'rgf hf/L ul/Psf] 5 .

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s[lif ljsf; sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf nflu k|:tfj k]z ug]{ ;DalGw ;"rgf k|yd k6s k|sflzt ldlt @)&&.)^.)! ut] k|wfgdGqL s[lif cfw'lgsLs/0f kl/of]hgf, kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{, l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] cf= j= )&&.&* sf] :jLs[t aflif{s sfo{qmd cg';f/ kl/of]hgfsf] sfo{If]q cGtu{tsf sfe|] / l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfdf rSnfaGbL÷oGq d}qL ux|f ;'wf/ sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog x'g] laif]z u|fxot lbO{ tklzndf pNn]lvt sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ul/g] ePsf] x'Fbf pQm l:sddf ;xeflu x'g rfxg] ;'lrs[t ePsf Aoj;flos s[ifs, pBdL, s[ifs ;d"x, ;xsf/L tyf sDklgx?nfO{ nflu cfjZos sfuhft ;lxt ldlt @)&&.)&.@! ut] leq l/tk"j{s cfj]bg k]z ug{'x'g of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . tkzLn

cfj]bg ;lxt k]z ug{'kg]{ sfuhftx? != ;DalGwt ;+:yfsf] sfo{qmd dfu ;DalGw lg0f{o k|ltlnkL Pj+ Aoj;foLs of]hgf ;lxtsf] k|:tfj. @= ;+:yfsf] :yfoL n]vf gDj/ tyf s/ r'Qmf k|df0f kqsf] k|ltlnkL. #= hUufsf] nfnk'hf{sf] k|ltlnkL jf slDtdf klg !) aif{ hUuf ef8fdf lnPsf] s/f/gfdf / hUufsf] nfnk'hf{sf] k|ltlnkL . la:t[t hfgsf/Lsf] nflu

k|wfgdGqL s[lif cfw'lgsLs/0f kl/of]hgf kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{, l;Gw'kfNrf]s ;Dks{ g+ )!!–^@)!@%, )!!–^^^@@%* -sfe|]knfGrf]s_ EmailM pmamp.piu.sindhupalchok@gmail.com jf pmamp.piu.kavre@gmail.com

sf]le8–!( af6 hf]lug clgjfo{ ?kdf df:s nufcf}+ . ;do ;dodf ;fa'g kfgLn] xft w'g] u/f}+ cfjZos z}lIfs of]Uotf tyf k]z ug{'kg]{ sfuhkqx? M • g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk • d]8Lsn clkm;/MdfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 lrlsT;f zf:qdf :gfts tx -MBBS_ plQ0f{ ul/ d]l8sn sfpG;Lndf btf{ ePsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk • x]Ny cl;i6]G6 MdfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 lrlsT;f lj1fg -x]Ny cl;i6]G6_ ljifodf k|lj0ftf k|df0f kq tx jf ;f] ;/xsf] sf]if{ plt0f{ u/]sf] / g]kfn :jf:Yo Joj;foL kl/ifb\df btf{ ePsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk • cx]jM dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 l;=Pd=P ljifodf k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq tx jf :jf:Yo ljifodf TSLC sf]if{ jf ;f] ;/xsf] sf]if{ plQ0f{ u/]sf] / g]kfn :jf:Yo Joj;foL kl/ifb\ df btf{ ePsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk • :6fkm g;{ MdfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 gl;{Ë ljifodf k|lj0ftf k|df0f kq tx jf ;f] ;/x plQ0f{ ul/ gl;{Ë kl/ifbdf btf{ ePsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk • ;j–OlGhlgo/ MdfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 l;len OlGhlgol/Ëdf k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq tx jf cf]e/l;o/ jf l8Knf]df tx plQ0f{, u/]sf] / s'g} klg ;fj{hlgs lgsfo -:yflgo lgsfodf sfd u/]sf] ePdf ljz]if k|fyldstf lbOg] 5 ._ slDtdf ! jif{sf] sfd u/]sf] cg'ej ePsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk • sfof{no ;xof]uL M ;fwf/0f n]vk9 ug{ hfGg] cfj]bg b:t'/M d]8Lsn clkm;/ M ?=!))), :6fkm g;{M ?=&)), x]Ny cl;i6]G6M?=&)), cx]jM ?=&)), ;j–OlGhlgo/M?=&)), sfof{no ;xof]uL M ?=%)), cfj]bg b:t'/ g]kfn aËnfb]z a}Ídf /x]sf] e'Dn' ufFpkflnsfsf] cfGtl/s /fh:j vftf g+= =)%^)))!^$! jf e'Dn' ufFpkflnsfsf] /fh:j zfvfdf a'emfpg ;lsg]5 . ;]jf tyf ;'ljwfM g]kfn ;/sf/n] pNn]lvt kbsf nflu lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhdsf] tna pknAw u/fOg]5 . ;fy} d]8Lsn clkm;/sf] xsdf e'Dn' ufFpkflnsfn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhdsf] hf]lvd eQf ;d]t pknAw u/fOg]5 . b/vf:t a'emfpg] :yfgM e'Dn' ufp“kflnsfsf] sfof{no, ;Nn] sfe|]knf~rf]s b/vf:t lbg] clGtd ldtLM @)&&.)^.!$ ut] j]n'sL %M)) ah] ;Dd gf]6M- b/vf:t kmf/d e'Dn' ufFpkflnsf sfof{nosf] k|zf;g zfvf tyf ufFpkflnsfsf] j]e;fO{6 www.bhumun.gov.np af6 ;d]t k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 .

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w'lnv]n÷w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ !) df lgdf{0f x'g] cf}Bf]lus u|fd;Dd hfg] ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? ePsf] 5 . gu/ k|d'v czf]s Aof~h', pkk|d'v ljdnf zdf{ nufotn] ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{sf] z'?jft ug{' ePsf] lyof] . j8f gDj/ !) sf] zf/bf atf;] l:yt lkË8fF8fdf ! s/f]8 @% nfv ?k}ofdf cf}wf]lus u|fd lgdf{0fsf] k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . ;+3 ;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf lgdf{0f x'g] pQm cf}wf]lus u|fddf ( lsl;dsf ejg lgdf{0f x'g]5g\ . :yfgLo pTkfbg k|j{4g ug{] pb]Zon] cf}Bf]lus u|fd lgdf{0f ug{ nfluPsf] xf] . lhNnfsf] /f]zL nufotsf ufpFkflnsfdf cf}Bf]lus u|fd lgdf{0f x'Fb}5 . cf}wf]lus u|fd hfg] ;8s lgdf{0fsf nflu (@ nfv ?k}ofsf] af]nkq cfAxfg ul/Psf]df $& nfv ?k}ofdf ;8s lgdf{0f x'g] ePsf] 5 . dfkb08 cg';f/sf] :t/f]GgtL pQm af]nkq dfkm{t x'g]5 . $% nfv ?k}ofsf] k'gM af]nkq u/]/ yk lgdf{0f x'g]5 . @ lsnf] ld6/ $ ;o ld6/ nDafO{ /x]sf] pQm ;8s lgdf{0fsf nflu sfe|]eGHofË b]lv cf}wf]lus u|fd lgdf{0f x'g] :yfg lkË 8fF8f vs{ kfvf;Dd lgdf{0f x'g]5 . sfo{qmddf k|d'v k|zf;lso clws[t af;'b]j pk|]lt, j8f cWoIfx? lg/fhg h+ud, a;Gt /fgfef6, k'ik /fpt, lji0f' lwtfn, k|fljlws / OlGhlgo/x?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

of] ;ftf k"/} z'e /x]sf]n] ld7fld7f k|]djftf{ nfe, ;fgf]ltgf] ofqfsf] of]u, cWoog cWofkgdf ?rL j[l4, /f]uaf6 d'lQm ;fy} ldi7fGg ef]hg k|flKt x'g]5 . dGq M P]+ x|L+ P]+ ;/:jTo} gdM . * / ( ut] cfkmGt;Fu j}/efj j[l4sf] ;fy} k]6df ljsf/ cfpnf, c? lbgdf P]Zjo{ j[l4, z/L/df :j:ytf, ;Gtfgaf6 ;'v k|flKt x'g]5 . dGq M ç x|L+ efUof]bo x|L+ gdM . ;ftfsf] dWo !)–!! ut] ;do gs/fTds x'Fbf lrQdf r+rntf ;fy} lgb|fdf c;'ljwf a9\nf, afFsL lbgdf w}o{tf j[l4, kfl/jf/Ls ;'v k|flKt xf]nf . dGq M ç u+ u0fkto gdM . *–!! ut];Dd k/fqmd j[l4,

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afGwjaf6 ;'vsf] ck]Iff /fVg ;lsg]5, !#–!$ ut] ;Dd 5ftLsf] /f]usf] eo /xnf . dGq M ç qmL+ sfNo} gd M .

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k"/} ;ftf ;sf/fTds x'Fbf cw'/f sfo{ ;xh} ;kmn x'g]5, dfg ;Ddfg k|flKt, zq'dfly ljho k|flKt, sfo{df ;kmntf, ldi7fGg ef]hg k|flKt x'g]5 . dGq M ç x|L+ gdM . ;'?sf] b'O{ lbg rf]6k6ssf] eo /x]sf]n] ;ts{ /xg'xf]nf, c? lbgdf ljk/Lt lnËaf6 ;'v k|flKt, :jf:Yodf lg/f]lutf, pkxf/ cflb j:t' k|flKt x'g]5 . dGq M ç a6's e}/jfo x|L+ ç . *–( ut];Dd wg cfudgsf] gofF af6f] j[l4 xf]nf, !)–!! ut] ;Dd ;do ljk/Lt x'Fbf zq' j[l4 xf]nfg\, afFsL lbgdf z/L/df ;'v k|flKt ;fy} cfo j[l4 x'g]5 . dGq M ç b'+ b'uf{o gdM . *–!! ut] ; Dd z/L/df :j:ytf, k"/} /fHoaf6 ;'v k|flKt, sd{ j[l4 ;fy} cfo j[l4 x'g]5, c? lbg zfl//Ls kL8f ;fy} df]6f] wg/fzL vr{ xf]nf . dGq M ç Sn]zlgzfo SnL+ gdM .

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;'Gb}========================================= ljzfn cfn]n] o'jtLnfO{ ut jif{sf] c;f]h dlxgf b]lv ha{hl:t ug{ z'? u/]sf lyP . ljzfn cfn];Fu Pp6} kmd{df sfd ug{ ePsfn] lrghfg ePsf] lyof] . @)&^ c;f]h @! ut] /flt ( ah] b]lv lg/Gt/ ha{hl:t s/0fL ub{} cfPsf lyP . clGtd k6s pgn] @)&& ;fpg @ ut] /flt !)=#) ah] s/0fL u/]/ kmls{Psf lyP . o'jtL sf]7fdf PSn} ;'Tg] ePsfn] plgx?n] k6s k6s ha{hl:t s/0fL ul//x]sf] aofgdf pNn]v 5 . s;}nfO{ eg] b]lv ltdL / aRrf clg >LdfgnfO{ ;d]t dfl/lbg] wDsL lbPsfn] eGg g;s]sf] o'jtLn] atfO{g\ . clGtd k6s ;fpg @ ut] /flt ePsf] pQm 36gf kl5 o'jtL sfddf hfg ;lsgg\ . @)&& c;f]h @ ut] /flt ;f]lx kf]N6«L kmd{df sfd ug{] cd[t v8\sfn] k'gM ha{hl:t s/0fL u/] . cd[t v8\sfn] ha{hl:t s/0fL u/]sf] / wDsL lbPsf] Tolx sfd ug{] csf{ AolQm /3'gfy d08nn] yfxf kfP . d08n klxnf] ha{hl:t s/0fL ug{] AolQm x'g\ . pgn] kf]N6«L kmd{sf k|f]kfO{6/nfO{ 36gfsf af/]df hfgsf/L lbg nfu] . o'jtLn] pN6} t}n] klg ha{hl:t s/0fL u/]sf] 5;\ t]/f] af/]df klg elglbG5' eg]kl5 d08nn] o'jtLnfO{ s'6lk6 ug{ nfu] . s'6lk6 ubf{ ub{} efUb} uPsL o'jtLn] Tolx x'g] csL{ dlxnfnfO{ 36gfsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fP kl5 36gf ;fj{hlgs eof] . k|ltjfbL ljzfn cfn], cd[t v8\sf / /3'gfy d08nnfO{ k|x/Ln] kqmfp u/L d'n'sL ck/fw ;+lxtf @)&$ sf] s/0fL ;DaGwL s;'/ cGt/ut d'2f btf{ u/L cg';Gwfg z'? u/]sf] 5 . @@ aifL{o ljzfn cfn] dfxfef/t ufpkFflnsf j8f gDj/ ! uf]s'n] 3/ eO{ s]lx jif{ b]lv kf]N6«L kmd{df sfd ub{} cfPsf lyP . ef/tsf] klZrd a+ufn 3/ eO{ w'lnv]n $ df /x]sf] kf]N6«L kmd{df sfd ug]{ @# aifL{o /3'gfy d08nn] o'jtL;uF ;DaGw /fv]sf] cfkm}n] lel8of] ;d]t agfPsf 5g\ . pgn] @)&& ebf} ! ut] b]lv k6s k6s ha{hl:t s/0fL u/]sf lyP . clGtd k6s @)&& c;f]h ! ut] /ftL o'jtLsf] sf]7fdf k'u]/ ha{hl:t s/0fL u/]sf lyP . ;uF} sfd u/]sf sf/0f d08n;uF /fd|f] lrghfg ePsf] lyof] . Tolx sf/0f pgn] o'jtLNfO{ k6s k6s kmf]g klg ub{y] . kmf]gd} s'/f ug{] qmddf d08nn] o'jtL;uF ljzfn cfn];uF ;DjGw /fVg x'g] d ;uF lsg gx'g] < eGb} wDSofpbF} 9f]sf 9s9s u/]sf lyP . /fltsf] ;dodf o'jtLn] 9f]sf 9s9s u/] kl5 vf]lnlbPsL lyO{g\ . pg} d08nn] o'jtLnfO{ Tolx /flt efb| ! ut] b]lv ha{hl:t s/0fL u/] . cfkm}n] s/0fL u/]sf] lel8of] cfkm} agfP . clg s/0fL ug{ gkfPsf] ;dodf Tolx lel8of] ;fj{hlgs ul/lbg] qf; b]vfP/ s/0fL ul//x] . o'jtLn] pQm s'/f gf]s/L hfg ;Sg] ePsfn] ;d]t geg]sf] atfPsL l5g\ . dsjfgk'/ lhNnf x]6f}8f pk–dfxfgu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ !@ 3/ eO{ xfn w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ $ df /x]sf] kf]lN6« kmd{df sfd ug{] @* aifL{o cd[t v8\sf ha{hl:t s/0fLsf t]>f] AolQm x'g\ . pgn] d08n / ljzfn cfn]n] ha{hl:t ul//xg] yfxf kfP/ cfkm'n] klg ug{ kfpg' kg{] atfpbF} o'jtL dfyL ha{hl:t u/]sf lyP . c;f]h ! ut] d08nn] ha{hl:t s/0fL u/] kl5 cd[t ef]lnkN6 o'jtLsf] sf]7fdf /flt * ah] g} k'u]sf lyP . ;fpg @ ut] /flt kl5 ljzfn cfn] o'jtLsf] sf]7fdf cfPsf lyPgg\ . >LdfgnfO{ csf{] sf]7fdf ;'tfP/ nuftf/ Tolx sfd ug{] cGo k'?ifaf6 anfTs[t eO{/xbFf klg o'jtL >Ldfgsf] sf]7fdf cfpg] / >LdfgnfO{ 36gfsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg] u/]sL lyO{g\ . Tolx df}sf 5f]k]sf lyP tLg} hgf sfd ug{] o'jfx?n] . d08nn] v8\sf;uF lsg zfl//Ls ;DaGw /fv]sf] < d}n] t ljjfx g} u5{' eg]sf] lyPF < eGb} o'jtLnfO{ k'gM wDSofPsf lyP . To;kl5 dfq} plgx? ;a} hgfn] kfn}kfnf] ha{hl:t s/0fL ul//x]sf] kf]n v'n]sf] lyof] . k|x/Ln] plgx? lj?4 c;f]h # ut] d'2f btf{ u/L cg';Gwfg z'? u/]sf] 5 . ns8fpgsf sf/0f d'n'sdf cfly{s ;+s6 ulxl/b} 5 . ;dfhdf ljleGg k|sf/sf ck/fw a9\g yfn]sf 5g\ . ckf/wsf lo gd'gf x'g\ . ;dfhdf k|ljlwsf] ljsf;sf] k|of]u a9]sf] ck/fw Go"lgs/0fdf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] Wofg hfg' h?/L 5 .

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3. Management 5. Education

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