Year 26 issue 42

x'=b=g+=)#.)%(.)^), sf=k=lh=b=g+= )!.)%).)%!, sfe|]

k|b]z :t/sf] ‘s’ >]0fLsf] ;fKtflxs

c:ktfn 3d'fpb“f 3d'fpb“} Hofg uof] @^cf}+ jif{ c;n ;dfh lgdf{0fsf nflu ;To ;dfrf/sf] ;Dk|]if0f

CHESHTA WEEKLY jif{ @^ c+s $@ @)&& ;fpg @( ut] ljxLjf/ (Thursday, 13 Aug. 2020) g]kfn ;+jt\ !!$), d"No ?= %. -pkTosfsf] nflu ?= &_ k]h * www.cheshtaweekly.com.np

;fpg @^ ut] ;f]daf/ sf7df8f}sf] ls:6 c:ktfndf d[To' kZrft sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0f k'li6 ePsL %) alif{of dlxnfsf] sf]/f]gf ;DaGwL pkrf/ z'? gx'Fb} lgwg ePsf] ePsf] 5 . rf/j6f c:ktfn k'u]/ pkrf/ gkfP kl5 kfFrf} c:ktfndf pkrf/sf nflu egf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . …;fpg !* ut] cfO{taf/ cfdfnfO{ Hj/f] cfpg] / k]6 kf]Ng] ;d:of b]lvof]Ú– !% alif{o sfG5f] 5f]/fn]

eGg'eof]–…!( ut] hg} k"0fL{dfsf] lbg pxfFn] aFu'/sf] df;' / /S;L ;]jg ug{' ePsf] lyof] . t/ klg pxfFnfO{ sd geP kl5 d]l8snsf] cf}ifwL ;]jg u/fO{of] . 36\g] eGbf /f]u a9\b} uof] . hl08; / 6fO{kmfO{8 ePsf] z+sf nfu] kl5 ;fpg @# ut] z' q maf/ kfF r vfn gu/kflnsfsf] :jf:Yo rf}sLdf hrfpFg nluof] .Ú cfdfnfO{ sfG5f] 5f]/fn] ;fj{hlgs oftfoft r9fP/} kfFrvfn :jf:Yo rf}sL k'¥ofpg' ePsf] lyof] . afFsL @ k]hdf

km}nFbf] …sf]/f]gfÚ ;+qmd0f

Pssf] lgwg, %@ ;q+mldt, @# c:ktfndf df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf w'lnv]n @)&^ r}q !! ut] z'? ePsf] ns8fpgsf] cjlwdf lhNnfdf klxnf] k6s @)&& h]i7 # ut] sf7df8f}+ lhNnf sfu]Zj/L dgf]x/f gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ # 3/ ePsf @^ aifL{o k'?ifnfO{ sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0f b]lvof] . pgL sfe|] lhNnfsf :yfoL afl;Gbf x}gg\ t/ klg sfo{If]qsf qmddf pgdf b]lvPsf] ;+qmd0f lhNnfsf] klxnf] ;+qmd0f ePsf] AolQmsf ?kdf btf{ ePsf] 5 . lhNnfaf;Lx?df klxnf] k6s a}b]lzs /f]huf/af6 kmls{Psf kfFr hgfdf AolQmx?df sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0f k'li6 eof] . h;df /f]zL ufpFkflnsfsf gful/sx? tLghgf 5g\ eg] kfFrvfn

sfe|]df sfo{/t eO{+ 3/ ljbfaf6 kmls{Psf k|x/L sd{rf/Ldf ;+qmd0f b]lvPsf] 5 . pgnfO{ Sjf/]G6fO{gdf /flvPsf] lyof] . ;+3Lo k|x/Ldf z'?df rfnsnfO{ b]lvPsf] sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0f lj:tf/} cGo sd{rf/Lx?df b]lvPsf] xf] . lz/ d]df]l/on c:ktfnsf] cfO{;f]n];g jf8{df sfo{/t Pshgf sd{rf/LnfO{ sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0f b]lvPsf] 5 . ;Dks{df /x]sf AolQmx?sf] kl/If0f eO{/x]sf] 5 . ;d'bfodf /x]sf dWo] sf7df8f}+ 3/ ePsf sfu]Zj/L dgf]x/f gu/kflnsf # 3/ ePsf @^ aifL{o k'?if g]kfnL ;]gfdf sfo{/t 5g\ . dxfef/t ufpFkflnsf ! 3/ ePsL %# aifL{of dlxnf kf6g c:ktfndf pkrf/sf nflu k'u]sL lyO{g\ . eQmk'/sf] SofG;/ c:ktfndf pkrf/df uPsL #$ alif{of dlxnfdf

c:ktfndf pkrf/fy{ /xFbf pxfFdf sf]/f]gf kf]h]l6e b]lvPsf] xf] . ;fpg @* ut] ; Ddsf] tYofÍsf cfwf/df lhNnfdf sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0f k'li6 ePsf gful/sx?sf] ;+Vof %@ /x]sf] 5 . h;dWo] ;a}eGbf w]/} ag]kf gu/kflnsfdf @#, kfFrvfn gu/kflnsf &, kgf}tL gu/kflnsf %, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf %, /f]zL ufpFkflnsf #, d08gb]pk'/ gu/kflnsf @, dxfef/t ufpFkflnsf @, a]yfGrf]s ufpFkflnsf !, e'Dn' ufpFkflnsf @, t]dfn ufpFkflnsf ! /x]sf 5g\ . xfn;Dd gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsf, rf}/Lb]p/fnL ufpFkflnsf / vfgLvf]nf ufpFkflnsfsf gful/sx?df ;+qmd0f b]lvPsf] 5}g . lnË / pd]/sf cfwf/df lhNnfdf dlxnf !), afFsL @ k]hdf

Sjf/]G6fO{gsf] ;+Vof lhNnfdf kflnsf cg';f/ -@)&& ;fpg @& ut]sf] tYof+s_

gu/kflnsfsf Ps / kgf}tL gu/kflnsfsf] Pshgf /x]sf 5g\ . a}b]lzs /f]huf/af6 kmls{Psf gful/sx?nfO{ dfq} b]lvPsf] ;+qmd0f h]i7 @# ut] kgf}tL gu/kflnsfsL #( alif{of dlxnfdf b]lvof] . pgL 3/af6 aflx/ uPsL lyOgg\ . t/ klg pgdf b]lvPsf] sf]/f]gfsf] >f]t s] xf] < kQf nfUg ;s]g . kl/jf/sf ;b:o / ;Dks{df /x]sf cGo AolQmx?df ;d]t gb]lvP kl5 :jf:YosdL{x?nfO{ Tof] r'gf}tLsf] ljifo aGof] . c;f/ @^ ut] ag]kf !# e}+;]kf6Lsf o'jsdf b]lvof] . pgL sf7df8f}df sfo{/t lyP . ag]kf e};]kf6L 3/ eO{ sf7df8f}+df sfo{/t pgLdf sf]/f]gf b]lvPsf] lyof] . Tolxlbg kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ @ sL $( alif{of dlxnfdf sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0f k'li6 eof] . kgf} t Ldf /x] s f b' j } h gf dlxnf c:ktfnaf6 3/ kmls{g' ePsf] lyof] . ;k{n] 6f]s]/ 6]s' c:ktfn k'Ug' ePsL s'zfb]jLsL dlxnf / kgf}tLsL csL{ dlxnf w'lnv]n c:ktfnaf6 3/ kms{g' ePsf] lyof] . ag]kf !# sf o'jf sf7df8f}+ hfg] cfpg] u/]sf lyP . ;d'bfodf sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0f b]lvPsf #) hgf dWo] !$ k|x/L 5g\ . ;+3Lo k|x/L sfof{no hgfufndf sfo{/t k|x/L sd{rf/Lx?df sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0f b]lvPsf] xf] . lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no

sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0f b]lvof] . d08gb]pk'/ gu/kflnsfsf] Sjf/]G6fO{gdf vfgf ksfP/ v'jfpg] @( alif{o k'?ifnfO{ sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0f b]lvPsf] lyof] . w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ ( 3/ ePsf *@ alif{o k'?ifdf sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0f k'li6 ePsf] 5 . cfGb|fsf] ;d:of kQf nfUg g;Sbf pgL ag]kfsf] s[i0fk|;fb c:ktfndf ;fpg !# ut] pkrf/sf nflu k'u]sf lyP . ;]gfsf] 5fpgL c:ktfndf ;fpg !@ ut] k'u]sf pgsf] ;d:of kQf gnfu] kl5 k'gM pgL kmls{Psf lyP . ;fpg !$ 5fpgL c:ktfndf egf{ ePsf pgsf] ck|];g eof] . ck|];g ePsf] s]lx lbgkl5 ;fpg @# ut] sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0f k'li6 eof] . plg clxn] lgsf] eO{;s]sf 5g\ . ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ & uf]bfdrf]sdf l;/s 8:gfsf] k;n ub{} cfPsf ;nf{xLsf Ps kl/jf/sf ;b:o !@ alif{o afnsdf ;fpg @% ut] sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0f k'li6 eof] . ;d'bfodf km}nb} uPsf] sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0fsf] >f]t klxrfg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . t/ ;Dks{df /x]sf AolQmx? dWo] k|x/Ldf afx]s cGodf sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0f b]lvPsf] 5}g . d+unaf/ w'lnv]n 3/ eO{ afg]Zj/df a:b} cfPsf (@ alif{o a[4df sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0f b]lvof] . hGdlbg dgfpg w'lnv]n cfPsf a[4nfO{ ;f]daf/ ;fFem :jf:Yodf ;d:of eP;Fu} w'lnv]n c:ktfn nluPsf] lyof] .

s'g kflnsfdf slt ;+qmldt ag]kf gu/kflnsf – @# kfFrvfn gu/kflnsf – & kgf}tL gu/kflnsf – % w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf – % /f]zL ufpFkflnsf – # d08gb]pk'/ gu/kflnsf – @ dxfef/t ufpFKflnsf – @ e'Dn' ufpFkflnsf – @ a]yfGrf]s ufpFkflnsf – ! t]dfn ufpFkflnsf – ! sf7df8f} – ! hDdf ;+qmldt – %@

ln+u / pd]/sf cfwf/df ;+qmldt

dlxnf – !) k'?if – $@ h]i7 gful/s – @ afns – ! ;d'bfodf /x]sf ;+qmldt – #) ab}l]zs /fh]uf/af6 kmlsP{sf ;q+mldt – @@

;+qmd0f gb]lvPsf kflnsfx? gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsf rf}/Lb]p/fnL ufpFkflnsf vfgLvf]nf ufpFkflnsf

sfe|]df sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0fsf] l:ylt :@)&& h]7 # ut] @^ aif{, k'?if – sfu]Zj/L dgf]x/f gu/kflnsf #, sf7df8f} :@)&& h]7 @# @) aif{, dlxnf – /f]zL ufpFkflnsf j8f gDj/ @-uf]bfj/L gu/kflnsf_ @! jif{, k'?if – /f]zL ufpFkflnsf @@ jif{, k'?if – /f]zL ufpFkflnsf !) #( aif{, dlxnf– kgf}tL gu/kflnsf :@)&& c;f/ !$ @# jif{, k'?if – a]yfGrf]s :@)&& c;f/ !& @$ jif{, dlxnf – ag]kf ## jif{, k'?if – kfFrvfn ^ #^ jif{, k'?if – kfFrvfn ( :@)&& c;f/ @! @^ jif{, k'?if – kfFrvfn @( jif{, k'?if – kfFrvfn @@ jif{, k'?if – dxfef/t @* jif{, k'?if – ag]kf :@)&& c;f/ @$ #) jif{, k'?if – w'lnv]n -pbk'/_ :@)&& c;f/ @^ $) jif{, k'?if – t]dfn * d]R5] @^ jif{, k'?if – kgf}tL ( #$ jif{, dlxnf – ag]kf a'8f]n #) jif{, k'?if – ag]kf !#, e};]kf6L @# jif{, dlxnf – ag]kf -ef]6dfu{_ $( jif{, dlxnf – kgf}tL @, s'zfb]jL :@)&& c;f/ @( @& jif{, k'?if – d08gb]pk'/ @# jif{, k'?if – kfFrvfn !) :@)&& c;f/ #) %# jif{, dlxnf – dxfef/t ! @)&& ;fpg !

#( jif{, k'?if – kgf}tL aNynL @* jif{, k'?if – kgf}tL :@)&& ;fpg $ @( jif{, k'?if – d08gb]pk'/ :@)&& ;fpg !) #@ jif{, k'?if – e'Dn' :@)&& ;fpg !^ #! jif{, k'?if – ag]kf ( :@)&& ;fpg @) #) jif{, k'?if – ag]kf -;+3Lo k|x/L_ :@)&& ;fpg @! @% jif{, dlxnf – ag]kf-bf]nvf, ;+3Lo k|x/L_ @) jif{, k'?if – agkf- Uof/]h_ :@)&& ;fpg @@ @( jif{, k'?if – ag]kf ! $^ jif{, dlxnf – w'lnv]n & :@)&& ;fpg @# &# jif{, k'?if – w'lnv]n ( :@)&& ;fpg @$ #) jif{, k'?if – ag]kf -;+3Lo k|x/L_ #% jif{, k'?if – ag]kf -;+3Lo k|x/L_ #! jif{, k'?if – ag]kf -;+3Lo k|x/L_ #^ jif{, k'?if – ag]kf -;+3Lo k|x/L_ %# jif{, k'?if – ag]kf -;+3Lo k|x/L_ @# jif{, dlxnf – ag]kf -lz/d]df]l/on c:ktfn_ :@)&& ;fpg @% !@ aif{, afns– ag]kf -uf]bfdrf]s_ :@)&& ;fpg @^ !( aif{, k'?if– e'Dn' $ k|x/L– ;+3Lo #, lhNnf k|x/L ! %) jif{, dlxnf– kfFrvfn -lgwg_ :@)&& ;fpg @& ;+3Lo k|x/L – # (@ jif{, k'?if– w'lnv]n

tLg gu/sf] ;fem]bf/L ‘sl/8f]/’ ag]kf÷ag]kf, w'lnv]n / kgf}tL gu/kflnsf hf]8\g] ;fem]bf/Lsf] bf]>f] kl/of]hgf k'0odftf sl/8f]/ lgdf{0f sfo{sf] lzNofGof; ul/Psf] 5 . zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f k"j{ dGqL uf]s'n af:sf]6fn] a'waf/ cfof]hgfsf] lzNofGof; ug{' ePsf] xf] . kl/of]hgfsf nflu !$ s/f]8 $& nfv %% xhf/ Oi6d]6 ul/Psf]df ^ s/f]8 @& nfv (% xhf/ ( ;o ^ ?k}ofFdf 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] 5 . @)&& df3 !$ leq ^ dlxgfdf ;DkGg ug{] u/L ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] cfof]hgfdf k'0odftf sl/8f]/sf nflu klxnf] r/0fdf sl/8f]/sf] If]q klxrfg ul/g]5 . l8dfs{];g jfn, lkmlnË jS;{ ;lxt @# lsnf]ld6/ If]qkmnsf] sfo{ x'g]5 . klxnf] v08 ag]kf gu/kflnsf gfnf z]/f afFsL @ k]hdf

@

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

;DkfbsLo== = = = = = = = = = = k|x/L k|lti7fgsf] cGof}ntf sfe|]sf] kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ ^ ;'Gyfg l:yt blnGrf]sdf lgdf{0f ul/g nfu]sf] /fli6«o k|x/L k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg -k|x/L Ps]8]dL_ lgdf{0fdf cGof]ntf al9/x]sf] 5. jiff{} ljlt;Sbf ;d]t pQm If]qdf lgdf{0f x'g] elgPsf] k|lti7fgsf] sfo{ cl3 ga9\bf /fi6«nfO{ gf]S;fgL eO{/x]sf] 5 eg] :yfgLox?af6 vl/b ul/Psf] hldg ;d]t afFemf] x'Fbf pTkfbg 3l6/x]sf] 5. /fHosf] caf{} /sd gf]S;fgL x'g k'u]sf] 5. cGof]ntfn] k|lti7fgsf] sfo{df ;d]t k|efljt agfPsf] 5. x/]s k6s pQm If]qsf ljifodf s'/fsfgL eP klg l5d]sL b]z ef/tsf] :jfy{sf sf/0f ;dod} lgdf{0f x'g g;s]sf] xf]. sf7df8f}+sf] dxf/fhu~hdf /x]sf] k|x/L Ps]8]dL k"0f{ ?kdf lj:yflkt u/L kgf}tLdf :yfkgf ug{ vf]lhP klg ef/t ;/sf/sf] cfn6fnsf sf/0f Ps]8]dL lgdf{0fsf] sfo{n] ult lng ;s]sf] 5}g. lgdf{0f sfo{ ;'? ePsf] cj:yfdf klg % b]lv !) jif{;Dd nfUg ;Sg] of]hgf xf] of]. Ps]8]dL lgdf{0f cl3 g]kfn ;/sf/n] pQm :yfgdf c:yfoL ;+/rgfsf 6x/f lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ z'? u/]sf] 5. 6x/f lgdf{0fsf nflu k|lti7fgn] @)&^ d+;L/ * ut] & s/f]8 () nfv !@ xhf/ * ;o (% ?k}ofFdf 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf u/]sf] lyof]. ^ dlxgfleq sfd ;Sg] u/L lk|ˆofa ;+/rgf lgdf{0fsf] 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf ePsf] lyof]. sf]/f]gf efO{/;sf sf/0f pQm ;+/rgf lgdf{0fdf l9nfO{ ePsf] 5. ;Demf}tf cg';f/ tf]lsPsf] ;dodf lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg x'g ;Sbf Ps]8]dLn] p2]Zo cg';f/sf] sfo{ cufl8 a9fpg ;s]sf] 5}g. sf]/f]gfnfO{ b]vfpFb} pQm If]qdf k|lti7fgn] ug{ sfo{ cj?4 kfl/Psf] 5. k|x/L Ps]8]dLsf] k|f/lDes d'No sl/a ( ca{sf] 5. @% jif{ cl3 ef/t ;/sf/n] sfe|]sf] kgf}tLdf pQm Ps]8]dL agfO{ lbg] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] eP klg Tof] sfo{ cl3 a9\g ;s]sf] lyPg. slxn]af6 ;'? x'G5 / slxn] ;lsG5 eGg] 6'+uf] nfu]sf] 5}g\. k|lti7fgsf] u'?of]hgfdf ef/t ;xdt gePkl5 lgdf{0f k|lqmof cGof]ndf k/]sf] xf]. ef/tn] ;dembf/Lkq -Pdcf]o"_ d} ;+zf]wg ug{'kg]{ c8fg ;d]t /fv]sf] 5. ef/tn] g]kfnn] tof/ kf/]sf] u'?of]hgf …l/Eo'Ú ul//x]sf] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5. Ps]8]dLsf nflu ef/tn] g]kfnnfO{ cf7 ca{ &( s/f]8 !# nfv *) xhf/ ?k}ofF ;xof]u ug]{ ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ eO;s]sf] 5. @%=$% x]S6/ hUuf clwu|x0f ul/;s]sf] 5. @)%@÷)%# ;fnaf6 sl/a * ;o *) /f]kgL hUuf vl/b, clwu|x0f nufot sfo{ ;'? ul/Psf] lyof]. ef/tn] g]kfn k|x/Lsf nflu cTofw'lgs k|x/L k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg agfpg] k|:tfj @)%@ ;fnd} u/]sf] lyof]. ef/tLo kIfn] tflnd s]G›sf] …ˆofsN6L df:6/Ú ef/tLo ;' / IffsdL{ /fVg' k g] { nufotsf ljleGg ;t{ /fv]kl5 ;Demf}tf x'g} nfdf] ;do nfu]sf] lyof]. k|lti7fgsf] u'?of]hgf cg';f/ klxnf] r/0fdf ljB'tLs/0f, bf];|f] r/0fdf v]ns'b kl/;/, kmfol/ª /]Gh, ;efxn / Jofkfl/s ejg lgdf{0f tyf t];|f] r/0fdf l:jldª k'n, kfls{ª If]q / kvf{n agfpg' kg]{5. ;/sf/sf] rf;f] / s[oflzntfdf cGof]ntf x6fpFb} tTsfn k|x/L k|lti7fgsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? ug{' h?/L 5.

sfe|] h]l;hsf] xfO{lsª agk]f÷sfe]| hl];h, sfe]| dlxnf hl];h, agk]f hl'go/ hl];hsf] ;o+Q'm cfofh ] gfdf agk]f xb'F} 6grfs ] ;Dd xfOl{sË u/s ] f] 5 . æ:jf:Yosf] nfuL xfOl{sËÆ eGg] gf/fsf ;fy pQm sfoq{mdsf] cfofh ] gf ul/Psf] sfe]| hl];hsf cWoIf l/s;] >i]7n] atfpg' eof]

. sf/]fgfsf] sf/0f dflg;df a9s ] f] qf;nfO{ sl]x xb;Dd sd u/fpgsf nflu pQm xfOl{sËsf] cfofh ] gf ul/Psf] >i]7n] atfpg' eof] . xfOl{sËdf kj"{ ;~rf/ /fHodGqL sGrgrGb| afb,] sfe]| dlxnf hl];hsf cWoIf eujtL >i]7, agk]f hl'go/ hl];hsf cWoIf /l;s zfSo nufot #* hgfsf] ;xeflutf /xs ] f] lyof] .

jif{ @^ c+s $@ @)&& ;fpg @( ut] ljxLjf/

sfo{stf{sf] efjgf cg';f/ b]z lgdf{0f gLltx?sf] d" n gLlt g} /fhgLlt xf] . o;}n] /fhgLltsf] k2lt k|efjsf/L x'g'k5{ . /fhgLlt k|efjsf/L gx'g] xf] eg] hgtfdf lg/fz cfpF5 / /fhgLlt k|0ffnL k|lt g} ljt[i0ff cfpF5 . o;}n] o;nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg'k5{ . k|efjsf/L eg]sf] kf}8L v]n]/ ;d'b| tg{' xf]Og, k2ltnfO{ 9+u;Ddt rnfpg' xf] . cfhsf] k|Zg g]skfsf] g]skfkg s] xf] t < g]skfn] g]skf aGg] k|of; ug{'k5{ . sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] lgod kfng u/]g eg] of] g]skf gag ;S5 . ;DklQsf] nf]e ug]{x? sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] ;b:o aGg ;Sb}gg\ . cfly{s ljsf;sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] zq' sfnf] wg xf] . o;nfO{ ;]tf] agfP/ ;Da[l4 agfpF5' eGg' d'v{tf xf] . ufpFdf 3/ 6f9f 6f9f x'G5g\ t/ dg glhs x'G5 . zx/df 3/ glhs glhs x'G5 t/ dg 6f9f x'G5 . sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ dg glhsx? ldn]/ agfPsf] kf6L{ xf] . cfh xfd|f] ;d:of

b]vfO{;Sbf klg g]skfnfO{ ;a}eGbf cu|ufdL / k|ultzLn kf6L{ eGg]x?sf] ;+Vof 7"nf] 5 . of] hf]ufO{/fVg' cfd Odfgbf/ sfo{stf{sf] bfloTj ePsf] 5 . xfd|f] b]zsf] 7"nf] ;d:of eg]sf] kf]lnl6sndf kf]n';g xf] . ljs[lt /fhgLlt df}nfPsf sf/0f l7snfO{ l7s a]l7snfO{ a]l7s eGg ;Sg] sfo{stf{ / ;lx g]t[Tj r'Gg g;Sg] hgtfsf] afx'Notf 5 . g]t[Tjdf j}/fUo x'g'x'Fb}g . xnf] agfpFbf 9+u k'u]g eg] d'+'u|f] aG5 To;}u/L ljrf/ / ljj]s ;lrof] eg] d'+u|f]nfO{ s'6f] agfpg klg ;lsG5 . 6'Kkf]df k'u]/ km'Nbf xf];\ of hudf a]/ yfDbf b'j}sf] plQs} e"ldsf x'G5. o;}n] h/f] bl/nf] eP dfq ?vn] kmn klg /fd|} lbG5 . o;}n] g]tf / sfo{stf{ aLr gª / df;'sf] ;DaGw x'g'k5{ . kf6L{df nf]stflGqs k2ltsf] :yfkgf eof] eg] dfq sfo{stf{sf] eljio

cfh kf6L{sf lgsfo csd{0o ePsf 5g\ g]tfx? kbsf] df]ntf]ndf nfu]sf 5g\ . h'g;'s} kf6L{ xf];\ jf Joj:yfdf lgod;+ut 9+uaf6 rNg'k5{ . c/fhstf x'g'x'Fb}g . c/fhstfsf] nx/f] ;a} JolQm / ;+:yfdf km}lnP nf]stGq s;/L :yfoL x'g ;S5 < g]tf v'zL geP l6s6 gkfpg] h;/L g} hgtf v'zL gkf/] ef]6 gkfpg] ubf{ ljrf/df ljsf{] nfu]sf] 5, ljj]s x/fPsf] 5 . ljZjdf g} ck/r'lgi6 kf]lnl;Pg / ck/r'lgi6 kf]lnl6l;ogn] ubf{ ;dfh lau|]sf] 5 . d'n'ssf] /fhgLlts cu'jfO{ ug{] kf6L{x?d} ?kfGt/0f x'g ;s]gg\ eg] Jojxf/ kl/jt{g eP/ dfq cfd hgtfsf] hLjgdf ?kfGt/0f cfpFb}g . j}wflgstf x/fPsf] ljlw / gLlt x/fPsf] g}ltstfn] sfd ub}{g o;n] g]tfx?df ljrf/sf] ljrng x'g' ePg . ;Fu} a:bf efjgfx? 7f]lsG5g\ klg ha efjgfx?sf] sb/ x'G5 cfTdLotf klg a9\b} hfG5 . g]t[Tjn] cfkm\gf] cleJolQm, sd{k|lt, ljrf/k|lt, pbf+uf] kf/]/ c;nL lgot

/xG5 gq Tof] kf6L{ ;+;bLo g]t[Tjdf k'Ug] a]nfdf kf6L{ g} g/xg] cj:yfdf k'Ug ;S5 . nf]stGqsf] O:k]; /Xof] eg] nf]stGq :yflkt x'G5 . nf]stGqsf] ljlwdf a:g'k5{ . zlQmsf] s]Gb| kf6L{sf] ljlw x'g'k5{ . ;Qfdf k'u]kl5 snx, :jfy{df 8'a]kl5 g]skfsf] k'/fgf] cfsif{0f 36\g yfn]sf] 5 . g]t[Tjn] o;nfO{ a]n}df ljrf/ k'¥ofpg' kg{]5 . eGg}k5{ ck|fs[lts ;Demf}tfn] /fhg}lts :yfoLTj cfpFb}g . cfh kf6L{sf lgsfo csd{0o ePsf 5g\ g]tfx? kbsf] df]ntf]ndf nfu]sf 5g\ . h'g;'s} kf6L{ xf];\ jf Joj:yfdf lgod;+ut 9+uaf6 rNg'k5{ . c/fhstf x'g'x'Fb}g . c/fhstfsf] nx/f] ;a} JolQm / ;+:yfdf km}lnP nf]stGq s;/L

km}n“bf]===========

sfe| ] k nf~rf] s lhNnfsf ljleGg kflnsfx?df ;~rflnt Sjf/]lG6gx?df ef/t tyf t]>f] d'n'saf6 cfPsf g]kfnL gful/sx?nfO{ hg:jf:y dfkb08 adf]lhd !$ lbg;Dd /fvL lkl;cf/ kl/If0fsf] glhtf cfP kZrft dfq cfk\mgf] 3/ hfg] cg'dlt lbOg] ul/Psf]df Sjf/]lG6gdf a:bf ;xh ?kdf ;do Joltt ug{ cfjZos Go"gtd ;'ljwfx? OG6/g]6÷6]lnlehgsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg ;a} kflnsfx?nfO{ cg'/f]w ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . kfFrvfn gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ ! sf] cg]sf]6 If]qdf lzn ul/Psf] 5 . uun] 3/ ePsL %) alif{of dlxnfsf] sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0fsf sf/0f lgwg eP;Fu} pQm If]qdf lzn ul/Psf] xf] .

k'?if $@ hgfdf sf]/f]gf b]lvPsf] 5 . h;dWo] h]i7 gful/s @, afns ! /x]sf 5g\ . lhNnfdf Sjf/]G6fO{gsf] a]8 ;+Vof * ;o %! /x]sf] 5 . Sjf/]G6fO{gdf ! ;o !& hgf /x]sf 5g\ . ! xhf/ *$ hgf Sjf/]G6fO{gdf a;]/ kmls{;s]sf 5g\ . @)&& h]7 @# kl5 a}b]lzs /f]huf/af6 $ ;o !^ hgf kmls{Psf 5g\ . ;+qmldt If]q lzn sf]le8–!( /f]syfd tyf lgoGq0fsf nflu lhNnf l:yt ;+s6 Aoj:yfkg s]Gb| sfe|]n] sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0f b]lvPsf AolQmx? /x]sf] If]q lzn ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . ;+3Lo k|x/L OsfO{ sfof{no hgfufndf sf]/f]gf b]lvP kl5 lzn ul/Psf] xf] . ;+3Lo k|x/L OsfO{df sfo{/t k|x/L sd{rf/Lx? x/]s lbg 3/ cfpg] hfg] ePsfn] ;d'bfo :t/df sf]/f]gf km}ng ;Sg] ePsfn] lzn ul/Psf] atfO{Psf] 5 . sfof{no leq ;a} k|x/L sd{rf/Lx?sf nflu Sjf/]G6fO{gsf] Aoj:yfkg ul/Psf] P;P;kL pd]z/fh hf]zLn] atfpg' eof] . ;+qmd0f b]lvP;Fu} 3/ cfpg /f]s nufO{Psf] hf]zLn] atfpg' eof] . xfn;Dd k|x/L sfof{nodf sfo{/t $$ k|x/Lx?sf] :jfa ;+sng ul/ kl/If0f u/] klg @! hgfsf] dfq} l/kf]6{ k|fKt ePsf] 5 . To:t} ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ & l:yt uf]bfdrf]sdf sk8f k;n u/L a:g] ;nf{lx lhNNnf 3/ ePsf kl/jf/sf !@ alif{o ;Gtfgdf sf]/f]gf k'li6 eP ;Fu} a8f cWoIf j0f{ zfSon] pQm If]qsf] uf]bfdrf]s b]lv wg]Zj/ k'n;Dd l;n ug{] lg0f{o ug{' ePsf] 5 . lhNnf l:yt ;+s6 Aoj:yfkg s]Gb|n]

;"rgf kqsf/ cfrf/;l+xtf, @)&# -klxnf] ;z + fw]g @)&^_ sf] kfngf u/f+} 36gf;u F c;DalGwt JolQm÷;:+yfsf] gfd pNnv ] gu/f+} .

8 kqsf/ tyf ;~rf/dfWodn] s'g} 36gf;uF ;DalGwt ;dfrf/ k|sfzg–k|;f/0f ubf{ 36gf;uF c;DalGwt gft]bf/ jf glhssf JolQmsf] gfd hf]8L dof{bfdf cfr F k'Ug] jf rl/qxTof x'g]u/L s'g} klg ;fdu|L k|:t't ug{'x'bF}g .

8 of}g ck/fw, ;fdflhs lje]b tyf 3[0ffsf sf/0f pTkGg 36gf jf ;Gbe{df k|efljtsf] ;r]t :jLs[lt / k|efjsf] d'Nof+sg ljgf gfd, 7]ufgf / klxrfg v'Ng]u/L ;dfrf/, tl:j/ / b[Zo pTkfbg, ljt/0f jf k|sfzg÷k|;f/0f ug{' x'bF}g .

g]kfn ;/sf/

;+rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqfno ;"rgf tyf k|;f/0f ljefu

;]jf s6f}tL

a}7sn] ljZjJofkL ?kdf km}ln/x]sf] sf]le8 !( sf] ;+qmd0f g]kfndf klg ltj| ?kdf al9/x]sf ;Gbe{df lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf ;d]t ;]jfu|fxLx?sf] le8ef8 lbgfg'lbg a9\b} uO/x]sf] x'bFf ;+qmd0fsf] hf]lvd a9\g ;Sg] b]lvPsf]n] ;f]af6 aRgsf nflu lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, sfe|]knf~rf]s, dfnkf]t sfof{no, sfe| ] k nf~rf] s / gfkL sfof{ n o sfe|]knf~rf]saf6 b}lgs ?kdf k|jfx x'g] ;]jfk|jfxnfO{ @)&& ;fn >fj0f @& ut] d+unaf/af6 csf]{ Joj:yf geP;Ddsf nflu w'lnv]n, kfFrvfn / kgf}tL gu/kflnsfsf gful/sx?sf nflu cfO{taf/, d+unaf/ / ljlxaf/ ;]jf lbg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 eg] ag]kf, d08gb]pk'/ / gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsfsf gful/sx?sf nflu ;f]daf/, a'waf/ / z'qmaf/ ;]jf lbg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . ufpkFflnsfsf gful/sx?sf nflu ^ lbg g} ;]jf lbg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .

cfO{;f]n];g jf8{ a9fpg] tof/L

a}7sn] lhNnf l:yt ;a} gu/kflnsfx?df Go"gtd !) bz j]8sf] cfO;f]n]zg efb| ! ut] leq clgjfo{ ?kdf lgdf{0f ul/;Sg cg'/f]w u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf l:yt w'lnv]ndf /x]sf] sf]le8 n]en # sf] w'lnv]n c:ktfnn] %) j]8sf] cfO;f]n]zg lgdf{0f ug]{ / ag]kf gu/kflnsf /x]sf] lz/ d]df]l/on c:ktfnn] @) j]8sf] cfO;f]n]zg lgdf{0f u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L pklnAw u/fpg lgb{]zg lbPsf] 5 . lhNnfdf ;+qmd0f b/ a9\b} uPsfn @% hgf eGbf a9L s'g} klg sfo{qmddf e]nf, hDdf tyf ;ef ;df/f]x ug{ glbg] u/]sf] lg0f{onfO{ yk s8fO{sf ;fy sfof{Gjog ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .

c:ktfn=========== :jf:Yo rf}sLsf] ;fdfGo r]shfFr kl5 pxfFnfO{ w'lnv]n c:ktfn l/km/ ul/of] . …bfO{ sf7df8f}+ a:g], lbbL legfh' eQmk'/df a:g] ePsfn] pxfFx?;Fu ;Nnfx u¥of}+Ú– sfG5f] 5f]/fn] eGg'eof]–…eQmk'/ g} cfpg' ot}sf] c:ktfndf b]vfpg] eg] kl5 k'gM kfFrvfnaf6 w'lnv]n;Dd, w'lnv]naf6 ;fFuf;Dd, ;fFufaf6 eQmk'/;Dd ;fj{hlgs oftfoft r9]/ lbbLsf] 3/df k'Uof}+ .Ú lbbLsf] 3/df @# ut] /flt af; a;]/ pkrf/sf nflu @$ ut] zlgaf/ eQmk'/ c:ktfn k'¥ofO{of] . eQmk'/ c:ktfnn] cfkm';Fu e]lG6n]6/ gePsf], sf]/f]gf;Fu ;DjlGwt kl/If0f ug{] d] l zg gePsfn] tTsfn s] P d;L c:ktfndf l/km/ u¥of] . k'gM ;fj{hlgs a; dfkm{t dlxnfnfO{ s]Pd;L c:ktfn k'¥ofO{of] . s]Pd;L c:ktfnsf] cfsl:ds sIfdf Ps 306f /fv] nuQ} c:ktfnn] cGoq n}hfg eGof] .

cfhsf] ljrf/ ;xb]j yfkf :yfoL x'g ;S5 < cfh ;fw' rf]/ rf]/ ;fw'df l5gd} ?kfGt/0f ul/lbg] 8fO/]S6 8]df]qm];L / dgf]ut ?kdf km};nf lbg] Gofofnosf] cEof;df xfdL lnKt 5f}+ . g}ltstf, Odfg, lgi7f, / Tofun] af6f] lj/fPsf] 5, ha g]tfx?df nf]stGqsf] / g}ltstfsf] v8]/L k5{ ta b]zdf Odfgbf/ kfqx? kfvf nfU5g\ / a]OdfgLx? b]vfk5{g\ . xg'dfg eQm / ehg d08nLx?n] kf6L{sf lgsfo / ;/sf/L lgsfodf sAhf hdfpF5g\ . zf;g ug{]x?n] rfs8L, r'SnL / rfKn';Lsf cfwf/df lg0f{o ug{] x'Fbf cfh xfd|f] b]zdf rfs/L vf]Hg], ldYof s'/fx? ?rfpg] c?sf] sfFw r9]/ lg0f{o ug{]x?sf] af]njfnf 5 . o;}n] ;lx lg0f{o x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . zlQm e|i6Ls/0f eof] eg] Tof] ;Tofgfz x'G5 . clxn] xfd|f] ;a} lgsfox?df zlQm e|i6Ls/0fn] af; a;]sf] 5 . k|0ffnL cfkm}+df v/fa x'Fb}g . k|0ffnL

;+rfng ug{] JolQm v/fa eof] eg] k|0ffnL g} km]n x'G5 . lg0f{o ubf{ ;]G6/df cfkm"nfO{ xf]Og b]z / hgtfnfO{ /fVg'k5{ . lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/L sDo'lgi6sf] lhDd]jf/L x'g'k5{ t/ cfh x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . xfd|f] b]zdf /fhgLlts ;fF:s[lts ljrng ePsf] 5, kbdf ePsfx?sf] k|j[lQdf ;'wf/sf] cfjZos 5 . g]kfnsf /fhg}lts kf6L{x?df gLlt k|wfgeGbf g]tf k|wfg, g]tfk|wfg eGbf u'6 k|wfg, u'6 k|wfg eGbf klg lu/f]x k|wfg ePsf 5g\ . of] kf6L{x?sf] ljrsf] sf]/f]gf xf] . ;fy} g]t[Tj k+lQmdf d7flw; k|jlQsf] xfjL 5 eg] cfd sfo{stf{df u0f]z k|j[lQsf] xfjL 5 . g]tfx?sf] glhs /xg] sfo{stf{x?sf] eljiodf wg w]/} hDdf kfnf{g\ t/ lt sfo{stf{x? 9f]s] eGbf a9L x'g] 5}gg\ . kf6L{df cfh b'O{y/L sfo{stf{x? 5g\ . Pp6f g]tfx?sf] hGdlbgdf s]s af]s]/ 9f]sf 9s9sfpg hfg] / csf{] kf6L{sf] ljrf/ ;/sf/sf /fd|f sfdnfO{ af]s]/ hgtfsf] 9f]sfdf hfg] . tkfO{ s'g af6f] /f]Hg] <

…tkfO{x?n] of] c:ktfndf vr{ x'g] k};f ltg{ ;Sg' x'Gg, e]lG6n]6/df /fv]/ pkrf/ ug{'kg{] /x]5, To;sf] klg cefj 5, sd k};f vr{ x'g] c:ktfndf kf6gdf n}hfg' elgof]Ú– d[To' ePsL dlxnfsf] h]7f] 5f]/fn] eGg'eof] – …tTsfn kf6g c:ktfn k'¥ofof}+ . kf6g c:ktfndf kfr F 306f /flvof] t/ e]lG6n]6/df /fVg c;Dej ePsfn] csf{] c:ktfn vf]Hg elgof] . xfdL cfkm}n] ls:6 c:ktfndf kmf]g u/]/ lj/fdL egf{ ug{] cg'dlt lnP/ nUof}+ .Ú ls:6 c:ktfn k'¥ofpbFf zlgaf/ l9nf eO{;s]sf] lyof] . …c:ktfnn] lj/fdL arfpg sl7g 5 t/ klg xfdL k|of; u5f{} eGof]Ú–dlxnfsf] elthn] eGg'eof]–…/ftsf] ( ah] clG6;uF xfdL kl/jf/sf ;a} ;b:on] kmf]gdf s'/fsfgL u¥of}+ pxfn F ] dnfO{ l;of]n] 3f]r]/ dfg{ nfu], vfg klg lbPsf 5}gg\ 3/d} n}hfcf] eGg' ePsf] lyof] . /ut kl/If0fsf nflu pxfn F ] cfgfsfgL u/] kl5 8fS6/n] kl/jf/;uF ;Nnfx u/]sf lyP . ljifd kl/l:yltdf Zjf; 5p~h]n cfz x'G5 pkrf/ u/f} xfdL h] ef]Ug klg tof/ 5f}+ eGg] cg'dlt lbP kl5 pxfxF?n] pkrf/ z'? ug{' eof] .Ú zlgaf/ /flt g} pxfn F fO{ hl08; b]lvPsf], sn]hf], 5flt, kmf]S;f] ljlu|Psfn] pkrf/ c;Dej ePsf] atfO{Psf] lyof] . t/ klg pkrf/ x'bF} lyof] ljxfg ( ah] d[To' ePsf] c:ktfnn] 3f]if0ff u¥of] . kl/jf/sf ;a} ;b:o :tAw eP . nuQ} j8f sfof{no

kfr F vfn gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ ! n] d[To' kl5sf] cGTo]i6Lsf nflu kq agfO{ lbof] . Tolx lnP/ sf7df8f} k'u]sf] s]lx 306fd} pxfdFf sf]/f]gf kf]h]l6e b]lvP kl5 ;Ggf6f 5fof] . …3/df eGbf pxfn F fO{ c:ktfn 8'nfpbFf 8'nfpbF} sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0f eof] ls eGg] xfd|f] cfz+sf xf]Ú– h]7f] 5f]/fn] eGg'eof]–…;dod} sf]/f]gfsf] pkrf/ u/fpg ;lsPsf] eP pxfdFf ePsf c? /f]ux? lgsf] x'g ;Sy] ls eGg] s'/f dgdf v6\ls/x\of] .Ú ;fFem g]kfnL ;]gfn] tkfO{x?sf] k/Dk/f cg';f/ bfx;+:sf/ ug{ kfpg' x'Gg s]lx eP xfdLnfO{ eGg'; eg] ;Fu} kl/jf/sf ;b:ox? kz'klt k'Ug' eof] . cGTo]i6Lsf nflu cfjZos ;fdfu|L kl/jf/sf tkm{af6 pknAw u/fpg' eof] . …zjsf] cg'xf/ x]/]/ d[To'sf] k| d f0fkq af] s ] / 3/ kmls{ o f} + Ú –5f] / fn] eGg'eof]–…:yfgLo ;+:sf/ cg';f/ xfdL b'O{ bfh'efO{ cfdfsf] lsl/of al;/x]sf 5f}+ . j8f cWoIfx? ;lxtsf hgk|ltlglwn] cfjZos ;xof]u ug{' ePsf] 5 .Ú gu/kflnsf pQm If]qdf s8fO{ u/]sf] 5 eg] ;Dks{ AolQmsf] :jfa ;+sng z'? u/]sf] 5 . pxfFdf sxfFaf6 sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0f eof] < vf]hLsf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . lhNnfdf !@ aifL{o afns b]lv (@ aif{sf a[4;Dd sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0f b]lvPsf] 5 . %# hgfdf sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0f b]lvPsf]df Ps dlxnfsf] lgwg ePsf] 5 . sf]/f]gfnfO{ b]vfpFb} c:ktfnx?n] ulDe/ k|s[ltsf lj/fdLx?sf] pkrf/df cfgfsfgL ub{} cfPsf 5g\ .

tLg gu/sf]================= s?0ffdfO{ b]lv ;/:jtL bf]efg x'Fb} ag]kf k'nahf/ k'n;Dd ;8s :t/f]GgtL sfo{ x'g]5 . h;sf nflu :6d]6 ul/Psf] $ s/f]8 *@ nfv ?k}ofF dWo] @ s/f]8 * nfv ?k}ofFdf ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . bf]>f] v08 k'nahf/ ag]kf b]lv v8\k'k'n;Dd ;8s :t/f]GgtL x'g]5 . h;sf nflu $ s/f]8 *@ nfv ?k}of O:6d]6 ul/Psf]df @ s/f]8 ! nfv ?k}ofFdf ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 .

To:t} t]>f] v08 v8\k' k'nb]lv kgf}tL lqj]0fL3f6;Dd k'Ug] ;8s :t/f]GgtL sfo{sf nflu $ s/f]8 *@ nfv O:6d]6 ul/Psf]df @ s/f]8 !* nfv ?k}ofFdf ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . tLgj6f v08sf] cnu cnu af]nkq cfAxfg ul/Psf] eP klg Pp6} sDkgL;Fu ;Demf}tf ePsf] cfof]hgfsf k|d'v drfsfhL dxh{gn] hfgsf/L lbg' eof] . sl/8f]/ lgdf{0f sfo{sf]

lzNofGof; sfo{qmddf k"j{ dGqL af:sf]6fn] lhNnfsf] ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] ult cl3 al9/x]sfn] s]lx jif{d} 7'nf 7'nf cfof]hgfx? ;DkGg x'g] atfpg' eof] . dbg e08f/L ljZjljBfno, k|lt/Iff ljZjljBfno, ;'/If0f d'b|0f k|];, Po/kf]6{, vfg]kfgL nufotsf ljsf; cfof]hgfn] lhNnfsf] ;d[l4sf] ofqf z'? ePsf] pxfFn] atfpg' eof] . sfo{qmddf k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o u+ufaxfb'/ bf]Ë, zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefusf ;lrj dw';'bg clwsf/L nufotn] dGtAo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf k|d'v czf]s Aof~h'n] tTsflng g]skf Pdfn]n] lhNnf clwa]zgaf6 !* a'Fb] ljsf; cfof]hgfx? k|:tfj u/]sf] atfpFb} tLg gu/sf] ;fem]bf/L ljsf; cfof]hgf vfg]kfgL kl5 sl/8f]/ bf]>f] ePsf] atfpg' eof] . sl/8f]/ lgdf{0fn] gofF zx/L If]q lgdf{0f x'g] atfpFb} gu/ k|d'v Aof~h'n] ;fem]bf/L lgdf{0fn] tLg gu/sf] lgdf{0f z'? ePsf] atfpg' eof] . :df6{ l;6L, kmf]xf]/d}nf Aoj:yfkg, Aojl:yt zx/ lgdf{0f nufotsf sfo{ z'? ePsf] gu/ k|d'v Aof~h'n] atfpg' eof] . sfo{qmddf ag]kf gu/kflnsf k|d'v nIdL g/l;+ afb]n] x/]s jif{ ag]kf 8'Ag] k'0odftf If]qsf] ljsf;n] ag]kf gu/ ;'Gb/ x'g] atfpg' eof] . sl/8f]/ lgdf{0fn] tLg gu/sf] ljsf;df gofF cfofd ylkg] gu/ k|d'v nIdLg/l;+ afb]n] atfpg' eof] . kgf}tL gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v led Gof}kfg]n] sl/8f]/ ljsf; lhNnfsf] ;d[l4sf] k|d'v cfof]hgf ePsf] atfpg' eof] . ag]kf gu/kflnsf k|d'v k|zf;lso clws[t slj/fh pk|]tLsf] ;+rfngdf ;DkGg ePsf] sfo{qmddf k|b]z ;ef ;b:o a;'Gw/f x'dfufO{, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt sfe|]sf k|d'v p4j s];L, ag]kf gu/kflnsf pkk|d'v /]vf ;fksf]6f bfxfn, kgf}tL gu/kflnsf pkk|d'v lutf a~hf/f, zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefusf dxflgb{]zs, pkdxflgb{]zsx?, lhNnfsf ljleGg If]qsf AolQmx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

# Sjf/]G6fO{gdf cfTdxTof

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

;]gfnfO{ kgf}tLn] pknAw u/fof] ljkb\ p4f/sf ;fdfu|L

kgft}L÷gk]fnL ;g]fsf] lji0f' bn u0fnfO{ kgft}L gu/kflnsfn] ljkb p4f/sf ;fdfuL| pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . o; cl3 wl'nvn ] gu/kflnsfn] u0fnfO{ ljkb\ p4f/sf ;fdfuL| pknAw u/fPsf] lyof] . ljkba\f6 xg'] Iflt Gol"gs/0f ug,{ tTsfn p4f/ ug]{ sfod{f ;xofu] k¥'ofpg] pbZ]on] :yfgLo ;/sf/n] lji0f' bn u0f wl'nvn ] nfO{ pQm ;fdfuL| pknAw u/fPsf xg'\ . ljlxaf/ w'lnv]n l:yt lhNnf ljkb Aoj:yfkg ;ldlt dfkm{t lji0f' bn u0f w'lnv]nnfO{ ljkb\sf !! y/L ;fdfu|L gu/ k|d'v led Gof}kfg]n] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L >j0fs'df/ ltdlN;gf dfkm{t lji0f' bn u0f w'lnv]nsf u0fklt s0f{]n ;'af; v8\sfnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug{' ePsf] lyof] . gu/kflnsfn] /]:So' /f]k @ ;o %) ld6/, Sof/fljg/ :qm' !) j6f, x]md]6 @# j6f, r:df !) j6f, k~hf #) j6f, nfO{km Hofs]6 ^ j6f, p8 s6/ ! j6f, 6\o'j # j6f, km:6 P8 Aofu $ j6f, x]8 NofDk @) j6f / 6r{ nfO{6 @) j6f lji0f' bn u0fsf] kgf}tL ;'/Iff a]zsf nflu ljkb k"j{ tof/Lsf nflu ;fdfu|L pknAw u/fPsf] xf] . pknAw u/fPsf ;fdfu|Lsf] d'No em08} % nfv ?k}of /x]sf]

jif{ @^ c+s $@ @)&& ;fpg @( ut] ljxLjf/

‘Go"gtd dfkb08 k'u]g’

5 . ;fdfu|L a'em];uF} k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L >j0fs'df/ ltdlN;gfn] ljkb k'j{ tof/Lsf nflu pknAw u/fPsf ;fdfu|Lx?n] gful/sx?sf] ;'/Iffdf ;xof]u k'Ug] atfpg' eof] . :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] ;dGjon] gful/sx?sf] ;'/Iffdf ;xhtf k|bfg u/]sf] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ltdlN;gfn] atfpg' eof] . gu/ k|d'v led Gof}kfg]n] ljkb k'j{ tof/Lsf ;fdfu|L g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ pknAw u/fpbFf ljkbsf] ;dodf gful/sx?sf] ;'/Iffdf k|efjsf/L ;]jf pknAw x'g] atfpg' eof] . lji0f' bn u0f w'lnv]nsf u0fklt s0f{]n ;'jf; v8\sfn] ljkb k'j{ tof/Lsf ;fdfu|Ln] gful/sx?sf] ;'/Iff tyf ljkbdf g]kfnL ;]gf vl6bFf yk ;xhtf pknAw ePsf] atfpg' eof] . ;dfu|L x:tfGt/0f sfo{qmddf kgf}tL gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v k|zf;lso clws[t xl/ rfkfufO{, ;xfos k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L nIdL b]jL xf]dfufO{ vltj8f, lji0f' bn u0f w'lnv]nsf u0fklt ;'af; v8\sf, lhNnf k|x/L k|d'v P;kL /ljs'df/ kf}8]n, zz:q k|x/L k|d'v P;kL dx]z s];L, /fli6«o cg';Gwfgsf k|d'v l8P:kL ;/f]h lg/f}nf nufotsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

a]yfGrf]s÷a]yfGrf]s ufpFkflnsfdf /x]sf] Sjf/]G6fO{gdf cfTdxTof ug{'sf] k|d'v sf/0f Go'gtd dfkb08 gk'u]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . …cfTdxTofsf cGo sf/0fx? klg x'g ;S5g\ t/ k|d'v sf/0f Aoj:yfklso sdhf]/L b]lvof]Ú–k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L Pj+ ;+s6 Aoj:yfkg s]Gb| sfe|]sf k|d'v >j0fs'df/ ltdlN;gfn] eGg'eof]–…Go"gtd dfkb08 k"/f u/L ;'/Iff Aoj:yf ;lxt Sjf/]G6fO{gsf] Aoj:yfkg ug{ cg'/f]w ub{5' .Ú d+unaf/ lhNnfsf] 6f]nL Sjf/]G6fO{gsf] lg/LIf0f ug{ a]yfGrf]s ufpFkflnsf k'u]sf] lyof] . 6f]nLn] 36gf:yn, Sjf/]G6fO{gsf] dfkb08 / ePsf] Aoj:yf, To;kl5sf] pTkGg kl/l:ylt tyf kLl8t kl/jf/, ufpFkflnsfsf hgk|ltlglwx?, ;j{;fwf/0fx?nfO{ e]6 u/]sf] lyof] . :yfgLo tyf kLl8t kl/jf/sf tkm{af6 k'mkfh' /fhb]j tfdfªn] k|ljlwsf] ;dodf ;fdfGo eGbf ;fdfGo cj:yfaf6 al~rt u/fPsf], lhDd]jf/Ldf ePsf AolQmx?n] j]jf:tf u/]sf], Go"gtd cfjZostfx? pknAw x'g g;s]sfn] dfgl;s tgfj eO{ cfTdxTof ug{ k'u]sf] atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . ufpFkflnsf cWoIf k|]daxfb'/ ltdlN;gfn] 36gfsf af/]df lgZkIf 5fgljg u/L ;+nUg bf]ifL eP

sf/jfxLsf nflu lhNnfsf] 6f]nL ;dIf cg'/f]w ug{' eof] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf k|d'v påj s];L, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v czf]s Aof~h', P;kL /lj kf}8\ofn gljgsf] dfu u/] kl5 ufpFkflnsfn] cfO{taf/ @% ut] lgnDjg ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . d[tssf] zj ;f]daf/ :joDe'df cGTo]li6 ul/Psf] 5 . ;lxtsf] ;'/Iffsf] 6f]nL, :jf:Yo sfof{no sfe|]sf k|d'v 8f= g/]Gb|s'df/ emf, w'lnv]n c:ktfnsf 8f= ;'dg tfd|fsf/ nufotsf] 6f]nL ;xefuL lyof] . 6f]nLn] k|x/LnfO{ ck/fw ;DjGwL 36gfsf] lgZkIf 5fgljg u/L bf]lifnfO{ sf/jfxLsf nflu cg'/f]w u/]sf] 5 eg] Sjf/]G6fO{gsf] Aoj:yfkgdf yk ;'/Iff ;+j]bglzntf ;lxt Aoj:yfklso kIf ;'wf/ ug{ cg'/f]w u/]sf] 5 . rnfn u0f]:yfg 3/ ePsL @! aifL{o o'jtLn] z'qmaf/ lbp;f] cfTdxTof u/]sL lyO{g\ . kLl8tx?n] :jf:Yo zfvfdf sfo{/t :jf:Yo zfvf k|d'v k|df]b elgg] l;tf/fd ltdlN;gf / :jf:Yo rf}sL k|d'v b'uf{ kf]v/]nnfO{ lgnDag u/L 5fgljgsf] dfu u/] kl5 ufpFkflnsfn] cfO{taf/ @% ut] lgnDjg ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . d[tssf] zj ;f]daf/ :joDe'df cGTo]li6 ul/Psf] 5 .

lzIfs ;+3n] ljt/0f u¥of] dfS; / ;]lg6fOh/ es'08]j]zL÷g]kfn lzIfs ;+3 gdf]a'4 gu/ sfo{;ldltn] gu/ leqsf ;fd'bflos / gLlh ljBfnodf cWoog/t ljBfyL{x?sf nflu dfS; / ;]lg6fOh/ ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 . ljBfno ;~rfng eP kl5 hf]lvd cem} a9\g ;Sg] eGb} ;ts{tfsf] nflu !! xhf/ lk; dfS; / cfwf ln6/ Ifdtfsf] ! ;o !) af]Qn ;]lg6fOh/ ljt/0f u/]sf] cWoIf lbg]zk|;fb clwsf/Ln] hfgsf/L lbP . lzIfs ;+3 gdf]a'4nfO{ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf lhNnf ;b:o ;Gtdfg nfdfn] ^ xhf/ lk; dfS; / () af]Qn ;]lg6fOh/, lhNnf ;b:o

egf{ v'Nof] !

lbg]z e't]{nn] % xhf/ lk; dfS; / g]kfn t?0f bn gdf]a'4sf cWoIf dl0fs nfdfn] @) af]tn ;]lg6fOh/ ;xof]u u/]sf lyP . g]kfnL sf+u|]; gdf]a'4 gu/ ;efklt s'G;fª nfdf, g]kfn lzIfs ;+3 lhNnf sfo{;ldltsf cWoIf /fh]z/fh dxt, k"j{ ;ef;b xif{lht nfdfnufot sf+u|]; g]tfx?n] ljBfnosf k|ltlgwLnfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]sf lyP . u|fld0f kf7zfnfsf ljb'/ zdf{ e08f/Ln] gLlh ljBfnonfO{ ;d]t ;lDemP/ ;xof]u u/]sf]df cfef/ k|s6 u/] . ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofks / lzIfsx?n] ;+3sf] tTk/tfsf] k|z+;f u/]sf 5g\ .

afx|f}+ aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef tyf :yfkgf lbj; ;DaGwL ;"rgf pk/f]Qm ;DaGwdf ldlt @)&& >fj0f )( ut] a;]sf] ;+~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7ssf]] lg0f{o g+= $ cg';f/ o; ;+:yfsf] afx|f} aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef tyf :yfkgf lbj; lgDg ldlt, :yfg / ;dodf x'g] ePsf]n] ljBdfg sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0fsf] hf]lvdnfO{ ;d]t Wofgdf /flv clgjfo{ ?kdf df:ssf] k|of]u ul/ cGo cfjZos ;'/Iff dfkb08 ckgfO{ pkl:yltsf] nflu ;Dk"0f{ ;b:oHo"x?nfO{ xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f} .

5nkmn x'g] a'“bfx? M— s_ cf=j= @)&^÷&& sf] ;lrjsf] k|ult k|ltj]bg ;DaGwdf . v_ cf=j= @)&^÷&& sf] sf]ifWoIfsf] cfly{s k|ltj]bg ;DaGwdf . u_ cf=j= @)&^÷&& sf] n]vf ;'kl/j]If0f ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg cg'df]bg ug]{ ;DaGwdf .

3_ cf=j= @@)&^÷&& sf] n]vf kl/Ifssf] lgo'lQm / kfl/>lds ;DaGwdf . ª_ cf=j= @)&&÷&* sf] jflif{s ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd ;DaGwdf . r_ cf=j= @)&&÷&* sf] nflu n]vf kl/Ifssf] lgo'lQm / kfl/>lds to ug]{ ;DaGwdf .

5_ ljlgod ;+zf]wg ug]{ ;DaGwdf . h_ gLlt, lgodfjnL, sfo{ljwL ;+;f]wg tyf kfl/t ul/ cg'df]bg ug]{ ;DaGwdf . em_ ;+:yf Plss/0f ;DaGwdf . `_ nfefz+ kfl/t tyf ljt/0f ;DaGwdf .

6_ lg0f{o k':tLsfdf x:tfIf/ ug{ k|ltlglw rog ;DaGwdf .

7_ ljljw .

sfo{qmdM— ldlt M— @)&&÷)%÷@# ut] d+unjf/ :yfg M— ;+:yfsf] sfof{no, ag]kf, t/sf/L ahf/ ;do M— ljxfg !)M)) ah] kmf]g M— )!!—^^)*^), )!!—^(!!!( -;+:yf_ ;lrj -p4j k|;fb ltdlN;gf_ k'gZrM sf]le8 !( sf] sf/0f xfnsf] ljBdfg cj:yf ;xh g/x]sf] x'gfn] olb k|zf;g jf lgods lgsfo cflbaf6 s'g} To:tf] ljz]if ;'rgf tyf lgb]{lzsf hf/L ePdf ;+:yfsf] sfd sf/jfxL tyf ultljwL ;f]lx cg'?k x'g] hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 / cGo s'/fx? oyfjt /x]df gfd btf{ ljxfg !) ah] b]lv lbpF;f] @ ah] ;Dd x'g]5 . pkl:ytL hgfpg'x'g] ;b:ox?nfO{ ?=@))÷– kl/jxg eQfsf] Aoa:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

egf{ v'Nof] !!

egf{ v'Nof] !!!

o; pRr lzIffno tyf dfWolds ljBfno ;+3 g]kfn (HISSAN) sfe|] cGt{ut /x]sf tn pNn]lvt ;+:yfut ljBfnox?df @)&&.)&* sf nflu sIff !! sf] lgDg ljifox?df egf{ v'n]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}+ . sfe|] df=lj= ag]kf–^, a'8f]n

ljifo M Science, Management

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r]i6f ;fKtflxs

Pstf 6f]nsf] Pstfn] ;DkGg eof] sfnf]kq]

ag]kf÷ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ & l:yt uf]bfdrf]s glhs}sf] Pstf dfu{df Pstf 6f]n ;'wf/ ;ldltn] ag]kf gu/kflnsf, j8f sfof{no / :yfgLox?sf] ;xeflutfdf # ;o &@ ld6/ ;8s sfnf]kq] u/]sf] 5 eg] vfg]kfgLsf nflu cfjZos ;+/rgf tof/ u/]sf] 5 . o;cl3 9n ;lxtsf] ;+/rgf tof/ u/L klSs ;8ssf nflu k"jf{wf/ tof/ u/]sf] lyof] . sfnf]kq] ;8ssf] ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v nIdLg/l;+ afb], pkk|d'v /]vf ;fksf]6f bfxfn, j8f cWoIf j0f{ zfSon] pb\3f6g ug{' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf gu/ k|d'v nIdLg/l;+ afb]n] tLg txsf ;/sf/x? aLrsf] ;dGjon] :yfgLo ;/sf/n] 7'nf 7'nf cfof]hgf ;+rfng ul//x]sf] atfpg' eof] . ag]kf gu/kflnsf If]q leqsf ;8sx?sf] :t/f]GgtL, gofF 6«ofs lgdf{0f;Fu} cGo k"jf{wf/x?df gu/kflnsfn] :yfgLo ;d'bfo;Fu ;dGjo / ;fem]bf/L ul//x]sf] gu/ k|d'v afb]n] atfpg' eof] . Pstf ePdf Pstf dfu{sf] h:t} ljsf; ;Dej ePsfn] ;a} If] q sf gful/sx?sf] ljsf;df Pstf cfjZos ePsf] gu/ k|d'v afb]n] atfpg' eof] . Pstf dfu{df gu/kflnsfn] ljlgof]hg u/]sf] @# nfv dWo] pkef]Qmfn] @@ nfv #& xhf/ k|fKt u/]sf lyP . :yfgLox?n] & nfv &) xhf/ ?k}of ;+sng u/L #) nfv &) xhf/ ?k}ofsf] sfnf]kq] ;Dej ePsf] cWoIf nId0f sdf{rfo{n] atfpg' eof] . :yfgLox?sf] ;lqmotf hxfF w]/} /x\of] ToxfF ljsf;n] ult lnPsf] gu/ k|d'v afb]n] atfpg' eof] . sfo{qmddf pkk|d'v /]vf ;fksf]6f bfxfnn] gu/kflnsfn] ut cfly{s jif{df !) j6f ;8s sfnf]kq] ul/Psf]df Pstf dfu{sf] ;8s klxnf] gd'gf ag]sf] atfpg' eof]

. tLg jif{sf] aLrdf gu/kflnsfaf6 gful/sx?sf] ;]jfsf nflu ;8s, vfg]kfgL, ;'/Iff nufotsf cGo k"jf{wf/;Fu} Psn dlxnf, ckfËtf ePsf AolQm, cleefjs u'dfPsf afnaflnsfx?sf nflu klg gu/kflnsfn] ljleGg sf]if lgdf{0f u/L ;xof]u k'¥ofO{/x]sf] atfpg' eof] .dlxnf lx+;f lgjf/0f sf]if dfkm{t ;+s6df k/]sf dlxnfx?nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofO{/x]sf] gu/ pkk|d'v /]vf ;fksf] 6 f bfxfnn] atfpg' eof] . lszf]/lszf]/Lx?nfO{ tflnd, afnaflnsfx?sf nflu afn Snj u7g;Fu} ;fdfu|L ljt/0f ug{] ePsf] pxfFn] atfpg' eof] . sfo{qmddf j8f cWoIf j0f{ zfSon] sfo{sfn leq j8fsf ;a} If]qnfO{ sfnf]kq] agfpg] cleofg hf/L /flvPsf] atfpg' eof] . j8f gDj/ & leq tLg jif{df # lsnfld6/ ;8s sfnf]kq] ul/Psf] 5 eg] k'0odftf sl/8f]/df gofF 6«ofs vf]lnPsf] 5 . ;8s alQ, kmf]xf]/ Aoj:yfkg;Fu} ;'Gb/ zx/ lgdf{0fsf nflu j8f dfkm{t sfo{ eO{/x]sf] zfSon] atfpg' eof] . pkef]Qmf ;ldlt cWoIf nId0f sdf{rfo{n] Pstf 6f]n ;'wf/sf nflu :yfgLox?sf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf / ;dGjo /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . gu/kflnsfn] pknAw u/fPsf] ah]6sf] clwstd ;b'kof]u u/L gful/sx?nfO{ ljsf; k|lt pQ/bfloTj axg u/fO{Psf] pxfFn] atfpg' eof] . sfo{qmddf gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v k|zf;lso clws[t slj/fh pk|]tL, gu/kflnsfsf ljleGg zfvfsf k|d'vx?, :yfgLox?sf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf cg'udg ;ldltsf ;+ o f] h s dx] z sdf{ r fo{ n ] gu/kflnsfn] ljsf; lgdf{0fnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fv]/ cuf8L al9/x]sf]df wGojfb lbPsf lyP .

bj]L6f/df si[0f dlGb/ pb3\f6g b]jL6f/÷w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ ! /x]sf] gjlgld{t s[i0f dlGb/sf] s[i0f hGdfi6dLsf] lbg kf/L pb\3f6g ul/Psf] 5 . dlGb/sf] pb\3f6g w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf pk k|d'v ljdnf zdf{n] ug{' ePsf] lyof] . zdf{n] w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf leq /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;Dkbf, wd{, ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/f hf]ufpg ;a} nfUg' kg{] atfpg' eof] . ljleGg hfthftLsf cfkm\ g f–cfkm\ g f ;+:s[ltx?nfO{ ;a}n] hf]ufpg' kg{] zdf{n] jtfpg' eof] . sfo{qmddf s[i0f ci6dLsf lbg /fwf s[i0f d'lt{ :yfkgf u/L dlGb/sf] ;d]t pb\3f6g ul/Psf] lyof] . ljsf; eg]sf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/ dfq geO{ lzIff, :jf:Yo, ;Dkbf, s[lifdf ;d]t ljsf; x'g'kg{] zdf{n] atfpg' eof] . sfo{qmddf j8f cWoIf /d]z k|;fb 3f]/;fO{g]n] j8fdf ;a} hfthftLsf] ;+/If0f / ;F:s[lt hf]ufpgsf nfuL dlGb/sf] :yfkgf ul/Psf] atfpg' eof] . dlGb/ lgdf{0fsf nfuL tTsfnLg b]jL6f/ uflj;, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt / w'lnv]n

gu/kflnsfn] cfly{s ;xofu] u/]sf] 3f]/;fO{g]n] atfpg' eof] . dlGb/ lgdf{0fsf nfuL :yfgLo :t/af6 >dbfg u/L cfkm\gf] ;F:s[lt hf]ufpg :yfgLo g} nfu]sf] ;d]t j8f cWoIf 3f]/;fOg]n] atfpg' eof] .

3f]/;fO{g]n] /fwfs[i0fsf] d'lt{ :yfkgfsf nflu :yfgLo 1fgaxfb' / a'9fyf]sLn] ;xof]u ug{' ePsf] lyof] eg] sfo{qmddf g} dlGb/sf] ;+/If0fsf nfuL ? ! nfv ;+sng ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmd kZrft pQm dlGb/ ;+/If0fsf nflu j8f ;b:o l6sf k|;fb 3f]/;fO{g]sf] cWoIftfdf ( ;b:osf] ;dlt u7g u/]sf] 5 . h;df ;x–;+of]hs ;'bz{g ;fksf]6f, ;lrj ch{'g 3f]/;fO{g] nufot /x]sf 5g\ . sfo{qmddf w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ @ sf j8f cWoIf b]j k|;fb sf]O{/fnf, :yfgLo ;dfh;]jL nufPtsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmd dlGb/ lgdf{0f ;ldlt cWoIf afns[i0f 3f]/;fO{g]sf] cWoIftf /x]sf] lyof] .

kgf}tLsf] ;'Aafufp“df d'lQmgfy dlGb/ ;' A afufpF ÷ @)&$ ;fndf dlGb/ :yfkgf ug{] ;kgf af]s]/ z'? ePsf] kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ % ;'Aafufps F f] d'lQmgfy dlGb/ lgdf{0fsf] clGtd r/0fdf k'u]sf] 5 . …dlGb/sf] k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ;DkGg eP nuQ} k|f0fk|lti7f u/]/ a}lbs ljlw cg';f/ lgoldt k'hf z'? x'g]5Ú–dlGb/ lgdf{0f Aoj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf uf]kfnaxfb'/ yfkfn] eGg'eof] . …d':tfª lhNnfdf /x]sf] d'lQmgfy dlGb/ kl5sf] ljlw cg';f/ wfdsf] ?kdf :yfkgf ug{ nfluPsf] of] bf]>f] dlGb/ /x]5Ú–cWoIf yfkfn] eGg'eof]–…tLg tNn] of] dlGb/df k|f0f k|lti7f;uF} b'O{j6f kf6L, !)* wf/f, dlxnf k'?ifsf nflu cnu cnu r]lGhË ?d, afy?d, ax'pb]lZo ejg, dlGb/ k|j]z4f/, k|j]z4f/af6 dlGb/;Dd hfg] l;9FL, jl/k/L jfn ;lxtsf] sDkfp08 lgdf{0f x'g]5 .Ú dlGb/ leq k|j]z u/] nuQ} eQmhgx?sf] dgdf pTkGg x'g] cfgGbsf nflu wdfwd lgdf{0f sfo{ eO{/x]sf] 5 . @)&& leq ;DkGg u/L k|f0f k|lti7f;uF} ;+rfngdf Nofpg] tof/L ul/Psf] cWoIf yfkfn] atfpg' eof] . cfpbFf] jif{ x'g] kgf}tLsf] !@ jif{] ds/ d]nfdf b]ze/sf emQhgx?sf] ;xeflutf /xbFf d'lQmgfy dlGb/sf] bz{gsf nflu ;xh agfpg] u/L tof/L ul/Psf] 5 . bftfx?sf] ;xof]u, :yfgLo ;/sf/ kgf}tL gu/kflnsf, k|b]z ;/sf/sf] ;d]t ;xof]udf wdfwd lgdf{0f eO{/x]sf] dlGb/sf nflu /sd cefj 6fg{ bftfx?sf] ;lqmotf 5 . dlGb/ lgdf{0fsf nflu bftfx?n] ljleGg If]qaf6 ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;Sg] cWoIf yfkfn] atfpg' eof] .

a[xQ of]hgf

kgf}tL gu/kflnsfn] rfn' cfly{s jif{sf nflu @% nfv /sd ljlgof]hg u/]sf] 5 . pQm /sdaf6 dlGb/;Fu} ax'p2]lZoo ejg lgdf{0f ug{] cWoIf uf]kfnaxfb'/ yfkfn] atfpg' eof] . …dlGb/;Fu} lgdf{0f x'g] ax'pb]lZoo ejgdf ;fFemsf] ;dodf ehg lst{g ug{ ;lsg] 5 eg] b}lgs Ps 306f k|jrg ul/g] 5Ú–cWoIf yfkfn] eGg'eof]–…dlGb/df cfof]hgf x'g] ljjfx, j|tjGw tyf cGo wfld{s sfo{df ;xeflu x'g] AolQmx?sf] ;xhtfsf nflu ejg ax'pkof]lu x'g]5 .Ú ejgdf d'lQmgfy wfdsf] k'hfsf] ljwL ug{ ;Sg] cfrfo{ k08Ltsf nflu :yfoL a;f]af;sf] Aoj:yf u/L dlGb/sf] lgTo k"hf ul/g] of]hgf agfO{Psf] 5 . :jfdL sdngofgfrfo{åf/f z'ef/De ul/Psf] d'lQmgfy dlGb/df a[xQ of]hgf ;lxtsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? ul/Psf] xf] . !)* wf/f lgdf{0f u/L d'lQmgfy wfdsf] ;kgf k'/f ug{] of]hgfdf ;'AafufpFsf :yfgLox?, l;Ëf] kgf}tLaf;L / lhNnfsf ljleGg If]qaf6 ;xof]u k|fKt eO{/x]sf] pxfFn] atfpg' eof] . em08} () nfv vr{ eO{;s]sf] pQm dlGb/ lgdf{0fsf nflu cem} @% nfv vr{ x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . dlGb/ lgdf{0fsf] afFsL sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ bftfx?n] /sd pknAw u/fPsf 5g\ . kl5Nnf] ;do s]lx /sd hDdf ePsf] 5 eg] vftfdf !) nfv eGbf w]/} /sd art 5 . gu/kflnsfaf6 k|fKt x'g] @% nfv ?k}ofaf6 ax'pb]lZoo ejg lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . dlGb/ lgdf{0fsf nflu k|b]z txaf6 @% nfv ?k}of pknAw ePsf] 5 . cGo y'k|} AolQmx?n] dlGb/ lgdf{0fsf nflu ;xof]u pknAw u/fPsf 5g\ .

lg/Gt/ ;dfh ;]jfdf

;fljs ;'AafufpF uflj; lgjf;L uf]kfnaxfb'/ yfkfsf] k]zf g} ;dfh ;]jf xf] . ;fd'bflos ag, /]8qm; nufotsf If]qdf s[oflzn yfkf ;fljs ;'AafufpF uflj;sf cWoIf, kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ @ sf j8f cWoIf kbdf lgjf{lrt x'g' ePsf] lyof] . ljleGg If]q dfkm{t yfkfn] ;fdflhs cleofgdf cfkm'nfO{ lg/Gt/ s[oflzn agfO{ /xg' ePsf] 5 . ulDe/ k|s[ltsf] /f]u;Fu nl8/xg' ePsf yfkfsf] O{R5ff g} dlGb/sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg u/L k|f0f k|lti7f ug{' xf] . To;sf nflu yfkfn] ;xof]lu bftfx?;Fu dlGb/sf nflu cfjZos kg{] /sd tyf cGo ;fdfu|L h'6fpg s[oflzn /xg' ePsf] 5 . d':tfË lhNnfdf /x]sf] d'lQmgfy dlGb/ k'Ug g;Sg] eQmhgx?sf nflu ;'AafufpFdf /x]sf] dlGb/df cfpg] u/L dlGb/ lgdf{0f ug{ nfluPsf] yfkfn] atfpg' eof] .

jif{ @^ c+s $@ @)&& ;fpg @( ut] ljxLjf/

gdf]a'4 gu/ ultljlw es'08]a];Ldf t/sf/L ahf/ ;+rfngdf

gdf]a'4÷es'08]a];L–sfe|]sf] ko{6sLo gu/L gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsfsf] k|d'v Jofkfl/s s]Gb| es'08]a];Ldf Jojl:yt t/sf/L ahf/ ;+rfngdf cfPsf] 5 . kmnkm"n tyf t/sf/L d'No >[+vnf ljsf; cfof]hgfsf] ;xof]udf :yfkgf ePsf] es'08] s[lif pkh ;+sng s]Gb| ;fpg @# ut] z'qmaf/b]lv cf}krfl/s?kdf ;~rfngdf cfPsf] 5 . s]Gb|sf] z'qmaf/ Ps ;df/f]xaLr gu/k|d'v l6kL zdf{ ltdlN;gf / pkk|d'v /fdb]jL tfdfªn] ;+o'Qm?kdf pb\3f6g ug'{ePsf] 5 . s]Gb| :yfkgfsf nflu kmnkm"n tyf t/sf/L d'No >[+vnf ljsf; cfof]hgfaf6 !% nfv ?k}ofF / gu/kflnsfsf] tkm{af6 % nfv ?k}ofF ;xof]u k|fKt ePsf] 5 . cfof]hgfn] ;+sng s]Gb| :yfkgfsf ;fy} ls;fgnfO{ pGgt hftsf laplahg ljt/0f, cfjZos tflnd, yf]kf l;~rfO{, t/sf/L gd'gf k|bz{gLsf nflu @$ nfv !( xhf/ & ;o @% ?k}ofF vr{ u/]sf] gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsf s[lif zfvf k|d'v /]zd bfxfnn] atfpg'eof] . s]Gb|sf] pb\3f6g ub}{ gu/k|d'v l6kL zdf{ ltdlN;gfn]] gu/kflnsfn] vfB ;'/Iff, ls;fgsf] xslxtsf nflu sfo{ljlw g} agfP/ sfof{Gjog ug{ nfu]sf] atfpg'eof] . gu/kflnsfdf rfF8} g} v;L af]sf ;+sng s]Gb| :yfkgf ug]{ / To;af6 gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsf;lxt t]dfn ufpFkflnsf, /f]zL ufpFkflnsfsf ;fy} l5d]sL lhNnf l;Gw'nLsf kz'kfns ls;fg;d]t nfeflGjt x'g] ltdlN;gfn] atfpg'eof] . o:t} o'jfnfO{ :j/f]huf/ agfpg s[lif / ko{6gdf cfwfl/s /f]huf/d'ns sfo{qmd to ul/Psf], s[lif ko{6gsf] cjwf/0ff tof/ kfl/Psf] ltdlN;gfn] atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmddf gu/ pkk|d'v /fdb]jL tfdfªn] gu/kflnsfdf s[lif, ko{6g / Jofkf/nfO{ Ps;fy cl3 a9fpg] of]hgf agfPsf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . pxfFn] gu/leq pTkflbt df}lns ;fdu|L k|bz{gL / laqmLsf nflu sf];]nL 3/sf] cjwf/0ff NofOPsf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t ef]nfk|;fb rfkfufO{+n] t/sf/L ahf/nfO{ cem} Jojl:yt agfpFb} n}hfg] atfpg'eof] . ;a} j8fsf ls;fgsf] g]6js{ agfpg], sf7df8f}+sf ;fy} t/fO{sf ahf/;Dd ls;fgsf] pTkfbg ;xh} k'Ug] Joj:yf ldnfpg] pxfFsf] egfO{ 5 . t/sf/L, df;' / c08fdf gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsfnfO{ cfTdlge{/ agfpg] of]hgf cl3 ;fl/Psf] rfkfufO{+sf] egfO{ 5 . es'08] s[lif pkh ahf/ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf e/tk|;fb Gof}kfg]sf] ;efkltTjdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf gu/kflnsfsf s[lif ;+of]hs Pj+ j8f gDj/ ( sf j8fcWoIf d]njxfb'/ nfdfn] s[lifnfO{ Joj;flos agfpFb} n}hfg gu/kflnsfn] cfjZos ;xof]u ug]{ atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmddf gu/kflnsfsf ;a} j8fdf k|lt j8f ^ j6fsf b/n] e';f sf6\g] d]l;g x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . o:t} kmnkm"n tyf t/sf/L d'No >[+vnf ljsf; cfof]hgf / l;k|]8sf] tkm{af6 k|fKt t/sf/L ;+sng qm]6;d]t x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .

s's tflndsf ;xefuLnfO{ k|df0fkq es'08]–gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsfsf o'jfx?nfO{ /f]huf/d'ns agfpg] p2]Zon] xf]6n s's tflnd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . tflndsf ;xefuLx?nfO{ l;l6Ole6Lsf] Joj;flos tx ! sf] /fli6«o ;Lk k|df0fkq k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . lzIff dGqfnocGtu{tsf] Joj;flos lzIff tyf tflnd clej[l4 kl/of]hgfcGtu{t k'ikf 6]lSgsn OlGi6Ro'6 ag]kfn] pQm tflnd k|bfg u/]sf] xf] . # dlxgf nfdf] # ;o () 306] pQm tflnddf @& hgfn] Joj;flos tx ! sf] /fli6«o ;Lk kl/If0f k|df0fkq kfPsf 5g\ . ;xefuLx?nfO{ sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v l6kL zdf{ ltdlN;gfn] k|df0fkq k|bfg ug'{eof] . sfo{qmddf gu/k|d'v ltdlN;gfn] tflnd lnP/dfq} gx'g] eGb} o;nfO{ ;b'kof]u u/]/ /f]huf/d'ns aGg'kg]{df hf]8 lbg'eof] . tflndsf ;xefuLx?nfO{ cGo dflyNnf]:t/sf k|lzIf0f cfjZos ePdf gu/kflnsfn] ;dGjo / ;xof]u ug]{ ltdlN;gfn] atfpg'eof] . tflndsf ;xefuLx?n] /f]huf/Ldf k'Ugsf nflu of] tflndn] ;xof]u u/]sf] eGb} v'zL JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . pQm tflndsf sltko ;xefuLx?n] ljleGg xf]6nx?df /f]huf/L kfO/x]sf 5g\ . ;xefuLx?nfO{ /f]huf/Lsf nflu cfkm"x?n] klg ;dGjo ug]{ tflnd ;+of]hs ch'{g ;fksf]6fn] atfpg'eof] . tflndsf nflu ;xefuL 5gf}6 / cfjZos ;dGjo gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsfn] u/]sf] lyof] eg] cfly{s ;xof]u Joj;flos lzIff tyf tflnd clej[l4 kl/of]hgfn] u/]sf] lyof] . ;xefuLx?nfO{ ljho l3ld/], b]jL ltdlN;gf, dGh' zfx, leGgl;+x clwsf/Ln] k|lzIf0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] . tflnd ;+of]hs ch'{g ;fksf]6fsf] ;efkltTj tyf gu/k|d'v l6kL zdf{ ltdlN;gfsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ePsf] ;dfkg sfo{qmddf sfe|] xf]6n P;f]l;P;gsf sf]iffWoIf lbk]z >]i7, k|lzIfs ljho l3ld/] nufotsf] klg pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

o'jf lbj;sf] cj;/df j[Iff/f]k0f es'08]÷gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsf sfe|]n] cGt/f{li6«o o'jf lbj;sf] cj;/ kf/]/ a'waf/ gdf]a'4 $ kf}8]nrf}/l:yt :d[lt kfs{df j[Iff/f]k0f ;/;kmfO{ sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . ljZjJofkL dxfdf/L sf]le8 !( sf] k|sf]knfO{ dWo]gh/ ub}{ :jf:Yo ;r]tgf;lxt gu/kflnsfcGtu{tsf] gu/ o'jf kl/ifbn] pQm sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] xf] . sfo{qmddf gu/k|d'v l6kL zdf{ ltdlN;gf, k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t ef]nfk|;fb rfkfufO{+, gu/ o'jf kl/ifbsf sfo{sf/L pkfWoIf czf]s vgfn, lzIff zfvf k|d'v hgfb{g l/hfn nufotn] j[Iff/f]k0f ug{'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf gu/k|d'v ltdlN;gfn] o'jfx?nfO{ :j/f]huf/ agfpg / o'jfsf] lxtdf sfd ug{ gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsfn] ljleGg of]hgfx? lgdf{0f u/]sf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] gdf]a'4df o'jfx?sf nflu /fli6«o:t/sf kl/of]hgf cl3 a9fOPsf] hfgsf/L klg lbg'eof] . j[Iff/f]k0f sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tfsf ;fy} ;+/If0fdf klg hf]8 lbg'kg]{ ltdlN;gfn] atfpg'eof] . gu/ o'jf kl/ifbsf sfo{sf/L pkfWoIf czf]s vgfnn] lzIff cleofgsf nflu o'jf ;xeflutf, /f]huf/L k|j4{g / jftfj/0f ;+/If0fdf o'jf ;xeflutf eGg] gf/fsf ;fy o'jf lbj; dgfOPsfn] jftfj/0f ;+/If0fdf o'jfx?sf] rf;f] clej[l4 ug]{ p2]Zon] j[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] atfpg'eof] . ;/fs ] f/ ;dfh gk]fn, uf|dL0f ljsf; ;:+yf, gdfa]4 ' ljsf; d~r / gu/ oj'f ;~hfnsf] ;xsfod{f ePsf] sfoq{mddf afl]wlrQ, wk'L nufotsf la?jf /fl]kPsf] lyof] .

xflb{s awfO{

r]i6f ;fKtflxssf ;xof]uL, z'elrGts tyf k|fO{d PkmPd !)$=% d]ufxh{sf k|zf;g k|d'v ljgf]b Gof}kfg] gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsfsf] k|]; ;Nnfxsf/df lgo'Qm x'g'ePs]fdf xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub{} sfo{sfn ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

%

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

agk]f & df gdg'f sfd

hi]7 gful/s lj>fd:yn lgdf0{f

ag]kf÷ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ & l:yt kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;+3sf] ejg cuf8L ;fj{hlgs hUufdf h]i7 gful/s lj>fd:yn lgdf{0f z'? ul/Psf] 5 . afnd}qL / h]i7 gful/s d}qL gu/ agfpg] of]hgf cg'?k j8f sfof{non] h]i7 gful/s lj>fd:yn lgdf{0f ug{ nfu]sf] xf] . @)&^ r}q $ ut] pQm If]qdf lj>fd:yn lgdf{0f ug{ 6f]naf;Lx?sf] e]nf a;]sf] lyof] .

e]nfdf pQm 6f]nsf @& hgf 6f]naf;Lx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . e]nfn] lj>fd:yn lgdf{0fsf nflu kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;+3 ;Fu} /x]sf] ;fj{hlgs hUufdf lgdf{0fsf nflu eujfg ;fu/ e}nsf] cWoIftfdf pkef]Qmf ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] lyof] . ;lrj t'n;Lbf; >]i7, sf]iffWoIf OlGb/f >]i7, ;b:ox?df gljg ;fvM, chos'df/ >]i7, ljZj/fh e}n /xg' ePsf] lyof] . cg'udg ;ldltdf b]j]Gb|k|;fb e}n ;+of]hs /xg' ePsf] 5 eg] af]wk|;fb tf}hn] / nIdLnfn /fhe08f/L ;b:o /xg' ePsf] 5 . . lj>fd:yn lgdf{0fsf nflu j8f sfof{non] ljlgof] h g u/] s f] /sddf :yfgLo 6f]naf;Lx?n] sl/j Ps nfv ?k}of yk u/]sf 5g\ . cfs{ifs / cToGt} pkof]uL lj>fd:yn lgdf{0fdf ;+lwof/ ;'/f]h d':ofh' / pgsf bfh' ef]nf d':ofh'n] cj/f]w k'¥ofpg'

ePsf] pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf cWoIfeujfg ;fu/ e}nn] atfpg' eof] . …;fj{ h lgs hUuf x8k] / nfnk' h f{ agfpg] klg pxfF x ? g} xg'x' G'5Ú–cWoIf en } n] eGge'of–]…;fjh { lgs hUuf x8k/] nfnkh ' f{ tof/ u/L gLlh cfjf; lgdf0{f ug{ nfus ] f] hfgsf/L kfP kl5 6fn ] af;Lx? #) hgfn] gS;f kf; /fS]sfsf nflu j8f sfofn { odf ph/'L lbPsf 5f+} .Ú …@)&^ df3 !% ut] :yfgLox?n] j8f sfofn { odf ph/'L btf{ u/;]uF} d:'ofh' bfhe'fOn { ] 6fn ] af;L / j8f cWoIf lj?4 unt kr | f/ u/L hUuf x8Kg vfh ] s ] f 5gÚ\–cWoIf en } n] eGge'of–]…j8f sfofn { on] pknAw u/fPsf] # nfv %) xhf/, :yfgLox?af6 ;s + ng ePsf] ! nfv / gku' /sd gu/kflnsfaf6 pknAw u/fpg] cfZjf;g kf|Kt u/s ] f 5f+} .Ú ^ nfv ?ko}f eGbf w/]} vr{ eO;{ss ] f] hi]7 gful/s lj>fd:ynaf6 s;n } ] cj/fw] gePsf] / c;l'jwf gxg'] j8f cWoIf j0f{ zfSon] eGge'of] . j8faf;L, 6fn ] af;Lx?sf] ;lqmo ;xeflutfaf6 lgdf{0f eO{/x]sf] pQm lj>fd:yn lgdf0{fsf] clGtd r/0fdf ku's ] f] 5 . aw'af/ ljxfg lj>fd:yndf 6fn ] af;Lx?sf] en ] f a;L yk sfo{ cuf8L a9fpg ;lqmotf a9fpg] lg0fo{ u/s ] f] 5 . ;l+wof/ ;/'fh ] d:'ofhn ' ] ;fljs agk]f gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ * xfn agk]f & sf] lsQf gDj/ @&# df ejg agfpg gS;f tof/ u/L j8f sfofn { odf kz ] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . $ cfgf ! k;}f hUuf pxfs F f] k/'fgf] nfnkh ' fd{f /xs ] f] eP klg l8lh6n nfnkh ' fa{f6 pxfs F f] kh " fd{f $ cfgf @ k;}f @ bfd agfP kl5 6fn ] af;Lx?n] To;sf] vf/h ] Lsf] dfu ub}{ dfnkft] sfofn { o sfe,]| l8lh6n gfkL gS;f / gflk sfofn { o / j8f sfofn { odf ph/'L u/s ] f xg'\ . …hUuf vf/h ] L / gS;f kf; /fS]sfsf nflu xfdLn] ;o+Q'm lgjb]g lbPsf 5fÚ+}– cWoIf en } n] eGge'of] . lj>fd:ynsf af/d]f ;fdflhs ;~hfndf AoQm ljrf/x?sf] ;Gbe{df pkefQ]mf ;ldlt / j8f sfofn { on] Wofgfsif0{f ePsf] atfpbF} ;fjh { lgs hUuf x8Kg /fs ] nufpbFf AoQ cleAolQmsf] sg'} cy{ gePsf] hfgsf/L u/fPsf] 5 .

/fwfsi[0f ;fsf;]sf] !# cf} ;ef ag]kf÷/fwfs[i0f art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=sf] !# cf}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef lhNnf art ;+3sf sf]iffWoIf lht]Gb| gsdL{sf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sfo{ q mddf k| d ' v cltyL gsdL{ n ] sf] / f] g fsf] dxfdf/Lsf lar ;xsf/Ln] ;b:ox?nfO{ ;]jf lbPsf]df wGoafb lbPsf lyP . cfkm'n] hf]lvd df]n]/} ePklg ;b:ox?nfO{ ;]jf lbg' eg]sf] ;xsf/L ;b:od'vL ePsf] atfpg'eof] . ca ;xsf/Ln] ;]jf dfq geO{ ;b:ox?nfO{ ljz]if Kofs]h NofO{ /fxt ;d]t k|bfg ug{'kg{] gsdL{n] eGg'eof] . ;fwf/0f ;efdf d~h'>L ;fsf];sf cWoIf czf]ss'df/ >]i7, o'Pd ;fsf];sf cWoIf /f]zg >]i7 nufotsf AolQmx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ;efdf ;+:yfsf

cfly{s aif{ @)&^÷)&& sf] jflif{s

ag]kf÷ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ ( cfhfb 6f]n;'wf/ ;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdf cGtlqm{of sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u/]sf] 5 . ag]kf gu/kflnsf gu/ k|d'v nIdL g/l;+ afb]sf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf pQm sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . cGtlqm{of sfo{qmddf 6f]n ;'wf/ ;ldltsf cWoIf d's'Gb ltdlN;gfn] 6f]ndf ePsf ;d:of gu/ k|d'v ;dIf /fv]sf lyP . 6f]ndf zflGt ;'/Ifdf ljz]if Wofg lbg'kg{], ;8s sfnf]kq], kmf]xf]/ d}nf Aoj:yfkg, ;fj{hlgs ;DklQsf] ;+/If0f, ;8s alQ dd{t nufotsf ;d:of /x]sf] 6f]n ;'wf/ ;dltsf] tkm{af6 cWoIf d's'Gb ltdlN;gfn] /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . pQm ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{ gu/ k|d'v nIdL g/l;+ afb]n] klxnf] ljsf;sf] sfddf 6f]naf;L / :yfgLo g} ;lqmo x'g'kg]{ atfpg' eof] . :yfgLojf;Lx?n] ;d:of /fv] k l5 gu/kflnsfn] ;dfwfg ug{ lt/ nfUg] ePsfn] ;j{k|yd :yfgLosf] ;lqmo a9fpg cfu|x ug{'

cfb/0fLo bfh'efO{ tyf lbbLalxgLx? ljZjdf dfxfdf/Lsf ?kdf km}lnPsf] sf]le8–!( gfds sf]/fgf efO/; g]kfndf klg km}lnbf] qmddf /x]sf] 5 . aGbfaGbL kl5sf] kl/j]zdf cem ;ts{ /xg' kg{] cj:yf cfPsf] 5 . d'n'ssf ljleGg :yfgx?df ;+qmd0fsf] b/ a9]/ uPsf] tyf o; ufpFkflnsfdf ;d]t ;+qmldt b]lvPsf] x'“bf o; /f]usf] ;+qmd0faf6 hf]lug b]xfo adf]lhd ug{ t]dfn ufpFkflnsf xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5 . != cTofjZos sfd gk/L 3/af6 aflx/ glg:sg], @= 3/ aflx/ lg:sg} k/] klg clgjfo{ ?kdf df:ssf] k|of]u ug{], #= ;+qmd0faf6 hf]lug slDtdf b'O{ ld6/sf] ;fdflhs ef}lts b'/L sfod ug{], $= ;do ;dodf ;fa'g kfgLn] dHhfn] xft w'g], %= s'g} sfd ;DkGg u/]kl5 jf aflx/af6 cfO{ 3/leq k|j]z ubf{ :oflg6fOh/sf] k|of]u ug{], ^= le8ef8 x'g] sfo{qmd cfof]hgf gug{] / To:tf sfo{qmddf ;xeflu gx'g], &= ;+qmd0f k'li6 ePsf JolQmdf ;xfg'e'lt /fVg], ;Ddflgt Jojxf/ ug{], *= ljbz ] af6 cfPsf jf ;q+md0f kml}nPsf] Ifq]af6 cfPsf JolQmx?sf af/d]f ;DalGwt j8f sfofn { o jf ufpkFflnsfsf] :jf:Yo zfvfdf tTsfn hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg,] (= 3/ cfu“gdf :jR5tf sfod u/L dgf/]~hgk0"f{ jftfj/0f tof/ ug]{ / JolQmut tyf kfl/jfl/s ;/;kmfO sfod ug]{ , !)= ;+qmd0fsf] s'g} nIf0f ePsf] z+sf nfu]df jf :jf:Yodf s'g} ;d:of cfPdf :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf tTsfn ;Dks{ /fVg] .

(Lumpy Skin Disease) ufO{ e};Ldf Pox Lumpy Skin Diseases Virus (LSDV) af6 ;+qmd0f x'g] ub{5 . olx ;d"xdf Sheeppox virus / Goatpox virus klg kb{5g\ . nDkL l:sg /f]u klxnf] k6s !(@( df hflDaofdf ;+qmd0f k'li6 ePsf] lyof] . clxn] g]kfnsf] klg k|b]z !, k|b]z @ / afudtL k|b]zsf ljleGg 7fpx?df o; /f]usf] ;+qmd0f b]lvg yfn]sf] 5 . b'w pKkfbg 36\g] b]lv lnP/ kz' dg]{;Dd cj:yfdf u/fpg] o; /f]un] ls;fgsf] cfly{s cj:yfnfO{ klg g/fd|/L wSsf lbPsf] kfOG5 . ljiff0f'sf] ef}lts u'0f ljiff0f'x? %% l8u|L ;]lN;o; tfkqmddf @ 306f / ^% l8u|L ;]lN;o;df #) ldg]6 afFRg ;Sb5g\ . To:t} s]ldsN;÷l8:OGkm]S6]G6x?df kmdf{lng !Ü, Snf]/f]kmd, km]gf]n @Ü, lAnlrª kfp8/ -@–#Ü_, cfof]l8g, Trykon @Ü, Quarternary Ammonium compounds (Virufix-s) )=%Ü df ;+j]bglzn /xG5g . efO/; afRg] Ifdtf ;'s]sf 3fpsf vf6fdf nfdf] ;do;Dd afFRg ;Sb5g\ . s'lxPsf] 5fnfsf] luvf{df ## lbg / ;'Vvf 3fpdf !* lbg, 3fdsf] k|sfz / s]xL l86/h]G6;+u oL efO/;x? ;Dj]bgzLn /x]tf klg ;+qmldt kz' kmfd{sf] pHofnf] gk'Ug] cWof/f] 7fFpdf oL efO/;x? aiff}{ afFRg ;Sb5g\ . nlIft kz' xf]N:6]g lk|mlhog / cGo j0f{ ;+s/ ePsf ufO{x?df /f]usf] hf]lvd a9L /xG5 . of] /f]u h'gf]l6s /f]u cyf{t dflg;df ;g]{ /f]u eg] xf]Og . efO/;sf] >f]t 3fpsf] vf6faf6 lg:s]sf] kfk|f, 3fpaf6 lg:s]sf] kmf]xf]/df cToflws nDkL l:sg /f]usf efO/; x'G5g . /ut, cfFvfsf] sr]/f, l;ufg, ¥ofn klg laiff0f' kfpg ;lsG5 . k|hgg\sf nflu kflnPsf] ;f9]sf] jLo{df klg /f]u nfu]sf] $@ kl5 klg efO/; b]lvPsf] kfOPsf] 5 . /f]u k}mng] cj:yf lr;f] ;do eGbf udL{ jf jiff{ ;dodf of] /f]usf] k|sf]ksf] hf]lvd a9L x'g] ub{5 . clxn] ;Dd oxL ls/f k|hfltsfn] of] /f]u ;/]sf] kQf gnfu]tf klg nfdv'§], 6f]Sg] lemuf, efn] lsgf{x?n] /f]u ;fg{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Nb5g . To;}ul/ ;+qmldt kz'sf] ¥ofn, bfgf kfgLsf] ef8f / ;+qmldt kz';+u hf] sf]lx ;Dks{df cfPsfn] klg /f]u ;fg{ d2t ub{5g . /f]u ;g]{ ;Defjgf !)–@) Ü / /f]u nfu]/ dg]{ ;Defjgf !Ü–%Ü /xG5 . of] /f]usf] OGSo'j]zg cjlw $–!$ lbgsf] x'G5 . nIf0fx?

• ufO{sf] zl//df ;fgf ;fgf luvf{x? b]lvg] /f]usf] k|d'v nIf0f x'g . w]/} ;fgf luvf{x? xfdLn] cg'ej ug{ ufx|f] x'G5 eg] 7"nf]df # ;]=ld= hltsf luvf{x? klg b]lvg ;S5 . s;}sf]df ;fgf] luvf{ x'g], s;}sf]df 7'nf] luvf{ x'g] tYosf] kf6f] clxn] klg cg';Gwfgd} /x]sf] 5 .

ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf] xflb{s cg'/f]w cfb/0fLo gu/af;L bfh'efO{ lbbLalxgLx? ljZjdf dfxfdf/Lsf ?kdf km}lnPsf] sf]le8–!( gfds sf]/fgf efO/; g]kfndf klg km}lnbf] qmddf /x]sf] 5 . aGbfaGbL kl5sf] kl/j]zdf cem ;ts{ /xg' kg{] cj:yf cfPsf] 5 . d'n'ssf ljleGg :yfgx?df ;+qmd0fsf] b/ a9]/ uPsf] tyf o; gu/ If]qdf ;d]t ;+qmldt b]lvPsf] x'“bf o; /f]usf] ;+qmd0faf6 hf]lug b]xfo adf]lhd ug{ ag]kf gu/kflnsf gu/af;Ldf xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5 . != cTofjZos sfd gk/L 3/af6 aflx/ glg:sg], @= 3/ aflx/ lg:sg} k/] klg clgjfo{ ?kdf df:ssf] k|of]u ug{], #= ;+qmd0faf6 hf]lug slDtdf b'O{ ld6/sf] ;fdflhs ef}lts b'/L sfod ug{], $= ;do ;dodf ;fa'g kfgLn] dHhfn] xft w'g], %= s'g} sfd ;DkGg u/]kl5 jf aflx/af6 cfO{ 3/leq k|j]z ubf{ :oflg6fOh/sf] k|of]u ug{], ^= le8ef8 x'g] sfo{qmd cfof]hgf gug{] / To:tf sfo{qmddf ;xeflu gx'g], &= ;+qmd0f k'li6 ePsf JolQmdf ;xfg'e'lt /fVg], ;Ddflgt Jojxf/ ug{], *= ljb]zaf6 cfPsf jf ;+qmd0f km}lnPsf] If]qaf6 cfPsf JolQmx?sf af/]df ;DalGwt j8f sfof{no jf gu/kflnsfsf] :jf:Yo zfvfsf] kmf]g g+= ^^@#@& df tTsfn hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg], (= 3/ cf“ugdf :jR5tf sfod u/L dgf]/~hgk"0f{ jftfj/0f tof/ ug{] / JolQmut tyf kfl/jfl/s ;/;kmfO sfod ug{] , !)= ;+qmd0fsf] s'g} nIf0f ePsf] z+sf nfu]df jf :jf:Yodf s'g} ;d:of cfPdf :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf tTsfn ;Dks{ /fVg] .

gu/ k|d'v ag]kf gu/kflnsf

dfnkf]t sfof{no, sfe|]knf~rf]ssf] hfgsf/L

!!!

g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;xsf/L ;+:yf PsLs/0f tyf ;xsf/L ;+:yf sd u/L u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf k|jfx ug{] gLlt adf]lhd o; lqb]j art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= eQmk'/–!, eQmk'/, nf]sljGb' art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, ag]kf–(, sfe|] / ljld/] ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= nlntk'/ aLr ldlt @)&&.$.!* ut]sf lbg b]lv nfu' x'g]u/L ;xsf/L ljefuaf6 PsLs/0f ul/Psf] Joxf]/f ;a}df hfgsf/Lsf] nflu cg'/f]w ub{5' . ;fy} ldlt @)&&.%.! ut]b]lv PsLs[t ?kdf sf/f]af/ ul/g] Joxf]/f ;d]t cg'/f]w ub{5' . PsLs/0f kl5 sfod /x]sf] lqb]j art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= eQmk'/–!, eQmk'/ d"Vo sfof{no /xg] / ;fljsdf /x]sf] nf]sljGb' art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]kf / ljld/] ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= nlntk'/df !÷! ;b:o ;]jf s]Gb| sfod /xg] / sflndf6L sf7df8f}+df ;d]t yk Ps ;b:o ;]jf s]Gb| :yfkgf ul/g] Joxf]/f ;DalGwt ;a}df hfgsf/L u/fpg rfxG5 .

lqb]j art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= eQmk'/–!, eQmk'/

nDkL l:sg /f]u

sf]le8–!( ;+qmd0faf6 hf]lug

cWoIf t]dfn ufpFkflnsf

;"rgf

ePsf] lyof] . lgjf{rgsf ;dodf u/]sf k|lta4tfnfO{ dg{ glbg] gu/ k|d'v afb]n] atfpg' eof] . xfdLn] afrf u/]sf k|lta4tfx? k"/f uPsf 5g\–afb]n] eGg'eof] kmf]xf]/ d}nf Aoaf:yfkg s]lx ;dodf g} ;dfwfg x'g], Plss[t vfg]kfgL s]lx dlxgf kl5 ;~rfng x'g], c/lgsf] /fhdfu{ bfofF afofF ;'wf/sf] sfd e}O{/x]sf], k|To]s j8f sfof{nodf hfg] ;8s sfnf]kq] ug{ nfluPsf], ag]kfsf] nfO{kmnfO{ of]hgf sl/8f]/sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? ePsf], r08]Zj/L b]vL uf];fO{s'08df !$ ;oj6f l;F9L lgdf{0f / ag]kf gu/kflnsf leq /x]sf k'/ftflTjs ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f ug{ nfluPsf] atfpg' eof] . sfo{ q mddf 6f] n ;' w f/sf ;b:ox?n] lgjf{rgsf ;dodf dfq geO{ ;do ;dodf hgtfsf] cfFugdf g} cfP/ u'gf;f] ;'Gg cfu|x u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf ;dfh;]jLx? ljqmd k|hfklt, d+undfg k|hfklt, l;tf/fd bfxfn nufotsf AolQmx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

8f= u0f]z aGhf/f

-k|sflzt ldltM @)&&.$.!(_

t]dfn ufp“kflnsfsf] xflb{s cg'/f]w

!!

k|lta]bg ;lrj ;hgf dfgGw/n] / cfly{s k|ltj]bg sf]iffWoIfn] k|:t't ug{' ePsf] lyof] . ;+:yfsf] z]o/ k"FhL ^^ nfv #@ xhf/ lgIf]k $ s/f]8 %! nfv &) xhf/ # ;o !# /x]sf] hgfPsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf pTs[i6 sd{rf/L ag]kfsf Aoj:yfks ;latf dfgGw/ / es'08] zfvfsL ahf/ k|ltlglw ;+uLtf /]UdLnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . To;}u/L ;+:yfsf pTs[i6 efuat >]i7, nIdL dlwsdL{, ;lngf ;fksf]6f, u+ufbf; >]i7, afn art ;f]lkmof >]i7, lqmo'z ;f]h' / pTs[i6 C0fL zf]ef nfdf, k]df nfdf, h]i7 ;b:o 1fg axfb'/ nfdf nufotnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmd ;+:yfsf cWoIf sdn clwsf/Lsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

cfhfb 6fn] ;w'f/sf] cGtlqmo{f

sf]le8–!( ;+qmd0faf6 hf]lug

;"rgf ! ;"rgf

jif{ @^ c+s $@ @)&& ;fpg @( ut] ljxLjf/

ljZjd} dxfdf/Lsf] ?kdf km}lnPsf] sf]/f]gf efO/; (Covid 19) sf] ;+qmd0f g]kfndf klg lbg k|ltlbg a9\b} uPsf] jt{dfg cj:yfnfO{ dWogh/ ub{} o; dfnkf]t sfof{non] ;]jfu|fxLsf] le8ef8nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ / ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ Go"gtd ;'/Iff ;ts{tf ckgfpFb} sfo{ ;+rfns ug{ olx ldlt @)&& >fj0f @& ut] d+unaf/b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L b]xfo adf]lhd ;]jf k|jfx ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/Lsf] nflu cg'/f]w 5 . s= v= u=

cfOtaf/, d+unaf/ / ljlxaf/ ;f]daf/, a'waf/ / z'qmaf/ cfOtaf/b]lv z'qmaf/ ;Dd

w'lnv]n, kfFrvfn / kgf}tL g=kf= ag]kf, d08gb]pk'/ / gdf]a'4 g=kf ;a} ufpFkflnsfx?

zflns/fd cfrfo{ k|d'v dfnkf]t clws[t

• @=% ;]=ld=sf] luvf{x? 6fpsf], 3f6L, v'§f, y'g cflb 7fpFx?df ;+qmd0f ePsf] $* 306f ;Dddf b]lvG5 . o:tf uf]nf] cfsf/sf luvf{x? 5fnfdf 6fl;Psf jf s]xL luvf{x? df;';Dd 6fFl;Psf dx;'; ug{ ;lsG5 . 7'nf luvf{x? ;fx|f] x'g] / kfSg] / zl//df w]/} dlxgfx? ;Dd /lx/xG5g . s]xL luvf{x?df cf};f (maggots) b]lvG5 . d'v / kfrg k|0ffnLsf c+ux?df kfgLsf] kmf]sf h:tf] 3fp aGg], 3fp tfl5g] jf 3fpsf] dflysf] efu plsg] / 3fp ulxl/g] h:tf nIf0fx? b]lvG5g . o:tf nIf0fx? Zjf; gnL / kmf]S;f]df klg b]lvg ;S5g .

• ;+qmldt kz'x? emf]qmfpg], cfFvfaf6 lrk|f / gfsaf6 l;ufg aUg] • !)% km/]gxfO6 eGbf a9L Hj/f] cfpg' • b'x'gf ufO{ j:t'sf] b'w pTkfbg Xjft} 36\g] • kz' ;'Sb} hfg], l8k|];gdf hfg] / vfg dg gug]{ • Gffs, cfvfsf] ;+qmd0f ;fy} cToflws ¥ofn lgsfNg] • 6fpsf] jl/kl/sf Lymph nodes x? ;'lGgg] • kz'x?sf] v'§f nufot z/L/sf] tn kl§sf] efux? h:t} 3f6L, 5ftL k]6 cflb ;'lgg] / lx8\g dg gug]{ x'G5g .

• ;f9]x? :yfoL ?kdf k|hgg cof]Uo x'g ;S5g .

• ule{0fL kz'x?n] kf8f kf8L jf afR5f afR5L ˆofSg] jf t'lxg] / nfdf] ;do ;Dd Ct'rqmdf kms{g ;Sb}gg .

• o; /f]uaf6 lgsf] ePsf kz'x? b'Anfpg], lgdf]lgof, y'g]nf] tyf 3fpx?df lkksf l9Ssf h:tf nIf0fx? b]lvG5g . k|of]uzfnf kl/If0f Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Capripoxvirus antibody enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Virus neutralization test.

nDkL l:sg /f]u;+u ldNbf] h'Nbf] ePsf cGo /f]ux?

Bovine herpes mammillitis (bovine herpesvirus), Bovine papular stomatitis (Parapoxvirus), Pseudocowpox (Parapoxvirus), Vaccinia virus and Cowpox virus (Orthopoxviruses, Dermatophilosis, Demodicosis, Besnoitiosis, Rinderpest, Hypoderma bovisinfection, Photosensitisation, Urticaria, Cutaneous tuberculosis, Onchocercosis, ls/f jf lsgf{sf] 6f]sfO

kb{5g\ . /f]syfd • /f]uL kz'x?sf] cf];f/ k;f/df lgoGq0f, Sjf/]G6fOgsf] Joj:yf • EoflS;g];g • h}ljs ;'/Iffsf] kfngf • kmd{ jl/kl/ l8:OGk]mS6]G6x?n] lg;+qmd0f ug]{ pkrf/ • efO/;sf] k|efjsf/L pkrf/ gePsfn] /f]syfddf g} a9L Wofg lbg'k5{ .

• Hj/f] 36fpg, hLjf0f'sf] ;+qmd0f lgsf] ug{ P06Ljfof]l6s ;+u} Non-steroidal Anti inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

• 3fp lgsf] u/fpg :k]| nufpg ;lsG5 .

• 3fp bv ' fO{ sd u/fpg] cfi}fwL vj'fpbFf bfgf kfgL, 3f; k/fn cln a9L ?rfpgsf] nflu d2t ub5{ .

^

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

jif{ @^ c+s $@ @)&& ;fpg @( ut] ljxLjf/

%% j6f afnSna nfO{ kqsf/ kGtnfO{ dxf;3+sf] ;xofu] v]ns'bsf] ;fdfu|L x:tfGt/0f ag]kf÷g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 sfe|] zfvfn] kqsf/ sNof0f sf]if dfkm{t zfvf ;b:o lzj kGtnfO{ !% xhf/ gub ;xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . kqsf/ dxf;+3 sfe|] zfvfn] ;b:ox? b'3{6gfdf k/L sfo{ If]qdf vl6g g;Sg] cj:yf l;h{gf x'Fbf cj:yf x]/L sfo{ljlw cg';f/ ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] 5 . To;sf nflu dxf;+3n] kqsf/ sNof0f sf]ifsf] :yfkgf u/L sf]ifsf] sfo{ljlw tof/ u/]sf] 5 . cWoIf df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf, ;lrj gu]Gb| clwsf/L, sf]iffWoIf slkn sf]O{/fnf, ;b:o /f]hg tfdfª ;lxtsf] 6f]nLn] ;b:o kGtnfO{ 3/d} k'uL gub x:tfGt/0f u/L :jf:Yo nfesf] sfdgf

u/]sf] lyof] . sfo{ljlw cg';f/ !) xhf/, !% xhf/, @) xhf/, #) xhf/ / yk cfjZos k/] sfo{ ;ldltn] lg0f{o u/L pknAw u/fpg ;Sg] Aoj:yf u/]sf] 5 . pQm /sdsf nflu sf]ifdf tTsfnsf nflu % nfv ?k}of hDdf u/]sf] 5 eg] sf]ifnfO{ !) nfv ?k}of k'¥ofpg] nIo lnPsf] 5 . sf]ifdf /x]sf] /sdaf6 k|fKt Aofhaf6 ;b:ox?nfO{ ;xof]u ug{] ;lrj gu]Gb| clwsf/Ln] atfpg' eof] . dxf;+3n] ;b:ox?sf] b'3{6gf ljdf, sf]/f]gf ljdf lgz'Ns u/]sf] 5 eg] ljkb\df k/]sf kqsf/x?nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ sf]if v8f u/]sf] cWoIf df]tL/fd ltdlN;gfn] atfpg' eof] .

/fli6o« jg lbj;df ljljw sfoq{md w'lnv]n . w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfn] afn d}qL gu/kflnsf 3f]if0ffsf nflu ;a} j8fx?df ul7t afnSnax?sf] ;'b[9Ls/0fsf nflu :6]:g/L / v]ns'nsf ;fdu|L ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 . w'lnv]n gu/sf ^ j6f j8f afnd}qL 3]if0f e}O{;s]sf / aflsF ^ j6f j8f nfO{ 3]if0f u/L w'lnv]n gu/ nfO{ afnd}qL gu/ 3f]if0ff ug{] of]hgf cg'?k g} sfdx? eO/x]sf] gu/ k|d'v czf]s Jof~h'n] atfpg' eof] . w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfn] afnaflnsfsf] xs clwsf/ ;'lglZrt u/fpg] p2]Zon] afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g sfo{fGjogdf hf]8 lbb}F cfPsf] ;d]t Jof~h'n] atfpg'eof] . ca ;Gf\ @)@) ;Dddf w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfnfO{ g} afnd}qL gu/ 3f]if0ff ug{] gu/sf] of]hgf cg';f/ w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfdf u7g ePsf] %% j6f afnSnax?nfO{ v]ns'b / afnSna ;+rfngdf rflxg] cfjZos ;fdu|L

x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] xf] . v]ns'b ;fdfu|L x:tfGt/0f ub{] lzIff zfvf k|d'v dfwa zdf{n] jfnaflnsfx?nfO{ k9fO{sf] ;u} v]ns'b ;d]t cfjZos ePsfn] pQm v]ns'b ;fdfu|L x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] atfpg' eof] . zdf{n] eGg' e of] gu/n] lbg] dfq xf] O { g afnaflnsfx?n] ;lx?kdf pQm ;fdfgsf] ;b'kof]u ug{' k5{ . sfo{qmddf w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf j8f $ sf j8f cWoIf /ljGb| sd{rfo{, % sf j8f cWoIf u+uf;fu/ /~hLt, !) sf j8f cWoIf pj+ k|jSQmf k'ik /fpt, !! sf j8f cWoIf lji0f' lwtfn, !@ sf j8f cWoIf xs{ tfdfª, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf ;fdflhs zfvf k|d'v ljb'/ uf}td nufPtn] dGtAo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf w'lnv]n gu/sf % j6f j8fx?nfO{ k|wfgdGqL s]kL zd{f cf]nLn] @)&^ kmfu'g % ut] afnd}qL j8f 3f]if0ff ug{'ePsf] hfgsf/L lbO{Psf] lyof] .

pTs[i6 k|lzIfsdf /fhdlGb/ ag]kf÷sfe|] cfO{l6Pkm t]SjfG8f]sf ;+:yfks cWoIf /fh dlGb/ >]i7 of] jif{sf] g]kfn clw/fHoe/ df pTs[i6 k|lzIfs 5flgg' ePsf] 5 . g]kfn cGt/fli6«o t]SjfG8f] dxf;3+sf] @# cf} jflif{s lbj;sf] lbgdf >]i7nfO{ pkflw ;lxt ;Ddflgt ul/Psf] lyof] . To;} u/L /f]Nkf cfO{ l6 Pkm t]SjfG8f] ;3+ 4f/f cfof]lht /f]Nkf v'Nnf h'lgo/ cgnfO{

t]SjfG8f] k|ltof]lutfdf sfe|] cfO{l6 Pkm sf zzf+s gflkt uf]N8 d]8n,s[lt zfSo, l;Ne/ d]8n / ;fO{gf >]i7n] l;Ne/ d]8n k|fKt u/]sf lyP . sfe|] cfO{ l6 Pkm sf o'lg; uf}td k'?if tkm{ g]kfnsf] ;jf{]s[i6 v]nf8Ldf 5gf}6 ePsf 5g\ .

ag]kf÷;d[l4sf nflu ;fd'bflos jg, pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj a[4Ldf of]ubfg eGg] gf/fsf ;fy ;fd'bflos jg /fli6«o lbj;sf] cj;/df dfgj jGohGt' åGåsf ;jfndf afudtL k|b]zsf] pBf]u ko{6g jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno, l8lehg ag sfof{no, ;fd'bflos ag pkef]Qmf dxf;+3 afudtL k|b]zn] cGt{lqmof u/]sf] 5 . pBf]u ko{6g jg tyf aftfj/0f dGqL c?0fs'df/ g]kfnn] hgtfnfO{ ljZjf; ul/Psf ;a} sfo{x? ;kmn ePsfn] hgtfsf] ljZjf;df x/]s sfo{x? ul/g' kg{] atfpg' eof] . hgtfnfO{ aflx/ /fv]/ ul/Psf ;a} sfo{x? c;kmn ePsfn] jg If]q a9\g' hgtfsf] k|ToIf ;xeflutf /x]sf] dGqL g]kfnn] atfpg' eof] . g]kfnL hgtfsf] hLjg kl/jt{g / cfly{s ;d[4sf nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d'xx? ;lqmo ePsfn] ;fd'bflos agx?nfO{ cfly{s a[4Lsf nflu pkfh{gsf If]qdf ;xeflu u/fpFb} hfg' kg{] dGqL g]kfnn] atfpg' eof] . afudtL k|b]z ;/sf/n] !) nfv lj?jf k|ltjif{ pTkfbg ug{] nIo lnPsf] atfpFb} dGqL g]kfnn] a[Iff/f]k0fnfO{ kmnkm'n tyf cGo tTsfn pTkfbg lbg] vfnsf pTkfbg;Fu hf]l8g' kg{] atfpg' eof] . sf7sf] d'No a[4L c:jefljs ePsf] atfpFb} dGqL g]kfnn] d'No a[4L ck|fs[lts /

c:jefljs ePsfn] tTsfn sf7sf] d'No 36fpg] u/L sfo{ ug{ ;'emfj lbg' eof] . sfo{qmddf l8lehg ag sfof{no sfe|]sf k|d'v b]ljrGb| kf]v/]nn] l8lehg ag dftxt ul/g] sfo{sf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . jg ;+/If0f;Fu} tLg txsf ;/sf/;Fusf] ;dGjo, gful/sx?nfO{ k|ToIf nfe x'g] vfnsf sfo{qmd ug{' kg{] kf]v/]nn] atfpg' eof] . dGqfnosf clws[t gj/fh k'8f;}gLsf cg';f/ ul/jL Go"lgs/0f / pTkfbgdf ;fd'bflos jgx?sf] pNn]Vo e"ldsf 5 . sfoq{mddf lhNnfsf pTsi[6 ;fdb'\ flos / sal'notL agx?nfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] eg] ljleGg hftsf lj?jfx?sf] aI[ff/fk]0f ul/Psf] 5 . sfoq{mddf ;fdb'flos jg pkefQ]mf dxf;3+ afutL kb|z ] sf cWoIf ljgfb] ;fksf6]fn] afutdL kb|z ] leq /xs ] f $ xhf/ % ;o !@ ;fdb'flos jgnfO{ cfo cfhg{df hf8]g\' kg]{ atfpg' eof] . sfoq{mddf l8lehg ag sfofn { osf ;xfos jg clwst[ uf/}j e§n] ;r + fng ug'{ ePsf] sfoq{mddf kb|z ] ;ef ;b:ox?, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt sfes |] f kd|v ' p4j s;]L, gu/ kd|v ' x? czfs ] Aof~h,' nIdLg/l;+ afb,] kd|v ' lhNnf clwsf/L >j0fsd'f/ ltdlN;gf nufotsf] ;xeflutf /xs ] f] lyof] .

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

/f]zL ufp“kflnsf ufp“ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no s6'~h]a]zL, sfe|] jfudtL k|b]z, g]kfn

ufp“ k|x/L kbsf] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfTds kl/Iffsf] lj1fkg

hGd M !(*$.!!.@%

:juf{/f]x0f M @)&&.$.!&

k|yd k6s k|sflzt ldlt @)&&.)$.@^

:j= lzjjxfb'/ yfkf

o; /f]zL ufpFkflnsfsf] nflu lgDg adf]lhdsf] kbdf v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfsf] dfWodaf6 cf=a )&&.)&* sf] c;f/ d;fGt ;Ddsf] nflu s/f/ ;]jfdf lgo'lQm ug{'kg]{ ePsf]n] O{R5's gful/saf6 b/vf:t k]z ug{ of] ;'rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . qm=; lj1fkg g+ kb dfu kb ;+Vof ! #.)&&.)&* ufpF k|x/L sdf08/-k'?if_ ! @ $.)&&.)&* ufpF k|x/L;x– sdf08/ ! # %.)&&.)&* ufpF k|x/L hjfg !

7fs'/ s'df/L b}jL cfklQ 5fqfj[lQ cIfo sf]ifsf ;+:yfks lzjaxfb'/ yfkfsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf] cfh !# cf}+ lbgsf] k'0oltlydf d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ zf]s ;GtKt kl/jf/hgdf xflb{s ;da]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

!= kl/Iffsf] lsl;d M zfl//Ls tGb'?:tL / cGt/jftf{ @= kl/Iff s]G› M ;Dks{ ldltdf tf]lsg] 5 . #= pd]åf/sf] pd]/ xb M b/vf:t lbg] clGtd ldlt ;Dddf !* aif{ k'/f eO{ $% jif{ ggf3]sf] x'g' kg]{5 . $= of]Uotf M sdf08/sf] nflu slDtdf k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq tx / ;x–sdf08/ / hjfgsf] xsdf slDtdf P;=Pn=;L jf ;f] ;/x plQ0f{ u/L zfl//Ls tGb'?:t ePsf] . %= cg'ej M sdf08/sf] xsdf cjsf; k|fKt k|x/L ;xfos lgl/Ifs jf g]kfnL ;]gfsf] hdbf/ jf ;f] ;/xsf] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;'/Iff lgsfodf slDtdf # jif{ sfd u/]sf] / ;x–sdf08/ / hjfgsf] xsdf ;'/Iff lgsfosf] hjfg kbdf slDtdf # aif{sf] sfd u/]sf] / df]6/;fO{snsf] nfO{;G; k|fKt u/]sf] . ^= b/vf:t b:t'/ M sdf08/sf] xsdf ?= $))-rf/ ;o_ / cGosf] xsdf ?= #)) -tLg ;o_ &= b/vf:t lbg] clGtd ldlt M @)&&.)%.)* ut] sfof{no ;do leq *= b/vf:t a'emfpg] :yfgM /f]zL ufpFkflnsf sfof{no, k|zf;g zfvf . (= kl/Iff sfo{qmd M b/vf:t :jLs[t ePsf pd]åf/sf] zfl//Ls tGb'?:tLsf] kl/If0f kZrft cGt/jftf{sf] ldlt k|sfzg ul/g]5 . !)= ug{'kg]{ sfd M ;]jf ;Fu ;DalGwt TOR df tf]lsPsf] sfd . !!= tna M sdf08/sf] xsdf dfl;s ?= @@,))).–-afO{; xhf/_, ;x-sdf08/sf] xsdf ?= @),))).– -aL; xhf/_ / hjfgsf] xsdf ?= !*,))).– -c7f/ xhf/_ / jflif{s ?kdf ! dlxgfsf] tna a/fa/sf] rf8kj{ vr{ / kf]iffs eQf . !@= b/vf:t ;fy gfu/Lstfsf] k|ltlnlk, g]kfn ;/sf/sf] s'g} ;'/Iff lgsfodf sfd u/]sf] cg'ej k|df0fkq, z}lIfs of]Uotf tyf df]6/;fO{sn rnfpg ;Sg] / ;f]sf] nfO{;]G;sf] k|ltlnlk clgjfo{ ;+nUg ug{'kg]{5 . !#= /f]zL ufpFkflnsf If]qleqsf pd]åf/nfO{ ljz]if u|fxotf k|bfg ul/g]5 . !$= zfl//Ls kl/If0fsf] dfkb08 qm=; ! @ # $

ljj/0f prfO{ 5ftL jhg cfFvf kl/If0f

dfkb08 k'?if-Go'gtd_ % lkm6 @ OGr #!–## OGr %) s]=lh ±@ b]lv –@ eGbf sdhf]/ gePsf] jf ;f] ;/xsf] cfFvf hfFr l/kf]6{

!%= zfl//Ls tGb'?:tL M !))) ld6/ bf}8

dfkb08 dlxnf-Go'gtd_ % lkm6 ========= $@ s]=lh ±@ b]lv –@ eGbf sdhf]/ gePsf] jf ;f] ;/xsf] cfFvf hfFr l/kf]6{

lje]bsf] cGTo af]n]/ dfq x'“b}g n8\g' g} k5{ lje]bsf] cGTo af]n]/ dfq x'Fb}g . n]v]/ dfq klg x'Fb}g . n8\g' g} k5{ . g]kfnL hgtfn] cfGbf]ngaf6 ax'bn, nf]stGq, hgtGq, u0ftGq Nofof} . s;sf nfuL < s] sf nfuL < xfdLn] s] kfof+} < lje]bsf] cGt eof] < hgtfx¿n] g]tfsf] ;fy lbO{ /x\of}+ . ca slxn] ;Dd < hgtf ;dfg xs clwsf/af6 ;dfhdf lje]bsf] cGt x'g] slxn] < hgtfdf ;/sf/sf] cfef; x'g] slxn] < ;jf]{k/L hgtfsf] gf/f lbP/ cfh hgtfsf] hLjg:t/ tn tn g]tfx¿sf] eg] w]/} dfly dfly km/ssf] cfly{s pGgltsf] cj:yf b]lvPsf] 5 . hgtfsf] gfddf 7'nf 7fn' g} emg} 7'nf x'Fb} uO{ /x]sf 5g\ . o;/L 7"nf] / ;fgf]sf] lje]bsf] vf8n emgemg} a9\b}5 æ7'nf]n] ;fgf]nfO{ x]K5 .Æ of] ;To s'/f xf] . xfdL :jfledfgL ag]/ jsfnt u5f}{ . Hofg hfcf];\ arg ghfcf];\ . æxfdL g]kfnL jL/ uf]vf{nLÆ eg]/ lrlgG5 . of] cfjfh d/]sf] 5}g . xfdL ad, af?b, aGb'ssf] cufl8 v's'/L lnP/ hfO{ nfU5f+} . cfb]zsf] kfngf u5f+}{ . æd/] v/fgL afFr] axfb'/Æ eg]/ sxnfpF5f} oxL g} xf] xfd|f] jL/ uf]vf{nLsf] klxrfg ePsf] 5 . cfˆgf] b]zdf d]xgt u/L sfd u/L vfg] jftfj/0f 5}g . ljb]zL e"lddf

Hofnf dhb'/L u/]/ kx/]bf/sf] hfuL/df kl/jf/ v';L agfpF5f} . b]zsf] cy{tGq oxL /]ld6]G; / hgtfsf] s/ af6 b]z rn]sf] 5 eGbf cGoyf gxf]nf Û b]z l6s] s} 5 . /fHo ;Qf rn]s} 5 . sf]/f]gfsf] dxfdf/Ldf klg g]tf / sfo{stf{x¿ cfˆgf] ;Qf rnfpg / arfpg dl/xt] u/L /x]sf 5g\ . b]z ljsf; eGbf klg g]tfx¿ cfˆg} xfnLd'xfnLsf] ;Qf kbsf] nflu bf}8w"k u/L /x]sf 5g\ . ;Qfdf /xFbf / ;Qfaf6 aflxl/Fbf x'g] lje]b :jod\ g]tfx¿n] ef]uL ;s]sf 5g\ . ;Qfdf /xg] s} /fHo Û h;sf] zlQm p;sf] elQm Û x'g]n] h] ubf{ klg x'g] of] b]zdf Gofo k|0ffnL dfyL g} k|Zg p7]sf] 5 . >LdtL xTofsf] h3Go ck/fwdf cfhLjg sf/fjf; ;hfo kfPsf] JolQm cbfntsf] cfb]zaf6 cf7 jif{ kl5 g} h]n d'Qm x'G5 . oxfF xhf/f}F dflg; s}bL hLjg latfO{ /x]sf 5g\ . lagf ck/fw klg h]ndf ;8]sf a]s;'/ dflg;x¿sf] Gofo kfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . xTof lx+;f anfTsf/sf 36gfx¿ lbgx'F al9/x]sf 5g\ . 36gfsf] 9fs5f]k ub{5g\ . lje]b sxfF ePsf] 5}g < 7'nf] b]z ef/tn] ;fgf] b]z xfdLnfO{ x]k]sf] lje]b vf]Hg sfnfkfgL hfg' kb}{g . 7'nf]n] ;fgf]nfO{ x]k]sf] lje]b k|z:t} 5g\ . sf]/f]gfsf] eofjx l:ylt cfpg ;S5 . pkTosfaf6 aflxl/g] dflg;x¿ ca km]/L lelqFb} 5g\ . hf]lvd

hob]z >]i7 a9\b} 5 . pkTosf k:g] gfsfx¿ r]s hfFr x]bf{ nfU5 of] s'g kl/kf6L xf] < r]s hfFr s]sf] nflu xf] < oxfF dflg; dflg;df lje]b ePsf] 5 . s'g} gLlt lgod 5}g . l5gl5gdf r]s hfFrsf] k|lqmof km]n abn x'G5 . zlQm / kfj/sf] e/df gfsf l5g]{ kf;df lje]b x'G5 . eg]/ ;fWo 5}g . r]s hfFr ug]{ :jo+ k|x/L k|zf;gnfO{ klg lrQ a'‰bf] 5}g . dflysf] cfb]z eg]/ af6f] lx8g\] a6'jf b]vL ;jf/L ;fwgdf cfpg] cfd dflg;x¿n] lje]bsf] ;fdgf u/]sf 5g\ . lrQ ga'em]sf] s'/f af]Ng] sxfF < cfˆgf] ;d:of a'emL lbg] s;n] < x]bf{ b]Vbf tfh's nfUb5 . sfe|]sf] l;dfgf ;fFuf r]s kf]:6 /flvPsf] 5 . af6f] 9's]/ uf8L ofq'x¿nfO{ kmsf{pg] sfd ub{5 . ofq'x¿nfO{ cf]/fNg] lxF8fpg] cg]s k|lqmofdf sf]/f]gfsf] hf]lvd emg} a9]sf] 5 . s] sf]/f]gfn] cfd dflg;x¿df lje]b unf{ t Û r]s hfFr ug]{ JolQmx¿ slt ;'/lIft xf]nfg\ < pgLx¿af6 klg c?df ;d]t sf]/f]gf ;g]{ qf; a9]sf] 5 . lgod / gLltsf] plrt kfngf ePsf] 5}g . pkTosf l5g]{ r]s hfFr sfe|]sf] l;dfgfdf cfP/ s8f r]s hfFr u/]sf 5g\ . slxn] k7fpg] slxn] gk7fpg] sf]/f]gf kL;Lcf/ 6]:6 ;d]t lng] u/]sf 5g\ . clxn] a]n'sL ;ft ah] b]vL laxfg ;ft ah] ;Dd k|j]z lgif]w eGg] u/]sf 5g\ t/ s'g ;jf/L ;fwg k7fpg] s'g gk7fpg] lglZrt 5}g . ofq'x¿ af6f] lx8\g nufP/ hgtfx¿n] b'Mv kfO{ /x]sf 5g\ . ;fFufsf] :yfgLo JolQmx¿df sf]/f]gfsf] ;Gqf; hf]lvd a9fPsf] 5 . ufO{hfqf ;dodf ufO{ hfqf rfnf Û sfe|]sf] gfsf ;fFufdf pkTosfaf6 aflxl/g] ;jf/L ;fwgdf s8f r]s hfFr u/]sf] kfOFb}g . s] pkTosfaf6 l5g]{ JolQmx¿af6 cGoq sf]/f]gf ;g]{ ;Defjgf x'Fb}g < a]n'sL ;ft ah] kl5 k|j]z lgif]w eG5g\ . pkTosfaf6 lgaf{w ¿kdf c¿ uf8Lx¿ sfe|]df k|j]z u/L /x]sf] x'G5g\ . o;/L pkTosf l5g]{ / aflxl/g]df lje]b lsg < pkTosfaf6 aflxl/g]x¿df sf]/f]gf x'Fb}g / Û ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ of] r]s hfFr xfd|f] nfuL g} ePsf] xf] eGg] cfef; hgtfx¿n] kfpg' kYof{] . hfg' x'Fb}g . aGb ;a}sf nfuL aGb xf] . ;a}n] lgodsf] kfngf ug{' kb{5 . /fhdfu{ aGb elgP klg ToxL af6f]af6 cfPsf ;jf/L ;fwg k6s k6s kmls{P/ km]/L ToxL af6f]af6 l5g]{ ub{5g\ . cfPsf ofq' b]vL ;a} dflg;x¿ cGo af6f] eP/ cfjthfjt ul//x]sf 5g\ . Joj;flos lgdf{0f ljsf;sf] sfdsf] nfuL eg]/ l6k/ cGo uf8L b]vL lnP/ b}lgs xhf/f}F uf8Lx¿ cfjt hfjt eO{ /x]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/ k|zf;gsf] sfd xfQLsf] b]vfpg] bfFt h:t} ePsf] 5 .

>L/fd yfkf ;efklt tyf

7fs'/ s'df/L b}jL cfklQ 5fqfj[lQ cIfo sf]if kl/jf/

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

kgf}tL %, ;'AafufpF

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

hGd M !(*@.^.&

:juf{/f]x0f M @)&&.$.@! :j= OGb|dfof v8\uL

o; ljBfnosf ;xfos k|wfgfWofks lbn'/fd v8\uLsf] ddtfdoL dftf OGb|dfof v8\uLsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ zf]s ;GtKt kl/jf/hgdf xflb{s ;da]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

hGd M !(*$.!!.@%

:juf{/f]x0fM @)&&.$.!& :j= lzjjxfb'/ yfkf

k"j{ c~rn Gofoflwz tyf g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO{6L ;'AafufpF pkzfvfsf P;P;s/ ;b:o lzjaxfb'/ yfkfsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf] cfh !# cf}+ lbgsf] k'0oltlydf d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ zf]s ;GtKt kl/jf/hgdf xflb{s ;da]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

>L/fd yfkf ;efklt tyf

k|wfgfWofks tyf

sflnsf dfWolds ljBfno kl/jf/ w'lnv]n g=kf=–!), zf/bfatf;], sfe|]

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO{6L ;'Aafufp“ pkzfvf kl/jf/ kgf}tL–%, sfe|] :j= rGb|axfb'/ tfdfª xfd|f cfTdLo ldq lbk]z tfdfªsf] k"hgLo lktf rGb|axfb'/ tfdfªsf] @)&& ;fpg ( ut] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ zf]s ;GtKt kl/jf/hgdf xflb{s ;da]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

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motiramtimalsina@gmail.com

oxfF h'Qf, rKkn, Hofs]6, lhG; kfOG6 nufot cGo km]G;L ;fdfgx? kfOG5 .

jif{ @^ c+s $@ @)&& ;fpg @( ut] ljxLjf/

sljtf d]/f] syf,d]/f] Joyf ;do / cj:yf

klUng] dgdf kf}8L v]Ng] :jfyL{x?sf] dhfs klxnf] e]6d} pgn] dnfO{ glhs eP/ w]/} jif{ b]lv ;uF} /x]sf] h:tf] Aojxf/ b]vfP . sIff * k9\b} pgsf] cleefjsTjn] dnfO{ ;fRFr} e'nfof] .

3/df ePsf a'af cfdf, bfO{ efph' / Oi6ldq eGbf pgL glhssf] AolQm h:tf] cg'e'lt eof] . dgdf Ps vfnsf] sfps'tL nfUof] . ef]s 5}g t/ ef]s nfu]sf] cg'ej eof] . Kof; 5}g t/ ltvf{sf] cg'ej eof] .

56\kl6n] dg eflF8of] . c? dfG5]sf] jf:t} nfu]g . ;a} dfG5]x? d]/f lj?4 5g\ eGg] ;f]r cfpg yfNof] . !$ jif{sf] pd]/d} cfPsf] kl/jt{gn] dnfO{ eljZosf] ;'vb\ cg'e"lt x'G5 eGg] nflu/x]sf] lyPg . j:t' eP klg afwF]/ /fVg', dfG5] eP/ dgnfO{ afWFg g;Sg' d]/f] sdhf]/L lyof] . e'n lyof] . hLjgsf] klxnf] ulNt g} Tolx lyof] . sIff ( df cWoog ubf{ pgn] k|]d k|:tfj ;lxtsf] nfdf] lr7L k7fP . k9\g} v'Nb'nL / rf;f] nfUof] . olt w]/} k]hdf s] 5 < ljBfnoaf6 xtf/ xtf/ 3/ uPF . tTsfn} k9]/ ;lsb}g lyof] . 3/df uP/ a'af cfdfn] /fvL lbPsf] vfhf vfP/ uf]7sf] wGbf, v]tdf ePsf v]tfnfx?nfO{ vfhf, a]n'sfsf] vfgf, ljBfnosf] u[xsfo{ ;s]kl5 dfq} kq x]g{] of]hgf agfPF . Tof] ;a} sfd slta]nf ;lsof] kQf] ePg . lsgsL d]/f] dgdf dfq kqsf] ofb 5 . ToxfF leqsf sf]l/Psf zAbx?sf] lh1f;f 5 . st} d]/f] efjgf dfly 7]; t nfUg] x}g < d}n] dg dg} dg k/fP klg p;n] dg k/fPg ls < jf c? s]lx To:t} To:t} s'/fn] dge/L w]/} s'/fx? v]Ng yfn] . ;d'Gb|df slt df5fx? kf}l8/xG5g\ xf]nf < d]/f] dg Tof] ;d'Gb| / ;d'Gb|df kf}l8g] tdfd a:t'x? eGbf w]/} p2]lnt aGof] . /f]Sg ;lsgF . vfgf klg w]/} vfg dg nfu]g . u[xsfo{ klg c? lbgsf] h:tf] hfuF/ rnfO{gF . Xof a? ef]ln ljBfnod} uP/ u5{' lg s] ef] t < o:t} s'/fn] dnfO{ l5§} cf]5\ofgdf k'¥ofof] . ;a} lgbfO;s]sf lyP . k'ifsf] dlxgf lyof] . l5§} /ft kg{] ePsfn] ;a} & ah] g} cf–cfkm\gf] cf]5\ofgdf lyP . Tof] ;do /ftsf] * ah]sf] lyof] xf]nf . d}n] lj:tf/} kq vf]n]+ . kqsf] z'?d} n]lvPsf, sf]l/Psf / cf6{ ul/Psf cIf/x? d]/} hLjgsf nflu ;lhPsf] h:tf] nflu/x]sf] lyof] .

Kofhsf kq vf] n ] h :t} kfgfx? kN6fpFb} uPF . d]/f] hLjgsf af/]df olt w]/} glhsaf6 a'em]sf] /x]5 ;fob d]/f] hGd lbg] afa' cfdfn] klg Tolt w]/} a'em\g ;do kfpg' ePsf] lyPg xf]nf . x'g t sf]lx dfG5] dg k¥of] eg] To;sf x/]s s[ofsnfkx?sf] lgu/fgL ug{', p;sf ;a} s'/fx? dg kg{' :jefljs xf] . cfh ef]nL 9f]+uL k|]dsf] w]/} AofVof ul/G5 . zfl//Ls ;Dks{ /flv;Sbf ;d]t lt dfG5]x? aLr k|]dsf] s'/} x'Fb}g . k|]d ;:tf] eO;s]sf] 5 . zfl//Ls af;gfsf nflu ul/g] k|]dn] dfG5]nfO{ st} g st} nu]/ e8\vfnf]df k'¥ofPs} x'G5 . cem k|]dnfO{ efjgfdf eGbf klg zfl//Ls af;gfdf k|of]u ug{]x?n] lgi7fk"j{s Tofu / ;dk{0f ug{]x?nfO{ cf]em]ndf dfq} k'¥ofPsf] 5}g . aflx/ aflx/ l7Ss kfg{], leqleq} k|]dsf] gfddf Kof;

d]6fpg]x?sf] hdft a9fPsf] 5 . kqdf pNn]v ePsf k|To]s zAbdf k|]dsf] efj lyof] . hLjgsf af/]df w]/} s'/f AofVof ul/Psf] lyof] . cNnf/] g} lyPF . !% jif{sf] pd]/df d}n] w]/} s'/f hfg]sf] t lyOgF t/ s] ;lx xf] s] unt xf] eg]/ lg0f{o ug{ g;s] klg a'em\g] eg] e};s]sf] lyPF . cfdfsf] & jif{sf] pd]/df ljjfx ePsf] eg]/ ;'gfpFbf syf h:t} nfUbYof] . cfkm' !% jif{sf] x'Fbf ;d]t Tof] af/]df a'em]sf] 5}g eGbf stf stf s]6fs]6L g} 5' ls h:tf] nfUbYof] . kq ;lsP nuQ} l;/s u'6'd'6' agfP/ lgbfpg] k|of; u/]+ . ;lsgF . alQ lgefPF . t/ p;sf] cg'xf/ cuf8L cfO{/x\of] . lg:k6 cFWof/f]df b]lvPsf] p;sf] cg'xf/df d}n] k|]d b]v]+ . dfof b]v]+ . d]/f] eljZo b]v]+ . cflv/ 5f]/L dfG5] xf] Ps lbg s;}sf] 3/df hfg} 5 eg] lsg p;sf] :jR5 k|]dsf] efjdf ;xefuL gx'g] < ;'g;fg lyof] . h'?Ss p7]+ . alQ afn]+ / sfkLsf] aLr kfgfdf cIf/x? sf]g{ yfn]+ . p;sf] h:tf] ;flxTo t d}n] hflggF . t/ dgb]lv pn{]sf] k|]dsf] efjnfO{ l;lgQ} kfl/lbPF . ef]lnkN6 p;sf] cg'xf/ x]g{ / p;nfO{ e]6]/ Tof] kq lbg cft'/ lyPF . lbpF;f] ! ah] dfq} Tof] df}sf ldNof] . p sIff !) df lyof] . glhs} cfPsf] 6]i6 / P;Pn;L tof/Lsf nflu ljBfno ljbf x'g] tof/L lyof] . dnfO{ emg} w8\sg al9/x]sf] lyof] . s;/L of] dfG5];Fu ;w} e]6 eO/xg] xf]nf < s'/f To:tf] ePg . plgx?

6\o';gsf nflu klg ljBfno cfpg yfn] . @)%& df3 !! ut] cf}krfl/s ?kdf xfd|f] k|]d ;DaGw z'? eof] . p;sf] d k|ltsf] ;b\efj / /]vb]vn] d e't'Ss} ePF . a'af cfdf ;d]t ddf cfPsf] kl/jt{gn] 5Ss kl//xg' ePsf] lyof] . p;sf] P;Pn;L ;lsof] d sIff !) df k'u]+ . k9fO{ vf;} g/fd|f] lyPg . b'j} hgf P;Pn;L /fd|f];Fu plt{0f ug{ ;Sg] x}l;otdf lyof}+ . geGb} kl/0ffd klg To:t} cfof] . b'j} hgf bf]>f] >]0fLdf kf; eof}+ . P;Pn;L lbP/ p;sf] vfnL ;do lyof] . slxn]sfFlx dnfO{ ljBfno k'¥ofpg / lng hfg] ub{Yof] . w]/} k6s ufpFsf dfG5]x?n] b]v]kl5 dnfO{ 3/af6 s8f ul/g yflnof] . k|]d gu/ eg]/ eGbf klg afa' cfdfsf] OHhtsf] Vofn ug{' eGb} . ljbfsf] lbg p / d ;Fu} kfvf]df 3fF; lng hfg] u/]sf lyof}+ . hf8f]sf] ljbf lyof] . xfdL b'j} hgf agdf bfp/f lng hfg] of]hgf agfof}+ . slxNo} agdf hfg dg gug{] ePsfn] klg dnfO{ s/ ug{' x'Gg lyof] . t/ To; lbg agdf hfg nfu]sf] b]v]/ cleefjsx? 5Ss kg{' eof] . ljxfg vfgf vfP/ agdf uPsf xfdL ;fFem dfq} kmls{of}+ . agdf xfdLn] w]/} ld7f ld7f s'/fx? cfbfg k|bfg u¥of}+ . eljZosf ;kgf a'Gof}+ . Psn] csf{]nfO{ slxNo} wf]sf glbg] afrf u¥of}+ . jgdf ePsf tdfd xfd|f ukm / ;Demf}tfsf ;fIfL ag] . ;Fu} /x]sf] ?vdf n]v]/ xfdLn] afrf s;d u¥of}+ . k|]dn] pGdQ xfdL b'j} Ps csf{df lng eof}+ . zAb, kqaf6 AoQm ul/Psf] k|]d ;fFRr} Tof] lbg kf]lvPsf] lyof] . Aojxf/d} xfdL klxnf] k6s k|]ddf lng

ePsf lyof}+ . k|]dsf] cg'e"ltdf /dfPsf lyof}+ . ;+;f/ ljl;{Psf lyof}+ . To;af6 kg{] k|efj / ;d:ofsf af/]df xfdL cgle1 lyof}+ . Tof] cgle1tfn] g} xfdLnfO{ k|]ddf kfun agfPsf] lyof] . s]lx lbg kl5 ufpFdf xNnf km}lnof] . ljjfx ug{] tof/L tTsfn lyPg . sIff !) df cWoog ub{} ePsfn] dnfO{ xtf/ ePsf] lyPg . p;sf] Gofgf] c+ufnf]df a]l/g kfpg] d]/f] ;kgf p;n] k"/f ul/;s]sf] lyof] . P;Pn;L plQ0f{ eP nuQ} p zx/df sn]h k9\g uof] . Tof] aLrdf d}n] p;sf] ;kmntfsf] sfdgf ul//x]+ . p;n] d]/f] cWoognfO{ ;xof]u ul//x\of] . P;Pn;L ;lsb} lyof] . d}n] ls t efUg' k¥of] ls t p;nfO{ 5f8\g' k¥of] . xfd|f] uf]q Pp6} /x]5 . plta]nf xfdLnfO{ Tof] s'/f s;}n] ;'gfPg . jf xfdLn] ;f]Wg] ;fx; klg u/]gf}+ . Pp6} uf]q ePsf AolQmx? aLr ljjfx ug{' x'Fbf] /x]g5 . y/ km/s ePkl5 ljjfx ug{ x'G5 eGg] xfd|f] sfFrf] a'l4 lyof] . k|]dn] g hft eGbf] /x]5, gq uf]q . k¥of] km;fb\ . Ps /ft a'afn] dnfO{ w]/} ;Demfpg' eof] . ltdLx? b'O{sf] ;DaGwnfO{ lnP/ d}n] hlt tgfj Aoxf]g{' k¥of] Tof] ltdLx?n] Aoxf]g{' gk/f];\ . h] h] eof] eof] ca 5fl8b]p b'j}hgf . ltdLx? Ps csf{sf] ;fyL eof}+ . ljjfxsf nflu ;dfhn] klg gl:jsfg{] ePsfn] an gu/ . a'afsf s'/f s]lx xb;Dd l7s} lyP . t/ xfdLn] Ps csf{nfO{ arg lbO;s]sf lyof}+ . xfdL a? cfsfz v;f];\, wtL{ kmf6f];\ xfd|f] k|]d cd/ /xg]5 . Pscsf{ lagf xfdL afFRg} ;Sb}g lyof}+ . a'afn] ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj, cleefjsTj u|x0f ul//xFbf ;d]t xfdLn] a]jf:tf u¥of}+ . xfdL s'g} xfntdf klg ljjfx gu/L a:g ;Sb}g lyof}+ . p pRr lzIff cWoogsf nflu zx/df a:bf ;d]t p;sf] sf]7fdf uP/ sof}+ lbg a;]sL 5' . s;}n] yfxf gkfpg] u/L p;sf] sf]7fdf /ft ljtfPsf] 5' . a'afn] w]/} s/ u/]kl5 xfdL Hof]ltifsf]df uof}+ . Hof]ltifn] ljjfx s;}n] /f]Sg ;Sb}g t/ b'O{j6f ;Gtfg ePkl5 ltdLx? Ps csf{] aLr cfkm} 5'l§G5f} elg lbP . xfdLn] s]lx s'/f ;'Gof}+ . w]/} s'/f ldNof] s]lx ldn]g . Hof]ltif x]/fof] dg 8/fof] eGb} xfdL b'O{n] cfkm\g} lg0f{o u¥of}+ . p;sf] kl/jf/ klg ;DkGg lyof] . kl/jf/sf] klxnf] ;Gtfg . a'af cfdfsf] afhf ahfP/ ljjfx ug{] / a'xf/L leq\ofpg] pTs6 rfxgfdf p;n] klg t'iff/fkft ub{} lyof] .

P;Pn;L lbP/ zx/ cfPsf] d kmls{P/ 3/} uOgF . cfdf a'afnfO{ d}n] p;Fu ljjfx u/]+ eg]/ kq n]v]/ k7fOlbPF . otf d]/f] dlxgfjf/L /f]lsPsf] b'O{ dlxgf e};s]sf] lyof] . p;sf] 3/af6 xfdLnfO{ k"0f{ ;fy lyof] . s]lx ;do xfd|f] af/]df s'/f sf6] kl5 sf]lx af]n]g . uf]q Pp6} ePsf] s'/f s]lx AolQmn] yfxf kfP w]/}n] k|]dsf] ;kgf k"/f u/] eg]/ v'zL klg eP . s]lx b'MvL klg eP k|]d ;kmn ePsf]df . ;dfhdf cg]s vfnsf dfG5]x? x'Fbf /x]5g\ c?sf] ;kmntf b]lv g;xg] dfG5]x?n] xfdL aLr b/f/ Nofpg cg]s k|oTg u/] . Tof] 3/

xfdLn] Ps csf{nfO{ arg lbO;s]sf lyof}+ . xfdL a? cfsfz v;f];\, wtL{ kmf6f];\ xfd|f] k|]d cd/ /xg]5 . Pscsf{ lagf xfdL afFRg} ;Sb}g lyof}+ . a'afn] ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj, cleefjsTj u|x0f ul//xFbf ;d]t xfdLn] a]jf:tf u¥of}+ . xfdL s'g} xfntdf klg ljjfx gu/L a:g ;Sb}g lyof}+ . p pRr lzIff cWoogsf nflu zx/df a:bf ;d]t p;sf] sf]7fdf uP/ sof}+ lbg a;]sL 5' . s;}n] yfxf gkfpg] u/L p;sf] sf]7fdf /ft ljtfPsf] 5' . leq}af6 x'Fbf] /x]5 . cfkmGt}af6 x'Fbf] /x]5 . zq'x?af6 w]/}nfO{ ;xh g} x'g] /x]5 t/ ldq'x?af6 aRg sl7g /x]5 . slxn] dnfO{ To;sf] csf{] s]6L 5 eGg] slxn] p;nfO{ p;sf] csf{] s]6f 5 eGg] < gePsf] klg xf]Og . ?kdf d ;'Gb/ lyPF . lhp8fn ldn]sf] . pd]/ a9\b} ubf{, hjfgL l5lKkb} ubf{ s'g} rfFlx 5f]/L dfG5]nfO{ s]6fx?n] cfFvf gnufpnfg\ . t/ b'j} hgfn] Ps csf{nfO{ cfPsf k|:tfj / ePsf ;a} s'/f ;f6f;f6 x'g] u/]sf] lyof] . xfdLnfO{ 5'6fpg vf]Hg]x? b]lv xfdL ;ts{ lyof}+ . ljjfx eof] . klxnf] ;Gtfg 5f]/f hlGdof] . s]lx ;do dnfO{ a'af cfdfn] dfO{tLdf af]nfpg' ePg . a'af cfdf g xf] 5f]/f5f]/Lk|ltsf] dfof kmls{xfN5 . lng cfpg' eof] . efO{ alxgL kl9/x]sf lyP . bfO{ efph'n] Tolt /fd|f] Aojxf/ ug{' ePg . t/ klg s]lx dlxgf ;'Ts]/L a;]/ 3/ kmls{PF . pgL sf7df8f}sf] Knfl:6s sf/vfgfdf sfd ug{ yfn]sf lyP . pgsf] cfO{sd ;lsPsf] lyof] . d}n] klg egf{ rfFlx u/]+ t/ cfkm\g} sf/0f k9\g hfg ;lsgF . dfl;s ^ xhf/ ?k}ofFn] xfdLnfO{ sf]7f ef8f lt/]/ vfg k'lu/x]sf] lyof] . slxn] 3/ slxn] stf ubf{ ub{} xfdL v'zLd} /dfO/x]s} lyof}+ . b]j/sf] ljjfx eof] . gGbsf] klg k|]d ljjfx eof] . a'af cfdf v]lt ls;fgL ul/g} /xg' ePsf] lyof] . d}n] klg aRrf x's{b} uPsfn] s]lx ug{' k5{ eGg] ;f]lr/x]sf] lyPF . t/ km]/L k]6df ue{ cfP5 . csf{] ;Gtfg ghlGdO{ s]lx gug{] ;Nnfx cg';f/ s]lx sfd ul/gF . 5f]/Lsf] hGd eof] . b'O{ ;Gtfg ePkl5 xfdLn] c? ;Gtfgsf] rfxgf u/]gf}+ . ;Nnfx cg';f/ g} d}n] kl/jf/ lgof]hg u/]+ . lj:tf/} ;Gtfgx? x's{b} uP .

3/df xfdLnfO{ leGg} /flvof] . cfkm\gf] efudf k/]sf] hldg c?nfO{ sdfpg lbP/ xfdL sf7df8f} g} a:g yfNof}+ . b]zdf rs{bf] åGå lyof] . ufpFdf cfP/ sfd u/]/ vfg ;Sg] cj:yf klg lyPg . lsgsL xfdLn] v]ltkftLdf w]/} b'Mv u/]sf klg lyPgf}+ . ;do ;w} cfkm\g} of]hgfdf rNbf] /x]g5 . slxn]sfFlx xfdL aLr v6k6 z'? eof] . sf/0f p Pp6fsf] sdfO{n] ;a} wfGg 5f8]sf] lyof] . d sfd ug{ hfg ;lSbgF lyPF . s'/f To;f] dfq} xf]Og /x]5 . s]6f dfG5]x? eg]sf :jfyL{ x'Fbf /x]5g\ . csf{] ?kjtL dlxnf b]vf kg{] ljltSs} 3/df ePsL hlt;'s} /fd|L ;'Gb/L lsg gxf]; r6Ss} lj;{g] . ;Fu} sfd ug{] Pp6L s]6L;Fu p;sf] k|]d ckm]o/ z'? eP5 . ljBfno hLjg

;ftfsf] /flzkmn -@)&& ;fpg @( ebf} #_ ;fKtflxs k~rf· d]if

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@(–@( ut] wg cfudgsf] gofF af6f] j[l4 xf]nf, #! ut] ;Dd ;do gs/fTds x'Fbf zq' j[l4 xf]nfg\, afFsL lbgdf z/L/df ;'v k|flKt ;fy} wg k|flKt xf]nf . dGq M ç b'+ b'uf{o gdM .

l;+x

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@(–#! ut] ;Dd k"/} /fHoaf6 ;'v k|flKt, Jofkf/af6 dg1 wg k|flKt x'g]5, ;f]daf/ vr{ a9\gfn] dgdf lvGgtf x'g]5, !–@ ut] pkxf/ cflb k|flKt x'g]5 . dGq M ç u+ u0fkto gdM . @(–#@ ut];Dd u'?ju{af6 ;'v k|flKt, hflu/df ;Ddfg k| f lKt, ;do cfkm\ g f] cg's"ndf ;fy} a}+s Jofn]G;df j[l4 xf]nf, afFsL lbg dfgl;s ;fy} zf/Ll/s kL8f xf]nf . dGq M ç lg+ lglvn+ lg+ ç M. cfh ;do ljk/Lt /x]sf] x'Fbf ckh; ;xg'sf] ;fy} dxfsi6 ;xg'knf{, afFsL lbgdf df+ulns sfo{df ;xeflutf, lktfsf] ;xof]u k|flKt ;fy} cfo j[l4 xf]nf . dGq M ç x|L+ a6's e}/jfo gdM . @(–@( ut];Dd Jofkf/ k|an wgnfe xf]nf, #)–#! ut];Dd /f]u / zq' j[l4 x'g]5g\, afFsL lbgdf efUof]bosf] ;do ;fy} OlR5t sfo{ l;l4 xf]nf . dGq M ç z+ zq'bdgfo km6\ M .

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cRo"tfgGb Hof]= cfo"j{]lbs cf}ifwfno,ag]kf, kgf}tL/f]8,uf]bfdrf]s, df]=g+= (*$!$#*$@#

@(–#! ut];Dd zq'efj ldqdf kl/0ft, Jofkf/ Joj;foaf6 nfe x'g]5, #@ ut] d[To't'No si6 cfOknf{, !–@ ut];Dd rflxF df+ulns sfo{ xf]nf . dGq M ç qmL+ qmL+ qmL+ ç .

@(–#@ ut];Dd cWoog cWofkgdf ?rL a9\g], dfg kb P]Zjo{ k|flKt, ldi7fGg ef]hg k|flKt ;fy} cfo j[l4 xf]nf, !–@ ut];Dd rflxF em'6f cf/f]k cfpnf . dGq M P]+ x|L+ P]+ ;/:jTo} gdM . @(–@( ut];Dd lrGtf ;fy} k]6df ljsf/ cfpnf, afFsLsf] lbgdf nfdf] ofqfsf] of]u, z/L/df :j:ytf, ld7fld7f k|]djftf{ nfe ;fy} 3/df zflGt x'g]5 . dGq M ç SnL+ sfo{l;4o] SnL+ gd M . ;ftfsf] dWo #)–@( ut];Dd b':jKg bz{g ;fy} lrQdf r+rntf cfpnf, afFsL lbgdf ;fx; / w}o{tf j[l4, kfl/jf/Ls ;'v k|flKt ;fy} ljk/Lt lnËaf6 ;'v k|flKt xf]nf . dGq M ç qmL+ sfNo} gd M .

b]lv k|]d u/]/ b'O{ b'O{j6f aRrfsf] afa' ag]sf] AolQm km]/L csL{ s]6L;Fu n;k; z'? ePkl5 d;Fu 7fs7's x'Fbf] /x]5 . z'?df d}n] u/]sf tdfd sfdx? p;sf nflu ;j{l:jsfo{ lyP . lj:tf/} dg kg{ 5f8\of] . cGttM plgx? aLr ljjfx eof] d k/]+ PSn} . dfO{tLdf hfpF s'g cg'xf/ lnP/ < 3/df hfpF sfd ug{ ;lSbg . sfd ug{ ;s] klg d}n] t Tof] nf]Ug] kfpg] cfwf dfq} xf] ca . dg g} gePkl5 nf]Ug] hftsf] sfqf] dfq} lsg lel//xg' < p;n] d]/f] dgdf lhpFb} cfuf] nufpF5 eg] d}n] lsg gnufpg] < b'O{ ;Gtfg Rofk]/ dfO{tL a;]+ s]lx lbg . dfO{tLdf a'af cfdfn] hlt ug{'eof] d d]/f] 5f]/f 5f]/Lx?sf nflu Tolt ug{ ;lSbgF . / a'af cfdfsf] C0f klg ltg{ ;lSbgF . pxfFx?s} ;Nnfxdf 5f]/f 5f]/LnfO{ glhs}sf] ljBfnodf egf{ u/]+ . s]lx jif{ plgx?s} ;fydf /x]+ . Hof]ltifn] eg]h:t} ljjfx eof] . ;Gtfg eof] t/ xfdL ;w} ;Fu} /xg ;s]gf}+ . Pp6} uf]qsf AolQmx?sf] ;DjGw lbuf] x'g ;Sb}g eGg] Hof]ltifsf] egfO{ oltv]/ d]n vfg uof] . x'g t k'?ifsf] dlt e|i6 ePkl5 s'g rfFlx ;DaGw lbuf] x'g ;S5 / < uf]qsf cfwf/df eGbf klg p;n] u/]sf] sd{ / d]/f] efUon] dnfO{ ToxfF k'¥ofof] . w]/} k9\g] c;n lzIfs aGg] d]/f] ;kgf Wj:t aGof] . s]lx ;do ;fpbL uPF . ToxfF # jif{sf] a;fO{ kl5 k'gMg]kfn kmls{PF . 5f]/f 5f]/Lx?sf] lzIff lbIffsf nflu Pp6f sfof{nodf sfof{no ;xof]uLsf] ?kdf sfd ul//x]sf] 5' . k'?ifx? efjgf a'em\g] eGbf klg zfl//Ls Kof; d]6fpg] k|of; ubf{ /x]5g\ . of] ;+;f/df nf]Ug]n] 5f8]sf] dlxnf eP/ afFRg' eGbf ckfË, czQm h] eP klg k'?if cfjZos /x]5 . dlxnfx?nfO{ x]g{] b[li6sf]0fdf ha;Dd kl/jt{g x'g ;Sb}g ta;Dd :jfledfg eP/ afFRg ;lsFbf] /x]g5 . h] h] kl/jt{gsf s'/f eP klg ;f]r kl/jt{g cfjZos 5 . x'g t w]/} dlxnfx? klg To:t} 5g\ . Pp6f k'?ifnfO{ dg k]6 / csf{] k'?ifnfO{ z/L/ ;'DkG5g\ . nf]Ug] dfG5]x?sf] k|]dsf] em'6 v]ltdf /dfpFbf d}n] h] ef]u]+ ef]u]+ k|]ddf kb{} u/]sf tdfd AolQmx?n] o:tf] ef]Ug' gk/f];\ .

;Gtf]ifL e'h]n bf]nvf -of] syf cfh ljxLjf/ a]ns ' f * ah]sf] :yfgLo ;dfrf/kl5 b]j/fh a8fnsf] ;fydf k|fO{d PkmPd !)$=% d]ufxh{df ;'Gg ;Sg'x'g]5 ._

;do / cj:yf kl/k'/s /x]5 kfgL / cfuf] h:t} ;donfO{ ultzLn agfpFbf] /x]5 cj:yfnfO{ 9nkn ubf]{ /x]5 kfgL ;dol;t} alu/xG5 cj:yf cf/f]x cj/f]x ef]lu/xG5 kfgL ;do xf] eg] cfuf] cj:yf xf] yf]kf yf]kf kfgLn] tnfp aG5 Ps lemNsf] cfuf]n] 8/]nf] nufpF5 ;dol;t} aUg ghfg] b'v kfpF5 cj:yf cfs+ng gu/] klg To:t} x'G5 k/:k/ ;DaGw c6'6 5 cfuf] / kfgLsf] clg ;do / cj:yfsf] bgbgL aN5 cfuf] lztntf lbG5 kfgL o'u agfpF5 ;do Oltxf; abN5 cj:yf kfgL lxdfnosf] a/bfg xf] cfuf] ;'o{sf] k|tfk xf] ;do k[YjLsf] kl/qmdf xf] cj:yf lbg / /ft xf] kfgLl;t cfuf] tls{G5 ;dol;t cj:yf ablnG5 .

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‘h'd’dfkm{t\ ‘;fOgf]’ sljtf s[lt ljdf]lrt ag]kf÷sljtfsf gofF :j?k af]s]/ cfPsf] …;fOgf]Ú ljwfsf b'O{6f sljtf ;ª\u|x 5fofbQ Gof}kfg] …au/Ú, s]zj 1jfnL …cfutÚ, v]dnfn kf]v/]n, ;Ltf ;'j]bL …kGyLÚ / afns'df/ If]qL …;fOgf]Úåf/f ;Dkflbttyf ;fOgf] jfª\do k|lti7fg g]kfnaf6 k|sflzt …;fOgf] ;f/lyÚ k':tssf] / slj xl/k|;fb rf}nfufO{+åf/f lnlvt …a|Xdf08Ú ;fOgf] ;ª\u|xsf] ljdf]rg ul/Psf] 5 . sfo{ q mdsf] pb3f6g hgdt jfª\do k|lti7fg g]kfnsf cWoIf tyf ;flxTosf/ df]xg b'jfnn] ug{' ePsf] lyof] . ;fy} b'O{6f k':ts nf]sfk{0f u/L sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{eof] . …h'dÚcgnfOg dfkm{t\ ;+rfng ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] ;efkltTj k|lti7fgsf cWoIf 5fofbQ Gof}kfg] …au/Ú n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ljz]if jQmfx?df ;dfnf]rsx? 8f=/fdk|;fb 1jfnL / 8f=tf/fsfGt kf08]n] sfJo ljwfdf b]vf k/]sf] gofF ?k …;fOgf]Ú af/] cf–cfˆgf wf/0ffx? /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;of}+ ;flxTosf/x? ;xefuL lyP . sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly b'jfnn] æ;fOgf] g]kfnL sljtfdf gf}nf] ?k ePsf] atfpg' eof] . ;fOgf]sf] Pp6f k':ts hgdt k|sfzgaf6 k|sflzt ug{ kfpFbf v';L nfu]sf] pxfFn] atfpg' eof] .

sf]le8–!( af6 hf]lug clgjfo{ ?kdf df:s nufcf}+ . ;do ;dodf ;fa'g kfgLn] xft w'g] u/f}+ . ljz]if sfdafx]s 3/aflx/ glg:scf}+

cf“vf c:ktfnsf] :jf:YosdL{x?nfO{ cled'vLs/0f agk]f÷/o]s ' fO{ POs { f] df;g'fuf cfv F f c:ktfnn] wl'nvn ] gu/kflnsf Ifq] leq /xs ] f :jf:Yo rfs } L cGtu{t xN]ykf:]6 / cfl]k8L OGrfhx{?sf nflu cfv F fsf] /fu]af/] Ps lbg] cledv ' Ls/0f tflnd pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . wl'nvn ] gu/kflnsf kd|v ' czfs ] Aof~hn ' ] tflndsf] pb3\f6g ub}{ :j:y zx/ wl'nvn ] gu/sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ /o]s ' fO{ cfv F f c:ktfn;uF cfv F f ;DjGwL /fu]sf lj/fdLx?sf] klxrfg / pkrf/ u/L ;xsfo{ ug]{ kl|tj4tf AoQm ug'{ eof] . …ul/a AolQmx?sf nflu pkrf/ ;j]fsf] kxrF' k¥'ofpg cfjZos 5Ú–gu/ k| d ' v czf] s Aof~h' n ] eGge'of–]…;db'fodf cfwfl/t :jf:Yo ;j]f pknAw u/fpg] u/L :j:y zx/sf] cjwf/0ff NofPsf xf+} .Ú gful/sx?sf] :jf:Yo ljdf, ljdfsf nflu cfjZos /sd, hi]7 gful/s, ckfËtf ePsf AolQmx? tyf ;LdfGtst[ ;db'fosf nflu ;xl'not pknAw u/fpbF}

AolQmn] ko|fu] ug]{ ;j]f tyf bl}gs hghLjgsf sf/0f xg'] /fu] /fs ] yfd / /fu] nflu;sk]l5sf] pkrf/sf] Aoj:yfnfO{ gu/kflnsfn] Wofg lbg] atfpg' eof] . kl|zIfs ljdn kf8}o\fnn] gk]fndf bl}gs ! ;o @% AolQm bl[i6ljlxg xg'] u/s ] f] atfpbF} bl[i6ljlxg xg' glbg cfdfsf] ue{ bl]v g} Vofn k¥'ofpgk'g]{ atfpg' eof] . sfoq{mddf gk]fn kqsf/ dxf;3+ sfe]| zfvfsf cWoIf dft]L/fd ltdlN;gf, c:ktfnsf ;lrj lx/fd0fL zdf,{ ;x–;lrj wde{Qm kw|fg, sfi]ffWoIf lbgz ] /fh sfoZy, wl'nvn ] gu/kflnsf :jf:Yo zfvf kd|v ' ;lGbk s;]L nufotn] lhNnfnfO{ g} dfl]tofljGb' /lxt agfpg] u/L sfo{ ugk'{g]{ atfpg' eof] . c:ktfnsf ;Nnfxsf/ czfs ] >i]7n] c:ktfn tyf ljleGg ;+ 3 ;+ : yfsf] ;xof] u df cfF v f;F u } afnaflnsfx?sf] d6'' :j:y /fVg, /fu] nfud]f pkrf/df ;xhLs/0f ug{, ckfË afnaflnsfx?sf] pkrf/df kxrF' gku's ] f] cj:yfdf ;xofu] ul//xs ] f] atfpg' eof] .

kgf}tL o'jf d~rn] u¥of] /Qmbfg sfo{qmd kgf}tL÷kgf}tL o'jf d~rn] cGt/f{li6«o o'jf lbj; /Qmbfg sfo{qmd u/]/ dgfPsf] 5 . æljZjJofkL sfo{sf nflu o'jf ;+nUgtfÆ eGg] gf/fsf ;fy o'jf d~rn] kgf}tL a;kfs{df /Qmbfg sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . kgf}tL o'jf d~rsf cWoIf ;f}uft a:g]tn] g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L sfe|] zfvfsf] k|fljlws ;xof]udf kgf}tL a;kfs{ d f /Qmbfg sfo{ q md ePsf] ]

hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . pxfFsf cg';f/ #) hgfn] /Qmbfg u/]sf lyP . sf]le8–!( sf sf/0f eL8ef8 ug{ gx'g] ePkl5 #) hgfn] dfq /Qmbfgdf ;xeflutf hgfPsf] a:g]tn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . /Qmbfg sfo{ q mddf kgf} t L gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v eLd Gof}kfg], g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L s]Gb|Lo ;b:o s'df/ yfkf, dbg e08f/L v]ns'b ;ldltsf cWoIf /fs]z nfdf nufotsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

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sd{rf/L cfjZostf ;DaGwL ;"rgf -k|yd k6s k|sflzt ldltM @)&& ;fpg @% ut] cfO{taf/_ /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o :t/df k'/:s[t Pj+ ACCESS Brand k|fKt u/L PlzofnL dfkb08df k'Ug ;kmn o; ;+:yfsf] nflu tkl;n adf]lhd of]Uotf k'u]sf sd{rf/Lx? v'Nnf k|lt:kwf{af6 lgo'lQm ug'{kg]{ ePsf]n] of] ;"rgf k|yd k6s k|sflzt ldltn] !% -kGw|_ lbg leq of]Uotf k'u]sf O{R5's g]kfnL gful/sx?af6 cfj]bg k]z ug'{ x'g ;"lrt ul/G5 . tkl;n s_ lj1fkg g+=M !.)&&.)&* v_ cfjZos kbx? M qm=;+= kb ;+Vof tx lsl;d != clws[t, C0f ljefu ! hgf 5}7f}+ s/f/ @= slgi7 clws[t, ;b:o @ hgf kfFrf} s/f/ ;]jf ljefu u_ z}lIfs of]UotfM qm=;+= ! sf] nflu :gftsf]Q/ jf :gfts u/L ;DalGwt If]qdf sfd u/]sf] @ jif{sf] cg'ej k|fKt / qm=;+= @ sf] nflu :gfts pQL0f{ .

3_ pd]/M @! jif{ k"/f eO{ $) jif{ ggf3]sf] . ª_ ljz]if u|fxotfM ;DalGwt If]qdf sfo{ cg'ej k|fKt ;fy} sDKo'6/ ;+rfng ;DaGwL tflnd k|fKt u/L Word, Excel, powerpoint, Internet, Email & Accounting Software ;+rfng ug{ bVvn, df]6/;fO{sn rfns cg'dltkq k|fKt u/]sf] . r_ 5gf}6 k|lqmofM lnlvt, k|of]ufTds tyf cGt/jftf{ .

5_ tna ;'ljwfM qm=;+= ! sf] xsdf cfwf/e"t tnadfg ?=#),))).–, eQf ?=&,))).– / qm=;+=@ sf] xsdf cfwf/e"t tnadfg ?=@&,^)).–, eQf ?=$,))).– ;fydf cGo ;'ljwf s/f/df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 . h_ b/vf:t b:t'/M qm=;+= ! sf] nflu ?=%)).– -kfFr;o ?k}ofF dfq_ / cGosf] xsdf ?=$)).– -?k}ofF rf/;o dfq_ . em_ cfj]bg cfOk'Ug' kg]{ clGtd ldltM @)&& ;fn ebf} & ut] sfof{no ;doleq . `_ ;Dks{ ldlt M @)&& ;fn ebf} ( ut] .

6_ lgj]bg ;fy k]z ug'{kg]{ sfuhftx? M != z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk @= gful/stf k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk #= ;DalGwt sfdsf] cg'ej k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk $= xfn;fn} lvr]sf] kf;kf]6{ ;fOhsf] kmf]6f] ! k|lt %= JolQmut ljj/0f -jfof]8f6f_ ^= df]6/;fO{sn rfns cg'dltkqsf] k|ltlnkL 7_ tf]lsPsf] z}lIfs of]Uotf, tflnd, cg'ej cflbsf] cfwf/df cfj]bsx?sf] ;6{lni6 ul/g]5 . ;6{lni6df 5gf}6 ePsf cfj]bsx?nfO{ dfq cGo 5gf}6 k|lqmofdf ;xefuL u/fO{g]5 sd{rf/L kbk"lt{ pk;ldlt

ljqmLdf !ljqmLdf !! ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f g+= !) l:yt c/lgsf] xfO{j] /f]8sf] ! lsQf k5fl8 ag]kfaf6 sf7df8f}+ hfg] k'/fgf] af6f]sf] ;]tf] kf6Laf6 #) ld6/ klZrd bfofF ;fO8sf] klZrdkl§sf] !! xft cufl8 df]x8f ePsf] hUuf ;lxt xf]6n t'?Gt laqmLdf .

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