lsg ‘o'4’ ;Dem“b}5g dfcf]jfbL g]tf
df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf vfgLvf]nf
@)*) kf}if % ut] ljxLaf/ vfgLvf]nf / dxfef/t ufpFkflnsfsf ljleGg If]qdf k'u]sf jfudtL k|b]z ;/sf/sf ef}lts k'jf{wf/ ljsf; dGqL o'j/fh b'nfnn] hgo'4 ;lDemP . pQm If]qdf o'4sf] sdf08 u/]sf dfcf]jfbL g]tf b'nfnn] dxfef/tsf] ;f]nfe~Hofªdf cfof]lht sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ pQm If]qdf cfkm'n] hLjg d/0fsf] ;+3if{ u/]sf] atfP . @)%@ kmfu'g ! ut]af6 ;'? ePsf] !) jif]{ hgo'4sf] qmddf dxfef/tsf] 3lt{5fkdf ePsf] n8fFOsf] sdf08/ lyP pgL . 3lt{5fkdf ePsf] le8Gtdf ;]gfn] gfO{6 lehg x]lnsK6/af6 kmfo/ u/]sf] lyof] . dxfef/t, vfgLvf]nfsf cnfjf sfe|]sf] kgf}tLdf ePsf] le8Gtsf af/]df klg dGqL b'nfnn] :d/0f u/] . dsjfgk'/, l;Gw'nL, sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gfsf nflu k/]8 v]Ng] / ;'/lIft 7fpF dflgGYof] b'nfnn] ;lDemP . dxfef/t 7'nf] cfwf/ lbPsf] 7fpF, olt
w]/} ljZjf; lht]sf] 7fpF / tkfOx?n] olt 7'nf] of]ubfg ug{'ePsf] 7fpF xf] dxfef/t . dxfef/t ufpFkflnsfsf 3/–3/, kfvf–kv]/f, j:tLx?df kl/jt{gufdL cfGbf]ngsf qmddf ofqf ul/;s]sf] :d/0f u/] . @)&$ / @)&( df lgjf{lrt ePsf l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfsf o'j/fh b'nfn afudtL k|b]zdf k6s–k6s dGqL eP . slxn] :jf:Yo, slxn] cy{ slxn] ef}lts k"jf{wf/ dGqL ePsf b'nfn sfe|]sf ljs6 kflnsf vfgLvf]nf / dxfef/tdf clns w]/} hfg] cfpg] ul//x] . x'g t pgL afdutL k|b]zsf ;a} :yfgLo txdf k'u]sf] bfaL u5{g . hgo'4 ;lsPsf] !% jif{ kl5 b'nfnn] le8Gtsf ;a} 36gf ;Demg k'u] . hgo'4nfO{ :d/0f ub}{ pgn] eg], dnfO{ Pp6f 7'nf] n8fO{sf] ;Demgf 5 . hgo'4sf] qmddf tTsfnLg zfxL ;]gf;Fu gfs]{df Pp6f n8fFO k/]sf] lyof] . ToxfF xfdLn] cf+lzs ?kdf n8fFO{ lhTof}+ . ToxfFaf6 xfd|f] cfwf/ If]q dxfef/tsf] 3lt{5fk, agv', 5f]6];fgdf a:g eg]/ kms{b} ubf{ olx 3lt{5fkdf tTsfnLg zfxL ;]gfn] x]lnsf]K6/af6 cfP/ af6f] 5]Sof] . To;kl5, 3lt{5fkdf xfd|f] bf]xf]/f]
le8Gt eof] . ToxfF s]lx xtfxtL eof], xfdLn] s]lx yfg xltof/x? sAhf u¥of{+}
. oxfFaf6 km]l/ s]lx cuf8L a9]/ l;Gw'nL k'Uof}+ . l;/fxfsf] aGbLk'/df sl/a sl/a ldlt lal;{PF r}t÷a}zfvsf] ;dodf 7'nf] n8fFO{ lyof] / ToxfFaf6 kms{g] qmddf xfdL ;'gsf]zLsf] lsgf/} lsgf/ cfpFbfv]/L ;fGgfgL eGg] 7fpFdf klg n8fO{ ePsf] lyof] . xfdL ToxfFaf6 n8fO{ n8\b} n8\b} kmls{of}+ . 7'nf] n8fFO{ n8]kl5 cf/fd ug{'kg]{ x'G5, km]l/ csf]{ tof/L ug{'kg]{ x'G5 .
Tof] tof/L / cf/fdsf] nflu l;/fxfsf] aGbLk'/b]vL cfˆgf] cfwf/ If]q 7fg]/ xfdL dxfef/t cfOk'u]sf lyof}+ . dxfef/t 7'nf] cfwf/ lbPsf] 7fpF, olt w]/} ljZjf; lht]sf] 7fpF / tkfO{x?n] olt 7'nf] of]ubfg ug{'ePsf] 7fpF xf] dxfef/t . Joj:yf kl/jt{gsf nflu w]/} /ut, kl;gf au]sf] 5 . hgtfsf] w]/} 7'nf] Tofu tk:of 5 . To;} /ftf/ft Joj:yf kl/jt{g ePsf] 5}g . of] afFsL @ k]hdf
a}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf 7uL
ph'/Lsf] tLg jif{;Dd ePg sf/jfxL
nId0f ltdlN;gf ag]kf
ablzs /fhuf/ ljefudf s;/bf/ kqmfp u/L cg;Gwfg ;lxt sf/jfxLsf] dfu ul/Psf] lgjbg pk/ tLg jif;Dd sf/jfxL xg ;ssf] 5g . @)&& rq @$ ut] sfe]| nufotsf ljleGg lhNnfsf ojfx?n] cfkmx? ablzs /fhuf/Lsf gddf 7luPsf] Aoxf/fsf] kdf0f ;lxtsf] ph/L u/sf lyP . tN;L/fdsf] 7uL wGbfaf6 ;of} ojfx? 7luPsf 5g\ . clxn] tN;L/fd km/f/ 5g\ . lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no c3fvfrLdf 7uL ug]{ AolQm pk/ kqmfp ug{ dfu ub}{ lgjbg ;dt btf{ ePsf] lyof] . ablzs /fhuf/ ljefun] ;dt kx/LnfO{ kq nVb} c3fvfrL lhNnf dfnf/fgL ufpkflnsf j8f gDj/ ^ 3/ eO{ sf7df8fdf 8/f u/L a:g] tN;L/fd
kgf}tL ( sf o'4k|;fb bfxfn, sljGb| yf]s/, v8\uaxfb'/ yf]s/, s[i0faxfb'/ l;+tfg, /fdaxfb'/ yf]s/, clgn yf]s/, sfG5fnfn ef]nf]g, /]zdnfn l;+yfg, cDa/ yf]s/ / zfGtaxfb'/ jfO{jf ;d]tn] k|lt AolQm a}b]lzs /f]huf/df hfg eGb} *) xhf/sf b/n] t'N;L/fd e'iffnnfO{ Unf]an cfO{PdO{ a}s dfkm{t vftfdf /sd hDdf ul/lbPsf lyP . eiffnnfO{ kqmfpsf nflu cg/fw u/sf] lyof] . ljefusf] kqsf af/df ;dt kx/Ln] AolQm kmnf gk/sf] hfgsf/L k7fPsf] eP klg yk vfhljg / cg;Gwfg eg] gePsf] kLl8t kHhjn tfdfªn] atfP . tN;L/fdn] ( hgf ojfx?af6 ^ nfv %@ xhf/ 7uL u/sf lyP eg] cGo ;of} ojfx?af6 /sd c;Nb} km/f/ ePsf lyP . @)&* ;fn ebf} !^ ut] dxfgu/Lo kx/L kl/;/ 6s sf7df8fdf sfofnodf csf]{ hfx/L klg btf{ ePsf] 5 . gSsnL lj1fkg ksfzg u/L baO{ l:yt sDkgLdf /fhuf/df hfgsf nflu wdfwd jlsË le;f ksof eO{ /xsf] eGb} ojfx?nfO{ ;Dksdf NofPsf lyP . ;Dksdf cfPsf ojfx?nfO{ /fhuf/df hfgnfO{ ;xhLs/0f u/L lbP afkt nfUg] zNs dfq} lng] pbZo eGb} Ps hgf afkt
*) xhf/ lng] k:tfj u/sf lyP . *) xhf/ lbg] ojfx?nfO{ dfq} ljbz k7fpg] ksofz z? xg eGb} tN;L/fdn] sfdsf af/df AofVof u/sf lyP . blgs * 306f sfd, ;ftfsf] ^ lbg vfg / a:g lbP/ dfl;s ^) xhf/ tna kfpg] nfedf ojfx?n] tN;L/fdn] eg] h:t} /sd hDdf u// aemfP . /sd hDdf u// le;f Nofpg ;sg / cnkq kf/+] eg] /sd lkmtf{ u/L sfggL sf/jfxL efU5' eGb} kgftL ( sf o4k;fb bfxfn, sljGb| yfs/, v8uaxfb/ yfs/, si0faxfb/ l;tfg, /fdaxfb/ yfs/, clgn yfs/, sfG5fnfn efnfg, /zdnfn l;yfg, cDa/ yfs/ / zfGtaxfb/ jfOjf ;dtnfO{ knfegdf kf// /fxbfgL nusf lyP . ;a} ojfx?n] Unfan cfOPdO{ as dfkmt p;sf] vftfdf /sd hDdf ul/lbPsf lyP . /sd hDdf u/];u le;f cfof] eGb} d]l8sn ug{ afsL & khdf
;fKtflxs
afudtL l6k/ Aoj;foL ;+3sf] b'3{6gf Go"gLs/0f cleofg rfns / ;x–rfnsnfO{ k'/:sf/ g} k'/:sf/
ag]kf÷lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]s, lhNnf 6«flkms k|x/L sfof{no ag]kf sfe|]knf~rf]s, O{nfsf k|x/L sfof{no ag]kf tyf afudtL l6k/ Aoj;foL ;+3 sfe|]knf~rf]ssf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgf tyf lxdfnog Pe/]i6 OG;'/]G; sDkgL lnld6]8sf] ;xof]udf ;d'bfo k|x/L ;fem]bf/L sfo{qmd cGt{ut ;8s b'3{6gf Go'lgs/0f, rfns ;xrfnsnfO{ k|lzIf0f tyf 6«flkms lgod ;DaGwL ;r]tgf sfo{qmdcfof]hgful/Psf]5. b'e{6gf Go"gLs/0f ug{] cleofgsf qmddf uf]nf k|yfaf6 b'3{6gf gu/fpg] rfnsx?dWo] df]xgs'df/ yfkfnfO{ jfl;Ë d]lzg k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . To:t} t'naxfb'/ >]i7, 6]s/fh af:tf]nf, a'4/Tg pbf;, s[i0f tfdfª, zDe' df]Qmfg, Odf axfb'/ tfdfª / clgn tfdfªnfO{ x6 jf6/ hu k/]sf] 5 eg] lj/]Gb| lu/LnfO{ O{n]lS6«s /fO{; s's/, g/axfb'/ dxtnfO{ On]lS6«s Po/ kmfo/ k/]sf] 5 . k'j{ cWoIf z]/axfb'/ s'Fj/n] tLg hgf rfnsnfO{ uf8Lsf] 6\o'j pkxf/ lbP . pkxf/ kfpg]x?df uf]nf k|yfaf6 5flgPsfx? lgd{ns'df/ dfemL, lbk]Gb|sfhL >]i7 / k|sfz clwsf/L 5g\ . ;f]lx qmddf lj/fdL eO{ pkrf/ u/fPsf rfns /fhg >]i7nfO{ %) xhf/sf] r]s k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . afudtL l6k/ Aoj;foL ;+3n] lhNnfdf /x]sf %@ j6f pBf]unfO{ l6k/df cf]e/nf]8gel/lbgkqfrf/u/]sf]5. jfl;Ë d]lzg k|fKt u/]sf rfns >]i7n] @)&& ;fnb]lv rnfpg z'? u/]sf] l6k/ Ps lbg klg b'3{6gfdf gk/]sf] tyf uf]nfdf klg jfl;Ë d]lzg g} k|fKt u/]sf]df v'zL nfu]sf] atfP . ;+3n] l6k/af6 ePsf] b'3{6gfsf sf/0f ckfËtf ePsf AolQmx?nfO{ eQf lbg] tyf pgsf kl/jf/nfO{ ;d]t ;xof]u ug{] of]hgf agfPsf]cWoIfvqLn]atfP.;jf/L
wgLx?nfO{ ;d]t ;+3n] ljleGg vfnsf ;xof]uub{}cfPsf]5. …b'3{6gfx'g}glbg';\,b'3{6gf eO{ xfn]df gefUg';\, dfgjLo ;+j]bgf /fv]/ tTsfn pkrf/sf nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofpg';, lta| ult /f]Sg';\, cf]e/nf]8 gaf]Sg';\Ú–k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ?b|fb]jL zdf{n] elgg\–…dof{lbt / cg'zfl;t eP/ tgfj /lxt cj:yfdf dfq} ;jf/L ;fwg ;+rfng ug{';\ . ;jf/L ;fwgsf] cj:yf x]g{';\ . tkfO{ cfˆg} :jf:Yo cj:yf x]g{';\ . 3/ kl/jf/ / cfkmGtnfO{ klg ;Demg';\ . d slxNo} b'3{6gf x'g] u/L ;jf/L ;fwg rnfplbgeg]/;kylng';\ .Úk|d'vlhNnf clwsf/L ?b|fb]jL zdf{n] rfns :j+od tgfj /lxt cj:yfdf x'g' kg{] atfpg'eof] . b'O{;oeGbfw]/}rfnsx?nfO{ k|lzIf0flbb} k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L zdf{n] 6«flkms lgod clgjfo{ kfngf ug{, dof{lbt kf]zfs nufpg, ;jf/L ;fwg rnfpbf dfbs kbfy{ / nfu' cf}ifw ;]jg gug{ cg'/f]w ul/g\ . /ftL dfq} ;jf/L rnfpbf r'gf}tL / ;d:of w]/} ePsf] atfpb k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L zdf{n] o:tf] cj:yfdf klg d'n's, /fi6« lgdf{0fsfnflux]le;jf/L;fwgcfjZos ePsfn] ;8s x/]s If]qdf k|of]u x'g] ePsfn]To;sf]Vofnug{cg'/f]wul/g\. k|x/L k|d'v P;kL efUo]Gb| k'?if 9sfnn] b'36{gf s;}n] rfx]/ gx'g] ePsfn] To;sf] Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ;a} kIf rgfvf] x'g'kg{] atfP . …b'3{6gf kl5sf] cj:yfuDeL//sxfnLnfUbf]5,kl/jf/sf]
ljrNnL ePsf] 5, afFr]sfx? klg ckfË, czQm ePsf 5g\Ú– P;kL efUo]Gb| k'?if 9sfnn] eg]–…rfnsx?sf] cj:yfnfO{ Wofg lbb} ;jf/L ;fwg ;d]t lgoldt kl/If0f u/]/ tf]lsPsf] ult / lgod cg';f/ ;+rfng ubf{ b'3{6gf sd u/fpg ;lsG5 .Ú afdutL l6k/ Aoj;foL ;+3sf cWoIf ;'/]zvqLn]cf]e/nf]8gaf]Sg,lta|ultdf
;jf/L ;fwg grnfpg, cfˆgf] sf/0f b'3{6gf g} x'g glbg rfnsx?nfO{ lgb{]zg lbP . …tkfO{sf sf/0f tkfO{x?n] rnfO{/x]sf] ;jf/L ;fwg b'3{6gfdf gk/f];\Ú–cWoIf vqLn] eg]– …b'3{6gf kl5sf cj:yf sxfnLnfUbf 5g\ . eofjx cj:yf /f]Sg b'3{6gf Go'gLs/0fsf] ljsNk 5}g . b'3{6gf Go'gLs/0f x'g ;s] AolQm / kl/jf/sf] v'zL gr'l8g] ePsfn] rfnsx?nfO{ Wofgk"j{s ;jf/L ;fwg ;+rfngug{cWoIfvqLn]cg'/f]wu/]. …tkfO{x?n] nfk{jfxL ?kdf ;jf/L ;fwg ;+rfng u/]/ ePsf] b'3{6gfdf ;+3 cleefjs aGg ;Sb}gÚ–cWoIf vqLn] eg]–…tkfO{x?n] ulNt gubf{ gub{} ePsf] b'3{6gfdf ;+3 cleefjs alg/x]sf] 5.Ú;+3n]rfnsx?lj/fdLx'Fbfpkrf/sf nflu %) xhf/ ?k}ofF pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 eg] cGo ;'ljwfx? klg /fv]sf] 5 . lgoldt gljs/0f u/fpg] rfnsx?sf nflu dfq} pQm ;'ljwf 5 . b'3{6gf Go"lgs/0f ;DaGwL k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf O{nfsf k|x/L sfof{no ag]kfsf l8P:kL nfnWjh ;'j]bL, lhNnf 6«flkms k|x/L sfof{no sfe|]sf k|d'v k|x/L lgl/Ifs f{
hgfb{g l3dL/], g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 sfe|] zfvfsf lgj{tdfg cWoIf df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf, afudtL l6k/ Aoj;foL ;+3sf al/i7 pkfWoIf gljg a}B, ;lrj /fh]z vqL nufotn] afdutL l6k/ Aoj;foL ;+3n] b'3{6gf Go"gLs/0fsf nflu v]n]sf] e"ldsfsf] rrf{ u/]sf lyP . lxdfnog Pe/]i6 OG;'/]G; sDkgL lnld6]8sf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t ljhoafa' afb]n] b'3{6gf Go"lgs/0f x'Fbf AolQmsf] hLjg / ;DktL ;d]t Iflt gx'g] ePsfn] ;r]t / ;hueP/;+rfngug{cg'/f]wu/]. sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfaf6 b}lgs sl/j Ps xhf/ eGbf w]/} l6k/x? /fhwfgL pkTosf k|j]z ug{] u/]sf 5g\ . lhNnfdf s]lx dxTjk"0f{ cfof]hgfx? ;+rfng eO{/xFbf lbpF;f] ;+rfng x'g] ;jf/L ;fwgsf] t'ngfdf l6k/af6 x'g] b'3{6gfdf () k|ltzt sdL cfPsf] 5 . t/ klg afdutL l6k/ Aoj;foL ;+3n] rfns, ;xrfnssf sf/0f x'g] b'3{6gf Go"gLs/0f ug{ tLg tLg dlxgfdf b'3{6gf gu/fpg] rfns ;xrfnsx?nfO{ k'/:s[t ub{} b'3{6gf gu/fpg] k|lta4tf ;lxtsf] ;ky u/fPsf]xf].
/f]6/L Snasf k|lzIfsx?nfO{ k|lzIf0f ;'?
d'nsf]6 l;Gw'nL÷/f]6/L l8l:6«S6 #@(@, g]kfn -e'6fgdf cfa4 g]kfne/sf k|lzIfs /f]6l/ogx?nfO{ l;Gw'nLsf] d'nsf]6df k|lzIf0flbO{Psf]5. g]kfne/sf /f]6/L Snax?df cfa4 k|lzIfsx?sf] Ifdtf clea[l4 ug{]p2]Zon]sfo{qmdsf]cfof]hgf
ul/Psf] /f]6/L l8l:6«S6 #@(@ sf] k|lzIf0f ;ldltsf ;x–cWoIf lai0f'xl/ bfxfnn] atfP . ut z'qmaf/ / zlgjf/ ePsf] k|lzIf0fnfO{ /f]6/Lsf k|d'v k|lzIfsx? hoG› l/dfn, nId0f 1jfnL, ;~ho lu/L,lbn]G›/fh >]i7,lht]G›axfb'/ /fhe08f/L / ;Gtf]if l/hfnn] k|lzIf0f lbPsf lyP . o;}u/L, k|lzIf0fs} bf}/fg
cfof]lht Kofgn 5nkmndf Kofgln:6x?l8l:6«S6ueg{//fh]G›k|;fb Wjh", l8l:6«S6ueg{/ On]S6]8 /fh]G›dfg z]/rg / l8l:6«S6 ueg{/ gf]ldgL lagf]b sf]O/fnf /x]sf 5g\ . lzIf0f sfo{qmddf ljleGg /f]6/L Snasf &% hgf ;xefuL /x]sflyP. /f]6l/ogx?lai0f'xl/bfxfn,
czf]sdfg skfnL / czf]s Kofs'/]nn] sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/0f u/]sf lyP . …:jfy{eGbf dfly ;]jf’ eGg] efjsf;fy ;fdflhs ;]jfdf sfo{/t /f]6/L cleofg g]kfndf ;G !(%( df ;'? ePsf] xf] . xfn /f]6/L l8l:6«S6 #@(@ dftxt !%$ Snadf % xhf/ %$@ hgf ;b:o cfa4 5g\.
efjk"0f >4f~hnL
lhNnfsf] wfld{s tyf P]ltxfl;s wg]Zj/ dlGb/ s'g ;dodf bz{gfyL{sf] le8 nfU5 <
nId0f ltdlN;gf ag]kf sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfsf] ag]kfgu/kflnsfj8fgDa/ !!dfcjl:yt k|d'v b]j:yn dflgg] wg]Zj/ dxfb]j :yfgdf dfu{ z'Sn k'l0f{df cyf{t wfGo k'l0f{dfsf lbg eAod]nfnfUg]u/]sf] 5. wg]Zj/ dxfb]j :yfgnfO{ wfld{s ;f:s[lts / P]ltxfl;s b'li6sf]0faf6 cToGt} dxTjk'0f{ :yfgsf] ?kdf dflgb} cfPsf] 5 . pQm :yfgdf uf]7fnfx? ufO{ r/fpg hfFbf x/]s lbg ufO{sf] b'w r'lxg] u/]sf] b]v] kl5 :yfgLox? pQm :yfg vf]Hb} hfFbf ;tLb]jLsf] b]j|] sfg ktg ePsf] lznf pTvGg u/]sf] lsj+bGtL :j:yfgLdf ;d]t pNn]v5.wg]Zj/dlGb/sfaf/]df>L
dfu{ z'Ns rt'b{lzsf lbg ;f+osfn b]vL g} cv08bLk dxfbLk, ;kfb nIf jlt{sf k|Hjng ug{] >4fn' eQmhgx?sf] w]/} le8 nfUg] ub{5 . dfu{ z'Ns k'l0f{dfsf lbgdf wg]Zj/ dxfb]j dlGb/ leq /x]sf] ;tLb]jLsf] sfgsf] lznfsf] vf8ndf cGg tyf b|Aon] k'0f{ ug{] k|rng /x]sf] 5 . pQm k'l0f{dfsf] lbg ;tLb]jLsf] sfg k'0f{ ug{ ;s]nIdLk|flKtx'G5eGg]ljZjf;5. pQm d]nfnfO{ wg]Zj/ dlGb/sf] k|d'v d]nfsf ?kdf lnO{G5 . dlGb/df :j:yfgL k'l0f{df e/L Ps dlxgf, ;fpg] ;f]daf/, afnf rt'b{zL{, lza/fqL, xl/tflnsf lth h:tf rf8kj{df xhf/f}sf] d]nf nfUg] ub{5 . dlGb/nfO{ ;+/If0f ug{ :yfgLo ;/sf/n] dlGb/nfO{ 3]/faf/,dlGb/ ;Ddk'Ug] klSs;8s, s'08nfO{ k'g lgdf0f{, alQ, zf}rfno, vfg]kfgL,
:j:yfgL a|t syfdf a0f{g ul/P cg';f/ bIf k|hfkltsf] o1 :yndf ;ltb]ljn] k|f0f Tofu u/]kl5 b]jlif{ gf/b4f/f va/ u/]/ bIf o1df k'u]sf dxfb]jn] ;tLb]jLsf] d[t z/L/ af]sL k'YjL e|d0fdf lx8\g' ePsf] lyof] . ;Dk'0f{ b]jtfx?sf] ;Nnfx adf]lhd ;tLb]jLsf] d[t z/L/df cf}zf k/]kl5 zl//sf cu+x? ktg x'g yfn] . ;tLb]jLsf b]a|] sfg ktg eP/ pQm :yfgsf] gfd kf}/aGw /x]sf] eg]/ g]kfn dxfTDodf atfO{Psf] 5 . pQm kfjg If]qdf
;/;kmfO{ nufPtsf k'jf{wf/x? lgdf0f{ ub{} cfPsf] j8f cWoIf lza yfkfn] atfP . wg]Zj/ dlGb/ ag]kfsf] dfq} geO{ lhNnfs} k|d'v wfld{s :yn /x]sf] cWoIf yfkfn] atfP . wfGo k'l0f{dsf] ca;/df ljz]if d]nf nfUg], /ft e/ alQ afnL hfu|fd a:g] ul/G5 . pQm k'l0f{dfsf lbgdf ls;fgn] wfgafnL leq\ofPsf] v'lzofnLdf b]jL b]jtf lkt[, s'nb]jtfsf] k'hf u/L gjfGg xag ul/g] kj{nfO{ g} pBf}nLkj{ elgPsf]lsa+bGtL /x]sf]5 .
hGdM !(((.*.!% :juf{/f]x0fM @)*).(.!)
:j= sd UofNaf nfdf
o; sDkgL k|f=ln=sf k"j{ pkfWoIf clgn nfdf Pj+ k|f]kfO6/ ;b:o lbk]Gb| nfdfsf] k"hgLo lktf sd{ UofNaf] nfdfsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]sfs"n kl/jf/hgx?k|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .
cfTdf/fd yfkf cWoIf ;'ag k|wfg sfof{no k|d'v u0f]z lxdfn t/fO{ oftfoft ;]jf
sDkgL k|f=ln= kl/jf/, ag]kf–^, sfe|]
efjk"0f >4f~hnL
hGdM @))*.#.!)
:j= t'ns'df/L kf}8]n
:juf{/f]x0fM @)*).(.!@
o; sDkgL k|f=ln=sf ;lrj s]zj kf}8]n tyf k|f=ln=sf z'elrGtsx? /d]z kf}8]n, lbg]z kf}8]n / pd]z kf}8]nsf] ddtfdoL 7"nLcfdf t'ns'df/L kf}8]nsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]sfs"n kl/jf/hgx?k|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .
cfTdf/fd yfkf cWoIf
;'ag k|wfg sfof{no k|d'v u0f]z lxdfn t/fO{ oftfoft ;]jf sDkgL k|f=ln= kl/jf/, ag]kf–^, sfe|]
r]i6f ;fKtflxs jif{ #) c+s ( @)*) k'; !( ut] ljxLjf/ *
s[i0f k|;fb c:ktfn
rf/bf]af6f], ag]kf
;:tf / e/kbf pkrf/sf nflu
xfd|f ;]jfx? M 8fS6/ pknAw ljxfg & ah]b]lv a]n'sf & ah];Dd . 8fS6/ e'if0f >]i7 ljxfg !! ah]b]lv lbpF;f] @ ah];Dd . :qL /f]u ljz]if1 lbpF;f] !@ ah]b]lv ! ah];Dd . xf8 hf]gL{ ljz]if1 lbpF;f] !@ ah]b]lv $ ah];Dd . afn/f]u ljz]if1 x/]s lbg a]n'sf % ah] / zlgjf/ ljxfg !) ah]b]lv % ah];Dd . gfs sfg 3fF6L lbpF;f] ! ah]b]lv $ ah];Dd . dfgl;s /f]u ljz]if1 dlxgfsf] bf]>f] zlgjf/ lbpF;f] @ ah]b]lv $ ah];Dd . lel8of] PS; /] (Ultra Sound) ljxfg !!M#) ah]b]lv lbpF;f] $ ah] ;Dd . lgMz'Ns ;'u/ hfFr x/]s dlxgfsf] ! ut] .
:qL/f]u ljz]if1 ;]jf k|To]s lbg
v'Ng] ;do M ljxfg & b]lv a]n'sf & ah];Dd
{g x/]s lbg ;h ;]jf lgM 'N h x gf]6 M z s ;'u/ fFr /]s l f P d xgfs ! ut] ;'? ul/ sf] 5
;Dks{
)!!–^^$##@, (*$)@^!!%^, (*)#%%&$*(@
t]hu+uf ax'd'vL SoFDk; kgf}tL, sfe|]knf~rf]s
egf{ v'Nof] Ûegf{ v'Nof] ÛÛ
ljZjljBfno cg'bfg cfof]u (UGC) af6 u'0f:t/sf] QAA k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf] sfe|] lhNnfsf] pTs[i6 z}lIfs ;+:yfdf z}lIfs ;q @)*).)*! sf] nflu :gfts (Bachelor) tx / :gftsf]Q/ tx (Master Degree) sf sIffx?df egf{ v'Nof] .
MBS & M.Ed. :gftsf]Q/ tx
$ jif{] :gfts tx k|yd jif{
sIff ljifox?
B.Ed.
P]lR5s g]kfnL, ul0ft, cFu|]hL, hg;+Vof
B.B.S. n]vf kmfO{gfG;
sIff ljifox?
B.A. Sociology & Rural Development
SofDK; k|d'v
kmf]g g+= )!!–$$))@*, (*$!$#!))!, (*$!#))*)*
shf{ r'Stf ug]{ ;DalGw !%-kGw|_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf
pk/f]St ;DaGwdf tklzndf pNn]lvt laa/0f ePsf z]o/ ;b:on] tklzndf pNn]lvt crn ;Dklt lwtf] ;'/If0f lbO{ laleGg ldltdf cfjf; lzif{s cGtu{t o; ;+:yfaf6 shf{ lnO{ o; ;+:yf;+u u/]sf] zt{ sa'lnot adf]lhd efsf leq cfkm'n] lnPsf] shf{sf] ;f+jf, Aofh, xhf{gf tyf lanDa z'Ns ga'emfO{ af+ls aSof}tf /fv]sf]n] o; ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 k6s k6s e]63f6 u/L jf lnlvt kq dfkm{t ;+:yfdf pkl:yt e} cfkm'n] lnPsf] shf{sf] af+ls aSof}tf a'emfpg cfpg' xf];\ jf ;f] a'emfO{ ;s]sf] eP ;f] sf] k|df0f k]z ug{ cfpg' xf]; elg tfs]tf u/L cg'/f]w ubf{ klg a]jf:tf u/L af+ls aSof}tf /flv a:g' ePsf]n] tklzndf pNn]lvt ;DalGwt C0fLsf] gfpdf of] !%-kGw|_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt u/LPsf] 5 . t;y{ of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] !%-kGw|_ lbg leq tklzndf pNn]lvt ;DalGwt C0fLn] o; ;+:yfdf pkl:yt e} cfkm'n] lnPsf] shf{sf] af+ls aSof}tf a'emfpg jf a'emfO{ ;s]sf] eP ;f] sf] k|df0f k]z ug{ cfpg' xf]nf . ;f] efsf leq gcfPdf jf ;f] a'emfO{ ;s]sf] eP ;f] sf] k|df0f k]z ug{ gcfPdf of] ;"rgfsf] efsf gf3]kl5 ;xsf/L P]g @)&$ sf] bkmf &( tyf ;xsf/L lgodfjnL @)&% sf] lgod #@ adf]lhd lwtf] ;'/If0f lbPsf] tklzndf pNn]lvt crn ;Dklt lnnfd laqmL u/L c;'n pk/ u/Lg] 5 . ;f] af6 klg gk'u e} k'/f /sd c;'n pk/ gePdf gk'u /sd sfg'g adf]lhd sfjf{lx u/L ;DalGwt C0fL jf C0fLsf Psf3/ ;uf]nsf c+lzof/x?sf] gfpdf /x]sf] rn crn ;Dkltaf6 c;'n pk/ u/Lg] 5 .
tklzn C0fLsf] laj/0f lwtf] ;'/If0fsf] laj/0f s}lkmot gfd M /fdx/L yfkf :yfoL 7]ufgf M kgf}tL–@, sfe]| afa'sf] gfd M ch'{g yfkf afh]sf] gfd M nlntaxfb'/ gful/stf k|=k=g+= M #))!–)^&–*&%% hf/L u/]sf] ldlt, lhNnf M @)^&.)%.@!,sfe|]knf~rf]s
Psf3/ hdfgL lbg]sf] gfd, y/ / jtgM gfd M rlnqf s'+j/ :yfoL 7]ufgf M kgf}tL–@, sfe]| >Ldfgsf] gfd M /fdx/L yfkf gful/stf k|=k=g+= M #)!)$#÷!^)%$$ hf/L u/]sf] ldlt, lhNnfM @)^$÷)@÷)&,sfe|]knf~rf]s
hUufsf] 7]ufgf M ;'AafufpF– !s, sfe|] lsQf g+= M !!)* If]qkmn M )–(–#–! / ;f]df ag]sf] 3/
k|yd k6s k|sflzt ldlt M @)*) kf}if !( ut]
lkk'N; art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln
d'Vo sfof{noM ag]kf–* tLgbf]af6f] )!!–^^%%)&, )!!–^^)**&, ;]jf sfof{noM ;]jf s]Gb| kgf}tL–&, s'zfb]jL /f]8 )!!–$$)@*!, Od]n M Info@peoplessaccos.org.np, peoplessaccos@gmail.com
/]lah /f]uaf6 aRg af}nfxf s's'/ b]lv ;hu /xf}+ .
:jf:Yo sfof{no sfe|]
ag]kf gu/kflnsf
gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no
ag]kf, sfe|]knf~rf]s afUdtL k|b]z, g]kfn
;fd'bflos ejg jxfndf nufpg] ;DaGwL af]nkq cfJxfgsf] ;"rgf
o; gu/kflnsfsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f g+= *, a;kfs{ If]qdf /x]sf] ag]kf a;kfs{ ;lkË sDKn]S; cGtu{tsf] ;fd'bflos ejgsf] axfn p7fpg] k|of]hgsf nflu cf=j= @)*).)*! b]lv rf/ jif{sf nflu 7]Ssfdf Joj:yfkg ug{'kg{] ePsf]n] of]Uo OR5's btf{jfnf ;+:yf jf g]kfnL gful/sn] of] ;"rgf k|yd k6s k|sflzt ePsf ldltn] lt;f}+ lbgleq kmf/d vl/b ul/ Pslt;f}+ lbgsf] !@M)) ah]leq af]nkq k]z ug{ of] ;"rgf k|sfzg ul/Psf] 5 .af]nkq kmf/d ?= !))).– lt/L /fh:j zfvfaf6 k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 .
k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).)(.!& qm=;+= 7]Ssf g+= sfdsf] ljj/0f rf/ jif{sf nflu Go"gtd dfl;s saf]n c+s s/ ;lxt w/f}6L /sd s}lkmot
!= /f=$÷@)*)÷*! Ans æsÆM–;fd'bflos ejgsf] e'OF tNnfsf ;a} ;6/ tyf e¥ofË d'lgsf] efu ;d]t
?=!,!),))).–-? Ps nfv bz xhf/ dfq_ ?= ^^,))).–-? 5};7\7L xhf/ dfq_ b|i6JoM af]nkq ;DaGwL lj:t[t ljj/0f o; gu/kflnsfsf] j]e;fO{6 www.banepamun.gov.np df x]g{ ;lsg] 5 . – k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t
r]i6f klAns]zg k|f=ln=åf/f k|sflzt tyf d'lb|t, cWoIf M czf]s Jof~h", sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbs M df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf, ;x ;Dkfbs M nId0f ltdlN;gf, sDKo'6/ ck/]6/ M nf]saxfb'/ yfkf, sfof{no M ag]kf !), sfe|], kmf]g g+= )!!^^@$($, email: cheshtaweekly@yahoo.com/website: www.cheshtaweekly.com.np, d'b|0f M ;Gtf]if lk|lG6ª k|];, ag]kf, sfe|] .