w'lnv]n÷sfe|]knf~rf]s
lhNnfdf tLg jif{sf] cjwLdf ;'Ts]/L cj:yfdf aRrf hGdfpg] ;dodf :yfgLo kflnsfx?df @ hgf cfdfsf] lgwg ePsf] 5 eg] gjhft lzz'x?sf] eg] x/]s jif{ !) hgfsf] ;+Vofdf lgwg x'g]u/]sf]5. gjhft lzz'x?sf] lgwg x'g] qmd a9]sf] tYofÍn] b]vfPsf] 5 . :jf:Yo sfof{no sfe|]sf cg';f/
a]yfGrf]s ufpFkflnsfsf]
9'+vs{–RofDa|fËa]zL–;'s'dkm]bL–;fn3f /L–x'lr6f/–cF3]/L–em'/em'/];Ddsf] ;8snfO{ ;xfos /fhdfu{sf ?kdf k|:tfljt ul/Psf] zx/L ljsf; dGqL l;tf u'?Ën] atfO{g\ . a]yfGrf]ssf] kf6\g]vf]nf ;fF3'sf] d'v 9'+vs{ k'n lgdf{0fsf] lzNofGof; ub{} dGqL u'?Ën] k|b]zsf] /fhwfgL hf]8\g] pQm ;8snfO{ a}slNks /fhdfu{sf ?kdf dGqfnon] k|:tfjul/Psf]atfO{g\.
…c/lgsf] /fhdfu{ b]lv dbg e08f/L /fhdfu{ hf]8\g] ;8s ag]kf–kgf}tL–a]yfGrf]s x'Fb} dsjfgk'/sf] em'/em'/] hf]8\g] ;8s k|:tfljt a}slNks /fhdfu{sf ?kdf /fVg] lg0f{o ePsf] 5Ú–dGqL u'?Ën] elgg–…:yfgLo txsf hgk|ltlglw, k|b]z / ;+3 ;/sf/sf k|ltlglwx?n] pQm dfu{ k|b]z /fhwfgL hfg ;xh x'g] ePsfn] tTsfn lg0f{o u/L sfo{ cl3 a9fpg lgb{]zg lbP cg';f/dGqfno/ afFsL @ k]hdf
/ ljkL /fhdfu{ ;u ;xfos dfu{sf ?kdf /x]sf] nfFs'/L e~Hofª–kgftL–gdfa4–/fzL s6~h] dfu{ kl5 /fzL–dxfef/t–vfgLvfnf hf8g] hgd'lQm dfu{ &% lsdL / ag]kf–kgf}tL–a]yfGrf]ssf] 9vs–RofdfªazL–nlntk/sf] ;sdkmbL xb dsjfgk/sf] em/em/ ;8s #* lsdL ;xfos dfusf ?kdf k:tfljt eO{ lgdf0f sfosf]yfngLul/Psf]5. hgdlQm dfun ljkL /fhdfu{ blv dbge08f/L /fhdfunfO{ hf8g sfd u5{ eg] agkfaf6 z? ePsf] em/em/ ;Ddsf] ;8sn] c/lgsf] /fhdfu{ blv
k6s k6s Dofb yk eO{ ;+rfng ePsf cfof]hgfx?sf] ca Dofb gyKg] a? sfnf];"rLdf /fVg] dGqL b'nfnsf] r]tfjgL . df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf 8fF8fkf/L, sfe|]
b]zef/t;Fuemg};xhtfagfof]. ljsf;sf] klxnf] ;'rs ;8saf6 kl5 k/]sf lhNnfsf dxfef/t, vfgLvf]nf nufotsf kflnsfx? To;af6 k|efljt 5g\ . ;8s kx'Fr gePsf gful/sx? ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{sf] k|f/De;Fu} v'zL x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . pTkfbgnfO{ ;xh ahf/ k'¥ofpg ;lsPsf] 5 eg] gful/sx? lj/fdL x'Fbf c:ktfn k'¥ofpg ;xh x'g] ePsf] 5 . :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] ;lqmotf, k|b]z / ;+3 ;/sf/sf] ;dGjodf ljs6 kflnsfx? ;'udtfdf kl/0ft x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . ufpFkflnsf cWoIf sfG5fnfn lhDafn] ah]6 ljlgof]hgsf lx;fjn] dxfef/tsf] ljsf; kof{Kt ug{ ;lsg] atfP . ef}uf]lnstf, lgdf{0f Aoj;foLsf] l9nf ;'l:t tyf ljljw sf/0fn] ljlgof]hg ul/Psf]ah]6vr{x'g afFsL @ k]hdf
cfly{s jif{ @)&&÷)&* df lhNnfdf * hgf gjhft lzz'sf] lgwg x'Fbf kl5Nnf] jif{ @)&*÷)&( df !) hgf / @)&(÷)*) df !! hgfsf] lgwg ePsf] 5 . ;'Ts]/L u/fpg aly{Í ;]G6/ tyf c:ktnf n}hfFbf n}hfFb} cfdf / aRrf b'a}sf] Hofg uPsf 36gf klg 5g\ eg] aRrfsf] lgwg eP/ cfdfnfO{ arfPsf] 36gf klg 5g\ . kflnsf:t/df /x]sf :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?n] lbPsf] k|efjsf/L ;]jsfsf/0fu'0f:t/Lo/ afFsL @ k]hdf dbg e08f/L /fhdfu{ hf85 . oL ba dfu{ gful/sx?nfO{kxrk¥ofpg;xhxg5. hgd'lQm dfu{sf] klxnf] v08 ltgv'§] b]jL6f/ ;8s v08, b]lj6f/ 3lt{5fk uf]s'n] tfN9'uf ef]n{]gL em'/em'/] v08 -dbg e08f/L /fhdfu{ hf]l8G5_, ljkL /fhdfu{ b]lv lkGynL /haf; v08 / /haf; b]lj6f/;Ddsf] v08 /x]sf] 5 . b'O{j6f v08sf] sfo{ k|f/De eP;Fu} yk b'O{ v08sf] af]nkq ug{] dGqL o'j/fh b'nfnn] k|lta4tf AoQm u/]sf 5g\ . c/lgsf] /fhdfu{sf] lgdf{0f;Fu} sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfsf] ;'udtf, kx'Fr tyf pknAw :jf:Yo, lzIff, vfg]kfgL, /f]huf/ nufotsf ;'rsf+sx?df km8\sf] df/]sf] lyof] . l5d]sL b]z rLg / ljleGg lhNnf k'Ug] kx'Frdfu{ c/lgsf] kl5 ljkL /fhdfu{n] lhNnfsf] ;'udtf;Fu} l5d]sL
– sf7df8f}sf] Plng d]df]l/on k|yd – sfe|]sf] ljBf;fu/ t]>f], uf]N8]g l;4fy{ rf}yf]
nId0f ltdlN;gf wlnvn, sfe] lghL tyf cfjf;Lo ljBfno cu{gfOh]zg, g]kfn -KofA;g_ afudtL k|b]zåf/f w'lnv]ndf afudtL k|b]z :t/Lo KofA;g cGt/ljBfno nf]s g[To k|ltof]lutfsf] bf]>f] ;+:s/0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . k|ltof]lutfdf k|b]z leqsf !$ j6f ljBfno;xeflu lyP. k|ltof]lutfdf sf7df8f} lhNnfsf] Plng d]df]l/on :s'n k|yd ePsf] 5 . To:t} wflbª lhNnfsf] P8efG; Ps]8]dL bf]>f] ePsf] 5 . t]>f] :yfgdf sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfaf6 ;xeflutf hgfPsf] ljBf;fu/ :s'n ag]kf / wflbªs} ;S;]; Ps]8]dL wflbª ePsf 5g\ . eg] sfe|]knf~rf]slhNnfsf] uf]N8]gl;4fy{
Ps]8]dLn];fGTjgf k'/:sf/k|fKt u/]sf]5 . KofA;gn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] kflnsf :t/Lo k|ltof]lutfaf6 pTs[i6 ePsfx?sf] lhNnf :t/Lo k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{Psf] lyof] . ;f]lx k|lt:kwf{df pTs[i6 ePsfx?af6 k|b]z :t/df k|lt:kwf{sf nflu ;xeflu u/fO{Psf] lyof] . afudtL k|b]zdf pTs[i6 ePsfx?n] /fli6«o :t/sf] k|ltof]lutfdf ;ft j6} k|b]zsf pTs[i6x?;u k|lt:kwf{ ug{]5g\ . afudtL k|b]z :t/Lo k|ltof]lutfdf sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfaf6ljBf ;fu/:s'n ag]kf/ uf]N8]g l;4fy{ Ps]8]dL >Lv08k'/n] ;xeflutf hgfPsflyP . k|ltof]lutfdf afudtL k|b]z cWoIf s]zjnfn >]i7sf] cWoIftf /x]sf] lyof] . k|ltof]lutfdf afudtL k|b]zsf nf
;+:s[lt ko{6g tyf ;xsf/L dGqL k'sf/ dxh{gsf] k|d'v cfltYotf /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf afudtL k|b]z ;ef ;b:o lIfl/ª nfdf, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt k|d'v sfe|]sf k|d'v lbks'df/ uf}td, KofA;g s]lGb|o pkfWoIf ylsgs'df/ u'?Ë, s]lGbo pkdxf;lrj led;]g s];L, s]lGb|o ;b:o k"0f{s'df/ >]i7, ljBfyL{ sNof0f kl/ifb\ lgb{]zgfnosf lgb{]zs /fh]Gb| hf]zL, sf7df8f} ljZjljBfno ;fd'bflos lj:tf/ dxfzfvfsf lgb{]zs lszf]/ vgfn, sf7df8f} ljZjljBfno :s'n ckm d]l8sn ;fO{G;sf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t k|w'Dg >]i7, KofA;g sfe|]sf cWoIf Zofd e'h]n nufot KofA;gsf ljleGg txsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf]lyof].
kgf}tL÷zlgjf/ -kf}if & ut]_ ;DkGg tfd|fsf/ a|Dxfo0fL u'7Lsf] cGtu{tsf] tfd|fsf/ a|Dxfo0fL z}lIfs tyf ;Ddfg pk–;ldltaf6 cfof]lht cf7f}+ P;Pn;L÷P;O{O{ tyf bz hf]8 b'O{ ;Ddfg sfo{qmddf @)&# ;fnb]lv @)*) ;Ddsf z}lIfs jif{df P;Pn;L÷P;O{O{ plQ0f{ u/]sf ^$ hgf ljBfyL{x?nfO u'7Lsf tk{maf6 ;Ddfgkq Pj+ ;u'g k|bfg ul/of] eg] P;Pn;L÷P;O{O{ tk{m nIdLs[i0f tfd|fsf/ / bz hf]8 b'O{ tk{m laqmd tfd|fsf/sf] ;f}hGotfdf k|fKt dfofsf] lrgf] k|bfg ul/Psf]
5. To;}u/L k|To]s z}lIfs jif{df P;Pn;L÷P;O{O{ Pj+ bz hf]8 b'O{df ;jf]{Ts[i6 c+s Nofpg] ljBfyL{x?nfO{ k|ofu /fh tfd|fsf/sf] ;xof]udf gub /sd ;lxt :j= /fdaxfb'/ tfd|fsf/ :d[lt k'/:sf/ klg k|bfgul/of].cflZjg//f]lxn-@)&@_,
pT;n -@)&#_, cfe'if0f -@)&$_, k|lti7f / >]of -@)&%_, /f]lgt -@)&^_, cflzof@)&&_, lzl/if -@)&*_ / k|zfGt tfd|fsf/@)&(_ nfO{ P;Pn;L÷P;O{O{ tk{m / O{ef@)&#_, /O{;f -@)&$_, /f]lxn -@)&%_, pT;n -@)&^_, k|lbz -@)&&_, ;'k]Iff / >]of -@)&*_ / k|lgzf tfd|fsf/ -@)&(_ nfO{ bz hf]8 b'O{ tk{m :j= /fdaxfb'/ tfd|fsf/ :d[ltk'/:sf/k|bfgul/Psf]5. ;f]xL sfo{qmddf @)^& ;fnb]lv lbFb} cfPsf] :j=?k/fh :d[lt …d/0ff]k/fGt cu|h ;DdfgÚ o; k6s :j= xl/;'Gb/ tfd|fsf/sf nflu pxfFsf wd{kTgL cfzdfof tfd|fsf/nfO{ k|bfg ul/of] . u'7Lsf gfof] ljZjgfy tfd|fsf/, gsL+ r08]Zj/L tfd|fsf/ / ?k/fh :d[lt sf]ifsf k|ltlgwL k|f=8f= ;'dg /fh tfd|fsf/n] qmdzM ;Ddfgkq, bf];Nnf / gub /sd x:tfGt/0f ug'{ eof] . k|f=8f= ;'dg /fh tfd|fsf/ /
r08]Zj/L tfd|fsf/åf/f k|fof]lht Pj+ 8f= ;'dg /fh tfd|fsf/åf/f ;Dkflbt kgf}tL a|Xdfo0fL u'7Lsf] :dfl/sf …a|Xdfo0fLÚ sf] bf]>f] ;+:s/0fsf] ljdf]rg ul/Psf] lyof] eg] @)&( ;fnsf] :yfgLo lgjf{rgdf kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f g+= & df lgjf{lrt ;lag tfd|fsf/nfO{klg;Ddfgul/Psf]lyof]. pQm ;Ddfg sfo{qmddf cfly{s k|fof]hg ug]{ u'7Lof/x? k|ofu/fh tfd|fsf/, nIdLs[i0f tfd|fsf/, laqmd tfd|fsf/, k|f=8f= ;'dg/fh tfd|fsf/, /fh' tfd|fsf/, g/]Gb| tfd|fsf/, w|'as[i0f tfd|fsf/, pQd s[i0f tfd|fsf/, 1fg]Gb| tfd|fsf/, k|tfk tfd|fsf/nfO{ ;Ddfgkq lbOPsf] lyof] . k|f=8f= ;'dg/fh tfd|fsf/åf/f ;+rflnt pQm sfo{qmddf pQd s[i0f tfd|fsf/, t'o'sfhL tfd|fsf/, ;lag tfd|fsf/, nIdL s[i0f tfd|fsf/ / ljZjgfy tfd|fsf/n] cf–cfˆgf] dGtJo /fVg'ePsf] lyof].
gu/ v|Lli6ofg ;d'bfoåf/f
kfFrvfn÷kfFrvfn gu/ v|Lli6ofg ;d'bfosf] cfof]hgfdf v|Li6d;sf] cj;/df z'esfdgf cfbfg k|bfgu/]sf]5. kfFrvfn gu/kflnsf pkk|d'v ;'o{dfof bg'jf/sf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf cfof]lht z'esfdgf cfbfg k|bfg sfo{qmddf af]Nb} pkk|d'v bg'jf/n] ;a} wd{ ;dfg /x]sfn] ;a}n] cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf] wd{ / ;F:s[ltsf] hu]gf{ ug{'kg{] atfO{g\.;a}hfthfthftL,wd{;+:s[ltsf] /Iffug{':yfgLo;/sf/sf];d]tbfloTj
ePsfn] gu/kflnsfn] ;a}nfO{ ;dfg ?kn] Aoaxf/ ug{] bg'jf/n] atfO{g\ . sfo{qmddf kfFrvfn gu/ v|Lli6ofg ;d'bfosf cWoIf tyf sfo{qmdsf ;efktL kfi6/ zfGt/fd ;'g'jf/n] ax'hflto, ax'eflifs, ax'wfdL{s, ax';f:s[lts Pj+ ef}uf]lns ljljwftfn] el/Psf] ljZjs} Ps ;'Gb/ zfGt g]kfnsf] g]kfln gful/s ePsf]df uf}/a ug{' kg{] atfP . ;'g'jf/n] g]kfln gful/s bfh' efO{ tyf lblb alxlgx? ljr Ps ;fy ;dfhdf ;b\efj, k|]d Pstf d]nldnfk / zflGtdf
/xg'sf]s'g}ljsNkgePsf]atfP. kfrvfn gu/kflnsf leq !& j6f d08nL /xsf] / pQm d08nLdf ;a} y/Lsf bfhefO{ tyf lblbalxlgx?sf] pkl:ytL /xsf] ;gf/n] atfP . sfoqmddf :jfut dGtAo ojf ;ldlt ;lra ls/0f >i7n] /fvsf lyP eg] zesfdgf dGtAo lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf ;b:o cK;/f l;Kvfg, j8fcWoIfx?, kf 8f afnsi0f zdf{ nufPtn] /fvsf lyP . sfomqmddf ljleGg kltefx? k:ttL ePsf] lyof] eg] vLli6d; ;DalGw ;Gbzx? kbfg ul/Psf] lyof].
wlnvn÷Dof;8flgof alKt; d08nL wlnvnn] vLi6d; dgfPsf] 5 . sl/a @ xhf/ jif{ cufl8 oz vLi6 dfgjsf] ?k lnO{ ;;f/df cfpg' ePsf] ;Demgf :j?k O;fO{vLi6d;dgfpbcfO/xsf]5.x/sjif{
l8;Da/ @% tfl/vsf lbg gkfn nufot ;f/f ;;f/e/ oz vLi6sf] hGdfT;j dgfpg] ul/G5. Dof;8flgof alKt; d08nLsf kfi6/bj/fhe08f/Ln]ozo;;;f/df
cfpgsf] p2Zo / O;fOx?n] lsg vLi6d; dgfp5g\ eGg] af/df atfpgePsf] lyof] . sfoqmddf ;flults sfoqmdsf] ;dt cfofhgf ul/Psf] lyof] . sfoqmdsf] ;rfng ltdfyL e08f/Ln]ugePsf]lyof].
w'lnv]nsf] xf]6n tyf vfBfGg k;ndf cg'udg gfd rn]sf xf]6nx?df klg af;L vfgf v'jfpb} w'lnv]n÷w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf leq ;+rflnt xf]6n tyf vfBfGg k;nx? cg'udg ul/Psf] 5 . cfOtaf/ w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf pkk|d'v lg/fhg h+ud, ;xfos k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ;'jf; kf}8]n, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{nosf k|d'v o1 cf]nL, vfB tyf u'0f lgoGq0f sfof{nosf k|d'v dlgiff rfkfufO{ nufotsf] 6f]nLn] ahf/sf xf]6n tyf vfBGg k;nx?df cg'udgu/]sf]xf].
cg'udgsf] qmddf w'lnv]ndf/x]sfs]lxxf]6ntyf
/]:6'/]G6x?df u'0f:t/ gePsf] kfO{Psf] 5 . rlr{t xf]6n 5fk|f]df ;d]t af;L vfgf v'jfpg] u/]sf] cg'udgsf qmddf km]nf k/]sf] xf] . 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no sfe|]sf k|d'v tyf ahf/ cg'udg ;ldltsf ;b:o ;lrj o1 cf]nLn] 5fk|f] xf]6ndf cg'udgsf qmddf a]n'sfsf] vfgfdf gofF rfdn yk]/ ksfpg nfu]sf] cj:yfdf af;L vfgf v'jfpg] u/]sf] km]nf k/]sf]atfP. To:t} w'lnv]nsf] ;f/yL df6{df Dofb gf3]sf] s]lx vfGBfGg hkmt ul/Psf] 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{nosf
k|d'v oIf jnLn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . ;Fu}sf] au{/ xfp;sf] lsrg ;kmf gePsf] / lagf dfkb08 /Ë k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf] e]l6Psf] vfB tyf u'0f lgoGq0f sfof{nosf k|d'v dlgiff rfkfufO{n] atfO{g\ . w'lnv]n ahf/sf s]lx xf]6n tyf vfBGg k;ndf cg'udgsf qmddf clwsf+z xf]6nx?sf efG;f kmf]xf]/ ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . k|foMxf]6nsf aflx/ ;kmf x'G5g t/ leq efG;f x]bf{ /fd|f elgPsf,rNg] xf]6nx?sf efG;fx? kmf]xf]/ e]l6P,Ú rfkfufO{n] elgg …xfdLn] Psk6snfO{ ;kmf /fVg ;Nnfx lbPsf 5f}F / km]l/ To:t} e]l6P sf/afxLu5f}{+.Ú
hGd @))(.!).!@ :juf{/f]x0f @)*).(.*
:j= ljZjldq rf}+nfufO o; ;]tLb]jL b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=sf ;xfos n]vfkfn rfxgf ;fksf]6f rf}+nfufO{sf k"hgLo ;;'/f ljZjldq rf}+nfufOsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .
xl/x/ clwsf/L
Joj:yfks
lbks 9f]+8f/L ;x–Joj:yfks 6+sk|;fb 3f]/;fOg] k|f= Joj:yfks lbk]z clwsf/L sDKo'6/ ck/]6/ /d]z nfdf sfof{no ;xfos w'j{k|;fb Gof}kfg] ;x–Joj:yfks bof;fu/ rf}+nfufO{ ;x–Joj:yfks s[i0fk|;fb rf}+nfufO{ ;x–Joj:yfks wd} nfdf ;x–Joj:yfks ho/fd ahufO{ ;x–Joj:yfks lzjk|;fb Gof}kfg] ;x–Joj:yfks ;'lgtf tfdfª sfof{no ;xof]uL /fhf/fd bfxfn ;x 8]/L AjfO{ ;'sb]j 9'+ufgf ;x 8]/L AjfO{ ch{'g 3f]/f;fOg] ;x 8]/L AjfO{ /fh' b+ufn ;x 8]/L AjfO{ nId0f tfdfª ;x 8]/L AjfO{
;]tLb]jL b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf lnld6]8 sd{rf/L
>Lv08k'/÷>Lv08k'/ dfWolds ljBfnosf] $% cf} jflif{sf] pT;a w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf k|d'v czf]s Aof~h'sf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf]5. sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltyL AofGh'n] gu/sf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfnox?sf] ef}lts lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsfn] cj z}lIfs ultljlw a9fpg cfu|x u/]sf lyP . ljBfyL{x?nfO{ Aoxfl/s lzIff ;Fu} xfdLn] k|fljlws lzIff k|bfg ug{'kg{] atfP . ;/sf/L ljBfnodf /fHosf] w]/} nufgL eP klg k|ltkmn /fd|f] gcfPsf] eGb} Aof~h'n] lzIffdf gofF l;sfO{af6 z'? ug{'kg{] atfP . sfo{qmddf ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofks z+s/nfn clwsf/L jflif{s k|ltj]bg k|:t't u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf lzIff ljsf;tyf;dGjoO{sfO{w'lnv]nsf
clws[t ljGbf e't{]n, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf ;fdflhs ljsf; ;+of]hs tyf j8f gDa/ # sf j8f cWoIf u0f]z cfrfo{, j8f gDa/ % sf j8f cWoIf k|df]b ;'Gb/ >]i7, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf lzIff zfvf k|d'v ef]hs'df/ 7s'/L nufPtn] z'esfdgfdGtAo/fv]sflyP. sfo{qmddf pTs[i6 ljBfyL{ k'/:sf/ ljt/0f, cIfosf]if bftfx?nfO{ k|df0fkq ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf :jfut dGtAo cwf/e't txsf O{Grfh{ lza aGhf/fn] u/]sf lyP eg], wGoafb 1fkg ;xfos k|WofgfWofks h'h'efO{efO{ dfgGw/n] /fv]sf lyP . sfo{qmd ljBfnosf Aoa:yfkg ;ldlt cWoIf czf]srGb| uf]kfn w'h' >]i7sf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ljBfyL{x?n] ;fF:s[ltssfo{qmdk|:t'tu/]sflyP.
hGdM !(*&.*.!^
:j wgnfn dfgGw/
:juf{/f]x0fM @)*).(.(
o; sfF7' u0f]z art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= sf ;+rfns ;b:o /laGb| k|;fb dfgGw/sf] k"hgLo lktf wg nfn dfgGw/sf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgdf xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .
xl/uf]kfn dfgGw/ cWoIf tyf
hGdM @))(.!).!@ :juf{/f]x0fM @)*).(.*
:j ljZjldq rf}+nfufO
o; ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ;+:yfks ;+rfns ljZjldq rf}+nfufOsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]sfs"n kl/jf/hgx?k|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .
led;]g Gof}kfg]
cWoIf tyf
hgpTyfg t/sf/L pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kl/jf/, w'lnv]n–@, /lj, sfe|]
hGdM @))(.!).!@
:j= ljZjldq rf}+nfufO
>L uf]s'n] dfWolds ljBfno dxfef/t ufpFkflnsf–!, uf]s'n], sfe|]knf~rf]s lj1fkgg+=M)%.*).*! txMdf=lj= >]0fLMt[tLo-:yfoLb/aGbL_ ljifoMlj1fg ;+VofM! of]Uotf M d"n ljifo lj1fg lnO{ :gfts jf ;f];/x k/LIffb:t'/M?=!%)).–
ldlt M@)*).)(.* dxfef/t ufpFkflnsfsf] ldlt @)*).(.* ut]sf] k=g+=$@& / $@* sf] kq tyf o; ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{o cg';f/ o; ljBfnodf l/Qm /x]sf lj1fg / cFu|]hL ljifosf] c:yfoL s/f/ dfWolds txsf tkl;n adf]lhdsf lzIfsx? v'Nnf k|lt:kwf{af6 kbk"lt{ ug{'kg{] ePsfn] tkl;n adf]lhd of]Uotf k'u]sf g]kfnL gful/sx?af6 b/vf:t cfJxfg ul/Psf] 5 . of]Uotf k|fKt pDd]bjf/x?af6 ;"rgf k|sflzt ldltn] & lbglj1fg ljifosf] nflu_ lzIfs ;]jf cfof]uaf6 s/f/ ;"lrdf ;'lrs[t JolQmx?nfO{ ;Dks{ /fVgsf nflu hfgsf/L u/fpFb} / & lbgleq s/f/ ;"rLsf lzIfsx? ;Dks{ x'g gcfPdf v'Nnf k|lt:kwf{sf] dfWodaf6 ;"rgf k|sflzt ldltn] !% lbg / bf]Aa/ b:t'/sf] nflu yk & lbgleqlgj]bgk]zug{sfnfluof];"rgfk|sflztul/Psf]5. gf]6 M s/f/ ;"rLdf ;"rLs[t lzIfsx?sf] 5gf}6 pTs[i6tfsf] cfwf/df ul/g]5 .
lj1fkgg+=M)^.*).*! txMdf=lj= >]0fLMt[tLo-;+3LolzIf0f;xof]ucg'bfg_ ljifoMcFu|]hL ;+VofM! of]Uotf M d"n ljifo cFu|]hL lnO{ :gfts jf ;f] ;/x k/LIffb:t'/M?=!%)).–
tna M g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]adf]lhd pd]/M!*jif{k"/feO$)jif{ggf3]sf] \b/vf:t lbg :yfg M >L uf]s'n] df=lj= dxfef/t uf=kf=–!, uf]s'n], sfe|]knf~rf]s÷dxfef/tuf=kf=sf]sfof{no, email: shreegokulesecondary@gmail.com/mrmedusection@gmail.com kf7\oqmd M lzIfs ;]jf cfof]usf] ;+zf]wg lgodfjnL @)%( -;+zf]lwt kf7\oqmd_ n] tf]s]adf]lhd 5gf}6k|lqmofMlnlvttyfcGt/jf{tf{. b/vf:tlbg]clGtdldltM@)*).(.*ut]b]lv@)*).(.@&ut];Dd k/LIffldltM;Dks{ldltdfhfgsf/Lu/fOg]5. ;Dks{ldltM@)*).)(.@&ut]-$ah]kl5_ ;+nUg ug'{kg]{ sfuhftx?M !=g]kfnLgful/stfsf]k|df0fkqsf]k|ltlnlk @=z]}lIfsof]Uotfsf]k|df0fkqsfk|ltlnlk #=cWofkgcg'dltkqk|ltlnlk $=tflndtyfcg'ej;DaGwLk|df0fkqx? %=lg/f]lutfsf]k|df0fkq ^=x:tlnlvtlgj]bgkq–! gf]6Mykhfgsf/LsfnfluljBfnov'n]sf];dodf;Dks{ug{;lsg]5. ;Dks{ M (*%!)#^!(^ -ljJo;, cWoIf_, (*%!@@&)^% -k|wfgfWofks_ b/vf:t b:t'/ ljBfnosf] nIdL ;g/fO{h a}+s, dxfef/t zfvfsf] vftf g+= )(#)%$#%@&)!)) (SHREE GOKULE MADHYAMIK BIDHYALAYA) df hDdf ul/lbg'xf]nf.
hGdM @))(.!).!@ :juf{/f]x0fM @)*).(.*
:j ljZjldq rf}+nfufO
o; ;]tLb]jL hgsNof0f sf]if ;ldltsf ;+:yfks ;b:o ljZjldq rf}+nfufOsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]sfs"n kl/jf/hgx?k|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .
/fdk|;fb sf]O/fnf
cWoIf tyf
;]tLb]jL hgsNof0f sf]if
;ldlt kl/jf/, w'lnv]n–@, /lj, sfe|]
:juf{/f]x0fM @)*).(.*
hGdM @))(.!).!@
:j ljZjldq rf}+nfufO
:juf{/f]x0fM @)*).(.*
o; ljBfnonfO{ !@ sIff;Dd ;+rfng ug{sf nflu ljz]if of]ubfg k'¥ofpg'x'g] ;dfh;]jL ljZjldq rf}+nfufOsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]sfs"n kl/jf/hgx?k|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .
s'df/ 9'+ufgf
ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt cWoIf
wgaxfb'/ lji6 k|wfgfWofks tyf
;]tLb]jL dfWolds ljBfno kl/jf/ w'lnv]n–@, /lj, sfe|]
tTsfnLg /ljcf]kL uflj;sf g]skf Pdfn]sf ;+:yfks ;b:o, cu|h g]tf tyf w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf @ g+= j8f sld6Lsf ;Nnfxsf/ Pj+ ;+ul7t ;b:o /d]z rf}+nfufO{, ;+ul7t ;b:o 1fg]Gb| rf}+nfufO{sf k"hgLo lktf tyf ;+ul7t ;b:ox? c~h' rf}+nfufO{ / rfxgf rf}+nfufO{sf] k"hgLo ;;'/f ljZjldq rf}+nfufOsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]sfs"n kl/jf/hgx?k|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .
ljb'/k|;fb sf]O/fnf cWoIf Pj+
g]skf Pdfn] w'lnv]n gu/ @ g+= j8f sld6L kl/jf/, w'lnv]n–@, /lj, sfe|]
k|wfgGofwLzn] eg]– ‘k|ljlwd}qL Gofofnosf] kIfdf 5'’
– lhNnf cbfntsf] lg/LIf0f
w'lnv]n÷k|wfgGofofwLz ljZjDe/ k|;fb >]i7n] ;jf{]Rr cbfnt nufot b]ze/sf cbfntx?nfO{ k|ljwLd}qL agfpFb} clgoldttfnfO{ Ans u/L Gofodf kx'Fr k'¥ofpg cfjZos /x]sf] atfPsf5g\. g]kfn af/ lbj; -af/–8]_ @)*) sf] pknIodf zlgaf/ sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfsf] w'lnv]ndf cfof]lht af/ lbj;sf] z'ef/De ub{} k|wfgGofofwLz >]i7n] pQm wf/0ff /fv]sf x'g\ . af/ lbj;df ;xeflu x'g' cl3 k|wfgGofofwLz >]i7n] lhNnf cbfnt sfe|]knf~rf]ssf] lgl/If0f u/]sf lyP . ;f]lx qmddf sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfsf k|d'v lhNnf GofofwLz /fh]Gb| g]kfn, GofofwLzx? ljZjgfy e§/fO{ / lzjs'df/ kf]v/]n, >]:t]bf/ s0f{axfb'/ /fO{ nufotn] lhNnf cbfntn] ul//x]sf sfd, ;d:of tyf ef}lts cj:yfsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP . lhNnf cbfntn] ef}lts cj:yfsf sf/0f ;]jfu|fxLx?nfO{ ;xh ;]jf lbg c;xh dx;'; ul//x]sf] ;f]lx cj;/dfk|wfgGofofwLz>]i7nfO{hfgsf/L u/fO{Psf]lyof]. pkTosf af/ Pzf]l;Pzg, pRr cbfnt kf6g af/ Pzf]l;Pzg, sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfnt af/ Pzf]l;Pzg, eQmk'/ lhNnf cbfnt af/ Pzf]l;Pzg, nlntk'/ lhNnf cbfnt af/ Pzf]l;Pzg, ljz]if cbfnt af/ Pzf]l;Pzg / sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf cbfnt af/ P;f]lzPzgsf] cfof]hgfdf g]kfn af/ lbj; dgfO{Psf] xf] . sfo{qmddf af]Nb} k|wfgGofofwLz >]i7n] eg] Gofodf kx'Fr k'¥ofpg, clgoldttfnfO{ Ansub{}hfgk|ljwLd}qLx'gcfjZos5.
k|wfgGofofwLz >]i7n] eg]–…d cfPsf] lbg b]lv g} ;'wf/sf sfddf nflu/x]sf] 5' . ;jf{]Rr cbfntdf ePsf] ;'wf/ pRrdf, pRr cbfntdf ePsf] kl/jt{g lj:tf/} lhNnf cbfntdf k'¥ofO{g] 5 . pRr cbfntdf k]zLsf] tf/]v c6f]d]zg ug{] tof/L 5 . xfdL ;a} lt/ To;sf] z'?jft ug{]5f}+.Ú …ev{/} d rLg k'u]+ . s]lx ;do cl3 ef/t klg k'u]sf] lyPF . ToxfF ePsf] k|ljwLaf6 d k|efljt ePsf] 5' . cbfntdf g sfg"g Aoj;foL cfpF5g g sf]lx kIf cfpF5g < ;dosf] klg art . emGem6 klg 5}gÚ–k|wfgGofofwLz >]i7n] eg]–…g]kfnsf cbfntdf klg z'? u/f}+ . klxnf ;jf{]Rr cbfntdf z'? u/f} . s]lx ;do cl3 wgs'6faf6 ax; eof] . oxfF klg ;lsG5 . xfdLtof/g}5f}+.lel8of]sGkm/]G;af6ax; ug{ rfxg' x'G5 eg] tkfO{ sfg'g Aoj;foLx?n] Pp6f ;Gb]z k7fO{ lbg'; . xfdL To;sf] Aoj:yfkg ug{]5f} .Ú k|ljwLaf6 hgtf;Fu glhs x'g] / gful/sd}qL ;]jfdf ;xhtf Nofpg] ljifodf cfkm' ;ky vfPsf] lbg b]lv g} k|oTg /x]sf] atfpFb} k|wfgGofofwLz >]i7n] eg]–…bfr{'nfaf6 sf7df8f};Ddax;/askqug{lsgcfpg' k¥of] < k|ljwLaf6 g} x'g] eP klg ;do / vr{ b'a}sf] art dfq} ePg . clgoldttf /f]Sg] Pp6f Ans klg z'? eof] . d ;'wf/sf nflu k|oTg/t 5' . ;fy / ;xof]u ;a} kIfsf] cfjZos 5 .Ú g]kfnsf cbfnt k|ljwLd}qL agfpg ;lsPg eg] w]/} kl5 kl/g] k|wfgGofofwLz>]i7n]atfP. :jtGq Gofokflnsf k|ljwLd}qL ;]jf, ;Ifd sfg"g Joj;foL k]zfut dof{bf eGg] gf/fsf ;fy z'? ePsf]
sfo{qmdsf] w'lnv]ndf pb\3f6g kl5 k|wfgGofwLz ljZjDe/k|;fb >]i7n] sf7df8f} lhNnf leq /x]sf tLgj6f cbfnt ljz]if, >d / a}b]lzs /f]huf/ GofofwLs/0fdf lel8of] sG;km/]G;af6 ax; / askq nufotsf sfo{ z'? ul/Psf] atfP . k|wfgGofofwLz ljZjDe/k|;fb >]i7n] eg]–…tkfO{ sfg"g Aoj;foLx? tof/ eP ;jf{]Rr cbfnt, pRr cbfnt / lhNnf cbfntdf ;d]t pQm k|ljwL sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsG5 .Ú k|wfgGofofwLz >]i8n] lel8of] sGkm/]G;af6 ax; / askq ug{] Aoj:yf ldnfpg af/sf cWoIfx?nfO{ cg'/f]w u/]sf] atfP . k|wfgGofofwLz >]i7n] ;'wf/sf kf6f] vf]hf} eg] klg k|ljwLsf dfWodaf6 klg ;'wf/ ug{] s'/fdf sf]lxklg;xdtgePsf]atfP. af/ lbj;sf] cj;/df w'lnv]n j;kfs{af6 gu/kflnsf ;efxn;Dd afhfufhf ;lxt kbofqf ul/Psf] sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf cbfnt af/ P;f]l;Pzgsf cWoIf lji0f'k|;fb ;fksf]6fn] hfgsf/L lbP . sfe|]sf cWoIf ;fksf]6fsf] cWoIftf /x]sf] sfo{qmddf clwaQmf nfntf/f clwsf/Lsf] :jfut /x]sf] lyof] eg] clwaQmf lg/f]h g]kfnsf] ;+rfngdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf dxfGofofwLaQmf 8f=lbgd0fL kf]v/]n, jf/sfcWoIfuf]kfns[i0fl3ld/],dxf;lrj cl~htf vgfn, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf k|d'v czf]s Aof~h', ag]kf gu/kflnsf pkk|d'v ljdnf ;fksf]6f, pRr cbfnt, lhNnf cbfntsf GofofwLzx?, al/i7 clwaQmfx?, jf/ Pzf]l;P;gsf jt{dfg / k'j{ kbflwsf/Lx?, ljleGg OsfO{sf k|ltlglwx?, k'j{ dxfGofwLaQmfx? / sfg"g Aoj;foLx?sf];xeflutf/x]sf]lyof].
r08]Zj/L h]i7 gful/ssf] rf}yf]
;fwf/0f ;ef
ag]kf÷>LdfO{ r08]Zj/L gful/s cf>dsf] rf}yf] ;fwf/0f ;ef cf>dsf pkfWoIf k'iksfhL >]i7sf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;efdf cf>dsf] cfly{s jif{ @)&(÷*) sf] jflif{s k|lta]bg ;lra p4j cfrfo{n] / cfly{s k|lta]bg cf>dsf sf]iffWoIf Pj+ kt~hnL of]u ;ldltsf s]lGb|o ;b:o u|'a]g tf}hnn]n] ;efdf k|:t't ug{' ePsf] lyof].
sfo{qmdsf ljz]if cltly k|fljlws lzIffnosf k"j{ 8fO{/]S6]/ 8f= hoaxfb'/ 608gn] a[4 x'g' afWotf geO{ zf:jt ;Totf xf], To;}n] h]i7 gful/sx?nfO{ cGt/fli6«o dfkb08 cg';f/ hLjgofkg ug{ lbg'kg{] atfP . sfo{qmddf ;GWofsflng cf/tL ehgsf cWoIf Pj+ cf>dsf sfo{;ldlt ;b:o ;dfh;]jL /fduf]kfn sfo:y, g]kfn kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;3+sf cWoIf k|sfz sfo:y, n]vf kl/Ifs ljsf; aB, cf>dsf kbflwsf/L, ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfsf k|ltlglw, cf/tL ;d'xsf ;b:ox?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf cf/tL ehg dfkm{t h]i7 gful/sx?nfO{ Gofgf] sk8f ljt/0f ug{ O{h/fon l:yt g]kfln r]nL h]gL kflv|gn] gub #) xhf/ ;xof]u ug{' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmd ;~rfng cf>dsf ;x ;lrj df]xg a}wn] u/]sf lyP eg] ;efdf cfudL kfm'g @ ut] ljlwat cf>dsf] lzNofGof; ug{] hfgsf/L u/fO{Psf]lyof].
:jbzdf ojf ljBfyL{ s;/L
kgf}tL÷ljBfno :t/sf] k9fO{ g;lsb} cfd ljBfyL{x?n] ljb]z hfg] wf/0ff agfpg yfln;s]sf] ;Gbe{df kgf}tLdf /x]sf] O{Gb|]Zj/ SofDk; tyf sfe|] ;]jf ;dfhn] ljBfy{Lx?nfO{ ;/sf/L ;]jf ;DalGw hfgsf/L d'ns sfo{qmd z''? u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmddf ljleGg ;/sf/L ;]jfaf6 cjsf; k|fKt k|lzIfsx?4f/f ljBfyL{x?nfO{ :jb]zd}k|fKtcj;/nfO{s;/L k|fKtLug]{eGg] af/]df hfgsf/L lbg'sf ;fy} ljBfyL{x?nfO{ cfkm\gf] Ifdtf cg';f/ :jb]zdf sfd ug{ k|]/0ff ;d]t k|bfg ul/g] sfe|] ;]jf ;dfhsf cWoIfk|Nxfbs];Ln]atfP . sfo{qmddf ljBfyL{x?n] cfkm\gf] k9fO{sf ;fy} nf]s;]jf cfof]un] lng] kl/Iffdf ;d]t ;fd]n x'g k|]/0ff lbb} lghfdlt, ;'/Iff :jf:Yo nufot ljleGg ;]jf k|j]zsf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . z'qmjf/ cfof]lht sfo{qmdddf k'j{ ;x;lrj k|lbk/fh s0f]Fnn] eg]–…ljBfyL{x?n] cfkm\gf] Ifdtf cg';f/ cj;/sf] vf]hL / k|lt:kwf{ ug'{ k5{ . Pp6f Jofrn/ u/]sf] o'jf ljBfyL{n] k//fi6«df zfvf clws[t kf; eP !%÷!^ jif{ kl5 Tof] JolQm cd]l/sfsf] /fhb't ;Dd x'g ;S5 .Ú k'j{ ;x;lrj sF0f]n eG5g– …clxn] ljBfyL{x?n] ef8f dfem\g k/]klg h;/L klg dcd]/LsfhG5'eg]/k|of;ug]{sLclxn]
zfvf clws[t eP/ cd]/Lsfsf] /fhb't ;Dd x'G5' eg]/ k|of; ug]{ < .Ú cfkm\gf] Ifdtf cg';f/ x/]s If]qdf cAan aGg ;lsg] eGb} pgn] ljBfyL{x?nfO{ nf]s;]jfn] lng] kl/Iff af/]df hfgsf/L/fVgcfu|xu/]. bz hf]8 b'O{ kf; ePsf] / @@ jif{ pd]/ ggf3]sf] JolQm ;]gfdf ckml;/ x'g ;Sg] eGb} k'j{ s0f]{n ;'o{ clwsf/L eG5g– ;]gfdf cfkm\gf] Ifdtf cg';f/ ;]gf, k|x/L nufPt ;'/Iff lgsfodf ;d]t k|;:t cj;/x? ePsf]n] ljBfyL{x?n] a]n}df ;f]r ljrf/ u/]/ ;]jf k|j]zdf k|of; ug'{k5{ . ljBfyL{x?n] cfkm\gf] k9fO{ ;u} ;/sf/L ;]jf k|j]zsf] klg tof/L ug'{ kg]{ atfpb} OGb|]Zj/ SofDk; k|d'v >Ls'df/ ;'jfn eG5g– ljBfyL{x? ljb]z knfPg x'g] ;f]rnfO{ x6fP/ :jb]zdf k|fKt x'g ;Sg] cj;/x? k|lt k|lt:kwf{ ug{ ;Sg] aGg'k5{ . ljBfyL{x?nfO{ ;/sf/L ;]jf ;DalGw hfgsf/L d'ns sfo{qmddf l8km]G; Sofl/o/ Ps]8dLsf ;|f]t JolQm k'j{ l8cflh k'0f{ l;+x v8\sf, k'j{ P;P;kL u'Kt jxfb'/ >]i7, sfe|] ;]jf ;dfhsf dxf;lrj k'j{ P;P;kL /f3j l;+x yfkf nufPtn] ljBfyL{x?nfO{ ;]jf k|j]zaf/] hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP . cfof]hsn] OGb|]Zj/ SofDk;sf] cnfjf cGo SofDk;sf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ klg o:tf] :jb]zd} /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ k|fKt ug{ / k|lt:klw{ aGg k|f]T;fxg ug{ lgoldtsfo{qmd;~rfngul/g]atfPsf5g\.
kgf}tL÷lv|i6d; @)@# sf cj;/df kgf}tLsf] xfe{]i6 afO{an rr{df ljleGg sfo{qmdsf]cfof]hgfu/LdgfPsf]5.
rr{sf kfi6/ kbd axfb'/sf] ansf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf o]z' lv|i6 hGdpT;asfca;/dfk|fy{gfu/LljleGgsfo{qmdx?ub}{dgfPsf]lyof].
hGd @))(.!).!@ :juf{/f]x0f @)*).(.* :j= ljZjldq rf}+nfufO
xfd|f cfTdLo ldq Pj+ /fhgLlt1, ;dfh;]jL ljZjldq rf}+nfufOsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .
b]jk|;fb sf]O/fnf /fddl0f sf]O/fnf eujtL clwsf/L /df Gof}kfg]
s[i0f a= 9'+ufgf dw's/ u]nfn
rt'e{'h ltdlN;gf lx/fsfhL tfdfª hgfb{g sf]O/fnf w'j{ 3f]/f;fOg] s'df/ /;fO{nL ljd]z sf]O/fnf
s]bf/k|;fb sf]O/fnf zDe' Gof}kfg]
uf}/Ldfg tfdfª s]zjk|;fb sf]O/fnf ch{'g u]nfn cRo't sf]O/fnf
lg/~hg u]nfn ;fg'efO{ sf]O/fnf lr/l~hjL sf]O/fnf k"0f{axfb'/ kl/of/ OZj/ a~hf/f sdn lu/L
s[i0fx/L sf]O/fnf aRr'/fd Gof}kfg] lvsk|;fb uf}td slj/fh Gof}kfg]
nId0f lu/L /0faxfb'/ lj=s= w'lnv]n–@, /lj, sfe|]
l6sfaNwj ;fksf]6f zflns/fd Gof}kfg]
ljb'/ sf]O/fnf /d]z sf]O/fnf /3'gfy sf]O/fnf O{Zj/jNwj ;fksf]6f bfdf]b/ sf]O/fnf
ljZjljBfno cg'bfg cfof]u (UGC) af6 u'0f:t/sf] QAA k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf] sfe|] lhNnfsf] pTs[i6 z}lIfs ;+:yfdf z}lIfs ;q @)*).)*! sf] nflu :gfts (Bachelor) tx / :gftsf]Q/ tx (Master Degree) sf sIffx?df egf{ v'Nof] .
SofDK; k|d'v
kmf]g g+= )!!–$$))@*, (*$!$#!))!, (*$!#))*)*
t]hu+uf ax'd'vL SofDk; kgf}tLsf] nflu ;'/Iffuf8{ cfjZostf ePsf]n] lgDg of]Uotf k'u]sf] g]kfnL gful/sn] b/vf:t lbg'x'g cg'/f]w ul/G5 .
;+Vof M ! -hgf_ -ljxfgsf] nflu dfq_ z}lIfs of]Uotf M ;fdfGo n]vk9 ug{ hfGg] e'k" k|x/L tyf ;]gfaf6 cjsfz k|fKtnfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf
yk hfgsf/Lsf] nflu
t]hu+uf ax'd'vL SofDk; kgf}tL, sfe|] ;Dks{ g+= )!!–$$))@*, $$!$&&, (*$!$#!))!
k|;fb
rf/bf]af6f], ag]kf
;:tf / e/kbf pkrf/sf nflu
xfd|f ;]jfx? M lkmlhl;og, :qL/f]u, xf8hf]gL{, gfs, sfg, 3f“6L, dfgl;s nufot ljleGg /f]usf]
pkrf/
x/]s lbg {g ;]jf ;h
:qL/f]u ljz]if1 ;]jf k|To]s lbg
v'Ng] ;do M ljxfg & b]lv a]n'sf & ah];Dd
gf M lgM 'Ns hf x ]s ]6 z ;'u/ Fr / dl gf f] ! ut P f] 5 x s ;'? ul/ s ;Dks{ )!!–^^$##@, (*$)@^!!%^, (*)#%%&$*(@
gjnIdL ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]kf–&, sfe|] ;+zf]wg
o; ;xsf/Lsf] ldlt @)*).*.@* ut] k|sflzt ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DaGwL ;"rgfdf pNn]lvt k|:tfax?df b]xfocg';f/ ;+zf]wg ul/Psf] x'Fbf ;DalGwt ;a}sf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . k|:tfax? !=cf=a=)&(.)*) sf] k|ltj]bgx? @=cf=a=)*).)*!sf] cg'dflgt ah]6 . #=n]vf kl/Ifs lgo'lQm / kfl/>lds tf]Sg] . $=n]vf kl/Ifssf] k|ltj]bg tyf )&(.*) sf] jf;nft lx;fj cg'df]bg ug]{ . %=;+:yfsf] gfddf /x]sf] crn ;DktL las|L ;DaGwL ^=;+:yf PsLs/0f ;DaGwL . &=ljljw .
o; ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{ofg';f/ tklznsf] ldlt, :yfg / ;dodf lgDg ljifox?df 5nkmn ul/ lg0f{o lngsf nflu o; ;+:yfsf] kGw|f}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef a:g]ePsfn];Dk"0f{z]o/;b:ox?nfO{pkl:yltsf]nfluxflb{s cg'/f]wub{5f}+. 5nkmnsf laifox? M !_ ;+rfns ;ldltsf] tkm{af6 cWoIfHo"n] k|:t't ug{] cf=a= @)&(÷*) sf] jflif{s k|lta]bgdfly5nkmnu/Lkfl/tug]{;DaGwdf.
@_cf=a=@)&(÷*)sf]n]vfkl/If0fk|ltj]bgdfly5nkmnu/Lkfl/tug]{;DaGwdf. #_n]vf;ldltsf]cf=a=@)&(÷*)sf]jflif{sk|ltj]bgk|:t'tug{];DaGwdf. $_;+:yfsf]jflif{sah]6tyfsfo{qmdcg'df]bgug{];DaGwdf.
%_ cf=a= @)*)÷*! sf] n]vf kl/If0f ug{ n]vf kl/Ifssf] lgo'lQm tyf lghsf] kfl/>ldslgwf{/0fug]{;DaGwdf.
;'d]? art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]kf–&, sfe|]knf~rf]s kmf]g g+= M )!!—^^#))^
gjf jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DaGwL ;"rgf o; ;+:yfsf] ldlt @)*)÷)*÷!& ut] a;]sf] ;+rfns ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{ofg';f/ tklznsf] ldlt, :yfg / ;dodf lgDg ljifox?df 5nkmn ul/ lg0f{o lngsf nflu o; ;+:yfsf] gjf}}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef a:g] ePsfn] tkfO{sf] clgjfo{ pkl:yltsf] nfluxflb{scg'/f]wub{5f}+.
5nkmnsf laifox? M !_cf=a=@)&(÷*)sf];lrjsf]jflif{sk|ultk|lta]bgkfl/tug]{;DaGwdf. @_cf=a=@)&(÷*)sf]n]vf;'kl/j]If0f;ldltsf]k|ultk|lta]bgkfl/tug]{;DaGwdf. #_cf=a=@)&(÷*)sf]sf]iffWoIfsf]cg'dflgtcfo—Aoo;DaGwdf. $_cf=a=@)*)÷*)sf]n]vfkl/I.0fk|ltj]bgkfl/tug]{;DaGwdf. %_cf=a=@)*)÷*!sf]n]vfkl/Ifslgo'lQm/kfl/>ldslgwf{/0fug]{;DaGwdf. ^_;fwf/0f;efsf]lg0f{ok'l:tsfdfb:tvtug{k|ltlglw5gf}6;DaGwdf. &_sfo{If]qla:tf/ug]{;DaGwdf. *_Plss/0f;DaGwdf. (_lgjf{Rfg;DaGwdf !)_ljljw.
sfo{qmd M ldltM@)*)÷)(÷@!ut],zlgaf/ ;doMlaxfg!)M))ah]b]lv#M))ah];Dd :yfgM;+:yfsf];DalGwtsfof{noeagdf
d'Vo sfof{no ag]kf–&, rfFblgrf]s
kgf}lt ;]jfs]Gb| kgf}lt–&, s'zfb]jL /f]8
kf“rvfn ;]jfs]Gb| kfFrvfn–$, ;dfhsNof0f rf]s
;DalGwt ;b:ox?n] ;b:otf sfod /x]sf] ;]jfs]Gb|df dfq pkl:yt x…g cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ .
k'gZrM !_ ;fwf/0f ;efdf kl/ro v'Ng] sfuhkq lnP/ cfkm} pkl:yt x'g];b:ox?nfO{dfqkl/jxgvr{pknAwu/fO{g]5.
cWoIf
Nepal English Language Teachers' Association (NELTA) sfe|]sf] lhNnf ;Dd]ng tyf jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef lgDgfg';f/ ;DkGg x'g] ePsfn] ;Dk"0f{ cfhLjg ;b:ox?sf] pkl:yltsf] nflu cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ . sfo{qmd ldlt M @)*) kf}if !$ ut], zlgjf/ ;do M ljxfg !)M#) ah]b]lv :yfg M 1fgs'~h z}lIfs k|lti7fg, ag]kf
sfo{qmd M ldlt M@)*)÷)(÷@( ut] ;do M laxfg !!M)) ah] b]lv @M)) ah] ;Dd :yfg M ;+:yfsf] d'Vo sfof{no, ag]kf
^_ cf=a= @)&(÷*) df ;+rfns ;ldltsf] lg0f{on] eP u/]sf d'Vo d'Vo lg0f{ox? 5nkmnu/Lcg'df]bgug{];DaGwdf. &_ ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{o k'l:tsfdf x:tfIf/ u/L lg0f{o kfl/t ug{sf] nflu z]o/wgL ;b:oPj+;+rfns;ldltaf6k|ltlglw5gf}6;DaGwdf. *_pklgjf{rg;DaGwdf. (_;+:yfPsLs/0f;DaGwdf. !)_gLlttyfsfo{ljlwx?kfl/tug{];DaGwdf. !!_;+:yfsf]ljlgodk'gn]{]vg;DaGwdf. !@_ljljw. cWoIf
;RrfOPsf]M
utf+s k|sflzt clhdf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=sf] af]nsaf]n ;DaGwL @! lbg] ;"rgf cGtu{t zt{x?df af]nsaf]n x'g'kg{]df cGoyf ePsf]n] ;RrfOPsf] 5 . –;+=
/]lah /f]uaf6
aRg af}nfxf s's'/ b]lv ;hu /xf}+ .
:jf:Yo sfof{no sfe|]
Conference Theme: Using Growth Mind set in ELT ;Dks{ (*%!!^^#^^$÷(*%!!&@#))÷(*%!!^*%@*÷(*$!!)((^@ tyf
lwtf aGws ;DklQ lnnfd ;DaGwL & lbg cToGt h?/L ;"rgf
pu|tLy art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).(.!@
ag]kf–&, sfe|], kmf]g g+= )!!–^^$)@$, ^^$)@& o; ;+:yfsf] tklznsf] C0fL ;b:ox?n] crn ;DklQ lwtf] ;'/If0f /fvL C0f lnPsf]df pQm C0fsf] lgoldt ?kdf ;+:yfnfo{ ltg{' a'emfpg' kg{] ;fFjf, Jofh Pj+ cGo b}b:t'/ ;do leq glt/L ga'emfO{ o; ;+:yf;Fu ug{'ePsf] zt{ ;Demf}tf pNn+3g u/L a;]sf]df ;+:yfn] k6s k6s df}lvs tyf lnlvt hfgsf/L u/fO{ ldlt @)*).%.@! ut] r]i6f ;fKtflxs klqsf dfkm{t ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L C0f r'Qmf ug{ cg'/f]w ug{ ;d]t cfhsf ldlt;Dd pQm C0f r'Qmf gu/]sfn] C0fL ;b:o Pj+ hdfgLstf{ / ;DalGwt lwtf]jfnfn] C0f lnFbf u/]sf] ;Demf}tf adf]lhd of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] & lbgleq ;fFjf Jofh xh{gf / cGo b}b:t'/ /sdx? ;+:yfdf bflvnf ug{'xf]nf cGoyf ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] & cf}+ lbg lwtf] h] h:tf] cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 ;f]lx cj:yfdf lnnfd ljqmL ul/g] x'Fbf lnnfd a9fa9 u/L lng O{R5's dxfg'efjx?nfO{ hfgsf/Lsf] nflu of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . C0fL ;+:yfsf ;+rfns ;ldlt Pj+ hdfgLstf{ / lwtf] hdfgtjfnf ;d]t ;'/If0fdf /x]sf] lwtf] lnnfd ljqmL ul/g] hfgsf/L ub{} lwtf] n]lvlbPsf] ;DklQ lnnfd ljqmL ubf{ o; ;+:yfaf6 ul/Psf] d'Nof+sg /sdeGbf sd d'Nodf lnnfd ljqmL eof] jf d]/f]÷xfd|f] ;DklQsf] plrt d"no k|fKt geO{ ;+:yfn] sd d'Nodf lnnfd ljqmL u¥of] egL slx st} ph'/ afh'/ ug{ kfpg'x'g] 5}g . ;'/If0fdf /x]sf] ;DklQ lnnfd ljqmL ubf{ klg ;+:yfsf] ;Dk"0f{ n]gf /sd c;'n pk/ gePdf ;xsf/L P]g @)&$, lgodfjnL @)&% ;+:yfsf] ljlgod / C0f nufgL gLlt tyf k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd C0fL ;b:osf] rn crn ;DklQx?af6 lwtf]n] gvfd]sf] aSof}tf C0f /sd c;'n pk/ ul/g]5 . tkl;n s|=; ;b:o g+ C0fLsf] gfd jtg lwtf ;'/If0fdf /flvPsf] ;DktL hdfgLlbg]sf] gfd ! )@%@! gfdM P]dfg l;+x kl/of/ a'jfMcfza=kl/of/ afh]Mef]6]kl/of/ 7]ufgfMlkm/lkm/]!#,tgx'F gf=k|=k=g+M$&!^)
@ )!)() gfdM ;/f]h b'jfn a'jfMeQmnfn afh]MnfnsfhLb'nfn 7]ufgfMsfe|]!,ag]kf gf=k|=k=g+M@)÷&^$$$
# )!)()
gfdM s[i0fdfof ldhf/ a'jfM/Tgk|=ldhf/ afh]M;"o{a=ldhf/ 7]ufgfMkfFrvfn#,sfe|] gf=k|=k=g+M&!^%%
$ )!&##
gfdM ofbj k|;fb x'dfuf{O{ a'jfMv8fgGbx'dfufO{ afh]MejfgLbQx'dfufO{ 7]ufgfMkm'naf/L#,sfe|] gf=k|=k=g+M!@)!&
lgh C0fL P]dfgl;+x kl/of/sf] gfddf dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]df btf{ ePsf] w'lnv]n g=kf= j8f g+= @ /ljsf] If]qkmn )–*–)–), )–!$–#–!, $–^–#–) hUuf / ;f]n]rr]{sf]lnulnufkft
lgh C0fL ;/f]h b'jfnsf] gfddf dfnkf]t sfof{no l;Gw'nLdf btf{ ePsf] d'nsf]6sf]If]qkmn@–!$–@–), !–!$–@–) hUuf / ;f]n] rr]{sf] lnulnufkft
lgh C0fL s[i0fdfof ldhf/sf] gfddf dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]df btf{ ePsf] kfFrvfn g=kf= j8f g+= # sf] If]qkmn #–@–!–) hUuf / ;f]n] rr]{sf] lnulnufkft
lgh C0fL ofbjk|;fb x'dfufO{sf] gfddf dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]df btf{ ePsf] gdf]a'4 g=kf= j8f g+= @ sf] If]qkmn #–!#–@–! hUuf / ;f]n] rr]{sf] lnulnufkft
gfdMs[i0fdfofldhf/ kltM /Tga=ldhf/ afh]M;"o{a=ldhf/ 7]ufgfMkfFrvfn#, gf=k|=k=g+M@!!@÷*)$
gfdM;?eQmb'nfn a'afM;/f]hb'jfn afh]MeQmnfnb'nfn 7]ufgfMsfe|]!,ag]kf gf=k|=k=g+M@!!@÷*)$
gfdMP]dfgl;+xkl/of/ a'afMcfzaxfb'/kl/of/ afh]Mafh]ef]6]kl/of/ 7]ufgfMlkm/lkm/]!# gf=k|=k=g+M$&!^)
gfdMOlGb/fx'dfufO{ kltMofbjk|;fbx'dfufO{ ;;'/fMv8fgGbx'dfufO{ 7]ufgfMkm'naf/L#,sfe|] gf=k|=k=g+M#)))@ k'gZrM !_ ldlt @)*)÷)(÷@) ut] z'qmaf/sf lbg o; ;+:yfsf] sfof{nodf lnnfd laqmL ul/g]5 . ;f] lbg labf k/] ;f] sf] ef]lnkN6 ul/g]5 . @_ lnnfd laqmL ;+:yfsf] sfof{nodf laxfg !!M)) ah] b]lv $M)) ah] ;Dd x'g]5 . #_ lnnfd laqmL laleGg ;/sf/L sfof{no tyf :yflgo lgsfoaf6 pkl:yt x'g' ePsf k|ltlglw tyf C0fLsf] /f]xa/df ul/g]5. ;/sf/L sfof{no tyf :yflgo lgsfoaf6 k|ltlglw / C0fL pkl:ylt gePdf lnnfd laqmL ug{ afwf k/]sf] dflgg] 5}g . $_lnnfd laqmL ;sf/ ug{ ;a}eGbf a9L saf]n ug]{ AolQmn] cfkm'n] saf]n u/]sf] c+ssf] !) k|ltzt /sd ;f]lx ;+:yfdf w/f}6Lsf] ?kdf bflvnf ug]{kg]{5 . afFsL /sd & lbg leqdf hDdf u/L lnnfd laqmL ;sf/ u/]sf] crn ;Dklt cfkm\gf] gfpdf gfd;f/L ;Sg' kg]{5 . gfd;f/L ubf{ nfUg] b:t'/ tyf nfe s/ lnnfd laqmL ;sf/ ug]{ AolQmn] a'emfpg' kg]{5 . %_ lnnfd laqmL ;sf/ ug{ ;a}eGbf a9L saf]n ug]{ AolQmn] cfkm'n] saf]n u/]sf] c+ssf] !) k|ltzt /sd ;f]lx ;+:yfdf w/f}6Lsf] ?kdf bflvnf gu/]df To;kl5 s|dz ;a}eGbf a9L c+s saf]n ug]{ AolQmsf] gfpdf lnnfd laqmL ;sf/ ul/g] 5 . ^_ lnnfd laqmL ;sf/ ug{ saf]n ug]{ AolQm cfkm} jf sDkgL, ;+3 ;+:yf, km{dsf] tkm{af6 k|ltlglw pkl:yt x'g'kg]{5,. AolQmsf] xsdf g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq, / sDkgL, ;+3 ;+:yf, km{dsf] xsdf cf= a= )*)÷)*! ;Dd glas/0f ePsf] btf{ k|df0fkq, Kofg sf8{, s/ r'Qmf k|df0fkq k]z ug'{kg]{5 . &_;+:yfsf] ;ldlt tyf pk ;ldltdf /x]sf kbflwsf/Lx? jf sdf{rf/Lx? jf lghsf kl/jf/ jf cfkmGtn] lnnfd laqmLdf efu lng jf af]n saf]n ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
*_lnnfd laqmL ;DaGwdf lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ ;+rfns ;ldltdf lglxt x'g]5 .
r]i6f klAns]zg k|f=ln=åf/f k|sflzt tyf d'lb|t, cWoIf M czf]s Jof~h", sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbs M df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf, ;x ;Dkfbs M nId0f ltdlN;gf, sDKo'6/ ck/]6/ M nf]saxfb'/ yfkf, sfof{no M ag]kf !), sfe|], kmf]g g+= )!!^^@$($, email: cheshtaweekly@yahoo.com/website: www.cheshtaweekly.com.np, d'b|0f M ;Gtf]if lk|lG6ª k|];, ag]kf, sfe|] .