Year 29 issue 39

d[To' 3f]if0ffsf] Ps jif{d} ‘6'Kn'Ss’

jif{ cyf{t @)$# ;fn d+l;/ !^ ut] b]lv a]kQf eP kl5 cbfntaf6 Goflos d[To' 3f]if0ff ul/Psf gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ * sf ^$ jlif{o /fdaxfb'/ ;fsL{ Ps jif{ kl5 6'Kn'Ss b]vf k/]sf 5g\ . …d d/]sf] 5}g eGb} cfˆgf] gfddf ;DktL lnP/ km]/L pgL ef/tsf] snsQf kmls{PÚ–:yfgLon] eg] . #^ jif{ b]lv lg/Gt/ ;Dks{ ljlxg /x]sf /fdaxfb'/ ;fsL{ PSsf;L 3/ kmls{P kl5 cfkmGtx? g} rlst ePsf lyP . …a'af lj/fdL x'g' eof] . cfdf lj/fdL x'g' eof] . >LdtL lj/fdL eP/ c:ktfndf 56k6fP/ x}/fg lyof] . 5f]/Lsf] a]xfn eof] t/ klg plgx?sf] ;Dks{df /fdaxfb'/ cfpg rfx]gg\Ú–:yfgLo hgk|ltlglwn] eGg'eof]–…nfdf] ;do;Dd a]kQf eP kl5 sfg"g cg';f/ g} pxfsf] cbfntaf6 GofoLs d[To' 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] lyof] . d[To' 3f]if0ff u/]sf] Ps jif{ kl5 plg kmls{P . sfg"g / Aojxf/ cg';f/ km]/L GofoLs d[To' ab/ ul/Psf] 5 .Ú gdf]a'4 j8f gDj/ *

sf z]/axfb'/ tfdfªn] ;lh{ldg d'r'Nsf cg';f/ u/]sf] l;kmfl/; tyf ;a't k|df0fsf cfwf/df /fdaxfb'/ ;fsL{nfO{ lhNnf cbfntn] @)&( a}zfv !( ut] GofoLs d[To' 3f]if0ff u/]sf] lyof] . @)*) a}zfv dlxgfdf a]kQf ePsf /fdaxfb'/ 6'Kn'Ss cfP kl5 k'gM ;f]lx k|s[ofaf6 d[To' 3f]if0ff ab/sf nflu lbPsf] lgj]bg cg';f/ lhNnf cbfnt sfe|]knf~rf]sn] @)*) a}zfv #! ut] /fdaxfb'/ ;fsL{sf] GofoLs d[To' 3f]if0ff ab/ u/]sf] 5 . olt nfdf] ;do;Dd a]kQf ePsf /fdaxfb'/ cfkm\g} hGde"dL a:nfg eGg] :yfgLox?sf] ;f]rnfO{ pgn] s]lx lbgd} lg/fzf agfO{ lbPsf 5g\ . ^$ alif{o /fdaxfb'/ #^ jif{ kl5 :jb]z

kmls{Psf eP klg k'gM l5d]sL b]z ef/tsf] snsQf kmls{Psf 5g\ . :yfgLox?sf cg';f/ /fdaxfb'/sf afa' hf]vjL/ ;fsL{ / cfdf ;'sL{ ;ls{gLsf] lgwg eO{;s]sf] 5 . >LdtL ld7' ;ls{gL c:ktfndf 5§k6fpFbf ;d]t pgL slxNo} ;Dks{df cfPgg\ . afa' cfdfsf] lgwgdf ;d]t lsl/of ug{ cfPgg\ . cfkm' hfg' cl3 hlGdPsL pgsL PSnL 5f]/Lsf] klg /]vb]v slxNo} u/]gg\ . 3/ kl/jf/ / cfkmGtsf] ;d]t ;Dks{df gcfPsf /fdaxfb'/n] snsQfdf sfd u/]sf] /sd klg 3/df k7fPgg\ . afa' cfdfsf] pkrf/df nfu]sf] C0f klg efO{ ;fg'sfG5f ;fsL{n] ltg{ ;s]sf lyPgg\ . efph'sf] pkrf/df nfu]sf] vr{ klg ltg{

;s]sf lyPgg\ . 5f]/L sNkgf g]kfnLsf] nfngkfng / ljjfx ug{] s'/f klg pgs} yfKnf]df lyof] . a'afaf6 c+z klg lnPsf lyPgg\ . a'af cfdfs} lgwg eP kl5 pxfsf] gfddf ePsf] yf]/} hldg cfˆgf] gfddf Nofpg] k|s[ofsf nflu pgn] #^ jif{ b]lv j]kQf ePsf bfh'sf] sfg"g cg';f/ Goflos d[To' 3f]if0ffsf nflu j8f sfof{no dfkm{t lhNnf cbfntdf efO{ ;fg'sfG5f / 5f]/L sNkgfn] lgj]bg lbPsf lyP . ;f]lx lgj]bgsf d[To' 3f]if0ff ePsf /fdaxfb'/ ;fsL{nfO{ 3/ kmsf{pg] cleofgdf csf{] Pp6f ;d'x ;lqmo ePsf] :yfgLon] atfP . …slxNo} 3/ grflxg] h;/L a]kQf ePsf /fdaxfb'/ afa' cfdf / >LdtL ljTbf ;d]t kmls{Pgg\Ú–:yfgLon] eg]–…clxn] efO{n] Aojxf/ ldnfpg sfg"gn] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/]/ s]lx ;DktL cfˆgf] gfddf NofpFbf cfkmGtn] g} /fdaxfb'/nfO{ vf]h]/ NofP/ Goflos d[To' 3f]if0ff ab/ u/fpFb} ;DklQ afF8kmfF8 ug{ nufP .Ú lhpFbf] afFsL @ k]hdf

w'lnv]n÷lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf btf{ ePsf d'2fx? km};nf x'Fbf Ps} k6s # ;o #& hgf k|ltjfbLx?n] km';{b kfPsf 5g\ . % jif{ b]lv k|ltjfbLx? x/]s dlxgf k|zf;gdf tf/]v wfpFb} cfPsf lyP . tf/]v wfpFbf wfpFb} lj/lQmPsf sf/0f tf/]v wfpg]x?sf] ;+Vof ^) gf3L ;s]sf] 5 . sf]lx ljb]z k'u]sf 5g\ eg] sf]lx ljb]z hfg gkfP/ ef}tfl/ /x]sf lyP eg] sf]lx ljb]z k'u]/ klg tgfjdf lyP . d'2f km};nf eP kl5 s]lxn] Ifltk"lt{ kfPsf 5g\ . s]lxn] /fxt kfPsf 5g\ . s]lx km';{b kfPsf 5g\ . …gful/sx?nfO{ ;xh ?kdf ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] pb]Zon] afFsL /x]sf t/ cË k'u]sf d'2fx?sf af/]df km};nf ug{] cleofg z'? ul/Psf] xf]Ú–k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L k'0oljqmd kf}8]nn] eGg'eof]–…d'2fs} sf/0f AolQmn] ef]Ug' k/]sf] dfgl;s tgfj, cfly{s gf]S;fgL tyf cGo Aojxf/df ;d]t ;xlhs/0f

ePsf] 5 .Ú d'2fdf ;+nUg ePsf # ;o #& hgfn] Ps} k6s km';{b kfPsf 5g\ . @)&%

cfly{s jif{ @)&(÷@)*) df d'2fsf] cj:yf dlxgf gof“btf{ km};nf

@)*) c;f/ $ $^ @)*) h]7 ( ^$ @)*) a}zfv ^ @# @)&( r}q ^ !( @)&( kmfu'g & % @)&( df3 $ ! @)&( k'if & ! @)&( dl;+/ ^ @ @)&( sflt{s !) ! @)&( c;f]h !) * @)&( efb| !) & @)&( ;fpg ( ) hDdf ** !&&

;fn a}zfv #) ut] a]n'sL ;f9] ;ft ah]sf] ;dodf e'Dn' ufpFkflnsf j8f gDj/ # df nfdf vf]nf ;fd'bflos afFsL @ k]hdf

bfgf b]vfp“b} cg]s rnv]n

w'lnv]n÷cbfnt, k|x/L, hgk|ltlglw, /fhgLlts bnsf sfo{stf{x? ;d]tsf] rf;f] /xg] sfe|]sf] t]dfn, /f]zL, gdf]a'4 nufotsf :yfgaf6 leqg] af]lwlrQsf] sf/f]af/ sl/a sl/a ;lsPsf] 5 . x/]s jif{ af]lwlrQ l6Kg] ;dodf x'g] clgoldt rnv]n, d'2f dfldnf of] k6s klg To:t} ePsf] 5 . @)&% ;fn c;f]h & ut] u/]sf] …s/f/Ú ;Demf}tf adf]lhd @)*) ;fnsf] af]lwlrQsf] bfgf l6Kg] cGt/sflng cfb]zsf] ;"rgf gk'Ub} cbfntsf] cfb]z pNn+3g ePsf] 5 .

lgj]bs hoGtLdfof v8\uL nfdfn] cfO{t]l;+x lyË lj?4 btf{ u/]sf] cGt/sflng cfb]z hf/L ug{ lhNnf cbfnt sfe|]knf~rf]sdf lgj]bg lbg' ePsf] lyof] . pQm lgj]bgsf cfwf/df lhNnf GofofwLz l/tfs'df/L av|]nn] @)*) c;f/ #! ut] lbp;f] lbg' ePsf] cfb]z sfof{Gjog gx'Fb} ljkIfL cfO{t]l;+x lyËn] af]lwlrQsf bfgf l6lk;s]sf 5g\ . cbfntn] cGt/sflng cfb]zsf] ;"rgf ;fpg ! ut] /f]zL ufpFkflnsfnfO{ k7fPsf] 5 eg] To;sf] af]wfy{ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no sfe|] / lhNnf afFsL @ k]hdf

kgftL÷sfenL ;lqmo dlxnf ;u7g kgftL * sfen z? u/sf] lqj0fL ;/;kmfO{ cleofgsf] @ ;o xKtf kusf] cj;/df ljzif sfoqmd cfofhgf u/sf] 5 . g]kfnL sfFu|];sf s]lGb|o ;b:o dw' cfrfo{sf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf g]kfnL sfFu|];sf s]lGb|o ;b:ox?, k|b]z tyf lhNnf gu/ txsf g]tfx?, lhNnf l:yt ljleGg /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx?, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt sfe|], ;'/Iff lgsfo, ljBfno ;+3 ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . sfe|]nL ;lqmo dlxnf ;+u7gsf tkm{af6 kgf}tL lqj]0fL ;/;kmfO{gful/s cleofg

z'? ul/Psf] lyof] . ;+of]hs ;'ldqf a~hf/fn] lg/Gt/ @ ;o xKtf ;/;kmfO{ ul/Psf] atfpg' eof] . wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts Pj+ ko{6lso dxTj af]s]sf] P]ltxfl;s gu/ kgf}tL leq kfFr bh{geGbf w]/} d7 dlGb/x? 5g\ . !@ jif{] P]ltxfl;s ds/ d]nf tyf x/]s jif{ km/s km/s hfqf nfUg] kgf}tLdf k|To]s dlxgf :yfgLo kj{x? ;+rfng x'g] u/]sf 5g\. kgf}tLdf lnnfjtL, k'0ojtL / ?bfjtLsf] ;+ud cyft{ lqj]0fLdf hf]l8Psf uf}td Clif, clxNof, OGb| / ;lrsf kf}/fl0fs tYo / lsjb+tL 5g\ . pQ/ k|ofusf] ?kdf ;d]t kgf}tL k|l;4 5 . pQm k|l;4 tLy{sf ?kdf lrlgPsf]

lqj]0fL wfddf x'g] kmf]xf]/nfO{ ;+sng ug{] / lgoldt ;/;kmfO{ ug{] cleofgdf pQm ;d'x ;lqmo /xFb} cfPsf] lyof] . …x/]s lbg zlgaf/ ljxfg vf]nfdf %) b]lv &) hgf dlxnfx?sf] ;d'x k|j]z ub{ cfPsf] 5Ú–;+of]hs ;'ldqf a~hf/fn] eGg'eof]–…tLg txs} ;/sf/sf] kxn / ;dGjo ;/;kmfO{df x'g' cfjZos 5 .Ú sfo{qmddf g]kfnL sfFu|];sf s]lGb|o ;b:o dw' cfrfo{, u'?/fh l3ld/], u0f]z nfdf nufotsf g]tfx? ;xeflu lyP . To:t} sfFu|]; g]tf hulbzg/l;+ s];L, ;/;kmfO{ cleofGtfx?sf] klg ;lqmotf /x]sf] lyof] . ;+ljwfg ;ef ;b:ox? /fdx/L ;'j]bL nufotsf] ;xeflutf lyof] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt sfe|]sf k|d'v lbkss'df/ uf}td, k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L k'0oljqmd kf}8]n, kgf}tL gu/kflnsf pkk|d'v lutf a~hf/f tyf j8f cWoIf / cGo hgk|ltlglwx?, k|x/L k|d'v P;kL efu]Gb|k'?if 9sfn tyf g]kfnL ;]gf / g]kfn k|x/Lsf] 6f]nL, sfe pBf]u afl0fHo ;+3sf cWoIf /fh]Gb| k;+If], g]skf Pdfn] gu/ sld6L cWoIf ;'/]z x'dfufO{ nufot :yfgLo /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx?, ;+3 ;+:yfsf k|ltglwx? efn]Zj/ dfWolds ljBfno tyf dNkL OG6/g]zgn :s'nsf

P;O{O{ plQ0f{ blnt ljBfyL{ ;Ddflgt

ag]kf÷g]kfn plTkl8t hflto d'lQm ;dfh sfe|]n] @)&( ;fnsf] P;O{O{ k/LIfdf ;xeflu eO{ plQ0f{ ePsf blnt ljBfyL{x?nfO{ ;Ddfg u/]sf] 5 . k"j{ dGqL Pj+ g]skf Pdfn]sf kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o uf]s'n af:sf]6f nufotsf g]tfx?n] plt{0f ljBfyL{x?nfO{ Ps sfo{qmddf aLr ;Ddfg ;lxt k|;+zf kq k|bfg ug{' ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf af]Nb} k"j{ dGqL af:sf]6fn] >d;Fu hf]l8Psf] ;DklQnfO{ AolQmn] 86]/ lg/Gt/ k|flKt ug{'kg{] atfpg' eof] . ljutdf h:tf] ;fdGtL o'u ;dfKt ePsfn] 5'jf5't ;d]t x6\b} uPsf] cj:yfdf k/Dk/fut ;Lk tyf IfdtfnfO{ gofF o'u ;'xfpFbf] k|ljlw / k':tfnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ub{} dfgj Pp6} xf] eGg] cfefif x'g] u/L z}lIfs / Aojxf/Ls b'a} ljifosf] cWoogsf nflu ljBfyL{x?nfO{ k"j{ dGqL af:sf]6fn] z'esfdgf lbg'eof] . Pp6f AolQmn] cj;/ kfpFb}df / p dfq} lzlIft x'Fb}df l;Ëf] ;d'bfo kl/jt{g x'G5 eGg] s'/f ;Dej gePsf] atfpFb} k'j{ dGqL af:sf]6fn] cWoog;Fu} hLjg a'em\g cg'/f]w ug{' eof] . sfo{qmddf lhNnfe/sf @ ;o eGbf w]/} ljBfyL{x? ;xeflu ePsf lyP . lhNnf cWoIf t]h g]kfnLn] blnt ;d'bfonfO{ /fHon] pknAw u/fPsf ljleGg k|sf/sf

cj;/nfO{ ;b'kof]u ug{ ljBfyL{x?nfO{ cg'/f]w ug{' eof] . sfo{qmddf Pdfn] sfe|]sf ;lra /fhg e't{]nn] AolQmsf] ;f]r kl/jt{g ug{ lzIff / r]tgfnfO{ hf]8 lbg'kg{] atfpg' eof] . cj;/nfO{ pkef]u ub{} yk cj;/ l;{hgfsf nflu AolQmsf] Ifdtf cg';f/sf l;k tyf lzIffnfO{ Aojxf/df ptf{g cg'/f]w ug{' eof] . blnt ePs} sf/0f cj;/af6 al~rt x'g' kg{] cj:yf lj:tf/} sd x'Fb} uPsfn] ablnFbf] k|ljlw / ;donfO{ cfTd;fy ub{} ljBfyL{x?nfO{ lg/Gt/ d]xgt ug{ cg'/f]w ;lrj e't{]nn] cg'/f]w ug{'eof] . Pdfn] lhNnf pk;lrj l/tf 9sfnn] /f0ff,

k+rfotsfnsf] h:tf] cj:yf gePsf] atfpFb} u0ftGq k|flKt;Dd cfO{k'Ubf blnt ;d'bfonfO{ /fHon] x]g{] b[li6sf]0f ;d]t abn]sf] atfpg' eof] . sfo{qmddf Pdfn] ;lrjfno ;b:o tyf If]q gDj/ @ sf ;of]hs /fdz/0f bfxfn, cg]d;+3 lhNnf cWoIf ljdnf ;fksf]6f, d'lQm ;dfhsf s]lGb|o ;b:o ;Demgf kl/of/, cg]/f:jljo' s]lGb|o ;b:o ;'dg h}?, d'lQm ;dfh afudtL k|b]zsf cWoIf gljg 3tfgL, cg]/f:jljo' lhNnf cWoIf ldng uf}td, d'lQm ;dfhsL lhNnf ;lrj lutf ;'gf/, ljBfyL{ ;':df kl/of/ / clego ab{]jf nufotn] dGtAo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] .

xflb{s awfO

k|sfz sfo:y

afudtL l6k/ Joj;foL ;+3sf sfof{no k|d'v k|sfz sfo:y g]kfn kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;+3 sfe|] zfvfsf] $! cf}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 ;efkltdf tyf k'gd hf]zL sf]iffWoIf, /hgL a}B / cg' >]i7 dlxnf ;b:o ljsf; a}B, gf/fo0f b]jL >]i7 / ?kf k|wfg ljz]if1 ;b:o kbdf lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf]df xflb{s awfO{ tyf sfo{sfn ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

j0f{ zfSo cWoIf

ljBfyL{x?, ;fd'bflos xf]d:6] tyf ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ;f]lx cj;/df a[Iff/f]k0f klg ul/Psf] lyof] . ;/;kmfO{df ;xeflu efn]Zj/ dfWolds ljBfno sIff * sf ljBfyL{ clZjg yfkfn] lqj]0fL wfddf kmf]xf]/ ;+sngsf nflu 8l:jg /flvlbg, vf]nf tyf ;8s lsgf/fdf kmf]xf]/ gkmfNg, lgoldt vf]nf ;/;kmfO{ u/L ;Ënf] agfpg gu/kflnsfn] cfjZos sfg"g / Aoj:yfkg ug{ ;'emfj lbg'eof] . kmf]xf]/nfO{ ;kmf ug{];Fu} kmf]xf]/ g} x'g glbg tkm{ ;a} ;lqmo x'g ;xeflux?n] hf]8 lbPsf lyP . ;/;kmfO{ kl5 ljkL ljrf/sf]lrGtg

ljkL ljrf/ ;dfhn] ;/;kmfO{ sfoqmd ;dfkg;u ljkL sfO/fnfsf] $! cf} :dlt lbj;sf] cj;/df aIff/fk0f, dfOtL a4f>ddf kmnkmn ljt/0f tyf kl/:st nfstflGqs k2ltsf] ljsf; cleofg ljrf/ ufi7L cfofhgf u/sf] cWoIf ;ldqf cfrfo{ a~hf/fn] atfpg' eof] . ufi7Ldf gkfnL sfu;sf ljleGg txsf gtf tyf sfostfx? ;xeflu ePsf] :yfgLo gtf dxzyfkfn] hfgsf/L lbgeof] .

/]lah /f]uaf6 aRg af}nfxf s's'/ b]lv ;hu /xf}+ .

:jf:Yo sfof{no sfe|]

w'lnv]ndf cf}ifwL k;nsf] cg'udg

w'lnv]n÷lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd l:yt w'lnv]n c:ktfn kl/;/df /x]sf cf}ifwL k;ndf cg'udg ul/Psf] 5 . cf}ifwL k;ndf nfO{;]G; k|fKt AolQmsf gfddf kmd{ btf{ u/]/ cGo AolQmn] cf}ifwL ljqmL u/]sf], Dofb gf3]sf cf}ifwL ljqmL ljt/0f ul//x]sf], d'No w]/} lnPsf u'gf;f] k|fKt x'g] u/]sf] lyof] . cf}ifwL Aoj:yf ljefuaf6 k|fKt cg'dlt lnP/ cf}ifwL k;n ;+rfng ug{' kg{] tyf cf}ifwL ljqmL ug{ ;f]lx ljifo cWoog u/]sf] AolQmn] nfO{;]G; lng' kg{] sfg"gL Aoj:yf /x]sf] :jf:Yo sfof{no sfe|]sf k|d'v 8f= k'?iff]td ;]9fO{n] atfpg' eof] . k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L k'0oljqmd kf}8]nsf] g]t[Tjdf cg'udg ul/Psf cf}ifwL k;nx?df klg To:t} s}lkmot b]lvPsf] lyof] . k|zf;gn]

cfjZos sfuhft ;lxt k|zf;gdf pkl:yt x'g lgb{]zg lbPsf] 8f= ;]9fO{n] atfpg' eof] . w'lnv]n c:ktfn If]q leq /x]sf gLlh cf}ifwL k;nx? ljh' kmfd{];L, an/fd kmfd{];L, cRo'td kmfd{];L, /tgsfhL kmfd{];L, dfF sfln~rf]s d]l8sn xn, lg? kmfd{];L / cf/f]Uo d]l8sndf cg'udg ul/Psf] lyof] . cg'udgdf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L k'0oljqmd kf}8]n, 8f=k'?iff]td/fh ;]9fO{, 8f=lbks 9sfn, xl/k|;fb clwsf/L, lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no sfe|]sf clws[t k/z'/fd yfkf, w'lnv]n c:ktfnsf lx/fdfg z+vb]j, :jf:Yo sfof{no sfe|]sf xl/k|;fb clwsf/L nufotsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . lhNnfsf cGo cf}ifwL k;nx?sf] klg lgoldt cg'udg ul/g] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L k'0oljqmd kf}8]nn] atfpg' eof] .

k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tflnd kl/ifb\ kgf}tL k|fljlws lzIffno kgf}tL, sfe|]knf~rf]s gof“ k|lzIffyL{ egf{ ;DaGwL ;"rgf

qm=;+= k|lzIf0f x'g] sfo{qmd cfjZos Go"gtd of]Uotf

!= Diploma in Automobile Engineering P;=O{=O{= k/LIffdf clgjfo{ c+u|]hL, ul0ft / lj1fg ljifo lnO{ Go"gtd !=^ lh=lk=P= cyjf ;f] ;/x jf kl/ifbaf6 ;+rfng x'g] sfo{qmd;+u ;DalGwt k|fljlws P;=Pn=;L=÷lk|–l8Knf]df txsf] s'n k"0ff{Ídf ^*=## k|ltzt c+s k|fKt u/L pQL0f{ u/]sf] .

@= Pre–Diploma in Automobile Engineering P;=O{=O{=sf] ;Dk"0f{ ljifox¿sf] k/LIffdf ;dfj]z eO{ u|]8 l;6 k|fKt u/]sf] .

k|lzIf0f z'NsM !_l8Knf]df -# jif{sf]_

k"0f{ z'NsLo tkm{ –¿=*^,()) ;x'lnot z'Ns tkm{ –¿=^@,())

gu/kflnsf sf]6f tkm{ –¿=!(,!))= @_lk|–l8Knf]df -!* dlxgfsf]_ z'NsM ¿=!#,)))

cfj]bg kmf/fd eg]{ tyf a'emfpg] ;DaGwL ljj/0fM cfj]bg kmf/fd b:t'/M l8Knf]df sfo{qmdsf] nflu ¿=!,%))=)) / lk|–l8Knf]df sfo{qmdsf] nflu ¿=%))=)) kmf/fd eg]{ ldltM @)*) cfiff9 @( ut] z'qmaf/b]lv ldlt @)*) >fj0f !@ ut] z'qmaf/;Dd kmf/fd kfOg] jf a'emfpg] :yfgM kgf}tL k|fljlws lzIffno kgf}tL, sfe|]knf~rf]s k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng ldlt / ;doM l8Knf]df sfo{qmdsf] ldlt @)*) >fj0f @$ ut] ljxfg *M)) ah] lk|–l8Knf]df sfo{qmdsf] ldlt @)*) >fj0f @$ ut] lbpF;f] !M)) ah] :yfgM kgf}tL k|fljlws lzIffno, kgf}tL, sfe|]nf~rf]s

yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu kgf}tL k|fljlws lzIffnosf] ;Dks{ g+= )!!$$)@%)÷(*%!##)@^$ df ;Dks{ ug{ ;Sg'x'g]5 .

ag]kf *– sfe]|, kmf]g g+= )!! ^^@*&* k|ydk6s ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).$.!!

shf r'Qmf ug cfpg #% lbg cToGt h?/L ;fa{hlgs ;'rgf o; led;]g dxf/fh art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;:yf ln af6 tkl;ndf pNn]lvt C0fLx?n] laleGg k|of]hgsf] nfuL lnPsf] shf{sf] ;f‘jf / Aofh o; ;xsf/L ;:yfdf C0f lnPsf] avt u/]sf] sa'lnPt adf]lhd ;doalw leqdf ltg{ a'´fpg kg{] /sdx? ltg{ a'´fpgsf] nflu k6s k6s lnlvt tyf df}lvs tf/tfs]tf ubf{ ;d]t glt/L ga'´fO a]jf:tf tyf cfntfn ul/ shf{ ;DaGwL aGb]h pNn3g ug{' ePsf] / shf{ r'Qmf ug{ s'g} rf;f] gb]vfPsf] x'gfn] shf{ r'Qmf ug{ uf] #% lbg] ;fa{hlgs ;'rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;'rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% lbg leq ;:yfsf] sfof{nodf ;Dks{ ul/ a'´fpg' kg{] ;Dk'0f{ ;fjf ,Aofh / cGo b}b:t'/ ;d]t e'Qmfg ug{ cfpg' x'g ;DalGwt C0fL tyf hdfgLstf{x?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . ;f] Dofb leq aSof]tf /x]sf] ;Dk0f{ /sd ;:yfnfO{ r'Qmf e'Qmfg gu/L a;]df ;xsf/Lsf] C0f c;'ln lgodfanL , ;xsf/L P][g @)&$ ,;xsf/L lgodfanL @)&% tyf cGo k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd shf{sf] ;Dk'0f{ /sd tyf c;'nL sf/afxLsf] l;nl;nfdf pQm sfo{lalw cg';f/ ePsf] ;Dk'0f{ vr{ ;d]t C0fL tyf hdfgLstf{sf] rn crn >L;Dkltaf6 c;'n pk/ ul/g] hfgsf/L ;d]t ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ o;} ;'rgfaf6 hfgsf/L ul/G5 . tkl;n C0fLsf] laa/0f wghdfgLsf] laa/0f gfd M /fd axfb'/ nfdf afa'sf] gfd M larf/ l; tfdfË afh]sf] gfd M k~r l; tfdfË 7]ufgf sfe]| lhNnf , w'lnv]n * gf=k|=k=g+= M #)!)#&.!^*!#^

gfd M 7'ln dfof tfdfË afa'sf] gfd M k'0f{ axfb'/ tfdfË ;;'/fsf] gfd M k~r l; tfdfË kltsf] gfd M ljrf/ l;+ tfdfË 7]ufgf M sfe]| lhNnf, w'lnv]n * gf=k|=k=g+= M $).@)^) gfd M ho axfb'/ tfdfË afa'sf] gfd M k~r l; tfdfË 7]ufgf M sfe]| lhNnf, w'lnv]n * gf=k|=k=g+= M !!%&@ gfd M ;~rdfof tfdfË afa'sf] gfd M k~r l; tfdfË 7]ufgf M sfe]| lhNnf, w'lnv]n * gf=k|=k=g+= M #(÷!()@

lwtf] ljj/0f

w'lnv]n g=kf= ;fljs j8f g+= ! xfn j8f g+= * ls=g+= @%* If]=km= @–#–#–#

8]+uL ;r]tgf km}nfpg 6f]n 6f]ndf sfo{qmd

w'lnv]n÷8]+uL ;+qmd0fdf g]kfnsf !) j6f pRr hf]lvd lhNnfdWo] sfe|]knf~rf]s ;d]t ;dfj]z eP kl5 lhNnfdf 8]+uL lgoGq0fsf nflu k"j{ tof/Lsf ;fy sfo{of]hgf tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . …;dod} hf]lvdnfO{ Go"gLs/0f u/f}Ú eGg] cleofgsf ;fy 8]FuL /f]uaf6 aRg ;t{stf ckgfO{Psf] :jf:Yo sfof{no sfe|]n] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . nfdv'§]n] a;f]af; ug{ ;Sg] uf8L÷;jf/L ;fwg dd{t s]G›, 6fo/, kfgL hDg] 7fpF, v]t÷af/Ldf /x]sf] 6fo/, kflg hDg] 6fpF, pBf]u÷snsf/vfgf, xf]6]n÷Aoa;fodf /xg] 6fo/, udnf, ;hfj6 ;fdfu|L d7÷dlGb/df /x]sf st/f, klg hDg] 7fpF, 3/÷clkm;df /xg] udnf, kflg hDg] 7fpFnfO{ lgoldt ;/;kmfO{ ug{] tyf kfgL hDg glbg] of]hgfdf s[oflzn /xg cg'/f]w ug{] lhNnf ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg ;ldltsf] sfo{of]hgf, lgb]{zg / ;xsfo{df cleofgx? ;Grfn ul//x]sf] :jf:Yo sfof{no sfe|]sf k|d'v 8f=k'?iff]Qd ;]9fO{n] atfpg' eof] . :jf:Yo sfof{no 8]+uLsf] lg/Gt/ lgu/fgL -lSnlgsn / k|of]uzfnf_ ul//x]sf] pxfFn] atfpg' eof] . :yfgLo tx, k|b]z / ;+3;+Fu ;dGjodf /x]/ hfgsf/Lsf] cfbfgk|bfg / cfk"lt{df ;xhLs/0f ul//x]sf] 5 . tTsfn k|ltsfo{sf] tof/L cfj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 . lhNnf ›'t k|ltsfo{ 6f]nL

u7g ePsf] 5 / tTsfn kl/rfng x'g] ul/ cfk"lt{ Aoa:yfkg ;lxt tof/L cfj:yfdf /x]sf] pxfFn] atfpg' eof] . xf]6]n Aoa;foL ;+3 / pBf]u Aoa;foL ;+3sf kbflwsf/L ;+u a}7s a;L k|ltsfo{sf] nflu sfo{qmd to ul/ ;dGjodf sfo{ ul//x]sf] 5 . xf]6]n tyf pBf]u Aoa;foLn] xf]6]n÷Aoa;fo / kl/;/sf] jl/k/L ;/;kmfO{ / nfdv'§]sf] af;:yfgsf] …vf]h / g:6 u/Ú /fli6«o cleofg ;+rfng ug]{, :jf:Yo sfof{non] k|flalws / pknAw cfk"lt{ Aoa:yf ldnfpg], kflnsf :jf:Yo zfvf, laBfno g;{ / :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+yfx?nfO{ 8]+uL la?4sf] k|ltsfo{ ;+rfng ug]{ k|flalws ;xof]u / cg'/f]w ul/Psf] pxfFn] atfpg' eof] . ;+rf/ dfWodaf6 hgr]tgfsf ;fdfu|Lx?sf] k|rf/k|;f/ ul/Psf] 5 eg] Olk8]ldof]nf]hL tyf /f]u lgoGq0f dxfzfvf, /fli6«o :jf:Yo lzIff, ;'rgf tyf ;+rf/ s]G›n] lgdf{0f u/]sf ;fdu|Lx?nfO{ ;a} :yfgLo txdf laleGg dfWodaf6 pknAw u/fO{Psf] 5 eg] :yfgLo tx;+Fu k|ToIf / cgnfO{g ldl6Ë ;+rfng eO{/x]sf] 5 . k|b]z tyf ;+3Lo txfdf cgnfO{g ldl6Ë af6 laifo a:t'sf] af/]df cWofalws ug]{ u/fpg] ul/Psf] pxfFn] atfpg' eof] . 8]+uL nufot cGo sf]le8, emf8fkvfnf, /]lah, PDkS;sf] af/]df lj?4df nfUg k|]l/t ul/Psf] pxfFn] atfpg' eof] .

:jf:Yo sfof{no sfe|]n] lhNnfsf !# j6} kflnsfdf 8]uL lgoGq0fsf nflu ljz]if sfo{ ug{] u/L ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;u tof/L a}7s cfof]hgf u/]sf] 5 . :jf:Yo sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf k|d'v 8f= k'?iff]td ;]9fO{n] cl3Nnf] jif{sf] cg'ejsf cfwf/df of] jif{ 8]+uL lgoGq0fsf] tof/L ul/Psf] atfpg' eof] . …g]kfnsf !) lhNnf leq sfe|]knf~rf]s k/]sf] 5Ú– :jf:Yo sfof{no sfe|]sf k|d'v 8f=k'?iff]td ;]9fO{n] eGg'eof]–…8]+uL lgoGq0fsf nflu ;a} If]q ;lqmo x'g' cfjZos 5 .Ú v]taf/L, xf]6n Aoj;fo, ;8s tyf Aoj;fo / 3/sf] 5t tyf e¥ofËdf /flvg] udnfx?df hDg] kfgLdf nfdv'§]n] 8]/f hdfpb Tolxaf6 ljleGg AolQmx?sf]df 8]uL km}nfpg] sfd ug{] ePsfn] ls;fg, Aoj;foL / ;j{;fwf/0f ;a} ;r]t x'g] u/L tof/Lsf nflu cfjZos 5nkmn ul/Psf] 8f= ;]9fO{n] eGg'eof] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt sfe|]sf k|d'v lbks'df/ uf}tdn] 8]+uL lgoGq0fsf nflu ;a} If]q;u ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ul/g] atfpg' eof] . k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L k'0oljqmd kf}8]nn] :yfgLo tx dftxt /x]sf ;a} lgsfo / If]qx?df 8]uL lgoGq0f, To;af6 aRg] pkfo / 8]uL ;+qmd0f eO{ ;s]kl5 ckgfpg' kg{] ;'/Iff ;t{stfsf af/]df cfjZos ;r]tgf km}nfpg' kg{] atfpg' eof] .

pTs[i6 ljBfyL{, lzIfs / ljBfnonfO{ KofA;gn]

u¥of] ;Ddfg

nId0f ltdlN;gf÷ag]kf lghL tyf cfjf;Lo ljBfno cu{gfO{h]zg g]kfn -KofA;g_ sfe|]n] @)&( ;fndf P;O{O{ plQ0f{ ljBfyL{, laifout lzIfs / pTs[i6 ljBfnonfO{ ;Ddfg u/]sf] 5 . KofA;g cGt{utsf ;b:o ljBfnox?af6 plt0f{ ePsf #=^% b]vL #=(% lhlkP Nofpg] @ ;o (! hgf ljBfyL{, ljifout pRrtd cf};t lhlkP xfl;n ug{ ;kmn laBfnosf ljifo lzIfs tyf lzlIfsx? / ljBfnonfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] KofA;g sfe|]sf cWoIf Zofd axfb'/ e'h]nn] hfgsf/L lbg' eof] . lhNnfdf !@ hgf ljBfyL{x?n] #=(% lhlkP NofPsf lyP . lt dWo] ;+:yfut ljBfnosf ( hg 5g\ . ag]kfsf] l;bfy{ dfljsf lglxk >]i7, k|utL k|eft Ps]8]dL ag]kfsf /+lht tfdfª / ;'lgd km'Fofn, d08g EofnL d08g b]pk'/sf cf/h' >]i7, gd:t] O{Ëln; :s'n kfFrvfn ( sf cfo'if kf}8]n, lIflth O{Ëlnz af]l8{Ë ag]kfsf >]of;]jL >]i7 / ljBf;fu/ dfljsf ;jn uf}tdn] #=(% lhlkP NofPsf lyP . To;} u/L ljifout pRrtd cf};t lhlkP Nofpg ;kmn !) j6f ljifosf !^ lzIfs lzlIfsfx?nfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . gfO{l6Ëu]n Ps]8]dLaf6 lk|lG;kn pdf a:g]tnfO{ c+u|]hL, ;f]lx ljBfnosf sDKo'6/ lzIfs /ljg tfhk'/LofnfO{ sDKo'6/, Pe/]i6 Ps]8]dL

ag]kfsL ;+lutf bfxfnnfO{ g]kfnL, ln+sg O{G6/g]Zgn ag]kfsf cflzif yklnof ul0ft, k|utL k|eft Ps]8]dL ag]kfsf ch{'g km'Fofn ;fdflhs, afn ljsfz ljBfdlGb/ ag]kfsf df]xg yfkf hg;+Vof tyf aftfa/0f, d08g EofnL :s'n d08g b]pk'/sf ljj]s lu/L cltl/Qm ul0ft / ;f]lx ljBfnosf s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{nfO{ jftfj/0f lj1fg ljifosf lzIfsx?nfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . To:t} cGo ljifodf u|];Nof08 ;fFufsL l/gf >]i7nfO{ n]vf, a]n/ :s'n ag]kfsf ;'dg s'Fj/ sDKo'6/, afn ljsf; ljBf dlGb/ w'lnv]nsf k|w'Dg kf}8]n sDKo'6/, ljs6]Zj/ :s'n e};]kf6Lsf piff e'h]n sDKo'6/, lng OG6/g]zgn ag]kfsf ;/f]h sfsL{ sDKo'6/, d08g EofnL Ps]8]dLsf d's'Gb clwsf/L sDKo'6/ ljifosf lzIfsx?nfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf pRrtd\ lhlkP #=^* Nofpg ;kmn afn ljsf; ljBfdlGb/ ljBfnonfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . KofA;gsf s]lGb|o

C0f r'Qmf ug{ cfpg] af/]sf] #% lbg] cToGt h?/L ;'rgf

-;'rgf k|sflzt ldlt @)*) >fj0f !!_

o; ;xsf/L ;:yfaf6 C0f lng] tklznsf C0fLx?n] lnPsf] C0fsf] ;fFjf, Aofh C0fL ;b:on] :jLsf/ ul/ ;lx5fk ul/lbPsf] td;'s tyf zt{ sa'lnot adf]lhd ;do ;dodf ltg'{ a'emfpFg' kg]{df ;f] glt/L ga'emfO{ C0f ;DawL zt{ aGb]h pNn+3g ug'{ ePsf]n] k6s k6s df}lvs tyf lnlvt tf/tfs]tf ubf{ ;d]t ;f] C0f e'Qmfg ug]{ ;DaGwdf s'g} rf;f] gb]vfO{ j]jf:tf ug'{ ePsf]n] of] #% -k}lt;_ lbg] ;'rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;'rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbg leq ;+:yfdf ;Dks{ /fvL ;+:Yffaf6 lnPsf] C0fsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;fFjf, Aofh / cGo b:t'/ r'Qmf e"Qmfg ug'{xf]nf . cGoyf ;xsf/L P]g @)&$ sf] bkmf &( sf] pkbkmf !, #, bkmf *) sf] pkbkmf ! tyf bkmf *#, *$ cg';f/ tyf k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd ;+:yfn] cfˆgf] n]gf /sd c;'n pk/sf] nflu C0fL tyf Psf3/ kl/jf/ / hdfgtstf{sf] ;d]t rncrn hfoh]yf sfg'gsf] clwgdf /lx /f]Ssf /fvL ;+:yfsf] n]gf /sd c;'n pk/ ul/g'sf ;fy} C0fL / hdfgLstf{nfO{ ;d]t sfnf];'rLdf ;dfj]z ug{ nufpFg], ag]kf gu/kflnsf nufPtsf :yfgLo lgsfodf ;]jf ;'ljwf /f]Ssfsf] nflu kqfrf/ ug]{ Aoxf]/f o;} ;'rgfåf/f ;'lrt ul/G5 .

C0fLsf] tLg k':t] ljj/0f C0fLsf] kmf]6f] hdfgt lbg]sf] ljj/0f

/flhj >]i7 afa'M s}nfz /fh >]i7 afh]M kbd /fh >]i7 gf=k|=g+= !@*@$# 7]ufgf M ;fljsM ag]kf– &, xfnMag]kf–%, js'6f]n

s}nfz knf~rf]s] gf=k|=g+= *#*@% afa'M b]j k|;fb knf~rf]s] afh]M cfzfsfhL knf~rf]s]

/fhs'df/ k|hfktL afa'M led;]g cjfn k|hfktL cfdfM sflG5 cjfn afh]M df]ltnfn k|hfktL >LdtLM ;'dL >]i7 ag]kf–$, b5'6f]n, sfe|] gful/stf g+= #)!)%!÷!%**&( Aoa;foM cf/ Pg xf8{jo/, ag]kf–&, sfe|]

cWoIf l8s] 9'+ufgf nufotsf cltyLx?n] ljBfyL{, lzIfs / ljBfnonfO{ ;Ddfg ug{' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf KofA;gsf s]lGb|o dxf;lrj cf/jL s6'jfn, pk dxf;lrj led;]g s];L, ;lrj lx/f zdf{ g]kfn, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt sfe|]sf k|d'v lbks uf}td, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf k|d'v czf]s AofGh', ag]kf gu/kflnsf k|d'v zflGt/Tg zfSo, O{nfsf k|x/L sfof{nosf k|d'v l8P:kL /]zd af]xf]/f, KofA;g sfe|]sf pkfWoIf ;'h]Gb| >]i7 nufotn] ljBfyL{x?nfO{ awfO{ tyf z'esfdgf lbg' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf :jfut dGtAo al/i7 pkfWoIf dx]Gb| lyËn] /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf ;efklt tyf KofA;g sfe|]sf cWoIf Zofdaxfb'/ e'h]nn] KofA;gn] o;cl3 klg ;Ddfg ub{} cfPsf] / pQm sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] atfpg' eof] . KofA;g cGt{utsf %! j6f ;b:o ljBfnox?af6 ! xhf/ $ ;o ^# hgf ljBfyL{x? P;O{O{df plQ0f{ ePsf lyP . k'gZrM s] o;/L sf/afxL k|s[ofdf

efjgf h+ud -k'/L_ afa'M nf]d k'/L afh]M hut k'/L kltM nId0f h+ud gf=k|=g+= !@%$*( 7]ufgf ;fljsM w'lnv]n g=kf=–!, sfe|] xfnM hfkfg /x]sf]

/f]zg ahf{rfo{ afa'M xf]d ljnfz ahf{rfo{ afh]M k|]d ljnfz ahf{rfo{ gf=k|=g+= #) !!!#*( 7]ufgf ;fljsM w'lnv]n g=kf=–*, sfe|] xfnM t/fO{ lt/ /x]sf]

/fhgsfhL dfgGw/ afa'M 1fgsfhL dfgGw/ afh]M hut dfgGw/ gf=k|=g+= @^!)^(& 7]ufgf ;fljsM ag]kf g=kf=–^, tLgwf/f, cZdkmn

df]xgnfn >]i7sf] gflt kbd /fh >]i7sf] 5f]/f s}nfz /fh >]i7 -lghsf] lktf_

7]ufgfM ag]kf–&, sfe|] tTsflng Aoa;foM h]g'g sDKo"6/, ag]kf–*, sfe|] cfa4tfM sfe|] pBf]u afl0fHo ;+3 -C0f e'QmfgLsf] nflu k|bfg ul/Psf] r]s afpG; ePsf]_

s[i0feQm >]i7sL 5f]/L ;'dL >]i7 -k|hfktL_ lghsL >LdtL

-C0f e'QmfgLsf] nflu k|bfg ul/Psf] r]s afpG; ePsf]_

u0f]z k'/L afa'M nf]d k'/L :yfO{ 7]ufgf ;fljs M w'lnv]n–&, sfe|]

hdfgtstf{sf] kmf]6f]

;? ahf{rfo{ -lghsL >LdtL_

s[i0fzf]ef dfgGw/ -lghsf] >LdtL_ tyf kmQ] axfb'/ e}nsf] gflt lht axfb'/ e}nsf] 5f]/f ;fljs M ag]kf–!,js'6f]n lgjf;L /fhg e}n kfj{tL yfkf afa'M g/ axfb'/ vqL afh]M nfn axfb'/ vqL kltM /fh' yfkf gf=k|=g+= !#%%$# 7]ufgf ;fljsM ag]kf g=kf=–$, yfkfufFp

ljsf; yfkf -lghsf] 5f]/f_ tyf /t axfb'/ sfsL{sf] gflt, s[i0f axfb'/ sfsL{sf] 5f]/f, xfn @* lsnf], w'lnv]n lgjf;L k|sfz s'df/ sfsL{ b'uf{ axfb'/ aflgofF afa'M lgn axfb'/ aflgofF afh]M rGb| axfb'/ aflgofF gf=k|=g+= !@@#@÷(&@#( 7]ufgf ;fljsM l;Gw'kfNrf]s s'Grf]s–&, xfnM kfFrvfn, lh/f]lsnf] l;Gw'kfNrf]s afFlgof vfhf3/

ljGbf bfxfn -lghsf] >LdtL_ afa'M Clifs]z bfxfn afh]M cgGt gf/fo0f bfxfn

k|ldnf aflgofF -lghsf] >LdtL_ afa'M v8\u axfb'/ a:g]t afh]M 8Da/ axfb'/ a:g]t clgn ltdlN;gf afa'M k|Nxfb k|= ltdlN;gf afh]M xl/ k|=ltdlN;gf 7]ufgf ;fljsM 9'+vs{–!, sfe|]

yk ;'rgfM c§]/L eP/ C0fsf] efvf g3fO{ a;]sf ;a} ;b:oHo"x?nfO{ ;fy} cGo efvf g3fP/ ;+:yfsf] C0f glt/Lsg c§]/ ul/ a:g' ePsf C0fL ;b:ox?n] klg olx xKtf leqdf ;+:yfsf] ;Dks{df cfO{ cfˆgf] aSof}tf C0fsf] Aoa:yfkg ug{x'g ljgd| cg'/f]w ul/G5 . cGoyf o;} ul/ qmdzM ;fj{hlgs ;'rgf k|sfzg ul/ sfg'gL k|s[ofdf hfg] Aoxf]/f cjut u/fO{G5 .

<

OHht / ljZjf;nfO{ alnof] agfpF . C0f lnP kl5 C0f ltg'{ g}lts, ;fdflhs / sfg'gL bfloTj xf] .

hfg' ;+:yfsf] /x/ xf] /

;+:yfsf] ;bf;otfnfO{ afWotfdf kl/0ft gu/f} . cfkm\gf] sf/f]af/ k|lt ;r]t /xf} . c;n sf/f]af/ ul/ cfkm\gf]