5fqfaf; gx'“bf ef8fdf ljBfyL{
sfe|]df ! nfv @( xhf/ % ;o ($ ejg
!*xhf/%;o%%j6fejgvfnL
/x]sf] lhNnfsf] tYofÍdf hg;+Vof 36\bf] qmddf /x]sf] 5 . ljb]lzPsf dWo] !$ xhf/ * ;o !@ hgf k'?if 5g\ eg] % xhf/ $^ hgf dlxnf 5g\ . ljb]zdf a:g] cg'dlt lnO{ ;s]sf gful/sx?sf] u0fgfdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5}g . sfe|]df s'n hg;+Vofdf ! nfv &* xhf/ ( ;o ( k'?if / ! nfv *% xhf/ ! ;o #) dlxnf 5g\ . *) xhf/ ^! 3/ kl/jf/sf (! xhf/ # ;o # 3/ w'/L /x]sf] 5 . sfe|]df &% k|ltzt
;fIf/tf ;fIf/ sfeknf~rfs lhNnf
. Aoj;foLs
tyf tflnd s]Gb|x?sf ?kdf @% ;o &(
j6f ejg lgdf{0f ePsf 5g\ . ;/sf/L
ejg # ;o &$ j6f 5g\ eg] z}lIfs
;+:yfx? ! xhf/ $ ;o ^& j6f lgdf{0f
ePsf 5g\ . e'sDk kl5 ljBfno ejg
lgdf{0fsf] ;+Vof XjfQ} a9]sf] xf] . :jf:Yo
;+:yfx?sf] ;+Vof @ ;o %* j6f 5g\ .
x/]s j8fdf :jf:Yo rf}sL lgdf{0f tyf
c:ktfn lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 . pBf]usf
nflu % ;o &@ j6f ejg lgdf{0f ePsf
5g\ . lhNnfdf xf]6n tyf nhsf nflu
$ ;o $@ j6f ejg lgdf{0f ePsf]
tYof+sdf pNn]v 5 . lhNnfdf uf]7 tyf
:6f]/sf nflu lgdf{0f ePsf ejgx?sf]
;+Vof !& xhf/ # ;o !@ j6f lgdf{0f 5g\ . cGo ejgx?sf] ;+Vof & xhf/ $ ;o !) j6f /x]sf 5g\ . vfnL 3/x?sf] ;+Vof
!*xhf/ %;o %%j6f /x]sf5g\ .
Uof“; / bfp/f k|of]u ug{]a/fa/L
lhNnfdf cS;/ vfgf
ksfpg cem} sf7 bfp/f k|of]u ug{]x?sf]
dfWodaf6 vfgf ksfpg] kl/jf/ @# j6f /x]sf 5g\ . vfgf ksfpg] ;Fu} aQL afNg ljleGg dfWod k|of]u ePsf] 5 .
lhNnfdf ljh'nL k|of]u ug{]x?sf] ;+Vof *& xhf/ ( ;o *! 3/ kl/jf/ /x]sf 5g\ . ;f]nf/ ;f}o{ phf{ k|of]u ug{] kl/jf/ # xhf/ ! ;o $^ /x]sf] 5 . dl§t]n afNg] 3/ kl/jf/ ! ;o ! 5g\ eg] afof]UofF; & / cGo (% /x]sf 5g\ .
@) xhf/ gful/s
d'n'saflx/
3fif0ff ePsf] % jif{ kl5 ePsf] hgu0fgfdf sfeknf~rfs lhNnfsf] tYofÍ &%=^* kltzt dfq} blvPsf] 5 . ;fIf/ xg !%–^) pd/ ;dxsf AolQmx?nfO{ dfq} ;d6/ ;fdfGo nvk9 tyf cIf/ lrGg ;Sg] ePsf] cj:yfdf ;fIf/ dflgPsf] lyof] . hgu0fgfdf ;a} pd]/ ;d'xsf gful/sx?sf] ;fIf/tf u0fgf ubf{ kltztdf sd ePsf] xg ;Sg] :yfgLo txsf kltlglwx?n] atfPsf 5g\ . ;fIf/tfsf lx;fan] ;aeGbf w/ agkf gu/kflnsfdf
uf]s'n]÷;+3Lotfsf cfwf/df tLg txsf ;/sf/ lgdf{0f eP/ klxnf] sfo{sfn k"/f u/] klg :yfgLo ;/sf/sf ;d:ofdf dflyNnf b'O{ txsf ;/sf/ cem} lhDd]jf/ aGg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . ljs6 If]q 8fF8fkf/Lsf clwsf+z ;d:ofdf ;+3 / k|b]z ;/sf/ pbf;Lg ag]sf x'g\ . dxfef/t ufpFkflnsfsf] uf]s'n] dfWolds ljBfnodf cWoog ug{ b}lgs ^ 306f lx8g' kg{] afWotf 5 . lx8]/ cfpg g;Sg] ljBfyL{x?n] aLrdf sIff 5f8\g] u/]sf 5g\ . x/]s jif{ afnaflnsfx?sf] of] ;d:ofnfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ ljBfno / cleefjsn] kxn gu/]sf xf]O{gg\ . t/ klg ;/sf/n] ;xof]u gu/]sf sf/0f ljBfnodf 5fqfaf; aGg g;Sbf afnaflnsfx?n] ;s; Aoxf]l//x]sf 5g\ . …ljBfnodf 5fqfaf; gx'Fbf sIff ^ b]lv !@ sIff;Dd cWoog ubf{;Dd 8]/f lnP/ cWoog ul//x]sf] 5'Ú–uf]s'n] dfWolds ljBfnosf] sIff !@ cWoog ug{] zld{nf df]Qmfgn] eGg'eof] –…sIff % ;Dd cWoog ug{] ljBfno klg 3/af6 s]lx 6f9f eP klg ToxfFsf] cWoog ;s]/ afFsL sIffsf] cWoogsf nflu 8]/f lnP/ a:g'sf] ljsNk ePg .Ú uf]s'n] dfWolds ljBfno cWoog ug{ ^) hgf ljBfyL{x? ef8fdf a;]sf 5g\
. dfWolds txsf] cWoogs} nflu ef8fdf a:g' kg{] afWotfdf klg cleefjsx?n] ;Gtfgsf] lzIffsf nflu of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf 5g\ . e'sDk cl3 uf]s'n] dfWolds ljBfnodf 5fqfaf;sf] Aoj:yf lyof] . kof{Kt ;'ljwf geP klg ljBfnosf] 5fqfaf; x'Fbf lzIfsx?sf] /]vb]v, ljBfno xftf leqsf] jftfj/0f / cGo ;'ljwfsf sf/0f afnaflnsfx?nfO{ ;xh x'g] u/]sf] k|wfgfWofks kbd ltdlN;gfn] atfpg' eof] . e'sDk kl5 ejg lgdf{0f sfo{ hf/L eP klg k|b]z ;/sf/n] 5fqfaf;sf nflu ;xof]u gubf{ afnaflnsfx?n] ef8fd} a;]/ cWoog ul//xg' k/]sf] 5 . zld{nf h:t} lg?tf /df}nL du/ klg sIff ^ b]lv g} ef8fdf a:b} cfpg' ePsf] 5 . sIff $ b]lv !@ sIff;Dd cWoog ug{] ljBfyL{x? ef8fdf a:g' k/] kl5 aLrd} k9fO{ 5f8\g] ;d:of /f]Sg g;lsPsf] cWoIf sfG5fnfn lhDafn] atfpg' eof] . …ljBfyL{x?sf] ;'ljwfsf nflu ljBfno leq} 5fqfaf; lgdf{0fsf nflu kxn u/]sf 5f}+Ú–cWoIf lhDafn] eGg'eof]–…dxfef/t ufpFkflnsf leqsf clwsf+z ljBfnodf k'Ug] ljBfyL{x? b}lgs # 306f cfpg / # 306f hfg ;do nfUg] u/]sf sf/0f aLrd} cWoog 5f8\g], /sd cefjsf sf/0f cleefjsn] k9fpg g;Sg], rfx]/ klg afnaflnsfx?n] /fd|f] afFsL @ k]hdf nId0f ltdlN;gf ag]kf
;+Vof clws
5 . (! xhf/ # ;o #) 3/ w'/L dWo] $% xhf/ @ ;o (( 3/ w'/L
sf7 bfp/f k|of]u u5{g . PnkL UofF;
k|of]u ug{]
/x]sf]
3/w'/L $$ xhf/ * ;o @(
5 . bfp/f / UofF; k|of]u ug{] 3/ w'/L
a/fa/L h:t} ePsf 5g\ . lah'nLaf6 vfgf ksfpg]x?sf] ;+Vof ! ;o &# dfq}
5 . u'O{7f uf]a/ k|of]u ug{]x?sf] ;+Vof (
5 eg] afof] UofF; k|of]u ug{] 3/w'/Lx? * ;o (% /x]sf] 5 . dl§t]n k|of]u ug{]
kl/jf/ ! ;o @ 3/ 5g\ eg] ljleGg
hgu0fgf @)&* sf] tYof+sn] lhNnfsf] s'n hg;+Vofdf pNn]v ePsf # nfv ^$ xhf/ #( hg;+Vof eGbf afx]s !( xhf/ % ;o %* hgf gful/s d'n's aflx/ /x]sf] tYofÍ ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . aflx/ uPsf gful/sx? ;lxt lhNnfsf]
hg;+Vof # nfv *# xhf/ * ;o (& /x]sf] 5 . @)^* ;fnsf] hgu0fgfdf # nfv *! xhf/ ( ;o #& s'n hg;+Vof
*$=*! kltzt gful/sx? ;fIf/ blvPsf 5g\ eg] ;a} eGbf sd rf/Lbp/fnL ufpkflnsfdf %&=&% kltzt dfq} ;fIf/ blvPsf 5g\ . lhNnfsf] ljs6 dflgPsf kflnsf vflgvfnfdf &%=!* kltzt / dxfef/tdf &)=@( kltzt ;fIf/ blvPsf
5g\ . ayfGrfs ufpkflnsfdf &!=^^ kltzt ;fIf/ 5g\ eg] eDndf ^&=)% kltzt ;fIf/ 5g\ . wlnvndf *)=!# kltzt ;fIf/ /xsf 5g\ . d08gbpk/df &@=^$ kltzt ;fIf/ 5g\ . gdfa4df &!=)# kltzt, kgftLdf *!=)% kltzt, kfrvfndf &%=!% kltzt / /fzLdf ^(=%@ kltzt ;fIf/ 5g\ . To:t} tdfn ufpkflnsfdf ^!=@$ kltzt ;fIf/ 5g\ .
/x]gg\ ag]kfsf ;+:yfks d]o/ 8f= ;'/]Gb|
ag]kf÷tTsflng gu/ k~rfot @)#( ;fn xfn ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf ;+:yfks gu/ k|d'v 8f= ;'/]Gb| axfb'/ afb] >]i7sf]utzlgaf/lgwgePsf]5. 8f= afb] gu/sf] # k6s ;Dd gu/ k|d'vsf ?kdf /xg' ePsf] lyof] . gu/sf] klxnf] d]o/ /fhlglt1, lzIff ;]jL tyf ;dfh ;]jL jfb]n] ag]kfsf] ljsf;df 7'nf] of]ubfg u/]sf] jtfO{G5 . :j= jfb]sf] kfly{j z/L/df g]kfnL sf+u|]; jfudtL k|b]z dxfdGqL tyf afudtL k|b]zsf ;f+;b\ s~rgrGb| jfb]n] kf6L{sf] em08f cf8fpg' ePsf] lyof] . To;} gu/kflnsfn] zf]s aStAo hf/L u/L gu/kflnsf / dftxtsf j8f sfo{nox? ljbf lbO{ zf]s dgfPsf] lyof] . 8f= afb]sf] >4f~hnLsf nfuL gu/kflnsfdf!306f/flvPsf]lyof]. pQm >4f~hnLdf gu/ k|d'v zflGt/Tg zfSo pkk|d'v ljdnf ;fksf]6f, k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L k'0oljqmd kf}8]n, lhNnfk|x/Lk|d'v,k|d'vk|zf;sLo
kf]6{]hsf] $ lbg] cfwf/e"t tflnd ;DkGg
agkf÷^ aif{ pd/ dlgsf afnaflnsfx?, hf] a9bf] pd/sf] cgkftdf ljsf;dfl9nfO{ePsftyfzfl//Ls,dfgl;s/ 1fglGbo ;d:of -ckfËtf_ ePsfx?sf] nflu 3/df cfwfl/t l56f] klt/fwfTds kf/lDes sfosd sfofGjog ;DalGw cfwf/et tflnd ;DkGgePsf]5. aRrfdf slGbt eO{ dntM cleefjsnfO{ g} dxTjk0f{dfg/;rfngePsf]tflndsf]zef/De afudtL kbzsf ;f;b sGrgrGb| afbn ugePsf] lyof] eg] ;dfkg agkf gu/kflnsfsf kdv zflGt/Tg zfSon] ;xeflux?nfO{ kbfg ug eP kl5 ;:yfsf cWoIf ;/y axfb/ yfkfaf6;dfkgePsf]lyof].
$ lbg ;Dd ;+rfng ePsf] ;f] tflndsf ;xeflux? ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf]
efjk"0f >4f~hnL
clws[t lzj k|;fb xf]d]ufO{, j8f cWoIfx?, O{nfsf k\x/L sfo{nosf k|d'v /]zdaf]xf]/f,lhNnf6«flkmssfof{nsfk|d'v ;'/]Gb| yfkf, :yfgLojf;L, Aoj;foL nufotn] >4f~hnL ck{0f u/]sf lyP . 8f= jfb]sf]kfly{jz/L/nfO{cfO{taf/g}cGTo]li6 ul/Psf]lyof].
!$ j6} j8fsf dlxnf :jf:Yo :jod ;]jLsfx? dWo] !! hgf k|ltlglwx?,lzIfsx?nufot@#hgfnfO{
k|d'v k|lzIfssf] ?kdf dl0f/fh >]i7, k|lzIfssf] ?kdf ;'/]z k|wfg,zfGtnfn >]i7,sfG5L d}+of yfkfaf6 ljsf;df l9nfO{ tyfckfËtfePsfafnaflnsfx?sf]
klxrfg, kf]6]{h ;+:yfsf] ;fdfGo kl/ro, l56f] k|lt/f]wfTds sfo{qmdsf] cfaZoStf, dxTj tyf kmfO{bfx?sf,l56f] k|lt/f]wfTds sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog sfo{gLltsf r/0fx?, afn ljsf; / ljsf;fTds l9nfO{,kf]6]{h r]slni6 / sf8{sf] dxTj / o;df ePsf ljsf;fTds lqmofsnfkx? Aff/] If]qut ?kdf k|of]]]]]u,n]vfhf]vfsf] dfWodaf6 aRrfsf] ljBdfg l:ylt yfxf kfpg] tl/sfx?, cfwf/ /]vf tyf nIox? lgwf{/0f,sfo{ laZn]if0f, u'0f:tl/o l;sfO{sf] nflu ;+ang, kyk|bz{g jf ;xof]u (Prompting),lzIf0fl;sfO{sfk|efjsf/L lalw tyf tl/sfx?, u[xe]6 hfbf Wofg lbg' kg]{ k|ls|ofut sfo{x?, ;xhstf{sf] e"ldsf,j}olQms z}lIfs of]hgf,d"Nof+sg clen]v nufotsf laifox?df ;xlhs/0f ug'{ePsf]lyof]. pQm tflnd dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf Ho]i7 gful/s dGqfnosf] cfly{s cg'bfg ;xof]u tyf ag]kf gu/kflnsf / kf]6]{h tyf k'g:yf{kgf ;+:yf g]kfnsf]cfof]hgfdf;DkGgePsf]lyof].
:juf{/f]x0f @)*).@.@ hGd !((!.(.@^ :j dbguf]kfn dfsh
g]skf Pdfn] w'lnv]n gu/ sld6L kl/jf/,
w'lnv]n, sfe|]
ag]kf÷ag]kf gu/kflnsfn] oftfoft Joj:yfkg tyf a;kfs{ ;~rfng ;DaGwLsfo{of]hgfsfof{Gjog;'?u/]sf]5. gu/kflnsfdf hgk|ltlglw, oftfoft Joj;foL nufot ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ;j{kIfLo a}7sn] cfjZos lg0f{o;lxt sfo{of]hgf cl3 a9fPsf] xf] . sfo{of]hgfdf h]7 !) ut]b]vL a;kfs{ k"0f{ ?kdf ;~rfngdf Nofpg],;jf/LrfkJoj:yfkgsfnflu;le{;
6«ofs vfnL u/fpg], lghL ;jf/L ;fwgnfO{ a;kfs{df kfs{ ug{ lgif]w ug]{ pNn]v ul/Psf]
5 . gu/kflnsf If]qnfO{ Jojl:yt / ;kmf agfpg]of]hgfcGtu{tsfo{of]hgf;lxtsfd ;'? ul/Psf] gu/k|d'v zflGt/Tg zfSon] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . pknAw 7fpFnfO{ Jojl:y tug{ ;lsPdfq} klg w]/} ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g] pxfFsf]egfO{5.
o:t} pk–k|d'v ljdnf ;fksf]6fn] k|ltIffno / l6s6 sfp06/sf]
Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u ug{ oftfoft
Joj;foLnfO{ cfu|x ug'{ePsf] 5 . 5nkmndf
gu/k|d'v zflGt/Tg zfSo, pk–k|d'v ljdnf
;fksf]6f, k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t lzjk|;fbx'd]ufFO{,k|zf;sLoclws[tw'|j/fh
g]kfn, Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no ag]kfsf k|d'v l8P;kL /]zd af]xf]/f, lhNnf 6«flkms k|x/L sfof{no sfe|]sf k|d'v ;'/]z yfkf, g]kfn
pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf pkfWoIf ;'/s[i0f
a}B, sfe|] k'0ojtL oftfoft k|flnsf cWoIf /fh]z;'Gb/ ;}+h', sfe|] a; k|flnsf cwoIf
a0f{ zfSo, l;Gw'–x]nDa' oftfoft ;]jf k|flnsf cWoIf /fh]z >]i7 nufotsf]
pkl:ytL /x]sf] lyof] . a}7sn] c/lgsf]
/fhdfu{ eP/ ;~rfng x'g] ;a} ofq'jfxs
a;x? ag]kf a;kfs{ k|j]z u/]/ ofq' r9\g] cf]n{g] Joj:yf ldnfpg lhNnf 6«flkms k|x/L sfof{no cfjZos sfo{ of]hgf ;lxt sfof{Gjogsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . o:t} a;kfs{ ;~rfng / ;jf/L rfk Joj:yfkgsf nflu c/lgsf] /fhdfu{ ag]kf v08sf] xfnnfO{ a;kfs{ k|j]z ug]{ klZrd k|j]z dfu{b]vL tLgbf]af6f];Dd / rfFbgL rf]sb]vL rf/bf]af6f];Ddsf] blIf0ftkm{sf] ;le{; 6«ofs vfnL u/fO{ ;f]xL 6«ofsaf6 a; ;~rfngsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] ;xdtL ;d]t a}7sdfePsf]5. ag]kfaf6 ljleGg :yfgsf nflu 5'6\g] a;x? a;kfs{af6 dfq} 5'6\g] Joj:yf ldnfpg],l86]gdf /xg] a;x? a;kfs{df kfls{ª lgif]w ug]{, lghL ;jf/L ;fwg a;kfs{df kfs{ ug{ lgif]w ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[tlzjk|;fbx'd]ufO{n]hfgsf/Llbg'eof]
. oftfoft Joj:yfkg / a;kfs{ ;~rfngsf ljifodftof/ePsf]sfo{of]hgfsfof{Gjogsf nflu lhNnf 6«flkms k|x/L sfof{nosf] ;xhLs/0fdf ;a} oftfoft Joj;foL dhb'/ ;+u7gsf k|ltlglwx?;u cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] 5 . a}7sn] h]7 !) ut]af6 a;kfs{ k'0f{?kdf ;~rfngsf nflu ;DaGwLt ;a} kIfn] cfjZos ;xof]u / ;xhLs/0fug]{lg0f{ou/]sf]5.