Year 29 issue 29

k};f x'“bf dfq} gful/stf

@,(!& d'2fdf !,$&* j6f km};nf ‘pn{bF]’ ;DaGw ljR5]b, 8/nfUbf] ‘s/0fL’ d'2f

ljR5]bsf 36gf btf{ ePsf 5g\ . ljutsf jif{x?df eGbf rfn' jif{df ;DaGw ljR5]bsf d'2f w]/} btf{ ePÚ–lhNnf cbfnt sfe|]knf~rf]ssf >]:t]bf/ uf]ljGb l3ld/]n]

eGg'eof]–…;DaGw ljR5]bsf sf/0f

plgx?af6 hGd]sf ;Gtfg a]jfl/;] x'g] qmd a9]sf] 5 . h;sf sf/0f afnaflnsfx?sf] afndl:tsdf kfg{]

k|efjn] eljiodf pTkGg x'g] hf]lvdnfO{

;f]Rg ;lsPsf] 5}g .Ú ;DaGw ljR5]b ePsf 36gfdf klg ;DklQsf] xsbfjL sfof{Gjogdf sl7gfO{ b]lvPsf] 5 . s]lxn] ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] ;§f c+zrng / dfgfrfdndf d'2f btf{ u/]sf 5g\ . k|ljlwsf] k|of]u / v'Ndv'Nnf ;dfhsf sf/0f ;DaGw ljR5]bsf 36gfdf a[l4 x'g yfn]sf] ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 . lhNnf cbfnt sfe|]knf~rf]sdf rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] @)&( ;fpg ! ut] b]lv @)&(

r}q d;fGt;Ddsf] ( dlxgfsf] cjwLdf # ;o ^% j6f ;DjGw ljR5]bsf d'2f

btf{ ePsf 5g\ . lhNnfdf kmf}hbf/L

;/sf/jfbL cGt{ut btf{ x'g] d'2fx? dWo]

8/nfUbf] tYofÍ b]lvPsf] s/0fL ;DaGwL d'2f /x]sf 5g\ . x/]s dlxgf $ j6f eGbf

vfgLvf]nf÷ef}uf]lns

ljs6tfsf sf/0f Pshgfsf] gful/stf

k|flKtsf nflu gful/sx?n] !$ xhf/

?k}ofF;Dd vr{ ug{' kg{] afWotf lhNnfsf] vfgLvf]nf ufpFkflnsfsf ;j{;fwf/0fn] ef]Ug' k/]sf] 5 . ;8s ;~hfn gx'g', Ps} lbgdf gful/stf agfP/ kms{g g;Sg', gful/stfsf nflu

cfjZos sfuhft k'Ug g;Sbf k6s k6s kms{g' kg{] h:tf ljljw sf/0f

cfly{s jif{ @)&*÷)&( af6 rfn' cfly{s jif{ @)&(÷)*) sf nflu ! xhf/ % ;o %% yfg d'2fsf] lhDd]jf/L ;/]sf] lyof] . rfn' jif{sf] ( dlxgfsf] cjwLdf ! xhf/ # ;o ^@ yfg btf{ ePsf 5g\ . s'n d'2fsf] ;+Vof @ xhf/ ( ;o !& k'u]sf] 5 . w]/} s/0fLsf 36gf btf{ x'g] u/]sf] tYofÍn] b]vfPsf] 5 . Psn dlxnf, afnaflnsf b]lv h]i7 gful/sx?;Dd ha{hl:t s/0fL cleof]usf lzsf/ ag]sf 5g\ . @) jif{ eGbf sd pd]/df ljjfx ug{ gkfO{g] afWosf/L sfg"gsf sf/0f klg s]lx 36gf ha{hl:t s/0fLdf btf{ ePsf 5g\ . k|]d ug{], ;DjGw /xg] clg kl/jf/n] yfxf kfP/ c;dembf/L ePsf] lbg ha{hl:ts/0fLdf d'2f btf{ ePsf 36gf klg 5g\ . ljjfx ug{ ldn]g, aRrf ;d]t hlGd;s]sf] cj:yfdf hGdbtf{, ljjfx btf{ h:tf ;d:of b]vfpFFb} ph'/L u/]sf 36gf klg al9/x]sf 5g\ . ( dlxgfsf] cjwLdf $! j6f s/0fL ;DjGwL d'2f btf{ ePsf] cbfntn] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . h;df ha{hl:t s/0fL ;DjGwL #^ j6f d'2f btf{ ePsf 5g\ eg] afn of}g b'Ao{jxf/df rf/j6f / ha{hl:t s/0fL pBf]udf Pp6f d'2f btf{ ePsf] 5 . ;xdltdf ;DjGw /fv]sf] eP klg kl/jf/, ;dfh / cfkmGtn] hfgsf/L kfP kl5 ha{hl:t s/0fLdf cleof]u btf{ ePsf s]lx d'2fx? klg 5g\ .

lhNnf cbfnt sfe|]knf~rf]sdf btf{ ePsf dWo] c+z rng ;DjGwL ! ;o &% yfg d'2f of] jif{sf x'g\ . ( dlxgfsf] cjwLdf dlxnfx?n] !^ j6f dfgf rfdndf / ! ;o &% j6f c+z rng ;DjGwL d'2f btf{ u/fP . s/f/ ;DjGwL !^ yfg, ljz]if s/f/ ! yfg, hUuf s'nf] ;DjGwL !& yfg d'2f btf{ ePsf 5g\ . ldnfkq ;DjGwL !, lnnfd ab/ ;DjGwL ^, n]gb]g ;DjGwL ! ;o @% yfg, km};nf ab/ ;DaGwL !$ yfg, cGo Ifltk'lt{ ;DjGwL ! yfgf, ef]uflwsf/ ;DaGwL ! yfg, ;DklQ pkef]u ;DjGwL ! yfg, ck'tfnL ;DjGwL ! yfg / lnvt ab/ ;DaGwL ! ;o @! yfg d'2f btf{ ePsf 5g\ . kl5Nnf] ;do n]gb]g, r]s cgfbf/ / lnvt ab/sf ljjfb al9/x]sf 5g\ . cfly{s ;+s6 tyf hUuf sf/f]jf/df cfPsf] dGbL / Aoj;foLs dlGbsf sf/0f o:tf 36gfdf a[l4 ePsf] xf] . rfn' jif{sf] ( dlxgf r}q d;fGt;Dd ax'ljjfx ;DjGwL ^ j6f dfq} d'2f btf{ ePsf 5g\ . sfg"gn] bf]>f] ljjfxnfO{ dfGotf afFsL @ k]hdf

uf]s'n]÷d'n's wd{ lg/k]If eP;Fu} g]kfndf wd{ kl/jt{g ug{]x?sf] ;+Vof al9/x]sf] 5 . ljz]ifu/L ;+ljwfgn] g} wd{ lg/k]Iftfsf] Aoj:yf u/] kl5 ufpF ufpF lqmlZrog wd{ dfGg]x? v'Ng yfn]sf 5g\ . hgu0fgf @)&* sf] tYof+s ;fj{hlgs eP klg wd{ kl/jt{g ug{]x?sf] ;+Vof / wd{ cg';f/sf] k|ltzt ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5}g . dxfef/t ufpFkflnsf l:yt uf]s'n]df b'O{j6f ljZjf;L rr{ 5g\ . ljlne;{ Oi6g{ rr{ uf]s'n] ! df :yfkgf ePsf] 8]9 bzs eO{;s]sf] 5 . pQm rr{df k|To]s zlgaf/ !)=#) ah] cf/fwgf ;do tf]lsPsf] 5 . pQm rr{df ufpFe/Lsf ^% eGbf w]/} gful/sx? ;xefuL x'G5g\ . dsjfgk'/ x'Fb} uf]s'n] cfO{k'u]sf s]lx ljZjf;Lx?n] uf]s'n]df cfP/ rr{ / To;df ;xefuL x'Fbf x'g] ljZjf; / kl/jt{gsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP . ;f]lx :yfgdf s]lx AolQmx? nfdf] ;do lj/fdL k/]sf lyP .

c:ktfn, wfdL emfFqmKsf] dfWodaf6 nfdf] ;do pkrf/ x'Fbf klg lgsf] x'g ;s]g . dfof df/]/ 3/ kmsf{Psf lj/fdLx?nfO{ ha O;fO{ wd{ cg';f/ k|fy{gf u/fO{of] . lj:tf/} lj/fdL lgsf] x'g yfn] . 3/sf] Ps hgfdf ePsf] pQm ;d:of lj:tf/} c?df b]lvof] . c:ktfn n}hfFbf l7s ePg . rr{df hfFbf l7s eof] . Tolx cfwf/df ljlne{; Oi6g{ rr{ :yfkgf eof] . s]lx AolQmx?nfO{ l5d]sL b]z ef/t;Dd k'¥ofP/ To; ;DjGwL cWoog u/fO{of] . Tolx cWoogsf cfwf/df ljZjf;Lsf af/]df :yfgLox?nfO{ a'emfpg ;Sg] AolQmnfO{ rr{sf] k|d'v agfO{of] . lj:tf/} lj:tf/} al9/x]sf ljZjf;Lx?sf] ;+Vof clxn] uf]s'n]sf] Pp6f 6f]ndf dfq} ^% eGbf w]/} 5 . rr{ ;+rfngsf nflu ;xefuLx? cfkm}n] /sd ;+sng ul//x]sf 5g\ . :yfgLo lzIfs ;d]t /xg' ePsf df]xgbf; >]i7n] wd{ kl/jt{g eGbf klg ljZjf;Lx? al9/x]sf] atfpg' eof] . uf]s'n]df g} csf{] ;+:yf lktf k/d]Zj/ :yfkgf ePsf] 5 . afFsL & k]hdf

C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] gub 8s}tL ug]{ lu/f]xsf $ hgf ;b:o kqmfp k/]sf 5g\ .

pgLx?nfO{ sf7df8f}+ / dsjfgk'/af6 kqmfp u/L k|x/Ln] d+unaf/ ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . kqmfp k/]sfdWo] b'O{hgf ljutdf klg ;xsf/L n'6kf6df ;+nUg /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . k|x/Ln] ;fd"bflos ;fsf];sf] 8s}tLdf ;+nUg ^ hgfdWo] dsjfgk'/ lhNnf O{G›;/f]j/ ufpFkflnsf j8f gDa/ % 3/ ePsf jif{ @$ sf] cd[t lyª, aif{ @( sf] ulDa/ eGg] ;f]dnfn lyª, aif{ #) sf] czf]s ?Daf / aif{ #% sf] cua/ nfdfnfO{ kqmfp u/]sf] 5 . lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no sfe|]sf k|d'v P;kL efUo]Gb| k'?if 9sfnsf cg';f/ cd[t lyª nfdfnfO{ h]7 ! ut] /ftL !@

ah]/ #) ldg]6df sf7df08f} lhNnf rG›flu/L gu/kflnsf– !) ;t'Ënaf6 kqmfp ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f]dnfn lyªnfO{ h]7 ! ut] /ftL ! ah]/ !) ldg]6df sf7df08f} rG›flu/L gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ !) sf] :ofªhfnL rf]saf6, czf]s ?DafnfO{ ;f]xL lbg laxfg $ ah] O{G›;/f]j/ ufpFkflnsf j8f gDa/ % kmfv]n l:yt 3/af6} kqmfp ul/Psf] xf] eg] cua/ nfdfnfO{ klg laxfg $M#) ah]sf] ;dodf kmfv]naf6 kqmfp ul/Psf] k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . kqmfp k/]sfdWo] cd[t lyª / ;f]dkfn lyª s]xL aif{cl3 nlntk'/sf] Ps ;xsf/L n'6kf6sf] 36gfdf kqmfp afFsL @ k]hdf

gful/sn] gful/stf k|fKtLd} ;fl:t Aoxf]g{' k/]sf] hgk|ltlglwx?n] atfPsf 5g\ . …;+3Lotfsf] dd{ cg';f/ klg gful/sx?n] ;xh ;]jf k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf 5}ggÚ–vfgLvf]nf ufpFkflnsfsf cWoIf OGb|axfb'/ lyËn] eGg'eof]–…hlta]nf rflxof] plta]nf gful/stf lng hfg] kl/l:ytL ljs6tfs} sf/0f ePsf] 5 . h;sf sf/0f gful/sn] yk b'Mv kfPsf 5g\ .Ú ufpFkflnsfdf Onfsf afFsL @ k]hdf kgf}tL÷kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ $ l:yt ;fd'bfoLs art tyf

ljZjf; a9fp“b} ‘ljZjf;L’

lhp“bf] zxLb d's]z sfo:ysf] /fli6«o ;Ddfgsf ;fy cGTo]li6 ;/sf/n] u¥of] zlxb 3f]if0ff

a}Båo / yfkfnfO{ 1fgs'~hn] u¥of] ;Ddfg

ag]kf÷bf];|f] hgcfGbf]ngsf

3fOt] lhpFbf] zxLb d's]z sfo:ysf] /fli6«o

;Ddfgsf ;fy cGTo]li6 ul/Psf] 5 .

j}zfv @& ut] ;fFem d[To' x'g'ePsf

sfo:ysf] @* ut] ljlxaf/ lbpF;f]

pu|lty]{Zj/ 3f6df bfx;+:sf/ ul/Psf] xf] .

@)^@÷)^# sf] hgcfGbf]ngsf qmddf

@)^@ ;fn r}t @& ut] ag]kf

tLgbf]af6f]df ;'/IffsdL{n] xfg]sf] uf]nL

d's]zsf] s~r6df nfu]sf] lyof] . ;f]xL

lbgb]lv cf]R5\ofg kg'{ ePsf d's]zsf] #@

jif{sf] pd]/df lgwg ePsf] xf] . sIff * df

cWoog/t !$ jifL{o d's]z To;otfsf !&

jif{ ! dlxgf cf]R5\ofgsf] cf]R5\ofg}

x'g'x'GYof] . ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/

* :yfoL 3/ ePsf d's]z @)$* ;fn ebf}

( ut] hlGdg'ePsf] xf] . bf];|f]

hgcfGbf]ngdf uf]nL nfu]kl5 pxfFnfO{ kIf3ft ePsf] lyof] . !& jif{;Dd klg pxfF

cw{r]t cj:yfdf x'g'x'GYof] . lg/Gt/sf] pkrf/kl5 d's]z afofF xft rnfpg], xfF:g], lunf] vfg] s'/f vfg] / lXjnlro/df cl8g ;Sg] x'g'ePsf] lyof] . @)&% c;f/df crfgs la/fdL k/]kl5 pxfF km]l/ cw{r]t x'g'eof] . pxfFnfO{ s]lx ;docl3 :jf;k|:jf;df ;d:of ePkl5 ag]kfl:yt zL/ d]df]l/on c:ktfndf egf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . pkrf/sf] qmddf a'waf/ ;fFem pxfFsf] d[To' ePsf] xf] . sfo:ysf] zjnfO{ ljlxaf/ ljxfg !) ah]b]vL @ ah];Dd clGtd >4f~hnLsf nflu ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf] k|fË0fdf /flvPsf] lyof] . To;kZrft g]kfn k|x/Lsf] 6f]nLn] zf]s w'g ahfpFb} d's]zsf] zjnfO{ ahf/ kl/qmdf u/fOPsf] lyof] . zj ofqfdf ;of}+sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . pxfFsf a'af s[i0fdfgn] kfly{j z/L/df bfuaQL lbg'ePsf] lyof] . d's]zsf] lgwgk|lt >4f~hnL tyf kl/jf/df ;dj]bgf k|s6 ug{ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqL cdgnfn df]bL, :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqL df]xgaxfb'/ a:g]t, g]kfnL sf+u|];sf

dxfdGqL ljZjk|sfz zdf{, k"j{dGqL Pj+ sfe|] k|ltlglw ;ef If]q gDa/ @ sf ;f+;b\ uf]s'n af:sf]6f, sfe|] If]q gDa/ ! sf ;f+;b\ ;'o{dfg bf]ª nfnWjh, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt sfe|]sf k|d'v lbkss'df/ uf}td, k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L k'0o ljqmd

kf}8]n, k|b]z;ef ;b:o tyf ljleGg

:yfgLo txsf hgk|ltlglw nufotsf]

pkl:ytL /x]sf] lyof] . ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf]

k|ltlglwsf] ?kdf ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf

;fdfGo k|zf;gdGqL cdgnfn df]bLn]

d's]zsf] zjdf /fli6«o em08f cf]9fpFb}

pxfFk|tL >4f~hnL ck{0f ug'{eof] . dGqL

df]bLn] d's]zh:t} of]4fsf sf/0f

nf]stGq, u0ftGq k|fKt ePsf] atfpg'eof] .

kl/jt{gsf] cfGbf]ngdf v]n]sf] dxTjk'0f{ of]ubfgsf sf/0f d's]z o'uf}+ o'u;Dd afFRg]

pxfFn] atfpg'eof] . dGqL df]bLn] d's]znfO{

zxLb 3f]if0ffsf nflu k|s[of cl3 a9fpg]

klg k|lta4tf hgfpg'ePsf] 5 . o:t} :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof

dGqL df]xgaxfb'/ a:g]tn] nf]stflGqs zf;g Joj:yf :yflkt ug{ d's]zsf] 7'nf] of]ubfg /x]sf] atfpg'eof] . k"j{dGqL Pj+ sfe|] k|ltlglw;ef If]q gDa/ @ af6 lgjf{lrt ;f+;b\ uf]s'n af:sf]6fn] kl/jf/n] Pp6f ;b:o u'dfPsf] dfq} geO{ b]zn] of]4f u'dfPsf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn]

d's]znfO{ hgcfGbf]ngsf] zxLb 3f]if0ff

ug{ dfu ;d]t ug'{ePsf] 5 . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt k|d'v lbks uf}tdn] d's]z

sfo:ysf] lgwgn] sfe|] lhNnf g} cFWof/f]

ePsf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFh:tf of]4fn] ;+3if{

gu/]sf] eP u0ftGq k|fKt x'gg;Sg] uf}tdsf]

egfO{ lyof] . d's]z sfo:y xfldaLr g/x]

klg pxfFn] b]vfpg'ePsf] c;n dfu{nfO{ ;w}+ ;Demg] ;dGjo k|d'v uf}tdn]

atfpg'eof] . o:t} k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L

k'0o ljqmd kf}8]nnn] d's]z / pxfFsf]

kl/jf/sf] pRr ;Ddfg x'g]u/L zxLb 3f]if0ff

nufotsf yk k|s[of cl3 a9fpg]

k|ltj4tf hgfpg'eof] . ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf gu/

k|d'v zflGt/Tg zfSon] d's]zn]

kl/jt{gsf] cfGbf]ngdf v]n]sf] e"ldsf

e'Ng} g;lsg] atfpg'eof] . pxfFsf] ;kgf

k'/f ug{sf nflu c;n sfo{x? ub}{ hfg]

atfpFb} gu/ k|d'v zfSon] d's]zsf]

of]ubfgnfO{ lrlqt ug]{, hLjGt /fVg]

lhDd]jf/L k'/f ug]{ atfpg'eof] . ag]kfsf]

pko'Qm :yfgdf zflns lgdf{0f ug]{, gofF

lgdf{0f x'g] ;+3;+:yf, :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf d's]zsf] gfd k|ltljDa x'g]u/L gfdfs/0f ug]{ klg gu/ k|d'v zfSon] atfpg'eof] . d's]z sfo:y k|lti7fgsf k|d'v ;+of]hs df]xg b'jfnn] d's]znfO{

b]zsf] uxgfsf] ?kdf lrlqt ug'{eof] . pxfFn] d's]znfO{ zxLb 3f]if0ff ug{, k|b]z ;/sf/af6 d's]z sfo:ysf] gfddf 3fOt]x?nfO{ ;Ddfg ug]{ sfo{qmd 3f]if0ff ug{, :yfgLo ;/sf/dfkm{t d's]zsf] zflns lgdf{0f ug{ / lgdf{0ffwLg tyf ca lgdf{0f x'g] :jf:Yo ;+:yf d's]zsf] gfdaf6 gfdfs/0f ug{ dfu ug'{ePsf] 5 . d's]z sfo:y kmfp08]zgsf cWoIf lx/f zdf{ g]kfnn] @)^@÷^# b]vL clxn];Dd b]zdf w]/} kl/jt{g ePklg ;fdfGo dflg;n] cg'e'tL ug]{ kl/jt{g gePsf] cj:yfdf kl5Nnf] ;do e|i6frf/lj?4sf] sf/afxL ;'? eP;Fu} d's]zsf] d[To' x'g'nfO{ k|ltssf] ?kdf lng ;lsg] atfpg'eof] . b]zdf ca /fd|f] x'Fb}5 eGg] cfzfn] d's]zn] cfˆgf] hLjgsf] cGTo u/]sf] x'g;Sg] pxfFsf] egfO{ lyof] . d's]zsf] lgwgk|lt zf]s k|s6 ub}{ ag]kf gu/kflnsfn] ljlxaf/ zf]s ljbf lbPsf] lyof] .

of]ubfg e'Ng g;Sg] eGb} nf]stflGqs u0ftGqnfO{ yk alnof] agfpg'kg]{ atfP klg Jojxf/df To;f] x'g g;s]sf] eGb} a]nfa]nf k|Zgx? p7\g] u/]sf 5g\ . d's]zsf] pxfFsf] cGTo]li6df ;xefuLx? klg ;/sf/, /fhgLlts bn / g]t[Tjn] of] dd{nfO{ a'em\b} cfkm'nfO{ ;Rofpg ;s] dfq d's]z sfo:y / cGo zxLbk|lt ;Rrf >4f~hnL x'g]atfO{/x]sf lyP. zlxb 3f]if0ffsf] lg0f{o ;/sf/n] d's]z sfo:ynfO{ /fli6«o zlxb 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . ut d+unaf/ a;]sf] dlGqkl/ifb\sf] a}7sn] !& jif{b]lv lhpFbf] zlxbsf ¿kdf lrlgPsf sfo:ynfO{ zlxbsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] ;/sf/sL k|jQmf /]vf zdf{n] atfpg' eof] . sfo:y bf];|f] hgcfGbf]ngsf 3fOt] ePsf lyP . pgsf] ut a'waf/ #@ jif{sf] pd]/dflgwg ePsf]lyof] .@)^@

ag]kf÷1fgs'~h z}lIfs k|lti7fgn] ;+:yfsf cWoIf ;'/s[i0f j}BnfO{ g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf] %& cf}F jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef tyf lgjf{rgaf6 lhNnf gu/ tkm{sf] pkfWoIf kbdf lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf]df ;Ddfgu/]sf] 5. To;}u/L k|lti7fgsf ;~rfns tyf k|aGw lgb]{zs k|tfk j}BnfO{ g]kfn s/fFt] dxf;+3 afUdtL k|b]zsf] sf]iffWoIf kbdf ljhoL x'g' ePsf]df tyf k|lti7fgsf ;~rfns cfTdf/fd yfkfnfO{ g]kfn oftfoft Joj;foL /fli6«o dxf;+3sf] s]lGb|o ;lrj tyf lxdfn t/fO{ oftfoft

k|f=ln=sf] cWoIf kbdf ljhoL x'g'ePsf]df awfO{ 1fkg ub}{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] ;xfos SofDk; k|d'v gj/fh rf}nfufO{n] hfgsf/L lbg' eof] . sfo{qmddf ;Ddflgt JolQmTjx?nfO{ l6sf, vfbf, dfnf tyf ;Ddfg kq4f/f ;Ddflgt ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf ;efklt Pj+ ;xfos sn]h k|d'v gj/fh rf}nfufO{, ;xfos k|wfgfWofks /Tg/fh vltj8f nufPt k|lti7fgsf lzIfs–lzIfsf tyf sdf{rf/Lx?n] ;Ddfg Pj+ ;kmn sfo{sfnsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ug{' ePsf] lyof] .

o:t} d[tssf] bfx;+:sf/ ;Ddsf] ;Dk'0f{ vr{ ag]kf gu/kflnsfn] Joxf]g]{ hgfOPsf] 5 . d's]zsf] d[To'df b'Mv JoQm ub}{ lhNnfl:yt ;a} /fhgLlts bnn] zf]s aQmJo hfj{hlgs u/]sf 5g\ . d's]zsf a'jf s[i0fdfg / cfdf dL/fn] eg] b]znfO{ ;d[4 agfpFb} zxLbsf] ;kgf ;fsf/ kfg{ ;/sf/ / bnx?nfO{ cfu|x ug'{ePsf] 5 . g]tfx?n] zxLbsf]

r}t @& ut]sf] cfGbf]ngdf d's]zsf] s~r6df uf]nL nfu]sf] lyof] . Tolta]nf pgL !$ jif{sf dfq lyP . ;'/IffsdL{n] rnfPsf] uf]nL nfu]/ 3fOt] ePsf d's]z ;f]xL lbgb]lv p7\g ;s]sf lyPgg\ . ;/sf/n] d's]zsf] pkrf/ vr{, !% xhf/ dfl;s eQf, Ps ;';f/]sf nflu ^ xhf/ @ ;o eQf / Ps g;{ lgoldt pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] lyof].

w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf sfof{no

w'lnv]n, sfe|]af6

;f“w ;“lwof/sf gfddf hf/L ul/Psf ;"rgf ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).)@.)$

sfe|] lhNnf w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf j8f g # a:g] a:g] /rgf b]jL b]jh'sf] gfddf btf{ sfod /x]sf] sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf ;fljs w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf (-s_ xfn w'=g=kf=– ? sf] ls=g+= (^( sf] If]=km= )–#–@–) df 3/ gS;f kf; ug{ o; gu/kflnsfdf ldlt @)&(.)$.@% df gS;f ;lxt lgj]bg btf{ u/fO{ ldlt @)*).!.!@ df ;+lwof/sf] gfddf ;lGw ;k{g kg]{÷gkg]{ ;DalGw !% lbg] ;'rgf 6fF; / ldlt @)&(.!.@& df ;ft lbg] ;"rgf 6fF; ubf{ ;d]t klZrd tkm{sf ls=g+= !#@# sf] hUufwgL uLtf k|;fb b]jh' pQm ;'rgf 6fF;sf] a]nf pkl:yt g/x]sf] ;fy} xfn ;Dd ;Flwof/n] ;xL gu/]sf] b]lvPsf]n] of] @! lbg] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . o;df tkfO{nfO{ jf c? s;}nfO{ kL/ dsf{ ;lGw ;k{g kg]{ ePdf o; gu/kflnsf sfof{nodf @! lbg leq lnlvt ph'/L ;lxt ;Dks{ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf cGoyf lgodfg';f/ eOhfg] hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 .

efjk"0f >4f~hnL

hGd @)!@.(.!$ :juf{/f]x0f @)*).!.@&

:j= hutaxfb'/ dfgGw/ -Wjfvf;L_ o; gjk|eft o'jf Snasf ;b:o e'jg dfgGw/ -Wjfvf;L_ tyf /fh]z dfgGw/Wjfvf;L_ sf k"hgLo lktf hutaxfb'/ dfgGw/ -Wjfvf;L_sf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f} . sd{nfn dfgGw/ a'4z/0f dfgGw/ cfOtgf/fo0f dfgGw/

dfgGw/ d'lQm dfgGw/ uf]kfn dfgGw/ k|lj0f dfgGw/ hut dfgGw/

efjk"0f >4f~hnL

hGd !((*.$.!$ :juf{/f]x0f @)*).!.@* :j= dR5]gf/fo0f >]i7

o; ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=sf n]vf tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ;ldlt ;b:o /fds'df/ >]i7sf k"hgLo lktf dR5]gf/fo0f >]i7sf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f} .

dgf]h >]i7

cWoIf tyf

b'? art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf

ln= kl/jf/, ag]kf–!#, ;f“uf, sfe|]

cg]/f:jljo' sfe|]sf] #) cf}+ lhNnf clwj]zg – cWoIfdf ldng uf}td lgjf{lrt

oftfoft ;dGjo ;ldltsf] ;+of]hsdf /fh]z

w'lnv]n÷g]skf Pdfn]sf

kf]ln6\Jo'/f] ;b:o Pj+ k'j{dGqL uf]s'n

af:sf]6fn] ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] gofF o'usf]

;'ef/De ug{sf nflu lzIff h?/L /x]sf]

atfpg'ePsf] 5 . w'lnv]ndf cfof]lht

cg]/f:jljo' sfe|]sf] #) cf}+ lhNnf

of]ubfg ct'ngLo /x]sf] pxfFsf] egfO{ lyof]

. ev{/} ;DkGg :jtGq ljBfyL{ o'lgog

:jljo' lgjf{rgdf klxnf] :yfg k|fKt ub}{ cg]/f:jljo'n] cfkm'nfO{ cAan ;fljt

u/]sf] af:sf]6fn] atfpg' ePsf] 5 . afF;sf]6fn] a]yfgrf]s ufpFkflnsfaf6

cg]/f:jljo'sf] lhNnf clwj]zgdf cfpg

nfu]sf ljBfyL{nfO{ g]kfn ljBfyL{ ;+3n]

cj/f]w u/]sf] 36gfk|tL klg pxfFn] v]b hgfpg'ePsf] 5 . g]kfnL sf+u|];sf]

eft[;+u7g g]lj ;+3n] :jljo' lgjf{rgdf

xfg]{ 8/n] SofDk;df tfNrf nufpFb} lxF8]sf]

af:sf]6fsf] cf/f]k 5 . cfkm\g} cl:tTjsf]

n8fO{ nl8/x]sf] g]lj;+n] b]zsf] klxnf]

ljBfyL{ ;+u7gdfyL xftkft ug]{ lxDdt ug'{

b'Mvb ePsf] pxfFsf] r]tfjgL lyof] .

efjk"0f >4f~hnL

:juf{/f]x0f @)*).!.@& hGd

@)!@.(.!$ :j= hutaxfb'/ dfgGw/ -Wjfvf;L_

o; sf];fMbfkmf ehg vnMsf cu|h hut jxfb'/ -Wofvf;L_ dfgGw/sf]

c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgdf xflb{s ;dj]bgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

alb|k|;fb dfgGw/

cWoIf -gfof]_

sf];fM bfkmf ehg vnM kl/jf/

ag]kf g=kf=– *, sfe|]

k'j{dGqL ;d]t /xg'ePsf af:sf]6fn] g]skf Pdfn] ;/sf/df x'Fbf ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf] ef}lts k'jf{wf/ nufot z}lIfs u'0f:t/ clej[l4sf nflu pNn]Vo sfd ePsf] atfpg'eof] . b]z lgdf{0fsf] tfut cg]/f:jljo'df /x]sf] pxfFsf] bfaL 5 . To;}u/L g]skf Pdfn] sfe|]sf cWoIf czf]s Aof~h'n] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ?kfGt/0f, sfe|]sf] z}lIfs ljsf;, o'jfx?sf] pGgog, / o'jfx?nfO{ hfu[t agfpg cg]/f:jljo'n] dxTjk'0f{ e'ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . sltko z}lIfs ;+:yfn] ljBfyL{sf] /fhgLlts ;+nUgtfnfO{ sdhf]/ agfpg vf]h]sf] eGb} Aof~h'n] c;Gt'li6 hgfpg'ePsf] 5 . /fhgLlts ?kdf r]tglzn eP dfq} ;dfh / /fi6«sf] lhDd]jf/L jxg ug{ ;Sg] pxfFsf] wf/0ff 5 . /fhgLlts r]tgfaf6 al~rt u/fpg' ;d[l4sf] cfwf/nfO sdhf]/ agfpg' /x]sf] Aof~h'sf] ts{ lyof] . lzIffnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo agfpg] ljifo clxn]sf] k|fyldstf /x]sf] pxfFsf] egfO{ 5 . o:t} cg]/f:jljo' sfe|]sf cWoIf x]d/fh x'dfufFO{n] clwj]zgn] gofF g]t[Tj;Fu} ljBfyL{ xslxt / z}lIfs u'0f:t/sf] nflu sfo{of]hgf to

ug]{ atfpg'ePsf] 5 . sfe|]df cg]/f:jljo'sf] uf}/jk'0f{ Oltxf;nfO{ sdhf]/ x'g glbg] ;d]t pxfFn] k|ltj4tf hgfpg'eof] . cWoIf x'dfufFO{n] cg]/f:jljo' b]zs} 7'nf] / nf]slk|o ;+u7g ePsfn] ;a} ljBfyL{ cg]/f:jljo'df cfj4 x'g cfXjfg ug'{ePsf] 5 . lhNnf clwj]zgdf g]skf Pdfn] sfe|]sf pkfWoIf rGb| nfdf, ;lrj /fhg e't]{n, pk–;lrj /fhs'df/ ;fksf]6f, l/tf 9sfn, cg]/f:jljo" s]lGb|o ;lrafno ;b:o tyf sfe|] OGrfh{ h]lgz nfdf, hgjlu{o ;+u7gsf k|d'v, cg]/f:jljo' sfe|]sf k'j{cWoIf nufot ljBfyL{ g]tfx?sf] pkl:ytL/x]sf] lyof]. lhNnf clwj]zgs} cj;/ kf/]/ cg]/f:jljo' sfe|]sf k'j{ cWoIf tyf xfn} ;DkGg lgjf{rgdf lhNnfaf6 s]lGb|o ;b:odf lgjf{lrt x'g]x?nfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . lhNnf clwj]zgn] ldng s'df/ uf}tdsf] cWotfdf %! ;b:oLo gofF g]t[Tj rog u/]sf] 5 . o:t} pkfWoIfdf cfbz{ Gof}kfg], lbk]z ltdlN;gf, lbk]z s];L, ;lrjdf ljdnf ltdlN;gf, ;x–;lrjdf lehg yfkf, t]hs'df/ 7f8f du/ / cldt Gof}kfg] tyf sf]iffWoIfdf ;f}uft clwsf/Llgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf]5 .

kf“rvfndf slj uf]i7L

k|;fb clwsf/L÷kfFrvfn ;flxTo efjf / ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f ;Da4{g / hu]gf{] ug{] p2]Zon] ;flxTosf/x?sf] ;d"xn] kfFrvfndf sljuf]li7 ;DkGgu/]sf] 5. kfFrvfn gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ # sf j8f cWoIf ;'Gb/ clwsf/Lsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf # bh{g ;flxTosf/x?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;flxTosf/x? ;/:jtL lrdf}l/of, a}s'07 k|;fb Gof}kfg], ho/fd clwsf/L, cgGt uf}td, g/]Gb| s'df/ gu/sf]6L, a]ud yfkf nufotn] cfˆgf pTs[i6 /rgf k|:t't ug{' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf kfFrvfn gu/kflnsf k'j{ pk k|d'v nIdL bg'jf/, hLjgbz{g ax'd'vL SofDk;sf k|d'v 8f= /fdd0fL ;fksf]6f, ;j{d+unf ax'd'vL SofDk;sf lgj{tdfg SofDk; k|d'vho/fd clwsf/L,

>4f~hnL

ag]kf÷g]kfn oftfoft Joj;foL /fli6«o dxf;+3af6 ul7t sfe|] lhNnf oftfoft ;dGjo ;ldltsf] ;+of]hsdf l;Gw' x]nDa' oftfoft ;]jf k|f=ln= sf cWoIf /fh]z s'df/ >]i7 rog x'g' ePsf] 5 . sfe|] lhNnfsf oftfoft Joj;foLx?sf] e]nfaf6 u7g ePsf] sfo{ ;ldltsf] ;lrj /fh]z ;'Gb/ ;}+h' -sfe|] k"0ojtL

oftfoft k|f=ln sf_ cWoIf sf]iffWoIf a0f{ zfSo sfe|] a; k|f=ln=sf cWoIf ;b:ox?df ljn axfb'/ >]i7 -/d]z_, slj/ s'df/ /l~ht, lq/Tg /l~ht, s]zj kf}8]n, ps]z tf}hn] /xg'ePsf] 5 . ;ldltsf] k|d'v ;Nnfxsf/df cfTdf/fd yfkf, u0f]z lxdfn t/fO{ oftfoft k|f=ln /xg' ePsf] 5 . e]nfdf

efjk"0f >4f~hnL

o; ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=sf z]o/ ;b:o :j= l;tf u]nfnsf] c;fdflos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

kfFrvfn h]l;hsf cWoIf /fhf/fd kf}8\ofn gjk|ltef dfljsf lk|lG;kn ;/f]h Gof}kfg] nufotsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmd kZrft kfFrvfndf gofF ;flxTos ;+:yf vf]Ng] sfo{qmdsf ;+of]hs ;flxTosf/ g/]Gb|s'df/ gu/sf]6Ln] hfgsf/Llbg'eof] .

clgRrfjt ;+v/f pKkb\bjo\ wlDdgf] Û pklHhTjf lg?HemlGt t];+pk:;df] ;'vf] ÛÛ

>4f

;'dg

hGd @)$*.%.( :juf{/f]x0f @)*) j}zfv

lb= d's]z sfo:y

o; jf+Vo 1fgdfnf ehg vnMsf cfhLjg ;b:o s[i0fdfg tyf ld/f sfo:ysf] ;'k'q Pj+ cfhLjg ;b:o s[iff sfo:ysf] efO{ tyf cfhLjg ;b:o d's]z sfo:ysf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf] o; b'Mvb\ 38Ldf ;Dk"0f{ kl/jf/nfO{ clgTo b'Mv / cgfTd zf]efj wd{nfO{ ;DemL a'emL w}o{wf/0f ug{ ;s"g\ elg k|fy{gf ub{} lbj+ut x'g'ePsfnfO{ ;'ult k|flKtsf nflu sfdgf ub{} k'0ofg'df]bg ub{5f}+ .

jf+VoM 1fgdfnf ehg vnM

ag]kf–*, sfe

efjk"0f >4f~hnL

:j= d's]z sfo:y bf]>f] hgcfGbf]ng @)^@.)^# df uf]nL nflu 3fOt] x'g'ePsf sfe|]sf ;k"t lhpFbf] zlxb :j= d's]z sfo:ysf] cNkfo"d} c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df cToGt ddf{lxt ePsf 5f}+ . o; b'Mvb\ 38Ldf d[tsk|lt pRr ;Ddfg JoQm ub{} d[t cfTdfsf] rL/ zflGtsf] sfdgf ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt w}o{wf/0f ug{] zlQm k|fKt xf];\ elg dfO{ r08]Zj/L ;Fu k|fy{gf ub{} xflb{s ;dj]bgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

>L r08]Zj/L dlGb/ k'gM lgdf{0f tyf 5fgf ;'wf/ ;ldlt

>L dfO{ r08]Zj/L h]i7 gful/s cf>d

>L dfO{ r08]Zj/L ;GWofsfnLg

cf/tL ehg vnM ag]kf–%, sfe|]

hGd @))%.!).% :juf{/f]x0f @)*).!.#!

:j= rGb|k|;fb -yn_ l3ld/]

kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f g+= # sf j8f ;b:o u0f]z l3ld/]sf] k"hgLo lktf rGb|k|;fb -yn_ l3ld/sf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f} .

lji0f'k|;fb ;fksf]6f

j8f cWoIf tyf

kgf}tL g=kf= # g+= j8f sfof{no kl/jf/ s'zfb]jL, sfe|]

;]tLb]jL

;'lk|d 8]06nsf] gof“ zfvf kgf}tL a;kfs{df

ag]kfaf6 bGt ;]jf pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf]

;'lk|d 8]06n s]o/n] kgf}tLdf zfvf

lj:tf/ u/]sf] 5 . kgf}tL zfvfsf] pb\3f6g

sfe|] pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf cWoIf /fh]Gb|

k;5]+n] ug'{ePsf] xf] . ;'lk|d 8]06nsf] zfvf

pb\3f6g ub}{ pxfFn] Joj;fodf o'jfx?sf]

rf;f]n] /f]huf/L l;h{gfdf d2t k'Ug]

atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] cfd gful/ssf]

:jf:Yodf Vofn ub}{ u'0f:t/Lo bGt ;]jf

pknAw u/fpg cfu|x klg ug'{ePsf] 5 .

;'lk|d 8]06nsf Joj:yfks led a~hf/fn]

;]jfu|fxLn] u/]sf] ljZjf;n] g} zfvf

lj:tf/sf] xf};nf ldn]sf] atfpg'ePsf] 5 .

kgf}tL zfvf dfkm{t kgf}tL If]q / a]yfgrf]s

ufpFkflnsf nufot u|fld0f If]qsf

gful/snfO{ ;]jf k|fKt ug{ ;xh x'g] pxfFsf]

egfO{ 5 . lhNnfsf cGo If]qdf zfvf

lj:tf/;Fu} ;'lk|d 8]06n s]o/nfO{

c:ktfnsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ nIo /x]sf]

a~hf/fn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . ;'lk|d 8]06n s]o/sf] kgf}tL zfvf pb\3f6gsf] cj;/df lgMz'Ns bGt lzlj/ cfof]hgf ul/Psf] 5 . lxhf] a'waf/ / cfh lSnlgs kl/;/ kgf}tL a;kfs{df lzlj/sf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] ;'lk|d 8]06n s]o/sf ;fu/ x'dfufFO{n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . lzlj/df bfFt ;kmf ug]{, bfFt lgsfNg], bfFt tyf d'v ;DaGwL k/fdz{, bfFtdf l;d]G6 eg]{, xfNg lemSg ldNg] bfFt lgMz'Ns ;]jf !) hgfnfO{, lgMz'Ns d~hg tyf a|; ljt/0f / lgMz'Ns cf}ifwL ljt/0f ;]jf pknAw u/fOg]5 . lzlj/sf] lbgdf gfd n]vfpFbf h]7 d;fGt;Dd !) b]vL !% k|ltzt;Dd 5'6sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

>L b]jL6f/ cfwf/e"t ljBfno

ag]kf g=kf=, tLg3/]

lzIfs cfjZostf

ldltM @)*)÷)@÷)@

ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf] ldlt @)*).!.@^ ut]sf] r=g+= ##&$ sf] ;xdlt kq tyf lzIff ljsf; tyf ;dGjo OsfO{ w'lnv]nsf] ldlt @)*).!.#! sf] r=g+= !%^! sf] kq / o; ljBfnosf] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ldlt @)*).@.@ sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ lzIff lgodfjnL @)%( -;+zf]wg ;lxt_ tyf lzIfs ;]jf cfof]u lgodfjnL @)%&;+zf]wg ;lxt_ o; ljBfnodf l/Qm /x]sf] tkl;n adf]lhdsf] b/aGbLdf s/f/ lzIfs lgo'lQm ug{'kg{] ePsf]n] of]Uotf k'u]sf g]kfnL gful/sx?af6 b/vf:t cfJxfg ul/G5 .

!= lj1fkg g+= )!.@)&(.*) -lj1fg_ lg=df=lj= -s/f/_–!

@= lj1fkg g+= )@.@)&(.*) -ul0ft_ lg=df=lj= -s/f/_–!

• Go'gtd of]Uotf M ul0ft / lj1fg d"n ljifo lnO{ k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq tx -!)±@_ pQL0f{

. dflyNnf] z}lIfs of]UotfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg] 5 .

tna eQf M g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s] adf]lhd

• cfjZos sfuhftkq M

s= g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk–! k|lt

v= cWofkg cg'dlt kqsf] k|ltlnlk–! k|lt

u= z}lIfs of]Uotfsf k|df0fkqx?sf] k|ltlnlk– !÷! k|lt

3= lg/f]lutfsf] k|df0fkq–! k|lt

• b/vf:t lbg] ldlt M @)*).@.( ;Dd s/f/ ;'lrsf pDd]bjf/x?nfO{ @)*).@.!& ;Dd v'Nnf pDd]bjf/x?nfO{

• ;Dks{ ldltM @)*)÷)@÷!& ut]

• k/LIffsf] lsl;d M lnlvt / cGt/jftf{

\• k/LIffsf] ldlt M ;Dks{ ldltdf tf]lsg]

• b/vf:t b:t'/ ?= !))).–-cIf]?kL ?= Psxhf/ dfq_

• ;Dks{ kmf]g M (*%!@!!*^(, (*^($(^!#)

x/]s ljxLjf/ r]i6fsf] af/

kgf}tLdf dflj :t/Lo km'6an k|ltof]lutf x'g]

kgf}tL÷kgf}tL gu/kflnsf–&

l:yt kgf}tL If]lqo /+uzfnfdf dfWolds

ljBfno :t/Lo 5fq÷5fqf km'6an

k|ltof]lutf x'g] ePsf] 5 . dfg]Zj/L AjfOh

Snasf] cfof]hgf tyf kgf}tL

gu/kflnsfsf] ;xof]udf h]7 !) ut]b]vL !*

ut];Dd k|ltof]lutf ;~rfng x'g]5 . k|ltof]lutfdf P;O{O{ lbP/

a;]sf ljBfyL{x? ;d]t ;xefuL x'g

kfpg]5g\ . Pp6f ljBfnoaf6 5fq / 5fqf u/L

b'O{ l6d k|ltof]lutfdf ;xefuL x'g ;Sg]5g\ . ;xefuL x'g rfxg] ljBfnon] h]7 % ut];Dd

gfd btf{ u/fpg'kg]{ dfg]Zj/L JjfOh Snjsf cWoIf nIdLgf/fo0f lvDaGhf/n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . k|ltof]lutfdf klxnf] x'g] ljBfnon] gub !) xhf/ ;lxt lzN8, d]8n / k|df0fkq k|fKt ug]{5 eg] bf];|f] x'g]n] gub %

xhf/ ?k}ofF ;lxt lzN8, d]8n / k|df0fkq k|fKt ug]{5 . ;':tfpFb} uPsf] v]ns'b ultljlwnfO{ psf:g ljBfno txb]vL g} sfo{qmd ;'? ug{ nfluPsf] cWoIf nIdLgf/fo0fn] atfpg'eof] . cfufdL tLg jif{ nuftf/ k|ltof]lutf cfof]hgf ul/g] klg pxfFn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . dfg]Zj/L AjfOh Snjn] v]ns'b ;Fu;Fu} ;+:s[lt ;+/If0f cGtu{t ljljw sfo{qmd ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 .

xflb{s s[t1tf

k|Nxfb bfxfn k|wfgfWofks

>L dxfsfnL dfWolds ljBfno

d08gb]pk'/ g=kf=–$, sfe|]

lzIfs cfjZostf

o; k|ltli7t dfWolds ljBfnodf l/Qm /x]sf] tklznsf lzIfs kbx?df s/f/ ?kn] kbk"lt{ ug{'kg]{ ePsf]n] tn pNn]lvt of]Uotf k'u]sf g]kfnL gful/snfO{ cfhsf ldltaf6 & lbg leq b/vf:t lbg' x'g of] lzIfs cfjZostfsf] lj1fkg k|sfzg ul/Psf] 5 . -lzIfs ;]jf cfof]usf] s/f/;"lrsf pd]bjf/sf] cfj]bg kg{cfPdf c?

v'Nnfsf] cfj]bg lkmtf{ ul/g]5 ._

kb !M lzIfs

• txM dfWolds • ljifoM c+u|]hL

• b/alGbsf] k|sf/ M gu/ b/alGb

• z}lIfs of]Uotf M B.Ed in English jf ;f] ;/x ( sIff !!, !@ ;Dd c+u|]hL cWofkg ug'{kg]{ ljBfnosf] cfjZostf x'gfn] M.Ed. in Enlgsh nfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf lbOg]._

kb @M lzIfs

• txM k|fylds • b/alGbsf] k|sf/ M /fxt

• z}lIfs of]Uotf M + 2 jf ;f] ;/x ( ;a} c+u|]hL dfWodsf sIff cWofkg ug'{kg]{ ePsf]n]

c+u|hL ljifosf] lzIfsnfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf lbOg]._

• cfjZos sfuhft M - b'a} kbsf nflu_

s= z}lIfs of]Uotfsf k|df0f kqsf k|ltlnlk .

v=cWofkg cg'dlt kqsf] k|ltlnlk .

u= gful/stfsf] k|ltlnlk .

3= kmf]6f] ! k|lt

• k/LIffsf] lsl;d M lnlvt / cGt/jftf{

• b/vf:t lbg] clGtd ldltM @)*)÷)@÷)*

• b/vf:t b:t'/ M kb ! sf nflu ? !,%)).— / kb @ sf nflu ? !,))). —

• k/LIffsf] nflu ;Dks{ ldltM @)*)÷)@÷)(

• ;Dks{ kmf]g M (*$!^)&@@*

ldltM @)*)÷)@÷)@ -lzjs'df/ kf}8]n_ k|frfo{

ug{'x'g] ;Dk'0f{ cfkmGthg, O{i6ldq, ;flyefO tyf z'e]R5'sk|lt xflb{s s[t1tf k|s6 ub{5f} . :juf{/f]x0f @)*).!.@$ hGd @)!#.(.!$ :j= /f]zg >]i7

bfh'÷efph'

8f=e'if0f >]i7÷sljtf >]i7

efO{÷a'xf/L

8f= /ljg >]i7÷k'0oZj/L pns >]i7

;dj]bgf AoQm

wd{kTgLM ;/nf >]i7

lblb÷legfh' sNof0f l/dfn÷lah' l/dfn

5f]/f ÷a'xf/L zfg >]i7÷z'jfgL >]i7

5f]/L ÷HjfO{

8f=>[li6 >]i7 dxh{g÷cflzif dxh{g

elth÷a'xf/L

8f=;Tod\ >]i7÷h]g >]i7 ;do >]i7 z'ed >]i7

tyf ;Dk'0f{ >]i7 kl/jf/

ag]kf gu/kflnsf–& sfe|]

>4f~hnL

efjk"0f >4f~hnL

:juf{/f]x0f

:j=

cfb/0fLo sfsf rGb|k|;fb -yn_ l3ld/sf] c;fdlos lgwg

ePsf]df

pkfWoIf

o; ;+:yfsf z]o/ ;b:o w'lnv]n—$, av'08f]n lgjf;L wgaxfb'/ af]xf]/f sf] cNkfo"d} c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ zf]s ;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

efjk"0f >4f~hnL

:juf{/f]x0f @)*).!.@! hGd @)!(.&.^ :j nIdLb]jL knf~rf]s

o; ;d"xsf ;b:o P+j xfd|f cflTdo ldq s[i0frGb| knf~rf]s]sf] wd{kTgL nIdLb]jL knf~rf]ssf] cNkfo'd} c;fdflos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ zf]s ;GtKt kl/jf/hgdf xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}F .

df“ r08]Zj/L kmf]·f lx6L

b}lgs :gfg ;d"x, kl/jf/, ag]kf

ljh'nLsf] tf/ ;6{ eO{ cfunfuL

sd{rf/L cfjZostf Û sd{rf/L cfjZostf ÛÛ

ag]kf–$, gfnf l:yt /x]sf] åf/kfn]Zj/ ;fgfls;fg s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=;xsf/Lsf] nflu b]xfoadf]lhd sd{rf/L cfjZos ePsf] x'Fbf ;Ifd, Odfgbf/, bIf, nuglzn tyf cg'ejL OR5's dfxg'efjx?n] of] ;'rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldtLn] &;ft_ lbgleq ;+:yfsf] sfo{nodf b/vf:t lbg'x'g cfXjfg ul/G5 .

ag]kf÷ag]kf % :ylt n]vgfy bfxfnsf] 9'ªfdf6f]sf] 3/df ut d+unaf/

ljxg ;fF9] $ ah] ljh'nLsf] tf/ ;6{ eO{

cfunfuL ePsf] 5 . pQm 3/df ndf] ;do b]vL

ef8fdf a:b} cfPsf rf}/lb]p/fnL

ufpFkfnlsf ( uf]7kfgLsf ^$ jif{sf

eLdaxfb'/ tfdfªsf] kl/jf/ a:b} cfPsf]

lyof] . cfunfuLaf6 ledaxfb'/ tfdfª / pgsf ( jifL{o gftL lzlz/ tfdfª 3fOt] ePsf] O{nfsf k|x/L sfo{nosf l8P:kL /]zd af]xf]/fn] hfgsf/L lbg' ePsf] 5 .

cfunfuLaf6 3fO{t] tfdfªsf] nQf sk8f, vfBfGg, df]afO{n, ;'gsf u/ uxgf, gub ;lxt sl/a ( nfv %^ xhf/ a/fa/ gi6 ePsf] af]xf]/fn] hfgsf/L lbg' eof] . cfunfuLaf6 3/df /x]sf ;a} ;fdu|L hn]sfn] eLdaxfb'/ tfdfªsf] k/ljf/ larNnLdf k/]sf] 5 . eLdaxfb'/ / pgsf gftLsf] zL/ d]df]/lon c:ktfndf pkrf/ eO/x]sf] 5 . kLl8t kl/jf/n] ;DalGwt lgsfo / ;xof]uL dgx¿af6 ;Sbf] ;xof]usf] ck]Iff u/]sf] 5 .

lgi6 sn]h ag]kf

gofFj:tL, sfe

cfjZos sfuhkq M :yflgo tyf ljaflxtnfO{ ljif]z k|fyldstf !* aif{ pd]/ k'lu $) aif{ ggfu]sf]÷gful/tfsf] k|ltlnlk–! k|lt÷kf;kf]6 ;fOhsf] kmf]6f]– # k|lt JolQmutljj/0f -afof]8f6f_÷z}lIfs k|df0f k|qsf] k|ltlnlk x:tlnlvtlgj]bg ;lxt ;DalGwt sfddf cg'ejePsf] k|df0f kqsf] k|ltlnlk / cfj]bg z'Ns ?=!))). -Ps xhf/ ?k}of dfq_

åf/kfn]Zj/ ;fgfls;fg s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]kf–$, gfnf, )!!–$!!!*&, (*%!)$^))&

>L pdf ;x lzIffno dfWolds ljBfno d08gb]pk'/ g=kf=–!), d08g, sfe|]

lzIfs cfjZostf

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kmf]g g+= )!!–^^)&(@÷^^@#%%

w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf sfof{no

w'lnv]n, sfe|]af6

;f“w ;“lwof/sf gfddf hf/L ul/Psf ;"rgf ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).)@.)$

sfe|]lhNnf w'lnv]n j8f g+= $ a:g] nf]s dfof e08f/Lsf] gfddf btf{ sfod /x]sf] sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf ;fljs >Lv08k'/ ^ sf] ls=g+= #)*(,#)(!,#)*% sf] If]=km= )–#–)–) 3/ gS;fkf; ug{ o; gu/kflnsfdf ldlt @)&(÷!!÷@( df gS;f ;lxt lgj]bg btf{ u/fO{ ldlt @)*)÷)!÷!@ df

;+lwof/sf] gfddf ;lGw ;k{g kg]{÷gkg]{ ;DalGw !% lbg] ;'rgf 6fFf; / ldlt

@)*)÷)!÷@* df ;ft lbg] ;"rgf 6fF; ubf{ ;d]t klZrd tkm{sf] hUufwgL /f]zg

s'df/ tfdfÍ / blIf0f tkm{sf] hUufwgL ;fg' dfof nfdf yfkf du/n] pQm ;'rgf 6fF;sf] j]nf pkl:yt g/x]sf] ;fy} xfn ;Dd ;Flwof/n] ;xL gu/]sf] b]lvPsf]n] of] @! lbg] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . o;df tkfO{nfO{ jf c? s;}nfO{ kL/ dsf{ ;lGw ;k{g kg]{ ePdf o; gu/kflnsf sfof{nodf @! lbg leq lnlvt ph'/L ;lxt ;Dks{ ug{ cfpg' xf]nf cGoyf lgodfg';f/ eOhfg] hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 .

t]hu+uf ax'd'vL SoFDk; kgf}tL, sfe|]knf~rf]s

egf v'Nof ! egf v'Nof

efjk"0f >4f~hnL

o; ljBfnodf l/Qm /x]sf] ul0ft ljifosf] /fxt -cg'bfg_ sf]6fdf lzIfs kbk"lt{ ug{sf nflu d08gb]pk'/ g=kf=sf] ldlt @)*).@.@ df k|fKt cg'dlt cg';f/ ldlt @)*).@.# b]lv @)*).@.( ut];Dd & lbgsf nflu lj1fkg ul/Psf] Joxf]/f ;DalGwt ;a}df of] ;"rgf ;"lrt ul/G5 . k'gZr M s/f/ ;"lraf6 lgj]bg kg{ cfPdf cGo lgj]bsx? lkmtf{ x'g]5 . cfjZos of]Uotfx?M

• @! jif{ k"/f eO{ $) jif{ ggf3]sf]

• ul0ft ljifodf :gfts tx pQL0f{ u/]sf]

• b/vf:t lbg] ldlt M

@)*).@.# b]lv @)*).@.( ;Dd -sfof{no ;do leq_

• kb ;+Vof M !

• k/LIffsf] lsl;d M lnlvt, cGt/jftf{ tyf k|of]ufTds

• g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|ltlnlk, z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|ltlnlk, lzIf0f cg'dlt kqsf]

k|ltlnlk

• b/vf:t b:t'/ M ? !,))). —

k'gZr M pRrtd\ of]Uotf ePsf] / cg'ejLnfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg] 5 .

• ;Dks{ kmf]g M (*$!#*$@%(, (*$!&!^^*#

ldltM @)*)÷)@÷)@ k|wfgfWofks

efjk"0f >4f~hnL

g]kfn n]vfk9L sfg"g Joj;foL Pzf]l;P;g sfe|]sf sfo{ ;ldlt ;b:o gj/fh xf]dfufO{sf k"hgLo lktf lji0f'k|;fb xf]dfufOsf]

c;fdflos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ zf]s ;GtKt kl/jf/hgdf xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}F .

egf{ v'Nof]

;fy} :gfts tx (BBS, B.Ed / BA) k|yd jif{df klg ljz]if ;'ljwf ;lxt egf{ v'ln/x]sf] 5 . SofDk; k|d'v

UGC af6 QAA k|df0fkq k|fKt ug{ ;kmn t]hu+uf ax'd'vL SofDk;df :gftsf]Q/ tx (MBS / M.Ed.) k|yd ;]d]i6/df kmf]g g+= )!!–$$))@*, $$!$&&

Email: tmcpanauti@gmail.com

o; ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=sf ;+rfns ;ldlt ;b:o /fh]Gb| clwsf/Lsf] ddtfdoL dftf k\bds'df/L clwsf/Lsf] c;fdflos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{

hg pTyfg t/sf/L pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kl/jf/ w'lnv]n–@, /lj, sfe|]

:juf{/f]x0f @)*).!.@& hGd !(($.@.@( :j lji0f'k|;fb xf]dfufO /f]zgs'df/ >]i7 cWoIf Pj+

g]kfn n]vfk9L sfg"g

Joj;foL Pzf]l;P;g kl/jf/, w'lnv]n, sfe|]

^

sd{rf/L cfjZostf

o; ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= sf nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] sd{rf/L

cfjZostf ePsf] x'gfn] of]Uotf k'u]sf O{R5's JolQmx?af6 k|yd k6s

;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] !% lbg leq cfjZos sfuhft ;lxt

;+:yfdf ;Dks{ ug{x'g cg'/f]w ul/G5 .

!_ kb M ahf/ k|ltlglw ;+Vof M ! -dlxnf_

• z}lIfs of]Uotf M +2 plQ0f{ jf ;f] ;/x

• pd]/ M !* jif{ k'u]sf] / #% jif{ ggf3]sf]

• tna M ;+:yfsf] lgodfg';f/

cg'ejLnfO{ ljz]if u|fXotf lbOg] 5 .

yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu kmf]g g+= )!!–$$)^%%

s[i0f k|;fb c:ktfn

rf/bf]af6f], ag]kf

;:tf / e/kbf pkrf/sf nflu

xfd|f ;]jfx? M

C0f ltg{ cfpg] af/]

gj jif{ @)*) ;fnsf] kfjg cj;/df ;Dk"0f{ cleefjsju{, u|fxsju{, lzIfs, ljBfyL{, efO{alxgLx?df xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ kf7\ok':ts vl/b ug{' k/]df xfdLnfO{ ;Demg'xf];\

oxfF gofF z}lIfs ju{sf] ;Dk"0f{ af]l8{Ë ;fd'bflos :s"nsf sIff g;{/L b]lv sIff !) ;Ddsf kf7\ok':tsx?sf] nflu xfdLnfO{ ;Demg'xf];\ .

Go"

k|ult k':ts e08f/

ag]kf–&, se|], ;Dks{ M )!!–^^!%() c/lgsf] /fhdfu{ -r08]Zj/L d]l8sn $ 3/ k"j{_

lkmlhl;og, :qL/f]u, xf8hf]gL{, gfs, sfg, 3f“6L, dfgl;s nufot ljleGg /f]usf] pkrf/ ;Dks{ M )!!–^^$##@, (*$((@^#(#, (*$#$%@@!@

#% lbg] cToGt h?/L ;"rgf

v'Ng] ;do M ljxfg & b]lv a]n'sf & ah];Dd

;'/Iff uf8 cfjZostf

t]hu+uf ax'd'vL SofDk; kgf}tLsf] nflu ;'/Iffuf8{ cfjZostf ePsf]n] lgDg of]Uotf k'u]sf] g]kfnL gful/sn] b/vf:t lbg'x'g cg'/f]w ul/G5 .

;+Vof M ! -hgf_ z}lIfs of]Uotf M ;fdfGo n]vk9 ug{ hfGg] gf]6 M kl/jf/;lxt a:g] k|aGw ePsf] cg'ejLnfO{ ljz]if u|fXotf lbOg] 5 .

yk hfgsf/Lsf] nflu

t]hu+uf ax'd'vL SofDk; kgf}tL, sfe|] ;Dks{ g+= )!!–$$))@*, $$!$&&, (*$!$#!))!

;kmn art tyf C0f ;xsf/L

;+:yf ln=ag]kf, sfe|] kmf]g g+= )!!^^)&(*

sd{rf/L cfjZostf

o; ;+:yfsf nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] sd{rf/L cfjZostf x'b“f of]Uotf k'u]sf g]kfnL gful/sx?af6 cfjZos sfuhft ;lxt ;"rgf k|sflzt ldltn] & lbgleq b/vf:t cfxjfg ul/G5 .

kb– ahf/ k|ltlglw ;+Vof M s]lx of]Uotf–P;O{O{ pQL0f{ tna M ;+:yfsf] lgodfg';f/ cfjZos sfuhft

– x:t lnlvt lgj]bg – g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|ltlnlk

– Zf}lIfs k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk cg'ejLnfO{ laz]if k|fyldtf lbOg] 5 _

C0fLsf] gfdM ;gd ltdlN;gf

a'afsf] gfdM k|zfGt s];L ltdlN;gf

afh]sf] gfdM t]haxfb'/ ltdlN;gf

7]ufgfM ldNr]–@, sfe|] ;b:o g+= ^%* gf=k|=k= g+= #)–)!–&@–))%@$

C0fLsf] gfdM ledaxfb'/ l;+hfnL du/ a'afsf] gfdM lj/axfb'/ l;+hfnL du/ afh]sf] gfdM wg/fh l;+hfnL du/

7]ufgfM 3tL{5fk–$, sfe|] ;b:o g+= ^^& gf=k|=k= g+= !$$))$

C0fLsf] gfdM gf/fo0f >]i7

a'afsf] gfdM 6]saxfb'/ >]i7 afh]sf] gfdM nIdLaxfb'/ >]i7

7]ufgfM ;:o"vs{–*, sfe|] ;b:o g+= #( gf=k|=k= g+= !@%!*

C0fLsf] gfdM gj/fh ljZjsdf

a'afsf] gfdM vr/s'df/ ljZjsdf{ afh]sf] gfdM s[i0f ljZjsdf{

7]ufgfM kfFrvfn–!, sfe|] ;b:o g+= !)@ gf=k|=k= g+= &#^^^

C0fLsf] gfdM 3gZofd uf]tfd

a'afsf] gfdM s[i0fk|;fb uf]tfd]

afh]sf] gfdM aneb| uf]tfd]

zflGtb]jL k|yd k6s ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).@.$

hdfgLstf{sf] gfd

tkfO{n] o; ;+:yfaf6 C0f lnO{ :f+:yfn] ljleGg dfWodaf6 tfs]tf / hfgsf/L u/fpFbf u/fpFb} klg c6]/ ul/ cfkm'n] ltg'{ a'emfpg' kg]{ C0fsf] ;fFjf tyf Aofh e'QmfgL ug{ ;+:yfsf] ;Dks{df gcfpg'ePsf]n] of] ;"rgf k|sfzg ePsf] ldltn] #% lbg leq cfkm'n] ltg'{ a'emfpg]kg]{ ;Dk'0f{ /sd ltg'{ a'emfpg'x'g of] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf hf/L ul/Psf] 5 . o; ;"rgfsf] j]jf:tf ul/ ;+:yfn] kfpg'kg]{ /sd k|fKt gePdf ;xsf/L P]g @)&$ sf] bkmf &( sf] pkbkmf !, #, bkmf *) sf] pkbkmf ! tyf bkmf *#, *$ cg';f/ C0f c;'npk/ tyf sf/jfxL k|s[of cjnDag u/L ;+:yfsf] afls aSof}tf c;'n pk/ ul/g] Joxf]/f ;d]t cjut u/fOG5 . C0fLsf] gfd÷y/ C0fLsf] kmf]6f]

/]0f' >]i7

d~h' ljZjsdf{

k'gZrM cfb/0fLo ;Dk'0f{ C0fL ;b:oHo"x? olb tFkfOx?sf] klg C0fsf] efvf gf3]sf] 5 jf gf3\g] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] 5 eg] t'?Gt ;+:yfdf ;Dks{ /fvL cfkm\gf] C0fsf] x/lx;fa ug{ x'g lagd| cg'/f]w ub{5f}F . cGoyf o;} ul/ sfjf{xL k|s[ofdf hfg] Joxf]/f ;DalGwt ;a}sf] nflu hfgsf/L u/fOG5 / o; k|s[of dfkm{t tkfO{sf] cfyL{s tyf ;fdflhs lhjgdf kg{ hfg] gs/fTds c;/sf] lhDd]jf/ tkfO{ :jod\ x'g'x'g]5 . C0f lngsf] nflu hdfgL÷;fIfL a:g] dxfg'efjx?n] klg ;dodfg} cfkm'n] hdfgt lbOPsf] C0f e'Qmfg eP gePsf] af/]df ;r]t x'g'xf]nf cGoyf tkfO{sf] ;d]t kmf]6f] ;lxtsf] ltgk'':t]] ljj/0f k|sflzt eO C0f c;'npk/sf] nflu sfg'gL bfo/fdf tflgg' x'g]5 . – ;+rfns ;ldlt

lznaGbL 6]08/ a9fa9 u/L u}x| a}ls· ;DklQ

-hUuf_ laqmL ug]{ ;DalGw ;"rgf

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