Year 29 issue 28

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afn ljjfx======================= cleefjs, afnaflnsf cfkm} / cfkmGt ;r]t gx'Fbf;Dd ljBfno / ;d'bfo PSn}n] afnljjfx /f]Sg g;lsg] k|wfgfWofks kbd ltdlN;gfn] atfpg' eof] . sIff ^ b]lv uf]s'n] dfjLdf cWoog ul//x]sL sIff !@ df cWoog/t 5fqf zld{nf df]Qmfgn] cfkm';Fu}sf ;fyLx? ljjfx u/]/ uPsf] atfpg' eof] . …ef}uf]lns cj:yfsf sf/0f sIff ^ b]lv 8]/f lnP/ al;/x]sf] 5' . uf]s'n] dfWolds ljBfnodf cWoog ug{] u/L 8]/f lnP/ a;]sf] ^ jif{ eof] . sIff !@ kl9/xFbf d ;Fu} cWoog ug{] tLg hgf ;fyLx? t sIff !) ;Dd klg gk9L ljjfx u/]/ uO{;s]sf 5g\ . s]lxn] cfly{s cefjsf sf/0f aLrd} cWoog 5f8]sf 5g\Ú– ljBfyL{ zld{nf df]Qmfgn] eGg'eof] . ljs6 kflnsfdf ljBfyL{x? aLrd} cWoog 5f8\g] / afnljjfx ug{] ;d:of alnof] aGb} uPsf] tYox?n] b]vfPsf] hgk|ltlglwx?n] atfPsf 5g\ . sfe|]sf] w'lnv]n / kgf}tL afnd}qL gu/ 3f]if0ff eO{;s]sf 5g\ eg] s]lx k|s[ofdf 5g\ .

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sfo{sf/L============== ltdlN;gfn] …/]l8of] 6]Sgf]nf]hL km/ 8]enlkË slG6«hÚ ;DjGwL k|:t':tLs/0f ;d]t ug{' x'g]5 . ltdlN;gf;Fu} slknj:t'sf dlgifs'df/ u'Ktf ;xeflu x'g]5g\ . @# b]zsf @% o'jf kqsf/ ;xeflu x'g] sfo{qmddf g]kfnsf tkm{af6 ltdlN;gf / u'Ktf ;xeflu x'g'x'g]5 . o; cl3 ltdlN;gfn] ( lbg rLgdf ePsf] o'jf kqsfx?sf] ;Dd]ngdf efu lnO{ ;Sg' ePsf] 5 eg] & lbg kfls:tfgdf ePsf] lgjf{rgsf] ko{a]If0f ul/;Sg' ePsf] 5 .

xltof/o'Qm ;z:q ;+3if{ eGbf s'ljrf/af6 nl8g] o'4 jf ;+3if{d"n's / hgtfsf] nflu vt/gfs Pj+ 3fts ;fljt x'G5 . g]kfnL /fhgLltdf kf6L{x?n] ub}{ cfPsf a]dfgL a]ljrf/ / un k|j[lQk|lt k|foM ;a} g]tf / sfo{stf{x? hfgsf/ x'Fbf x'Fb} klg g]t[Tjn] h] h:tf] u/]klg ;f]x|} cfgf ;xL xf] eGg' kg]{ sfo{stf{sf] afWotfn] g]kfnL /fhgLlt 8lDkË ;fO8sf] kmf]x/df kl/0ft x'g k'u]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts 7]s]bf/x?sf] unt Jojxf/ / unt egfO{sf] ;lx ;'Gg] sfg, ;lx b]Vg] cfFvf ePsf cGweQm sfo{stf{ ePkl5 To:tf] ;dfh lj/f]lw k+lQmn] ;dfhdf s:tf] ;Gb]z k|jfx unf{ < cfh g]kfnL /fhgLlt kf6L{leq larf/, l;4fGt / cfbz{sf hudf pleg] s'g} klg ;b:o 5}gg\ .

5g\ t s]jn g]tfsf ehgd08nL, olb g}ltsjfg / Odfgbf/ ;b:o x'g] lyP eg] g]t[Tjsf] ;fd"lxs, g}lts ktg / ;f+:s[lts ljrngk|lt cjZo :j:y cfnf]rgf / va/bf/L ug]{ lyP . o:t} /fhgLltdf df}nfPsf] k|j[lQsf sf/0f /fhgLltnfO{ cfˆgf] k}lqs ;DklQ 7fGg], lj/f;tsf] lju'n km'Sb} lx8\g] /fhgLlts bn / g]t[Tjsf] lj:tf/} ult ;dfKt x'G5 eGg] s'/fsf] k"j{;+s]t ut d+l;/ $ sf] lgjf{rg b]lv ev{/} ;DkGg pklgjf{rgsf] kl/0ffdn] k|dfl0ft ul/ lbPsf] 5 . k"/fgf bnx?sf] of] cgk]lIft kl/0ffdaf6 s;}n] pT;flxt / lg?T;flxt x'g' kg]{ 5}g . j? 7"nf / :yflkt eGg] k"/fgf /fhgLlts bnx?n] ;do g38\ls+b} a'‰g / ;lRrg h?/L 5 ls of] dt kl/0ffdn] pgLx?k|lt JoQm u/]sf] …/fO6 6' l/h]S6Ú sf] Pp6f hj{h:t alnof] k|df0f xf] . of] bnx?k|ltsf] cgfb/ dfq} x'Fb} xf]Og, ;+ 3 Lotf, wd{ l g/k] I ftf, ;dfj] l ztf, ;dfg'kflts :yfgLo ;/sf/ / ;du| u0ftflGqs ;+ljwfgk|lt cfz+sf JoQm u/fpg ul/Psf] of] hgdt hfx]/ ePsf] klg sbfkL x'Fb} xf]Og / g]kfnsf :yflkt bnx?sf] d"No, dfGotf, l;4fGt / gLltk|ltsf] hgcj1f yfnlgsf] k|yd ljGb' klg xf]Og . xf] t s]jn g]tfx?sf] JolQmut :jfy{, cg}lts dxTjsf+Iff, u'6aGbL, kl/jf/jfb, 5f8f k|j[lQ / ;Qf s]lGb|t g}ltsxLg, l;4fGtxLg / ljrf/xLgtfn] lgDTofPsf] ljs[ltsf] r/d pkh dfq} xf] . hgtf s'g} kf6L{ jf g]tfsf] bf; jf s;}sf] /}lt x'Fb} xf]Ogg\ . hgtf t ;r]t Pj+ r]tgzLn ;dfh lgdf{0f ug]{ lg0ff{os zlQm, /fHo ;~rfng /;/sf/ lgdf{0fsf ;zQm ;'qwf/, bn / g]tfx?sf lglDt dflns x'g\ eGg] tYo :yflkt u/fpg ut lgjf{rgsf] cledtx?n] k|i6 x'Fb}g / < ha;Dd k"/fgf bnsf] g]t[Tj / To;sf cGweQm cg'ofoLx? ;lRr+b}g ta;Dd hgtfdf ljt[i0ff, 3[0ff, cljZjf; / blno cfj4tfdflysf] vf8n ltj| ultdf ulx/f] / km/flsnf] jGb} hfg]5 . hgtf afWo eP/ gofF /fhgLlts ljsNkk|lt cfs{lift / gofF g]t[Tj vf]Hg tof/ x'g] 5g\ . k/Dk/fut /fhgLlts bn / g]t[Tjsf] cBf]ultsf] dfu{lrq ut :yfgLo lgjf{rgb]lv ev{/ ;DkGg pklgjf{rg;Dd cfO{k'Ubf k|i6 e};s]sf 5g\ . c;n /fhgLltdf Odfg, g}ltstf, ;bfrf/, kfb{lztf argk|lt k|ltj4 nufotsf] u'0fx?sf] ck]Iff /fVg] ul/G5, t/

lj8Dagf g]kfnL /fhgLltdf kl5Nnf kl/b[io eg] To;sf] l7s ljkl/t k'i6L ePsf] 5 . o:tf ljsl;t ljs[ltsf sf/0f c;n, ;Ifd, Odfgbf/ JolQmx? /fhgLltaf6 jlx{uldt jf knfog x'g afWo 5g\ . h;n] ubf{ ;du| /fhgLlt jbgfd, bnfn, e|i6 / cg}lts em'08x?sf] c8\8f em} ePsf] 5 . o;n] d'n'ssf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0fsf] g]t[Tj lngaf6 /fhgLlt g/fd|f];Fu r'Sg k'u]sf] 5 . d'n's em08} ;f9]tLg bzsb]lv d'ntM k/Dk/fut /fhgLlts bn / To;sf g]tfx?sf] r/d :jfy{ / uxg dxTjsfFIffsf] aGws aGb} cfPsf] 5 . /fhgLlt ;a}eGbf dflyNnf] d'xfg xf] . o;nfO{ ;kmf :j:y / ;ª\nf] /flv /fVg ;lsP dfq ;fdfhdf ljt/0f x'g] ;fdflhs ;]jf ljt/0f, ;fdflhs Gofo / ;fdflhs ;'/Iff h:tf df}lns xs clwsf/x? lg/Gt/ ;xh / ;/n} ljt/0f x'Fb} hfg]5g\ . t/ /fhgLlts d'xfgsf] d'n rl/qnfO{ wldn} 5f8]/ c? tklznsf ljifox? ;Ënf] vf]Hg' d'v{tf dfq x'g]5 .

To;sf/0f /fhgLltsf] prfO{sf] dfkg g}ltstf / cfb{zsf] andf plePsf] Ifdtf / bIftf ePsf] x'g cfjZos 5 . oL u'0f ljgfsf] /fhgLlts prfO{ z'Go ;/x x'g]5 . uPsf s]lx jif{ otf b]lvPsf ;+ : yfut e| i 6frf/ b] l v n] g b] g sf afu]{lgËaf6 s] k|i6 x'G5 eg] /fhgLlt kmf]x/sf] y'k|f]df lj:tf/} lj:tf/} kl/jt{g x'Fb}5 . To;sf] pbfx/0f g]skf dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf s[i0f axfb'/ dx/fsf] rfO{lgË;Fu, uf]s'n af:sf]6fsf] lklG6Ë k]|; vl/bdf / gofF zlQmsf] ?kdf pbfosf] /f:jkfsf ;f+;b 9fsf s'df/ >]i7sf] dlGq aGg k};f lbg' kg]{ eGb} Aofkf/L b'uf{ k|;fO{ ;Fu u/]sf] n]gb]gsf] afu]{lgË g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts bn / To;sf] g]t[Tj s'g ;fdflhs w/ftndf plePsf] 5, k|i6 x'g5 . g]kfnL /fhgLlts d'xfg ;kmf x'g'k5{ eGg] c;n Odfgbf/ /fhgLlts g]tfx? ;a} kf6L{af6 unltPsf 5g\ h:t}M g]kfnL sf+u]|; leq s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{ b]lv u0f]zdfg l;+x / k|lbk lu/L;Dd, g]skf Pdfn]df led /fjnx?, g]skf dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|df df]xg j}B, ljKnj, wd]Gb|, nf]sGb| lji6 nufot h:tf Odfg hdfgdf k|ltj4 g]tfx? l6Sg ;s]gg\ . To;sf] kl5Nnf] pbfx/0f xf] g]kfnL sf+u]|;sf] ?vsf] cf]t nfu]/ a;]sf /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o Voflt k|fKt cy{ljb\ 8f= :jl0f{d jfUn]nfO{ klg b]pjf / cf/h'sf] n]gb]gsf] cg}lts em/Lsf] afl56fn\] jfUn]nfO{ klg lehfof] . g]kfnL /fhgLlts j[Qdf nfdf]sfnv08 b]lv rfs8L, rfKn';L, xg'dfglu/L, ehgd08nL, sf]z]nLkft, cfly{s n]gb]g / pkxf/ r9fpg] /fhgLltn] ;du| /fhgLlt wldn]sf] 5 . o;n] ;du| /fhgLlts g]t[Tj g}lts / Odfgbf/Ltfaf6 kltt ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;dfhdf ljBdfg /fhgLlts cEof; / g]t[Tjsf] :jfyL{ k|j[lQn] /fhgLltnfO{ g} cfˆgf] cfsf+Iff cg's"n pkof]u / pkef]usf] ;fwg agfOPsf] 5 . ;dfh / /fhgLltdf g} nfu' x'g] ;fj{ef}d lgod cg';f/ x/]s rNg ;Sg' kb{5 . s'g}klg k|0ffnL jf Joj:yf ;lx / ;xh ?kdf ;+rfng ug{ /fhgLlts g]t[Tj, ;a} txsf hglgjf{lrt k|ltlglw / cfdhgtf lar cGt/;DaGw / ;xsfo{ cfjZos kb{5 .

To;n] dfq c;n k|ltlglwsf] cfsf+Iff /fVg] ;r]t / r]tgzLn ;dfh ;Fu} c;n Pj+ hgtf / d'n'sk|lt pQ/bfoL ;/sf/sf] cfsf+Iff /fVg] k|ltlglwsf] ;d"x lgdf{0f x'G5 . To;sf nflu ljut sf]6\ofP/ nfdf] Oltxf; vf]tNg cfjZos kb}{g hxflgofF !)$ jif]{ tfgfzfxL /f0ff zf;gsf] s'/f slt ug'{, cFWof/f] k~rfotsf] sfnf] #) jif]{ lg/+z'stfsf] ax; klg w]/} eof], @)$& ;fnsf] k|hftGq k'g:yfkgf ;Fu} ax'bn cfPkl5sf ;'?jftL !^ jif{ b]zsf] /fhgLlt s'g xb;Dd wldlnof] < To;sf] klg cj s'/f ug'{sf] vf;} Tolt cy{ gxf]nf, g]kfnL /fhgLltdf b]lvPsf ;+:sf/, ;+:s[lt, Jojxf/ / To;sf] ;dfnf]rgf dfly y]l;; n]Vg ljut )^@÷^# sf] dxfg hgo'4sf] hudf bf];|f] hgqmflGt kl5 lgs6 ljutsf nueu !^ jif{ kof{Kt x'G5 . zf;g Joj:yfsf] :j?k gfddf s'g} tGq jf jfb gf}nf] ePtf klg zf;g Joj:yfsf] lzv/df a:g] zf;s jf /fhgLlts g]t[Tjsf] ;f]rdf s'g} kl/jt{g gcfPkl5 d'n's / hgtfsf] cj:yfdf vf;} tflTjs cGt/ cfpg] s'/} ePg . To;sf] k'i6L ljutsf !^ jif]{ nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] Joj:yfn] k|dfl0ft ul/;s]sf 5. ;+;f/sf ljsl;t d'n'sx?df ;do–;dodf /fhgLlts bn / g]t[Tjx?sf] nf]slk|otfsf] ;j]{If0f ug]{ ub{5g\ / ;j]{If0f glthfdf kf6L{ / g]t[Tjsf] nf]slk|otf v:s+b} uPsf] cj:yf b]lvPdf kf6L{sf g]t[Tjn] ;'l4s/0fsf nflu ;xh} dfu{ k|;:t ug]{ ub{5g\, pbfx/0fsf nflu Go"lhNof08sL k"j{ k|wfgdlGq hl;Gbfsf] k|;+udf cfdlgjf{ r gsf] k" j { ; GWofdf ePsf] ;j]{If0fdf kf6L{sf] nf]slk|of sdhf]/ b]lvPkl5 tfTsflng kf6L{ cWoIf PG8«o" lnl6n g]t[Tjaf6 x6]/ #& jlif{of o"jf hl;Gbfn] kf6L{sf] g]t[Tj ;dfn]sL lyOg\ . /fhgLlts Odfg / ;fdflhs r]tgfn] ;dfhsf k|Tos OsfO{x?sf] Odfg / cfbz{sf] h/fdf ;fdflhs r]tgfsf] dnhn / uf]8d]nn] Go"lhNof08 ;+;f/s} ;a}eGbf sd e|i6 / :jfledfg d'n'ssf] ;'lrdf bh{ ePsf] 5 . of] lzIff g]kfnL /fhgLlt / g]t[Tjn] slxn] u|xg ug{ ;Snfg\ < g}ltstf :jljj]sLo Ifdtf xf], / g}ltstf eg]sf] cfkm}n] cfˆgf] k/LIff lng] k/LIffyL{ klg xf] . ;fFr} g}ltstfsf] k/LIff lng] xf], eg] k/LIffdf plQ0f{ x'g] g]kfnL g]tfx?sf] ;+Vof k|ltzt slt xf]nf < o:tf sfNklgs k|Zgsf] pQ/ ;Dem+bf klg l;+uf] d'n's / cfdhgtfnfO{ slt /]S6/sf] l/+u6f rNbf] xf]nf < @)$^ ;fnsf] k|hftGq :yfkgfb]lv otfsf] ;du| Oltxf; / Jojxf/n] b]vfPsf kl/b[ioaf6 oL k'/fgf /fhgLlts bn / g]t[Tjx? b]z / hgtfnfO{ tx; gx; ug]{ lagf;sf/L clgolGqt glb em} ePsf 5g\ ., h'g glb af6f] lxF8\g] a6'jfsf] Kof; d]6fpg] Ps c+h'nL kfgL x'g ;s]g, ls;fgsf] v]tLdf ;f]lemg] l;+rfO{ x'g ;s]g, df5f df/]/ hLljsf]kfh{g ug]{, dfemLsf] r'nf] afNg] cfwf/ ag]g\ b]zsf] ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] phf{ x'g ;s]g, Tof] t s]jn ljgf;sf] afl9 ag]/ dfq jlu /Xof], slxn] jf/L–kf/L ug]{ a6'jfnfO{ aufP/ slxn] ls;fgsf] x/fe/f v]tL phf8]/ t slxn] ufpF a:tL / ;x/nfO{ r'n'{Dd 8'afP/ cfzf e/f];f / ;kgfsf] ljgf; dfq} ub}{ lxF8\g] clgolGqt ljgf;sf/L

e'k]Gb| yfkf -dfwj_ zf;g Joj:yfsf] :j?k gfddf s'g} tGq jf jfb gf}nf] ePtf klg zf;g Joj:yfsf] lzv/df a:g] zf;s jf /fhgLlts g]t[Tjsf] ;f]rdf s'g} kl/jt{g gcfPkl5 d'n's / hgtfsf] cj:yfdf vf;} tflTjs cGt/ cfpg] s'/} ePg .

To;sf] k'i6L ljutsf !^ jif]{ nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] Joj:yfn] k|dfl0ft ul/;s]sf 5.

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g]kfnL ;]gf sfnLh+u u0fsf] 6f]nLn] e'Dn' ufpFkflnsf j8f gDj/ @ ;'gsf]zL k'n glhs} /x]sf] k'/fgf] ahf/df ufpFdf ef/L jiff{tsf sf/0f crfgs uPsf] klx/f]af6 pQm ufpFsf /fds'df/ tfdfªsf] 3/ k|efljt ePsf] cj:yfdf ;s'zn p2f/ u5{ . klx/f] hfgf;fy k|x/L rf}sLdf :yfgLox?n] vj/ u5{g . 36gf:yn clt hf]lvd tyf cUnf] kxf8L e'efudf /x]sf sf/0f k|x/Ln] :yfgLox?nfO{ ;'/lIft :yfgdf n}hfG5g\ . k|efljt ePsf] 3/ pRr hf]lvdo'Qm :yfgdf ePsfn] bIf /]:So' l6dsf] cfjZostf k5{ . /]:So' 6f]nLnfO{ 36gf:yn cfpg ;"rgf k|fKt eP nuQ} g]kfnL ;]gfsf] sfnLh+u u0fn] pQm :yfgdf 8«f]gsf] ;xfotfaf6 kLl8tsf] cj:yf tyf /]:So' ug{sf nflu pko'Qm :yfgsf] 5gf}6 u/L /]:So'sf] nflu kl/rfng u5{ . …8«f]gÚn] lnPsf] lel8of] / kmf]6f]x?sf cfwf/df ;]gfn] p4f/sf nflu cfjZos kg{] ;fdfu|L ;lxt 36gf:yndf /]:So' l6d kl/rfng u5{ . klx/f] uPsf] k|efljt :yfgdf p2f/sf nflu vl6Psf] 6f]nLn] /]:So'sf nflu ;'/lIft :yfgsf] 5gf}6 u5{ eg] pko'Qm :yfgdf

¥ofklnË /f]kx? nufO{ a]z lgdf{0f u5{ . a]z alnof] ePsf] Plsg u/L p2f/sf nflu tof/ u5{ . ;'Vvf tyf dg;'gsf ;dodf x'g ;Sg] klx/f]df k/]sf gful/sx?nfO{ ;'/lIft ;fy p2f/ ug{ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] 6f]nL k|ljlw / ;Lksf cfwf/df ;Ifd /x]sf] cEof;n] k'i6L u/]sf] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L k'0oljqmd kf}8]nn] atfpg' eof] . To:t} ef/L jiff{tsf sf/0f af9L cfpFbf vf]nfn] aufPsf AolQmnfO{ p2f/sf] cEof;df klg ;]gfn] k|ljlwsf ?kdf klxn] 8«f]g k|of]u ub{5 .

8«f]gaf6 cfjZos hgzlQm / ;fdfu|Lsf] tof/L kl5 tTsfn 36gf:yndf k'u]/ aufO{/x]sf gful/sx?sf] p2f/ u5{ . To:t} g]kfnL ;]gfsf] sfnLh+u u0fn] 8'a]sf] AolQmnfO{ df]6{/af]6sf] dfWodaf6 p2f/ u5{ . df5f dfl//x]sf] tyf kf}8L v]ln/x]sf] cj:yfdf ljleGg :yfgdf 8'a]sf] AolQmnfO{ p2f/ ug{] ;Lk klg g]kfnL ;]gfn] bf]nfn3f6sf] ;'gsf]zLdf b]vfPsf] 5 . ;z:q k|x/L jfn, g]kfn gDj/ !% u0f x]8Sjf6/ kfFrvfnsf] 6f]nLn] ljkbdf vl6Psf] ;'/Iffkmf}hsf] l6d g} c;'/lIft ePsf] cj:yfdf s;/L p2f/ ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] cEof; k|b{zg u/]sf] lyof] . To:t} af9Ldf km;]sf AolQmx?nfO{ zs';n p2f/ ug{] cEof; kgL ;z:q k|x/Ln] u/]sf] 5 . @)*) a}zfv !& ut] b]lvsf] lg/Gt/sf] cEof; kl5 zlgaf/ pQm :yfgdf ;+o'Qm cEof; k|b{zg ul/Psf] xf] . g]kfnL ;]gf sfnLh+u u0f nufotsf] 6f]nLn] lhNnf, kflnsf :t/ / j8f :t/df cEof; tyf ;Lksf af/]df o'jfx?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg] tflnsf tof/L u/]sf] 5 .

kf7skq ;dfrf/df gePsf] ljifo pNn]v eof] >Ldfg\ ;Dkfbs Ho" r]i6f ;fKtflxssf] jif{ @( c+s @& df k|sflzt ;dfrf/df d]/f] ;d]t gfd hf]l8Psf]df Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] 5 . @)&( a}zfv !@ ut] ;fljs /ofn] uflj; j8f gDj/ & xfn kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ ! /ofn] l:yt ;Gtf]if ;fksf]6fn] sfg"gL clwjQmfn] tof/ u/]sf] lnlvt sfuh ;lxtsf] e/kfO{ tTsflng j8f cWoIf z]/axfb'/ ;'jfnn] ;d]t k|df0fLt ul/ ag]kf # lgjf;L /fdk|;fb bfxfn / k'0odftf l3ld/] ;d]t ;fIfL a;]/ #) nfv ?k}of lnPsf x'g\ . klqsfdf ;dfrf/ cfP h:tf] ld6/ Aofh lng] / lbg] u/L pQm sfuh agfO{Psf] xf]O{g . ;/sf/L sfof{nodf pkl:yt eP/ k|df0fLt ul/Psf] sfuhdf g} ;Gtf]if ;fksf]6fn] shf{ lnPsf x'g\ . pQm ?k}of sfg"g adf]lhd Aofh / ;fFjf ltg{ g;s] 3/ 3/fgfaf6 c;'n pk/ ug{ d~h'/ /x]sf] Aoxf]/df ;lx 5fk u/]sf 5g\ . clg ;dodf /sd gltg{], /sd lbPsf] eg]/ a}sdf k};f gePsf] r]s lbg], sfg"g cg';f/ /sd c;'nLsf nflu cbfntaf6 Gofosf] km};nf eP kl5 gePsf] ljifonfO{ cf/f]k nufP/ klqsfdf ab\gfd ug{' slt Gofof]lrt x'G5 < ;Gtf]if ;fksf]6fn] xfdL;Fu lnPsf] /sd pN6} yk Aofhdf nufP/ sfg"g ljkl/t u/]sf 5g\ . d dfyL nufPsf] cf/f]k ldYof xf] . To;df s'g} ;Totf gePsfn] v08gsf nflu cg'/f]w ub{5' . k|j]z yfkf ag]kf, hfgfufn, sfe|]

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;fw'/fd lu/L ;+;f/sf] s'g} klg 7fFpdf dflg;x? hGdG5g\, x's{G5g\ clg cfkm"n] ;s]sf] hfg]sf] /fd|f g/fd|f sfo{x? JolQmut jf ;dfhsf] nflu u/]sf x'G5g\ . cfh;Dd ;+;f/df slt dflg;x? hGd] / d[To"j/0f u/] To;sf] s'g} n]vfhf]vf 5}g . e}xfn] klg s]xL l;ldt JolQmx?n] dfq cfˆgf] gfd / k|l;l4sf] Oltxf; /Rg ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . o;/L Oltxf; /Rg ;kmn JolQmx? ljZj ;dfhdf sd} x'g] u/]sf] xfdL ;a}nfO{ yfxf ePs} s'/f xf] . hGdb]lv hLjg ;dfKt gxF'bf;Dd cfˆgf] hGde"dL, ;dfh / /fi6«sf nflu pNn]vgLo of]ubfg u/]/ ef}lts ?kdf ;bfsf] nflu ljbf eP klg cfˆgf c;n / hglk|o sfo{x?åf/f cfˆgf] gfd / k|l;l4 prf] / cd/ /fVg ;kmn ePsf x'G5g\ . To:tf sfnhoL JolQmx? hLjLt /lx/xG5g\ . d o; n]vdf cfh To:t} ;Demg nfossf k|]/0ffbfoL JolQmsf] af/]df cfkm"n] a'em]sf, b]v]sf :d/0fsf] JofVof ug]{ hdsf]{ ub}{ 5' . sfe|] lhNnfsf] ljs6 dflgg] sf];Lkf/L If]qsf] ;fljs lkkn6f/ uf=k=df !((% ;fndf lktf tf/fgfy pk]|tL / dftf gGbs'df/L pk|]tLaf6 uf]ljGb gfy pk|]tLsf] hGd ePsf] lyof] . pgL ;fg} pd]/b]lv lg8/ / xSsL :jefjsf lyP . !# efO dWosf dflxnf efO{ uf]ljGb gfy pk|]tLn] !$ jif{sf] pd]/ b]lv g} /fhlgtL ug{ z'? u/]sf] pxfs F f] af/]df hfgLkmsf/x? atfp5Fg\ . ;fg} pd]/ b]lv /fhlgtL ug]{ JolQm ePs} sf/0f pgL sf]xL s;} dfyL s'g} klg k|sf/sf] cGofo cTofrf/ ePsf] b]Vg} ;Sb}gy] / t'?Gt} k|ltsf/df pqLxfNy] .

3/df klg :jtGq eP/ a:g ?rfpg] / ufpF3/df klg cfˆg} hgjfbL ljrf/ cg';f/ ul/a / lgd'vfsf] enfO{ ug]{ sfo{df ;w}e/L nlu kg]{ ub{y] . cefjdf lkN;LPsf hgtfsf] 3/3/df hfg] . plgx? ;Fu} vfg] / plgx?sf k|To]s b'Mv ;'vdf ;fy lbg] uf]ljGb gfy pk|]tL / pgsf] of]ubfg sfe|]nL hgdtn] slxNo} lj;{g ;Sb}gg\ . sf];Lkf/L e]usf hgtfnfO{ pgn] u/]sf] :g]x / ;xof]u clxn] klg ToxfFsf dflg;x? ;DemL/xG5g\ . pgL hGdb} hgjfbL ljrf/sf wgL lyP eGg] s'/f pgsf w]/} hgjfbL sfo{x?n] k|:6 kfb{5g\ . Jojxf/df ;'? b]lv g} sDo"lgi6 eP klg cflwsfl/s ?kdf rfxL @)$^ ;fndf dfq g]skfsf ;b:o ag]sf lyP . g]skf Pdfn]sf ;fwf/0f ;b:o uf]ljGb gfy pk|]tL kf6L{df lqmofzLn /xFbf slxNo} klg kbsf nflu n8]gg\ . n8] t cGofo / cTofrf/sf] lj?4df dfq} cxf]/fq n8] . Pdfn] km'6fP/ dfn] agfpg] kfq dWo]sf Ps kfq pgL klg x'g\ . s]xL ;do kl5 dfn] Pdfn] ljrdf Pstf eof] . pgL eg] kms]{/ uPgg\ . To;kl5 dfcf]jfbL ag]sf pk]|tLn] kf6L{df eg] s'g} lhDd]jf/L lnPgg\ . hg;]jL ePsf] sf/0f ;a} kf6L{sf dflg;x? pgnfO{ 5'§} k|sf/n] dfGg] / ;Ddfg ug]{ ub{5g\ . dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;xof]u u/]s} sf/0f pgsf] 6fpsfsf] d"No #% nfv tf]lsPsf] lyof] . cfˆgf] 6fpsf]sf] d"No tf]lsPkl5 :jo+ w'lnv]n lh=k|=sfdf cfO{ ;fj{hlgs eP/ d} xf] uf]ljGb gfy pk]|tL ;S5f} eg] d]/f] 6fpsf]df uf]nL 7f]s eg]/ ;fx;k"j{s k|x/L / ;]gfnfO{ eg]sf lyP . /fd|f] nufpg], ld7f] vfg] / df]h

d:tL ug]{ a]nfdf lbg /ft v6]/ cfˆgf] ;dfhdf cfjZos k/]sf] af6f] agfpg], ljBfno agfpg] h:tf cgluGtL ;fdflhs sfo{df lg/Gt/ cu|;/ eO/x] . cfˆgf] Pl/ofsf hgtfnfO{ ef]sdf/L nfUbf x'g] vfg]sf] 3/df uP/ x'G5 ls vfB ;+:yfgsf] 6«s g} vf];]/ ePklg cfˆgf] Hofg w/fkdf /fv]/ hgtfnfO{ ef]sf] /fVb}gy] . s[ifsnfO{ dnsf] cfjZos k/]df bf]nfn3f6sf] k'ndf a;]/ hxfF nfg nu]sf] eP klg dn vf];]/ eP klg cfˆgf hgtfnfO{ afF8g] ub{y] . pxFfnfO{ bf]nfn3f6sf Jofkf/L b]lv sf];Lkf/L e]usf !& uf=k=sf ls;fg dhb'/ hf] sf]xL klg cfjZos ;xof]u ug{ ;w} tof/ x'Gy] . bf]nfn3f6–rf}/L–u'/Ff;] df]6/af6f] pgs} ljz]if kxndf lgdf{0f ePsf] xf] . xfnsf] sf];L kf/Lsf] htL klg oftfoft, s[ifL / lzIffsf] ljsf; pgsf] cu'jfO lagf ;Dej lyPg . Pp6f ljs6 If]qsf] ;du| ljsf; Tof] klg olt w]/} If]qdf ug{ ;Sg' rfgr'g] lyPg . pxfFsf] lg:jfy{ / ;fx;L sfo{nfO{ ;kmn agfpg ToxfFsf :yfgLo ;xof]uLx?sf] klg Tolts} of]ubfg /x]sf] kfOG5 . To:tf JolQmx?nfO{ d}n] oxfF pNn]v ul/g eg] d]/f] of] n]v k"0f{ gx'g klg ;S5 . pxfFsf lo ;fdflhs sfo{x?nfO{ ;kmn kfg]{x? dWo xfn cd]l/sf a:g'x'g] v8fgGb pk|]tLn] lzIff If]qdf ug'{ePsf] of]ubfg ct'ngLo 5 . lj=;+=!((( ;fndf 8'D/]kfgLdf :yfkgf ePsf] efiff kf7zfnfnfO{ lj=;+=@))^ ;fndf e'Dn'6f/df :yfgfGt/ u/L lzIffk|]dL v8fgGb pk|]tLsf] ljz]if kxndf pgs} 5f]/Lsf] Kof/f] pkgfd …k|sfzÚ dg k/]sf]n] 5f]/Lsf] ToxL pkgfdaf6 k|sfz k|f=lj=sf] gfdfs/0f ul/Psf] ToxfFsf :yflgo hflgkmsf/x? atfpF5g\ . pQm ljBfnonfO{ lj=;+= @)#$ ;fndf lg=df=lj= l:js[lt lnOPsf] / ;f]xL ljBfno ;~rfng ug{sf] nflu hUufbftf :j=uf]kLgfy pk|]tL / lzIff k|]dL l6sfnfn pk|]tLsf] ljz]if kxn /x]sf] kfOG5 . ljBfnodf z'?b]lv cgj/t ?kdf lzIf0f u/L cfˆgf] ;Dk"0f{ hLjg ToxL ljBfnosf] rf}tkmL{ ljsf;sf] nflu ;dk{0f ug]{ :j=rf]kx/L pk|]tL, :jo+;]jssf] ?kdf c+u|]hL lzIf0f ug]{ :j=åfl/sf /fh pk|]tL h:tf lzIffk|]dL x:tLx?sf] klg ptLs} xft /x]sf] kfOG5 . oL dfyL pNn]lvt JolQmx?sf] lgM:jfy{ ;xof]u ljgf uf]ljGb gfy pk|]tLsf] lzIff If]qsf] ljsf;sf] ofqf cw'/} x'GYof] xf]nf . xfnsf] k|sfz df=lj= l:js[ltsf] nflu e'Dn'6f/jf;L Psf] xf] . afx« k6s h]n k/]sf pk|]tLn] 3l6df b'O{ lbg / a9Ldf ;Ff9] tLg jif{ ;Dd h]n hLjg latfPsf] kfOG5 . h]n d'Qm u/fpgs} nflu eg]/ b/jf/;Fu lgs6 /x]sf wfld{s JolQmTj sfnL afaf / of]uL g/x/LgfynfO{ k|sfz df=lj=df cfdGq0f u/L ljBfyL{ lzIfs / ;Dk"0f{ cleefjslar pk|]tLsf ;fdflhs sfo{x?sf] af/]df a[xt cGt/s[of sfo{qmd cfof]hgf lzIffk|]dL ljåfg åfl/sf /fh pk|]tLsf] kxndf ul/Psf] lyof] . cleefjs, To;} ljBfnosf lzIfs lzlIfsf, ljBfyL{x? / uf]ljGb gfy pk|]tLsf] g]t[Tjdf 7"n} ;+3if{ ug'{ k/]sf] lyof] . ;fljssf] lkkn6f/ ufpF k~rfotnfO{ ljefhg u/L 5'§} ufpF k~rfot e'Dn'6f/ ufpF k~rfotsf] gfdfs/0f u/L pgs} bfh' kz'kltgfy pk|]tLnfO{ ;j{;Djt k|wfgk~r agfpg klg uf]ljGb gfy pk|]tLn] w]/} 7"nf] ;+3if{ ug'{ k/]sf] lyof] . d cfkm" klg olx ljBfnodf cWoog ug]{ ljBfyL{ ePsf]n] pk|]tLsf] g]t[Tjdf ePsf k|fo ;a} cfGbf]ngdf lbg /ft v6]sf] / k|x/Lsf] bdg ;fg} pd]/df v]Kg k/]sf] lyof] . d eGbf 7"nf] sIffdf cWoog ug]{ bfOx?n] t dlxgf} ;Dd h]n klg a:g' k/]sf] lyof] . @÷# dlxgfsf] nfdf] ;+3if{ kl5 @)#^ ;fndf sIff cf7 l:js[tL lnO{ qmdz

t]hu+uf ax'd'vL SoFDk; kgf}tL, sfe|]knf~rf]s

egf{ v'Nof] ! egf{ v'Nof] UGC af6 QAA k|df0fkq k|fKt ug{ ;kmn t]hu+uf ax'd'vL SofDk;df :gftsf]Q/ tx (MBS / M.Ed.) k|yd ;]d]i6/df

egf{ v'Nof] ;fy} :gfts tx (BBS, B.Ed / BA) k|yd jif{df klg ljz]if ;'ljwf ;lxt egf{ v'ln/x]sf] 5 .

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:j= nIdLb]jL knf~rf]s] r]i6f ;fKtflxs tyf k|fO{d PkmPdsf z'elrGts Pj+ ;dfh;]jL s[i0frGb| knf~rf]s]sf] wd{kTgL nIdLb]jL knf~rf]ssf] cNkfo"d} c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f} .

df=lj= x'Fb} @)%& ;fndf pRr df=lj= l:js[tL ePsf] xfnsf] k|sfz pRr df=lj= agfpg] sfd pg} uf]ljGb gfy pk|]tLsf] g]t[Tjn] ;Dej agfPsf] xf] . afx« k6s h]n k/]sf pk|]tLn] 3l6df b'O{ lbg / a9Ldf ;Ff9] tLg jif{ ;Dd h]n hLjg latfPsf] kfOG5 . h]n d'Qm u/fpgs} nflu eg]/ b/jf/;Fu lgs6 /x]sf wfld{s JolQmTj sfnL afaf / of]uL g/x/LgfynfO{ k|sfz df=lj=df cfdGq0f u/L ljBfyL{ lzIfs / ;Dk"0f{ cleefjslar pk|]tLsf ;fdflhs sfo{x?sf] af/]df a[xt cGt/s[of sfo{qmd cfof]hgf lzIffk|]dL ljåfg åfl/sf /fh pk|]tLsf] kxndf ul/Psf] lyof] . d} n ] klg To;} sfo{ q mddf cltl/Qm lqmofsnfk / sIffdf k|yd x'g] ePsf]n] wfld{s JolQmTj sfnL afaf / of]uL g/x/Lgfysf] xftaf6 k'ikdfnf / l6sf u|x0f ug]{ df}sf kfPsf] lyPF . sfe|] lhNnfsf] hglk|o wfld{s :yn knf~rf]s eujtL dlGb/df vfg]kfgLsf] w]/} cefj lyof] . @)#( ;fndf nfdL8f8f b]lv eujtL dlGb/ ;Ddsf] df]6/af6f] lkr ug]{, vfg]kfgLsf] Joj:yf u/L dlGb/sf] nflu kfgL 6\ofÍL :yfkgf ug]{ / lah'nL aQLsf] nfO{g h8fg ug]{ sfd klg pk|]tLs} ljz]if kxndf ePsf] kfOG5 . o;} u/L bf]nfn3f6 ahf/sf ljBfyL{ x ?sf] k7g kf7gdf b] l vPsf] hl6ntfnfO{ gh/ cGbfh u/L b'nfn]Zj/ dxfb]jsf] gfdaf6 b'nfn]Zj/ df=lj=sf] :yfkgf oxL e]usf Jofkf/Lsf] cfly{s ;xof]udf pk|]tLsf] g]t[Tjdf :yfkgf ePsf] lyof] . o;/L cfˆgf] ufpF 6f]n x'Fb} ;du| lhNnfs} cu|0fL g]t[Tj lng ;kmn x'g'ePsf pk|]tL @)$# ;fndf ePsf] /fli6«o k~rfotsf] r'gfjdf efu lnbf x/fOPkl5 k|ltafb ug]{ qmddf tTsfnLg tfgfzfxL lg/+s'z Joj:yfsf] /lte/ 8/ gdflg dnfO{ 1fg]Gb| / lw/]Gb|n] x/fPsf x'g egL ;fj{hlgs :yndf efif0f u/]kl5 ks|fp k/L ;Ff9] tLg jif{ h]n hLjg latfpg afWo x'g' k/]sf] lyof] . @)%^ ;fndf lul/hfk| ; fb sf]O/fnfsf] g]t[Tjdf ag]sf] ;/sf/df >d/fHo dGqL ag]sf uf]ljGb gfy dGqL kb d'Qm ePkl5 >d dGqfno eg]sf] t eG;f/ sfof{no h:tf] kf] x'Fbf] /x]5 eGb5g\ . lsgsL ToxfF o'jfx?nfO{ ljb]z k7fpg] qmddf >d l:js[tL lnbf 7"n} cfly{s rnv]n x'g] u/]sf] pgn] k|ToIf b]v]sf /x]5g\ . t/ pgn] eg] Ps k};f klg cg}lts 9+un] glnPsf] s'/f atfpF5g\ . pgn] kbdf /xFbf cfly{s rnv]n u/] gu/]sf] s'/f t pgsf] clxn]sf] hLjgz}nL, 3/sf] cfly{s cj:yfaf6 k|:6 yfxf x'G5 g} . hf] cfhef]nL ;/sf/n] pknAw u/fPsf] a[4eQfsf] e/df hLjgofkg ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;fwf hLjg pRr ljrf/sf wgL pk]|tLn] %@ jif{sf] pd]/df ljBf pk|]tL;Fu ljjfx u/]sf lyP . hLjgsf] cfwLeGbf a9L ;do hg;]jfd} latfPsf pk|]tLsf] 5f]/f 5f]/L 5}gg\ . a'9];sfndf s:n] ;xfotf u5{g egL ;f]Wbf wlt{n] ;a}sf] rfFhf] kfrf] ldnfpF5 eg]/ hjfkm lbg] pk|]tLsf] ;fbuL hLjgz}nL b]v]/

/fd|f] nufpg], ld7f] vfg] / df]h d:tL ug]{ a]nfdf lbg /ft v6]/ cfˆgf] ;dfhdf cfjZos k/]sf] af6f] agfpg], ljBfno agfpg] h:tf cgluGtL ;fdflhs sfo{df lg/Gt/ cu|;/ eO/x]. cfˆgf] Pl/ofsf hgtfnfO{ ef]sdf/L nfUbf x'g] vfg]sf] 3/df uP/ x'G5 ls vfB ;+:yfgsf] 6«s g} vf];]/ ePklg cfˆgf] Hofg w/fkdf /fv]/ hgtfnfO{ ef]sf] /fVb}gy] cfhef]nLsf g]tfx?n] klg To:t} lg:jfy{ ljrf/n] ;dfh / b]zsf] ;]jf u/]df of] b]zn] sf]N6] km]g{ w]/} ;do nfUb}gYof] sL < cGtdf pxfFsf] af/]df hlt j0f{g u/] klg sd} x'G5 . o; wtL{df hGd lnPkl5 lg:jfy{ efjgfn] ;Tsd{x?sf] clegf;L / clj:d/0fLo sfo{x?åf/f g} dflg; d[To' kl5 klg hLljt /x]sf] x'G5 . pxfFsf] k|]/0ffbfoL hLjg / hLjgz}nLaf6 of] ;dfhnfO{ lg/~t/ ;xof]u / ;]jf ug]{ k|]/0ff xfdL ;a}nfO{ ldNb} hfcf];\ . uf]ljGb gfy pk|]tL h:tf JolQm xfd|f] ;dfh / b]zn] kfO{/xg ;sf];\ . uf]ljGb gfy h:tf JolQmTjsf] kblrGx efjL lk9Ln] klg k5\ofpFb} hfg;s] ;dfhn] pxfFsf] of]ubfgsf] sb/ u/]sf] dflgg] 5 . cGtdf ;fbf hLjg / pRr ljrf/sf ;/fxlgo JolQmTj uf]ljGb gfysf] ;'–:jfYo tyf bL3f{o"sf] sfdgf ub{5' . n]vs k"j{ ljBfyL{ k|sfz p=df=lj e'Dn'6fsf x'g'x'G5 ._

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w' l nv] n ÷k" 0 f{ ;l~hjgL nª\vgfdfO{ dfWolds ljBfnosf] ^@ cf} aflif{s pT;j tyf ejg x:tfGt/0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . gu/ k|d'v czf]s Aof~h'n] pQm sfo{qmdsf] ;d'b\3f6g ug{' ePsf] lyof] . ;a}sf nflu :jf:Yo / lzIff eGg] ;+:yfn] lgdf{0f ul/lbPsf] rf/ sf]7] klSs ejgsf] gu/ k|d'v czf]s Aof~h'n] pb\3f6g ug{' eof] . ;+:yfsf cWoIf gf/fo0f clwsf/Ln] pQm ljBfno x:tfGt/0f ug{' ePsf] lyof] . pQm ;:yfn] k"jf{wf/ nufot ljBfnosf] cGo If]qdf ;xof]u ug{] cWoIf clwsf/Ln] atfpg' eof] . sfo{qmddf gu/ k|d'v Aof~h'n] w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfn] lhNnfd} klxnf] k6s :yfgLo ;/sf/ lgjf{lrt eP nuQ} lzIfs b/jGbL ldnfg u/]sf], ljBfno Plss/0f u/L ;'wf/sf] k|of; u/]sf], @$ j6f ljBfno ejg k'g{lgdf{0f u/]sf], ;+ljwfgn] Aoj:yf u/] eGbf dfyL p7]/ SofDk; tx;Ddsf] cWoogsf nflu gu/kflnsfsf] tkm{af6 lgz'Ns Aoj:yfkg u/]sf] atfpg' eof] . …:yfgLo tyf k|b]z / ;+3 ;/sf/n] ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf] z}lIfs u'0f:t/sf nflu hlt nufgL u/]sf] 5 Tolt k|ltkmn lng ;s]sf] 5}gÚ–gu/ k|d'v Aof~h'n] eGg'eof]–…cGo r/0fsf sfo{ ;DkGg eP klg ljBfnodf z}lIfs u'0f:t/sf sfo{ cl3 a9fpg sl7g ePsf] 5 . o;nfO{ ljBfnosf lzIfs, cleefjs, ljBfyL{ tyf ljBfno;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ;a} kIfsf] a/f]a/ ;xof]u, ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ h?/L 5 .Ú Ps j8f Ps gd"gf ljBfno lgdf{0fsf] cleofgdf gu/kflnsfn] ljleGg vfnsf] ;xof]u k|bfg u/]sf] gu/ k|d'v Aof~h'n]

atfpg' eof] .

ljBfno k|wfgfWofks ufoqL ltdlN;gf Gof}kfg]n] ljBfnon] ljBfyL{x?sf] lgoldt :jf:Yo kl/If0f, afn ljsf;df ;fdfu|Lsf] dfWodaf6 cWofkg, ljBfno a; ;+rfng, l;k ;lxtsf] lzIffsf nflu l;nfO{ a'gfO{sf] Aoj:yfkg, ljleGg If]qsf bftfx?sf] ;xof]udf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ kf]zfs tyf cGo ljljw ;xof]u pknAw u/fO{Psf] atfpg' eof] . ljBfnodf cltl/Qm s[ofsnfk ;+rfng u/L lgjGw, aSt[Tjsnf, sljtf tyf nf]slut h:tf sfo{qmddf ljBfno pTs[i6 ePsf] atfpbF} k|wgfWofks ltdlN;gfn] P;O{O{ @)&* df gu/d} pTs[i6 ePsf] atfpg' eof] . z}lIfs ;q @)*) sf nflu $^ hgf gofF ljBfyL{ egf{ eO{ ljBfnodf # ;o *% hgf ljBfyL{x? cWoog ul//x]sf] pxfn F ] atfpg' eof] . c+u|]hL / g]kfnL b'a} dfWodaf6 cWofkg u/fO{g], sDKo'6/ tyf k|ljlwsf] k|of]u u/fO{ sIff ;+rfng ug{], x/]s ljifodf k|of]ufTds ljwLaf6 sIffx? ;+rfng ul/g], afnaflnsfx?nfO{ cltl/Qm s[ofsnfk cGt{ut ljleGg sfo{qmddf ;xeflu u/fO{g], pkrf/ ;]jf, Ps ljBfyL{ Ps lj?jfsf nflu udnfdf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{qmd ul/Psf] pxfn F ] atfpg' eof] . cfufdL jif{ ljBfyL{x?sf nflu 5fqfaf; ;+rfng, ef}lts k"jf{wf/n] ;DkGg ljBfnosf ?kdf ljsf; ub{} ljleGg ;]jfx? pknAw u/fpg] pxfn F ] atfpg' eof] . sfo{ q mddf ljleGg If] q af6 ljBfnonfO{ ;xof]u ug{] ;+3 ;+:yf, AolQm tyf pTs[i6 ljBfyL{x?nfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] eg] bftfx?n] afnaflnsfx?nfO{ 5fqa[ l Q pknAw u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ljBfyL{x?n] ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd dfkm{t k|ltef k|:t't u/]sf lyP .

>L nIdL gf/fo0f dfWolds ljBfno /f]zL ufpFkflnsf–@, gf/fo0frf}/, sfe]|knf~rf]s

lzIfs cfjZostf ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).)!.@%

tkl;n kb M lzIfs -lghL ;|f]t_ tx M cfwf/e"t ;+Vof M @ z}lIfs of]Uotf M dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 sDtLdf sIff !@ pQL0f{ u/]sf] x'g'kg{] -cFu|]hL / ul0ft cWofkg u/fpg ;Sg]nfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf_ ;]jfsf] k|s[lt M s/f/ k|fyldstf M dlxnf tna :s]n M ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] tf]s] adf]lhd b/vf:t b:t'/ M !)))÷– pd]/ M !* jif{ k"/f e} $) jif{ ggf3]sf] k/LIffsf] lsl;d M lnlvt / cGt{jftf{ b/vf:t lbg] :yfg M ljBfno b/vf:t lbg] clGtd ldlt M @)*).@.# ;Dd ;Dks{ ldlt M @)*).)@.)$ ut] k/LIff x'g] ldlt M ;Dks{ ldltdf tf]lsg] 5 cfjZos sfuhkq != x:t lnlvt lgj]bg @= z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlkx? #= g]kfnL gful/stf k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk w|'|j k|;fb e§/fO{ $= ;DalGwt txsf] cg'ej k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk k|wfgfWofks yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu M (*$!$$))(!

o; ljBfnosf] ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ldlt @)*).!.!& ut]sf] lg0f{o Pj+ /f]zL ufpFkflnsfsf] sfof{no /f]zL–&, sfe|]sf] ldlt @)*).!.@% sf] rnfgL g+= @#&# sf] kqfg';f/ o; ljBfnodf l/Qm dflj lzIfs lj1fg ljifosf] cg'bfg sf]6fdf lj1fkg u/L s/f/ ;]jfdf kbk"lt{ ug{'kg{] ePsf]n] tkl;n adf]lhdsf of]Uotf k'u]sf g]kfnL gful/saf6 !% lbgleq /Ltk"j{s b/vf:t k]z ug{x'g of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . tkl;n lj1fkg g+= M )!–)&(÷*) kb M lzIfs tx M dflj -/fxt cg'bfg sf]6f_ >]0fL M t[tLo ;+Vof M ! z}lIfs of]Uotf M M.Sc -d'n ljifo lj1fg lnO{_ :gftsf]Q/ jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ u/]sf] ;]jfsf] k|s[lt M s/f/ kfl/>lds M g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|rlnt lgodfg';f/ b/vf:t b:t'/ M !%))÷– cfj]bg lbg] clGtd ldlt M @)*).!.@% b]lv #! ut];Dd lzIfs ;]jf cfof]usf] s/f/ ;'rLdf ;dfj]z ePsf pDd]bjf/x?sf nflu / ldlt @)*).@.* ut];Dd ;f]daf/ lbgsf] $ ah];Dd v'Nnf pDd]bjf/x?sf nflu k/LIffsf] lsl;d M lnlvt, cGt{jftf{ / k|of]ufTds b/vf:t lbg] :yfg M >L nIdL gf/fo0f df=lj= /f]zL–@, sfe|] ;Dks{ ldlt M @)*).)@.)( ut] k/LIff x'g] ldlt M ;Dks{ ldltdf tf]lsg] 5 cfjZos sfuhkq != x:t lnlvt lgj]bg @=cWofkg cg'dltkqsf] k|ltlnlk #= ;Dk"0f{ z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlkx? $= g]kfnL gful/stf k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk %= ;DalGwt txsf] cg'ej k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk ^= lg/f]lutf k|df0fkqsf] ;Ssn k|lt lzIfs 5gf}6 ;ldlt ;Dks{ sfhLdfg nfdf -k|=c=_ (*^#^!(%)#, rGb|axfb'/ nfdf -ljJo; cWoIf_ (*$!#)*!*%,

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

hGd @)!(.&.^

hGd @)!(.&.^

;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).)!.@*

o; ljBfnosf] ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ldlt @)*).!.@% ut]sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ o; ljBfnodf tkl;n adf]lhdsf] cfwf/e"t txsf] lzIfs s/f/ ;]jfdf kbk"lt{ ug{'kg{] ePsf]n] b]xfo adf]lhdsf of]Uotf k'u]sf g]kfnL gful/saf6 & lbgleq /Ltk"j{s b/vf:t k]z ug{x'g of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 .

:juf{/f]x0f @)*).!.@!

:j= nIdLb]jL knf~rf]s] tTsflng sfe|] a; Joj;foL ;+3sf k"j{ cWoIf xfd|f ;xof]uL ldq s[i0frGb| knf~rf]s]sf] wd{kTgL nIdLb]jL knf~rf]ss ] f] cNkfo"d} c;fdflos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ zf]s ;GtKt kl/jf/hgdf xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

ldng eQm >]i7

/fh]z s'df/ >]i7

sfof{no k|d'v

k|aGw lgb]{zs÷cWoIf

l;Gw' x]nDa' oftfoft ;]jf k|f=ln= kl/jf/ ag]kf sfe|]

:juf{/f]x0f @)*).!.@!

:j= nIdLb]jL knf~rf]s] o; ;d"xsf ;b:o P+j xfd|f cflTdo ldq s[i0frGb| knf~rf]s]sf] wd{kTgL nIdLb]jL knf~rf]ss ] f] cNkfo'd} c;fdflos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ zf]s ;GtKt kl/jf/hgdf xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}F .

ldng eQm >]i7 -sfof{no k|d'v_

/fh]z s'df/ >]i7 -k|aGw lgb]{zs÷cWoIf_

dfF r08]Zj/L kmf]·f lx6L b}lgs :yfg ;d"x, kl/jf/, ag]kf

$

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

a]yfGrf]sdf nShDju{sf dGqLsf] cjnf]sg – s[ifssf uf]7 / v]tdf k'u] dGqL

a]yfGrf]s÷lhNnfsf] a] y fGrf] s ufpF k flnsfsf ljleGg kl/of]hgfdf nShDju{sf] ;xeflutfdf gful/sx?sf] ;Gt'i6L tyf cfof]hgfsf] k|efjsf af/]df ;f]lx b]zsf ljsf; ;xof]u / dfgjLo dfldnf dGqL k|mfGh k]mof]6n] cjnf]sg ug{' ePsf] 5 . a] y fGrf] s ufpF k flnsfdf u|fld0f ljsf; ;+:yf dfkm{t ufpFkflnsfsf] ;xof]udf ljBfno ejg lgdf{0f, ;xsf/L :yfkgf u/L s[lif tyf kmnkm'nsf] Aoj;foLs pTkfbg / ahf/Ls/0f, hnjfo' cg's'ng sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng eO{/x]sf 5g\ . dGqL k|mfGh k]mof]6n] a]yfGrf]snfO{ ldlg nShDju{sf ?kdf ljsf; ug{ ufpFkflnsf ;Fu ;dGjo ug{] atfpg' eof] . …;'Gb/ / /fd|f] jftfj/0f ePsf] a]yfGrf]snfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u k|bfg ug{ ;dGjo ug{]5'Ú– dGqL k|mfGh k]mof]6n] eGg'eof]–…ufpFkflnsfsf] ;dGjodf u|fld0f ljsf; ;+:yf dfkm{t x'g] sfo{qmdnfO{ yk k|efjsf/L agfpg] 5' .Ú nShDju{sf] pQ/L e]u klg a]yfGrf]ssf] h:t} cfn' nufotsf t/sf/L pTkfbg x'g] :yfg ePsfn] ;f]lx If]q h:t} a]yfGrf]snfO{ klg s[lif pTkfbgsf If]qdf cl3 a9fpg ;lsg] dGqL k|mfGh k]mof]6n] atfpg' eof] . ufpFkflnsf cWoIf eujfg clwsf/Ln] nShDju{ b]zn] PO{cfO{Pg nShDju{sf] ;xof]udf u|fld0f ljsf; ;+:yfsf] ;dGjodf u/]sf sfo{x?sf] k|z+zf ub{} pQ sfo{sf] lg/Gt/tf / yk sfo{qmdsf nflu dGqL km]of]6;Fu cg'/f]w ug{' ePsf] lyof] . …a]yfGyf]s xfjfkfgL tyf jftfj/0fsf lx;fjn] s[lif / ko{6gsf nflu pko'Qm kflnsf xf]Ú–cWoIf clwsf/Ln] eGg'eof]–…kflnsfsf] ljsf;sf nflu nShDju{ tyf ljleGg lgsfo;Fusf] ;dGjo ug{]5f}+ .Ú PO{cfOPg nShDju{sf] ;xof]udf a]yfGrf]s ufpFkflnsfdf u|fld0f dlxnf t/sf/L tyf kmnkm'n ;xsf/L ;+:yfnfO{ t/sf/L tyf kmnkm'n 9'jfgLsf

nflu 9'jfgL ;fwg pknAw ePsf] lyof] . tfhf t/sf/L tyf kmnkm'n 9'jfgLsf nflu …t/sf/L tyf kmnkm'nÚ PDa'n]G;sf ?kdf pQm ;jf/L ;fwg ;+rfngdf NofO{Psf] 5 . dlxnf ;zlQms/0f tyf cfTdlge{/sf nflu Aoj;foLs v]lt ug{] pb]Zon] a]yfGrf]s ufpFkflnsfdf ;xsf/L dfkm{t ljleGg sfo{qmd z'? ePsf 5g\ . dGqL k|mfGh k]mof]6n] ;xsf/L dfkm{t ePsf pknAwL, z]o/ ;b:ox?n] ef]u]sf cg'e'tLx? / plgx?sf] pTkfbgsf af/]df hfgsf/L lng' eof] . s[ifssf] 3/d} k'u]/ dGqL k|mfGh k]mof]6n] s/];faf/L, Aoj;foLs v]lt, s[lif tyf kz'kfngsf af/]df hfgsf/L lng' ePsf] lyof] . t/sf/L 9'jfgLsf nflu vl/b ul/Psf] ;jf/L ;fwgsf nflu PO{cfOPg nShDju{n] @% nfv *) xhf/ pknAw u/fPsf] cWoIf ljdnf clwsf/Ln] atfpg' eof] . u|fld0f ljsf; ;+:yfsL cWoIf lutf zdf{n] @)%) ;fn b]lv ;+:yfn] lg/Gt/ u|fld0f e]udf gful/sx?sf] hghLjg ;xh agfpg ljleGg sfo{qmd ul//x]sf] atfpg' eof] . …;+:yf :yfkgf b]lv g} a] y fGrf] s nufotsf kflnsfx?df vfg]kfgL, lzIff, jftfj/0f tyf s[lif kz'kfngsf If]qdf sfo{ ePsf] 5Ú–cWoIf zdf{n] eGg'eof]–…ljleGg bft[ lgsfo;Fusf] ;dGjo tyf g] k fnsf tLg txs} ;/sf/;Fusf] ;xsfo{df sfe|]knf~rf]s, ;f]n'v'Da', eQk'/, bf]nvf, u'NdL, uf]vf{, nlntk'/ nufotsf lhNnfdf e'sDk tyf sf]/f]gfsf] ljkbsf] cj:yfdf ;d]t gful/sx?sf] lxtdf sfo{ ePsf] 5 .Ú a]yfGrf]ssf ljleGg j8fx?df clxn] ;+rflnt sfo{qmdx?n] u|fld0f :t/sf gful/x?sf] b}lgs hLjgofkgdf yk ;xh ePsf] dx;'; ul/Psf] cWoIf zdf{n] atfpg' eof] . @)&* a}zfv ! ut] :yfkgf ePsf] pQm ;xsf/Ldf ! xhf/ & ;b:o 5g\ . @* nfv *^ xhf/ # ;o z]o/ k'FhL, @^ nfv @

xhf/ @ ;o @$ s'n art, #$ nfv $) xhf/ kF'hLut cg'bfg u/L (^ nfv !@ xhf/ ! ;o ** s'n sf/f]jf/ u/]sf] ;+:yfn] ^) nfv #@ xhf/ # ;o #) C0f !) k|ltzt Aofhdf nufgL u/]sf] 5 . u|fld0f ljsf; ;+:yf dfkm{t $! 3/ w'/Ldf ! xhf/ af]6 lsjL, ^( 3/ w'/Ldf !^ ;o af]6 sfutL, #!

3/ w'/Ldf #!) af]6 cf]v/sf lj?jf ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 . cuf{lgs t/sf/L pTkfbgsf nflu cfO{lkPd s[ifs kf7zfnf ;+rfng u/L h}ljs ljiffbL pTkfbgsf nflu cfjZos kg{] tflnd k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . kz'kfngsf nflu % xhf/ 3fF;sf lj?jf ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 . xfltkfO{n], uf]jg, lgdf/f], xf8]cf]v/, lh/f nufotsf 3fF;sf lj?jfx? pknAw u/fO{Psf] 5 . ;b:ox?nfO{ #% j6f Knfl:6s 6g]n, $@ j6f uf]7 ;'wf/, ^) 3/w'/Ldf s/];faf/L lgdf{0f, $ 3/df uf]a/UofF;, :yfoL kfgL kf]v/L dfkm{t ^) /f]kgL hldg l;+rfO{sf] sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . h;af6 @) 3/ kl/jf/ nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ . hnjfo' cg's'ng sfo{qmd a]yfGrf]ssf ljleGg j8fdf ;+rfng ePsf 5g\ . rf/ jif{df ufpFkflnsfsf $ ;o (& 3/ w'/L k|ToIf k|efljt x'g] u/L sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] u|fld0f ljsf; ;+:yfsf sfo{sf/L lgb{]zs l8Pg ltdlN;gfn] atfpg' eof] . ;+:yfsL /rgf >]i7n] dlxnfx?sf] cfly{s zzlQms/0fdf 9'jfgL ;jf/L dxTjk"0f{ x'g] atfpg' eof] . pTkflbt t/sf/L tyf kmnkm'n l;w} ahf/df k'¥ofpFbf ljrf}lnofaf6 7lug] 8/ klg gx'g'sf ;fy} gubd} sf/f]jf/ ug{ ;xh ePsf] atfpg' eof] . ljrf}lnofn] ;fdfg vl/b ubf{ pBf/f] n}hfg], sltko cj:yfdf ;fdfgsf] plrt d'No klg glbg] / ;fdfg nu] kl5 k};f klg glbg] cj:yfsf] cGTo x'g] >]i7n] atfpg' eof] . ;+:yfsL ;+rfns kfj{lt ;fksf]6fn] pTkflbt ;fdfu|LnfO{ ahf/Ls/0f ug{, t/sf/Lsf] a]gf{ pTkfbgsf nflu g;{/L lgdf{0f ug{, ;fd'bflos ljp a}ssf] :yfkgf ug{, 1fg / l;ksf] tflnd k|bfg ug{, dlxnf ls;fgx?sf nflu Aoj;foLs v]lt lj:tf/ ug{, ljkGg dlxnfx?nfO{ cfTdlge{/ agfpg, g]t[Tj tyf AolQmTjsf] ljsf; ug{, t/sf/L tyf kmnkm'nsf nflu lzte08f/ :yfkgf u/L gd'gf ufpF agfpg cfjZos ;xof]usf] ck]Iff ul/Psf] atfpg' eof] .

To:t} dGqL dGqL k|mfGh k]mof]6n] sk]/ cfwf/e't ljBfno a]yfGrf]s % sfdL8fF8fsf] gj lgld{t ejgsf] cjnf]sg ug{' ePsf] lyof] . @)&@ a}zfv

!@ ut]sf] e'sDkn] ljBfnosf] ejg Ifltu|:t eP klg k'g{lgdf{0f ePsf] lyPg . ! s/f]8 @& nfv *) xhf/ vr{ ePsf] pQm ejg ufpFkflnsf, j8f sfof{no / u|fld0f ljsf; ;+:yfsf] ;+of]hgdf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] xf] . b'O{ tNnfsf] ^ sf]7] klSs ejg lgdf{0f eP;Fu} afnaflnsfx?nfO{ lzIff k|fKtLsf nflu ;xh ePsf] 5 . …ejg aGb}df lzIff u'0f:t/ x'G5 eGg] xf]O{gÚ– ;+:yfsf sfo{sf/L lgb{]zs l8Pg ltdlN;gfn] eGg'eof]–…gd"gf ljBfno lgdf{ 0 fsf nflu lzIfs, cleefjs, ljBfyL{ / :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'g' k5{ .Ú a]yfGrf]s ufpFkflnsfdf u|fld0f ljsf; ;+:yfn] ;fdflhs kl/rfng dfkm{ t dlxnf zzlQms/0f, ;xsf/Laf6 pTkflbt t/sf/L 9'jfgLsf nflu ahf/Ls/0fdf ;xh xf]; eGg] pb]Zon] ;jf/L ;fwgsf] pknAwtf, afnaflnsfx?sf] ;jf{lË0f ljsf;sf nflu ljBfnodf 6\ofjn]6 ljt/0f, hnjfo' cg's'ng ljleGg sfo{qmd ;+rfng tyf uf]7 ;'wf/, kfgL kf]v/L nufotsf lgdf{0f sfo{ ul/Psf] ltdlN;gfn] atfpg' eof] . sfo{qmddf nShDju{sf nflu g]kfn k| l tlglw /d] z Tjogf, a] y fGrf] s ufpFkflnsf lgj{tdfg cWoIf k|]daxfb'/ ltdlN;gf, j8f cWoIfx?, ljleGg ljBfnosf lzIfs tyf ljBfyL{x?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

To:t} dGqL k|mfGh k]mof]6n] kfj{tL dfWolds ljBfnodf cWoog ug{] k|fylds txsf ^ b]lv !) jif{ pd]/ ;d'xsf afnaflnsfx?sf nflu cWoog ug{ ;xh xf];\ eGg] pb]Zon] x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] 6\ofjn]6 / To;af6 x'g] pknAwLsf af/]df hfgsf/L lng' ePsf] 5 . nShDju{sf k|ltlglwx?n] kfj{tL dfWolds ljBfno a]yfGrf]sdf cWoog ug{] afnaflnsfx?sf nflu * yfg 6\ofjn]6 pknAw u/fPsf lyP . …xfd|f] b]zdf of] 6\ofjn]6df ePsf] Pk k|of]u u/]/ w]/} afnaflnsfx?sf] l;sfO{ ;xh aGof]Ú– k|ltlglw k|mfGsf]n] eGg'eof]–…g]kfndf klg afnaflnsfx?sf] l;sfO{ ;xh xf];\ eGg] pb]Zon] ^ jif{ b]lv !) jif{ pd]/ ;d'xsf afnaflsnfx?sf] k| o f] u sf nflu 6\ofjn]6sf dfWodaf6 pQm Pk k|of]u pknAw u/fO{Psf] xf] .Ú afnaflnsfx?nfO{ sIff sf]7fdf cWoogsf] ;dodf 6\ofjn]6 k|of]u u/]/ Pksf] dfWodaf6 ul0ft lzIffnfO{ k|ljlw d}qL ?kdf lzIf0f ug{ ;xh x'g] k|wfgfWofks uf]ljGb zdf{n] atfpg' eof] . ! ;o #) hgf afnaflnsfx?n] 6\ofjn]6 k|of]u ug{] 5g\ .

jif{ @( c+s @* @)*) j}zfv @* ut] ljxLjf/

;z:q k|x/L an, sfe|]n] dgfof] @! cf} :yfkgf lbj;

kfFrvfn÷;z:q k|x/L an, g]kfn gDj/ !% u0f x]8Sjf6/, kfFrvfn gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ # s'/s'/]8fF8f sfe|]knf~rf]ssf] @! cf} :yfkgf lbj; ljljw sfo{qmdsf ;fy dgfO{Psf] 5 . ;z:q k|x/L an, g]kfn gDj/ ( kz'kltgfy aflxgL d'Vofno anDj', sf7df8f}sf zz:q k|x/L al/i7 pkl/Ifs ljgf]b/fh >]i7sf] k|d'v cfltYotdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . …;z:q k|x/L ansf] :yfkgfsf] pb]Zo cg';f/ ;d'bfo / /fi6«sf nflu dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5Ú– zz:q k|x/L al/i7 pkl/Ifs ljgf]b/fh >]i7n] eGg'eof]–…d'n'ssf x/]s ljkb tyf ;+s6x?df d'Vo e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5 . gful/sx?sf] lhp Hofgsf] /Iff tyf /fi6«sf] ;'/Iff ;+j]bglzntfdf ;d]t dxTjk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L lgjf{x u/]sf] 5 .Ú u0f / u0fdf sfo{/t ;z:q k|x/L d'n'sdf cfO{ kg{] x/]s ;d:ofdf gfuls/x?sf] kIfdf pleg' kg{] zz:q k|x/L al/i7 pkl/Ifs ljgf]b/fh >]i7n] atfpg' eof] . sfo{qmddf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L k'0oljqmd kf}8]nn] ljutdf ;z:q k|x/Ln] v]n]sf] e"ldsf ;Xflgo /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . …;+s6 Aoj:yfkg tyf ljkb Go"lgs/0f / ljkbdf k/]sfx?sf] p2f/ tyf k'g{lgdf{0fdf v]n]sf] e"ldsfn] gful/sx?sf] lhp Hofg arfPsf] 5Ú–k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L k'0oljqmd kf}8]nn] eGg'eof]–…gful/sx?sf] kIfdf lg/Gt/ ;lqmo x'Fb} cAan x'g' cfjZos 5 .Ú sfo{qmddf ;z:q k|x/L an, g]kfn gDj/ !% u0f x]8Sjf6/af6

;KtfxAofkL sfo{qmddf ;xeflux?nfO{ ;Ddfg tyf k'/:s[t ul/Psf] lyof] . ;KtfxAofkL sfo{qmd cGt{ut /Qmbfg, a[Iff/f]k0f, ljkb Aoj:yfkg ;DjGwL ljBfno :t/df hgr]tgf d'ns sfo{qmd, r08]Zj/L dlGb/df ;/;kmfO{, cltl/Qm s[ofsnfkx?sf] k|lt:kwf{ u/fPsf] lyof] . ;f]lx k|lt:kwf{df pTs[i6x?, k"j{ k|x/Lsf kl/jf/, ;xof]uLx? tyf sfof{nodf pTs[i6x?nfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . ljljw ;fF:s[lts sfo{qmd ;lxt cfof]hgf ul/Psf] sfo{qmddf ;z:q k|x/L ann] ljleGg ;dodf u/] s f dxTjk" 0 f{ sfo{qmdx?sf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fO{Psf] lyof] . ;z:q k|x/L an, g]kfn gDj/ !% u0f x]8Sjf6/ sfe|]sf k|d'v P;kL cRo'tk|;fb dhu}ofn] :yfkgf b]lv xfn;Dd ljleGg :yfgdf /x]/ u/]sf sfo{x?sf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] . ;z:q k|x/L an, g]kfn gDj/ !% u0f x]8Sjf6/ @)%* ;fn r}q # ut] dGqLkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{oaf6 :yfkgf ePsf] lyof] . b]lj sfln~rf]s eujlt dftfsf] gfdfs/0faf6 @)%( a}zfv @$ ut] lrtjgdf :yfkgf ePsf] pQm u0f @)^) ebf} !# ut] sf7df8f}sf] lslt{k'/df :yfgfGt/0f ePsf] lyof] . @)^@ ;fn k'if @& ut] ;f]lx :yfgaf6 k'gM rf]ef/ sLlt{k'/df :yfgfGt/0f ePsf] u0f @)&^ a}zfv !^ ut] b]lv sfe|]sf] kfFrvfndf :yfgfGt/0f ePsf] lyof] . lhNnfdf x'g] x/]s ljkb\ tyf ;+s6df ;z:q k|x/L ann] v]n]sf] e"ldsf ;Xflgo /x]sf] ;xeflux?n] atfPsf 5g\ .

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led;]g artsf cWoIf s[i0frGb| knf~rf]s]sf] wd{kTgL nIdLb]jL knf~rf]ss ] f] cNkfo"d} c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f} . zDe'k|;fb kf}8]n ;'lbk /+lht slj/s'df/ /+lht ljZjlht >]i7

/fd;'Gb/ >]i7 /fdk|;fb ;'jfn h]lgz nfdf /fh' kf}8]n

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‘e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fdf gof“ vfnsf] n8f“O{’–k|wfgdGqL dxfef/t, j'9fvfgL÷k|wfgdGqL k'iksdn bfxfn …k|r08Ú n] e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf nflu gofF vfnsf] n8fFO{ z'? ePsf] atfpg' ePsf] 5 . …hgo'4df hgtfn] h;/L ;fy lbg' eof] To;/L g} e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fdf ;fy lbg' x'g] ck]Iff u/] s f] 5' Ú –k| w fgdGqL bfxfnn] eGg'eof]–…e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf nflu ;a} If]qsf] ;fy cfjZos 5 .Ú sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfsf] lj6s kflnsf dxfef/tdf ;8s lzNofGof; tyf ljB'Qsf] s]lGb|o k|;f/0f nfO{g dfkm{t ! xhf/ % ;o 3/df aNg yfn]sf] ljh'nL alQsf] pb\3f6g ug{ a'9fvfgLsf] lsNnf k'Ug' ePsf k|wfgdGqL bfxfnn] e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f u/L d'n'sdf ;'zf;g sfod ug{] k|ltj4tf AoQm ug{' eof] . cf;Gg ef/t e|d0fdf ljB'Q pTkfbg / k|;f/0fsf af/]df ;Demf}tf x'g] atfpFb} k|wfgdGqL bfxfnn] b'O{ jif{df k"0f{ ?kdf g]kfnsf ;a} al:t / 3/w'/Ldf ljh'nL k'¥ofO{;Sg] nIo /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . k|wfgdGqL bfxfnn] cfkm'n] ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj u/] nuQ} ljutdf ckdfg ul/Psf, kl5 kfl/Psf If]q / AolQmsf xsdf sfd z'? u/]sf] atfpFb} s0ff{nL, ;'b'/klZrd h:t} dxfef/t / vflgvf] n fnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fv]/ sfd ug{] atfpg' eof] . …vflgvf]nf k'Ug] vf]kf;L tfN9'+Ëuf ;8s, Rofd|fËa]zL ;8s, dxfef/tsf ;a} ;8s / sf]vfhf]/ vf]nfdf ljB'Q pTkfbgsf nflu ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 cfjZos ;xof]u x'g] 5Ú–k|wfgdGqL bfxfnn] eGg'eof]–…afudlt k|b]z ;/sf/ tyf :yfgLo b'O{ kflnsf vflgvf]nf / dxfef/tn] z' ? u/] s f] hgd' l Qm nf]sdfu{sf] sfo{nfO{ yk k|fyldstf lbg] 5f}+ .Ú kfFr jif{ leq ljsf; / ;'zf;g x]g{ ko{6sx? dxfef/t / vflgvf]nf cfpg]

u/L sfo{ ug{ ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 ;dGjo x'g] k|wfgdGqLn] atfpg' eof] . sfo{ q mddf ufpF k flnsf cWoIf sfG5fnfn lhDafn] @)&$ df a'emfPsf ufpFkflnsfsf cfjZostfnfO{ ;+3 / k|b]z ;/sf/n] k|fyldstfdf /flvlbPsf]df wGojfb lbb} cfufdL lbgdf kflnsfnfO{ ;d[4 agfpg dxTjk"0f{ ;xof]usf] ck]Iff /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . dxfef/t ufpFkflnsf k|b]z leqs} sd a]?h' ePsf] kflnsfsf ?kdf lrlgPsf] 5 . z'zf;gsf lx;fjn] klg ufpFkflnsfn] u/]sf] sfo{nfO{ Wofgfsif{0f u/fpFb} ljs6tfnfO{ ;xh / ;/n agfpg ;8s, ljB'Q, lzIff, :jf:Yo / cGo k"jf{wf/df ltg txs} ;/sf/n] v]Ng] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ x'g] cWoIf lhDafn] atfpg' eof] . k'j{ /fHo dGqL Pj+ k|ltlglw ;ef If]q gDj/ ! ;f+;b ;'o{dfg bf]Ë …nfnWjhÚn] dxfef/tsf] ljsf;sf nflu s'g} s;'/ afFsL g/fVg] atfpg' eof] . afudtL k|b]z ;/sf/sf ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf; dGqL o'j/fh b'nfnn] dxfef/t / vflgvf]nf x'Fb} dsjfgk'/ hf]8\g] ;8snfO{ /fli6«o /fhdfu{sf ?kdf ljsf; u/L hgd'lQm nf]sdfu{ lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ k|f/De ul/Psf]

atfpg' eof] . dGqL b'nfnn] kl5Nnf] ;do ljrf/ / Aoj:yf dfyL g} cfqmd0f z'? ePsf] atfpg' eof] . k|ltlglw ;ef ;f+;b ?s' rf}nfufO{n] hgo'4df AoQm u/]sf ;a} k|ltj4tfx? qmdz k'/f ul/b} hfg] atfpg' eof] . afdutL k|b]z ;ef ;f+;b tyf k' j { dGqL /Tg 9sfnn] ljs6 kflnsfx?nfO{ k|b]z ;/sf/nfO{ dxTjsf ;fy lnPsf] atfpg' eof] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt sfe|]sf k|d'v lbkss'df/ uf}tdn] ljsf;n] cWFof/f] 8f8Ffkf/LnfO{ pHofnf] agfpg] cleofgnfO{ ;dGjo ul/g] atfpg' eof] . k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L k'0oljqmd kf}8]nn] ;/sf/L ;]jf / zflGt ;'/Iffaf6 8f8Ffkf/LnfO{ kl5 kg{ glbO{g] atfpg' eof] . g]kfn ljB'Q k|flws/0fsf sfo{sf/L lgb{]zs s'ndfg l3l;Ën] ljB'Q pTkfbg, k|;f/0f / x/]s gful/ssf] 3/ 3/df ljh'nL k'¥ofpg] cleofgnfO{ lta|tf lbPsf] atfpg' eof] . sfo{qmddf t]dfn ufpkFflnsf cWoIf rGb|axfb'/ nfdf, vfgLvf]nf ufpkFflnsf cWoIf OGb|axfb'/ lyË, ufpkFflnsf pkfWoIf ;fu/ df]Qmfg, k|d'v k|zf;lso clws[t xl/ l;+ lji6, ljleGg /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx?sf] ;xeflutf lyof] .

cls{8n] u¥of] r08]Zj/L hfqfsf] gd'gf

k|b{zgL ag]kf÷cls{8 O{G6/g]Zgn Ps]8]dLn] ;F:sltsf] hu]gf{ tyf hfgsf/L lbgsf nfuL ag]kfdf dgfO{g] Pltxfl;s r08]Zj/L hfqfsf] gd'gf k|bz{gL u/]sf] 5 .

ljBfyL{x?nfO{ hfqfsf af/]df hfgsf/L lbgsf nfuL k|of]ufTds dfkm{t} r08]Zj/Ldf x'g] ;a} vfnsf ljlw / /y agfO{ ljBfnodf k|b{zgL ul/Psf] lk|lG;kn clgtf k|hfkltn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

ljBfnon] k9fO{ ;Fu} Aoaxfl/s lzIff lbb} cfPsf] / xfd|f ;+:s[lt / ;Dkbfsf af/]df hfgsf/L lbb} cfPsf] k|hfkltn] atfpg' eof] . k|bz{gLdf ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf k'sf/ s0f{lhtn] wd{, ;F:s[lt / ;F:sf/sf af/]df gofF lkF9Ln] yfxf kfpg'kg{] ePsfn] r08]Zj/L hfqfsf] dlxdfsf] af/]df k|bz{gL b]vfPsf] atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmddf cleefjs, ljBfyL{, lzIfs nufotsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . ljBfnon] o;cl3 klg z}lIfs k|b{zgL, cfdf–a'afsf] d'v x]g{], /f]kfO{ dxf]T;j, h:tf Aoaxfl/s lzIff k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] k|hfkltn] atfpg' eof] . ljBfnodf dG6]Zj/L b]vL sIff ^ ;Dd cWofkg u/fpb} cfPsf] 5 .

ag]kfdf /x]sf ;xsf/Lx?sf] cg'udg x'g]

ag]kf÷ag]kf gu/kflnsfn] gu/leq sfo{If]q /x]sf ;xsf/Lx?sf] cg'udg ug]{ ePsf] 5 . ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;xeflutfdf gu/kflnsfdf cfof]lht cGtlqm{of sfo{qmddf gu/ k|d'v zflGt/Tg zfSon] ag]kf gu/kflnsfnfO{ sfo{If]q agfPsf ;a} ;xsf/Lsf] cg'udg ug]{

hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . kl5Nnf] ;do ;xsf/Ldf b]vf k/]sf] ;d:of / ;dfwfgsf] pkfo vf]Hg cg'dg ug{ nfluPsf] pxfFn] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . lj1 ;lxtsf] cg'udg 6f]nLn] ;xsf/Lsf] z]o/ k'FhL, ;+rfns ;ldlt, lgoldt ;fwf/0f ;ef÷eP gePsf] nufotsf] ljifodf cWoog ug]{ pk–k|d'v ljdnf ;fksf]6fn] atfpg'eof] .

sfo{qmddf k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t lzjk|;fb x'dfufFO{n] ;xsf/LnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ cg'udg ;'? ug{ nfu]sf] hfgsf/L lbg'ePsf] 5 . k|zf;sLo clws[t w|'j/fh g]kfnn] ;xsf/Lx? ;+s6 u|:t /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . ;xsf/Lx? ;xeflutf d'ns gePsf] pxfFsf] ts{ 5 . ;xsf/LnfO{ Jojl:yt / lgoldt ug{sf] nflu cg'ug dxTjk'0f{ x'g] pxfFsf] egfO{ 5 . ag]kf gu/kflnsf / lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3sf] ;dGjodf cg'udg x'g nfu]sf] xf] . kl5Nnf] ;do ;xsf/L km/f/ /x]sf], z]o/ ;b:osf] art lkmtf{ ug{ g;s]sf], ;xsf/Lsf] l;4fGt / ljwfg cg';f/ grn]sf] u'gf;f] cfPkl5 gu/kflnsfn] cg'udg ug{ nfu]sf] gu/kflnsfsf ;xsf/L zfvf k|d'v lbg]zs'df/ kf]v/]nn] atfpg'eof] . gu/kflnsfn] cg'udgdf ;3fpg ;a}nfO{ cfu|x ;d]t u/]sf] 5 .

jif{ @( c+s @* @)*) j}zfv @* ut] ljxLjf/

dxfef/tdf k|wfgdGqLåf/f ;8s lzNofGof; !& lsdL ;8snfO{ ^! s/f]8 a9'vfgL, dxfef/t÷lhNnfsf] ljs6 kflnsf dxfef/tsf] bl]j6f/ kU'g] ;8s lku+ynL /hjf; el"drn ' L a9'fvfgL bl]j6f/ v08sf] !& lsnfl]d6/ nfdf] ;8s kw|fgdGqL ki'ksdn bfxfnn] lzNofGof; ug'{ ePsf] 5 . afudlt kb|z ] ;/sf/n] (( s/f8] /sd ljlgofh ] g u/s ] f] pQm ;8s ^) s/f8] (^ nfvdf lgdf0{f ;Demft}f ePsf] 5 . k"jf{wf/ ljsf; sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]s dfkm{t lgdf{0f x'g]5 . !& lsdL ;8s lgdf{0fsf nflu ^) s/f]8 (^ nfv &! xhf/ ^ ;o !( ?k}ofsf] nfutdf ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . @)*) a}zfv !( ut] ;Demf}tf ePsf] pQm ;8ssf] lzNofGof; k|wfgdGqL k'iksdn bfxfnn] ug{' ePsf] xf] . @)*@ sflt{s !( ut];Dd #) dlxgf leq lgdf{0f sfo{ ;Sg] u/L afudlt k|b]z ;/sf/n] ;Gtf]ifL wd{ h]eL;uF ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . …e'd]r'nL–a'9fvfgL–ltgv'§] ;8s sfnf]kq] ;lxtsf nflu (( s/f]8 /sd ljlgof]hg ePsf] lyof] . ^) s/f]8 (^ nfvdf ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . ltgv'§] b]lj6f/ ;8ssf nflu $( s/f]8 /sd ljlgof]hg ePsf] 5 eg] b]lj6f/ uf]s'n] ;8ssf nflu $* s/f]8 /sdsf] >f]t

;'lglZrt ePsf] 5Ú–ufpkFflnsf cWoIf sfG5fnfn lhDafn] eGg'eof]–…lgdf{0f Aoj;foLx?n] ljlgof]hg ah]6df sd b/df ;Demf}tf ug{] clg ;dodf sfd ;DkGg gubf{ dxfef/taf;Lx?n] vf]h]sf] ljsf; k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ .Ú (( s/f]8sf] ah]6df ^) s/f]8 (^ nfvdf ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 eg] $( s/f]8sf] ah]6sf] ;8sdf @$ s/f]8df ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . ltgv'§] – b]lj6f/;Ddsf] *=& lsnf]ld6/ klSs ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{ cnkq eP kl5 ufpF k flnsfn] k6s k6s k| b ] z dGqfnonfO{ ;dod} lgdf{0f ;DkGgsf nflu kq n]Vb} cfPsf] lyof] . pQm ;8ssf] cjwL b'O{ jif{ ;DkGg eP/ k'gM csf{] jif{ yk x'bFf ;d]t ;dod} lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . afudlt k|b]z ;/sf/sf ef}lts k"jf{wf/ dGqL o'j/fh b'nfnn], lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt k|d'v lbks uf}td, k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L k'0oljqmd kf}8]n nufotn] pQm ;8s ;dod} lgdf{0f sfo{ ;Sg lgb{]zg lbb} eO{/x]sf sfo{sf] cg'udg ug{' ePsf] lyof] . …sfe|]sf] /f]zL ufpkFflnsf /

d+un6f/ l:yt ljkL /fhdfu{af6 dxfef/t / vfGfLvf]nf ufpkFflnsf xb'F} dsjfgk'/sf] em'/em'/] l:yt dbge08f/L nf]sdfu{ hf]8\g] u/L hgd'lQm dfu{ lgdf{0f ul/g]5Ú–ef}lts k'jf{wf/ dGqL b'nfnn] eGg'eof]–…pQm dfu{sf nflu # cj{ ?k}ofF nfUg] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . cfufdL cfly{s jif{af6 g} sfd ;'? ug]{ u/L ah]6 ljlgof]hg x'g]5 .Ú dxfef/t ufpkFflnsfsf tLg v08 lgdf{0fsf] qmddf /x]sf] tyf /f]zL ufpkFflnsfsf] csf{] v08 rfn' jif{af6} k|f/De x'g] ePsfn] vflgvf]nfaf6 dsjfgk'/sf] ef]n{]gLdf hf]8\g] k'n lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ ;lsgf;fy ;8s ;~hfn ;+rfngdf cfpg] pxfn F ] atfpg' eof] . pQm ;8ssf] nDafO{ (# lsnf]ld6/ x'g]5 . dfcf]jfbLsf] hgo'4 z'? ePsf] olt nfdf] ;do kl5 dfcf]jfbL g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/n] pQm ;8snfO{ hgd'lQm gfdfsf/0f u/L ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug{ nfu]sf] xf] . dxfef/t ufpFkflnsfsf] tLgv'6\6]–b]jL6f/ ;8s sfnf]kq]sf] of]hgf # jif{df klg k'/f gePsf] u'gf;f] u/]sf lyP . tLgv'6\6]df lgdf{0fflwg klSs k'nsf] klg pNn]Vo sfd ePsf] 5}g .

7]s]bf/sf] nfk/afxLn] ;dod} sfd ;DkGg x'g g;s]sf] :yfgLosf] u'gf;f]nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{] k|wfgdGqL k'iksdn bfxfnn] atfpg' eof] .

dxfef/tsf !% ;o 3/df ljh'nL dxfef/t÷k|wfgdGqL k'iksdn bfxfnn] dxfef/t ufpFkflnsfsf] j8f gDj/ #,$,% / ^ gDj/ j8fdf s]lGb|o ljB'Q k|;f/0f nfO{g z'ef/De ug{' ePsf] 5 . dxfef/t ufpFkflnsfdf klxnf] k6s s]lGb|o k|;f/0f nfO{g z'? ul/Psf] xf] . j8f gDj/ #, $ / % j8fsf ! xhf/ % ;o 3/df alQ an]sf] 5 . hgtf;Fu ul/Psf ;a} afrf qmdz k'/f ul/b} nlug] k|wfgdGqL k'iksdn bfxfnn] atfpg' eof] . @)&$ df ;DkGg :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rg cl3;Dd g]kfn ljB'Q k|flws/0fsf] s]G›Lo k|;f/0f nfO{gsf] ;Dks{df g/x]sf dxfef/t / vflgvf]nf ufpFkflnsfsf ;j{;fwf/0f klxnf] k6s ljh'nL alQsf] pHofnf]df a:g kfpg] ePsf x'g\ . …@)&$ ;fndf xfdL lgjf{lrt eP nuQ} g]skf dfcf]jfbL s]G›sf cWoIf tyf k'j{ k|wfgdGqL k'iksdn bfxfn, g]skfaf6 lgjf{lrt lhNnfsf ;f+;bx? dxfef/t k'¥ofP/ 8fF8fkf/Lsf ;d:of lnlka4 u/]/ a'emfof}+Ú– ufpFkflnsf cWoIf sfG5fnfn lhDafn] eGg'eof]–…dxfef/t / vflgvf]nfaf;LnfO{ alQsf] cWof/f]af6 pHofnf] agfpg] cleofgdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] ! ca{ %^ s/f]8 /sd ljlgof]hg u/L sfo{ k|f/De u¥of] . /sd ck'u ePsf sf/0f cw'/f] /x]sf cfof]hgf ;dfkg ug{ k'gM #) s/f]8 /sd ljlgof]hg ePsf] 5 .Ú dxfef/t ufpFkflnsfsf] j8f gDa/ # kmf]lS;Ë6f/, j8f gDj/ $ / % a'9fvfgLsf ;a} 3/df alQ aNg] u/L sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . …ufpkFflnsfn] 3/df h8fg ug]{ ld6/ vl/bsf nflu Ps xhf/ cg'bfg pknAw u/fPsf] 5Ú–ufpkFflnsf cWoIf sfG5fnfn lhDafn] eGg'eof]–…afs F L /sd :j+o 3/wgLn] Aoxf]g]{ u/L # j6f j8fsf nflu ! xhf/ % ;o 3/w'/Lsf nflu ld6/

k'u]sfn] alQ an]sf] 5 .Ú s]G›Lo k|;f/0f nfO{g dxfef/tsf ;a} j8fdf k'lu;s]sf] 5 . clxn] zfvf nfO{g lj:tf/sf] sfo{ clGtd r/0fdf k'u]sf] j8f gDj/ ! sf cWoIf Pj+ ufpkFflnsf k|jQmf sfG5fdfg lhDafn] atfpg' eof] . olx jif{ leq ;a} 3/df ljh'nL alQ afln;Sg] u/L ufpkFflnsfn] of]hgf cl3 a9fPsf] pxfn F ] atfpg' eof] . j8f gDa/ ^ / & df lgdf{0f sfo{ clGtd r/0fdf k'u]sf] 5 eg] j8f gDj/ !, @ / * df wdfwd sfo{ eO{/x]sf] 5 . s]lG›o k|;f/0f nfO{g gePsf sf/0f dxfef/tdf pBf]u snsf/vfgf ;+rfng x'g ;s]sf lyPgg . n3' hnljB'Q, ;f]nf/ tyf cGo a}slNks pkfoaf6 /ftsf] ;dodf pHofnf] b]lvg] u/]sf] lyof] . e'sDk kl5 ;f]nf/sf] k|of]u a9]sf] lyof] . To; cl3 n3' hnljB'Q cfof]hgf ;+rfng eP klg lbuf] ?kdf ;+rfng x'g ;s]sf lyPgg\ . df]jfO{n 6fcf]/sf nflu klg ;f]nf/sf sf/0f c;xh ePsf] lyof] . 3fd gnfu]sf] ;dodf df]jfO{n g]6js{ x'Fb}g lyof] eg] :yfgLox?nfO{ cGo sfo{sf nflu alQ gx'Fbf c;xh ePsf] :yfgLo /]zd af]Dhgn] atfpg' eof] . …alQ cfP kl5 w]/}

;d:of ;dfwfg x'g] cfzf knfPsf] 5Ú–pxfFn] eGg'eof]–…alQsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg x'Fbf w]/} s'/f ;xh x'G5 .Ú dxfef/t ufpFkflnsfdf # xhf/ # ;o 3/ w'/L 5g\ . ;a} 3/df ljh'nL, vfg]kfgL k'¥ofpg] u/L sfo{ eO{/x]sf] ufpFkflnsf k|d'v k|zf;lso clws[t xl/l;+ lji6n] atfpg' eof] . ljs6 ePsf sf/0f w]/} s'/fsf] cefj ePsfn] :yfgLo ;/sf/ lgjf{lrt eP kl5 ljsf;sf cfwf/e't cfjZostf k'/f x'g yfn]sf] pxfFn] atfpg' eof] . lah'nL pb\3f6g / ;8s lzNofGof; sfo{qmddf k|wfgdGqL;Fu} k'j{ /fHo dGqL Pj+ k|ltlglw ;ef If]q gDj/ ! ;f+;b ;'o{dfg bf]Ë …nfnWjhÚ, afudtL k|b]z ;/sf/sf ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf; dGqL o'j/fh b'nfn, k|ltlglw ;ef ;f+;b ?s' rf}nfufO{, afdutL k|b]z ;ef ;f+;b tyf k'j{ dGqL /Tg 9sfn, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt k|d'v lbkss'df/ uf}td, k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L k'0oljqmd kf}8]n, g]kfn ljB'Q k|flws/0fsf sfo{sf/L lgb{]zs s'ndfg l3l;Ë, t]dfn ufpFkflnsf cWoIf rGb|axfb'/ nfdf, vfgLvf]nf ufpFkflnsf cWoIf OGb|axfb'/ lyË, ufpFkflnsf pkfWoIf ;fu/ df]Qmfg nufotsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

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ag]kf÷!& cf}+ ztfAbLb]lv ;'? ePsf] ag]kfsf] P]ltxfl;s hfqfsf] /y ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ag]kfsf] tLgwf/faf6 z'? ePsf] vfnL /y r08]Zj/L k'¥ofP kl5 b]jtf /fv]/ kmsf{pg] rng 5 . x/]s aif{ a}zfv k"l0f{dfsf lbg dgfpg] pQm hfqf a}zfv @@ ut] cf}krfl/s ?kdf z'? ePsf] lyof]] . gu/kflnsf k|d'v zflGt/Tg zfSon] hfqfsf] Aoj:yfkg ;xh ?kn] ul/Psf] atfpg' eof] . @)&^ / @)&& ;fndf sf]le8sf sf/0f hfqf :ylut ePsf] lyof] . !& cf} ztfAbL b]lv z'? ePsf] r08]Zj/Lsf] hfqf :yutLt ePsf] klxnf] 36gf lyof] . r08]Zj/L hfqfsf] vfnL /y a'4 k"l0f{dfsf lbg r08]Zj/L dfO{sf] dlGb/df k'¥ofO{ ef]lnkN6 r08]Zj/L dlGb/af6 b]ptf /fv]/ kmsf{O{G5 . gu/kflnsfn] hfqfsf] cj;/ kf/L

;fj{hlgs ljbf lbb} cfPsf] 5 . x/]s jif{ j}zfv z'Snr08L k"l0f{dfsf] lbg ag]kfsf] & ufpFn] dgfpFb} cfPsf] cf/fWob]jL r08]Zj/Lsf] P]ltxfl;s hfqfdf ljleGg If]qsf AolQmx?sf] ;xeflutf /xg] u/]sf] lyof] . xhf/f} AolQn] hfqfsf] cjnf]sg u/]sf 5g\ . hfqfdf agfO{g] /ydf kfFu|f x'Fb}g, tfGg] klg xf]Og . o;nfO{ sfFwdf af]lsG5 . /y hfqf ;'? ePb]lv g} ahf/sf bfFof–afofFsf 3/sf ‰ofnaf6 k"hf ug]{, r6fd/L r9fpg] rng 5 . r08]Zj/L hfqfdf b'O{ lbg /y n}hfg] / kmsf{pg] ul/Psf] 5 . hfqfsf] klxnf] lbg k"l0f{dfsf] laxfg} b]lv cf/fWob]jL r08]Zj/Ldf eQmhgx?sf] eL8 nfU5 . klxnf] lbg lr/fu afn]/ ag]kfsf] nfos'af6 r08]Zj/L x'Fb} hn]Zj/;Dd k'u]/ la;{hg ul/G5 . hfqfdf lr/fu k"hfnfO{ dMtk"hf gfdn] sf]

lrlgG5 . o;nfO hfqf ;'? ePsf] dflgG5 . of] k"hfaf6 hn]Zj/ dxfb]jn] dgsf] OR5f k"/f ul/lbg] hgljZjf; 5 . pQm lbg lgM;Gtfg, afFemf]kg ePsf / ue{ktg ePsf dlxnfx?n] :gfg uof]{ eg] csf]{ k6s ue{ /xg] ljZjf; ul/G5 . k"hfcfhfsf] ;fydf lwd]jfhf cGo afhfufhfsf ;fy ;a} xiff]{pNnf;n] /y af]Sb} /dfpFb} lxF8\5g\ . ag]kfsf] nfos'af6 ;'? ePsf] /y r08]Zj/L;Dd k'¥ofO{G5 . hfFbf l/Qf] /ydf ef]lnkN6 r08Zj/Lsf] d"lt{ /fv]/ ag]kf ahf/ 3'dfOG5 . dlGb/ k|fªu0fdf k'u] kl5 Ps /ft /y ToxLF /xG5 . hfqf d'Vo ?kdf b'O{ lbg dfq dgfO{P klg hfqfsf] k"hf ;DaGw kmfu' k"l0f{dfsf] lbg b]lv hf]l8g cfpF5 . kmfu' k"l0f{dfsf] lbg r08]Zj/Ldf k'hf/Lsf] tkm{af6 r08]Zj/ dxfb]j / r08]Zj/Lsf] lgDtf] k"hf ug{'kg]{ rng 5 . ag]kfsf] 3f]u]rf}/sf] psfnf]df gla;fO{ /ynfO{ af]Sg'kg]{ x'G5 . of] a]nfdf ag] k f nufot cGo lhNnfsf :yfgLox?sf] hfqf x]g]{ eL8 w]/} x'g] u5{ .

3f]s]rf}/af6 cf]/fnf] nfu]/ e}/a s'08df k'u]kl5 /y x]g]{sf] eL8 cem} a9\5 . ToxfF b]jtfnfO{ :gfg u/fOG5 . ha /y ag]kf ahf/df lelqG5, 4f/] dfkm{t nzs'z k"hf ul/G5 . To; a]nf;Dd b]jLsf] d'v cg'xf/_ 9sgLn] 5f]k]sf] x'G5 . o; 7fFpdf k'u]kl5 ef]l5ef]ofsf b"w] afnsaf6 9sgL x6fO{ ag]kf ahf/ e/ w'dwfdsf ;fy /y hfqf ul/G5 . /y af]Sg]x?nfO{ lehfPsf] s]/fp, ljleGg kmnkm"n, lr;f] k]o kbfy{, ln

kgf}tL gu/kflnsfnfO{ !@ a'“b] 1fkgkq kgf}tL÷kgf}tL gu/sf ljleGg :yfgaf6 k|ltlglwTj u/]/ ;xefuL ePsf #$ hgf AolQmx?sf] e] n fn] gu/kflnsfsf ljleGg ljifodf !@ ab'F] 1fkg kq a'emfPsf] 5 . cfO{taf/ gu/kflnsf k|d'v /fdz/0f e08f/LnfO{ 1fkgkq a'emfO{Psf] ;xefuLx?sf tkm{af6 /fh' yfkfn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

1fkgkqdf pNn]v ePsf a'Fbfx?df P]ltxfl;s, wfld{s tyf k'/ftflTjs lx;fan] kgf}tL gu/kflnsfsf] gfd kl/jt{g ug{, P]ltxfl;s, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s, z}lIfs, ;fxfl;s tyf u|fdL0f ko{6sLo :yn agfpg kxn ug}, 5f8f rf}kfof, h+unL hgfj/ nufotsf] cft+s Go'lgs/0f tyf Aoa:yfkgdf plrt kxn ug{, s[ifssf] juL{s/0f ul/ jf:tljs s[ifsnfO{ s[ifs kl/rokq lat/0f ul/

l;+ r fO, dn Aoa:yfkg, s[ l ifdf a}1flglss/0f, :yfgLo aLp lahgsf] ;+/If0f, t/sf/L tyf kmnkm'nsf] plrt ahfl/s/0f tyf ;fgf Pj+ demf}nf ls;fgnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{, o'jf tyf v]ns'b, afnaflnsf tyf a[4a[4f, dlxnf, ckfË nufotnfO{ nlIft ul/ /f]huf/L, v]n d}bfg Aoa:yfkg, wfld{s e|d0f, dfgl;s tyf zf/Ll/s :jf:y kl/If0f, :yn Aoa:yfkg nufot sfo{ ug{, ;fd'bflos tyf lghL ljBfnosf] lg/LIf0f cg'udg ug]{, gu/ k|x/L lgdf{0f ul/ pBof]u wGbf, sn sf/vfgf, ;fj{hlgs :yn, ;fj{hlgs ;+/rgf, gbLgfnf, P]ltxfl;s w/f]x/ cflbsf] lgl/If0f Aoa:yfkg tyf clen]lvs/0f ug{ cg'/f]w ul/Psf] 5 . To:t} kmf]xf]/d}nfsf sf/0f gu/df /x]sf glbgfnf, uNnL–rf]s, wfld{s :yn nufotsf] bolgo cj:yfnfO{

dWogh/ ub}{ plrt sfg'gsf] Aoa:yf ug]{ / gu/n] glbdf ub}{ cfPsf] kmf]xf]/ 8lDkËsf] sfo{ tTsfn /f]ls ;l6{Ë, l/;fOsn tyf sDkf]:6 dnsf] pTkfbg ug]{, gu/sf] l;df laafb cGTo ul/ 3/ gDa/ btf{ sfo{ z'?jft ug]{, gjk|jt{g tyf cg';fGwfgsf nflu gu/kflnsf n] ah]6 Aoa:yfkg ug]{. /f:6«Lo cGt/fl:6«o ;DaGw sfod ug{ ;ldtL u7g ug]{, 1fkgkqsf] tTsfn ;'g'jfO ug]{ / slDtdf jif{df @ k6s x/]s j8fn] ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO cfof]hgf ug]{ tyf gu/ kl/ifbsf] Ph]08f hgtfnfO{ k'j{ hfgsf/L u/fO ;ef ;fj{hlgs :yndf ug]{ jf nfOe ug]{ nufotsf ljifo ;d]l6Psf] 5 . gu/ k|d'v e08f/Ln] gful/sx?sf] tkm{af6 p7fO{Psf ;jfnx?nfO{ gu/kflnsfn] cfjZos Aoj:yfkg / ;Daf]wg ug{] atfpg' ePsf] 5 .

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w'lnv]n÷w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ % l:yt >Lv08k'/sf gful/sx?n] hUuf gflk ePsf] $^ jif{ kl5 k"hf{ k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . ;f]daf/ gu/kflnsf k|d'v czf]s Aof~h'n] k'hf{ tof/ ePsf hUuf wgLx?nfO{ k'hf{ ljt/0f ug{' ePsf] 5 . …ls;fg cfGbf]ng, e/kfO{ cfGbf]ng u/]sf] >Lv08k'/sf s]lx gful/sx?n] /fhgLlts tyf cGo sf/0faf6 @)#$ ;fndf btf{ ePsf] hUufsf] k' h f{ k| f Kt ug{ ;s] s f lyPgg\Ú–gu/ k|d'v czf]s Aof~h'n] eGg' e of] – …@)%$ ;fndf lgjf{ l rt hgk| l tlglwx?n] k' h f{ gePsf hUufwgLx?nfO{ k'hf{ pknAw u/fpg] k|of; u/] klg ;Dej ePg . kl5 ag]kf, kgf}tL / w'lnv]nsf] l;df+sg ljjfb b]vfpFb} k'hf{ ljt/0f x'g ;s]g . @)^& ;fndf l8lh6n gfkL sfof{no dfkm{t k'gM gflk eP klg ljjfbsf sf/0f cl3 a9\g ;s]g . @)&$ ;fndf lgjf{lrt eP nuQ} z'? ePsf] k|of; ;fy{s ePsf] 5 .Ú …w'lnv]ndf gS;f kf; u/]sf] P;cf]P; afnu|fdn] kgf}tL n]Vg yfn]sf] 5,

w'lnv]ndf ag]sf :s'n / s]lx ejgx?n] kgf}tLdf gS;f kf; u/]sf 5g\Ú–gu/ k|d'v czf]s Aof~h'n] eGg'eof]–…w'lnv]n kgf}tL eGbf klxNo} gu/kflnsf 3f]if0ff eO{ sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf] xf] . ;/sf/n] uh]6df >Lv08k'/ k~rfotsf ;a} e'efu w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfdf /fv]sf] 5 . >Lv08k'/ k~rfot leq kg{] ;a} hldg w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] xf] . l;df+sg ljjfb u/]/ av]8f lgsfNg'sf] cy{ 5}g .Ú >Lv08k'/df @)#$ ;fndf gflk ePsf] @)& gDj/ lsQfsf] Pp6f Kn6df @* /f]kgL % cfgf hUuf 5 . …@)^^ ;fndf pQm hldgdf *% 3/ w'/L lyP . ! cfgf dfq} hldg x'g] gful/sx? klg 5g\ . Tolx hldgdf 3/ ag]sf] 5, ef]urng 5 t/ k'hf{ 5}gÚ–k'j{ j8f cWoIf ;d]t /x]sf k"0f{axfb'/ sdf{rfo{n] eGg'eof]–…hgk|ltlglwx? / :yfgLox?sf] lg/Gt/sf] ;+3{if kZrft $^ jif{ kl5 k'hf{ k|fKt ePsf] 5 . gful/sx? k'hf{ k|fKt eP kl5 v'zL ePsf 5g\ .Ú k'hf{ gx'Fbf ePsf] hldg klg crn lyof] . a}sdf /fv]/ uhf{] wfGg' kg{] cj:yfaf6 gful/sx? al~rt lyP eg] e'sDksf ;dodf klg { ljt/0f ug{]

k'g{lgdf{0fsf nflu ;Demf}tfsf nflu k'hf{ clgjfo{ ul/Fbf nfdf] ;do cg'bfgaf6 ;f]lx If]qsf gful/s al~rt lyP . :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] ljz]if lg0f{o / kxndf gful/sx?n] e'sDk kl5sf] k'g{lgdf{0f ug{ ;Dej ePsf] gu/ k|d'v Aof~h'n] atfpg' eof] . j8f cWoIf k|df]b >]i7n] nuftf/sf] ;+3{if kl5 gful/sx?n] k'hf{ k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf] atfpg' eof] . …cem} s]lx Kn6sf] hldg l8lh6n gflk x'g ;s]sf] 5}g, 5'6 ePsf gful/sx?sf] k'gM gfk hfFr u/fP/ k'hf{ ljt/0f ug{] k|s[ofsf nflu ;xlhs/0f ug{]5f}+Ú–j8f cWoIf >]i7n] eGg'eof]–…@*^ lsQfsf !@ 3/ w'/L / cGo 5'6 gful/ssf k'hf{ ljt/0fdf ;dGjo ug{] 5f}+ .Ú ag]kf gfkL sfof{nosL 6f]nL k|d'v ;/:jtL lwtfnn] l8lh6n gfkL z'? ePsf] !# jif{ k'hf{ ljt/0f ug{ ;Dej ePsf] atfpg' eof] . …klxn] l;dfgf ljjfb, clg e'sDk, To; kl5 sf]/f]gfsf sf/0f gful/sx?nfO{ ;dod} k'hf{ ljt/0f ug{ ;lsPgÚ– gfkL 6f]nL k|d'v lwtfnn] eGg'eof]–…5'6 ePsf gful/sx?nfO{ ^) lbg leq k|s[ofdf cfpg cg'/f]w u/]sf 5f}+ . ;f]lx ;dodf ph'/L lbg] / ! ;o @) lbg kl5 ;a} >]:tf dfnkf]t sfof{nonfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug{] sfg"gL k|s[of ePsfn] gfuls/x?nfO{ ;dod} ph'/L ug{ cg'/f]w u/]sf 5f}+ .Ú k'hf{ ePsf gful/sx?nfO{ klg l8lh6n k'hf{ ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . ;fljs >Lv08k'/ uflj; j8f gDj/ ! sf #@ hgf, j8f gDj/ @ sf (# hgf / j8f gDj/ # sf ! ;o % hgfn] l8lh6n gflk kl5sf] k'hf{ k|fKt ug{]5g\ . plgx? ;a}sf] hUuf xfn;fljs ul/Psf] 5 . o; cl3 w'lnv]n j8f gDj/ * / ( sf ?kdf /x]sf] >Lv08k' / df j8f gDj/ * sf gful/sx?nfO{ k'hf{ ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . of] k|s[ofnfO{ lg/Gt/ cl3 a9fO{g] j8f cWoIf >]i7n] atfpg' eof] .

gdf]a'4sf] uxQ]df $# lkm6 cUnf] k|ltdf uxt]÷gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsf j8f g+ (, uxt]df u'? kß;Dej -u'? l/Dkf]5]_ sf] $# lkm6 cUnf] k|ltdf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . a'4 d'lt{ lgdf{0f pkef]Qmf ;ldltdfkm{t ;f] :yfgdf u'? kB;Dejsf] ;DejtM lhNnfdf g} cUnf] k|ltdf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] ;ldltn] hgfPsf] 5 . ljleGg

cfly{s aif{df u/L j8faf6 %) nfv, afUdtL k|b]z ;/sf/sf] @% nfv, :yfgLosf] ;xof]u #) nfv / >dbfg ;d]taf6 sl/a ! s/f]8 !% nfvsf] cg'dflgt nfutdf k|ltdf :yfkgf ul/Psf] pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf cWoIf bnaxfb'/ tfdfªn] hfgsf/L lbP . pgsf cg';f/, k|ltdf lgdf{0f :yndf kvf{n

lgdf{0fsf] nflu yk @% nfv ljlgof]hg ePsf] lyof] . k|ltdfdf ;f]daf/ k|f0f k|lti7fg ul/Psf] 5 . wd{ u'? SofAh] v]G6'n Uofªvfª l/Dkf]5], gdf]a'4 gu/ k|d'v s'g;fª nfdf / pkk|d'v /Tgaxfb'/ nfdfn] ;+o'Qm ?kdf k|ltdf cgfj/0f ug{'eof] .

/S;L v'jfpg] klg rng 5 . k"l0f{dfsf] cl3Nnf] /ftdf r08]Zj/L dlGb/df !@ cf]6f sfnf] lgv|f af]sfsf] aln k"hf ul/G5 . To;} lbg af]sfx?sf] df;' ag]kfsf] …Gxos+rkfÚ eGg] :yfgdf sngbfg ul/G5, df;' 5l/G5, 5l/Psf] df;' e]6fpg] efUodfgL dflgG5 . o; kl5 b]jtfnfO{ sfFwdf /flv r08]Zj/L kmsf{OG5 / hfqf ;dfkg ePsf] dflgG5 . hfqf ;lsPsf] ef]lnkN6 !@ ah];Dd dfq dlGb/ v'Nnf x'G5 . To; kl5 jif{ el/sf] nflu dlGb/ aGb x'G5 . hfqfsf nflu ag]kf gu/kflnsf, dfnkf]t sfof{no dfkm{t g]kfn ;/sf/ / cGoIf]qaf6 ;d]t u/L em08} @% nfv ;/sf/L /sd vr{ x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . ag]kf gu/kflnsfn] ag]kfdf x'g] eLd;]g hfqf, ufO{hfqf, r08]Zj/L dftfsf] lgTok"hf, hfnb]p hfqf, ldnfk"hf, kfZro{ k"hfnufot ;+:s[lt ;+/If0fdf vr{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . hfqfdf sDtLdf !$ j6f aln k"hf ;d]t ul/G5 . ;+:s[ltljb\ 1fgsfhL dfGgw/n] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ r08]Zj/Lb]jL ag]kfnLsf] cf/fWob]jL ePsf] pNn]v ub}{ r08]Zj/L b]jLn] b}To /fhr08fz'/sf] aw u/]sf] v'l;ofnLdf r08]Zj/L hfqf x'g] u/]sf] 5 . j+zfjnL cg';f/ ;Too'ub]lv hfqf x'g] u/]sf] pNn]v ub}{ pxfFn] r08f;'/ b}Tosf] aw eP kl5 b]jnf]sdf b]jL r08]Zj/Lsf] afhf ufhf;lxt hfqf ul/Psfn] ;f] hfqfsf] k/Dk/f ;'? ePsf] xf] . g]kfn ;+jtsf] ;'?jft b]lv g} g]kfndf hfqfsf] ;'?jft eP cg';f/ sfe|]df hfqf ug]{ k|rng /x]sf] dfgGw/n] atfpg' eof] .

nfoG; #@% cfO{sf] ueg{/df rGb| s];L w' l nv] n ÷nfoG; Sna OG6/g]zgn l8li6«s #@% cfO{sf] ueg{/df rGb|s'df/ s];L lgjf{lrt ePsf 5g\ . w'lnv]ndf ;DkGg g]t[Tj ug{ k|]l/t u/f} OG;kfo/ 6' ln8 _ d'n gf/fsf] ;fy cfufdL aif{ @)@# ÷)@$ sf] nflu ue{g/df s];L ;j{;Ddt lgjf{lrt ePsf x'g\ . kf]v/fdf xfn} ;DkGg clwj]zgaf6 s];Lsf] g]t[Tjdf gofF sfo{;ldlt rog ePsf] xf] . w'lnv]ndf cfof]lht sfo{qmddf gjlgjf{lrt ue{g/ s];Ln] :nf]ugsf] efjgf / dd{nfO{ cfTd;fy ub}{ ;Dk"0f{ nfogx?nfO{ Psh'6 eO{ dfgjLo ;]jfdf lgZjfy{ ?kdf ;dlk{t /xg tyf nIo k|flKtsf nflu clarlnt ?kdf nfUg cfu|x u/] . ;dfh kl/jt{g geO{ d'n's gx'g] gx'g] eGb} pgn] clxn]sf] ;dodf c;n g]t[Tjsf] cefj dx;'; ePsf] klg atfP . ca x/]s 6f]n / 3/df ;Ifd / c;n g]t[Tj pTkfbgdf k|]l/t ug{sf nflu nfoG; Sna O{G6/g]Zgn l8li6«s #@% cfO{n] o;sf] g]t[Tj ug]{ ueg{/ s];Ln] atfP . of] cleofg ;kmn t'Nofpgsf nfuL ;Dk'0f{ Sna cWoIf, nfogdf cfj4 dgf]lgt kbflwsf/L / ;dfhsf k|a'4 JolQmx? nufot ;a}nfO{ pgn] cg'/f]w klg u/] . cfufdL lbgx?df cGt/f{li6«o ;DjGwnfO{ cem} alnof] agfpFb} ln8/l;k;Fu} km]nf]l;k, :jfYo, lzIff , v]ns'b tflnd, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{, /Qmbfg / j[Iff/f]k0f nufotsf

sfd;d]t cl3 al9;s]sf] pgn] atfP . kf]v/f clwj]zgn] km:6{ efO; l8li6«s ue{g/df ljgf]b 9'+ufgf, efO; ueg{/df kfj{tL v/]n kf08nfO{ ;j{;Ddt lgjf{lrt u/]sf] lyof] . kf]v/f / w'lnv]ndf ePsf] 5'6\5'6} sfo{qmddf l8li6«s ueg{/ /fdaxfb'/ a;]n, Pnl;cfO{Pkm Pl/of ln8/ /fhg nD;fn, cfO{lkPdl;;L dgaxfb'/ /f]Ssf, lkl8hL OGb' nD;fn, k|yd / l4tLo efO; l8li6«s ueg{/åo ljgf]b 9'+ufgf / kfj{tL v/]n kf08]n] nfogjfbsf af/]df cfkm\gf] wf/0ff /fv]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf ;dfh ;]jfdf gful/ssf] bfloTj, dfgjLo d'NodfGotf / ;dfh;]jfsf sfo{ Ifdtf clej[l4 nufotsf ljljw If]qsf af/]df nfoG; OG6/g]zgnsf k"j{ 8fO/]S6/ ;+ho v]tfg, cfO{l8 OG8«f];L nfoG; cleofGtf afns[i0f a'nf{sf]6Ln] l8li6«s #@% cfO{df ue{g/ s];Ln] ljleGg kbdf dgf]u/]sf JolQmx?nfO{ tfnLd k|bfg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . ljZjsf @!@ d'n'sdf ;+u7g la:tf/ ul/;s]sf] ljZjs} ;a} eGbf 7"nf] ;fdfhLs ;+:yf nfogjfbsf] ;g\ !(!& df cd]l/sfsf] 6]S;f;af6 ;'?jft ePsf] lyof] eg] g]kfndf k"j{ k|wfgdGqL dflqsfk|;fb sf]O{/fnfn] ;g\ !(&! df cfkm\g} cWoIftfdf nfoG; Sna ckm lw/f6gu/ :yfkgf ul/ g]kfndf nfogjfb leq\ofPsf lyP . lg:jfy{ dfgjLo ;]jf ug]{ p2]Zon] :yfkgf ePsf] of] ;=:yfdf sl/a !$ nfv al9 ;b:o /x]sf 5g\ eg] g]kfndf xfn %) xhf/ eGbf al9 nfoG; ;b:ox? /x]sf 5g\ .

aSt[Tjsnf k|ltof]lutf ;DkGg w' l nv] n ÷g] k fn ;/sf/, :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno, :jf:Yo s/ sf]ifsf] ;lrjfnosf] ;xof]udf ;fem]bf/ l;ljs kmf] / d, sfe| ] k nf~rf] s sf] ;xhLs/0fdf æw'd|kfg tyf ;'lt{hGo kbfy{sf] pkef]uaf6 pTkGg /f]usf] /f]syfd, lgoGq0f, lgbfg / pkrf/ ;DaGwL sfo{qmdÆ cGtu{t æ;fd'bflos ljBfnox?df w'd|kfg tyf ;'lt{hGo kbfy{sf] pkef]uaf6 x'g] c;/ tyf /f] s yfd ;DaGwL jQm[ T jsnf k|ltof]lutfÆ ;~hLjgL dfWolds ljBfno w'lnv]ndf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . jSt[Tjsnf k|ltof]lutfdf k|yd ;~hLjgL dflj låltof ;~hLjgL dflj / t[lto k"0f{ ;~hLjgL dflj ePsf 5g\ . k|ltof]lutfdf w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf leqsf

$ j6f ;fd'bfoLs ljBfnosf !@ hgf ljBfyL{x?n] efu lnPsf lyP . ;~hLjgL dflj, >Lv08k'/ dflj, k"0f{ ;~hLjgL dflj / ;/:jtL dflj ljBfnosf ljBfyL{x?n] pQm k|ltof]lutfdf efu lnPsf lyP . l;ljs kmf]/dsf sfo{sf/L clws[t a;Gt s'Fj/n] ;fd'bfoLs ljBfnodf w'd|dfg tyf ;'lt{hGo kbfy{sf] c;/ af/] hgr]tgf a9fpg] p2]Zon] / o;sf] k|of]u a9\b} uPsf] x'bfF /f]syfd Pj+ lgoGq0fsf nfuL pQm sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] atfpg' eof] . ljBfyL{x?sf] g]t[Tj Ifdtf tyf ;'lt{hGo kbfy{af6 x'g] xfgL af/] r]tgf clea[l4nfO{ d2t k'Ug] s'Fj/n] atfpg' eof] . l;ljs kmf]/dn] a}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg] gful/sx?n] hfFbf hfGg' kg]{, ljb]z hfFbf

Wofg lbg' kg]{ ljifo, /fxbfgL lng' cl3 lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf x/]s AolQmnfO{ lbg] cled'lvs/0f k|bfg ub{] cfO{/x]sf] hgfPsf] 5 . k|ltof]lutfsf] ;efkltTj ;~hLjgL dfljsf k|wfgfWofks nf]s]Gb| 9sfnsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . k|ltof]lutfdf w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf lzIff zfvfsf czf]s l3ld/]n] pQm sfo{qmdn] ljBfyL{x?sf] g]t[Tj Ifdtf ljsf; x'g] jtfpg' eof] .

To;} u /L l;ljs kmf] / dsf] cfof]hgfd w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ ! / @ df /x]sf] b]lj:yfg dflj / ;]tLb]jL dfljdf klg as[Tjsnf k|ltof]lutf cfof]hgf u/sf] 5 .

To;}u/L w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf j8f g+= @ sf] ;]tLb]jLdf ePsf] jSt[Tjsnf k|ltof]lutfdf k|yd, l4tLo / t[tLo ;]tLb]jL dflj, /x]sf 5g\ .

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL hGd @)!(÷&÷^

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:j= nIdLb]jL knf~rf]s] tTsfnLg sfe|] a; Aoa;foL ;+3sf k"j{ cWoIf s[i0frGb| knf~rf]s]sf] wd{kTgL nIdLb]jL knf~rf]ssf] cNkfo"d} c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f} .

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motiramtimalsina@gmail.com

tLg dlxgf;“u} a;] kl5 hft hf]l8P/ h]n d}n] bf]>f] k6s cfˆgf] kL8f kf]v]+ . of] eGbf klxnf klg d}n] cfˆgf 36gf ljj/0f ;'gfPsf] lyPF . sltko kL8f / ef]ufO{ o:tf x'Fbf /x]5g\ ls hlt k6s eg] klg dg zfGt x'Fb}g . of] 36gf ;To xf] . ;To 36gf ePsfn] w]/}n] ljZjf; ug{ sl7g xf]nf . t/ h] ef]u]sf] xf] Tof] ef]ufO{n] ;fFRr} dfG5] leqsf] bof jf ;xsfo{sf] efjgf s:tf] xf]nf eGg] b]vfpF5 . ;do ablnPsf] 5 . ablnPsf] ;dodf afFRg sl7g 5 . cem} OdfGbf/ x'g t emg} sl7g 5 . sl7gtfsf aLrdf klg hLjg lhpg' csf{] dHhf 5 . cfTdxTof ug{]x?sf] ;+Vof klg a9]sf] 5 . e'sDk, sf]/f]gf h:tf dxfdf/L klg Aoxf]/]sf gful/sx? klg w]/} 5g\ . clxn] klg s'g} g s'g} /f]uaf6 ;+qmldt ePsf gful/sx?sf] ;+Vof w]/} 5 . 5'jf5't b]vfj6L ?kdf 5}g . leqL ?kdf x6\g ;s]sf] 5}g . a] / f] h uf/ o' j fx?nfO{ /f]huf/ lbFbf km;]sf AolQmx?sf] kL8f xf] of] . b}lgs ljb]lzg] AolQmx?nfO{ g]kfndf /f]Sg s'g} ;/sf/n] ;s]sf] 5}g . yf]/} eP klg g]kfnd} s]lx ug{] ;f]rsf ;fy cj;/ k|bfg u/f+} . cj;/nfO{ >d, l;k / Ifdtfdf abnf}+ eGg] ;f]r /fVbf ;+s6 / kL8f afx]s s]lx gx'g] /x]5 . cf/f]k klg s:tf s:tf < eujfgn] x]g{ t dfyLaf6 x]l//x]s} xf]nfg\ . t/ klg tTsfn plgx?nfO{ b08 lbg] cj:yf klg gx'g] /x]5 . kLl8tn] cfkm'nfO{ kL8f k/]sf] dx;'; u/L ph'/L lbPkl5 sfg'g cg';f/ sf/jfxL ug}{ k5{ . t/ Gofofnon] ;To tYo s] xf] < k|x/L cg';Gwfgdf s] ePsf] 5 < k|x/L cg';Gwfg klg st}af6 k|efljt kf] 5 ls < o:tf ljifodf Vofn gk'¥ofpFbf lgbf{]if AolQmx? h]n uO{/x]sf 5g\ . ;o ck/fwL h]n aflx/ /x'g t/ Ps lgbf{]if AolQm h]n gk/f];\ eGg] pvfg clxn] d]n vfFb}g . ;o ck/fwL aflx/ x'G5g\ lgbf{]if w]/} h]n x'G5g\ . ;dfhdf eO{/x]sf] /fhgLlts ptf/r9fj, AolQmut :jfy{, clgoldttf tyf e|i6frf/ / rfF8} wgL aGg] ;kgfn] ;a}nfO{ e|i6 agfPsf] 5 . s;}nfO{ ;dosf] e|i6frf/L agfPsf] xf]nf s;}nfO{ k};fsf] . ;a}vfn] ck/fwnfO{ Pp6} af:s]6df /fv]/ x]g{' x'Fb}g . lgot / e"ldsf vf]lhg' k5{ . slxn]sfFlx dfG5]n] c;n

lgotn] ubf{ ub}{ unt x'g k'U5 . p;n] To;df Ifdf klg lbg'k5{ . ulNt cg';f/sf] ;hfoF kfpg' k5{ . lgot g} v/fa 5 eg] To;nfO{ Tolx cg';f/sf] Aojxf/ ul/g' k5{ . sfg'gn] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ubf{ b'a} kIfsf] ef]ufO{ / egfO{ x]l/g' k5{ . @)^& ;fn c;f/ dlxgfsf] cGTo lt/ dWo] /ftL Pp6f 36gf agfO{Psf] /x]5 . cGbfhL ;fF9] !! ah]sf] ;dodf sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf ;fljs latf{ b]p/fnL uflj; xfnsf] rf}/Lb]p/fnL ufpFkflnsfdf 3/ eO{ xfdL sf7df8f}df a:b} cfPsf lyof}+ . xfd|f] 8]/f;Fu} uf]vf{ lhNnf km'h]n uf=la=;=j8f g+= * df 3/ eO{ sf7df8f} lhNnf sf7df8f} dxfgu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ @^ df Pp6f kl/jf/ 8]/f lnP/ a:b} cfPsf] lyof] . Tof] kl/jf/df afa' cfdf / s]lx s]6fs]6L lyP . Tof] 3/ eGbf s]lx ptf Pp6f csf{] kl/jf/ a:bf] /x]5 . aflnsf / Tof] 3/df a:g] kl/jf/sf ;Gtfg afns Pp6} sIffdf cWoog ubf{ /x]5g\ . b'a} b}lgs x'g] e]63f6, ux[sfo{ cfbfg k|bfg ;d]t x'g] sf/0f lj:tf/} glhlsg yfn]5g\ .

Tolx k|]d zfl//Ls ;DaGwdf k'u]sf] /x]5 . Tof] 36gfdf pgsf cleefjsx? hfgsf/ /x]5g\ . s]6f / s]6L b'j}sf] kl/jf/n] yfxf kfPsf] pQm s'/f s]lx ;do u'kr'k /fv]sf /x]5g\ . s]lx ;do kl5 plgx?sf] Aojxf/af6 cfdfa'af cjfSs eP kl5 36gf abn]/ To;nfO{ k};f afu{]lgËsf] dfWod agfpg] tof/L eP5 . cfkm' t ;f]emf] s'g} s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lyPg . 36gf ePsf] To:tf] /x]5 . w]/} kl5 plgx? aLr ePsf] ;fdfGo v6k6 ldnfpg k};fsf] s'/f eP5 . k};f klg glbP kl5 aflnsfsf afj'n] k|x/Ldf hfx]/L lbPsf /x]5g\ . lgoldt e]63f6 x'g] ePsfn] xfdL;Fu lrghfg x'Fb} uof] . af]nrfn ;d]t x'g yfn]kl5 cfjthfjt x'g yfNof] . Tof] lbg pgsL !% alif{of 5f]/L x/fPsf] eGg] 36gf agfO{P5 . pgsf] kl/jf/n] cfˆg} 8]/fdf al;/x]sf] cj:yfdf 5ff]/L x/fO{g eGg] ;"rgf k|x/LnfO{ u/fPsL /lx5g\ . Tolx lbg dxfgu/Lo k|x/L kl/;/ 6]s'df lgjbg lbO{ vf]htnf; ;d]t ul/Psf] /x]5 . x/fPsL 5f]/L vf]htnf;sf qmddf s]lx lbg kl5 /ftsf] ;dodf cfkm} 8]/fdf kmls{O{g . pgn] cfˆg} 3/df a:g] sfe|] 3/ ePsf b'O{

o'jfn] nnfO{ kmsfO{ sf7df8f}+df 8]/f lnP/ a:g] Pshgf AolQmsf] sf]7fdf nuL wfs wDsL b]vfO{ k|nf]egdf kf/L ha{hl:t s/0fL u/]sf] aofg lbO{Psf] /x]5 . aflnsfsf afa'n] k|x/LnfO{ Tolx Aoxf]/fsf] ph'/L / aofg lbPsf /x]5g\ . !% alif{of aflnsfn] klg Tolx aofg lbO{g\ . !% alif{of aflnsfn] lbPsf] aofgdf b'O{dWo] Ps o'jfn] ha{hl:t u/]sfn] xb};Ddsf] sf/jfxLsf] dfu ul/Psf] lyof] . 36gf rfFlx o:tf] /x]5 . plgx? k|]d u/]/ tLg dlxgf;Dd ;Fu} a;]sf klg /x]5g\ . kl/jf/sf] ;Nnfxdf plgx?nfO{ ca ljjfx ul/lbg] eGg] of]hgfdf ljjfx ;d]t ug{] lgwf] ePsf] /x]5 . Tolxa]nf plgx? Tolx afnssf] 3/df uP/ ;do latfpg yfn]sf /x]5g\ . dnfO{ klg s'/f ;'gfPsf lyP . plgx?nfO{ 5'6fpF < of] pd]/df s;/L ljjfx ul/lbg] < d}n] ljjfx gu/f}+ a? plgx?nfO{ cnu cnu u/fP/ /fd|f] jftfj/0fdf lzIff k|bfg u/f} . d]/f] s'/f 7\ofSs} pN6f] ePsf] /x]5 . tLg dlxgf;Dd ;Fu} a;]sf hf]8LnfO{ s;/L km'6fpg] < d}n] afns} 5f} ljjfx ug]{ s'/f /fd|f] x'Fb}g eg]+ . z'?df w]/} ufnL klg u¥of}+ . t/ plgx? b'j}n] Ps csf{ ljgf afFRg g;Sg] Aoxf]/f atfP . dg{ lbg' eGbf t ax'nfpg lbg' /fd|f] eGg] nfUof] . n dl/hfpg t pd]/ lj:tf/} k'Ub} hfnf eGg] ;f]r]/ d}n] jf:tf ul/gF . vf;df s'/f /x]5 eg] pgsf] / efO{sf] hft ldNbf] /x]g5 . tLg dlxgf;Dd Pp6} sf]7fdf a;]/ ;DjGw /fVbf s'g} hftsf] s'/f ePg . tLg dlxgf kl5 hftnfO{ b]vfpFb} pd]/ gk'u]sf], ckx/0f u/]sf] / ha{hl:t s/0fL u/]sf] cleof]u agfO{ pgsf afa' cfdfn] k|x/Lsf]df ph'/L lbP . tLg dlxgf;Dd plgx?nfO{ ph'/L klg lbg' k/]g . tLg dlxgf kl5 ;xdltdf ePsf] k|]d / ljjfxnfO{ ha{hl:t s/0fL agfpFb} xfdL ;d]tnfO{ ljkIfL agfP/ pgsf afa'n] lbPsf] ph'/Ldf xfdL ;d]t kqmfp k¥of}+ . s]6L klg pgs} 3/df uO{g\ . ;xdltdf k|]d clg ljjfx ug]{, Tolx s]6f geP em'l08P/ cfTdxTof u5{' eGb} wDSofpg] clg :jfy{ k'/f eP kl5 ha{hl:t s/0fL / ckx/0fsf] d'2f btf{ u/]/ lgbf{]ifnfO{ h]n k7fpg] < 3/

kl/jf/sf] ;xdltdf b'j}hgf >Ldfg\ >LdtL eO{ Pp6f sf]7fdf a;]sf lyof}+ . pQm afns klg >Ldfg\ >LdtL eO{ csf]{ sf]7fdf a;]sf lyP . sf7df8f} cfO{ 8fG; af/df sfd ug{ nfu]sf] cj:yfdf s/La #÷$ lbg kl5 ufpFaf6 plgx? cfPsf cfP . plgx? b'j}hgf cfˆgf] sf]7fdf uPsf lyP . gftfn] p d]/f] efO{ h:t} lyof] . bfO{ eg]/ p klg dl/xQ] uYof{} . d}n] p;sf x/]s s'/fdf ;xhLs/0f u/]sf] lyPF . p;n] h;sf] 5f]/L ljjfx u/]/ NofPsf] lyof] p;sf cfdf a'afnfO{ e]6L s'/fsfgL u/L d nufotsf ;fyLx?n] ;Demfpg] k|of; u/]sf lyof}+ . pN6} plgx?n] xfdLnfO{ ha/h:tL s/0fL d'2fsf] hfx]/L b/vf:t lbg] wDsL lbPsf lyP . xfdLn] h] gx'g' eO{ ;Sof] ldnfP/ hfpF eGof}+ . tLg dlxgf;Dd Pp6} 8]/fdf a;] . ufpFdf uP/ klg a;] . plgx? >Ldfg\ >LdtLsf ?kdf a:g tof/ eP/ g} ljjfx u/]/ uPsf lyP . ca xfdLnfO{ lsg ;hfoF < xfdLn] plgx?sf] Aoj:yfkgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf lyof}+ .

3/df cfpg] AolQmnfO{ lglSnP/ hf eGg ldNb}g lyof] . d5{' a? hfGg eg] kl5 dg{ lbg' ls /fVg' < plgx?n] kmsf{P/ nu] .

5f]/LnfO{ cfˆg} 3/df lnP/ uP kl5 k|x/Ln] cg';Gwfg z'? u/] kl5 xfdLnfO{ kqmfp ul/Psf] 5 . afns cfˆgf] 3/ uPsf /x]5g\ . xfdL klg sfe|] cfPsf lyof}+ . cfkm\g} sfd ljz]ifn] sfe|] cfpFbf k|x/Ln] kmf]g u/]/ tkfO{ lj?4 ph'/L 5 eg] klg xfdL em;Ë ePsf lyof}+ .

5fFufaf6 v;] em} ePF . t/ klg k|x/Ln] eg]sf] gdfGg] s'/f klg lyPg . k|x/LnfO{ sfg'g cg';f/ ;xof]u ug{' k5{ eGg] of]hgfdf d cfkm} cfPF . 3/af6 a;df r9L ;f]xL lbg a]n'sfsf] ;dodf zx/ k'u]sf] lyPF . d sf7df8f} cfO{ ;s]sf] lyPF . plgx?n] ;xdltdf u/]sfn] ph'/L gug{ cg'/f]w u/]+ . t/ klg plgx?n] dfg]gg\ . ePsf ;a} Aoxf]/f atfpFbf klg hftn] ;fy glbPsfn] ph'/L u/]sf] eGg' eof] . hft gldNbf ha{hl:t eof] . Tolx ph'/Lsf cfwf/df xfdLnfO{ kqmfp ul/Psf] lyof] . d'n'sL P]g ha/h:tL s/0fLsf] dxn ! / # sf] @ g+= cg';f/sf] s;'/ ck/fwdf ;f]xL P]gsf] dxnsf] # sf] @ g+= adf]lhd ;hfo afnsnfO{

Ifdtf clea[4L ul/Psf] atfpg' eof] . cj;/ / Ifdtf a[ 4 Lsf nflu gu/kflnsfn] ljleGg ultljlw ul//x]sf] gu/ k|d'v Aof~h'n] atfpg' eof] . sfo{qmddf pkk|d'v lg/fhg h+udn] dlxnfx?sf] zzlQms/0fsf nflu ul/Psf s[ofsnfkdf x/]s gful/ssf] ;xeflutf /xg' kg{] atfpg' eof] . ;fdflhs ljsf; ;ldlt ;+of]hs Pj+ j8f cWoIf u0f]z cfrfo{n] x/]s j8fdf dlxnfx?sf] l;k tyf Ifdtf ljsf;sf nflu dxTjk"0f{ sfo{x? ul//x]sf] atfpg' eof] . dlxnfx?

;fKtflxs k~rf· d]if

l;+x

wg'

ul/a k]6 kfNg xtf/df bf}8]sf] x'G5 ;a]/} wgL 36fpg lx8\5 lab]zL cg'bfg rnfP/ . d g t k/fn x'g ;s],

;hfoF x'g' kg]{ dfu ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f]lx P]gsf] !) g+= adf]lhd plrt Ifltk'lt{ dfu ul/Psf] lyof] . 36gfnfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] eGb} d, d]/f] >LdtLnfO{ ;d]t d'n'sL P]g ha/h:tL s/0fLsf] dxnsf] $ g+= cg';f/sf] s;'/ ck/fwdf ;hfoFsf] dfu ul/Psf] lyof] . k|]d ug]{ plgx?, ljjfx ug]{ plgx? clg b'Mv rfFlx xfdLnfO{ < of] s:tf] Gofo < dfG5] dg{af6 arfpg] klg xfdL . h]n hfg' kg{] klg xfdL . h;n] hftsf s'/f b]vfP/ # dlxgf ;Fu} a;]sf s]6fs]6Lx?nfO{ cnu agfP/ /fv] plgx? rfFlx l7s < xfdL rfFlx a]l7s < x] sfg"g < x] cbfnt < s;/L Gofo kfpg] lgbf{]ifn] Gofo < a? sfg"g g} ;+zf]wg u/]/ o:tf] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{] ls < z+s/ g]kfnL sf7df8f}

lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo lzlj/ cfof]hgf ul/Psf] 5 . :jf:Yo k|j{4g g]kfn, uf]s0f{]Zj/ gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ @ / sflnsf dfWolds ljBfnosf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf lzlj/ cfof]hgf ul/Psf] xf] . lzlj/df ;fwf/0f :jf:Yo hfFr, cfFvf hfFr, dlxnf tyf :qL/f]u ;DjGwL ;]jf, bGt ;DjGwL pkrf/af6 @ ;o ^ hgf AolQmx?n] ;]jf lnPsf 5g\ . cfFvfdf hl6n vfnsf /f]u b]lvPsf lj/fdLx?sf nflu lqk'/]Zj/ cfFvf c:ktfndf lgz'Ns ck|]zg ul/g]5 . ufpFkflnsfsf] ;dGjodf j8f sfof{nosf] ;xeflutfdf :yfgLox?nfO{ ;]jf k|bfg ul/g] j8f cWoIf s[i0faxfb'/ nfdfn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . ljBfnosf ;xfos k|wfgfWofks a]bk|;fb ahufO{sf cg';f/ lzlj/df ;xeflux?nfO{ r:df / cf}ifwL lgMz'Ns ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .

s'zfb]jL /]8qm;n] clj/n bf]ª u¥of] cGt{lqmof vfgLvf]nf, sfe||]]

-of] syf cfh ljxLjf/ a]n'sf * ah]sf] :yfgLo ;dfrf/kl5 b]j/fh a8fnsf] ;fydf k|fO{d PkmPd !)$=% d]ufxh{df ;'Gg ;Sg'x'g]5 ._

;Ifd x'Fbf dfq} ;d'bfosf] ljsf; ;Dej x'g] pxfFn] atfpg' eof] . sfo{qmddf ;+j}wflgs sfg"gL clwsf/, gu/kflnsfsf k|of; / ultljlw, ;xsf/L tyf ;+3 ;+:yfaf6 zzlQms/0fsf nflu ePsf cEof; tyf sfo{ / dlxnfx?sf] clwsf/ xgg tyf lx+;faf6 x'g] hf]lvdsf ljifodf ljleGg If]qsf AolQmx?n] k|lzIf0f lbPsf] gu/kflnsf zfvf clws[t k'hf sfkm\n]n] atfpg' eof] . sfo{qmddf clwsf/sdL{ l;h{gf sfkm\n] nufotn] k|lzIf0f lbPsf 5g\ .

;ftfsf] /flzkmn

uhn leqL dg /f]Ptf kgL aflx/ d':sfg rnfP/ dfOnL k]6 kfN5] hjfgLsf] bf]sfg rnfP/ .

g xtf;f] g} aGg ;s] u'G›L ;xdltdf k|]d v';L 5 tL sf]dn clg ljjfx ug]{, xftn] tfg rnfP/ . lz/ 7f]Sg hfp Tolx s]6f geP ltdL dlGb/df km/s kb}{g 9'Ëf] 7"nf] ePsf]5 af]Nb}g em'l08P/ eujfg rnfP/ . cfTdxTof u5{' km"nx? g} l/;fpg yfn]sf 5g\ cfh ef]ln eGb} wDSofpg] dfnLn] cfhsn ;'Gb/ clg :jfy{ k'/f eP lrofaufg rnfP/ . ho s'df/ kf}8]n kl5 ha{hl:t s/0fL / sflnsf dfljdf ckx/0fsf] d'2f lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo btf{ u/]/ lzlj/ lgbf{]ifnfO{ h]n a]yfGrf]s÷a]yfGrf]s ufpFkflnsf j8f gDj/ $ df /x]sf] sflnsf k7fpg] < dfWolds ljBfnodf zlgaf/ Ps lbg]

dlxnf ;zlQms/0fsf nflu Ifdtf clea[l4 w'lnv]n÷w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfn] dlxnf hgkl|tlglw, dlxnf ;xsf/L tyf ;:+yfsf kl|tlglw / dlxnf ;dx'sf kl|tlglwx?nfO{ Ps lbg] Ifdtf clea4 [ L sfoq{md cfofh ] gf u/s ] f] 5 . dlxnf kl/ifbs \ f cWoIf lutf tfdfªsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg sfoq{mddf gu/ kd|v ' czfs ] Aof~hs ' f] kd|v ' cfltYotf /xs ] f] lyof] . sfo{qmddf af]Nb} gu/ k|d'v Aof~h' n ] w' l nv] n gu/kflnsfn] dlxnfx?nfO{ :j/f]huf/ dfkm{t cfTdlge{/ agfpg dlxnf kl/ifb\sf] u7g u/L l;k tyf

uhn

s'zfb]aL÷ljZj /]8qm; lbj;sf] cj;/ kf/]/ g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO{6L s'zfb]jL pkzfvfn] cGt{lqmof sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u/]sf] 5 . ;efklt 6+sk|;fb x'dfufO{sf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf jt{dfg ;ddodf /]8qm; cleofgsf] e"ldsfsf ljifodf cGt{lqmof ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf /]8qm; sfe|]sf k'j{ ;efklt ;f]dk|;fb x'dfufO{, s'zfb]jL SofDk;sf SofDk; k|d'v zlz af]nv] nufotsf AolQmx?n] /]8qm;sf] dxTj / cfjZostfsf af/]df wf/0ff /fv]sf lyP . /]8qm;n] ljkbdf dfgljo ;xof]u tyf cGo ;]jfsf sfo{x? ub{} cfPsf] 5 . /]8qm;sf ultljlwx? a9fpFb} AolQmx?df x/fpFb} uPsf] dfgljo ;]jfnfO{ a9fpg' kg{] ;xeflux?n] atfP . sfo{qmddf /]8qm; pkzfvfn] /Qmbfg tyf cGo ;fdflhs s[ofsnfkx? u/]sf]df cfufdL lbgdf yk dfgljo ;]jfdf nfUg pTk|]/0ff x'g] sfo{ ub{} hfg' kg{] ;'emfj lbPsf] ;efklt 6+sk|;fb x'dfufO{n] atfpg' eof] .

-@)*) j}zfv @*– h]7 #_

@* ut] h]i7 s[i0f ifi7L .

@*–@( ut];Dd ljk/Lt lnËaf6 ;'v k|flKtsf] ;fy} cfo j[l4 x'g]5, #)–#! ut] eg] em'6f cf/f]k cfpg ;Snf, afFsL lbgdf efUof]bosf] ;do /x]sf] 5 . dGq M ç x|L+ efUof]bo x|L+ gdM. ;ftfsf] dWo #)–#! ;Dd cfkmGt;Fu j}/efj j[l4 ;fy} hnsf] eo /xnf, afFsL lbgdf ;fx;, w}o{tf j[l4 ;fy} ljBfdf dg nfUg]5 . dGq M P]+ x|L+ P]+ ;/:jTo} gdM. @*–@( ut];Dd wg cfudgsf] gofF af6f] j[l4 x'g]5, #)–#! ut];Dd rf]6k6ssf] eo /x]sf] 5, clGtd lbgdf z/L/df cfgGbsf] cfefif /xg]5 . dGqM ç e+ e+ e}/jfo gdM.

j[if

sGof

ds/

@*–#! ut];Dd ;do gs/fTds /x]sfn] z/L/df :j:ytf, Jofkf/ Joj;foaf6 nfe xf]nf, !–# ut];Dd eg] d[To't'No si6 cfOkg{ ;Snf . dGq M ç qmL+ qmL+ qmL+ ç .

@*–#! ut];Dd cfsl:ds wgnfe x'gfn] dgdf k|zGgtf, cw'/f sfo{ ;xh} ;kmn x'g]5, afFsL lbgdf g/fd|f] ;kgfsf] ;fy} k]6df ljsf/ cfpg ;Snf . dGq Mç /+ /f]ud'Qmo km6\ M. @*–#! ut];Dd kb pGgltsf] ;Defjgf, a}+s Jofn]G; j[l4, dg1 wg k|flKt x'g]5, afFsL lbgdf zq' j[l4 ;fy} ckdfg x'g ;Snf . dGqM ç u+ u0fkto gdM.

} ;ftf z'e /x]sfn] cWoog ldy'g cWofkgdfk"/?lr j[l4, zq'x? ldqdf kl/0ft, ld7fld7f k|]djftf{ nfe ;fy} dgdf pT;fx a9\nf . dGq M P]+ x|L+ SnL+ rfd'08fo} ljRo} .

t'nf

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Dhulikhel Municipality Office Dhulikhel Kavre

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Invitation for SealedQuotation

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Go" k|ult k':ts e08f/ ag]kf–&, se|], ;Dks{ M )!!–^^!%() c/lgsf] /fhdfu{ -r08]Zj/L d]l8sn $ 3/ k"j{_

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• pd]/ M !* jif{ k'u]sf] / #% jif{ ggf3]sf] • gful/stf M g]kfnL • ;+Vof M ! hgf k"?if • 5gf}6 k|ls|of M cGtjf{tf k]z ug'kg]{ sfuhftx? M != gful/stfsf] k|ltlnlk @= xfn;fn} lvlrPsf] kmf]6f] #= ;+:yfn] pknJw u/fPsf] lgj]bg $= z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkqsf] 5fFofk|lt %= sfo{cg'ejsf] k|df0fkqsf] 5fFofk|lt ^= JolQmut ljj/0f -afof]8f6f_ &= b'O{kfFu|] ;jf/L rfns cg'dlt kqsf] 5fFofk|lt kbk"lt{ pk–;ldlt ag]kf—*, ltgbf]af6f], ;Dks{ g+ M )!!—^^!!@), )!!—^^$^^% kgf}tL–^, sfe|], ;Dks{ g+= )!!–$$)#$% gdf]a'4–&, sfe|], ;Dks{ g+= )!!–$)$!$( Website: www.aabhashsaccos.coop.np

cfofd art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]]kf–&, sfe|]knf~rf]s, kmf]g g+= M )!!–^^@##%, )!!–$(()#%, )!!–$)$!*&

tklzndf pNn]lvt C0fL ;b:ox?nfO{ C0f r'Qmf ug{ cfpg] af/]sf] #% lbg] cToGt h?/L ;"rgf ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt @)*).!.@* o; ;+:yfaf6 C0f lnPsf tklzndf pNn]lvt C0fLn] C0f lnFbf ul/lbPsf] lnvt / C0f :jLs[tLkqsf] zt{df tf]lsP cg';f/ ;do ;dodf a'emfpg' kg{] ;fFjf tyf Aofh tf]lsPsf] ;do ;Ldfleq e'Qmfg gug'{ePsf]n] ;+:yfn] shf{ r''Qmf e'QmfgLsf] nflu C0fL tyf AolQmut hdfgLstf{{nfO{ k6s k6s df}lvt tyf lnlvt t/ tfs]tf ubf{ ;d]t shf{ r'Qmf ug{]tkm{ s'g} rf;f] gb]vfO{ a]jf:tf u/L a:g'ePsf]n] tkfFO{x? tklzndf pNn]lvt C0fLsf] gfddf of] #% -k}]lt;_ lbg] ;"rgf hf/L ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf]] ldltn] #% -k}]lt;_ lbg leq a'emfpg afFsL /x]sf] ;fFjf, Aofh tyf xh{gf ;d]t r'Qmf e'QmfgL ug'{xf]nf . ;fy} AolQmut wg hdfgL a:g]n] ;d]t shf{ r'Qmf e'QmfgL ug{ nufpg'' x'g cg'/f]w 5 . cGoyf lwtf] ;'/If0f afkt ;+:yfsf]] gfddf n]lv n]vfO{ lbPsf] lwtf] / sy+sbflrt ;f] lwtf]af6 ;Dk"0f{ n]gf /sd c;'n pk/ x'g g;s]df lghsf]] Psf3/ ;uf]nsf]] kl/jf/sf] gfddf /x]sf] cGo rn crn ;DkQLaf6 ;d]t ;xsf/L P]g, ;+:yfsf] shf{ cz'nL lglt tyf cGo ;+Da4 k|rlnt P]g, sfg'g adf]lhd lwtf] lnnfd ljlqm u/L ;+:yfsf] n]gf /sd c;'n pk/ ul/g]] tyf #% lbg leq shf{ r'Qmf e'Qmfg gu/]df C0fL / AolQmut wg hdfgLstf{nfO{ ;d]t shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb|sf] sfnf] ;"lrdf gfd ;dfj]z ug{] tyf sfg'g adf]lhd d'4f bfo/ u/L shf{ c;'n pk/sf] k|lqmof cl3 a9fOg] Aoxf]/f ;d]t o;} ;"rgfaf6 hfgsf/L u/fOG5 .

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Name of the Office : Dhulikhel Municipality, Dhulikhel, Kavre Sealed Quotation No:DMO/WORKS/SQ/2079/80-03 Date of Publication :24-03-2023 Date of Publication of Second Notice:08-05-2023

1. The Dhulikhel Municipality, Dhulikhel, Kavre invites sealed quotations from registered contractors for the construction of Maintainance of Roads in old town area,.

2. The Estimated amount for the works is(in NRs.):1,171,463.97(Exclusive of VAT and Contingencies) 3. Eligible Bidders may obtain further information and inspect the Sealed quotation Forms at the office of Dhulikhel Municipality, Dhulikhel, Kavre at Dhulikhel Dhulikhel Kavre or by reaching out to them a t Te l e p h o n e 0 1 4 9 0 3 2 7 o r b y d r o p p i n g a m a i l a t info.dhulikhel@gmail.com.

4. Sealed Quotation Forms may be purchased by eligible Bidders on the submission of a written application and upon payment of a nonrefundable fee of 1000.0 NRs. During office hour till 14th of May 2023 (31st of Baisakh 2080).

5. Sealed bids must be submitted to the above office by hand on or before 15- 07-2023 (1st Jestha 2080 )of 12:00 hours . Bids received after this deadline will be rejected.

6. Sealed Quotations shall be opened in the presence of Bidders' representatives who choose to attend at 07-04-2023 14:00 hours at the office of Dhulikhel Municipality, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Bids must be valid for a period of 45 days after bid opening and must be accompanied by a bid security amounting to a minimum of NRs.35000/- which shall be valid for 30 days beyond the validity period of the bid i.e 75 days.

7. If the last date of purchasing and /or submission falls on a government holiday, then the next working day shall be considered as the last date. In such case the validity period of the bid security shall remain the same as specified for the original last date of bid submission.

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