Year 30 issue 22

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CHESHTA WEEKLY jif{ #) c+s @@ @)*) r}q @@ ut] ljxLjf/ (Thursday, 6 April. 2024) g]kfn ;+jt\ !!$$, d"No ?= %. -pkTosfsf] nflu ?= &_ k]h !) www.cheshtaweekly.com.np

w'lnv]n÷:jb]zL tyf ljb]zL gful/sx?nfO{ gful/stf ljqmL u/]sf] cleof]udf lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]sn] kqmfp u/]sf b'O{ clws[t ;lxt yk Ps hgfnfO{ lhNnf cbfnt sfe|]knf~rf]sn] y'gfdf k7fpg] cfb]z u/]sf] 5 . csf{ Ps hgfnfO{

gful/stfsf cnfjf sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfaf6 gful/stf / /fxbfgL vl/b u/]sf lyP . …sfe|]df gful/stf / /fxfbgL lsGg kfO{g] ;"rgfsf cfwf/df afa' xl/eQm u'?ªn] @)&$ ;fndf ag]kf !$ 7]ufgf /fvL @)&$ d+l;/ !# ut] lnPsf] lyPF . d}n] lnPsf] gful/stfdf

kqmfp cfb]z u/]sf] 5 . plgx? b'a}n] lbPsf] aofgdf Ps csf{sf] aofg aflemPsf] lyof] . ut z'qmaf/ ePsf] y'g5]s ax;sf qmddf GofofwLz lzjs'df/ kf]v/]nsf] O{hnf;n] gful/stf ljqmL cleof]udf kqmfp k/]sf clws[tåo emk]Gb|/fh v/]n / /fdrGb| cof{n ;lxt gful/stf vl/b ug{] sf7df8f} lhNnf sf7df8f} dxfgu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ $ sf $) alif{o /fh' u'?ªnfO{ y'gfdf k7fpg] cfb]z lbPsf] xf] . /fh' u'?ªsf afa' afa' xl/eQm u'?ªnfO{ kqmfp k'hL{sf] cfb]z ePsf] lhNnf cbfnt sfe|]knf~rf]ssf clws[t Pj+ ;"rgf clwsf/L lx/fs'df/L e08f/Ln] atfO{g\ . cof{n tTsfnLg ;dodf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no sfe|]df ;'Aaf lyP eg] v/]n clws[t . kqmfp k/]sf /fh' u'?ªn] #÷$ nfv ?k}ofFdf gful/stf / /fxbfgL afa' xl/eQm u'?ªn] vl/b u/]/ nlu lbPsf] aofg lbPsf lyP . plgx? b'a} hgf xªsª a:b} cfPsf lyP . u'?ªn] o'P; hfg] k|of]hgsf nflu sf7df8f}af6 lnPsf] ;SsnL

clws[t emk]Gb|/fh v/]nn] x:tfIf/ u/]sf 5g\Ú–cleo'Qm /fh' u'?ªn] aofgdf eg]sf 5g\ . tTsflng ;dodf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L lzj l;+v8f lyP . gful/stf kmfF6df cg'';'lr ldnfpg] / eg{] ;'Aaf /fdrGb| cof{n lyP . ;'g t:s/L k|s/0fdf kqmfp k/]sf ljb]zL gful/snfO{ gful/stf lbPsf] cleof]udf ;d]t clws[t4o v/]n / cof{n cg';Gwfgdf 5g\ . u[x dGqfnoåf/f ul7t 5fgljg ;ldltn] lbPsf] lgb{]zg cg';f/ lhNnf k| x /L sfof{ n o sfe| ] n ] ljb]zLnfO{ gful/stf lbPsf] cleof]udf cg';Gwfg ul//xFbf u'?ªnfO{ ;d]t gful/stf ljqmL u/]sf] km]nf k/] kl5 b'O{ clws[t kqmfp u/L cg';Gwfg z'? u/]sf] lyof] . afudtL k|b]z ;ef ;lrjfnoaf6 /fdrGb| cof{nonfO{ k|x/Ln] kqmfp u/]sf] lyof] eg] d]nDrL gu/kflnsfaf6 csf{ clws[ t emk]Gb|/fh v/]nnfO{ kqmfp u/]sf] lyof] . k|x/Ln] ljb]zL gful/sx? bfjf ;lxt ( hgfnfO{ gful/stf ljqmL u/]sf] cleof]udf cg';Gwfg hf/L /fv]sf] atfPsf] 5 . ;"rgf clws[t l8P:kL /fhs'df/ >]i7sf cg';f/ afFsL @ k]hdf

* dlxgfdf !@ ;o &$ d'2f btf{, !! ;o !^ km5\\of{}6 b'O{ jif{ gf3]sf $( j6f d'2f km};nf x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ .

df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf w'lnv]n lhNnf cbfnt sfe|]knf~rf]sn] rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] * dlxgf cyf{t kmfu'g d;fGt;Dd ! xhf/ ! ;o !^ j6f d'2fsf] km};nf u/]sf] 5 . ! xhf/ @ ;o #* j6f d'2f km};nfsf] nIo lnPsf] lhNnf cbfnt sfe|]knf~rf]sn] ()=!% k|ltzt d'2fsf] km};nf u/]sf] xf] . lhNnf cbfnt sfe|]knf~rf]sdf sfo{/t zfvf clws[t Pj+ ;"rgf clwsf/L lx/fs' d f/L e08f/Lsf cg' ; f/ cbfntn] lnPsf] aflif{s nIo cg';f/ cf7 dlxgfsf] nIodf () k|ltzt d'2fsf] km};nf ePsf] 5 . …rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] kmfu'gdf ! ;o *@ nIo lnPsf]df ! ;o ^^, df3df ! ;o @@ nIo /x]sf]df ! ;o *$, kf}ifdf ! ;o #! nIo /x]sf]df ! ;o &(, d+;L/df ! ;o && nIo /x]sf]df ! ;o &&, sflt{sdf ! ;o @# nIo /x]sf]df $^, c;f]hdf ! ;o (^ nIodf ! ;o @$, efb|df @ ;o !* nIodf ! ;o @( tyf >fj0fdf *( nIodf ! ;o !! yfg d'2f km};nf ePsf 5g\Ú– ;"rgf clwsf/L e08f/Ln] elgg–…lhDd]jf/L ;/L cfPsf d'2f ! xhf/ @ ;o @* / gofF

d'2f ;d]t u/L @ xhf/ $ yfg cg'dflgt aflif{s km5of{}6 ug{] nIo 5 . afFsL rf/ dlxgfsf] cjwLdf nIodf k'Ug] cg'dfg u/]sf 5f}+ .Ú km};nf ePsf d'2fx? dWo] lhDd]jf/L ;/]/ cfPsf ^ ;o ^^, gofF btf{ ePsf $ ;o %) j6f 5g\ . h;dWo] ;/n dfu{sf ^ ;o (!, ;fdfGo dfu{sf # ;o #( / ljz]if dfu{sf && yfg 5g\ . aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] Pp6f d'2f km};nf ePsf] 5 . rfn' jif{sf] of] cjwL;Dd lhDd]jf/L ;/]sf !@ ;o @* yfg, gofF btf{ !@ ;o &$ yfg u/L @% ;o @

yfg nut /x]sf]df !! ;o !^ km5of{}6 eP/ !# ;o *^ yfg afFsL 5 . b'O{ jif{ gf3]sf cem} $( yfg d'2f km};nf x'g afFsL 5g\ . 8]9 jif{ dfyLsf &) yfg, 8]8 jif{ leqsf ! ;o %$ yfg, Ps jif{ cjwLsf $ ;o ($ yfg / ^ dlxgf leqsf ^ ;o @! yfg d'2f km};nf x'g afFsL 5 . km5of{}6 ePsf dWo] ^ dlxgf leqsf @ ;o ^@ yfg 5g\ . ^–!@ dlxgf cjwLsf % ;o @ yfg, !@–!* dlxgf cjwLsf ! ;o ** yfg, !*–@$ dlxgf cjwLsf ^% yfg d'2f km};nf ePsf 5g\ eg] @ jif{ gf3]sf (( yfg

aiff{} aGb}gg\ ‘k|b]z’ ;8s w'lnv]n÷afdutL ;/sf/åf/f aiff{} cl3 k'n / ;8s lgdf{0fsf nflu ljlgof]hg u/]sf] ah]6af6 x'g' kg{] lgdf{0f sfo{ Aoj;foL / ;/sf/s} sf/0f cnkq cj:yfdf 5g\ . ($ k|ltzt sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf ;8sx?df kof{Kt ah] 6 gx' F b f cnkq 5g\ . gful/sx?n] lgdf{0fsf gfddf ;fl:t Aoxf]l//x]sf 5g\ . Aoj;foLx?n] ;d]t ;8s lgdf{0fsf qmddf u/]sf] nfk{jflxn] gful/sx? cjfSs ePsf 5g\ . rfn' jif{df !* j6f k'n /

!* j6f ;8s ax'aifL{o of]hgfsf ?kdf afudtL k|b]zaf6 ;+rfng eO{/x]sf 5g\ . lkËynL /hjf; /f]zL ;8sdf u|fe]nsf] sfd ($ k|ltzt ;lsPsf] 5 . sflQs] r'/Ly'Dsf l;kf3f6 ;8sdf u|fe]nsf] sfd *) k|ltzt ;lsPsf] 5 . To:t} gu/sf]6 gofFufpF s'Gtf ;8sdf cf;kfn sfnf]kq] lgdf{0f *) k|ltzt ;lsPsf] 5 . kgf}tL vf]kf;L tfN9'+Ëf ;8s lgdf{0fdf ljlgof]lht /sdsf] &) k|ltzt sfd ;lsPsf] 5 . bfKrf

lkkn6f/ kmnfd];fF3' lzv/ uf]s'n] ;8s sfnfk]kq]sf nflu tof/ ePsf] 5 . pQm ;8ssf] ^& k|ltzt lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . lkËynL /hjf; rf/lsNnf tLgv'§] b]lj6f/ 3lt{5fk uf]s'n] ;8s dxfef/t ufpF k flnsfdf *=* lsnf]ld6/ sfnf]kq] v08df ^) k|ltzt dfq} sfo{ ;lsPsf] 5 . k6s k6s Dofb yk ubf{ ;d]t pQm ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . z+v' bfxfn6f/ a;]/L uxt] tfs{] vfS;L ljkL afFsL @ k]hdf

d'2f km};nf ePsf 5g\ . lhNnf cbfnt sfe|]knf~rf]sdf o;cl3 df]xg/fh e§/fO{ / l/tfs'df/L av|]n ;d]t u/L kfFr hgf GofofwLzx?n] rfn' jif{df d'2f km};nf ug{' ePsf] 5 . xfn k|d'v lhNnf GofofwLz /fh]Gb| g]kfn, ljZjgfy e§/fO{ / lzjs'df/ kf]v/]nsfo{/t 5g\ . GofofwLz g]kfnn] nIosf] !!#=% k|ltzt, e§/fO{n] !%)=@ k|ltzt / kf]v/]nn] &!=% k|ltzt d'2f km};nf u/]sf 5g\ . df]xg/fh e§/fO{n] $#=! k|ltzt / l/tfs'df/L av|]nn] afFsL @ k]hdf

egf{ v'Nof] Û egf{ v'Nof] ÛÛ sfe|] lhNnfsf] pTs[i6 z}lIfs uGtJo sfe|] dfWolds ljBfnodf gofF lzIf0f k4lt cg';f/ z}lIfs ;q @)*! sf nflu

Kn]u|'k b]lv sIff ( ;Dd egf{ v'Nof] sIff Kn] u|'k g;{/L Ps b'O{ tLg rf/

cfjZos ljBfyL{ ;+Vof ;+Vof @) hgf @) hgf !) hgf ^ hgf @) hgf % hgf

sIff kfFr 5 ;ft cf7 gf}

;+Vof % hgf !@ hgf $ hgf !) hgf ^ hgf

d'Vo cfsif{0fx? M 4lzIffdf k|ultlzn tyf ;jf{lË0f ljsf; k2ltsf] k|of]u .

4k|of]ufTds / kl/of]hgf d'ns lzIf0f l;sfO{ .

4afnaflnsfdf u'0f:t/Lo efiffsf] ljsf; .

4lzIffdf cfw'lgs ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]u .

4 ljBfyL{ s]lGb|t z}lIfs lqmofsnfksf] canDag .

4k7g ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; .

4jif{df b'O{ k6s cleefjs lzIff tyf k/fdz{sf] Aoa:yf .

4/fli6«o kf7\oqmd cg';f/sf] lzIf0f lqmofsnfk .

sfe|] dfWolds ljBfno ag]kf a'8f]n xfO{6 kmf]g g+= M )!!–^^@)#*

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hg;+Vof 36\b} hfg', ePsf] hg;+Vof zx/ s]lGb|t x'g', o'jfx? :jb]zdf /dfpg g;s]/ ljb]lzg afWo x'g' h:tf tdfd sf/0f ufpF ;'g;fg x'g yfn]sf 5g\. e'sDk kl5 ag]sf b/af/ h:tf eAo ljBfnosf ejgx? l/Qf x'g yfn]sf 5g\. lzIfsx? cfkm} sxfF uP/ ljBfyL{x? k9fpg] eGg] of]hgf agfpg yfn]sf 5g\. ufpF ;'g;fg x'Fbf v08x/ ag]sf al:tx?, dlnnf hldgx? afFemf] /xg yfn]sf 5g\. ufpFdf dnfdL kfpg 5f8]sf 5g\. dnfdL hfg / nfz af]Sg ;d]t ;jf/L ;fwg ef8fdf lng' kg{] cj:yf cfpg yfn]sf] 5. ljsf; ufpF hfg yfn]sf] 5. aflif{s s/f]8 s/f]8 vr{ u/]/ aGg] ;8sx? ;'g;fg x'g yfn]sf 5g\. ;8sdf u'8\g] ;jf/L ;fwg sd x'g yfn]sf 5g\. ePsf ;jf/L ;fwgdf klg ofq'x?sf] ;+Vof 5}g. ;8s nufotsf k"jf{wf/x? ag] klg pkef]u ug{] gful/s 5}gg\. hxfF gful/s 5}gg\ ToxfF s] sf nflu ljsf; < s] sf nflu k"jf{wf/ < ufpF l/Qf x'Fbf zx/n] dfq} y]Ug ;Snf < d'n'ssf] lrq stf hfFb}5 < lhNnfdf !# j6f kflnsf 5g\ . lt dWo] s]lx zx/f]Gd'v 5g\. gdf]a'4, kfFrvfn, kgf}tL kl5Nnf] ;do gful/sx?sf] cfsif{s zx/sf ?kdf al:t lj:tf/ x'g yfn]sf kflnsf leq k5{g\. d08g b]pk'/ / gdf]a'4sf j8fx? eg] vfnL x'g yfn]sf 5g\. ag]kf, w'lnv]n / kgf}tL cfd gful/sx?sf] /f]hfO{sf] If]q aGg yfn]sf] 5. al:t lj:tf/ / hg;+Vofdf cfPsf] a[l4n] tYox?sf] k'li6 u/]sf] 5. oL kflnsfsf s]lx j8fx? eg] ;'g;fg 5g\. cfd ?kdf afnaflnsfx?sf] ;+Vof sd x'g yfn]sf] 5. ljutsf] hgzlQm / of]hgfdf kl/jt{g h?/L 5. lhNnfsf] rf}/Lb]p/fnL ufpFkflnsfl:yt ;fljs dfbgs'F8f/L uflj; xfnsf] rf}/Lb]p/fnL ufpFkflnsf j8f gDj/ & df /x]sf] :j:yfgL dflj @)*) ;fpg dlxgfaf6 aGb eof]. @)#@ ;fndf :yflkt pQm ljBfnodf rfn' z}lIfs ;qsf nflu dfWolds tx;Dd #% hgf afnaflnsfx? egf{ ePsf lyP. ufpFkflnsfn] lzIfs / ljBfyL{sf] cg'kft gk'u]sf] eGb} glhs} /x]sf] l;h{glzn dfWolds ljBfnodf cWoog ug{] p2]Zo ;lxt :j:yfgL dflj aGb ug{] lg0f{o u¥of]. :j:yfgL dflj pbfx/0f dfq} lyof]. rf}/Lb]p/fnL ufpFkflnsfdf /x]sf %( j6f ljBfno clxn] ## j6fdf l;ldt ePsf 5g\. @)&$ ;fndf %( j6faf6 %# j6f ljBfno sfod ePsf]df % jif{sf] cjwLdf @) j6f ljBfno aGb ePsf 5g\. ;fljssf ( j6f uflj;nfO{ Pp6f kflnsf agfO{Psf] 5. rf}/Lb]p/fnL ufpFkflnsfdf xfn ( j6f j8f 5g\. ( j6f j8fdf /x]sf !@ j6f dfWolds txsf ljBfnod dWo] !) j6f ;+rfngdf 5g\. rf}+/Lb]p/fnL ufpFkflnsf leq @)&* sf] hgu0fgf cg';f/ $!%^ 3/ kl/jf/df !$)&^ hg;+Vof /x]sf] 5. @)^* ;fnsf] hgu0fgfdf @) xhf/ * ;o @( hg;+Vof /x]sf] pQm kflnsfdf @)^* ;fndf !$ xhf/ &^ df em/]sf] 5. –#=&^ k|ltztsf b/n] hg;+Vof 36\bf] 5. @)^* ;fndf –@=^$ k|ltzt lyof]. rf} / Lb] p /fnL ufpF k flnsf h:t} t]dfn, /f]zL ufpFkflnsfaf6 klg XjfQ} gful/sx? 36\bf] qmddf 5g\. l/Qf ljBfno el/e/fp ug{ Plss[t al:tsf] lgdf{0f tyf :yfgLo ;/sf/n] km/s vfnsf of]hgf lgdf{0f h?/L 5. zx/sf ;fd'bflos ljBfno vrfvr x'g yfn]sf 5g\. ufpFsf hgzlQm Tolx Aj:yfkg u/]/ cfd gful/sx?n] k|fKt ug{' kg{] z}lIfs clwsf/sf nflu /fHosf] nufgL ;b'kof]u ug{ tLg txs} ;/sf/n] l9nfO{ ug{' x'Gg.

jiff{}+ aGb}gg\============ /fhdfu{ hf]8g] ;8s aiff{} b]lv cnkq cj:yfdf 5 . u]N8'Ë uf]Ndfsf]6 ;8s, gu/sf]6 k'R5f/L cfzfk'/L ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{ lwd] ultdf 5 . Aoj;foLx? ;dodf sfd gug{], ;/sf/ /fhgLlts cf:yf / bjfasf cfwf/df Dofb yk x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . aiff{} x'Fbf;Dd lgdf{0f Aoj;foLx??n] lhDdf lnPsf ;8s lgdf{0f ;DkGg x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ .

;"rgf xfjfx'/Laf6 hf]lug] pkfox?

43/sf] ;+/rgf alnof] agfcf}+, 4xfjfx'/L rNg yfn]kl5 ‰ofn9f]sf y'gf}+, 45fgfnfO{ /fd|/L x's tyf tf/n] s;]/ afwf}+, 45tsf udnf ;'/lIft ?kdf /fvf}+, 4h:tfkftfnufotsf j:t'x? v'nf / hyfefjL g5f]8f}+, 4xfjfx'/L rn]df efubf}+8 gu/f}+, la:tf/} ;'/lIft :yfgdf hfcf}+, 4;/'lIft cft] ge6]] yr'S'?s a;/] bj'} xftn] 6fpsf] 5fk]L 3fK]6f] k/f,+} 4xfjfx/'L rns ] f] ;dodf ;jf/L ;fwg /fs ] /] ;/'lIft :yfgdf a;f.+}

xfjfx'/Laf6 x'g] Iflt sd ug{ k"j{ tof/L Pj+ ;ts{tf ckgfcf}+ .

g]kfn ;/sf/

lj1fkg af]8{

tkfO{+n] vfgf vfO;s]kl5 tkfO{+sf] z/L/n] lrgL / :6fr{nfO{ s;/L k|ltlqmof lbG5 egL x]g{ of] k/LIf0f ul/G5. tkfO{+sf] k]6df vfgf krfpFbf, /utdf Un'sf]h, jf /utdf lrgLsf] dfqf tLj| ¿kdf a9\5 .

l/ltsf /+lhtsf/ kl/ro dw'd]xnfO{ c+u|hLdf 8folal6h -Diabetes_ elgG5 eg] g]kfnLdf lrgL/f]u eg]/ klg lrlgG5 . dfgj zf/L/df x'g] ljleGg /;foflgs k|lqmofsf sf/0f /utdf nfdf] ;do ;Dd lrgLsf] dfqf a9L x'g] ;d:ofnfO{ dw'd]x -DIABETES_ elgG5 . dw'd]xdf KoflGqmofn] -pancreas_ kof{Kt dfqfdf OG;'lng -insulin_ pTkfbg ug{ g;s]df jf pmTkfbg ePsf] OG;'lngk|lt zfl//Ls sf]ifx?n] /fd|f];Fu k|ltlqmof hgfpg g;s]df pTkGg x'g] ;d:of xf] . dw' d ] x af6 kLl8tx?df ljleGg ;d:of b]vf k5{g\ . z/L/n] /utdf ePsf] ;a} lrgL -Un'sf]h_ k|zf]wg ug{ g;Sbf dflg;df Åbo3ft, dl:tis3ft / cGwf]kg x'g ;S5 clg lduf}{nfn] sfd ug{ 5f8\g] cj:yf klg lglDtg ;S5 . dw'd]xsf] ;d:of ljZje/L lg/Gt/ al9/x]sf] 5 . ljZje/L cg'dflgt $@ s/f]8 dflg; dw'd]xaf6 kLl8t 5g\ . clxn]sf] ;+Vof $) jif{cl3sf] eGbf rf/u'gf a9L ePsf] ljZj :jf:Yo ;Ë7gn] hgfPsf] 5 . hf]lvd eP klg dw'd]x ePsf cfwfeGbf w]/} dflg;x¿nfO{ of] /f]uaf/] yfxf g} 5}g . t/ hLjgz}nL kl/jt{g ubf{ w]/}df of] hf]lvd lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsG5 .

OG;'lng -insulin_ sf] sfd s] xf] t< – OG;'lng] -insulin_ sf] d'Vo sfd eg]sf] Un'sf]hnfO{ -glucose_ sf];Lsf -cell tissue_ h:t} sn]hf], df+zk]zL clg ljleGg c++ux?df hDdf / k|of]u ug]{ xf] . OG;'lngn] /utdf ePsf] ;'u/nfO{ cyjf Un'sf]h -glucose_ nfO{ z/L/sf] ljleGg sf]lzsfx? leq nu]/ /utaf6 ;'u/sf] dfq 36fpg' xf] . dw'd]xsf nIf0fx? M – w]/} Kof; nfUg] .

– w]/} lk;fa nfUg] -/ftLsf] ;dodf w]/}_ .

– cfFvf wldnf] b]vg yNg] .

– jhg 36\g] .

– vfg vfPkl5 rfF8} ef]s nfUg yfNg] .

– 3fp, rf]6k6s l9nf] lgsf] x'g] .

– xft v'§f emdemd ug]{÷lgbfpg] .

– w]/} ysfg] dx;'; x'g] . dw'd]x d'Vot tLg k|sf/sf x'G5g\ . lt x'g\ M != 6fOk jfg -Type I_ 8folal6h zf/L/n] OG;'lngsf] pTkfbg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf u'dfO{ ;s]kl5 b]vf kg]{ o; k|sf/sf] dw'd]x /f]u crfgs b]vf kb{5 . of] j+zfg'ut x'G5 . of] 6fOkdf cf}iflwsf] ;fy} OG;'lngsf] k|of]u a9L x'G5 . @= 6fOk 6'-Type II_ 8folal6h ;+;f/df w]/} JolQmnfO{ x'g] k|sf/sf] dw'd]x 6fOk 6' 8folal6h xf] . of] k|sf/sf] dw'd]x lar pd]/sf dfG5]df ;fwf/0f to $) jif{ eGbf a9L pd]/sf JolQmdf w]/} b]vf k5{ . #=h]:6];gn -Gestational_ 8folal6h h]:6];gn 8folal6h ue{ cj:yfdf b]vf k5{ . k|foM ue{cj:yfsf] @$ b]vL @* xKKtfsf] j/k/ ljsf; x'G5 . w]/} dlxnfx?df aRrf hlGdPkl5, dw'd]x x/fP/ klg hfG5 . dw'd]x /f]usf] /f]syfg / pkrf/ M ! ;Gt'lnt ef]hg @ zf/Ll/s Aofofd # cf}iflwsf] k|of]u $ lgoldt k/LIf0f dw'd]x xf] ls x}g eg]/ yfxf kfpg] Nofa k/LIf0fx?M ! FASTING TEST vfnL k]6df laxfgsf] ;dodf _ of] laxfgsf] ;dodf lbg] /utsf] hfr F xf] . of] * b]lv !@ 306fsf] ;do ;Dd vfnL k]6 ePsf] a]nf ug]{ /ut hfr F xf] . of] FASTING TEST sf] ;fdfGo bfo/f ^) b]lv !!) mg/dl ;Dd dflgG5 . 99 mg÷dL jf sd pkjf;sf] /utdf lrgLsf] :t/ ;fdfGo 5, 100 b]lv 125 mg÷dL n] tkfO{+nfO{ lk|–dw'd]x ePsf] ;+s]t u5{, / 126 mg÷dL jf ;f]eGbf a9Ln] tkfO{+nfO{ dw'd]x ePsf] ;+s]t u5{ . olb tkfOF /ut k/LIf0f ug{' eGbf !@ 306f eGbf nfdf] ;do;Dd pkjf; ug{'x'G5 eg] s] x'G5 < la/fdLx¿n] !@ 306feGbf a9L pkjf; a:g' x'Fb}g . olb tf]lsPsf] ;do eGbf l9nf] ePdf OG;'lng k|lt zf/L/sf sf]ifx?n] /fd|f];+u k|ltlqmof lbb}g / k/LIf0f kl/0ffd ;xL c+sdf cfpb}g . @ POST–PRANIDAL-PP_ -vfg vfPsf] @ 306fdf _

* dlxgfdf===================== ^$=& k|ltzt d'2f km};nf u/]/ ;?jf ePsf lyP . e§/fO{ pRr cbfntsf GofofwLzsf nflu a9'jf ;lxt ;?jf ePsf x'g\ . lhNnf cbfnt sfe|]knf~rf]sdf d'2fsf cnfjf km'6s/ / ljz]if k|s[ltsf lgj]bgx? klg btf{ x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . rfn' jif{sf] of] cjwLdf km'6s/ lgj]bg ( ;o %^ j6f btf{ ePsf lyP . h;dWo] $ ;o #@ j6f km5of{}6 ePsf 5g\ . ljz]if k|s[ltsf ! ;o &$ j6fdf ! ;o $* j6f km5\of{}6 eP . s'n lgj]bgx? ! xhf/ ! ;o #) j6fdf % ;o *) j6f km5of{}6 ePsf 5g\ . rfn' cj:yfdf /x]sf d'2fdf ;+nUg @ hgf afnaflnsf, $ hgf dlxnf / hg;+ Vofk'?j[ifl45g\b/. xfn;Dd *% hgf AolQm y'g'jfsf ?kdf /x]sf 5g\ . Ps jif{ &( hgf leqsf #$, Ps jif{ gf3]sf !) ;d]t u/L $# j6f y'g'jfsf d'2f km5\of{}6 eP klg lhDd]jf/L ;/]sf #% / gofF %& u/L (@ yfg d'2fdf $( yfg d'2f cem} afFsL 5g\ . $( yfg d'2fsf *% hgf y'gfdf /x]sf 5g\ . km};nf sfof{Gjogdf pNn]Vo ;kmntf xfl;n ug{ g;s]sf] lhNnf cbfntn] ^ ;o ^& j6f nutdf @ ;o *^ j6f dfq} sfof{Gjog ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5 . # ;o *! j6f d'2fsf] km};nf sfof{Gjog afFsL 5 . s}b !* ;o *% jif{ # dlxgf * lbg c;'n ug{ afFsL /x]sf]df ! ;o %# jif{ !) dlxgf @* lbg c;'n ePsf] 5 . cem} !& ;o #@ jif{ * dlxgf !% lbg c;'n ug{ afFsL 5 eg] &# s/f]8 &! nfv $) xhf/ * ;o (% ?k}of ^^ k};f hl/jfgf c;'n ug{ afFsL 5 . rfn' jif{sf] of] cjwLdf ** nfv &( xhf/ $ ;o *# ?k}of c;'n ePsf] 5 . &$ s/f]8 ^) nfv @) xhf/ # ;o &* ?k}of hl/jgf c;'n ug{' kg{] nut sfod ePsf] lyof] . lhNnf cbfntn] k/fdz{ ;]jf lg/Gt/ lbPsf] atfPsf] 5 . lhNnf cbfnt sfe|]knf~rf]sdf sfo{/t zfvf clws[t Pj+ ;"rgf clwsf/L lx/fs'df/L e08f/Ln] ;d'bfodf cbfnt sfo{qmd, k/fdz{ ;]jf, ld6 b hh, af/ a]Gr cGt{lqmof, Gofo If]q ;dGjo ;ldlt a}7s, of]hgfsf] cfGTl/s k|ult ;ldIff, ;8fpg'kg{] sfuhftx? ;8fpg] lgoldt sfo{qmd nufotsf ultljlwx? eO{/x]sf] atfO{g\ . rfn' jif{df dfq} ! xhf/ @ ;o ldl;n ;8fO{Psf] 5 . ;+rf/sdL{;Fu cGt{lqmof, km};nf sfof{Gjog ;DjGwL tflnd, l6kf]6 tflnd / km};nf n]vg ;DjGwL tflnd, ;+lxtf ;DjGwL k'g{tfhuL tflnd, a}tlgs sfg"g Aoj;foLsf] sf/fuf/ e|d0f, lhNnf afn Gofo ;ldltsf] a}7s nufotsf lgoldt x'g] ultljlwx? eO{/x]sf] e08f/Ln] atfO{g\ . cbfntaf6 hf/L Dofb tfd]nLnfO{ ;d]t k|zf;gn] k|fyldstfdf /fv]sf] 5 . lhDd]jf/L ;/]sf #$ yfg, gofF btf{ ePsf %! ;o (@ yfg u/L %@ ;o @^ yfg dWo] % xhf/ &% yfg tfd]nL ePsf 5g\ . tfd]nL x'g afFsL ! ;o %! yfg dWo] k'/fgf] @)*) df3 @ ut]sf] d'2fsf] /x]sf] 5 . pQm ldltsf %& yfg 5g\ .

aofg================================ b'a} clws[t dfyL :jb]zL / ljb]zLnfO{ gful/stf ljqmL u/]sf] cleof]u 5 . aofgsf qmddf clws[t emk]Gb|/fh v/]n, tTsflng ;'Aaf xfnsf clws[t /fdrGb| cof{n / bf]xf]/f] gful/stf lng] /fh' u'?Ësf] aofg aflemPsf] lyof] . /fh' u'?ªn] cfkm' sfof{nodf pkl:yt g} geO{ afa'n] gful/stf / /fxbfgL nlulbPsf] aofg lbP eg] cof{nn] clws[tx?n] tf]s cfb]z u/]/ k7fPsf kmfO{nx?df :j+od AolQm pkl:yt eP kl5 ;gfvt ul/lbPsf] atfP . clws[t v/]nn] AolQm :j+od cfP kl5 ;a} sfuhftx? tNnf] txaf6 tof/ eP/ cfP kl5 tf]s cfb]z dfq} ul/lbPsf] atfP . plgx? b'a}sf] ldn]dQf]df tTsflng sDKo'6/ ck/]6 tyf cGo sd{rf/Lsf] ;d]t ;+nUgtfsf] cfz+sf ul/Psf] 5 . k|x/Ln] ljb]zL gful/sx?sf] cg';Gwfgsf qmddf cGo sd{rf/Lsf af/]df ;d]t vf]hL ug{] atfPsf] 5 .

vfg vfPkl5 @ 306f leq OG;'lng -insulin_ / ;'u/sf] b'j}sf] dfqf ;fdfGo bfo/fdf cfpg' k5{ . PP hfFr vfgf vfPkl5sf] ;'u/sf] dfq x]g{sf] nflu ul/G5 . vfg vfPsf] @ 306f kl5 z/L/n] Un'rf];] -glucose_ ;Fu s:tf] k|lqmof b]vfPsf] 5 eg]/ x]g{sf] nflu PP ul/G5 . of] PP *) b]lv !$) mg÷dl ;DdnfO{ ;fdfGo dflgG5 .

PP hf“ r ug{ n fO{ @ 306fd} lsg ul/G5< o; cj:yfsf] k|ltlqmofdf, KoflGqmofhn] /utaf6 lrgLnfO{ , df+;k]zL / cGo sf]lzsfx¿df ;fg{ OG;'lng hf/L ub{5 . To;sf/0f, vfgf vfPsf] @ 306f leq, OG;'lng / /utdf Un'sf]hsf] :t/ ;fdfGodf kmls{G5 . o; ;dodf, kf] : 6k| f lG8on Un' s f] h k/LIf0fn] /utdf Un'sf]h Psfu|tf yfxf kfO{G5 . tkfO{+n] vfgf vfO;s]kl5 tkfO{+sf] z/L/n] lrgL / :6fr{nfO{ s;/L k|ltlqmof lbG5 egL x]g{ of] k/LIf0f ul/G5 . tkfO{+sf] k]6df vfgf krfpFbf, /utdf Un'sf]h, jf /utdf lrgLsf] dfqf tLj| ¿kdf a9\5 .

– vfg vfPkl5 z/L/df vfg 6'lqmP/ To;nfO{ tfut -energy_ sf] ?kdf kl/jt{g ug{ s]xL ;do nfUb5 t/

k|foMvfg zf/L/leq krfpg clg ;'u/ a9fpg @ 306f nfU5 . pRr ;'u/:t/ yfxf kfpg, vfg vfPsf] @ 306f kl5sf] ;donfO{ plrt ;do dflgG5 . #= Hba1c hfFr eg]sf] s] xf] < – /utsf] /ftf] sf]l;sfx?;Fu hf]8]/ a;]sf ;'u/sf] dfqf gfKg', of] hfFrsf] kmfObf xf] eg] /utdf /Qm sf]l;sx?sf] pd]/ !@) lbg jf # dlxgf x'g] ePsf] x'Fbf of] hfFrn] la/fdLsf] # dlxgf cuf8Lsf] ;'u/ status b]vfpg dbt u5{ . HbA1c k/LIf0fn] tkfO{+nfO{ ut tLg dlxgfdf nueu rln/x]sf] cf};t /utdf lrgLsf] :t/sf] af/]df atfpF5 . tkfO{sf] /utdf Un'sf]hsf] dfqf hlt a9\5, tkfO{sf] x]df]Unf]lagdf Un'sf]h a9L x'G5 . HbA1C k/LIf0fn] tkfO{+sf] /ftf] /Qm sf]lzsfx¿df Un'sf]h nf]8 x]df]Unf]lag ePsf] k|ltzt gfK5./ftf] /Qm sf]lzsfx¿ ;lqmo / hLljt /xFbf;Dd Un'sf]h x]df]Unf]lag;Fu hf]l8G5 / of] cjlw nueu # dlxgf x'G5 . cGoM hfFrx?df ;'u/sf] :t/ yfxf kfpg ælk;faÆ hfF+r klg ug{ ;lsG5 .

-gf]6M dfly pNn]v ;a} hfFr CWC kf] l nlSnlgs ;fy} ag] k f 8fO{Ugf]l:6s Nofadf– rf/bf]af6f] ag]kfdf pknAw 5 ._ -n]vs CWC–kf]lnlSnlgs, ag]kfdf sfo{/t x'g'x'G5 ._

t]hu+uf SofDk;sf] kf“rf} ;ef

ag]kf÷t]hu+uf ax'd'vL SofDk; kgf}tLsf] kfr F f} SofDk; ;ef cWoIf lzaxfb'/ b]phfsf] cWoIftfdf tyf kgf}tL gu/kflnsf k|d'v /fdz/0f e08f/Lsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . &^ hgf SofDk; ;efsf ;b:o /x]sf] t]hu+uf SofDk;df rfn' z}lIfs ;qdf ^ ;o %@ hgf ljBfyL{ ljleGg txdf cWoog ul//x]sf 5g\ . sfo{qmddf af]Nb} gu/ k|d'v /fdz/0f e08f/Ln] kgf}tL If]qsf] z}lIfs u'0f:t/ ;'wfg ug{ tyf pRr lzIffdf t]hu+ufn] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] atfP . …:yfkgfsf ;dodf blIf0f k"jL{ uflj;sf gful/sx?sf nflu sIff !! cWoog ug{ klg ag]kf;Dd hfg' kg{] cj:yf lyof]Ú–gu/ k|d'v e08f/Ln] eg]–…;z:q åGåsf] dWo ;dodf dlxnfsf] g]t[Tjdf cfkm\g} afa' cfdfsf] :d/0fdf SofDk; z'? u/L of] If]qsf] z}lIfs:t/ ;'wf/sf nflu u/]sf] k|of; k|z+;lgo 5 .Ú cjsf] r'gf}tL / cfufdL lbgdf SofDk;n] v]Ng] e"ldsfsf af/]df ;d]t of]hgf agfpg gu/ k|d'v e08f/Ln] ;'emfj lbP . ;efdf ;+:yfks SofDk; k|d'v 8f=cDa'ejfgL sfsL{n] t]hu+uf ax'd'vL SofDk;n] u/]sf sfo{qmdx?sf] aflif{s k|lta]bg k|:t't u/]sL lyO{g\ . ;efdf cfGtl/s u'0f:t/ ;'lglZrttf ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg, k/LIff ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg, n] v fk/LIfssf] k| l tj] b g, cltl/Qm s[ofsnfk ;ldltn] u/]sf ultljlwsf] k|ltj]bg, 5fqa[lQ ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg, c+u|]hL ljefun] tof/ u/]sf] k|ltj]bg, lkmN8df ul/Psf] cWoogsf] k|ltj]bg, cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmdx?sf] k|ltj]bg / SofDk;sf ljljw ;ldlt tyf O{sfO{x?n] u/]sf k|ltj]bg k|:t't ul/Psf lyP . ;+rfns ;ldltaf6 l:js[t

k|ltj]bgx? ;efaf6 ;j{;Ddt kf; ePsf 5g\ . ;efdf ljZj ljBfno cg'bfg cfof]uaf6 @)&( c;f/ @( ut] SofDk;n] So'PP k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf] hfgsf/L u/fO{Psf] lyof] . SofDk;sf] z}lIfs cj:yf, ljBfyL{ plt{0fb/, txut plQ0f{ b/, z}lIfs sfo{qmdx?, k9fO{ 5f8\g] k|j[lQ, lzIf0f ljwL, ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] cj:yf, cfly{s k|ult ljj/0f, ;fdflhs ;DjGwsf] cj:yf nufotsf ljifodf ;ldIff ul/Psf] lyof] . kl5Nnf] ;do ljBfyL{x? egf{ eP klg SofDk; cfpg 5f8]sf], lgoldt cWoogdf Wofg glbPsf] h:tf ;d:of b]lvg yfn]sf] ;efdf atfO{Psf] lyof] . ;efdf SofDk;n] :ki6 nIo / Woo]sf ;fy cuf8L al9/xs ] f] cj:yfdf cfufdL lbgdf SofDk; ;efnfO{ cem ;so[ / lhDdj]f/ agfpg], SofDk;sf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fusf] cGtl{qmof ug,{] ljZj ljBfno cgb'fg cfofu] h:t} SofDk;nfO{ ;xofu] ug{ ;Sg] cGo bft[ lgsfox?sf] vf]hL ug{], lb3{sflng / cNksflng ofh ] gfx? lgdf0{f u/L ;fl]x cg;'f/sf ultljlwx? ug,{] ;Defjgf / cj;/x?sf] pkofu] ug]{ /0fgLlt agfPsf] ;:+yfks SofDk; kd|v ' sfsLn { ] atfOg{\ . ;'ljwfo'Qm k':tsfno / k|of]uzfnfsf] Aoj:yfkg, ljrdf k9fO{ 5f8g\] kj|l[Q, ljBfyL{ knfog, /fh ] uf/Lsf] ;d:of, kofK{t efl}ts kj"fw{f/sf] ljsf;, vn ] db}fgsf] Aoj:yf, oftfoft tyf kf|ljlws lzIffsf] cfjZostf / ckl/xfot{f ePsf] ;xfos SofDk; kd|v ' led;g] s;]Ln] atfP . ;efn] cflys { jif{ @)*)÷)*! sf] k:|tfljt aflifs { ah6] tyf sfoq{md ;j;{Djtn] kf; u/s ] f] lyof] . sfoq{mddf SofDk; ;r + fns ;ldltsf pkfWoIf /fhf/fd ;h }+ ' tyf ;efsf ;b:ox?, ;+ r fns ;ldlt ;b:ox?, ;Nnfxsf/x?sf] ;xeflutf /xs ] f] lyof] .

#

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

jif{ #) c+s @@ @)*) r}q @@ ut] ljxLjf/

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

hGd !(** efb|

:juf{/f]x0f @)*) r}q !*

:j= s[i0fs'df/L dfgGw/ sfe|] lzIff ljsf; k|lti7fgsf ;+rfns ;b:o e'jgsfhL dfgGw/sf] ddtfdoL dftf s[i0fs'df/L dfgGw/sf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df ddf{lxt ePsf 5f}+ . o; b'Mvb\ 38Ldf d[t cfTdfsf] rL/ zflGtsf] sfdgf ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt w}o{wf/0f ug{] zlQm k|fKt xf];\ elg dfO{ r08]Zj/L;Fu k|fy{gf ub{} xflb{s ;dj]bgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

huGgfy cjf cWoIf tyf

sfe|] lzIff ljsf; k|lti7fg kl/jf/ s'df/ dfgGw/ lk|lG;kn tyf

j;Gt/fh g]kfn lk|lG;kn tyf

sfe|] dfWolds ljBfno sfe|] O·ln; dfWolds ljBfno kl/jf/, ag]kf–^, sfe|] kl/jf/, kgf}tL–$, sfe|]

$

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

jif{ #) c+s @@ @)*) r}q @@ ut] ljxLjf/

hgdtsf] $) cf+} jflif{s pT;j

rf}/Lb]p/fnLsf af“sL ljBfnonfO{

‘tLg tf/f’ 3f]if0ff ug{] k|lta4tf rf}/Lb]p/fnL÷afudtL k|b]zdf klxnf] k6s rf}/Lb]p/fnL ufpFkflnsfsf kfFrj6f ljBfnon] ljBfno vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO{ tyf :jR5tf ;DaGwL sfo{ljwL @)&$, ;+zf]lwt @)&^ n] tf]s]sf !) j6f dfkb08 k"/f u/L tLg tf/f 3f]if0ff eP nuQ} :yfgLo ;/sf/n] ;+rflnt ;a} ljBfnonfO{ tLg tf/f 3f]if0ff ug{] u/L sfo{ ug{] k|lta4tf AoQm u/]sf 5g\ . eljiosf nflu cfwf/ kl/of]hgfsf] k|ult k|:t'tLs/0f sfo{qmddf af]Nb} ufpFkflnsf cWoIf /]0f'sf rf}nufO{n] ufpFkflnsf leq /x]sf ;a} ljBfnox?df tLg tf/f 3f]if0ff ug{] u/L cfufdL jif{sf] ah]6af6 /sd ljlgof]hg ug{] / ;f]lx cg';f/sf sfo{qmdnfO{ s]lGb|t ug{] atfO{g\ . … afudtL k|b]zdf klxnf] k6s rf}/Lb]p/fnL ufpFkflnsfsf kfFrj6f ljBfnodf tLg tf/f 3f]if0ff ul/P kl5 ;sf/fTds ;Gb]z k|jfx ePsf] 5Ú–cWoIf rf}nfufO{n] elgg–…cfufdL jif{ ;a} ljBfnodf tLg tf/f 3f]if0ff ug{] u/L z}lIfs ;q k|f/De b]lv g} sfo{qmdnfO{ cl3 a9fpg ufpFkflnsf / ;fem]bf/ ;+:yf l;ljs kmf]/d;Fu ;dGjo ug{]5f}+ .Ú ;ldIff sfo{qmddf ufpFkflnsfsf k|d'v k|zf;lso clws[t dxfgbf; nfdfn] afnaflnsfx?sf nflu vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO{ tyf :jR5tf sfo{qmd

k|efjsf/L dfq} geO{ cfjZos ePsfn] l;ljs kmf]/dn] jf6/ P8sf] cfly{s ;xof]udf ;+rfng u/]sf] sfo{qmdsf] lg/Gt/tfsf] cfjZostf /x]sf] atfP . ufpFkflnsfn] pQm sfo{qmdsf] lg/Gt/tfsf nflu cfjZos ;dGjo / kxn ug{] k|d'v k|zf;lso clws[t dxfgbf; nfdfn] atfP . sfo{qmddf l;ljs kmf]/dsf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t a;Gt s'Fj/n] jf6/ P8sf] cfly{s tyf k|fljlws ;xof]udf l;ljs kmf]/dn] @)@@ b]lv ;xlhs/0f ul//x]sf] pQm sfo{qmd kflnsfdf /x]sf ## j6f ljBfnox?df k'/f u/fpg] u/L sfo{ eO{/x]sf]] atfP . :yfgLo ;/sf/;Fusf] ;dGjodf ePsf sfd ;xh / ;/n ePsf] atfpFb} s'Fj/n] cfufdL lbgdf klg ufpFkflnsfn] cfjZostf dx;'; u/] lg/Gt/tf lbg] k| l tj4tf atfP . ufpFkflnsfsf lzIff zfvf k|d'v sflnk|;fb zdf{, j8f cWoIfx? lrqk|;fb rf}nfufO{, s[i0fk|;fb uf}td, wgaxfb'/ tfdfª / /fdaxfb'/ nfdfn] tLg tf/f 3f]if0ffsf nflu s]lx dfkb08x? k'/f ug{ afFsL /x]sf ljBfnox?df dfkb08 k'/f u/L tLg tf/f nfu' ug{] k|ltj4tf AoQm u/]sf lyP . l;ljs kmf]/dsf al/i7 sfo{sf/L clws[t a;Gt s'Fj/, eljZosf nflu cfwf/ kl/of]hgf k|d'v ;fGTjgf sfsL{ nufotn] kl/of]hgf cl3, kl/of]hgf kl5 / cfufdL of]hgfsf

af/]df hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP . rf} / Lb] p /fnL ufpF k flnsfdf /x]sf] j8f gDj/ ^ df /x]sf] k|ef dfWolds ljBfno, j8f gDj/ & df /x]sf] l;h{glzn hgtf dfWolds ljBfno, j8f gDj/ % /x]sf c/lgsf] dfWolds ljBfno / hfu[lt dfWolds ljBfno, j8f gDj/ # df /x]sf] a'4 lxdfno dfWolds ljBfnon] g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf !) dfkb08 k'/f u/]sf lyP . ljBfno vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO{ tyf :jR5tf ;dGjo ;ldltn] ljBfnon] k'/f ug{' kg{] !) j6f ;"rsx?df vfg]kfgL, zf}rfno, ;kmf, :jR5 / xl/ofnL jftfj/0f, vfgfsf] :jR5tf, :jR5tf ;' l jwf, :jR5tf lzIff, dlxgfjf/L :jR5tf Aoj:yfkg, ljkb hf]lvd tyf Aoj:yfkg, cg'udg tyf hjfkmb]lxtf k'/f u/]sf cfwf/df tLg tf/f 3f]if0ffsf nflu cg'dlt

of]u ;fwsx?nfO{ !@ lbg] tflnd

1fgs'~h :s'ndf o'=s]=hL= txdf cWoog/t %& hgf lblIft

ag] k f÷1fgs' ~ h z} l Ifs k|lti7fg cGtu{t 1fgs'~h lsG8/uf6]{gdf o'=s]=hL= txdf cWoog/t %& hgf ljBfyL{x? bLlIft ePsf 5g\ . sfo{qmd z}lIfs k|lti7fgsf cWoIf ;'/s[i0f j}Bsf] k|d'v cfltYodf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . j}Bn] z}lIfs u'0f:t/, cfw'lgs lzIf0f l;sfO, j}1flgs / afnd}qL 9+un] ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] / cfufdL lbgdf ;d]t cem} ;zQm / ;an x'Fb} ljZjf; JoQm u/]sf lyP . a}Bn] bLlIft ljBfyL{x?nfO{ awfO{ tyf z'esfdgf lbb} pQ/f]Q/ k|ult / pHHjn eljiosf] sfdgf sfdgf AoQm u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf k|lti7fgsf k|aGw lgb]{zs k|tfk j}Bn] :jfut dGtJo /fv]sf lyP . lgb]{zs j}Bn] k|lti7fgn] afnd}qL jtfj/0fdf afn dgf]k/fdz{bftfx? ;lxtsf] pkl:yltdf lzIf0f l;sfO{ lqmofsnfk ub]{ z}lIfs ;q @)*! df klg ljBfyL{x?sf] lzIffsf ;fy ;fy} g]t[Tj ljsf;, ;DaGw lgdf0f{, efjgfTds Jojxf/, nufot k9fO;uF ;DalGwt o'u ;'xFfpbf] yk sfo{qmdx? cfof]hgf ug]{ k|lta4tf AoQm u/]sf lyP . …lzIffÚ dfgj hLjgsf] ckl/xfo{ t f / hLjgz} n L;F u ;DalGwt /x] s f] n ] ;dosf] dfu cg' ? k lzIffsf] ;+ / rgf kl/jt{ g ub] { g} l ts, Jofjxfl/s

lbg] Aoj:yf 5 . rf} / Lb] p /fnL ufpFkflnsfsf] cfof]hgf tyf l;ljs kmf]/dsf] ;xlhs/0fdf tLg tf/f 3f]if0ff ug{] sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . rf} / Lb] p /fnL ufpF k flnsfdf /x]sf %( j6f ljBfno clxn] ## j6fdf l;ldt ePsf 5g\ . @)&$ ;fndf %( j6faf6 %# j6f ljBfno sfod ePsf]df % jif{sf] cjwLdf @) j6f ljBfno aGb ePsf 5g\ . rf}/Lb]p/fnL ufpFkflnsfdf xfn ( j6f j8f 5g\ . ( j6f j8fdf /x]sf !@ j6f dfWolds txsf ljBfno dWo] !) j6f ;+rfngdf 5g\ . k|fylds txsf !% j6f ljBfno aGb ePsf 5g\ . cfwf/e't txsf * j6f ljBfno aGb ePsf 5g\ . ufpFkflnsfn] s]lx ljBfnosf] tx 36'jf u/]sf] 5 . cfufdL z}lIfs ;qaf6 bh{gf} ljBfno aGb x'g] cj:yfdf k'u]sf 5g\ .

lzIffsf nflu 1fgs' ~ h ;b} j nflu /xg] a} w n] atfP . lzIffsf] cjwf/0fdf lstfaL 1fgn] dfq k" 0 f{ t f gx' g ] lgisif{ lgsfNb} ;a} z} l Ifs ;+ : yfx?n] lstfaL 1fgsf ;fy;fy} hLjg pkof] u L lzIffdf klg hf] 8 lbg' k g] { cfjZostf /x] s f] a} B n] atfP . z} l Ifs ;q @)*! b] l v ljBfyL{ x ?nfO{ lstfaL 1fgsf] ;fy ;fy} hLjg pkof] u L lzIffsf] nflu df} ; d cg' ; f/sf] t/sf/L afnL tyf s[ l if ;DaGwL lzIff -sf} ; L v] t L_, b} l gs lbgrof{ d f cfjZosLo lzIff cGtu{ t s' l sË, l;nfO a' g fO{ , ljleGg lsl;dsf] crf/, u' G b' | s , d:of} / f tyf ljleGg l;hgdf pTkfbg a9L x' g ] kmnnfO{ :6f] / ] h tyf 8« f O u/L ckm l;hgdf k| o f] u ug{ ldNg] lzIff k| b fg u/L ljBfyL{ hLjgaf6 g} pBdL, Joj;foL tyf cf–cfˆgf ;dosf] ;xL ;b' k of] u b] l v, ljleGg lsl;dsf] jrt tyf ldtJolotf s] xf] <eGg] lzIff k| b fg ug] { a} w n] atfP . sfo{qmddf k|lti7fgsf ;~rfns cfTdf/fd yfkf, ;xfos sn]h k|d'v gj/fh rf}nfufO{, ;xfos lk|lG;kn /Tg/fh vltj8f, cleefjs, lzIfsx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf %& hgf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ lblIft ul/Psf] lyof] .

l;kf3f6÷kt+hnL of]u ;ldlt sfe|]sf] cfof]hgfdf d08gb]pk"/ gu/kflnsf j8f g+= ^ l;kf3f6df O{Gb|]Zj/ of]u ;fwgf s]Gb|sf of]u ;fwsx?nfO{ !@ lbg] pk–of]u lzIfs tflndsf] ;dfkg ul/Psf] 5 . tflnd ;dfkg kZrft kt~hnL of]u ;ldlt g]kfnsf s]lGb|o ;b:o Pj+ afUdtL k|b]z k|d'v u'|a]g tf}hn] o1 xf]d u/L %& hgf k|lzIfsx?nfO{ k|df0f kq ljt/0f u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmd kt+hnL of]u ;ldlt sfe| ] s f cWoIf xl/z/0f >] i 7sf] ;efkltTjdf ePsf] lyof] . ;dfkg sfo{qmddf ;xefuLx? dWo]af6 ;"o{k|;fb 9sfn, d08gb]pk"/ g=kf= j8f g+= ^ sf j8f cWoIf ;f]dk|;fb 9sfnn] z'esfkgf dGtJo tyf of]u ;ldltsf pkfWoIf k|sfz sfoiyn] :jfut dGtJo /fv]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf ;+u7g dGqL Zofds'df/ >]i7n] wGojfb 1fkg u/]sf lyP eg] ;+rfng dxfdGqL df]xg s[i0f >]i7n] u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf eQm]Zj/ of]u ;fwgf s]Gb|sf of]u lzIfs b'uf{ 9sfn, ag]kf gu/ ;+of]hs dlgiff a8fn ;xefuL /x]sf]

ag]kf÷hgdt jfª\do k|lti7fg g]kfnsf] $) cf} jflif{sf]T;j tyf ;Ddfg sfo{qmd al/i7 slj tyf snfsf/ g/]Gb| axfb'/ >]i7sf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . k|d'v cltyL >]i7n] hgdtn] b]ze/s} ;flxTosf/x?nfO{ ;do ;dodf ;Ddfg ub{} cfPsf]df wGoafb lbPsf lyP eg] cfufdL lbgdf ;d]t pQm sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg cfu|x u/]sf lyP . jfª\do k|lti7fgn] h'g pb]Zo lnP/ ;Ddfg / ;flxTos dfl;s klqsf k|sfzgdf ;flxTosf/x?sf] >[hgf ;d]6]/ ;flxTosf/x?sf] ;Ddfg ePsf] >]i7n] atfP . sfo{qmddf k|lti7fgsf cWoIf df]xg b'jfnn] @)#( ;fndf hgdtsf] ;flxTos kflIfs klqsf k|sfzg u/]sf] / @)$% ;fnb]vL xfn ;Dd lg/Gt/ dfl;s ;flxlTos klqsf k|sfzgdf lg/Gt/tf lbg ;kmn ePsf] atfP . hgdt dfl;s klqsf #!* c+s k|sfzg ePsf] 5 . xfn;;Dd k|lti7fgaf6

@!( hgf ;flxTosf/x?nfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] 5 . k|lti7fgdf ljleGg ;xof]uLx?n] pknAw u/fPsf] ;xof]u /sdnfO{ d'2lt sf]if :yfkgf ul/Psf] / pQm sf]ifaf6 g} ;Ddfg ul/Fb} cfPsf] cWoIf b'jfnn] atfP . sfo{qmddf @)&( ;fnsf] k|ltef ;Ddfgaf6 !% ljlzi6 AolQmx?nfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . ljleGg ljBfaf6 ;Ddflgt x'g]x?df k|f=8f=nId0f k|;fb uf}td -jfUn'ª_ k|df]b k|wfg df]/ª_ k|f=8f=cle ;'j]bL -t]x«y'd_, /fh]z vgfn -dxf]t/L_, gd{b]Zj/L ;Tofn -;ªv'jf;ef_, nIdL dfnL -sf7df8f}_, /ljGb| >]i7 -eQmk'/_, afa'/fd >]i7 -df]/ª_, d]l/gf :d[lt -sf7df8f}_, uu+fb]jL s;h" -jfun'ª_, /fds[i0f sdf{rfo{ -nlntk'/_, dx]z kf}8\ofn -emfkf_, k|f=8f= l;h{gf >]i7 sf7df8f}_, lbg]z u'Ktf -k;{f_, /fd/fhf wf}e8]n sfe|]_ ;Ddflgt ePsf lyP . sfo{qmdsf] ;efkltTj hgdtsf dfgfy{ ;+/Ifs /fhefO{ k|wfgn] u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf ;Ddflgt sljx?n] sljtf afrg u/]sf lyP .

lyof] .

sfo{qmddf O{Gb|]Zj/ of]u ;fwgf s]Gb| d08gb]pk"/ j8f g+= ^ df /fhg 8f]6]nsf] ;+of]hsdf gofF sfo{;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5, To;}u/L ;b:odf k|]dsfhL kf]6], bfn k|;fb g]kfn, g]q axfb'/ 9'Ëfgf, ;"o{ k|;fb 9sfn, k|sfz cfrfo{, zzL s'df/ e§/fO{ /x]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L d08gb]pk"/ gu/ of]u ;ldlt ;"o{k|;fb 9sfnsf] ;+of]hsdf u7g ePsf] 5 . ;ldltsf] ;x–;+of]hs ;fljqL hds§]n, ;x–;+of]hs /fhg 8f]6]n, dxfdGqL gf/fo0fs[i0f >]i7, ;+u7g dGqL lbks k|;fb nD;fn, sf]iffWoIf pQd nfdf, dGqL /fh]Gb| k/fh'nL, ;b:ox?df /fds'df/ >]i7, k|]dsfhL kf]6], z+v/ b'nfn, O{Zj/L ltldlN;gf, u+uf >]i7, lbndfofF >]i7, a'g' ljBfw/, ;'/]Gb| kf}8]n, /d]z 9sfn, ;Nnfxsf/ ;+of]hs cfgGb ;fksf]6f, ;Nnfxsf/ ;f]dk|;fb 9sfn, j8f g+= ^ sf j8f cWoIf lji0f' k|;fb kf}8]n, j8f g+= & sf j8f cWoIf d'/fnL k|;fb ;fksf]6f /x]sf 5g\ . alatf eF8]n, k|lzIffyL{

$)

C0f r'Qmf ug{ cfpg] af/]sf] !% lbg] ;"rgf bf];|f] k6s k|sflzt ldlt M @)*)÷!@÷@@

tkl;ndf pNn]lvt C0fLx?n] o; ;+:yfaf6 ljleGg lzif{s cGtu{t shf{ afkt o; ;+:yf;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tfsf] zt{ adf]lhd ;+:yfnfO{ ls:tfaGbL ?kdf a'emfpg'kg] ;fFjf tyf Jofh k6sk6s df}lvs tyf lnlvt kq u/L tf/tfs]tf u/fpFbf ;d]t j]jf:tf u/L ltg{ a'emfpg gcfpg' ePsfn] tkfO{x?n] o; ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt ug{'ePsf] C0fsf] ;fFjf, Jofh e'Qmfg ug{ cfpg' elg of] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 .

C0fLsf] gfd M lbg]z/fh kGt C0fLsf] gfd M a'4axfb'/ ldhf/ ;b:otf g+= &@@^ ;b:otf g+= )$%& 7]ufgf M ag]kf–( 7]ufgf M w'lnv]n–$ shf{ lzif{s M xfo/ kr{]h shf{ lzif{s M xfo/ kr{]h afa'sf] gfd M t'nk|;fb kGt afa'sf] gfd M dg axfb'/ ldhf/ afh]sf] gfd M ch{'g kGt afh]sf] gfd M 7"n] ldhf/ gful/stf g+= M &)*)& gful/stf g+= M #)!)#&÷!&#!($ C0fLsf] gfd M /flhj >]i7 C0fLsf] gfd M df]xg s'df/ lqkf7L ;b:otf g+= &#@# ;b:otf g+= &)*@ 7]ufgf M ag]kf–!)

7]ufgf M ag]kf–^ shf{ lzif{s M Jofkf/ shf{ lzif{s M ;fdflhs sfo{ afa'sf] gfd M s}nfz /fh >]i7 afa'sf] gfd M dxf?b| lqkf7L afh]sf] gfd M kbd /fh >]i7 afh]sf] gfd M lzjnfn lqkf7L gful/stf g+= M !@*@$# gful/stf g+= M &^)&* C0fLsf] gfd M b|f}klt u'?ª C0fLsf] gfd M Hof]lt >]i7 ;b:otf g+= @##% ;b:otf g+= &@)) 7]ufgf M w'lnv]n–$ 7]ufgf M ag]kf–($ shf{ lzif{s M Jofkf/ shf{ lzif{s M Joj;fo kltsf] gfd M sfG5f u'?ª afa'sf] gfd M ;"o{eQm >]i7 ;;'/fsf] gfd M ;"o{axfb'/ u'?ª afh]sf] gfd M gful/stf g+= M %!@#@÷#%$) gful/stf g+= M

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL shf{ e'QmfgL ug{ cfpg] af/] #%lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf -k|yd k6s k|sflzt M @)*)÷!@÷@@ ut] lalxaf/_

hGdM @)$&.)*.)(

:juf{/f]x0fM @)*).!@.!%

:j= k|ltef wf}e8]n cfhfb dfWolds ljBfno P;Pn;L @)## ;d'xsf ldq Zofd/fhf wf}e8]nsf ;'k'qL 8f= k|ltef wf}e8]nsf] csNkgLo cNkfo"d} lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf JoQm ub{5f}F .

df]xg j}B ;lrj

;fx]anfn zfSo cWoIf

cfhfb dfWolds ljBfno

P;Pn;L @)## ;d"x kl/jf/, ag]kf, sfe|]

o; lk|ldo/ art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf lnld6]8, ag]kf–)& af6 tklzn adf]lhdsf] C0fL ;b:on] Jofkf/÷Joj;fo shf{ pkef]u ub}{ cfpg'ePsf] / pQm shf{sf] ;do–;dodf ltg{ a'emfpg'kg]{ ;fFjf, Jofh;d]tsf] ls:tf e'QmfgL ug{ cfpg k6s–k6s df}lvs Pj+ lnlvt ?kdf ;'rgf u/L tf/tfs]tf ubf{ ;d]t C0fsf] ;fFjf, Jofh tyf cGo b]–b:t'/ r'Qmf e'QmfgL ug{ s'g} rf;f] gb]vfO{ a]jf:tf ug'{ePsf]n] shf{ e'QmfgL ug{ cfpg of] #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;'rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] cjlw leq ;+:yfdf a'emfpg'kg]{ shf{sf] ;Dk'0f{ ;fFjf, Jofh tyf cGo b]–b:t'/ ;d]t r'Qmf u/L cfˆgf] lwtf] ;DklQ km's'jf u/L lng'x'g ;'lrt ul/G5 . cGoyf ;xsf/L P]g lgod / shf{ lnFbfsf] avt ul/Psf] td;'s, zt{ tyf sa'lnotgfdf cg';f/ yk sf/afxL k|lqmof cuf8L a9fO{g] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 .

tklzn l;=g+= !=

C0fLsf] ljj/0f gfd M O{Zj/ s'df/ l3ld/] 7]ufgfM Rofd|fËa]+zL–^, sfe]| -xfn a]yfgrf]s–!, sfe]|_ gf=k|=k=g+= M #)#)@#÷!*$ hf/L ldlt M @)^#÷!)÷)( afa'sf] gfd M o1 k|;fb l3ld/] afh]sf] gfd M r]tgfy l3ld/]

C0fLsf] kmf]6f]

wghdfgL ljj/0f wghdfgL kmf]6f] gfd M ;ljtf g/fn 7]ufgf M dy'/fkf6L km'naf/L–#, sfe]| -xfn a]yfgrf]s–!, sfe]|_ gf=k|=k=g+= M #)–)!–)^*–@^#%!÷ sfe]| hf/L ldlt M @)^*÷)*÷@* afa'÷kltsf] gfd M s[i0f k|;fb g/fn÷OZj/ s'df/ l3ld/] afh]÷;;'/fsf] gfd M a}hgfy g/fn÷o1 k|;fb l3ld/]

;'/If0fdf /x]sf] lwtf] ljj/0f M != >L dfnkf]t sfof{no, w'lnv]n sfe]|knf~rf]sdf ;ljtf g/fnsf] gfddf btf{ >]:tf sfod /x]sf] km'naf/L uf=lj=;= j8f g+ $, sfe]| l:yt lsQf g+ *!) sf] If]qkmn (–)–)–) -/f]=cf=k}=bf=_ sf] hUuf / ;f]n] rr]{sf] lnunufkft ;d]t .

%

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

@ ;o *( s}bL aGbLnfO{ tgfj Aoj:yfkgsf nflu of]ufEof; tyf dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{

w' l nv] n ÷lhNnf sf/fuf/ sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]sdf /x]sf s}bL aGbLx?sf] tgfj Aoj:yfkgsf nflu of]ufEof; tyf dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{ pknAw u/fO{Psf] 5 . cfo' j { ] b tyf j} s lNks lrlsT;fno sfe|]sf] cfof]hgfdf cfof]lht tLg lbg] sfo{qmd cfh ljxLaf/ ;dfkg

ul/Psf] xf] . …ljljw sf/0fn] h]n hLjg ljtfpg' k/]sf s}bL alGbx?nfO{ x'g] tgfj tyf dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{ u/fpg] pbZon] of]ufEof; tyf dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{ sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/Psf] xf]Ú– cfo'j{]b tyf a}slNks lrlsT;fnosf k|d'v 8f= jz+jbf sf}l08GGofogLn] elgg–…@ ;o *( hgf s}bL aGbLx?n] pQm of]ufEof;df

;xeflu ePsf lyP .Ú r}q !#, !$ / !% ut] ;Dd cfof]lht sfo{qmddf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ?b|fb]jL zdf{sf] k|d'v cfltYotf /x]sf] lyof] . tLg lbg] sfo{qmddf k|lzIfsåo of]ufrfo{ >L/fd kf08] tyf hLjg lj1fgsf laGbf cfrfo{n] k|lzlIft u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf k|x/L k|d'v P;kL a;'Gw/f v8\sf, sf/fuf/ sfof{no k|d'v k/z'/fd yfkf, cfo'j{]b tyf a}slNks lrlsT;fnosf k|d'v 8f= jz+jbf sf}l08GGofogL nufotn] s}bL aGbLx?n] ef]Ug' k/]sf] ;d:ofsf sf/0f pTkGg x'g] tgfj Aoj:yfkg ug{] ljwL / k|s[ofsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP . hxfF /xbFf klg hLjgnfO{ ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf ;fy cl3 a9fpg ;xeflux?n] cg'/f]w u/]sf lyP . cfo' j { ] b tyf j} s lNks lrlsT;fnon] lhNnfsf ljleGg If]qsf AolQmx?nfO{ tgfj Aoj:yfkg ;DjGwL of]ufEof; u/fO{/x]sf] 5 . o; cl3 lhNnfsf sfof{no k|d'vx?nfO{ klg of]fufEof; u/fPsf] lyof] .

r08]Zj/L dfljdf afnaflnsfx?sf] bLIffGt ag]kf, gfnf÷ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf] $# cf} :yfkgf lbj;sf] cj;/df gu/ If]qaf6 pTs[i6 ljBfnosf ?kdf ;Ddfg kfPsf] ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ $ l:yt r08]Zj/L dfWolds ljBfnon] ;fd'bflos ljBfno tkm{ klxnf] k6s s]hL sIffaf6 Ps sIffdf plQ0f{ ePsf afnaflnsfx?sf] bLIffGt u/fPsf] 5 . …ljBfnon] afnaflnsfx?sf] k|ltefnfO{ k|:km'6g ug{] tyf plgx?df ePsf] Ifdtf cleefjsx? ;dIf k|:t't ug{] pb] Z on] klxnf] k6s ;fd' b flos ljBfnox?n] ;+rfng u/]sf lzz' sIffaf6 sIff Pssf nflu of]Uo ljBfyL{x?sf] bLIffGt ;df/f] x cfof] h gf u/] s f] xf]Ú–k|wfgfWofks Zofdk|;fb kf08]on] eg]–…xfdL lzIffnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo dfq} xf]O{g ;dofg'sn / Aojxf/Ls agfpFb} cAan ljBfno / ljBfyL{ tof/ ug{] cleofgdf

s[oflzn ePsf 5f}+ .Ú ;d'bfon] ;fd'bflos ljBfnox?n] klg cAan lzIff lbG5g eGg] pbfx/0f aGg] u/L z}lIfs sfo{qmd s]lGb|t u/]sf] k|wfgfWofks kf08]on] atfP . sfo{qmddf ag]kf gu/kflnsf pkk|d'v ljdnf ;fksf]6f bfxfnn] bLlIft ePsf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ k'/:s[t u/]sL lyO{g\ . gu/ If]qsf ;a} ljBfnox?df u'0f:t/Lo lzIff k|bfg ug{ gu/kflnsfn] lnPsf] ;f]r / of]hgfnfO{ k'/f ug{] u/L r08]Zj/L dfljn] Aojxf/Ls lzIffsf] pbfx/0f ag]sf] pkk|d'v ljdnf ;fksf]6fn] atfO{g\ . $! hgf ljBfyL{ lblIft ul/Psf] pQm sfo{qmddf Kn] u|'k / g;{/Lsf afnaflnsfx?n] ;f+:s[lts k|ltef k|:t't u/]sf lyP . k|d'v k|zf;lso clws[t ef]nfk|;fb rfkfufO{n] r08]Zj/L gu/ leqsf] dfq} geO{ lhNnfs} gd'gf ljBfnosf ?kdf lrlgPsf] atfP . ljBfnon] efiff,;+:s[lt, O{ltxf;, cg'zf;gsf nflu g}ltsjfg\ gDj/

ljBfyL{ tof/ ug{] cleofgdf hf]8 lbg'kg{] k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t rfkfufO{n] atfP . & ;oeGbf w]/} ljBfyL{x? cWoog ul//x]sf] pQm ljBfnodf Aoj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf Pj+ j8f gDj/ $ sf cWoIf Zofd;'Gb/ >]i7n] ljBfnon] gd'gf / pbfx/0fLo sfo{ ul//x]sf] atfP . ljBfnosf] cfkm\g} k"jf{wf/, ljBfno a; tyf ljBfnosf] sf]if lgdf{0f u/L Aoj:yfkg ul/Psf] cWoIf >]i7n] atfP . sfo{qmddf g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 sfe|] zfvfsf lgjt{dfg cWoIf df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf, ljBfnosf ;Nnfxsf/ t'nk|;fb bfxfn, ljBfno lzIfs l/tf afb] >]i7 nufotn] ljBfnosf] u'0f:t/Lo lzIff / Aojxf/Ls lzIffdf r08]Zj/L dfjLsf] of]ubfgsf af/]df rrf{ u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf :yfgLo cleefjs, ;Nnfxsf/, Aoj:yfkg ;ldlt ;b:ox?, lzIfs tyf sd{rf/L kl/jf/sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

w'lnv]nn] yKof] & j6f kl/ifb\

– w'lnv]ndf afudtL k|b]z :t/Lo :jf:Yo tflnd s]Gb| :yfkgf ug{] lg0f{o w'lnv]n÷w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] @& cf} a}7sn] gu/kflnsfsf ljleGg ultljlwx?nfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;+rfng ug{ gu/ :t/Lo & j6f kl/ifb\ u7g ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . o; cl3 % j6f kl/ifb\n] gu/ leq ljleGg ultljlwx? ;+rfng ul//x]sf 5g\ . gu/ If]q leqsf] ul/jL Go"gLs/0f ug{ tyf cfd gful/sx?sf] kx"Fr :yflkt ug{ kl/ifbx? k|efjsf/L x'g]5g\ . gu/ sfo{kflnsf cWoIf Pj+ gu/kflnsf k|d'v czf]s Aof~h'n] w'lnv]nfO{ ko{6g, s[lif, v]ns'b, pBd tyf Aoj;fo, snf / ;flxTo nufotsf If]qsf] ljsf;;Fu} gu/sf ;du| of]hgfx?sf] lgdf{0fsf nflu yk & j6f kl/ifb\ u7g ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf] hfgsf/L lbP . …snf, ;flxTo / ;+lutsf] ljsf;sf nflu k|1f kl/ifb\, w'lnv]nsf] ;du| ko{6g If]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu ko{6g kl/ifb\, s[lif tyf kz'kfng If]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu s[lif kl/ifb\, pBf]ux?sf] ljsf;sf nflu pBd kl/ifb, Aoj;foLx?sf] lxt tyf ljsf;sf nflu Aoj;foL kl/ifb\, v]n If]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu v]ns'b kl/ifb\ / ;du| of]hgfx?sf] lgdf{0fsf nflu of]hgf kl/ifb\ u7g ug{] lg0f{o ePsf] 5Ú–gu/ k|d'v Aof~h'n] eg]–…o; cl3 u7g ePsf o'jf, dlxnf, blnt, ckfËtf /

cflbjf;L hghflt kl/ifb\ n ] u/] s f sfo{x?sf] pknAwL / cfufdL lbgdf yk k|efjsf/L agfpg ug{' kg{] sfo{x?sf af/]df ;d]t gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] a}7sn] ;'emfj ;lxtsf] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .Ú ;fdflhs ;dfj]zL, ul/jL Go"gLs/0f, afnaflnsf tyf a}b]lzs /f]huf/ Aoj:yfkgsf nflu kl/ifb\x? u7g tyf kl/rfng ub{} cfPsf] gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf ;b:o ;lrj Pj+ k|d'v k|zf;lso clws[t ;'/]Gb| yfkf du/n] atfP . …gu/kflnsf If]q leq a;f]af; ug{] ;a} ju{ ljz]if u/L ckfËtf, dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt tyf o'jf au{nfO{ nfe k'Ug] u/L :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;+rfng P]g @)&$ sf] bkmf !)@ n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L ljleGg kl/ifb\x? u7g ePsf lyPÚ–k|d'v k|zf;lso clws[t ;'/]Gb| yfkf du/n] eg]–…kl/ifb\x? u7g tyf ;+rfngsf nflu @)&% df hf/L u7g tyf ;+rfng sfo{ljlw cg';f/ d]o/ ul/jL lgjf/0f sfo{qmd dfkm{t nlIft sfo{qmdx? sfof{Gjogsf nflu yk kl/ifb\x? u7g ul/Psf] xf] .Ú kl/ifb\sf] cWoIfdf gu/ k|d'v / ;x cWoIfdf gu/ pkk|d'v /xg] Aoj:yf 5 . ;fy} ;DjlGwt ju{sf] k|ltlglw sfo{sf/L pkfWoIf /xg] / ;a} j8fx?af6 tt\ tt\ ju{af6 !÷! hgf ;b:o /xg] Aoj:yf kl/ifb u7g tyf ;+rfng sfo{ljlw @)&% n] u/]sf] 5 .

kl/ifb\x?n] ;DjlGwt ju{sf] cfjlws tyf aflif{s of]hgfsf] pb]Zo, nIo tyf gLlt to ug{], ;a} nlIft ju{sf] nut tof/ ug{], gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx? th{'df ug{ gu/sfo{kflnsfnfO{ ;'emfj lbg], hLjg :t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg] vfnsf cfod'ns tyf /f]huf/d'ns sfo{qmdx?sf] klxrfg, ;+rfng ug{ ;xof]u ug{], gu/ tyf j8f :t/Lo sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug{ ;xlhs/0f ug{], nlIft ju{sf] ;du| ljsf; / ;zlQms/0fsf ljifo If]qx? to ug{], of]hgf th{'df tyf sfof{Gjogdf cflwsf/Ls ;xeflutf u/fpg], ;+rflnt sfo{qmdx?sf] cg'udg ug{] / tTsfn ;'wf/sf nflu k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug{]5g . o; cl3 ul7t kl/ifb\x?n] ul/jL lgjf/0fsf nflu cfod'ns sfo{x? u/L dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf 5g\ . gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] a}7sn] afudtL k|b]z ;/sf/n] sfe|]sf] w'lnv]ndf :yfkgf ug{] u/L lg0f{o u/]sf] k|b]z :t/Lo :jf:Yo tflnd s]Gb|sf nflu cfjZos kg{] hUuf / tTsfnsf nflu ejg pknAw u/fpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . pQm sfo{sf nflu afudtL k|b]z :jf:Yo dGqfnoaf6 w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfnfO{ dGqL:t/Lo lg0f{o ;lxt hUuf / ejg pknAw u/fpg dfu ePsf] lyof] . ;f]lx dfu cg';f/ hUuf / ejg pknAw u/fpg] lg0f{o ePsf] xf] .

shf{ r'Qmf e'QmfgL ;DaGwL !% lbg] cToGt h?/L ;"rgf bf];|f] k6s k|sflzt ldlt M @)*)÷!@÷@@ o; ;+:yfsf] tklzndf pNn]lvt C0fL ;b:on] Joj;flos÷3/]n' sfo{sf nflu o; ;+:yfaf6 shf{ ;'ljwf lnO{ o; ;+:yfnfO ;do ;dodf ltg{ a'emfpg' kg]{ ;fFjf, Aofh tyf xhf{gf /sd e'QmfgL ug{ cfpg' elg k6s–k6s d}]lvs tyf lnlvt tfs]tf ubf{ ;d]t ;+:yfsf] shf{ r'Qmf e'QmfgL ug]{ tkm{ s'g} rf;f] gb]vfO{ af+ls aSof}tf /flv a:g' ePsf]n] shf{ e'QmfgL ;DaGwL ljleGg ldltdf kqfrf/ ;fy} ldlt @)*)÷)*÷!$, @)*)÷)*÷@* / @)*)÷)(÷!( ut] :yflgo r]i6f ;fKtflxs klqsfdf shf{ e'QmgL ;DaGwL #% -k}+lt;_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/ C0fL, hdfgLstf{ ;d]tnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpbf ;d]t shf{sf] ;fFjf, Aofh tyf cGo b} b:t'/ r'Qmf e'QmfgL ug]{ tkm{ rf;f] gb]vfPsf]n] k'g !% -kGw|_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . t;y{ of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] !% -kGw|_ lbgleq o; ;+:yfsf] sfof{nodf ;Dks{ /fvL ;+:yfnfO{ a'emfpg'kg{] shf{sf] ;Dk'0f{ ;fFjf, Aofh tyf cGo b} b:t'/ ;d]t r'Qmf e'QmfgL ug'{x'g cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ . olb C0fLn] o; ;"rgfsf] a]jf:tf ul/ ;f] efvf leq /sd e'QmfgL gu/]df afudlt k|b]z ;xsf/L P]g @)&^ sf] bkmf ^$, afudlt k|b]z ;xsf/L lgodfjnL @)&^ sf] bkmf !( / ;+:yfsf] ljlgod tyf gLlt adf]lhd lwtf] ;'/If0f lbPsf] rn crn ;Dklt lnnfd laqmL ul/ jf cGo s'g} Joj:yf ul/ ;+:yfsf] cfˆgf] n]gf /sd c;'n pk/ ul/g] 5 . ;f] af6 klg gk'u e} k'/f /sd c;'n pk/ gePdf sfg'g adf]lhs sfjf{lx u/L ;DalGwt C0fL, hdfgLstf{ jf Psf3/ ;+uf]nsf clzof/x?sf] gfpdf /x]sf] rn crn ;Dkltaf6 c;'n pk/ ul/g] 5 . sfg'gL k|s[ofdf nfUg] ;Dk'0f{ /sd C0fLaf6 g} c;'n ul/g] hfgsf/L u/fOG5 . tkzLn C0fLsf] ljj/0f != gfd M w'|j k|;fb rf}nfufO{ @= gfd M s]bf/ axfb'/ v8\sf 7]ufgf M kfFrvfn j8f g+ ^, sfe|]knf~rf]s 7]ufgf M eQmk'/ g=kf !&, eQmk'/ afa'sf] gfd M g/xl/ rf}nfufO{ afa'sf] gfd M /]zd axfb'/ v8\sf afh]sf] gfd M s[i0nfn rf}nfufO{ afh]sf] gfd M kbd l; v8\sf gf= k|=g+= M @(!&÷^(% gf= k|=g+= M !@@@# hf/L ldlt / lhNnf M @)$$÷!@÷!% sfe|]knf~rf]s hf/L ldlt / lhNnf M @)$!÷)(÷)@ l;Gw'kfNrf]s #= gfd M >Lhgf >]i7 $= gfd M ?sd'0fL rf}nfufO{ 7]ufgf M ag]kf g=kf *, sfe|]knf~rf]s 7]ufgf M ag]kf g=kf !#, sfe|]knf~rf]s kltsf] gfd M ljgf]b nfn >]i7 kltsf] gfd M emDs k|;fb rf}nfufO{ ;;'/fsf] gfd M ofbj nfn >]i7 ;;'/fsf] gfd M gGbnfn rf}nfufO{ gf= k|=g+= %&^) gf= k|=g+= M &%#$! hf/L ldlt / lhNnf M @)$(÷!!÷!% sf7df08f}+ hf/L ldlt / lhNnf M @)%$÷!@÷)( sfe|]knf~rf]s

jif{ #) c+s @@ @)*) r}q @@ ut] ljxLjf/

j8f gDj/ @ / !@ df dlxnfx?sf] kf7]3/ hf“r lzlj/ w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfn] cf7 dlxgfdf lzlj/ dfkm{t ljleGg /f]u;“u ;DalGwt !) xhf/ gful/snfO{ ;]jf k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . wl'nvn ] ÷wl'nvn ] gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ @ /jLcfk]L :jf:Yo rfs } Ldf Ps lbg] lzlj/ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . wl'nvn ] gu/kflnsf :jf:Yo zfvfsf] cfofh ] gfdf tyf gk]fn kl/jf/ lgofh ] g ;3+ agk]f zfvfsf] kf|ljlws ;xofu]df :jf:Yo lzlj/ ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf j8f g @ sf j8f cWoIf ch{'g Gof}kfg]sf] ;efkltTjdf ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf :jf:Yo sfof{nosf lgldQ k|d'v clgtf vgfnn] w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfn] :jf:Yosf s[ofsnfkx?df pNn]Vo sfo{ ub{} gful/ssf] :jf:Yo sfo{df cfkm'nfO{ cAan ;flat u/]sf] atfO{g\ . :jf:Yo lzlj/df &@ hgf

dlxnfx?sf] :jf:Yo kl/If0f ul/ kf7]3/df x'g] /f]usf] pkrf/, cfª v;]sf dlxnfsf] kf7]3/df l/ª /fVg] sfo{ tyf of}g /f]usf] pkrf/ / kf7]3/sf] d'vsf] SofG;/sf] kl/If0f ul/Psf] :jf:Yo zfvf k|d'v ;GbLk s]=;L=n] atfP . w'lnv]nn] :j:y zx/ sfo{qmd dfkm{t gful/ssf] :jf:y k|fyldstfdf /fv]sf] pNn]v ub{} dlxnfx?sf] :jf:y ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ j8f sfo{fno ;w} tTk/ /x]sf] j8f cWoIf Gof}kfg]n] atfP . lzlj/df dlxnfx?sf] /f]u n'sfP/ a:bf kf7]3/sf] ;d:of b]lvg] u/]sf] :jf:Yo clws[t z/brG› yfkfn] atfP .

! ;o !* hgfn] lnP ;]jf w'lnv]n÷w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ !@ sf] z+v'kf6Lrf}/ :jf:Yo rf}sLdf dlxnfx?sf] kf7]3/ kl/If0f tyf cfª v:g] ;d:ofsf] kl/If0f ;lxt pkrf/ lzlj/ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . :jf:Yo rf}sLdf cfof]lht lzlj/df ! ;o !* hgf dlxnfx?n] pQm ;]jf k|fKt u/]sf 5g . :j:y zx/ cleofgdf sfo{ ub{} cfPsf] w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfn] :jf:Yo ;]jf k|efjsf/L agfpFb} nu]sf] 5 . lzlj/df z+v', atf;], sfe|] ;lxt cGo If]qaf6 ;d]t dlxnfx?n] ;]jf lnPsf] :jf:Yo clws[t ;/f]h yfkfn] atfP . :jf:Yo rf}sL k|d'v c~h' clwsf/Ln] w'lnv]n j8f gDa/ !@ sf dlxnfx?sf] :j:Yo k|lt :jf:Yo rf}sL ;w} ;r]t /x]sf] / ljljw ;]jfx? ;~rfng ub{} cfPsf] atfO{g\ . w'lnv]n j8f g+ !@ sf j8f cWoIf tyf :jf:Yo rf}sL Aoj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf df]xgk|;fb nfld5fg]n] j8fsf cfd gful/snfO{ :jf:Yo rf}sL tyf gu/ :jf:Yo zfvfn] pTs[i6 ;]jf k|bfg ub{} cfPsf]df v'zL AoQm u/] . gu/ sfo{kflnsf ;b:o sdnf sfˆn]n] dlxnfsf] :jf:Yo tyf :qL /f]u ;DjGwL lzlj/af6 3/ 5f]8]/ aflx/ lg:sg g;s]sf dlxnfx?df :jf:Yo hfu/0f u/fPsf] tyf ;]jf pkef]usf] kx'Fr a9]sf]df v';L AoQm ub{} w'lnv]n gu/n] :j:y zx/ cleofg dfkm{t hgtfsf] cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jfdf clwsf/ ;'lglZrt u/fPsf] atfO{g\ . g]kfn kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;+3

ag]kf zfvf sfe|]sf k|d'v /d]z >]i7n] w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] :jf:Yo lzlj/af6 gful/sx? nfeflGjt ePsf]df v'zL AoQm u/] . lzlj/sf nflu g]kfn kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;+3sf] ;xof]u /x]sf] lyof] . w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf :jf:Yo zfvf k|d'v ;GbLk s]=;L=n] z+v'kf6Lrf}/ :jf:Yo rf}sLn] cToGt ;x|fxlgo sfo{ ub{} gu/sf] :jf:Yo nIo k|flKtsf nflu x/]s kn nflu k/]sf]df sd{rf/Lx?sf] k|z+;f ub{} o:tf lzlj/n] dlxnfsf] :jf:Yo ;d:of ;dfwfgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] atfP . w'lnv]n gu/ :jf:Yo zfvfn] rfn' cfly{s jif{ @)*)÷)*! df #% j6f eGbf al9 cfFvf, bfFt tyf Ifo/f]u nufPsf /f]ux?sf] tyf

Plss[t :jf:Yo ;]jfsf ljif]z1 lzlj/ ;~rfng u/L !) xhf/ eGbf al9 gful/snfO{ ljleGg j8fsf al:t al:tdf ;]jf k'¥ofPsf] zfvf k|d'v s];Ln] atfP . :jf:Yo sfof{no sfe|]sf k=x]=g= x/Lsnf yfkfn] w'lnv]n gu/n] lhNnfdf :jf:Yo If]qdf pTs[i6 sfo{ ub{} ut cf=a= df k|yd :yfg xfl;n u/]sf] :d/0f ub{} dlxnf :jf:Yo k|lt tyf afnaflnsfsf] :jf:Yodf laz]if hf]8 lbPsf]df cfkm'nfO{ v'zL nfu]sf] atfO{g\ . lzlj/df j8f cWoIf df]xgk|;fb nfld5fg], gu/ sfo{kflnsf ;b:o sdnf sfkm\n], g]kfn kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;+3 ag]kf zfvf sfe|]sf k|d'v /d]z >]i7, j8f ;b:ox?, :jf:Yo rf}sL Aoj:yfkg ;ldlt ;b:ox?, dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+;]ljsfx? nufotsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

j8f gDj/ $ df ;'Ts]/L dlxnfnfO{ kf]if0f ;fdfu|L w'lnv]n÷w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ $ av'08f]n cfwf/e't :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf j8f gDj/ $ sf ;'Ts]/L dlxnfx?nfO{ kf]if0f ;fdfu|L ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . ;'Ts]/L dlxnfx?sf] :jf:YonfO{ dWo gh/ u/]/ :jf:Yo ;+:yf / dlxnfx?sf] :jf:Yo ;]jfdf kx'Fr a[l4 ul/ :j:y zx/ cleofg ;kmn agfpg j8f dfkm{t ;'Ts]/L kf]if0f ;]jf sfo{qmd ;' ? ul/Psf] j8f cWoIf pQd ltdlN;gfn] atfP . gu/sf ljleGg j8fx?df ue{jtL tyf ;'Ts]/L kf]if0fsf] sfo{qmd nfu' ul/Psf] xf] . ;'Ts]/L dlxnfx?nfO{ pQ/ k|;'tL :ofxf/ ;]jfsf] dxTj tyf kf]if0f lzIff af/] k/fdz{ lbO{Psf] gu/ :jf:Yo k|d'v ;GbLk s];Ln]

atfP . j8fsf ;'Ts]/L dlxnf tyf gjhft lzz'x?nfO{ k|bfg ul/g] ljljw :jf:Yo ;]jf k|bfg ug{ tyf ;d'bfo :jf:Yosf sfo{qmd ;kmn agfpg o:tf sfo{qmd pkof]uL x'g] :jf:Yo clws[t ;/f]h

yfkfn] atfP . sfo{qmddf j8f ;b:ox? tyf dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+ ;]ljsfx?sf] pkl:ytL /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmd av'08f]n cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] k|d'v x]df ;+u|f}nfn] ;~rfng u/]sL lyO{g\ .

s[ifs kl/rokq dfu ub{} Wofgfsif{0fkq kfFrvfn÷>lds s[ifs dlxnfx?sf] ljleGg dfux? /fVb} kfFrvfn gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v / pkk|d'v ;lxt sfo{kflnsfsf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf] 5 . dlxnf dfgjclwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] /fli6«o ;~hfnsL cWoIf Zofds'df/L zfx, lhNnf cWoIf lgd{nf sfkm\n], >dhLlj dlxnf d~r sfe|]sL cWoIf zflGt >]i7, >dhLlj s[ifs dlxnf ;~hfn kfFrvfn j8f gDj/ !@ sL cWoIf ;lngf bg'jf/, j8f gDj/ # sL cWoIf clDasf uf}tdn] x:tfIf/ u/L Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf] atfPsf 5g\ . gu/kflnsf leq /x]sf ;a} >ldsx¿sf] kl~hs/0f u/L clen]vLs/0f ug{] :yfoL k|0ffnL >d 8]:ssf] Joj:yf ug{, s[ifs dlxnf >lds nufot cGo >ldsx¿sf] juL{s[t tYofÍ ;+sng u/L clen]v /fVg, s[ifs dlxnfx¿nfO{ s[ifs kl/ro kq ljt/0f ug{, cgf}krfl/s If]qsf ;Dk"\0f{ >ldsx¿nfO{ kl/rokqsf] Joj:yf ug{] k|lqmofsf] yfngL ug{,

j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf /x]sf / j}b]lzs /f]huf/Laf6 kmls{P/ cfPsf dlxnf nufot >ldsx¿sf] tYofÍ cBfjlws u/L pgLx¿sf] cj:yf af/] hfgsf/L /fVg / kflnsf leq /x]sf ;a} >ldsx¿nfO{ ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sf]ifdf cfa4 ug{ oyf]lrt k|lqmof k"/f u/L ;DalGwt lgsfodf kxn ug{ gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v, pkk|d'v tyf sfo{kflnsfsf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf] xf] . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ n] ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL gful/snfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] clwsf/ / Gofok"0f{ >d cEof;sf] clwsf/ x'g]5 egL pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] cltl/Qm >d P]g, @)&$ / lgodfjnLdf klg lgZkIf >d cEof;sf] af/]df lj:t[t k|fjwfgx¿ /x]sf 5g . kfFrvfn gu/kflnsfn] @)*) r}q % ut] k|sfzg u/]sf] ;"rgf cg';f/ ls;fg ;"rLs/0f sfo{qmd cGtu{t ls;fgx¿sf] gfdfjnL ;s+ng ul//x]sf] / ;f]sf nflu s[lif tyf kz'k~5L kmd{ btf{ k|df0fkq ePdf dfq / df]afOn gDa/ ug{] xf]

clgjfo{ ;t{ /flvPsf] k|lt Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] atfPsf 5g . o:tf zt{x¿n] dlxnf tyf ;LdflGts[t ju{x¿nfO{ /fHosf] ;|f]t ;fwg / cj;/af6 jl~rt u/fpF5 . g]kfnsf] s[lif If]qsf] ;Gbe{df s'/f ug{] xf] eg] s[lif u0fgf @)&* sf cg';f/ s'n ^@ k|ltzt 3/ kl/jf/ s[lifdf ;+nUg 5g . h; dWo] #@=$ k|ltzt s[ifs 3/kl/jf/sf] d'nL dlxnf /x]sf 5g . ljZj JofkLs/0fsf] k|efjsf sf/0f o'jf tyf w]/} k'¿ifx¿ lzIff tyf /f]huf/Lsf nflu zx/ x'Fb} j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg] qmd a9\bf] 5 . cgf}krfl/s >d If]qnfO{ ;d]6\g] ljifosf] k|;Ëdf g]kfnsf & j6f :yfgLo txx¿n] ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sfo{qmd cGtdu{t ;xeflutf hgfP/ ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sf]if;Fu ;Demf}tf ul/;s]sf 5g . kfFrvfn gu/kflnsf cGtu{t /x]/ cgf}krfl/s If]qdf sfd ul//x]sf >ldsx¿nfO{ klg ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sf]if leq c6fpg kxn ug{ Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf] lgd{nf sfkm\n]n] atfO{g\ .

kgf}tLsf] d'lQmgfydf a}zfv !& b]lv bf]>f] a|Dxdf]T;j kgf}tL÷kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ % afF;3f/Ldf /x]sf] d'lQmgfy dlGb/df bf]>f] a|Dxdf]T;j cfof]hgf ul/g] ePsf] 5 . a}zfv !& b]lv !( ut];Dd cfof]hgf ul/g] bf]>f] a|Dxdf]T;jsf] tof/L z'? ul/Psf] 5 . >Ld' l Qmgfy dlGb/ ;+ / If0f ;ldltåf/f cfof]hgf ul/Psf] pQm sfo{qmd cGt{ut @)*! a}zfv !^ ut] k'jf{Ë x'g]5 . k'jf{Ësf lbg ljijS;]g cf/fwgf, k'0ofxjfrg, cÍf/f/f]k0f a|Dx0fj/0f, clUgk|lti7f, Wjhf/f]x0f x'g]5 . a}zfv !& ut] 4f/tf]/0fk'hgd, rt':yfgfr{g, lgToxf]d, lgTok"0ff{x'lt x'g]5 .

dWofGx kl5 >Lb]jL, eb}b]jL aNne >L d'lQmgfysf] ofqf]T;j x'g]5 . pQm ofqf gu/ kl/qmdf ug{] cfof]hs ;ldltn] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . a}zfv !* ut] lgTok'hfsf ;fy} dxfk'0ff{x'lt, / dWofGx kl5 !)* snzåf/f >Lb]jL, eb|b]jL aNne >Ld'lQmgfy eujfgsf] dxfleif]s, >Lk'ikofud, 4bzf/fwgf, ;Ttfj/0f, Wjhfj/f]x0f, ;Defjgf x'g]5 . a}zfv !( ut] d'lQmgfy eujfgsf] dxfleif]w x'g]5 . @)&$ ;fn c;f]h & ut] lznfGof; ul/Psf] kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ % ;'Aaf ufps F f] d'lQmgfy dlGb/ @)&* c;f]h @% ]

ut] ;f]daf/af6 ;j{;fwf/0fsf nflu v'Nnf ul/Psf] lyof] . :jfdL sdngofgfrfo{åf/f lznfGof; ul/Psf] d'lQmgfy dlGb/sf] z'ef/De sdngofgfrfo{af6} ul/Psf] lyof] . ;ldltsf ;+:yfks cWoIf uf]kfnaxfb'/ yfkfn] dlGb/sf] kl/sNkgf, :yfkgf / lgdf{0fsf nflu dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf lyP . d':tfª lhNnfdf /x]sf] d'lQmgfy dlGb/ kl5sf] ljlw cg';f/ wfdsf] ¿kdf :yfkgf ul/Psf] of] bf];|f] dlGb/ xf] . tLg tNn] of] dlGb/df cfjZos kg{] ljleGg ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . d'lQmgfy wfddf lgoldt k"hfsf] ljlw ul/Psf] 5 . ljleGg If]qaf6 d'lQmgfy bz{g ug{ cfpg] eQmhgx?sf] ;+Vofdf pNn]Vo a[4L ePsf] 5 .

r}q @& b]lv ljGWoafl;gL cfWoflTds k|lti7fgdf >Ldb\ efujt gjfx 1fg dxfo1 >Lv08k'/÷ljGWoafl;gL cfWoflTds k|lti7fg, >Ldb\ efujt gjfx 1fg dxfo1 d"n cfof]hs ;ldltn] >Lv08k'/df /x]sf] ljGWoafl;gL dlGb/df r}q @& b]lv @)*! a}zfv % ut];Dd >Ldb\ b]jL efujt gjfx 1fg dxfo1 cfof]hgf u/]sf] 5 . >Ldb\ b]jL efujt gjfx 1fg dxfo1 d'n cfof]hs ;ldltsf cWoIf s[i0fk|;fb ltdlN;gfn] dxfo1 ;DkGg u/]/ ar]sf] o1z]ifaf6 ljGWoafl;gL dlGb/ k"hf cf/tL tyf >L dxlif{ d'b\un ;flGbkgL u"?s'nd ;+rfng ubf{ ePsf]

vr{ ldnfg ug{] / ljGWoafl;gL u'?s'n ;+rfng;Fu} h]i7 gful/s kfs{, dxfFsfnL tyf 5n]Zj/ l;F9Ldfu{ lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . x/]s jif{ k|lti7fgn] >Ldb\ b]jL efujt gjfx 1fg dxfo1 cfof]hgf ug{] :jfdL lgz]iffgGb dxf/fhhLn] atfP . >Ldb\ b]jL efujt gjfx 1fg dxfo1df zf:qL bfdf]b/ pkfWofon] afrg ug{]5g eg] kl08t bLks zdf{ bfxfnn] pkafrssf ?kdf ;xof]u ug{]5g\ . ;+:yfsf] dfWodaf6 a}lbs ;gftg wd{ ;+:s[ltsf] /Iff, cfWoflTds hfu/0f Pj+

;+:s[t lzIffsf] k|rf/sf ;fy} ljZjzflGt, dfgj sNof0f Pj+ wfld{s, cfWoflTds r]tgfsf] ljsf; u/L ;dfhnfO{ g} l ts Pj+ cg' z flzt agfpg' 1fgdxfo1sf] pb]Zo /x]sf] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf hfgsf/L u/fO{Psf] 5 . pQm sfo{qmdsf af/]df hfgsf/L lbg cfof]lht ;Dd]ngdf :jfdL lgz]iffgGb dxf/fhhL, cfof]hs ;ldltsf cWoIf s[i0fk|;fb ltdlN;gf, pkfWoIf k|lbk yfkf, ;Nnfxsf/ p4j ltdlN;gf, ;lrj /fdk|;fb ltdlN;gf, ;+rfns ;ldltx?, cflhjg ;b:ox?, ljleGg pk ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

^

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

jif{ #) c+s @@ @)*) r}q @@ ut] ljxLjf/

kgf}tLdf Pgl;;L PNd'gfO{ Pzf]l;P;gsf ljBfyL{n] u/]

cfunflu ;DalGw ljkb\ k|ltsfo{ cEof;

kgf} t L÷kgf} t L a;kfs{ d f Pgl;;L PNd'gfO{ Pzf]l;P;gdf cfj4 ljBfyL{x?n] hgk|ltlgwL, ;'/IffsdL{, ;+rf/sdL{, ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfsf k|ltlglw / ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ cfunflu ;DjGwL ljkb\ k|ltsfo{ cEof; tyf hgr]tgf d'ns sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u/]sf 5g\ . hgr]tgf sfo{qmd k|b{zg ug{' cl3 afnaflnsfx?n] ¥ofnL cfof]hgf u/]sf lyP . g]kfnL ;]gf sfnLh+u u0f w'lnv]nn] ljkb\ k|ltsfo{df Pgl;;L tflnd k|fKt afnaflnsfx?nfO{ k|lzlIft u/]sf] lyof] . …;fgf] ulNtaf6 7'nf] Iflt x'g glbg

ljkb k|ltsfo{ ;DjlGw hgr]tgf cfjZos 5Ú–PNd'gfO{ Pzf]l;P;gsL cWoIf Ozf >] i 7n] elgg–…kgf} t L gu/kflnsfn] cfunflu ;DjlGw ljkb\ k|ltsfo{ cEof;sf nflu ;xlhs/0f u/]sf] 5 .Ú efG;fdf vfgf ksfO{/xFbf s/fO{af6 lg:sg ;Sg] cfuf] lgoGq0fsf nflu 5f]Kg] 9sgL, s/fO{ aflx/ nfu]sf] cfuf] lgoGq0f ug{ k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] leh]sf] sk8f jf sk8f nufotsf cGo ;fdfu|Lsf] ;xh k|of]u, UofF; r'Nxf] lns x'Fbf x'g ;Sg] Iflt, UofF; r'Nxf] / l;ln08/ ljr hf]l8g] kfO{k, /]u'n]6/, l;ln08/ aflx/ hng x'g ;Sg] kbfy{ x'Fbf x'g ;Sg] Ifltsf af/]df

Pzf] l ;P;gdf ;xeflu ljBfyL{ x ?n] hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP . To:t} sf]7f leq cfunfL x'Fbf aRg] pkfo, afy?dsf] k|of]u, afy?d leq x'g] hf]lvd Go"lgs/0fsf nflu ;xh ?kdf Zjf; k|Zjf;sf nflu wf/fsf] kfgL hfg k|of]u ul/Psf] kfO{k k|of]u ug{] tl/sf, cfFvfdf x'g ;Sg] lk/faf6 aRg lunf;sf] k|of]u, srf}/f nufot efG;fdf x'g] clwsf+z ;fdfgx?sf] k|of]uaf6 hf]lvd Go"lgs/0f ug{ ;lsg] atfPsf lyP .

To:t} clUg lgoGq0fsf nflu /flvPsf l;lnl08x?sf] ;lx k|of]usf af/]df ;d]t ljBfyL{x?n] hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP . g]kfnL ;]gf sfnLh+u u0fn] aiff{tsf] ;dodf vf]nf lsgf/ tyf gbL, afl9klx/f] nufotsf hf]lvd / ljkb\af6 aRg] cEof; u/fPsf] 5 eg] cfunfuL x'Fbf cfuf] lgoGq0f / cfuf]af6 hf]lvddf k/]sfx?sf] ;xh p2f/sf nflu ;d]t cEof; u/fPsf] 5 . :yfgLo txsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;d]t tflnd lbP/ sfnLh+u u0fn] ljkb\ k|ltsfo{sf] k':ts ;d]t k|sfzg u/L pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfsf ljleGg ljBfnodf ;+rfng ePsf] Pgl;;L tflnddf ;xeflu ljBfyL{x? dfkm{t ;d'bfodf ljkb\ k|ltsfo{sf hgr]tgfd'ns sfo{qmdx? cfof]hgf ug{ ;lsg] u/L k|fljlws 1fg pknAw u/fO{Psf] sfnLh+u u0fsf u0fklt

k|d'v ;]gfgL k|sfzaxfb'/ l;+xn] atfP . …Pgl;;L PNd'gfO{df cfj4 afnaflnsfx?nfO{ ljkb\ k|ltsfo{ ;DjlGw tflnd pknAw u/fPsf 5f}+Ú–k|d'v ;]gfgL k|sfzaxfb'/ l;+xn] eg]–…klxnf] k6s ljBfyL{ x ?n] kgf} t L gu/kflnsfsf] a;kfs{ d f hgr] t gfd' n s sfo{ q md cfof]hgf u/]sf 5g\ . lhNnfdf ePsf cGo :yfgLo tx;F u sf] ;dGjodf o:tf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug{ ;lsg] u/L cEof; u/fO{Psf] 5 .Ú lhNnfdf klxnf] k6s kgf}tL gu/kflnsfsf] ;dGjodf pQm cEof; cfof]hgf ul/Psf] xf] .

PNd'gfO{ Pzf]l;P;gdf Ozf >]i7sf] g]t[Tjdf cfo'if n]G8'k nfdf, lj1fg tfdfª, ;'lk|of k/fh'nL, df]lgsf ltdlN;gf, t]lGhª jªdf] tfdfª, jiff{ ;'jfn, ;'wf ;'j]bL, ljkn lu/L, dx]z k|wfg >]i7, ;'e]R5f bg'jf/, ;'hg kl/of/, /fd' /fodfemL, lgd{nf /fodfemL, cfo'iff e'h]n, h]lgkm/ ouf]n >]i7, hof d+u|flGt nufot cfj4 5g\ . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt k|d'v lbkss'df/ uf}td, gu/kflnsf k|d'v /fdz/0f e08f/L, pkk|d'v lutf a~hf/f, sfnLh+u u0fsf u0fklt k|d'v ;]gfgL k|sfzaxfb'/ l;+x, j8f cWoIfx?, ljleGg If]qsf AolQmx?sf] sfo{qmddf ;xeflutf lyof] . ;xeflux? cfkm}n] klg cfunflu lgoGq0fsf nflu cEof; u/]sf lyP .

/f]6/Lsf] a[xt cf“vf lzlj/ vqLufpd“f vfgk]fgLsf] l8k afl]/· % j6f lhNnfdf ;DkGg sfe|]÷/f]6/LSna ckm w'lnv]nsf] ;+of]hsTjdf !) lbg] a[xt lgMz'Ns cfFvf lzlj/ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sfe|]knf~rf]s, l;Gw'nL, pbok'/, ;'g;/L / emfkf lhNnfsf] ljleGg :jf:Yo ;+:yf / ljBfnox¿df $ xhf/ @ ;o ao:s / ^ ;o % afnaflnsfsf] lgMz'Ns cfFvf hfFr ul/Psf] hgfPsf] 5 . cfFvfsf] b[li6 bf]if ePsf la/fdLx?nfO{ @ xhf/ $ ;o @) r:df ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . h]i7 gful/s, lzIfs / ;' / Iffsd{ L { x ¿nfO{ ;" o { s f] k/fa}hgLls/0f (Ultra-violet rays) af6 cfFvf arfpgsf] sfnf] r:df ;d]t ljt/0f ul/Psf] /f]]6/Log czf]s >]i7n] atfP . cfFvf lzlj/df @$* hgf h]i7 gful/sx¿sf] nflu glhssf] cfFvf c:ktfndf df]tL laGb'sf] lgMz'Ns zNolqmofsf] nflu k7fOPsf] lyof] . a[xt cfFvf lzlj/sf nflu c:6«]lnofsf /f]6/L Snaaf6 cfly{s tyf k|fljlws ;xof]u k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . lgMz'Ns a[xt cfFvf lzlj/sf] nflu c:6«]lnofsf] /f]6/L jN8{ ci6«]lnof sDo'lg6L ;le{;, /f]6/L SnapGn], /f]6/LSna ckm 8jf] ;fpy /f]6/L Sna P8{jf:6fg, /f]6/L Sna ckm a]nef]O{/ cf]8Guf, /f]6/L Sna ckm d]Sn]l/og e]n / lˆnG8;{ ljZjljBfnosf] ;xof]u /x]sf] >]i7n] atfP . g]kfnsf] tkm{af6

/f]6/L Sna w'lnv]n, /f]6/LSna ckm w/fg /f]6/L Sna, bds /f]6/L Snae›k'/, /]o'sfO{ O{sf] df;'gfuf cfFvf c:ktfn / ;'o{cfO{ s]o/ ;]G6/ w/fg, d]rL g]qfno, d]rL cfFvf c:ktfn tyf lsjflgh Sna ckm sfe|] g]kfnsf] k|fljlws ;xof]u /x]sf] lyof] . o;}u/L :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ @, /f]6/L ;fd'bflos ;+3 lkknrf}/, uf]nGh/ ufpFkflnsf j8f gDa/ % vlgofvs{, sdnfdfO{ gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ ^, l;Gw'nL ;fd'bflos 6]lSgsn OlG:6Ro'6 b'wf}nLgu/ c:ktfn l;yf}{nL, s6f/L gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ ^ / &, w/fg pk dxfgu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ @), lji0f'kfb'sf,bds gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ $ tf/faf/L, eb|k'/ gu/kflnsf j8f g @ efg' cfwf/e't ljBfno nufPtn] lzlj/ ;~rfng / lzlj/ Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] . /f]6/L Sna ckm w'lnv]nsf b[li6 arfp cleofgsf ;+of]hs /f]6l/og czf]s >]i7n] pQm lzlj/ cGt/{fli6«o :t/sf] cfFvf lzlj/ ;~rfng ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' x'g] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jf:YodGqfno, >d ljefu, :yfgLo ;/sf/, /f]6/L Snax¿ c:6«]lnof tyf g]kfnsf b[li6 lj1x?nfO{ !) lbg] cfFvf lzlj/ ;~rfngdf u/]sf]df wGoafb k|bfg u/]sf lyP .

kgf}tL–% sf] j8f sfof{no ejg k'/fgf] z}nLdf aGg] kgf}tL÷kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ % sf] j8f sfof{no ejg lznfGofz ul/Psf] 5 . kgf}tL gu/kflnsfsf gu/ k|d'v /fdz/0f e08f/L, pkk|d'v lutf a~hf/f, k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t /fdk|;fb cfrfo{, j8f cWoIf ljgf]b vqL nufotsf] pkl:ytLdf j8f sfof{no ejg lznfGofz ul/Psf] xf] . sfo{qmddf kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ ( sf j8f cWoIf ;xs'ns'df/ x'dfufOF{, j8f gDa/ !@ sf j8f cWoIf ho/fd s];L, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 sfe|]sf k'j{ cWoIf Pj+ pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 kgf}tLsf cWoIf ef]nf yfkf, kgf}tL ko{6g ljsf; s]G›sf k'?iff]Qd sdf{rfo{ nufotsf] pkl:ytL /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ % sf j8f ;b:o k|]d axfb'/ sj'F/n] :jfut dGtJo /fv]sf lyP eg] sfo{qmd ;~rfng afnd}qL ;xhstf{ uLtf ltdlN;gfn] u/]sL lyOg\ . j8f sfof{no ejg

lgdf{0fsf nflu # s/f]8 %^ nfv nfut cg'dfg ul/Psf]df 7]s]bf/ sDkgL;uF @ s/f]8 %$ nfvdf lgdf{0f ug]{ ;Demf}tf ePsf] of]hgf zfvf k|d'v OlGhlgo/ k|]ds'df/ ;f]gfdn] hgfsf/L lbP . ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf] ;dk'/s cg'bfgdf ejg lgdf{0f x'g nfu]sf] xf] . j8f sfof{no k'/fgf] z}nLdf aGg]5 . kgf}tL gu/kflnsfdf of] jif{ j8f gDa/ % ;lxt j8f gDa/ * / ( sf] j8f sfof{no ejg lgdf{0f ;'? ug]{ of]hgf 5 . o:t} j8f gDa/ !! df klg j8f sfof{no ejg lgdf{0fsf nflu hUuf Joj:yfkg ug{ ah]6 ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 . j8f gDa/ # / $ sf] gofF j8f sfof{no ejg lgdf{0f ;DkGg eO;s]sf] 5 . j8f gDa/ !, @, & / !) sf] cfˆg} j8f sfof{no ejg 5 . j8f gDa/ !@ sf] gofF j8f sfof{no ejg lgdf{0fsf nflu k|s[of cl3 a9fOPsf] gu/kflnsfn] hgfPsf] 5 .

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

ag]kf÷ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ ^ l:yt a'8f]nsf] 8fF8f] vqLufpFdf ltg ;o 3/ kl/jf/sf nflu Ps 3/ Ps wf/f cGt{ut sf nfuL vfg]kflgsf] l8kaf]l/Ë z'? ul/Psf] 5 . j8fsf gful/sx?nfO{ Ps 3/ Ps wf/f h8fgsf] pb]Zon] pQm sfo{sf] z'? ul/Psf] j8f cwoIf ;lrtfgGb s];Ln] atfP . j8f cWoIf s];Ln] j8fdf /x]sf !! ;o 3/ w'/L ;a}nfO{ 3/ 3/ wf/f ljt/0f ug{] u/L sfo{ k|f/De ul/Psf] atfP . …ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf] ahf/ aflx/ /x]sf j8fx?df ;xh vfg]kfgL ljt/0fsf nflu ljleGg lgsfo;Fu ;dGjosf] e"ldsf v]ln/x]sf 5f}+Ú–j8f cWoIf ;lrtfgGb s];Ln] eg]–…j8f gDj/ ^ sf] vqLufpFdf @ ;o 3/ kl/jf/, vx/] vf]nf k'j{sf al:tx?df /x]sf] # ;o 3/df Ps 3/ Ps wf/fsf] sfo{qmd z'? ePsf] 5 .Ú sfe|] SofDk; j/k/ /x]sf] al:tsf # ;o 3/df klg rfn' jif{ leq g} Ps 3/ Ps wf/f sfo{qmd ;DkGgsf nflu k|s[ofdf 5 . afFsL 6f]n /ftdf6], Gof}kfg] 6f]n, /fddlGb/, eQm]Zj/ If]qnfO{ cfufdL jif{ k|fyldstfdf /fv]/ sfo{ ;DkGg ul/g] j8f cWoIf s];Ln] atfP . To;

sfo{sf nfuL pQm l8kaf]l/Ësf] kflg ;d]t Plss[t u/L ljt/0f ul/g] atfP . vqLufpdFf /x]sf & j6f d'nnfO{ Plss[t ul/Psf] u/L ;lsPsf] / yk kfgLsf] >f]tsf nflu l8k af]l/Ë z'? ul/Psf] s];Ln] atfP . l8k af]l/Ë ;lxt * j6f >f]tsf] kfgL pQm 6\ofÍLdf hDdf ul/g]5 . 6ofÍL lgdf{0f, l8k af]l/Í / Plss[t d'xfg ;+/If0fsf nflu km/s km/s pkef]Qmf ;ldlt ag]sf 5g\ . l8k af]l/Í #* nfvdf sfo{ ;DkGg ug{] u/L ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . pQm vqLufpF vfg]kfgL l8k af]l/ª ;Knfo{; vfg]kfgL pkef]Qm ;ldltsf cWoIf cgGt k|;fb bfxfnn] cfly{s jif{ @)*)÷*! df !) nfvsf] of]hgf /x]sf] atfP . cfufdL jif{ afs F L of]hgf / lgdf0f{ ;DkGg ul/g] bfxfnn] atfP . sfo{ q mddf j8f ;b:o nfns[i0f ltdlN;gf, PsLs[t d'xfg ;+/If0f ;ldltsf ;+of]hs s[i0fa'4 ahufO{, 6\ofÍL lgdf{0f pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf cWoIf /fh]Gb| yfkfn] nufotn] ;dod} lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg u/L pkef]Qmfx?nfO{ u'0f:t/Lo vfg]kfgL v'jfpg ;a}sf] ;dGjo cfjZos /x]sf] atfPsf lyP .

w' l nv] n , z+ v ' ÷ w' l nv] n gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ !@ sf @ ;o @( hgf ;'Gtnf v]tL ug{] s[ifsx?sf nflu w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfn] cf}ifwL ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 . cfly{s jif{ @)*)÷)*! sf] s[lif ljsf; zfvfsf] aflif{s :jLs[t sfo{qmd adf]lhd %) k|ltzt cg'bfgdf ;'Gtnf v]tL ug{] s[ifsx?sf nflu cf}ifwL pknAw u/fPsf] xf] . w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf k|d'v czf]s Aof~h'n] lg/Gt/sf] k|of; kl5 w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf If]q leq /x]sf ;'Gtnf v]tLdf ;+nUg s[ifsx?n] /fxt dx;'; u/]sf] atfP . …@)&@ ;fnsf] e'sDk kl5 z+v' If]qsf ;'Gtnf pTkfbgdf cfPsf] Xf; of] jif{af6 ;'wf/ ePsf] 5Ú– gu/ k|d'v czf]s Aof~h'n] eg]–…lg/Gt/sf] cWoog, cg';Gwfg / pkrf/sf sf/0f ;'Gtnf v]tLsf] pTkfbgdf ;'wf/ cfPsf] 5 .Ú gu/ k|d'v Aof~h'n] cf}ifwL ljt/0f ub{} s[ifsx?nfO{ ;lx k|of]u / x]/rfxsf nflu k|fljlws 1fg lnP/ ;lqmo x'g cg'/f]w u/] . j8f cWoIf df] x gk| ; fb nfld5fg]n] z+v'sf s[ifsx?sf] ;'Gtnf pTkfbgdf a[l4 eP;Fu} To;nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg gu/kflnsf, j8f sfof{no / ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox? ;lqmo ePsf] atfP . …e'sDk kl5 ;'Gtnf pTkfbgdf klxnf] k6s

of] jif{ a[l4 ePsf] 5Ú–cWoIf nfld5fg]n] eg]–…gu/kflnsfn] z+v' If]qsf] ;'Gtnf pTkfbgdf cfPsf] Xf;sf af/]df cWoog / cg';Gwfg kl5 cfjZos pkrf/ u¥of] . s[ifsx?nfO{ ;r]t u/fof] . k|fljlws 1fg pknAw u/fof] . To;s} sf/0f of] jif{ s/f]8 eGbf w]/}sf ;'Gtnf laqmL ug{] cj;/ ldNof] .Ú lgjt{dfg j8f cWoIf xs{ tfdfªn] z+v'nfO{ ;'Gtnfsf] ks]6 If]qsf ;fy} cfjZos wfld{s ko{6lso If]qsf ?kdf ljsf; ug{' kg{] atfP . …@)&$ df lgjf{lrt eP kl5 / To;cl3 klg lg/Gt/ z+v' If]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu ;lqmo eof}+Ú–lgjt{dfg j8f cWoIf xs{ tfdfªn] eg]–…;'Gtnf pTkfbgdf a[4L eP;Fu} s[ifsx? v'zL ePsf 5g\ . oxfFsf] cfocfh{g a[l4 / ;d[l4sf nflu ;'Gtnf ks]6 If]q k|d'v If]q xf] .Ú sfo{ q mddf s[ l if ljsf; zfvfsL k|d'v /ljgf ltdlN;gf, :yfgLo hgk|ltlglwx?, sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;xeflutf lyP . s[ifsx?nfO{ af]8f{]k]:6, l;6«; dN6LKNS;, 9';Lgf;s, ls6gfzs / l:6s/ ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . To;}u/L w'lnv]n !) df ;'Gtnf v]tL ug{] s[ifsx?sf nflu cf}iflw ls6 ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 .

:juf{/f]x0fM @)*) r}q !*

:j= s[i0f s'df/L dfgGw/ k|ult k':ts e08f/sf k|f]kfO6/ e'jg dfgGw/ tyf ab|L k|;fb dfgGw/sf] ddtfdoL dftf s[i0f s'df/L dfgGw/sf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ zf]szGtfKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf JoQm ub{5f}F .

\ es' 0 8] , gdf] a ' 4 ÷k| f b] l zs c:ktfn d]lyGsf]6n] ;fdflhs kl/If0f u/]sf] 5 . c:ktfnn] k|bfg u/]sf] ;]jf, ;'ljwf, u'0f:t/, ;'wf/sf ljifo tyf gful/sx?sf] wf/0ffsf af/]df ;d'bfon] u/]sf] cg'ejsf ;Gbe{df :yfgLo tx, ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfo / ;]jfu|flx;Fu cGt{lqmof u/]sf] lyof] . ;fdflhs kl/If0fdf p7]sf ;jfnsf af/]df c:ktfn Aoj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf s[i0fk|;fb vgfnn] c:ktfnsf] ;]jf ;'wf/sf nflu k|ltj4tf AoQm u/]sf lyP . gu/ k|d'v s'G;fª nfdfn] c:ktfnsf] ;]jfdf nfk{jflx gug{, gful/sx?sf u'gf;f cfpg glbg tyf s'g} klg k|sf/sf ;]jfdf sld cfpg glbg ;'emfj lbP . …clS;hg KnfG6 aGb x'Fbf gful/sx?n] ef]u]sf] ;d:ofsf af/]df c:ktfn Aoj:yfkg ;ldltn] ul//x]sf] sfo{nfO{ ;xhLs/0f ug{ gu/kflnsfn] cfjZos kxn u/]sf] 5Ú–gu/ k|d'v s'G;fª nfdfn] eg]–…c:ktfnn] u/]sf] cfDbfgL vr{ kf/bzL{ agfpg'; . c:ktfnn] k|bfg ug{] ;]jfdf sGh':ofO{ gug{'; . k|b]z ;/sf/sf] ;xof]u / ;dGjo k'u]g eg] gu/kflnsfn] ;xof]u ug{] 5 .Ú ;]jfu|flxx?n] cf}ifwL lgoldt gePsf], ePsf cf}ifwLx? eGbf gePsf cf}ifwLx?sf] cfjZostf x'g] u/]sf], ljz]if1 ;]jfsf] z'Ns w]/} ePsf], PDa'n]G; z'Ns dxËf] ePsf], lgoldt pkrf/nfO{ Aojl:yt ug{ cf]lk8L sIf yk ug{, ljz]if1 ;]jf a9fpg, x/]s k|sf/sf /f]ux?sf] pkrf/ ug{, l;6L :Sofg nufotsf ;]jf pknAw u/fpg ;'emfj lbPsf lyP . ;]jf k|bfos lrlsT;s tyf sd{rf/Lx?n] c:ktfn Aoj:yfkg ;ldltn] cfjZos kg{] cf}ifwL ;dodf vl/b gul/lbFbf ePsf ;d:of / ;]jfu|flxx?n] ef]Ug' k/]sf ;d:of ;dfwfgdf Wofg lbg ;'emfj lbP . ;'Ts]/L Aoyf nfu]sf dlxnfx?sf] l/km/ ubf{ af6f]df g} ;'Ts]/L x'g' k/]sf], PS;/] ubf{ k]k/ gePsf], lgoldt n]vf zfvfsf] sfo{ ;+rfng gx'Fbf b}lgs ;+rfng vr{ tyf cGo e}k/L cfpg] vr{ x'g g;s]sf], cfly{s jif{sf] rf/ dlxgf dfq} afFsL x'Fbf n]vf zfvfs} sf/0f #@ k|ltzt eGbf vr{

x'g g;s]sf], sd{rf/Lx?n] lgoldt kfl/>dLs kfpg g;s]sf], k"jf{wf/sf gfddf cgfjZos vr{ ul/Psf], cfkm\g} ejg lgdf{0fsf nflu kxn gu/]sf] h:tf u'gf;f u/]sf lyP . c:ktfnsf d] ; ' 8f=dw' s / bfxfnn] @% z}ofsf] c:ktfnnfO{ %) z}ofdf lj:tf/ u/] kl5 w]/} s'/fsf] cefj b]lvPsf] atfP . clxn] lj:tf/} ;a} Aoj:yfkg x'Fb} uPsf] / To;nfO{ ;'wf/ ug{] k|ltj4tf AoQm u/] . clS;hg d]lzg Ps jif{df g} ljlu|Psfn] dd{tsf nflu k6s k6s cfk'lt{ zfvfdf kq n]v] klg dd{t x'g g;s]sf] pgn] atfP . cf}ifwL vl/bsf nflu n]vf zfvfs} sf/0f ;d:of ePsf] atfpFb} bfxfnn] c:ktfnn] lgoldt sfo{ ug{] n]vf x]g{] sd{rf/L k|fKt gu/]sf sf/0f w]/} ;d:of pTkGg ePsf] atfP . lj/fdLx?n] k|fKt ug{' kg{] ;]jfdf u'0f:t/ a9fpg ePsf pknAw >f]t, ;fwg / hgzlQmnfO{ e/k'/ pkof]u ul/Psf] 8f=vgfnn] atfP . c:ktfn Aoj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf s[i0fk|;fb vgfnn] gful/sx?n] k|fKt u/]sf] ;]jfnfO{ cem} u'0f:t/ / k|efjsf/L agfpg cem} zzQm ?kn] ;ldlt ;lqmo x'g] atfP . …c:ktfnaf6 k|jfx x'g] ;]jfnfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;+rfng ug{ :jf:YosdL{ tyf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ lgb{]zg lbG5'Ú–cWoIf vgfnn] eg]–…c:ktfndf ePsf cefjx?nfO{ sd ub{} bIf hgzlQmaf6 u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf k|bfg ug{] 5f}+ .Ú cWoIf vgfnn] h]i7 gful/s, ckfËtf ePsf AolQmx?, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfx?n] k|fKt ug{] ;'ljwfnfO{ cem} k|efjsf/L agfpg] k|ltj4tf AoQm u/] . clS;hg KnfG6, PDa'n]G;, Od/h]G;L ljefu, PS;/] ;]jf, kmfd{];L, btf{, ljdf nufotsf ljefux?n] k|bfg ug{] ;]jfnfO{ cem} k|efjsf/L agfO{g] cWoIf vgfnn] atfP . c:ktfnsf ;]jf / cfo AoonfO{ kf/bzL{ agfpg n]vf zfvfsf sd{rf/LnfO{ lgoldt pkl:yt x'g] u/L Aoj:yfkgsf nflu cg'/f]w ul/Psf] pgn] atfP . sfo{qmddf 8f= dw's/ bfxfn, 8f=lxdfn vgfn, x]dGt vgfn, :yfgLox? dfwj sF8]n, c:ktfnsf k'j{ cWoIf p4jk|;fb sfˆn], o'jf kl/ifbsf pkfWoIf /fd]Zj/ clwsf/L, :yfgLo pk|]lt, c:ktfn Aoj:yfkg ;ldlt ;b:o tyf j8f cWoIf /d]z ltjf/L nufotn] c:ktfnsf] ;]jfnfO{ cem} k|efjsf/L agfpg ;a} If]qsf] ;xof]u cfjZos /x]sf] atfPsf lyP .

v|Lli6og ;d'bfoåf/f v'Nnf /Qmbfg / ¥ofnL

pTkfbg a[l4 ug{ cg'bfgdf cf}ifwL ljt/0f

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL hGdM !(** efb|

d]lyGsf]6 c:ktfndf ;]jf ;DaGwL ;fdflhs kl/If0f

hGdM !(** efb|

:juf{/f]x0fM @)*) r}q !*

:j= s[i0f s'df/L dfgGw/ xfd|f cfb/0fLo bfh' e'jg dfgGw/ tyf efO{x? :j= ;'hg dfgGw/ / ab|L dfgGw/sf ddtfdoL dftf s[i0fs'df/L dfgGw/sf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df lbj+ut cfTdfsf] rL/ zflGtsf] sfdgf ;lxt xflb{s >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ zf]s ;GtKt kl/jf/hgdf xflb{s ;dj]bgf JoQm ub{5f}F .

ldng >]i7÷cqmd >]i7÷/fh' tfd|fsf/ ag]kf, sfe|]

ag]kf÷ag]kf gu/ v|Lli6og ;d'bfo sfe|]n] v|L:6 o]z'sf] qm';Ls/0fsf] cj;/df v'Nnf /Qmbfg sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] 5 . ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ & sf] j8f sfof{no cufl8 cfof]lht /Qmbfg sfo{qmddf &! hgfn] /ut bfg u/]sf 5g\ . x/]s jif{ v|Lli6og ;d'bfon] o]z'sf] hGd / d[To'sf lbg ljz]if sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ub{} cfPsf 5g\ . o]z'sf] hGd lbgsf] cj;/df lqm;d; / d[To' ePsf] lbgdf qm';Ls/0fdf ljljw sfo{qmd cfof]hgf x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\ . ag]kf v|Ll:6og ;d'bfon] cfof]hgf u/]sf] sfo{qmddf gu/

cWoIf /fdrGb| la;'Gv]sf] cWoIftf /x]sf] lyof] eg] sfe|] v|Ll:6og ;d'bfosf lhNnf cWoIf u|'j]g /fgf du/sf] k|d'v cfltYotf /x]sf] lyof] . qm';Ls/0fsf] cj;/df cfO{taf/ ljxfg v|Ll:6og ;d'bfon] ag]kfdf a[xQ zflGt tyf ;b\efj ¥ofnLsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf lyP . v'Nnf /Qmbfg sfo{qmdf ;fd'bflos ;r]tgf g]kfn / b'df] art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf lnld6]8sf] ;x–cfof]hgf /x]sf] lyof] . sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfdf hgu0fgf @)&* cg';f/ O;fO{ wd{ dfGg]x?sf] ;+Vof & xhf/ ^ ;o ^$ /x]sf] 5 . sfo{qmdsf] ;+of]hg ag]kf v|Ll:6ogsf pkfWoIf kf:6/ /fhg kl/of/n] u/]sf lyP .

clgRrfjt ;+v/f pKkb\bjo\ wlDdgf] Û pklHhTjf lg?HemlGt t];+pk:;df] ;'vf] ÛÛ

>4f ;'dg

hGd M @)!).!!.!*

lbj+ut @)*).!@.!#

:j= ldgfs'df/L k|hfklt o; jf+Vo 1fgdfnf ehg vnM sf cfhLjg ;b:o sdn zf]ef ‘/+lht’ k|hfkltsf] ddtfdoL ;f;'cfdf Pj+ cfhLjg ;b:o ldgfs'df/L k|hfkltsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf] o; b'Mvb\ 38Ldf ;Dk"0f{ kl/jf/nfO{ clgTo b'Mv / cgfTd zf]efj wd{nfO{ ;DemL a'emL w}o{wf/0f ug{ ;s"g\ elg k|fy{gf ub{} lbj+ut x'g'ePsfnfO{ ;'ult k|flKtsf nflu sfdgf ub{} k'0ofg'df]bg ub{5f}+ .

hutgf/fo0f dfgGw/ cWoIf

jf+VoM 1fgdfnf ehg vnM ag]kf–*, sfe|]

&

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

jif{ #) c+s @@ @)*) r}q @@ ut] ljxLjf/

dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

xsbfaL ;DaGwL #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf xsbfaL ;DaGwL #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf xsbfaL ;DaGwL #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!@.@! ut] ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!@.!$ ut]

;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!@.@! ut]

sfe|] lhNnf xfn gdf]a'4 g=kf= j8f g+= ! a:g] rGb|dfof tfdfªn] d]/f lktf cSsn axfb'/ tfdfªsf gfdsf] ;fljs nutaf6 le8\g] tklzndf pNn]lvt lsQf hUuf lkmN8a'sdf n]lvPsf h=w= cSsn axfb'/ tfdfªsf] ldlt @)%!.*.& df / lghsL >ldtL dfO{nL tfdfªsf] ldlt @)%!.%.#) df cfkm\g} sfnultn] d[To' ePsf] / lghx?sf] z]ifkl5 xsvfg] xsbf/df 5f]/fx?sf] hfohGd gePsf] d Psdfq 5f]/L /x]sf] x'Fbf d]/f gfddf Psnf}6L btf{÷gf=;f= u/L kfpF elg lbg' ePsf] lgj]bg adf]lhd btf{÷gf=;f= ubf{ c? s;}sf] xsef]u eP jf xs hfg ;Sg] jf ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf eP, dfu adf]lhd btf{ ug{ gldNg] ePdf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg'sf] nflu #% -k}lt;_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] bfjL ePdf cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;a'b k|df0fx? ;+nUg /fvL cfkm} jf jf/]z dfkm{t bfjL jf ph'/ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf Dofb leq ph'/ jf bfjL gk/L Dofb u'hf/L a;]df sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ eO{ hfg]5 . Dofb gf3L cfPsf] bfjL ph'/L dfly s'g} sf/jfxL gx'g] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 .

sfe|] lhNnf w'lnv]n g=kf= j8f g+= & a:g] >L/fd wnf5] ;d]tn] xfdLx?sf a'af÷7"nf]a'af÷xh'/a'af Cliftd wfnf5] >]i7sf gfdsf] ;fljs nutaf6 le8\g] tklzndf pNn]lvt lsQf hUuf lkmN8a'sdf n]lvPsf h=w= lrgLsfhL wfnf5], Cliftd wnf5] >]i7 / uf}td >]i7sf] ;+o'Qm gfddf lkmN8a's sfod ePsf] lghx?sf] qmdzM ldlt @)%&.!@.!#, @)&!.!!.( / @)^#.@.!$ df d[To' ePsf], cfdf÷7'nLcfdf÷xh'/cfdf qmdzM sflzdfof wfnf5], /fd;'Gb/L wfnf5] / rlGbsfdfof >]i7sf] qmdzM ldlt @)^!.(.!&, @)&).%.8 / @)%$.#.@ df d[To' eO{ lghx?sf] d[To' kl5 xsvfg] xsbf/x?df k|e'gf/fo0f >]i7, a'4nIdL >]i7, hos[i0f >]i7, efjLs[i0f >]i7, ;+ho >]i7, dw's[i0f >]i7, hozf]ef wfnf5] / >L/fd >]i7 ePsfn] xfdLx?sf ;+o'Qm gfddf btf{÷gf=;f= u/L kfpF elg lbg' ePsf] lgj]bg adf]lhd btf{÷gf=;f= ubf{ c? s;}sf] xsef]u eP jf xs hfg ;Sg] jf ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf eP, dfu adf]lhd btf{ ug{ gldNg] ePdf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg'sf] nflu #% -k}lt;_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] bfjL ePdf cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;a'b k|df0fx? ;+nUg /fvL cfkm} jf jf/]z dfkm{t bfjL jf ph'/ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf Dofb leq ph'/ jf bfjL gk/L Dofb u'hf/L a;]df sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ eO{ hfg]5 . Dofb gf3L cfPsf] bfjL ph'/L dfly s'g} sf/jfxL gx'g] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 .

uflj; km'naf/L

j8f g+= ls=g+= !

&%

tkl;n If]qkmn lkmN8a'ssf] h=w=sf] gfd )–!%–!–@

s}lkmot

cSsnaxfb'/ tfdfª uflj;

dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

xsbfaL ;DaGwL #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!@.!$ ut] sfe|] lhNnf gdf]a'4 g=kf= j8f g+= ( a:g] lrq s'df/L ;Tofnn] d]/f ;;'/f s[i0f kfWof ;Tofnsf] gfdsf] ;fljs nutdf le8\g] tklzndf pNn]lvt lsQf hUuf lkmN8a'sdf n]lvPsf h=w= 6]sgfy ;Tofnsf] ldlt @)&#.%.@) df d[To' ePsf], d]/L ;f}t]gL alxgL olt/fh aGb] ;Tofnsf] ldlt @)%*.@.!( df d[To' ePsf]n] lghx?sf] d[To' kl5 xsvfg] xsbf/x?df lrqs'df/L ;Tofn dfq ePsf]n] d]/f gfddf Psnf}6L btf{÷gf=;f=u/L kfpF elg lbg' ePsf] lgj]bg adf]lhd btf{÷gf=;f= ubf{ c? s;}sf] xsef]u eP jf xs hfg ;Sg] jf ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf eP, dfu adf]lhd btf{ ug{ gldNg] ePdf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg'sf] nflu #% -k}lt;_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] bfjL ePdf cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;a'b k|df0fx? ;+nUg /fvL cfkm} jf jf/]z dfkm{t bfjL jf ph'/ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf Dofb leq ph'/ jf bfjL gk/L Dofb u'hf/L a;]df sfg"g adf]lhd btf{÷gf=;f=÷bf=vf= eO{ hfg]5 . Dofb gf3L cfPsf] bfjL ph'/L dfly s'g} sf/jfxL gx'g] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 .

uflj; vgfnyf]s

j8f g+= ls=g+= ^

#$*

tkl;n If]qkmn lkmN8a'ssf] h=w=sf] gfd

#–*–)–@

s}lkmot

6]sgfy ;Tofn

dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

xsbfaL ;DaGwL #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!@.!$ ut] sfe|] lhNnf xfn kfFrvfn g=kf= j8f g+= !# a:g] gGbnfn pk|]tLn] ;fljs h=w= lty{/fh pk|]tLsf gfdsf] ;fljs nutdf le8\g] tklzndf pNn]lvt lsQf hUuf lkmN8a'sdf n]lvPsf h=w= lty{/fh pk|]tL ePsf]df lghn] /=g+= #$(^, ldlt @)#%.!.@% df /flhgfdf u/L dnfO{ /flhgfdf lnvt ul/lbPsf] x'Fbf lghsf gfdaf6 d]/f gfddf btf{÷gf=;f=÷bf=vf= u/L kfpF elg lbg' ePsf] lgj]bg adf]lhd btf{÷gf=;f=÷bf=vf= ubf{ c? s;}sf] xsef]u eP jf xs hfg ;Sg] jf ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf eP, dfu adf]lhd btf{ ug{ gldNg] ePdf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg'sf] nflu #% -k}lt;_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] bfjL ePdf cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;a'b k|df0fx? ;+nUg /fvL cfkm} jf jf/]z dfkm{t bfjL jf ph'/ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf Dofb leq ph'/ jf bfjL gk/L Dofb u'hf/L a;]df sfg"g adf]lhd btf{÷gf=;f=÷bf=vf= eO{ hfg]5 . Dofb gf3L cfPsf] bfjL ph'/L dfly s'g} sf/jfxL gx'g] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . tkl;n uflj; j8f g+= ls=g+= If]qkmn lkmN8a'ssf] h=w=sf] gfd s}lkmot sf]lzb]vf

@

^!

$–!!–@–#

lty{/fh pk|]tL

k'gZr M pQm lsQf hUuf /=g+= #$(^, ldlt @)#%.!.@% df lty{/fh pk]|tLsf gfdaf6 gGbnfn pk]|tLsf gfddf /flhgfdf lnvt kfl/t ePsf] b]lvG5 .

dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

xsbfaL ;DaGwL #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!@.!$ ut] sfe|] lhNnf xfn gdf]a'4 g=kf= j8f g+= @ a:g] rGb|nfn tfdfªn] d]/f sfsf lht axfb'/ tfdfªsf] gfdsf] ;fljs nutaf6 le8\g] tklzndf pNn]lvt lsQf hUuf lkmN8a'sdf n]lvPsf h=w= lht axfb'/ tfdfªsf] ldlt @)^(.%.!^ df / lghsL >LdtL lj=lj= dfof tfdfªsf] ldlt @)$*.*.!* df cfkm\g} sfnultn] d[To' ePsf] / lghx?sf] s'g}klg ;Gtfgx?sf] hfohGd gePsf] / /=g+= %($! ldlt @)^^.!).% ut] z]=j= u/L d lgj]bsnfO{ lbg' ePsf] x'Fbf lghx?sf] gfdaf6 d]/f gfddf btf{÷gf=;f=÷bf=vf= u/L kfpF elg lbg' ePsf] lgj]bg adf]lhd btf{÷gf=;f=÷bf=vf= ubf{ c? s;}sf] xsef]u eP jf xs hfg ;Sg] jf ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf eP, dfu adf]lhd btf{ ug{ gldNg] ePdf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg'sf] nflu #% -k}lt;_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] bfjL ePdf cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;a'b k|df0fx? ;+nUg /fvL cfkm} jf jf/]z dfkm{t bfjL jf ph'/ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf Dofb leq ph'/ jf bfjL gk/L Dofb u'hf/L a;]df sfg"g adf]lhd btf{÷gf=;f=÷bf=vf= eO{ hfg]5 . Dofb gf3L cfPsf] bfjL ph'/L dfly s'g} sf/jfxL gx'g] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . tkl;n uflj; j8f g+= ls=g+= If]qkmn lkmN8a'ssf] h=w=sf] gfd s}lkmot jfn'jf

^

(!!

!)–!@–#–!

lhtaxfb'/ tfdfª

k'gZr M /=g+= %($! ldlt @)^^.!).% df z]=j= lnvt kfl/t b]lvG5 .

dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

xsbfaL ;DaGwL #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf

j8f g+= ls=g+=

zf/bfatf;]

@v @s

&* &^ !&$

tkl;n If]qkmn lkmN8a'ssf] h=w=sf] gfd #–*–)–) )–!%–#–) )–^–!–#

lrgLsfhL wfnf5] >]i7, Cliftd wfnf5] >]i7 / uf}td >]i7 ;d]t ;femf

xsbfaL ;DaGwL #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!@.@! ut] sfe|] lhNnf e'Dn' uf=kf= j8f g+= ( a:g] nf]saxfb'/ tfdfª ;d]t hgf $ xfdLx?sf a'af k~rjL/ tfdfªsf gfdsf] ;fljs nutaf6 le8\g] tklzndf pNn]lvt lsQf hUuf lkmN8a'sdf n]lvPsf h=w= k~rjL/ tfdfªsf] ldlt @)&).!!.#) df d[To' ePsf], cfdf sfG5L tfdfªsf] dllt @)^@.$.@^ df d[To' eO{ lghx?sf] d[To'kl5 xsvfg] xsbf/x?df d lgj]bs nf]saxfb'/ tfdfª, rGb|axfb'/ tfdfª, sfdL l;+ tfdfª / ledaxfb'/ tfdfª ePsf]n] xfdLx?sf ;+o'Qm gfddf btf{÷gf=;f= u/L kfpF elg lbg' ePsf] lgj]bg adf]lhd btf{÷gf=;f= ubf{ c? s;}sf] xsef]u eP jf xs hfg ;Sg] jf ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf eP, dfu adf]lhd btf{ ug{ gldNg] ePdf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg'sf] nflu #% -k}lt;_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] bfjL ePdf cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;a'b k|df0fx? ;+nUg /fvL cfkm} jf jf/]z dfkm{t bfjL jf ph'/ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf Dofb leq ph'/ jf bfjL gk/L Dofb u'hf/L a;]df sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ eO{ hfg]5 . Dofb gf3L cfPsf] bfjL ph'/L dfly s'g} sf/jfxL gx'g] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . tkl;n uflj; j8f g+= ls=g+= If]qkmn lkmN8a'ssf] h=w=sf] gfd s}lkmot %

#@$ #(% $)%

$–$–)–! #–$–!–@ !!–!–!–)

k~rjL/ tfdfª

dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

xsbfaL ;DaGwL #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!@.@! ut] sfe|] lhNnf kfFrvfn g=kf= j8f g+= % a:g] s]zj k|;fb 9'+ufgfn] d]/} gfdsf] ;fljs nutdf le8\g] tklzndf pNn]lvt lsQf hUuf lkmN8a'sdf n]lvPsf h=w= d s]zj k|;fb 9'+ufgfsf] Psnf}6L gfddf btf{ u/L kfpF elg dfu lgj]bg u/]sfdf btf{ ubf{ c? s;}sf] xsef]u eP jf xs hfg ;Sg] jf ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf eP, dfu adf]lhd btf{ ug{ gldNg] ePdf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg'sf] nflu #% -k}lt;_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] bfjL ePdf cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;a'b k|df0fx? ;+nUg /fvL cfkm} jf jf/]z dfkm{t bfjL jf ph'/ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf Dofb leq ph'/ jf bfjL gk/L Dofb u'hf/L a;]df sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ eO{ hfg]5 .

Dofb gf3L cfPsf] bfjL ph'/L dfly s'g} sf/jfxL gx'g] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . tkl;n uflj; j8f g+= ls=g+= If]qkmn lkmN8a'ssf] h=w=sf] gfd s}lkmot kfFrvfn

#

%#

#–!%–#–@

s]zjk|;fb 9'+ufgf

dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

xsbfaL ;DaGwL #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!@.!$ ut] sfe|] lhNnf xfn kgf}tL g=kf= j8f g+= ! a:g] d}of tfdfª\gLn] d]/f] ;;'/f Odfg l;+ tfdfªsf] gfdsf] ;fljs nutdf le8\g] tklzndf pNn]lvt lsQf hUuf lkmN8a'sdf n]lvPsf h=w= Odfg l;+ tfdfªsf] ldlt @)$%.@.!% df / lghsL >LdtL zf]ef dfof tfdfªsf] ldlt @)$!.*.!@ df cfkm\g} sfnultn] d[To' ePsf] / lghx?af6 hfohGd ePsf Zofd l;+ tfdfªsf] ldlt @)&&.&.@ df d[To' ePsf] / lghx?sf] z]ifkl5 xsvfg] xsbf/df d lgj]bs d}of tfdfª\gL dfq ePsf] x'Fbf d]/f gfddf btf{÷gf=;f= u/L kfpF elg lbg' ePsf] lgj]bg adf]lhd gfd;f/L btf{÷gf=;f= ubf{ c? s;}sf] xsef]u eP jf xs hfg ;Sg] jf ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf eP, dfu adf]lhd btf{ ug{ gldNg] ePdf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg'sf] nflu #% -k}lt;_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% k}lt;_ lbgleq ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] bfjL ePdf cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;a'b k|df0fx? ;+nUg /fvL cfkm} jf jf/]z dfkm{t bfjL jf ph'/ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf Dofb leq ph'/ jf bfjL gk/L Dofb u'hf/L a;]df sfg"g adf]lhd gf=;f=÷btf{ eO{ hfg]5 . Dofb gf3L cfPsf] bfjL ph'/L dfly s'g} sf/jfxL gx'g] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . tkl;n uflj; j8f g+= ls=g+= If]qkmn lkmN8a'ssf] h=w=sf] gfd s}lkmot /ofn]

^

$#! #–!%–)–#

Odfg l;+ tfdfª

dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

xsbfaL ;DaGwL #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf

;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!@.@! ut] sfe|] lhNnf w'lnv]n g=kf= j8f g+= ^ a:g] ;fg'dfof ;'jfn ;d]t hgf # n] xfdLx?sf ;;'/f b]jbf; ;'jfnsf gfdsf] ;fljs nutaf6 le8\g] tklzndf pNn]lvt lsQf hUuf lkmN8a'sdf n]lvPsf h=w= b]jbf; ;'jfnsf] ldlt @)$!.(.!( df d[To' ePsf], cfdf cfzfdfof ;'jfnsf] ldlt @)%#.@.!# df d[To' ePsf], xfdLx?sf >Ldfg\ qmdzM hutnfn ;'jfn, /Tgaxfb'/ ;'jfn / rGb|axfb'/ ;'jfnsf] ldlt qmdzM @)^^.#.^, @)$#.(.^ / @)^(.@.@# df d[To' eO{ lghx?sf] d[To' kl5 xs vfg] xsbf/x?df qmdzM ;fg'dfof ;'jfn, /fds'df/L ;'jfn / xl/dfof ;'jfn ePsf]n] xfdLx?sf ;+o'Qm gfddf btf{÷gf=;f= u/L kfpF elg lbg' ePsf] lgj]bg adf]lhd btf{÷gf=;f= ubf{ c? s;}sf] xsef]u eP jf xs hfg ;Sg] jf ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf eP, dfu adf]lhd btf{ ug{ gldNg] ePdf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg'sf] nflu #% -k}lt;_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] bfjL ePdf cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;a'b k|df0fx? ;+nUg /fvL cfkm} jf jf/]z dfkm{t bfjL jf ph'/ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf Dofb leq ph'/ jf bfjL gk/L Dofb u'hf/L a;]df sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ eO{ hfg]5 . Dofb gf3L cfPsf] bfjL ph'/L dfly s'g} sf/jfxL gx'g] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . tkl;n uflj; j8f g+= ls=g+= If]qkmn lkmN8a'ssf] h=w=sf] gfd s}lkmot

;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!@.!$ ut] sfe|] lhNnf xfn rf}/Lb]p/fnL uf=kf= j8f g+= ^ a:g] w'j{/fh lu/Ln] d]/f lktf gf]v/fh lu/Lsf gfdsf] ;fljs nutdf le8\g] tklzndf pNn]lvt lsQf hUuf lkmN8a'sdf n]lvPsf h=w= gf]v/fh lu/Lsf] ldlt @)^#.$.( df cfkm\g} sfnultn] d[To' ePsf] / lghsf] >LdtL lbndfof lu/Lsf] ldlt @)^*.(.!% df d[To' ePsf]n] lghx?sf] z]ifkl5 xsvfg] xsbf/df d Psdfq 5f]/f /x]sf] x'Fbf d]/f gfddf Psnf}6L btf{÷gf=;f= u/L kfpF elg lbg' ePsf] lgj]bg adf]lhd gfd;f/L btf{÷gf=;f= ubf{ c? s;}sf] xsef]u eP jf xs hfg ;Sg] jf ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf eP, dfu adf]lhd btf{ ug{ gldNg] ePdf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg'sf] nflu #% -k}lt;_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] bfjL ePdf cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;a'b k|df0fx? ;+nUg /fvL cfkm} jf jf/]z dfkm{t bfjL jf ph'/ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf Dofb leq ph'/ jf bfjL gk/L Dofb u'hf/L a;]df sfg"g adf]lhd gf=;f=÷btf{ eO{ hfg]5 . Dofb gf3L cfPsf] bfjL ph'/L dfly s'g} sf/jfxL gx'g] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . tkl;n uflj; j8f g+= ls=g+= If]qkmn lkmN8a'ssf] h=w=sf] gfd s}lkmot

w'lnv]n

sflQs]b]p/fnL

*s

#^!

!–^–#–!

b]jbf; ;'jfn

$

%&) !)–*–!–@

gf]v/fh lu/L

uflj;

j8f g+= ls=g+=

w'lnv]n

*s

s}lkmot

dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

HofDbL

sfe|] lhNnf w'lnv]n g=kf= j8f g+= ^ a:g] gjlbk >]i7 ;d]tn] xfdLx?sf lktf lzj k|;fb Gx;Lsf gfdsf] gfdsf] ;fljs nutaf6 le8\g] tklzndf pNn]lvt lsQf hUuf lkmN8a'sdf n]lvPsf h=w= lzj k|;fb Gx;L >]i7sf] ldlt @)^(.&.@! df d[To' ePsf], cfdf dl;g'dfof >]i7sf] ldlt @)$^.#.# df d[To' eO{ lghx?sf] d[To' kl5 xsvfg] xsbf/x?df 5f]/fx? lbks >]i7, k|lbk >]i7 / gjlbk >]i7 ePsfn] xfdLx?sf ;+o'Qm gfddf btf{÷gf=;f= u/L kfpF elg lbg' ePsf] lgj]bg adf]lhd btf{÷gf=;f= ubf{ c? s;}sf] xsef]u eP jf xs hfg ;Sg] jf ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf eP, dfu adf]lhd btf{ ug{ gldNg] ePdf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg'sf] nflu #% -k}lt;_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] bfjL ePdf cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;a'b k|df0fx? ;+nUg /fvL cfkm} jf jf/]z dfkm{t bfjL jf ph'/ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf Dofb leq ph'/ jf bfjL gk/L Dofb u'hf/L a;]df sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ eO{ hfg]5 . Dofb gf3L cfPsf] bfjL ph'/L dfly s'g} sf/jfxL gx'g] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 .

$*& $()

tkl;n If]qkmn lkmN8a'ssf] h=w=sf] gfd

)–!–#–) )–^–!–!

s}lkmot

lzjk|;fb Gx;L >]i7

dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

xsbfaL ;DaGwL #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!@.@! ut] sfe|] lhNnf w'lnv]n g=kf= j8f g+= !@ a:g] xl/ axfb'/ vqL ;d]tn] d]/} gfdsf] ;fljs nutdf le8\g] tkl;ndf pNn]lvt lsQf hUuf lkmN8a'sdf n]lvPsf] h=w= OGb|axfb'/ vqL / xl/ axfb'/ vqLn] xfdL lgj]bsx?sf ;+o'Qm gfddf btf{ u/L kfpF elg dfu lgj]bg u/]sfdf btf{ ubf{ c? s;}sf] xsef]u eP jf xs hfg ;Sg] jf ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf eP, dfu adf]lhd btf{ ug{ gldNg] ePdf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg'sf] nflu #% -k}lt;_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] bfjL ePdf cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;a'b k|df0fx? ;+nUg /fvL cfkm} jf jf/]z dfkm{t bfjL jf ph'/ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf Dofb leq ph'/ jf bfjL gk/L Dofb u'hf/L a;]df sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ eO{ hfg]5 . Dofb gf3L cfPsf] bfjL ph'/L dfly s'g} sf/jfxL gx'g] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 .

uflj;

j8f g+= ls=g+=

zf/bfatf;]

&

!*$

If]qkmn

tkl;n lkmN8a'ssf] h=w=sf] gfd

!–!–@–@

OGb|axfb'/ vqL / xl/axfb'/ vqL

s}lkmot OGb|axfb'/ / z]/ axfb'/ b'O{ gfd ePsf] JolQm Ps} ePsf] l;kmfl/; k|fKt

dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

xsbfaL ;DaGwL #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!@.@! ut] sfe|] lhNnf xfn kgf}tL g=kf= j8f g+= # a:g] a'l4dfg tfdfªsf] gflt an axfb'/ tfdfªsf] 5f]/f lhtaxfb'/ tfdfªn] d]/f lktf an axfb'/ tfdfªsf] gfdsf] 8fF8fjf/L lj . . $ sf] ;fljs nutdf le8\g] ;e{] gfkLsf] ;dodf lkmN8a'sdf afFem n]lvPsf] tklzndf pNn]lvt lsQf hUuf lgh an axfb'/ tfdfªsf] ldlt @)$$.$.@^ df d[To' ePsf] / cfdf sfG5L tfdfªsf] ldlt @)%@.@.!% df cf–cfkm\g} sfnultn] d[To' eO{ lghx?sf] d[To'kl5 xsvfg] xsbf/x?df tLg 5f]/fx? lhtaxfb'/ nfdf, sfG5f/fd tfdfª / k|]daxfb'/ tfdfª ePsf] pQm lsQf hUuf d]/f] c+zefudf k/]sf] x'Fbf d lhtaxfb'/ nfdfsf] gfddf Psnf}6L btf{ u/L kfpF elg dfu lgj]bg u/]sfdf btf{ ubf{ c? s;}sf] xsef]u eP jf xs hfg ;Sg] jf ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf eP, dfu adf]lhd btf{ ug{ gldNg] ePdf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg'sf] nflu #% -k}lt;_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] bfjL ePdf cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;a'b k|df0fx? ;+nUg /fvL cfkm} jf jf/]z dfkm{t bfjL jf ph'/ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf Dofb leq ph'/ jf bfjL gk/L Dofb u'hf/L a;]df sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ eO{ hfg]5 . Dofb gf3L cfPsf] bfjL ph'/L dfly s'g} sf/jfxL gx'g] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . tkl;n uflj; j8f g+= ls=g+= If]qkmn lkmN8a'ssf] h=w=sf] gfd s}lkmot s'zfb]jL

(

%$%

$#–!–@–#

lkmN8a'ssf] hf]tfxf dxndf afFem / h=w= dxndf k]lG;nn] b=g+= @!% n]lvPsf]

dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

xsbfaL ;DaGwL #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!@.!$ ut] sfe|] lhNnf xfn rf}/Lb]p/fnL uf=kf= j8f g+= $ xfn rf}/Lb]p/fnL uf=kf= j8f g+= ^ a:g] ;'/]Gb| /fh lu/L ;d]tn] xfdLx?sf a'af gf]v/fh lu/Lsf gfdsf] nutdf le8\g] tklzndf pNn]lvt lsQf hUuf lkmN8a'sdf n]lvPsf h=w= ;'/]Gb| /fh lu/L / n'Qm/fh lu/L eGg] lj/]Gb| /fh lu/L xfdLx?sf gfddf ;+o'Qm btf{ ul/ kfpF elg lbg'ePsf] lgj]bg adf]lhd gfd;f/L btf{ c? s;}sf] xsef]u eP jf xs hfg ;Sg] jf ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf eP, dfu adf]lhd btf{ ug{ gldNg] ePdf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg'sf] nflu #% -k}lt;_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] bfjL ePdf cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;a'b k|df0fx? ;+nUg /fvL cfkm} jf jf/]z dfkm{t bfjL jf ph'/ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf Dofb leq ph'/ jf bfjL gk/L Dofb u'hf/L a;]df sfg"g adf]lhd gf=;f=÷btf{ eO{ hfg]5 . Dofb gf3L cfPsf] bfjL ph'/L dfly s'g} sf/jfxL gx'g] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . tkl;n lkmN8a'ssf] uflj; j8f g+= ls=g+= If]qkmn s}lkmot h=w=sf] gfd sflQs]b]p/fnL $ !%# !%–)–#–# ;'/]Gb| /fh rf}/Lb]p/fnL j8f g+= ^ sf] r=g+= ^*! ldlt !%$ @^–)–#–) lu/L / n'Qm/fh lu/L @ ) * ) . ! ! . & s f ] l;kmfl/;af6 n'Qm/fh lu/L eGg] lj/]Gb|/fh lu/L elg pNn]v eO{ cfPsf] .

dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

xsbfaL ;DaGwL #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!@.!$ ut] sfe|] lhNnf xfn rf}/Lb]p/fnL uf=kf= j8f g+= ^ a:g] ;'/]Gb| /fh lu/L ;d]tn] xfdLx?sf xsbf/ ltns/fh lu/L ;d]tsf gfdsf] ;fljs nutdf le8\g] tklzndf pNn]lvt lsQf hUuf lkmN8a'sdf n]lvPsf h=w= ;'/]Gb| /fh lu/L / ltns/fh lu/L ePsf]df ltns/fh lu/Lsf] ldlt @)^*.!).% df d[To' ePsf] lghsf] z]ifkl5 xsvfg] xsbf/df d Psdfq >LdtL lbns'df/L lu/L / ;fljs h=w= ;'/]Gb|/fh lu/L ePsf] x'Fbf xfdLx?sf gfddf btf{÷gf=;f= u/L kfpF elg lbg' ePsf] lgj]bg adf]lhd gfd;f/L btf{÷gf=;f= ubf{ c? s;}sf] xsef]u eP jf xs hfg ;Sg] jf ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf eP, dfu adf]lhd btf{ ug{ gldNg] ePdf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg'sf] nflu #% -k}lt;_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] bfjL ePdf cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;a'b k|df0fx? ;+nUg /fvL cfkm} jf jf/]z dfkm{t bfjL jf ph'/ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf Dofb leq ph'/ jf bfjL gk/L Dofb u'hf/L a;]df sfg"g adf]lhd gf=;f=÷btf{ eO{ hfg]5 . Dofb gf3L cfPsf] bfjL ph'/L dfly s'g} sf/jfxL gx'g] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . tkl;n lkmN8a'ssf] uflj; j8f g+= ls=g+= If]qkmn s}lkmot h=w=sf] gfd # g+= gf=6f]=sf] lg=b=g+= sflQs]b]p/fnL $ %*) #%–!#–#–! vfnL #^^ ldlt @)##.$.!% %(& @–@–#–@ sf] 6f]sadf]lhd ;'/]Gb| /fh lu/L / ltns/fh lu/L

*

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

jif{ #) c+s @@ @)*) r}q @@ ut] ljxLjf/

dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

#% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf xsbfaL ;DaGwL #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf xsbfaL ;DaGwL #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf xsbfaL ;DaGwL ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!@.@! ut]

;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!@.@! ut] sfe|] lhNnf gdf]a'4 g=kf= j8f g+= ( a:g] k|]ds'df/ >]i7n] d]/fxh'/a'af Zofds'df/ >]i7sf] gfdsf] ;fljs nutaf6 le8\g] tkl;ndf pNn]lvt lsQf hUuf lkmN8a'sdf n]lvPsf h=w= Zofd s'df/ >]i7sf] ldlt @)$#.^.@) df, cfdf lrgLdfof >]i7sf] ldlt @)^).&.!! df d[To' eO{ lghx?sf] d[To'kl5 xsvfg] xsbf/x?df d 5f]/f k|]d s'df/ >]i7sf] gfddf Psnf}6L btf{÷gf=;f= u/L kfpF elg lbg' ePsf] lgj]bg adf]lhd btf{÷gf=;f= ubf{ c? s;}sf] xsef]u eP jf xs hfg ;Sg] jf ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf eP, dfu adf]lhd btf{ ug{ gldNg] ePdf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg'sf] nflu #% -k}lt;_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] bfjL ePdf cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;a'b k|df0fx? ;+nUg /fvL cfkm} jf jf/]z dfkm{t bfjL jf ph'/ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf Dofb leq ph'/ jf bfjL gk/L Dofb u'hf/L a;]df sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ eO{ hfg]5 . Dofb gf3L cfPsf] bfjL ph'/L dfly s'g} sf/jfxL gx'g] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . tkl;n uflj; j8f g+= ls=g+= If]qkmn lkmN8a'ssf] h=w=sf] gfd s}lkmot bfKrf 5q]afFem

!

##) )–#–)–@

Zofd s'df/ >]i7

dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

xsbfaL ;DaGwL #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!@.@! ut] sfe|] lhNnf kgf}tL g=kf= j8f g+= ! a:g] gf/fo0f k|;fb ;fksf]6fn] d]/f a'af d'/nL k|;fb ;fksf]6fsf] gfdsf] ;fljs nutaf6 le8\g] tkl;ndf pNn]lvt lsQf hUuf lkmN8a'sdf n]lvPsf h=w= d'/nL k|;fb ;fksf]6fsf] ldlt @)$^.#.! df, cfdf cj5/f ;fksf]6fsf] ldlt @)$).#.#) df d[To' eO{ lghx?sf] d[To'kl5 xsvfg] xsbf/x?df 5f]/fx? cf]dgfy ;fksf]6f / xl/k|;fb ;fksf]6fsf] dGh'/Ln] d gf/fo0f k|;fb ;fksf]6fsf] Psnf}6L xfd|f gfddf btf{÷gf=;f= u/L kfpF elg lbg' ePsf] lgj]bg adf]lhd btf{÷gf=;f= ubf{ c? s;}sf] xsef]u eP jf xs hfg ;Sg] jf ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf eP, dfu adf]lhd btf{ ug{ gldNg] ePdf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg'sf] nflu #% -k}lt;_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] bfjL ePdf cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;a'b k|df0fx? ;+nUg /fvL cfkm} jf jf/]z dfkm{t bfjL jf ph'/ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf Dofb leq ph'/ jf bfjL gk/L Dofb u'hf/L a;]df sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ eO{ hfg]5 .

Dofb gf3L cfPsf] bfjL ph'/L dfly s'g} sf/jfxL gx'g] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . tkl;n uflj; j8f g+= ls=g+= If]qkmn lkmN8a'ssf] h=w=sf] gfd s}lkmot s'zfb]jL

(

!!

!–!–@–@

;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!@.@! ut] sfe|] lhNnf gdf]a'4 g=kf= j8f g+= * a:g] k~rrdfof >]i7;d]tn] xfdLx?sf ;;'/f eQm axfb'/ >]i7sf] gfdsf] ;fljs nutaf6 le8\g] tkl;ndf pNn]lvt lsQf hUuf lkmN8a'sdf n]lvPsf h=w= eQm axfb'/ >]i7sf] ldlt @)#(.&.!$ df, ;f;' dl;g'dfof >]i7sf] ldlt @)@*.^.!* df >Ldfg /fdrGb| >]i7sf] ldlt @)&&.!).@) df / >Ldfg >Ls[i0f >]i7sf] ldlt @)&#.#.@! df d[To eO{ lghx?sf] d[To'kl5 xsvfg] xsbf/x?df k~rdfof >]i7 / j:tdfof >]i7sf] ;+o'Qm gfddf btf{÷gf=;f= u/L kfpF elg lbg' ePsf] lgj]bg adf]lhd btf{÷gf=;f= ubf{ c? s;}sf] xsef]u eP jf xs hfg ;Sg] jf ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf eP, dfu adf]lhd btf{ ug{ gldNg] ePdf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg'sf] nflu #% -k}lt;_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] bfjL ePdf cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;a'b k|df0fx? ;+nUg /fvL cfkm} jf jf/]z dfkm{t bfjL jf ph'/ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf Dofb leq ph'/ jf bfjL gk/L Dofb u'hf/L a;]df sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ eO{ hfg]5 . Dofb gf3L cfPsf] bfjL ph'/L dfly s'g} sf/jfxL gx'g] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . tkl;n uflj; j8f g+= ls=g+= If]qkmn lkmN8a'ssf] h=w=sf] gfd s}lkmot @$ )–)–@–@ @( )–&–@–#

;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!@.@! ut] sfe|] lhNnf kfFrvfn g=kf= j8f g+= ( a:g] dw';'bg yfkfdu/ ;d]tn] zflGt b]jL yfkf;Fu emu8f hlgO{ cbfntaf6 ;d]t km};nf ePsf] tklzndf pNn]lvt lsQf hUuf lkmN8a'sdf n]lvPsf h=w= s[i0faxfb'/ yfkfdu/ ePsf] lghsf] ldlt @)%%.!).!) df, cfdf 7udfof yfkfdu/sf] ldlt @)&%.#.& df / bfh' xl/s[i0f yfkfdu/sf] ldlt @)$%.!).% df / efph' 7'nLdfof yfkfdu/sf] ldlt @)&#.^.!! df d[To' eO{ lghx?sf] d[To'kl5 xsvfg] xsbf/x?df d lgj]bs dw';'bg yfkfdu/ ;d]t hgf # sf] ;+o'Qm gfddf btf{÷gf=;f= u/L kfpF elg lbg' ePsf] lgj]bg adf]lhd btf{÷gf=;f= ubf{ c? s;}sf] xsef]u eP jf xs hfg ;Sg] jf ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf eP, dfu adf]lhd btf{ ug{ gldNg] ePdf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg'sf] nflu #% -k}lt;_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] bfjL ePdf cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;a'b k|df0fx? ;+nUg /fvL cfkm} jf jf/]z dfkm{t bfjL jf ph'/ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf Dofb leq ph'/ jf bfjL gk/L Dofb u'hf/L a;]df sfg"g adf]lhd btf{÷gf=;f=eO{ hfg]5 . Dofb gf3L cfPsf] bfjL ph'/L dfly s'g} sf/jfxL gx'g] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 .

uflj;

j8f g+= ls=g+=

;f7L3/ eujtL

@

@^%

tkl;n If]qkmn lkmN8a'ssf] h=w=sf] gfd )–!!–!–!

s[i0faxfb'/ yfkfdu/

s}lkmot zflGtb]jL yfkf;Fu emu8f hlgO{ cbfntaf6 ;d]t km};nf ePsf]

;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!@.@! ut] sfe|] lhNnf ag]kf g=kf= j8f g+= # a:g] ;fg' ;'u/fh bfxfn ;d]tn] xfdLx?sf xh'/a'af lzjk|;fb bfxfnsf] gfdsf] ;fljs nutaf6 le8\g] tklzndf pNn]lvt lsQf hUuf lkmN8a'sdf n]lvPsf h=w= rGb|k|;fb bfxfnsf] ldlt @)^!.$.@% df, cfdf vf]k s'df/L bfxfnsf] ldlt @)^(.*.!# df d[To' eO{ lghx?sf] d[To'kl5 xsvfg] xsbf/x?df 5f]/f Zofdk|;fb bfxfnsf] dGh'/Ln] xfdL ;fg' ;'u/fh bfxfn ;d]tsf ;+o'Qm gfddf btf{÷gf=;f= ubf{ c? s;}sf] xsef]u eP jf xs hfg ;Sg] jf ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf eP, dfu adf]lhd btf{ ug{ gldNg] ePdf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg'sf] nflu #% -k}lt;_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] bfjL ePdf cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;a'b k|df0fx? ;+nUg /fvL cfkm} jf jf/]z dfkm{t bfjL jf ph'/ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf Dofb leq ph'/ jf bfjL gk/L Dofb u'hf/L a;]df sfg"g adf]lhd btf{÷gf=;f= eO{ hfg]5 . Dofb gf3L cfPsf] bfjL ph'/L dfly s'g} sf/jfxL gx'g] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . tkl;n uflj; j8f g+= ls=g+= If]qkmn lkmN8a'ssf] h=w=sf] gfd s}lkmot pu|r08L * #%^ !–^–)–# rGb|k|;fb bfxfn gfnf

dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

xsbfaL ;DaGwL #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!@.@! ut] sfe|] lhNnf kgf}tL g=kf= j8f g+= # a:g] led;]g ;fksf]6fn] d]/f a'af ?b|d0fL ;fksf]6fsf] gfdsf] ;fljs nutaf6 le8\g] tklzndf pNn]lvt lsQf hUuf lkmN8a'sdf n]lvPsf h=w= ?b|dl0f ;fksf]6fsf] ldlt @)%(.@.!* df, cfdf afns'df/L ;fksf]6fsf] ldlt @)%*.*.!# df, bfh' j]bk|;fb ;fksf]6fsf] ldlt @)&*.*.^ df, bfh' ejgfy ;fksf]6fsf] ldlt @)%#.#.% d[To' eO{ lghx?sf] d[To'kl5 xsvfg] xsbf/x?df cGo xsbf/x?sf] dGh'/Ln] d led;]g ;fksf]6fsf] gfddf Psnf}6L btf{÷gf=;f= ubf{ c? s;}sf] xsef]u eP jf xs hfg ;Sg] jf ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf eP, dfu adf]lhd btf{ ug{ gldNg] ePdf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg'sf] nflu #% -k}lt;_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] bfjL ePdf cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;a'b k|df0fx? ;+nUg /fvL cfkm} jf jf/]z dfkm{t bfjL jf ph'/ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf Dofb leq ph'/ jf bfjL gk/L Dofb u'hf/L a;]df sfg"g adf]lhd btf{÷gf=;f= eO{ hfg]5 . Dofb gf3L cfPsf] bfjL ph'/L dfly s'g} sf/jfxL gx'g] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . uflj;

j8f g+= ls=g+=

s'zfb]jL

xsbfaL ;DaGwL #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf

&

xsbfaL ;DaGwL #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf

d'/nL k|;fb ;fksf]6f

dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

vgfnyf]s

sfe|] lhNnf ;fljs s'zfb]jL uflj; j8f g+= # xfn kgf}tL g=kf= j8f g+= # a:g] 6'ns s'df/L e'h]nn] d]/f ;;'/f ;fgf] kbd axfb'/ e'h]nsf] gfdsf] ;fljs nutaf6 le8\g] tkl;ndf pNn]lvt lsQf hUuf lkmN8a'sdf n]lvPsf h=w= u0f]z axfb'/ e'h]nsf] ldlt @)^@.$.$ df d[To' ePsf]n] d]/f] gfddf Psnf}6L btf{ u/L kfpF elg lbg' ePsf] lgj]bg adf]lhd btf{÷gf=;f= ubf{ c? s;}sf] xsef]u eP jf xs hfg ;Sg] jf ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf eP, dfu adf]lhd btf{ ug{ gldNg] ePdf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg'sf] nflu #% -k}lt;_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] bfjL ePdf cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;a'b k|df0fx? ;+nUg /fvL cfkm} jf jf/]z dfkm{t bfjL jf ph'/ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf Dofb leq ph'/ jf bfjL gk/L Dofb u'hf/L a;]df sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ eO{ hfg]5 . Dofb gf3L cfPsf] bfjL ph'/L dfly s'g} sf/jfxL gx'g] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . tkl;n uflj; j8f g+= ls=g+= If]qkmn lkmN8a'ssf] h=w=sf] gfd s}lkmot ;'AafufpF (v !)! ^–@–)–@ u0f]z axfb'/ e'h]n

dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

xsbfaL ;DaGwL #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!@.@! ut] sfe|] lhNnf w'lnv]n g=kf= j8f g+= !@ a:g] dx]Zj/ vqL ;d]t # hgfn] xfdLx?sf a'af l;l4axfb'/ vqLsf ;fljs nutaf6 le8\g] tklzndf pNn]lvt lsQf hUuf lkmN8a'sdf n]lvPsf h=w= l;l4axfb'/ vqLsf] ldlt @)^$.!.!) df d[To' ePsf], cfdf uf]kL du/sf] ldlt @)&%.%.% df d[To' ePsf]n] lghx?sf] d[To' kl5 xsvfg] xsbf/x?df dx]z vqL, s[i0f axfb'/ vqL / s]bf/ vqL dfq ePsf]n] xfdL lgj]bsx?sf ;+o'Qm gfddf btf{÷gf=;f= u/L kfpF elg lbg' ePsf] lgj]bg adf]lhd btf{÷gf=;f= ubf{ c? s;}sf] xsef]u eP jf xs hfg ;Sg] jf ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf eP, dfu adf]lhd btf{ ug{ gldNg] ePdf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg'sf] nflu #% -k}lt;_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] bfjL ePdf cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;a'b k|df0fx? ;+nUg /fvL cfkm} jf jf/]z dfkm{t bfjL jf ph'/ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf Dofb leq ph'/ jf bfjL gk/L Dofb u'hf/L a;]df sfg"g adf]lhd btf{÷gf=;f=eO{ hfg]5 . Dofb gf3L cfPsf] bfjL ph'/L dfly s'g} sf/jfxL gx'g] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . tkl;n uflj; j8f g+= ls=g+= If]qkmn lkmN8a'ssf] h=w=sf] gfd s}lkmot zf/bfatf;]

&

!*&

)–!$–!–#

l;l4 axfb'/ vqL

eQm axfb'/ >]i7

dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

l;4 axfb'/ ahufO{ / l;l4axfb'/ vqL b'O{ gfd÷y/ u/]sf] JolQm Ps} ePsf] l;kmfl/; k|fKt

dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

!

tkl;n If]qkmn lkmN8a'ssf] h=w=sf] gfd

$&% #–!#–)–)

s}lkmot

?b|d0fL ;fksf]6f

dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

xsbfaL ;DaGwL #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!@.@! ut] sfe|] lhNnf kfFrvfn g=kf= j8f g+= @ a:g] l6sf/fd ;fsL{n] k'8\sL ;fsL{, k"0f{dfof ;fsL{ / d l6sf/fd ;fsL{ ;d]tsf] gfdsf] ;fljs nutaf6 le8\g] tklzndf pNn]lvt lsQf hUuf lkmN8a'sdf n]lvPsf h=w= k'8\sL ;fsL{, k"0f{dfof ;fsL{ / d l6sf/fd ;fsL{ dWo] cfdf k'8\sL ;fsL{sf] ldlt @)##.^.@! df, ;f}t]gL cfdf k"0f{dfof ;fsL{sf] ldlt @)$@.!!.% df / a'af nfnlj/ ;fsL{sf] ldlt @)@(.&.!) df d[To' eO{ lghx?sf] d[To'kl5 xsvfg] xsbf/x?df d lgj]bs l6sf/fd ;fsL{sf gfddf Psnf}6L btf{÷gf=;f= ubf{ c? s;}sf] xsef]u eP jf xs hfg ;Sg] jf ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf eP, dfu adf]lhd btf{ ug{ gldNg] ePdf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg'sf] nflu #% -k}lt;_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] bfjL ePdf cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;a'b k|df0fx? ;+nUg /fvL cfkm} jf jf/]z dfkm{t bfjL jf ph'/ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf Dofb leq ph'/ jf bfjL gk/L Dofb u'hf/L a;]df sfg"g adf]lhd btf{÷gf=;f= eO{ hfg]5 . Dofb gf3L cfPsf] bfjL ph'/L dfly s'g} sf/jfxL gx'g] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . tkl;n uflj; j8f g+= ls=g+= If]qkmn lkmN8a'ssf] h=w=sf] gfd s}lkmot cg}sf]6

(

!#%

#–!!–#–)

k'8\sL ;fsL{, k"0f{dfof ;fsL{ / l6sf/fd ;fsL{

dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

#% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf xsbfaL ;DaGwL #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf xsbfaL ;DaGwL #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf xsbfaL ;DaGwL ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!@.@! ut]

;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!@.@! ut] sfe|] lhNnf kfFrvfn g=kf= j8f g+= ( a:g] sfG5L sfdLn] zflGtb]jL yfkf;Fu emu8f hlgO cbfntaf6 ;d]t km};nf ePsf] tkl;ndf pNn]lvt lsQf hUuf lkmN8a'sdf n]lvPsf h=w= d]/f ;;'/f afa'nfn sfdL ePsf] lghsf] ldlt @)^!.!.! df, ;f;' dgdfof sfdLsf] ldlt @)#$.#.!% df / >ldfg x'G8' sfdLsf] ldlt @)%(.&.!% df d[To' eO{ lghx?sf] d[To'kl5 xsvfg] xsbf/x?df d lgj]bs ;nfdl;+ tfdfªsf] gfddf Psnf}6L btf{÷gf=;f= u/L kfpF elg lbg' ePsf] lgj]bg adf]lhd btf{÷gf=;f= ubf{ c? s;}sf] xsef]u eP jf xs hfg ;Sg] jf ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf eP, dfu adf]lhd btf{ ug{ gldNg] ePdf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg'sf] nflu #% -k}lt;_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] bfjL ePdf cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;a'b k|df0fx? ;+nUg /fvL cfkm} jf jf/]z dfkm{t bfjL jf ph'/ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf Dofb leq ph'/ jf bfjL gk/L Dofb u'hf/L a;]df sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ eO{ hfg]5 . Dofb gf3L cfPsf] bfjL ph'/L dfly s'g} sf/jfxL gx'g] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . tkl;n uflj; j8f g+= ls=g+= If]qkmn lkmN8a'ssf] h=w=sf] gfd s}lkmot ;f7L3/ eujtL

#

&!& #–$–@–)

afa'nfn sfdL

zflGtb] j L yfkf;F u emu8f hlgO{ cbfntaf6 ;d]t km};nf ePsf]

dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

sfe|] lhNnf w'lnv]n g=kf= j8f g+= !@ a:g] rt'/ axfb'/ tfdfª ;d]tn] ;fljs h=w= xl/ axfb'/ yfkfsf gfdaf6 /=g+= @#)@ ldlt @)#@.!@.)( df /flhgfdf u/L xfdLx?sf xh'/cfdf em\of]df] tfdfªn] vl/b ul/ NofPsf] ;fljs nut xl/ axfb'/ yfkfsf gfdaf6 le8\g] tklzndf pNn]lvt lsQf hUuf lkmN8a'sdf n]lvPsf h=w= em\of]df] tfdfªsf] ldlt @)$^.$.!% df d[To' ePsf], lghsf] klt a'l4 axfb'/ tfdfªsf] ldlt @)&!.!).# df, sfG5L tfdfªsf] ldlt @)^(.!!.% df d[To' ePsf]n] lghx?sf] d[To'kl5 xsvfg] xsbf/x?df bL3{/fh tfdfª / /f]xg tfdfªsf] dGh'/Ln] xfdLx? lgj]bssf ;+o'Qm gfddf btf{÷gf=;f= u/L kfpF elg lbg' ePsf] lgj]bg adf]lhd btf{÷gf=;f= ubf{ c? s;}sf] xsef]u eP jf xs hfg ;Sg] jf ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf eP, dfu adf]lhd btf{ ug{ gldNg] ePdf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg'sf] nflu #% -k}lt;_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] bfjL ePdf cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;a'b k|df0fx? ;+nUg /fvL cfkm} jf jf/]z dfkm{t bfjL jf ph'/ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf Dofb leq ph'/ jf bfjL gk/L Dofb u'hf/L a;]df sfg"g adf]lhd btf{÷gf=;f=eO{ hfg]5 . Dofb gf3L cfPsf] bfjL ph'/L dfly s'g} sf/jfxL gx'g] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . tkl;n uflj; j8f g+= ls=g+= If]qkmn lkmN8a'ssf] h=w=sf] gfd s}lkmot

zf/bfatf;]

(

*$ #–!@–#–@

;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!@.@! ut] sfe|] lhNnf e'Dn' uf=kf= j8f g+= @ a:g] ;'Aaf v8\sf ;d]tn] xfdLx?sf cfdf rGb| s'df/L v8\sfsf] gfdsf] ;fljs nutaf6 le8\g] tklzndf pNn]lvt lsQf hUuf lkmN8a'sdf n]lvPsf h=w= rGb|s'df/L v8\sfsf] ldlt @)%#.#.@ df, a'af ho axfb'/ v8\sfsf] ldlt @)%%.*.@( df bfh'÷efO{÷>Ldfg s[i0f axfb'/ v8\sfsf] ldlt @)^$.$.$ df d[To' eO{ lghx?sf] d[To'kl5 xsvfg] xsbf/x?df anaxfb'/ v8\sfsf] dGh'/Ln] xfdL lgj]bsx?sf ;+o'Qm gfddf btf{÷gf=;f= ubf{ c? s;}sf] xsef]u eP jf xs hfg ;Sg] jf ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf eP, dfu adf]lhd btf{ ug{ gldNg] ePdf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg'sf] nflu #% k}lt;_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] bfjL ePdf cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;a'b k|df0fx? ;+nUg /fvL cfkm} jf jf/]z dfkm{t bfjL jf ph'/ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf Dofb leq ph'/ jf bfjL gk/L Dofb u'hf/L a;]df sfg"g adf]lhd btf{÷gf=;f= eO{ hfg]5 . Dofb gf3L cfPsf] bfjL ph'/L dfly s'g} sf/jfxL gx'g] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . tkl;n uflj; j8f g+= ls=g+= If]qkmn lkmN8a'ssf] h=w=sf] gfd s}lkmot l;DynL

$

em\of]df] tfdfª

dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

!@@ !%

%–(–@–) $–!@–@–!

rGb| s'df/L v8\sf

dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

xsbfaL ;DaGwL #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf xsbfaL ;DaGwL #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf xsbfaL ;DaGwL #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!@.@! ut] sfe|] lhNnf /f]zL uf=kf= j8f g+= % a:g] ;nfd l;+ tfdfªn] d]/f a'af ;gdfg tfdfª gfdsf] ;fljs nutaf6 le8\g] tklzndf pNn]lvt lsQf hUuf lkmN8a'sdf n]lvPsf h=w= ;gdfg l;+ tfdfªsf] ldlt @)^@.^.( df, cfdf 7"nLdfof tfdfªsf] ldlt @)^#.!!.@@ df d[To' eO{ lghx?sf] d[To'kl5 xsvfg] xsbf/x?df d lgj]bs ;nfdl;+ tfdfªsf] gfddf Psnf}6L btf{÷gf=;f= u/L kfpF elg lbg' ePsf] lgj]bg adf]lhd btf{÷gf=;f= ubf{ c? s;}sf] xsef]u eP jf xs hfg ;Sg] jf ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf eP, dfu adf]lhd btf{ ug{ gldNg] ePdf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg'sf] nflu #% -k}lt;_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] bfjL ePdf cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;a'b k|df0fx? ;+nUg /fvL cfkm} jf jf/]z dfkm{t bfjL jf ph'/ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf Dofb leq ph'/ jf bfjL gk/L Dofb u'hf/L a;]df sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ eO{ hfg]5 . Dofb gf3L cfPsf] bfjL ph'/L dfly s'g} sf/jfxL gx'g] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . tkl;n uflj; j8f g+= ls=g+= If]qkmn lkmN8a'ssf] h=w=sf] gfd s}lkmot

;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!@.@! ut] sfe|] lhNnf kgf}tL g=kf= j8f g+= $ a:g] k|]daxfb'/ >]i7 ;d]tn] xfdLx?sf lktf s[i0f axfb'/ >]i7sf] gfdsf] ;fljs nutaf6 le8\g] tklzndf pNn]lvt lsQf hUuf lkmN8a'sdf n]lvPsf h=w= s[i0faxfb'/ >]i7sf] ldlt @)^@.@.!$ df d[To' ePsf], cfdf lji0f'dfof >]i7sf] ldlt @)&%.!!.@$ df d[To' ePsf]n] lghx?sf] d[To'kl5 xfdLx?sf ;+o'Qm gfddf btf{÷gf=;f= u/L kfpF elg lbg' ePsf] lgj]bg adf]lhd btf{÷gf=;f= ubf{ c? s;}sf] xsef]u eP jf xs hfg ;Sg] jf ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf eP, dfu adf]lhd btf{ ug{ gldNg] ePdf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg'sf] nflu #% -k}lt;_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] bfjL ePdf cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;a'b k|df0fx? ;+nUg /fvL cfkm} jf jf/]z dfkm{t bfjL jf ph'/ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf Dofb leq ph'/ jf bfjL gk/L Dofb u'hf/L a;]df sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ eO{ hfg]5 . Dofb gf3L cfPsf] bfjL ph'/L dfly s'g} sf/jfxL gx'g] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . tkl;n uflj; j8f g+= ls=g+= If]qkmn lkmN8a'ssf] h=w=sf] gfd s}lkmot

;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!@.@! ut] l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf d]nDrL g=kf= j8f g+= !# a:g] u+uf bg'jf/n] d]/f ;;'/f wd{nfn bg'jf/sf] gfdsf] ;fljs nutaf6 le8\g] tklzndf pNn]lvt lsQf hUuf lkmN8a'sdf n]lvPsf h=w= wd{nfn bg'jf/sf] ldlt @)^&.!).* df d[To' ePsf], ;f;' lx/fdfof bg'jf/sf] ldlt @)&%.@.% df / d]/f >Ldfg /fdaxfb'/ bg'jf/sf] ldlt @)&(.!).# df d[To' ePsf]n] lghx?sf] d[To'kl5 xsvfg] xsbf/x?df d]/f gfddf Psnf}6L btf{÷gf=;f= u/L kfpF elg lbg' ePsf] lgj]bg adf]lhd btf{÷gf=;f= ubf{ c? s;}sf] xsef]u eP jf xs hfg ;Sg] jf ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf eP, dfu adf]lhd btf{ ug{ gldNg] ePdf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg'sf] nflu #% -k}lt;_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] bfjL ePdf cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;a'b k|df0fx? ;+nUg /fvL cfkm} jf jf/]z dfkm{t bfjL jf ph'/ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf Dofb leq ph'/ jf bfjL gk/L Dofb u'hf/L a;]df sfg"g adf]lhd btf{÷gf=;f= eO{ hfg]5 . Dofb gf3L cfPsf] bfjL ph'/L dfly s'g} sf/jfxL gx'g] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . tkl;n uflj; j8f g+= ls=g+= If]qkmn lkmN8a'ssf] h=w=sf] gfd s}lkmot

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b}jn] t]/f] ;'v b]Vg} ;s]g Sofg{' 5f]/L Û rf/ jif{ ljb]z a;]/ cfP kl5 pgn] d]/f >LdfgnfO{ x8Kg yflng\. d;Fu lbbLsf] gftf nufpFb} nfdf] ;do b]lv lrghfgsf] ;DjGw ;f}tfdf kl/0ft x'g] cj:yf cfof] . ;DaGw /xg lbpF cfkm' cGofodf kg{]. glbpF >Ldfg\nfO{ h]n s;/L k7fpF. pgn] ;+3if{ e'n]. k|]d e'n]. d}n] u/]sf] Tofu / tk:of e'n] . u/f}+ s] gu/f} s] < of] dfof eGg] lrh o:t} /x]5 . ufpFd} hlGdPF ufpFd} x'ls{PF t/ ufpF3/ 8fF8fkfvf 5fFuf 5x/f;Fu /fd|/L kl/lrt x'g} kfO{g . jiff{}+ kl5 3'd3fds} lznlznfdf u'/fF;]lt/ k|:yfg u/]sf] lyPF . u'/fF;] lrËf8 If]qd} rlr{t em/gf xf] . pQ/u+uf gbL o;sf] d'xfg xf] eGg] ;'g]sf] lyPF To;}n] klxnf pQ/u+uf eP/} u'/fF;] lt/ hfg] of]hgf agfPF .

8fF8fkfvf jgh+un l5rf]Nb} d pQ/u+uf k'u]+ . n]s;fO8 lt/ Tof] klg lxpFbsf] ;do Psbd} lr;f] / ;'g;fg lyof] . r/fr' ? ËLsf] lr/lj/ lr/lj/ / pQ/u+ufsf] ;';fj6 afx]s c? s'g} cfjfh ;'lgb}GYof] . pQ/lt/ aUg] gbL ePsf]n] pQ/u+uf eGbf /x]5g\ . stflt/ alu/sf] lyof] PlS5g t dnfO 7Dofpg} ufx|f] eof] . kl5 kQf nufP ;'?df tnaf6 dfly lt/ uP/ km]l/ 3'd]/ kNnf]kl6af6 tlNt/ em/]/ u'/fF;]df ldNbf] /x]5 . pQ/u+ u fnfO{ l5rf] N b} u'/fF;]lt/ hfFb} ubf{ kNnf]kl§sf] le/df lj/xsf] uLt u'lGh/x]sf] s'g} dlxnfsf] cfjfh ;'lgof] . u'/fF;] x]g{ egL cf]/fnf] nfu]sf] dnfO{ ltg} dlxnfsf] lj/x efsfn] la;{fOlbof] . dgdf pgnfO{ e]6]/ pgsf] sxfgL ;'Gg] x'6x'l6 rNg yfNof] . gh/df kfl/ kfvf kl§ 3fF; sfl6/x]sL dlxnf cfOg\ . d klg Tot}lt/ nfu]+ . x]bf{ pgL Psbd} ul/a h:tL nflUyg\ . em'q]emfd|] t/ ;]tf sk8f nufPsL lyOg\ . pgL Psn dlxnf /x]l5g\ . d}+n] plg;Fu s'/f] ug{] k|;+u g} kfOgF . d pgnfO{ ;'Gb} lyPF . pgn] d]/f] k|Zgsf] hjfkm lbP/ dnfO{ s]xL k|Zg ul/g\ . gfgL sxfFaf6 cfpg' efsf] lg < 3/ stf k¥of] / < sxfF;Dd hfgnfO} kfNg' ePsf] < c? ;fyL ;+uLx¿ klg sf]xL /x]g5g\, PSn} oqf] h+unsf] af6f] < Psl5g 3fF; sf6\g 5f]8]/ pgn] Ps 6sn] d lt/ x]/]/ k|Zg dfyL k|Zg a;{fpg yflng\ . d}+n] eg]

…lbbL, d]/f] 3/ t klxnf oxL ufpFd} lyof] . arkg ot} u'h|]Yof] . plta]nf agh+un 8fF8fkfvf 5fFuf 5x/f 3'Dg Tolt km';{b ePg . clxn] ;x/ lt/} a:g yfn];L ufpF–7fpF 3'Dg ;f/} /x/ nfpF5 . To;}n] To:t} 3'd3fd ub{} cfPF . ;fg} 5Fbf af laTg'eof] . Tolta]nf ;fob ^÷& jif{sL x'FbL x'F . cem efO{ t ev{/ hlGdPsf] lyof] . af geP;L xfdL t cfwf 6'x'/f eO;s]sf lyof}+ . 3/df ;d:o}–;d:of lyof] . plxn]sf] hdfgf Pp6L ljwjf cfO{dfO{nfO{ 3/ u/L vfg Tolt ;xh sxfF lyof] / < / klg cfdfn] Ho"F–To"F u/]/ xfdLnfO{ x'sf{pg] / a9fpg] ul/g\ . 3/df ;a} efOalxgL ;fg} lyof}+ . ul/vfg] e};s]sf eP klg t cfdfsf] cln Zjf; cfpFbf] xf] . sfsf sfsL eP klg geP h:t} uy{] . To:t} b'Mv kL8f vk]/ lg cfdfn] xfdLnfO{ 6'x'/f aGg lbOgg\ . lbg To;}u/L u'lh|b} uP . d]/f] pd]/ lg l5lKkb} uof] . Ol08of lt/ sdfpg hfg]x¿nfO{ plta]nf nfx'/] eGy] . 3/df sf]xL nfx'/ uP/ k};f sdfO{ /x]sf] 5 eg] Tolta]nf p;sf] 3/ cln x'g] vfg] bhf{d} ulgGYof] .

Pslbg legfh';Fu pgL xfd|f] 3/df cfP . ev{/ nfx'/af6 cfPsf /x]5g\ . 6f9f 6f9faf6 legfh'sf] gftfuf]tf kg{]jfnf /x]5g\ . pxfFn] g} cfdf;Fu eGg' ePsf] lyof] . dfOnLnfO{ ljjfx ul/ lbP s:tf] xf]nf < s]6f] OdfGbf/ 5 . cln–cln k9]n]v]sf] lg 5 . nfx'/ uP/ k};f sdfpg];Dd eO;Sof] . cl:t ev{/ dfq cfPsf] nfx'/af6 . cfdfn] klg gfFOgf:tL ul/gg\ . x's{] a9]sL 5f]/L . ;w}+ dfOtd} a:g] xf]Og .

Pslbg t csf{sf] 3/ hfg}k5{ . /fd|} s'6'Da ePkl5 gfOF s;/L eGg' / < cfdfn] :jLs[tL lbPkl5 d}n] klg gfOF eGg] s'/f] ePg . To;}lbg xfd|f] ljjfx eof] . ljjfx eO;s] kl5 cln jif{

/fd|f];Fu lat] . ljjfx ePsf] @÷# jif{ pgL nfx'/ uPgg\ . To;sf] s]xL jif{ kl5 dfcf]jfbL o'4sf] qf;n] ufpFdf o'jfx¿ a:g} 5f]8]sf lyP . To;}n] pgL klg dfcf]jfbLsf] xKsL bKsLaf6 alrg] / cln–cln sdfO{ lg xf]nf . plg aDa} lt/ uP . b]zdf cln–cln zfGtL 5fpg yfn]kl5 pgL klg 3/ kmls{g] tof/Ldf lyP . To;sf] b'O{ tLg lbg klxnf lr¶L k7fPsf lyP . ufpFdf klg zflGt x'g yfln;s]5 . b'O{÷tLg jif{ sfd u/]/ cln–cln k};f] kfgL klg hDdf ePsf] 5 . ca d l5§} 3/ cfpF5' . ca t nfx'/ lt/ gcfpg] a? oxL k};fn] ufpFd} s]xL u/]/ a:g'knf{ . To;lbg pgL 3/ kmls{b} /x]5g\ . aDa}af6 cfpg]x¿ k|foM /]nuf8Ldf cfpFbf /x]5g . pgL klg /]nd} cfpFb} /x]5g . sfgk'/df /]nuf8L klN6P5 . /]ndf ;jf/ sf]xL ofq'x¿ klg aRg kfPg5g\ . pgL klg To;} b'3{6gfdf k/]/ lat] . d]/f] hLjgdf eg] To;} lbgaf6 u|x0f nflu;s]sf] lyof] . OlGhg g} hn]/ ;a} ;vfk eP kl5 bfxf;+:sf/ ug{] cl:t;Dd klg cfPg . h]7f] 5f]/f tLg jif{sf] lyof] . sfG5f] ue{d} lyof] . ;ft dlxgf eO;s]sf] lyof] . pgsf] k}+tfnL; lbg] sd{ ePsf] !)÷!% lbgd} Joyf nfUof] . Psflt/ >Ldfgsf] ljof]usf] kL8f csf{]lt/ k|;j kL8f . d hLjg d[To'sf] bf];fFwd} lyPF . dnfO{ nfUof] ca d afFlRbg . afFr]/ dfq} s] ug{' lyof] / < hLjge/ kL8} kL8f t xf] . t/ 7"nf] 5f]/fnfO{ ;lDemGy]+ . sydsbflrt s]xL eOxfNof] eg] of] 6'x'/f]sf] s] xfn xf]nf < efUojz egf}+ of cefUoaz Tolta]nf d dl/gF, afFrL xfn]+ . cr]n nfU5 a?

Tolta]n} dl/lbPsf] eP t olQsf b'Mv kL8f vKg'kg{] lyPg < sltn] ;xfg'e"ltsf] efjdf eGy]+ . s7} ljr/f of] j}zfvLsf] < of] pd]/d} ljwjf ePF .

PSnf–PSn} s;/L sf6\nL lbg . cfwfeGbf lg Hofbf hLGbuL t afFsL g} 5 . sf]xL eg] o:tf] eGy] @$÷@% jif{d} ljw'jf eO{ . oltsf] lhGbuL s;/L PSn} sf6\g' < of] 3/df s] x]/]/ a:nL j}zfvL . /fd|f] 3/fgf e]6fO{ eg] st} lxF8\g] t xf]ln < t/ pgLx¿sf] sNkgf sNkgfd} ;Lldt eof] . d}+n] bf];|f] ljjfx ul/gF . pgsf] d[To'sf] s]xL jif{ t 3/df Tolt g/fd|f] Jojxf/ s;}n] u/]gg\ . t/ @÷# ;fn kl5 eg] ;f;' cfdf lbg lbg} s] s] lgpF vf]Hb} emu8f ul//xg yflng\ . klxnf klxnf d dfO{tdf uP/ cfdfsf] sfvdf uP/ v'a ?Gy] lanf}gf uy{] . cfdf elGyg\ Sof5{];\ t gfgL . b}jn] t]/f] ;'v b]Vg ;s]g . d]/f] sd{ km'l6xfNof] . cfˆgf ;Gtfg s;}nfO{ of] efu gk/f];\ eg]/ b]jLb]jtf eflu/xGy] t/ d]/f] efsn b]ptfn] ;'g]gg\ . oL cfFvfn] tFnfO of] ;]tf] klx/gdf b]Vbf dnfO{ slt lk/f]ln/x]sf] xf]nf . gfgL lxDdt xfg{' x'Gg . ltg} 5f]/fsf] d'v x]/]/ lrQ a'emfP;\ . s'g} lbg lbgb;f 3'ldxfn]5g\ eg] oL 5f]/fn] t]/f] b]vef/ ul/xfNnfg\ . kl5 t ufpF 3/df lg ;a} x]lk/xGy]+ . s;}sf afn aRrf kz' s]xL la/fdL k/]/ dbf{ lg dnfO{ bf]if nufP/ ufnL a]OHhlt ug{ yfn] . tF af]S;Ln] cfˆgf] kf]O t vfO;\ vfO;\ xfdLnfO{ ;d]t g5f]8\g] eO;\ . 3/df emu8f ubf{ ;f;' elGyg\ …tF cnlIf0fL of] 3/df cfP/ xfd|f] ;'v zflGt ;a} vf]l;;\ . tF 8+lsgL af]S;LgLn] d]/f] 5f]/fnfO{ vfO;\ . ca Pslbg cfˆgf 5f]/f xfdL ;a}nfO{ vfg] t xf]ln;\ . lg:sL hf of] 3/af6 . Pp6L gf/Lsf] nflu kltsf] d[To' kl5 t ;a} /fIf; eGbf lg s7f]/ Jojxf/ ubf{ /x]5g . ;f;';Fu emu8f k/]sf] Tof] /fte/L dnfO lg›f k/]g . 3/L–3/L ofb cfO/xg yfNof], …tF cnlIf0fL af]lS;gLn] d]/f] 5f]/fnfO{ vfO;\ . Pslbg xfdLnfO{ lg To;}u/L

vfg]5;\ . hf t'?Gt lg:sL hf of] 3/af6 . slta]nf nfUYof], o:tf] cTofrf/ vlk/xg' eGbf t bf];|f] ljjfx u/]/ cfgGbn] afFsL /x]sf] lhGbuL sf6'F . slxNo} nfUYof], cfTdxTof g} u/]/ k|f0f TofuL lbpF . t/ 6'x'/f 5f]/fx¿sf lgbf{]if cg'xf/ x]y{]+ . x}g x}g d olt 7"nf] kfk s;/L ug{ ;S5' < a? cfˆgf aRrf aRrL lnP/ 9'+ufh:tf s7f]/ logLx¿ eGbf st} 6f9f uP/ 5f]/fx¿nfO{ x'sf{pF5' a9fpF5' . /fte/L o:t} o:t} ts{gfx¿ dgdf cfO/x] . ljxfg lem;ld;]d} cfˆgf] s'Dnf s'6'/f agfP/ 5f]/fx¿nfO{ lnP/ dfOt uPF . cl3Nnf] /ft ePsf] 36gf ;Kk} a]ln lj:tf/ nufP/ cfdfnfO{ ;'gfPF . cfdf ca d Tof] 3/df a:g ;lSbgF . cfdf t d]/f] sfvd} 3f]K6f] k/]/ ?g kf] yflng . kl5 efO{ cfP/ eGof] lbbL ca g/f]p . Tof] 3/df ghfg] g} eP lg l7s} 5 lg . b'Mv h]nf] u/]/ h;/L eP lg ltdLnfO{ clg oL efGhfx¿nfO{ nfng kfng ug{ g;s'nf / d}n] . eof] ca w]/} lrGtf gu/ . efOsf] jrgn] dnfO 9f8; t lbof] t/ 5f]/L dfG5] eP/ lhGbuL e/ dfOtd} s;/L a:g' . km]l/ PSn} xf] / < oL nfnfafnfsf] ;fy . 7Ls 5 . clxn] t efO{ PSnf] 5 / To:tf] s]xL v6k6 gxf]nf . kl5 ljjfx u/];L csf{sL 5f]/L cfpnL . s] ;w}+ d oxfF zflGtn] a:g kfpFnf < cxF x'g} ;Sb}g . To;} lbgb]lv d PSn} ot} n]slt/} a:g yfn]+ . aRrfx? x's{Fb} 5g\ . x]/f} ef]lnsf] lbg h;/L rN5 rnfpFnf . t/ dlxnfx?n] ef]Ug' k/]sf o:tf syf Aoyf slt xf]nfg\ < slxn] -of] syf cfh ljxLjf/ a]n'sf * ah]sf] :yfgLo ;dfrf/kl5 b]j/fh a8fnsf] ;fydf k|fO{d PkmPd !)$=% d]ufxh{df ;'Gg ;Sg'x'g]5 ._

w'lnv]n c:ktfndf hGd“b} ;'gfO{ sd x'g] afnaflnsfx?sf] pkrf/ w'lnv]n÷w'lnv]n c:ktfndf hGdF b } alx/f x' g ] afnaflnsfx?sf] klxrfg;uF} pkrf/ z'? ul/Psf] 5 . klxrfg;uF} pkrf/sf nflu c:ktfnsf cfp6l/r ;]G6/df sfo{/t :jf:YosdL{x?nfO{ b'O{ lbg] tflnd pknAw u/fO{Psf] 5 . w'lnv]n c:ktfnn] & jif{ cl3 hGdbF} ;'gfO{ sd x'g] aRrfx?sf] klxrfg u/] klg pkrf/ z'? x'g ;s]sf] lyPg . sfo{qmddf w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf k|d'v czf]s Aof~h', w'lnv]n c:ktfnsf sfo{sf/L k|d'v 8f=/fds07 dfsh' >]i7, ljefluo k|d'v 8f=ljsf;nfn >]i7 nufotn] w'lnv]n

c:ktfnsf] ;]jfnfO{ k|efjsf/L tyf u'0f:t/Lo agfpg ;d'bfosf] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ cfjZos /x]sf] atfPsf lyP . w'lnv]n c:ktfnsf ljefluo k|d'v 8f=ljsf;nfn >]i7n] aRrfx?sf] ;'g'jfO{ /fd|f] ug{ @)!& b]lv w'lnv]n c:ktfnn] afnaflnsfx?sf] klxrfg z'? u/]sf] atfP . sf]l/ofdf ePsf] pkrf/ ljwLsf af/]df 8f=cf]n] l;sfP kl5 w'lnv]n c:ktfndf pgs} ;xof]udf afnlnsfx?df alx/f]kg klxrfg z'? ul/Psf] lyof] . …& jif{sf] cjwLdf !* xhf/ afnaflnsfx?sf] kl/If0f ul/Psf] 5Ú–8f=ljsf;nfn >]i7n] eg]–…Ps ;o hgf aRrfsf] kl/If0f ubf{ @÷# hgf

aRrfx?df ;'gfO{ sd x'g] b]lvPsf] 5 .Ú aRrfsf] ;'gfO{ sd eof] pkrf/ ePg < s] ug{ ] < sf] l /ogx?sf] ;xof] u df aRrfx?nfO{ ;fdfu|L pknAw u/fPsf] 8f= ljsf;nfn >]i7n] atfP . w'lnv]n c:ktfnn] To:tf aRrfx?nfO{ ;xh pkrf/ / k|ljwLsf] pknAw u/fpg] pb]Zon] hd{g / O6nLsf] ;xof]udf w'lnv]n c:ktfn leq / aflx/sf s]Gb|x?df cfpg] afnaflnsfx?sf] klxrfg;Fu} pkrf/ z'? ug{] u/L sfo{ k|f/De u/]sf] xf] . Tolt ubf{ klg aRrfx?n] ;'Gg ;s]gg eg] ck|];g ug{] u/L tof/L u/]sf] 8f= ljsf;nfn >]i7n] eg] . klxnf] r/0f ;fdfu|L pknAw

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ljifodf ;d]t ;r]t u/fpg] u/L sfo{qmdx? z'? ul/Psf] 5 . aRrf hGdg] cjwL eGbf cl3 g} hlGdPsf] cj:yfdf, a+zf0f'ut cj:yfdf tyf cfdfsf] k]6df aRrf /xFbf cfdfn] vfg gx'g] vfg]s'/fx? ;]jg u/]df ;'gfO{df ;d:of x'g ;Sg] 8f= >]i7n] atfP .

o'jf ;+3 ag]kfdf ;ljg

ag]kf÷o'jf ;+3 g]kfn ag]kf gu/ sld6Lsf] kfr F f} gu/ clwa]zg k"j{ ;~rf/ dGqL tyf k|ltlglw ;ef If]q gDa/ @ sf ;f+;b uf]s'n af:sf]6fsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . clwa]zgsf] aGb ;qn] ;ljg l3ld/]sf] cWoIftfdf gofF sld6L u7g u/]sf] 5 . k|d'v cltyL af:sf]6fn] o'jfx?n] g]kfndf g} a;]/ /f]huf/ ug{ ;Sg] aftfa/0f agfpg' kg{] atfP . xfd|f] b]zsf] lzIff gLlt abNg' kg{] xf] jf o'jfsf] dgl:ytL abNg' kg{] xf] afF:sf]6fn] k|Zg u/]sf lyP . k'/fgf /fhgLlts bnx? k|lt clxn] s]lx gofF kf6L{df uPsf o'jfx?n] e|d km}nfPsf]df pQm e|dnfO{ lrb{} o'jf cuf8L a9\g' kg{] af:sf]6fn] jtfP . ljb]z g} uP klg l;k l;s/] dfq hfg / aflx/ l;k l;s] kl5 g]kfn kmls{g o'jfx?nfO{ afF;sf]6fn] cfu|x u/] . sfo{qmddf g]skf Pdfn] afudtL k|b]z sld6Lsf ;b:ox?, lhNnf sld6L sfe|]sf cWoIf czf]s Aof~h', ;lrj /fhg e't{]n, k"j{ ;lrj l/tf 9sfn, o'jf ;+3 g]kfnsf s]lGb|o pkfWoIf cldt nfdf, sfe|] O{Grfh{ xf]dk|;fb rf}nfufO{, lhNnf cWoIf O{Zj/ aNwa ;fksf]6f, clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;3+ lhNnf cWoIf tyf ag]kf gu/kflnsf pk k|d'v ljdnf ;fksf]6f, g]skf Pdfn] ag]kf gu/ sld6L cWoIf /Tgs'z /l~htsf/ nufotn] dGtAo /fv]sf lyP . o'jf ;3+ gu/ sld6Ln] ag]kf gu/df df]6/;fO{sn ¥ofnL cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmd ;lra ;ljg l3ld/]n] ;~rfng u/]sf lyP eg] ;efkltTj cfof]hs sldl6sf cWoIf ldng yfkfn] u/]sf lyP .

cg]d;+3 kgf}tLdf lznf kgf}tL÷clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3 kgf}tL gu/ sld6Lsf] kfFrf} clwa]zg ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . :yfoL sld6L ;b:o l/tf 9sfnsf] cWoIftfdf z'? ePsf] aGb ;qn] lznf sf]O{/fnfsf] cWoIftfdf #% ;b:oLo gu/ sld6L ;j{;DjtLn] rog u/]sf] 5 . sld6Lsf] pkfWoIfdf >4f yfkf, ;lrj rG8]Zj/L d'gfsdL{ tfd|fsf/, ;x ;lrj lutf ;fksf]6f, sf]iffWoIf ;'ldqf cfrfo{ /x]sf 5g\ . To:t} ;b:ox?df Pln;f tfdfª, b]jsL b'nfn ;fksf]6f, b'uf{ b]jL tfdfª, gljgf ;fksf]6f, ;ljgf g]kfnL, u+uf >]i7, ldgf yfkf, ;s'Gtnf >]i7, ;/:jtL af]u6L, ;'lgtf d+u|fGtL, l/tf v'nfn, /fHonIdL k|hfklt, OlGb/f gflkt, ;Demgf >]i7, /]0f'sf yfkf, l;h{gf bjf8L, ;fg'd}of 7s'/L, l;h{gf ltdlN;gf, ejfgL ljs, ;+lutf tfdfª, l/tf tfdfª, ;'ldqf yfkf, z'lznf x'dfufO{ nufot 5g\ . clwa]zgdf g]skf Pdfn]sf s]lGb|o sld6L ;b:o tyf k'j{ /fHo dGqL /]zd nfdfsf] k|d'v cfltYotf /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf g]skf Pdfn]sf lhNnf sld6L ;lrj /fhg e't{]n, pk ;lrj /fhs'df/ ;fksf]6f, cg]d;+3 lhNnf sld6L cWoIf ljdnf ;fksf]6f, Pdfn] lhNnf sld6L ;lrjfno ;b:o zfGtf Gof}kfg], kgf}tL gu/ sld6L cWoIf ;'/]z x'dfufO{, cg]d;+3 kgf}tL gu/ sld6L lgjt{dfg cWoIf zf]ef /fhe08f/L, d'gf sdf{rfo{ nufotsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

x/]s ljxLjf/

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@# ut] kfk df]rgL PsfbzL, @^ ut] 3f]8]hfqf .

cfh / ef]ln k/fqmd j[l4sf ;fy} wg k|flKt x'g]5, @$–@^ ut];Dd lgb|fdf c;'ljwf xf]nf, afFsL lbg nfdf] ofqfsf] of]u, sd{ j[l4 x'g]5 . dGq M ç e+ e+ e}/jfo gd M . ;ftfsf] dWo @$–@^ ut];Dd gs/fTds ;do /xFbf rf]6k6ssf] eo /x]sf] 5, afFsL lbgdf wg cfudgsf] gofF af6f] j[l4, pkxf/ k|flKt x'g]5 . dGq M ç qmL+ qmL+ qmL+ ç M . ;ftfsf] dWo @$–@^ ut];Dd zq'x? j[l4 xf]nfg\, afFsL lbgdf Jofkf/ Joj;foaf6 nfe, u'?ju{af6 c;Ld s[i0f k|flKt, afxg ;'v ldNg]5 . dGqM ç Sn]zlgzfo SnL+ ç M.

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z'e /x]sf] x'Fbf ;fx; / ldy'g w}o{tf j[l4,k"/cw'} ;ftf /f sfo{ ;xh} ;kmn, dfg

;Ddfg k|flKt, af]nLsf] k|efj a9\gfn] sfo{df ;kmn x'g]5 . dGq M P]+ x|L+ SnL+ rfd'08fo} ljRo} M .

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cRo"tfgGb Hof]= cfo"j{]lbs cf}ifwfno,ag]kf, kgf}tL/f]8,uf]bfdrf]s, kmf]g g+= )!!^^#$(^

@@ / @# ut] g/fdf|] ;kgfsf] ss{6 ;fy} cfkmGt;u F j/}efj jl[4 xfn]f, afs F L lbgdf ljk/Lt lnËaf6 ;v ' kf|lKt, /fu]af6 dl'Qm, ldq ;xofu] kf|lKt xg'5] . dGq M ç lx/0o?kfo gd M .

@@ / @# ut] dfgl;s kL8f

j[lZrs ;xg'knf{, afFsL lbgdf lktfsf] ;xof]un] sd{ k|flKt, efUof]bosf] ;do ;fy} OlR5t sfo{df k"0f{tf k|flKt x'g]5 . dGq M ç gdZrl08sfo gdM .

cfh / ef]ln ljk/Lt ;do

dLg x'Fbf k]6df ljsf/ cfpg ;Snf, afFsL lbgdf kfl/jf/Ls ;'v k|flKt, d]lzgaf6 gfkmf, cfo klg j[l4 x'g]5 . dGq M ç qmL+ eujt] gd M .

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df]6/;fOsn x/fPsf] ;"rgf d]/f] lgDg Joxf]/f ePsf] df]6/;fOsn ldlt @)*).!@.& ut] /flt cGbfhL !!M$% ah]b]lv ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f g+= @ l3ld/] ufpF l:yt ;Gtf]if l3ld/]sf] gfddf ePsf] kN;/ df]6/;fOsn x/fO/x]sf] x'Fbf km]nf kfg{'x'g] dxfg'efjx?n] glhs}sf] k|x/L rf}sL cyjf lgDg 7]ufgfdf ;Dks{ ug{'x'g cg'/f]w ul/G5 .

df]6/;fOsnsf] k|sf/ M kN;/ !%) df]=;f=g+= M afUdtL k|b]z )@ )#& k %&** Rofl;; g+= M MD2A11CX5NPK12899 OlGhg g+= M DHXRNK75180

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o; ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=sf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] sd{rf/L cfjZostf k/]sf] x'Fbf OR5's of]Uo JolQmx?n] cfkm\gf] sfuhkq ;lxt ;+:yfsf] sfof{nodf ;Dks{ ug{x'g cg'/f]w ul/G5 .

;Dks{ g+= M (*^#)@@%&!

ag]kf gu/kflnsf gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no

gS;f kf; ;DaGwL ;ft lbg] ;"rgf ag]kf j8f g+= % a:g] uLtf cfrfo{ b+ufnsf] gfddf /x]s]f ;fljs gfnf j8f g+= * 3 xfn ag]kf % j8f cGtu{t ls=g+= *@( If]qkmn )–#–)–) ePsf] hUufdf gofF 3/ lgdf{0f ug{ gS;f kf; ePsf] lgdf{0f l:js[lt lng o; gu/kflnsfdf gS;f lgj]bg lbPsf]n] :yfgLo txsf] ;]jf ;+rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL cfb]z @)&$ adf]lhd !% lbg] ;'rgf k|sflzt eO{ d'r'Nsf x'Fbf pQm pNn]lvt hUufsf] k"j{ tkm{sf ;Flwof/ tkfO{ k|tfk j}B cg'kl:yt /x]sf]n] of] ;ft lbg] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . pNn]lvt adf]lhdsf] hUufdf gofF 3/ lgdf{0f ubf{ tkfO{nfO{ s'g} afwf cj/f]w kg{] eP ;f] ;'rgf 6fF; ePsf] ldltn] & lbgleq o; gu/kflnsfdf ;k|df0f lnlvt hfgsf/L u/fpg' x'g ;'lrt ul/G5 . cGoyf lgodfg';f/ gS;f kf; eO{ hfg] Joxf]/f ;d]t cjut u/fO{G5 . g]kfn ;/sf/

s[lif tyf kz'kG5L ljsf; dGqfno

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;Dks{ sfof{no M ag]kf, sfe|]knf~rf]s

skmLsf] ahf/Ls/0f k|j4{g ;xof]u sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'gsf nflu k|:tfj cfJxfg ;DaGwL ;"rgf o; sfof{noaf6 ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf adf]lhd skmLsf] ahf/Ls/0f k|j4{g ;xof]u sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf nflu of]Uotf k'u]sf OR5's s[ifs, pBdL, ;d'x÷;xsf/L÷;+:yf÷kmd{n] cfjZos sfuhkq ;lxt sfof{nodf ;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf . lgj]bg ;fy ;+nUg sfuhftx? != sfo{qmd ;+rfng ;DaGwL lglb{i6 9fFrf adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj . @= ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] v08df sfo{qmddf cfa4 x'g] ;DaGwL lg0f{o . #= pBdL÷kmd{÷;+:yfsf] JolQmut ljj/0f v'Ng] sfuhft -gful/stfsf] k|ltlnlk_ . $= sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf nflu cfjZos hUuf ;DaGwL sfuhftsf] k|ltlnlk -hUufwgL k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk jf ef8fdf hUuf lnPsf] ePdf hUufwgL;+u sDtLdf % jif{sf nflu ul/Psf] ;Demf}tfkqsf] k|ltlnlk_ . %= pBd jf Joj;fo btf{ ePsf] ;DalGwt sfof{nodf btf{ ePsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk, ut cf=j=;Dd s/ r'Qmf u/]sf] ljj/0fsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk, sf/f]jf/ ;DaGwL cGo sfuhftx? . ^= cfGtl/s /fhZj sfof{noaf6 k|fKt Kofg g+= ePsf] kl/rokqsf] k|ltlnlk .

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kb M ahf/ k|ltlglw tna M ;+:yfsf] lgodfg';f/ of]Uotf M SEE, +2 jf ;f] ;/x gf]6 M cg'ejLnfO{ ljz]if u|fXotf lbOg]5 .

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;Dks{

zlQm art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]kf–!), kmf]g g+= )!!–^^@*##

ag]kf gu/kflnsf gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no

;:tf] / e/kbf{] pkrf/sf] nflu xfd|f ;]jfx? M 48fS6/ pknAw ljxfg & ah]b]lv a]n'sf & ah];Dd .

48fS6/ e'if0f >]i7 ljxfg !! ah]b]lv lbpF;f] @ ah];Dd .

4:qL /f]u ljz]if1 lbpF;f] !@ ah]b]lv ! ah];Dd .

4xf8 hf]gL{ ljz]if1 lbpF;f] !@ ah]b]lv $ ah];Dd .

4afn/f]u ljz]if1 x/]s lbg a]n'sf % ah] / zlgjf/ ljxfg !) ah]b]lv % ah];Dd .

4gfs sfg 3fF6L lbpF;f] ! ah]b]lv $ ah];Dd .

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4lel8of] PS; /] (Ultra Sound) ljxfg !!M#) ah]b]lv lbpF;f] $ ah] ;Dd .

4lgMz'Ns ;'u/ hfFr x/]s dlxgfsf] ! ut] . f

h{g x/]s lbg ;

gS;f kf; ;DaGwL ;ft lbg] ;"rgf u}/Llj;f}gf j8f g+= @ a:g] lx/fs'df/L 9sfnn] sf=k=lh= ag]kf g=kf= j8f g+= ^ ;fljs >Lv08k'/ j8f g+= $ ls=g+= !&!), !&!! If]qkmn )–%–)–) ePsf] hUufdf gofF 3/ lgdf{0f ug{ gS;f kf; ePsf] lgdf{0f l:js[lt lng o; gu/kflnsfdf ldlt @)*).!!.!% df gS;f lgj]bg lbPsf]n] :yfgLo txsf] ;]jf ;+rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL cfb]z @)&$ adf]lhd !% lbg] ;'rgf 6fF; eO{ d'r'Nsf x'Fbf pQm pNn]lvt hUufsf] k"j{ tkm{sf ;Flwof/ tkfO{ d]Gbf] tfdfª / sfO{nL nfdf cg'kl:yt /x]sf]n] of] ;ft lbg] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . pNn]lvt adf]lhdsf] hUufdf gofF 3/ lgdf{0f ubf{ tkfO{nfO{ s'g} afwf cj/f]w kg{] eP ;f] ;'rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] & lbgleq o; gu/kflnsfdf ;k|df0f lnlvt hfgsf/L u/fpg' x'g ;'lrt ul/G5 . cGoyf lgodfg';f/ gS;f kf; eO{ hfg] Joxf]/f ;d]t cjut u/fO{G5 .

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;Dks{ M )!!–^^$##@, (*$)@^!!%^, (*$!^@(&^%

/]lah /f]uaf6 aRg af}nfxf s's'/ b]lv ;hu /xf}+ .

SOS Hermann Gmeiner School Kavre

:jf:Yo sfof{no sfe|]

egf{ v'Nof] Û egf{ v'Nof] ÛÛ egf{ v'Nof] ÛÛÛ

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www.cheshtaweekly.com.np

afudtL k|b]z ;/sf/ :jf:Yo dGqfno :jf:Yo lgb]{zgfno

cfo'j]{b tyf j}slNks lrlsT;fno ag]kf, sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

pknAw ;]jfx? M– yfxf kfO/fVg'kg{] s'/fx?

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ag]kf, sfe|] kmf]gM )!!–^^@!#$, df]afOnM (*%!@)&!#$ Od]nM p3mosd.dahckavre@gmail.com

s[i0f k|;fb c:ktfn

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k|frfo{ P; cf] P; xd{g dfOg/ ljBfno, sfe|] kmf]g g+= )!!–^^$#%)÷^^@)&)

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