x'=b=g+=)#.)%(.)^), sf=k=lh=b=g+= )!.)%).)%!, sfe|]
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;+rf/sdL{nfO{ sf]le8 vf]k lhNnfdf *,$($ hgf k|fyldstfdf
c;n ;dfh lgdf{0fsf nflu ;To ;dfrf/sf] ;Dk|]if0f
CHESHTA WEEKLY jif{ @& c+s !^ @)&& kmfu'g ^ ut] ljxLjf/ (Thursday, 18 Feb. 2021) g]kfn ;+jt\ !!$!, d"No ?= %. -pkTosfsf] nflu ?= &_ k]h !) www.cheshtaweekly.com.np
w'lnv]n÷:jf:Yo sfof{no sfe|]n] bf]>f] r/0fsf] vf]k kmfu'g @ ut] cfO{taf/af6 z'? u/]sf] 5 . klxnf] r/0fdf # xhf/ $ ;o ($ hgfnfO{ vf]k nufO{Psf] lyof] . bf]>f] r/0fdf % xhf/ AolQmnfO{ vf]k nufpg] tof/L ul/Psf] :jf:Yo sfof{no sfe|]sf k|d'v al/i7 :jf:Yo k|zf;s 8f= g/]Gb|s'df/ emfn] atfpg' eof] . tof/L u/]sf
dWo] clwsf+zn] vf]k ;]jf lnO{/x]sf 5g\ . afFsL AolQmx?nfO{ t]>f] r/0fdf nufpg] 8f= emfn] atfpg' eof] . g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 / :jf:Yo sfof{no sfe|]sf] ;dGjodf lhNnfsf ;a} s[oflzn ;+rf/sdL{x?nfO{ vf]k nufO{Psf] xf] . …@)&& kmfu'g @ ut] b]lv kmfu'g & ut];Dd ljxfg ( ah] b]lv lbpF;f] # ah];Dd lhNnfsf] w'lnv]n afFsL @ k]hdf
afnd}qL gu/ 3f]if0ff ug{] gu/jf;L;“usf] k|lta4tf k"/f
w'lnv]n lhNnfs} klxnf] afnd}qL gu/ 3f]if0ff w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] #% cf} :yfkgf lbj;
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‘b]znfO{ aGws agfpg vf]h]kl5 ;+;b lj36g’–k|lbk 1jfnL
afnd} q L gu/sf ?kdf w'lnv]n klxnf] ePsf] 5 . lhNnfs} klxnf] afnd}qL gu/sf ?kdf w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfnfO{ a'waf/ 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] xf] . afnd}qL ;DaGwL #( j6f ;'rsx? k"/f u/]kl5 afnd}qL gu/ 3f]if0ff ePsf] xf] . k//fi6«dGqL k|bLk 1jfnLn] w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] #% cf}+ :yfkgf lbj;sf] cj;/df w'lnv]nnfO{ afnd}qL gu/ 3f]if0ff ug{' ePsf] xf] . w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfn] j8f gDj/ !) nfO{ klxnf] j8fsf ?kdf afnd}qL 3f]if0ff u/]sf] lyof] . tTsflng dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf dGqL yddfof yfkf du/n] lhNnfsf] bf]>f] afnd}qL
j8fsf ?kdf j8f gDj/ !) zf/bf atf;]nfO{ 3f]if0ff ug{' ePsf] lyof] . j8f gDa/ #, $, %, ^ / & nfO{ k|wfgdGqL s]kL zdf{ cf]nLn] ut jif{ kmfu'g % ut] afnd}qL j8f 3f]if0ff ug{' ePsf] lyof] . ;f]lx sfo{qmddf gu/kflnsf k|d'v czf]s Aof~h'n] ;g\ @)@) leq} w'lnv]nnfO{ afnd}qL gu/ 3f]if0ff ul/;Sg] k|lta4tf ug{' ePsf] lyof] . ;f]lx k|lta4tf cg';f/ @)@) leq} afnd}qL gu/ 3f]if0ffsf nflu ;'rsf+sx? tof/ ul/Psf] lyof] . gu/kflnsfsf] :yfkgf lbj;sf] cj;/ kf/L w'lnv]nnfO{ afnd}qL gu/ 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] xf] . afnd}qL gu/ 3f]if0ffsf nflu gu/kflnsfsf] klxnf] gu/ ;efaf6 ! s/f]8 /sd ljlgof]hg u/]sf] gu/ k|d'v czf]s Aof~h'n] hfgsf/L lbg' eof] .
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!= d]g/f]8 xfOj]af6 !) ld6/ leq . @= ljh'nL aQL / 9n lgsf; . #= @$ lkm6sf] lkr af6f] . $= xfn 6x/fn] dfq k|lt dlxgf %)))).–-krf; xhf/_ ef8f cfpg] . %= ejg agfP kZrft sdl;{onsf] ?kdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] . ^= hUuf @% xft /x]sf] . gf]6 M ljqmLsf] d'No k|lt xft !&,%),))).–-;q nfv krf; xhf/ dfq_
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lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf] nflu l;wf ;Dks{ M (*$)&$&$!$, (*%%)@)@#$
…;dfhsf] ljsf;sf] nflu To; If]qsf afnaflnsfx?sf] rf}tkmL{ ljsf; x'g h?/L 5, ha afnaflnsfx?sf] ljsf;df xfdL nufgL u5f{F} To;sf] u'0ffTds k|ltkmn k|fKt ub{5f}FÚ–gu/ k|d'v Aof~h'n] eGg'eof]–…xfdLnfO{ ljZjf; 5 hlxn];Dd afnaflnsfx?nfO{ cg'zfl;t / ;Ifd agfpg ;Sb}gf}+ To;a]nf;Dd xfdL xfd|f] gu/sf] ljsf;sf] kl/sNkgf ug{ ;Sb}gf+} . oxL s'/fnfO{ dWogh/ u/L afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gnfO{ canDjg u/L ;f]xL adf] l hdsf ljleGg s[ o fsnfkx? ;~rfng u/L afnd}qL gu/ 3f]if0ff ug{ ;s]sf xf}+ .Ú g]kfn ;/sf/n] afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g /fli6«o /0fgLlt, @)^* tyf sfof{Gjog sfo{ljlw, @)^* hf/L u/L afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g afFsL @ k]hdf
ePsf] xf] .Ú lgjf{lrt k|wfgdGqLnfO{ clj:jf; kq, /fi6«kltnfO{ dxfcleof]u nufpg tof/L eP kl5 pQm sbd rfNg' k/]sf] k//fi6«dGqL 1jfnLn] jtfpg' eof] . hgtfsf] ljrdf hfG5' eGg' k|ltudg xf] < ^$ k|ltzt NofO{ lgjf{rt k|wfgdGqL / /fi6«kltnfO{ x6fO{ b]zdf cl:y/tf Nofpg vf]Hg] rflx cu|udg xf] < 1jfnLn] k|Zg ug{' eof] . lnlDkofw'/f, sfnfkfgL / lnk'n]s ;d]6]/ gS;f Nofpg', afxo /fi6«;Fu ;DaGw /fd|f] agfpg', zlQmzfnL /fi6«sf k|d'v Nofpg' k|ltudg xf] ls cu|udg xf] < s]lx g]tfnfO{ s';L{sf nfuL b]znfO{ ajf{b kfg{ glbgsf nfuL pQm sbd
rflnPsf] atfpg' eof] . tLg jif{ cl3 xfdLn] hgtfsf ;fd' b'O{j6f s'/f sa'n u/]sf lyof} lt s] eg] :yL/tf / ;d[l4 eGg] gf/f lnO{ hgfsf lardf uPsf lyof} hgtfsf] ckf/ ljZjf;n] xfdLnfO{ em08} @ ltxfO{sf] dt lbg'eof] d ljZjf; lbnfpg rfxG5' pQm hgtfsf] ljZjf;nfO{ dg{ lbg] 5}gf} / km]/L xfdL s]lx g]tfsf] k|wfgdGqLsf] s';L{sf nfuL cl:y/tf NofPsf]n] hgtfsf] ljrdf cfof} eg]/ lgjfr{gdf xf]ldg nfu]sf] 1jfnLn] atfpg' eof] . dGqL 1jfnLn] b]z lgjf{rg s]lGb|t ePsfn] cfufdL a}zfv !& / @& ut] ;a} bnn] efu lnO{ hgtfaf6 af“sL ( k]hdf
– hgk|ltlglwsf rf/ jif{ –
‘k"jf{wf/ / /f]huf/’ k|fyldstfdf nf]saxfb'/ yfkf w'lnv]n w' l nv] n gu/kflnsfdf hgk|ltlglw lgjf{lrt ePsf] rf/ jif{ k'Ug} nfUbf ePsf ljsf;sf ultljlwx?n] ;du| gu/af;Lx?sf] ;d[4tf emNs]sf] 5 . …gu/jf;Lx?nfO{ cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts ?kdf ;DkGg agfpFb} gu/sf] P]ltxfl;snfO{ ;d]t sfod /fVg] u/L sfo{
Quality Assurance and Accrediation (QAA) Cycle k'/f ug{ ;kmn
t]hu+uf ax'd'vL SoFDk;
kgf}tL, sfe|]knf~rf]s pRr lzIffsf] If]qdf cu|0fL :yfg cf]u6\g ;kmn kgf}tL–*, l:yt t]hu+uf ax'd'vL SofDk;df z}lIfs ;q @)&&÷)&* sf] nflu :gfts tx k|yd jif{df ;+rflnt sfo{qmd
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w'lnv]n÷w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] #% cf+} :yfkgf lbj; tyf afnd}qL gu/ 3f]if0ff sfo{qmddf k//fi6« dGqL k|lbk 1jfnLn] s]lx g]tfn] b]znfO{ aGws agfpg vf]h] kl5 k|wfddGqL s]kL cf]nLn] ;+;b\ lj36g ug{' ePsf] atfpg' ePsf] 5 . …^$ k|ltzt dt NofO{ lgjf{lrt k|wfgdGqLnfO{ sfd ug{ glbP kl5 ;+;b\af6 csf{] ;/sf/ aGg] gb]lvP kl5 tfhf hgfb]zdf hfg k|wfgdGqLn] ;+;b\ lj36g ug{' ePsf] xf]Ú–dGqL 1jfnLn] eGg'eof]–…;+;b lj36g ug{] ljz]if clwsf/ k|wfgdGqLnfO{ eP/ lj36gsf] lg0f{o
egf{ v'Nof] 4 Years B.B.S. - English & Nepali Medium 4 Years B.Ed. - English, Nepali, Maths Population 3 Years B.A. - Sociology & Rural Development
kmf]g g+= )!!–$$))@*, $$!$&& Email: tmcpanauti@gmail.com
eO{/x]sf] 5Ú–gu/ k|d'v czf]s Aof~h'n] eGg'eof]–…lzIff, :jf:Yo, s[lif tyf kz'kfng, :j/f]huf/, k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f, vfg]kfgL nufotsf If]qnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fv]sf 5f}+ .Ú gu/kflnsfn] a'waf/ cfof]hgf u/]sf] #% cf} :yfkgf lbj; tyf klxnf] afnd}qL gu/ 3f]if0ff sfo{qmddf gu/ k|d'v Aof~h'n] d]o/ ul/jL lgjf/0f sf]if dfkm{t dlxnf kl/ifb\, cflbjf;L
hghflt kl/ifb\, o'jf kl/ifb\, ckfË ju{ kl/ifb\ / blnt ju{ kl/ifb\ u/L % j6f kl/ifb\x?sf] u7g u/L kl/ifb\ dfkm{t ljleGg ;Lkd"ns, /f]huf/d"ns tyf Ifdtf ljsf;;DaGwL sfo{s|dx? ;~rfng eO/x]sf] pQm tflnd sfo{s|daf6 l;s]sf] l;k pkof]u ub}{ * ;o ^% hgf JolStx?n] ljleGg n3' tyf ;fgf pBdx?sf] :yfkgf u/L j:t'x?sf] pTkfbg ul/Psf]], pQm ;fdfu|Lx?sf] ahf/Ls/0fsf nflu gu/kflnsfaf6 sf];]nL af“sL @ k]hdf
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;DkfbsLo== = = = = = = = = = = gLlt / ;+/rgfdf Wofg lbp d'n's lgdf{0f / ;+3Lotfsf] cEof;;Fu} tLg txsf ;/sf/x?n] lgdf{0f ug{] P]g tyf sfg'gx? x/]s gful/sx?n] cfkm', cfˆgf] kl/jf/ / ;dfh tyf ;d'bfosf nflu cleefjsTj u|x0f ug{] vfnsf] x'g'k5{ . lgdf{0f ul/Psf sfg'gx?df ePsf q'6L, q'6L kl5 AoQm u/]sf cleAolQmx?n] klg ;d'bfosf AolQmx?nfO{ yk kLl8t agfPsf] 5. ljz]ifu/L ckfËtf ePsf AolQmx?sf ;d:of / ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu ag]sf P]g, sfg'g / k"jf{wf/x? lgdf{0f ug{ tLg txs} ;/sf/n] u/]sf] k|of; ;Xflgo 5. cem} k'u]sf] 5}g, ;d]l6Psf] 5}g. ePsf k|of;x?nfO{ ;dy{g ub{} ePsf q'6Lx?nfO{ ;RofpFb} hfg'k5{. ckfËtf ePsf aflnsf / dlxnfx? gft]bf/, l5d]sLx?af6 ;xof]u ug{] jfxfgfdf yk rk]6fdf k/]sf 5g\. lhNnfsf] tYofÍdf kl5Nnf s]lx jif{df ckfËtf ePsf dlxnf / aflnsfx? anfTs[t ePsf & j6f hfx]/L k|x/Lsf]df btf{ ePsf 5g\. ckfËtf ePsf AolQmx?sf] cfˆg} kL8f t 5Fb}5 kL8f dfyL kL8f ylkg] u/L cfkmGtaf6 anfTs[t x'g'kbf{ emg} ;+s6 ylkPsf 5g\. Psflt/ ;/sf/n] agfPsf] dfkb08 cg';f/ /fHosf] ;'ljwf gkfPsf] u'gf;f] 5 eg] kfPsfx?n] klg kl/jf/, ;dfh tyf /fHosf lgsfox?af6 ;xof]u kfpg g;s]sf] u'gf;f]nfO{ ;/sf/sf lgsfox?n] ;Daf]wg ug{' h?/L 5. /fHon] k|bfg ug{] ;'ljwf ;xh ?kdf k|fKt ug{ sfo{ljlw afws ePsf] cg'ej hgk|ltlglw cfkm}n] u/]sf 5g\. lhNnfdf ckfËtf ;DaGwL sfd ug{] !^ j6f ;+:yf 5g\. clwsf+z ;+:yfx?sf] u'gf;f] ckfËtf ePsf AolQmx?nfO{ /fHon] k|bfg u/]sf] ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg sfo{ljlw afws ePsf] xf]. g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] df}lns xssf] wf/f !* df ;dfgtfsf] xs, wf/f #* df dlxnfsf] xs, wf/ $# df ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xssf] Aoj:yf u/] klg sfof{Gjogdf ;d:of /x]sf] g]kfn ckfË ;+3 lhNnf dxf;lrj kDkmf k'sf{]6Ln] atfpg' eof]. km/s km/s ckfËtf ePsf AolQmx?sf] ;d:of cnu cnu /x]sf] pxfFn] atfpg' eof]. ;a} ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ tLg} txsf ;/sf/n] rf;f] lbg'kg{] ckfËtf If]qdf sfd ug{] clwsf/dL{x?sf] wf/0ff 5 ;du| ljifodf kLl8tx?nfO{ Gofo x'g] vfnsf] sfg'g lgdf{0f, ePsf sfg'gx?sf] sfof{Gjog tyf cw'/f / ck'/f] sfg'gx?nfO{ ;+zf]wg u/L ckfËtf If]qdf ePsf k|ultx?nfO{ cem} Wofg lbg' h?/L 5. gLlt / ;+/rgfdf Wofg lbg ;lsof] eg] lj:tf/} AolQmx?n] ug{] Aojxf/df kl/jt{g ;Dej 5.
;~rf/sdL{nfO{======================== c:ktfn / d]lyGsf]6 c:ktfndf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ bf]>f] r/0fsf] sf]le8 lj?4sf] vf]k z'? ul/Psf] xf]Ú–:jf:Yo sfof{no sfe|]sf k|d'v al/i7 :jf:Yo k|zf;s 8f= g/]Gb|s'df/ emfn] eGg'eof]–…nlIft ;d'xdf k/]sf AolQmx?n] tf]lsPsf] cjwL leq vf]k nufpg cg'/f]w u/]sf 5f}+ . vf]k nufpg cfpFbf klxrfg v'Ng] kl/rokq clgjfo{ ul/Psf] 5 .Ú klxnf] r/0fdf 5'6 ePsf :jf:YosdL{ nufotsf AolQmx?, :yfgLo txsf hgk|ltlglw / sd{rf/Lx?, lghfdtL ;]jfdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?, a}+sdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?, g]kfn k|x/L, k|flws/0f tyf ;+:yfgdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?, Gofo ;]jf ;d'xsf sd{rf/L, ;+rf/sdL{x?, gu/kflnsfsf] :jf:Yo zfvf / lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 k|fKt ;"rLdf k/]sf AolQx?nfO{ vf]k nufO{Psf] lyof] . x/]s sfof{non] cfˆgf] sfof{nodf sfo{/t @) k|ltzt sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ b}lgs vf]k nufpg] Aoj:yf ldnfPsf lyP . lhNnfsf] d]lyGsf]6 c:ktfndf gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsf, t]dfn, /f]zL / dxfef/t ufpFkflnsfsf nlIft ;d'xsf AolQmx? tyf w'lnv]n c:ktfndf afFsL kflnsfnfO{ sfo{ If]q agfpg] nlIft ;d'xsf AolQmx?nfO{ vf]k nufO{Psf] lyof] . t]>f] r/0fdf ljlQo ;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lx?, lzIfs tyf cGo If]qsf AolQmx?nfO{ vf]k nufO{g]5 . klxnf] r/0fdf vf]k nufO{Psf AolQmx?nfO{ xNsf Hj/f] cfpg], lhp b'Vg] afx]s cGo s]lx gePsf] :jf:Yo sfof{no sfe|]sf k|d'v al/i7 :jf:Yo k|zf;s 8f= g/]Gb|s'df/ emfn] atfpg' eof] . w'lnv]n / d]lyGsf]6 c:ktfnn] vf]k nufO{ ;s] kl5 x'g ;Sg] ;Defljt nIf0fx?sf] pkrf/ ug{] k"j{ tof/L u/]sf] 5 . bf]>f] r/0fdf vf]k nufPsfx?nfO{ klg ;d:of gb]lvPsf] 8f= emfn] atfpg' eof] .
jif{ @& c+s !^ @)&& kmfu'g ^ ljxLjf/
;+;b\ lj36g, cfufdL lgjf{rg / g]skfsf] zlQm k|bz{g zq' cfkm\g} sf]vaf6 hGdG5 xfd| f k' v f{ x ?n] cfˆgf] hLjgsfnsf] nfdf] ;+33if{ cg'ej / k|of]uaf6 k|fKt egfO{x? clxn] xfd|f] b}lgs hLjgdf oyfy{df kl/0ft eO ;To ;fljt x'g k'u]sf 5g\ . k'vf{x?n] eGg] u/]sf / clxn] ;Qf?9 g]skfsf] kf6L{ hLjgdf 7\ofSs} ldNg uPsf s]lx ;fGble{s / dggof]Uo egfO{x?–æaf3sf] d'v x]g{' k/] la/fnf]sf] d'v x]g{', zq'sf] d'v x]g{'k/] cfˆg} efO{sf] d'v x]g{' . zq' cfˆg} sf]vaf6 hGdG5 .Æ kmnfdsf] zq' kmnfd g} x'G5 . k'vf{x?n] ef]u]/ cg'e"t u/]sf dflysf oL tLgj6} egfO{ xfdL ;a}n] xfd|f] hLjg / ;dfhdf k|ToIf ef]Ub} cfPsf 5f}+ / clxn] Tof] egfO{ ;+;b\ lj36g, kf6L{ ljefhg / g]skfsf b'j} ;d"xx?n] cfˆg} cfsf/ / prfO{ 36fpg ul/Psf cy{xLg zlQm k|bz{gsf] xf]8afhLdf klg k|i6 b]lvPsf] 5 . of] ;To s'/f xf] aflx/L zq'n] ug{] xdnfeGbf cfˆg} 3/leqsf] zq'n] ug{] xdnf a9L vt/f / kL8fbfoL x'g] u5{ . lsgeg] aflx/L zq' xdnf ug{ cfPsf] / p;n] u/]sf] tof/L b]Vg ;lsG5 t/ cfˆg} sf]vaf6 hGd]sf] / 3/leqsf] zq'n] ug{] xdnf e';sf] cfuf]h:tf] leqleq} ;lNs/x]sf] x'G5, cyf{t SofG;/ /f]usf] ?kdf km}lnPsf] x'G5 . g]skfleqsf] cf]nL ;d"x / k|r08–g]kfn ;d"xaLr xfn ljsl;t of] b'ef{Uok"0f{ cj:yfsf] pkh kf6L{leq nfdf] ;dob]lv b]lvPsf] lr/f / bGs]sf] e';sf] cfuf] g} xf] eGbf cltzof]lQm x'g]5}g . kf6L{leq /x]f zLif{ g]tfx? lkR5]s} ;d"x / u'6n] ha cfˆg} kf6L{sf k|wfgdGqL lj?4 cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj / /fi6«kltnfO{ dxfcleof]u nufpg] tof/L u/]kl5 To;af6 aRg k|wfgdGqLn] afWofTds cj:yfdf ;+;b\ lj36g ug{] clk|o lg0f{o ug{ k'u]sf x'g\ . kf}if % ut] ;+;b\ lj36g ePkl5 l;Ëf] g]skf cf}krfl/s ?kd} cf]nL ;d"x / k|r08 g]kfn ;d"xdf ljeflht x'g k'u]sf] 5 . zlQm k|bz{gdf b]lvPsf cdof{lbt b[iox?M aflx/af6 em§ x]bf{ b'O{ ltxfO{sf] ax'dt k|fKt kf6L{sf k|wfgdGqLn] cjlw k"/f gx'Fb} ;+;b\ lj36g ug{' gkfs]sf] 6/f{] kmn vfPh:tf] ePsf] 5 eg] kf6L{leq cfGtl/s ?kdf ljsl;t cj:yf ultljlwnfO{ ldlxg 9+un] lgofn]/ x]bf{ k|wfgdGqLn] rfn]sf] sbd pko'Qm / ;fGble{s g} b]lvG5, lsgeg] ha ljkIfLn] cfkm"nfO{ xTof g} ug{ vf]H5 eg] k|lt/Iffdf pqg' dfgjLo :jefj g} xf] . ;+;b\ lj36g kl5 cf]nL ;d"x / k|r08 g]kfn ;d"xdf ljeflht g]skfsf b'j} ;d"x zlQm k|bz{gdf plqPsf 5g\ . b'j} ;d"x cfkm"nfO{ 7"nf] / alnof] b]vfpg lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fO{b]lv cfˆgf ;d"xsf sfo{stf{ / ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfnfO{ uf8Ldf sf7df8f}+ ptf/]/ Ps cfk;df s6fIf, ufnL unf}h / :t/xLg cleJolQm af]n]/ Psn] csf{] ;d"xnfO{ v'ONofpg] g+Uofpg] sfddf /dfO{/x]sf 5g\ . df3 !) ut] k|r08 g]kfn ;d"xn] sf7df8f}+df hg;ef k|bz{g u/]kl5,
afnd}qL============ k|0ffnL k|a4{g ul//x]sf] 5 . o;n] :yfgLo lgsfox?n] canDjg ug]{ of]hgf th'{df, afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt gLlt lgdf{0f, / lg0f{ o k| l qmofdf afnaflnsf tyf afnaflnsf;F u ;/f] s f/ /fVg] ;+ 3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;xeflutf / e"ldsf ;'lglZrt u/L afnd}qL nufgL k|0ffnL :yflkt ug]{ nIo lnPsf] 5 . afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g /fli6«o /0fgLlt, @)^* sf] bkmf @! df tf]lsPsf #( j6f Go"gtd\ ;"rsx? k|fKt ug]{ :yfgLo txn] cfk"mnfO{ afnd}qL :yfgLo ;/sf/ 3f]if0ff ug{ ;Sg] clwsf/ k| b fg u/] s f] 5 .
;"rgf ;jf/L ;fwg rnfpFbf / af6f] sf6\bf lgodx? kfngf u/f}+, cfkm" klg hf]lupF / c?nfO{ klg hf]ufcf}+ g]kfn ;/sf/
;+rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqfno ;"rgf tyf k|;f/0f ljefu
cfhsf] ljrf/ – ofbj yfkf
b'j} ;d"x cfkm"nfO{ 7"nf] / alnof] b]vfpg lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fO{b]lv cfˆgf ;d"xsf sfo{stf{ / ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfnfO{ uf8Ldf sf7df8f}+ ptf/]/ Ps cfk;df s6fIf, ufnL unf}h / :t/xLg cleJolQm af]n]/ Psn] csf{] ;d"xnfO{ v'ONofpg] g+Uofpg] sfddf /dfO{/x]sf 5g\ .
;+ljwfgsf] dd{ / efjgfnfO{ k|lts"n gx'g] u/L cfˆgf] km};nf ;fj{hlgs ug{]5 . gs ] kfsf bj'} ;dx'x? ;jfR{] rn] km;}nf cfˆgf] kIfdf ug]{ / ugk{' g]{ tsx{? k:|tt' ul//xs ] f 5g\ . cfn ] L ;dx" / :jo+ kw|fgdGqL s=]kL=cfn ] L sg'k}lg xfntdf ;;+b\ kg':yfk{gf xg' g;Sg] lhls/ ul//xs ] f 5g\ eg,] kr | 08 gk]fn ;dx" ;;+b\ kg':yfk{gf geP bz ] df 7n " f] b3'6{gf xg'] / cfkmx"? bzf+} nfvsf] hgzlQm kb|zg{ ub}{ jfnj'f6f/ l;x+b/af/ / lgjfr { g cfofu] 3g]{ hfg] wlDsk0"f{ cleJolQm lbO/xs ] f 5g\ . lgjfr { g cfofu] lgjfr { gsf] tof/Ldf ;/sf/n] ;;+b lj36g u/;]uF} cfufdL @)&* jz } fv !& / @& ut] bO'{ r/0fdf ;3+Lo ;;+bs \ f] lgjfr { g ldlt 3fi]f0ff u/s ] f] 5 . ;fl]x cg;'f/ lgjfr { g cfofu]n] cfˆgf] lgjfr { g sfoq{mdsf] tof/L cl3 a9fPsf] 5 . dtbftfsf] gfd ks | fzg, lgjfr { g ;fduL| vl/b kl|qmof kf|/De u/L klxnf] r/0fdf rfln; lhNnf / bf;]f|] r/0fdf ;t}L; lhNnfdf lgjfr { g ;DkGg ug]{ sfoq{mddf h6's ] f] 5 . o;af6 ;;+b kg':yfk{gf xg'] ;Defjgf sd / lgjfr { g xg'] ;Defjgf a9L bl]vPsf] 5 . gs ] kf ljefhgn] ljutdf bl]vPsf glthfx? gk]fndf lj=;=+ @)$* bl]v @)%^ ;Dd ePsf ;;+bLo / :yfgLo lgjfr { g, lj=;=+ @)^$ / @)&) df ePsf ;l+jwfg ;ef lgjfr { g / @)&$ df ;DkGg ePsf] ;3+, kb|z ] / :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rgn] g]kfnsf &)Ü hgtf jfdkGyLsf] kIfdf /xs ] f] tYo bv ] fp5F . t/ h6'g\ eGbf km6'g\ /dfpg] sDol'gi6 gt]fx?sf] sf/0f kf|oMh;f] ;Qf ;r + fngsf] afu8f/] #)Ü, hgdt ePsf] gk]fnL sfuF;|] sf] xftdf uPsf] bl]vG5 . ljutsf] olx tLtf] cge'j / sfos { tfs { f] bafjdf ut @)&$ sf] ;;+b\ / kb|z ] txsf] rg'fjdf ;fljs gs ] kf Pdfn] / dfcfj]fbL sG]b| aLr rg'fjL u7aGwg sfod xbF'f /fdf|] glthf kf|Kt eO{ bO'{ ltxfOs { f] alnof] sDol'gi6 ;/sf/ u7g ug]{ ;kmntf kf|Kt ePsf] lyof] . ;fljs Pdfn] / dfcfj]fbLaLr ePsf] Pstf jfnj'fsf] 3/eGbf klg sRrf ;fljt eof,] cyft{ :j:yfgL at|syfdf tf/sf;/' bG}To] agfPsf lqk/' ;G'b/ zx/x? Ps lgdi]fsf nflu Ps 7fpdFf hfl]8Psf] an ] f dxfbj]n] kx|f/ u/s ] f] cfUgo]f:qaf6 Wj:t ePh:tf] eof] . gs ] kfsf bj'} ;dx"n] hlt a9L pkm|] / kml"t{ u/] klg cfufdL lgjfr { gdf s;n } ] klg axd't Nofpg ;Sbg}, yf/]} dtfGt/n] bj'} ;dx" xf5g{\ / sfuF;|] n] 7n " f] kf6L{ aGg] cj;/ kfpg ;S5 . olb ;;+b\ kg':yfk{gf ePsf] cj:yfdf klg ;;+bd\f km/]L s;'L{ xfgfxfg / ;f;+b\ tfgftfgsf] 3l[0ft vn ] / bi[o ;? ' xg'5] . slxn] hGdn]fg\ gk]fndf dgdfx]gx? gk]fnsf] ;/sf/ u7g, ;r + fng / nfs ] lko|tfsf] Oltxf;df :jl0fd{sfn dflgPsf] / clxn;]Ddsf ;/sf/ kd|v ' / kw|fgdGqLx?df :jR5 5lj agfpg ;kmn xg'' ePsf ;fljs gs ] kf Pdfns ] f cWoIf dgdfx]g clwsf/Lsf] gt]T[jdf ul7t gf} dlxg] cNkdtsf] ;/sf/ / To;n] bz ] ljsf;df NofPsf] nx/nfO{ Oltxf;df :j0f{ cIf/df nV]gk'g]{ xG'5 . ;jq{ al]ylt, nyflnË / r/d ei|6frf/n] ufh F s ] f] of] bz ] nfO{ p4f/ ug;{Sg] dxfg\ ;fr ] ePsf dgdfx]gx? gk]fndf slxn] hGdn ] fg\ xfdL Tolx kl|tIffdf 5f+} .
Tof] ;efnfO{ lv;Ll6p/L ub{}, hg;ef eg]sf] o:tf] x'G5 eg]/ cf]nL ;d"xn] df3 @# ut] sf7df8f}+df ljzfn hg;ef k|bz{g u¥of] . km]l/ k|r08 g]kfn ;d"xn] cf]nL ;d"xnfO{ b]vfpg df3 @* ut] sf7df8f}+sf] e[s'6Ld08kdf b]z}e/Laf6 sfo{stf{ / dflg;x? cf];f/]/ ljzfn hgk|bz{gsf] zlQm k|b{zg u¥of] . ;+j}wflgs cfof]udf kb axfnL u/]sf] lj/f]wdf k|r08 g]kfn ;d"xn] df3 @@ ut] ;a}n] g?rfPsf] g]kfn aGb u/L cfd x8\tfn ;d]t u¥of] / cfnf]lrt aGg k'Uof] . b'j} ;d"xn] cfof]hgf u/]sf zlQm k|bz{g / hg;efdf Ps csf{ lj?4 ;fdfGo /fhg}lts dof{bfsf] ;d]t Vofn g/fvL :t/xLg zAb k|of]u u/L Ps cfk;df s6fIf / zq'tfk"0f{ z}nLdf plqg k'u]sf] b[ion] g]kfnsf jfdkGyL lzif{ g]tfx?sf] prfO{nfO{ xf]RofO/x]sf] b[io k|i6 ?kdf b]Vg / dfkg ug{ ;lsGYof] . kf6Ls { f] cflwsfl/stf / ;o"{ lrGxsf] bfjL M g]skfdf ljefhgsf] /]vf sf]l/Pkl5 b'j} ;d"xn] cfkm"nfO{ cflwsfl/s kf6L{sf] 3f]if0ff ub{} kf6L{sf] nf]slk|o r'gfj lrGx …;"o{Ú cfˆgf] ePsf] bfjL ub{} cfPsf 5g\ / Psn] csf{] ;d"xsf g]tfnfO{ kf6L{sf] lhDd]jf/ kb / ;b:otfaf6 x6fPsf] sf/jfxL u/]sf elg/x]sf 5g\ . k|r08 g]kfn ;d"xn] k|wfgdGqL s]kL cf]nLnfO{ kf6L{ cWoIfaf6 x6fO{ kf6L{ ;b:o ;d]t vf/]h u/L dfwj
g]kfnnfO{ kf6L{ cWoIf agfof] eg] cf]nL ;d"xn] klg k|r08nfO{ cWoIfaf6 x6fO{ sf/jfxL u/]sf] 5 . csf{]lt/ k|r08 g]kfn ;d"xn] g]skfsf] s]lGb|o sld6Lsf ax'dt ;b:ox? cfˆgf] kIfdf ePsf]n] cfˆgf] ;d"x g} cflwsfl/s ePsf] eg]sf] 5, To;}u/L cf]nL ;d"xn] kf6L{ cWoIf / dxf;lrj cfˆgf] ;d"xdf ePsf]n] cfkm" g]skfsf] cflwsfl/s ePsf] / ;"o{ lrGx cfˆgf] ePsf] bfjL u/]sf] 5 . lgjf{lrt cfof]un] o;af/] 5fglag u/L ;s]sf] 5}g / @)&$ sf] lgjf{rg cfof]udf btf{ ePsf] g]skf ;"o{ lrGxnfO{ g} dfGotf lbPsf] 5 . o;af6 cf]nL ;d"x xf}l;Psf] / k|r08 g]kfn ;d"x ;z+lst ePsf] 5 . ;jf{]Rrdf ePsf b'j} kIfsf ax;x? k|wfgdGqLn] u/]sf] ;+;b\ lj36g lj?4 ;+;b\ k'g:yf{kgsf] nflu ;jf{]Rr cbfntdf !# j6f l/6 lgj]bg k/]sf] / To;df l/6 lgj]bssf tkm{af6 jl/i7 sfg"g Joj;foLx?n] ax; ug{] qmd k"/f eO{ df3 @( ut]af6 ;/sf/ kIfsf sfg"g Joj;foLx?sf] ax; k}/jL klg ;lsPsf] 5 . ca s]lx lbg b'j} kIf afx]ssf sfg'gL Joj;foLx?sf] ;d"x Plds; So'/Lsf] tkm{af6 ;jf{]Rrdf ax; rNg]5 . ;a} kIfsf sfg"g Joj;foLx?sf] ax; k}/jL ;lsPkl5 ;jf{]Rrsf] ;+j}wflgs O{hnf;n] ;+;b\ lj36g ;DaGwL ljutsf glh/ / jt{dfg
afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g afnclwsf/ ;DaGwL ;du| kIfsf] k|a4{g u/L :yfgLo txdf ;'zf;g clej[l4 ug{ NofOPsf] cjwf/0f xf] . afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gnfO{ ;j} j8fx?df cjnDag u/L k|To]s j8fx?df afnd}qL kfs{ lgdf{0f, Ps3/ Pswf/fsf] cleofg, k|f/lDes afnljsf; s] G b| s f] ;' w f/, k| T o] s afnaflnsfx?nfO{ clgjfo{ ?kdf ljBfno egf{ cleofg, ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt / :jf:Yo Aoj:yfkg ;ldltdf afn Snasf k|ltlglwsf] clgjfo{ k|ltlglwTj x'g] sfg'gL Joj:yf, hGdbtf{sf] cleofg, ljBfnodf 5fq / 5fqfx?sf] nflu cnu cnu zf}rfno lgdf{0f, afn>d Go"gLs/0f, afnljjfx lgif]w nufotsf ljleGg sfo{s|dx? ;DkGg ePsf lyP . afnaflnsfx?sf] x]/rfx tyf cgfy afnaflnsfsf] ;xof]usf nflu #( nfv af/fa/sf] /sdaf6 !@ j6} j8fdf afn sf]if :yfkgf ug'{sf ;fy} afnd}qL 3f]if0ff ug]{ j8fx?nfO{ k'/:sf/ :j?k k|lt j8f % nfvsf b/n] k'/:sf/ ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 . afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gn] tf]s]sf #( j6f ;"rsx?nfO{ :yfgLos/0f ug'{sf ;fy} ;"rsx?sf] clGtd dfGotf lbO{ afnd}qL kfs{, kf]if0f ;'wf/ nufotsf :yfgLo ;"rsx?nfO{ yk u/L gu/ sfo{kflnsfaf6 ;a} j8fx?df k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] gu/ k|d'v Aof~h'n] atfpg' eof] . afnd}qL gu/ 3f]if0ffsf nflu gu/kflnsfsf ;a} hgk|ltlglw, sd{rf/L tyf gu/df :yfkgf ePsf %% j6f afn Sna, gu/ tyf !@ j6} j8fx?df /x]sf j8f afn ;~hfn, gu/:t/Lo afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g ;ldlt, j8f ;dGjo ;ldlt / afn ;+/If0f tyf ;Daå{g pk–;ldltsf] ;s[otf /x]sf] ;fdflhs ljsf; zfvf k|d'v ljb'/ uf}tdn] hfgsf/L lbg' eof] . kmfu'g % ut] j8f gDa/ !, @, *, (, !! / !@ nfO{ afnd}qL j8f 3f]if0f u/L ;du| gu/kflnsfnfO{ g} afnd}qL gu/ 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] xf] . k|To]s j8f tyf gu/sf] k|f]kmfO{n, afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt kq, afnjflnsfx?sf] nufgL of]hgf, /0fgLlts of]hgf, j8f tyf gu/kflnsfsf] 3f]if0ff k"j{sf] ;"rs dfkgsf ;fy} ;"rsx?sf] clGtd dfkg ;d]t ;DkGg u/] kZrft\ afnd}qL j8f tyf gu/ 3f]if0ffsf nflu lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, sfe|]knf~rf]s / afudtL k|b]z ;fdflhs ljsf; dGqfno dfkm{t cg'udg ul/Psf] lyof] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltaf6 cg'udg ;DkGg eP kZrft afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g gu/ 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] xf] . lhNnfsf] kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ !@ klxnf] afnd}qL j8f 3f]if0ff ePsf] lyof] . To;;Fu} kgf}tLsf cGo j8fx? afnd}qL 3f]if0ff ePsf lyP .
hgk|ltlglwsf========== 3/sf] :yfkgf u/L ljqmL ljt/0fsf] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] ;fy} ahf/Ls/0fsf nflu ljleGg ;+3÷;+:yfx?;Fu ;dGjo u/L ;xsfo{ cufl8 a9fOPsf] atfpg' eof] . ;a} j8fx?df v]ns'b ljsf;nfO{ dWogh/ u/L v]ns'bsf ;fdfu|Lx?sf] ljt/0f u/L j8f gDa/ & / * df lhd ;]G6/sf] :yfkgf ul/Psf] gu/ k|d'v Aof~h'n] atfpg' eof] . dfgl;s ;d:of ePsf o'jfx? pkrf/sf] qmddf ljleGg :jf:Yo tyf ;'wf/ u[xx?df /x]sf 5g\ To:tf o'jfx?sf] pkrf/sf nflu cg'bfg :j?k gu/kflnsfn] k|ltJolQm !) xhf/ k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . blnt kl/ifb\ cGt{ut k/Dk/fut ?kdf ;~rfng eO/x]sf cf/g ;'wf/sf nflu ( j6f / rfn' jif{df ( j6f u/L !* j6f cf/gnfO{ cfw'lgsLs/0f ul/Psf] 5 . j8f gDa/ ( / !! df blntx?sf] cfocfh{g j[låsf nflu Aof08 afhf ;d'xut ?kdf ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . ljBfno / dxfljBfnodf cWoog/t blnt 5fq 5fqfx?nfO{ k|ltJolQm !)÷!) xhf/sf b/n] 5fqj[lQ k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . blnt kl/ifb\ / dlxnf kl/ifb\af6 #) hgf JolStx?nfO{ df]6/ 8«fOleËsf] tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . dlxnf kl/ifb\ cGt{ut #) j6f l;nfO{ d]lzg / ! ;o @% j6f Knfli6s 6g]n vl/b u/L ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . gu/kflnsfn] ;du| ljsf; tyf gu/kflnsfsf] efjL b"/ufdL of]hgfsf ;DaGwdf k|fyldstf If]q lgwf{/0f ;lxtsf] @) aif]{ lehg k]k/ tof/L u/L !& j6f ljifo If]q ;d]6]sf] PsLs[t gu/ ljsf; of]hgfsf] th{'df u/L ;f]xL adf]lhd sfo{s|d ;~rfng eO{/x]sf] 5 . gu/kflnsfdf sl/a % s/f]8 nufgLdf & ;o Ifdtfsf] ;ef xn lgdf{0f tyf @ s/f]8 nfutdf ko{6sLo b[li6n] cToGt} dxTjk"0f{ b]jL:yfg kfs{sf] lgdf{0f tyf w'lnv]n d'Vo ahf/df ;lkË sDKn]S; lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 eg] w'lnv]n dgf]/~hg kfs{df sf]z]nL3/ tyf k;n sjn lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . Ps} k6s ! xhf/ hgf a:g] Ifdtfsf] ;ef xn lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] Ps 3/ Ps wf/f gLlt cg';f/ gu/kflnsfsf ^ j6f j8fdf k"0f{ ?kdf vfg]kfgL ;'ljwf k'¥ofpg'sf ;fy} cfufdL cf=j= df $ j6f j8f / afs F L cjwL leq ;a} j8fdf Ps 3/ Ps wf/ k"0f{ ?kdf nfu" ug{ ;Sg] ul/ sfo{ z'? ePsf] 5 . xfn;Dd % xhf/ ^ ;o #& 3/w'/Ldf Ps 3/ Ps wf/f k'lu;s]sf] 5 . k"jf{wf/ ljsf; cGtu{t rfn' cf=j=df u|fj]n ;8s @!,)*) ld6/, gofF 6«ofs !@,)@% ld6/, lkr ;8s #@@) ld6/, sh j] %* ld6/, kSsL gfnL !),#&% ld6/ / ;8s 9nfg @@@% ld6/sf] lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 . w'lnv]n /Ëzfnfsf] cf=j=df sl/a %% s/f]8 nfutdf lgdf{0f ug{sf] nflu l8lkcf/ tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . /ËzfnfnfO{ If]qLo :t/sf] km'6an :6]l8odsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{ gofF zx/ ljsf; cfof]hgf dfkm{t #& sf/f]8 ah]6 ljlgof]hgsf nflu kxn ePsf] 5 . pQm cfof]hgf lgdf{0f kZrft k|f/lDes r/0fdf $%)) l;6 Ifdtfsf] :6]l8od lgdf{0f x'g]5 eg] k"0f{ ?kdf sfo{ ;DkGg x'Fbf ( xhf/ l;6 Ifdtfsf] :6]l8od lgdf{0f x'g]5 . ;fd'bflos ljBfnodf kmlg{r/ / zf}rfno ;d]tsf] Joj:yf ePsf] ljBfno ejg lgdf{0f ;DkGg eO{ ljBfnonfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] ;fy} b'O{j6f ljBfnosf nflu ;'ljwf ;DkGg sIff sf]7f ;lxtsf] ejg lgdf{0fsf nflu ;fem]bf/ ;+:yf;Fu ;dGjo / ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . afnd}qL lzIf0f k4ltnfO{ hf]8 lbFb} k|fylds txaf6 g} z}lIfs u'0f:t/ ;'lglZrt ug{ cGt/fli6«o u}x|;/sf/L ;+:yf / :yfgLo ;fem]bf/ ;+:yf ;d]tsf] ;xsfo{df !@ afx| j6f ljBfnosf] !^ j6f sIffdf ax'sIff ax':t/ k4ltaf6 l;sfO ;xhLs/0f ul/Psf] / rfn" cfjdf ^ j6f ljBfnodf nfu" ug]{ u/L gu/ lzIff ;ldltaf6 ljBfno 5gf}6 ul/Psf] 5 . ljZjdf km}lnPsf] dfxfdf/L ;+;f/sf] r'gf}tL ag] klg w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf :jf:Yo zfvfn] o;nfO{ :jf:Yo If]q ljsf;sf] cj;/sf] ?kdf pkof]u ul/Psf] 5 . :jf:Yo If]qdf cnu klxrfg :j:y zx/ w'lnv]n agfpg] p2]Zosf ;fy cfˆg} df}lns sfo{qmdx?sf ;fy w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfn] :jf:Yo If]qdf sfo{ z'?jft ePsf] 5 . dfgl;s :jf:Yosf] ;d:of sd ug{ l;Pdl; g]kfnsf] ;xof]udf w'lnv]n k|fylds :jf:Yo s]G› dfkm{t dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{ ;]jf pknAw u/fO/x]sf] 5 . w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ ( l:yt sfe|] e~HofËdf !% z}ofsf] c:ktfn lznfGof; ;DkGg e} sfo{ ;'?jft ul/Psf] 5 . ;xsf/Lsf] lbuf] ljsf; tyf ahf/ Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;xsf/L ahf/ ljsf; sfo{s|d ;~rfng eO{ $ j6f ;xsf/Lx?df s[lif pkh 9'jfgLsf nflu $ j6f ;jf/L ;fwg pknAw u/fOPsf] 5 . w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] s[lif If]qsf] ;du| / bLuf] ljsf;sf] nflu Ol;df]8 / l;k|]8sf] ;xof]udf rf/ aifL{o s[lif ljsf; /0fgLlts of]hgf tof/ ul/Psf]df ;f]xL adf]lhd ljleGg sfo{qmdx? sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] 5 . t/sf/L v]tLdf ;+nUg s[ifsx?nfO{ %) k|ltzt cg'bfgdf Knfli6s 6g]n / dlNrË sfo{s|d ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 . s[ifs ;d"x u7g tyf kl/rfng ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf tof/ u/L nfu" ul/Psf] 5 . s[lifdf cfw'lgsLs/0f ub}{ pTkfbsTj clej[l4 ug]{ tyf nfutdf sdL Nofpg gu/kflnsfsf ;a} j8fx?nfO{ ;d]6L ldlg6]n/ *) j6f, :k|]o/ !%) yfg, y|];/ @# yfg ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . %) k|ltzt cg'bfgdf df}/L3f/ ljt/0f u/L g=kf=sf] j8f g+ !! / !@ nfO{ df}/L ks]6 If]q agfOg] sfo{s|d /x]sf] 5 . sDkf]i6 dn ;'wf/sf nflu esf/f] ;'wf/ sfo{s|d nfu' ul/g'sf ;fy} o; g=kf=sf] j8fg+ # df Aoj;flos t/sf/L v]tLsf nflu ;fgf l;+rfO{ sfo{qmd nfu" ul/Psf] 5 . gu/kflnsfnfO{ gu/jf;Lsf] 3/ b}nf]sf] ;/sf/sf] ?kdf Jojl:yt u/L ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos kg]{ ljleGg #% j6f P]g / sfo{ljlw kfl/t ul/Psf] 5 . Goflos ;ldltdf xfn;Dd @* j6f ljjfbx? btf{ ePsf]df d]nldnfkaf6 $ j6f / Goflos lg?k0faf6 !) j6f ;d]t !$ j6f km5\of}{6 ul/Psf] ;fy} !$ j6f k|s[ofdf /x]sf] 5 . /fhZjdf k|ljlw d}qL tyf cGo ljsf;df gful/s d}qL sfo{ u/]sf] gu/ k|d'v Aof~h'n] atfpg' eof] .
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jif{ @& c+s !^ @)&& kmfu'g ^ ljxLjf/
w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] #% cf}+ :yfkgf lbj; tyf lhNnfsf] klxnf] afnd}qL gu/kflnsf 3f]if0ff ;df/f]xsf] pknIodf
gu/ k|d'v >L czf]s s'df/ Aof~h' >]i7af6 k|:t't dGtAo g]kfn /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf eO{ & ;o %# j6f :yfgLo tx u7g ePsf] / ljleGg k|sf/sf @ ;o (# j6f gu/kflnsf u7g ePsf] ;Gbe{df, cfhsf] o'jf k':tfnfO{ w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf :yfkgfsf] ljifo Pp6f lsDjbGtL nfUg ;S5. tTsflng w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] :yfkgf Pp6f ljlzi6 cj:yf / kl/j]zdf ePsf] lyof] . cfh o; gu/kflnsfsf ;+:yfks gu/ k|d'v >L j]n k|;fb >]i7 pQm kl/36gfsf] hLljt Oltxf; x'g'x'G5 . jxfF tyf jxfFsf] efjgf;Fu Psdt /x]sf xfd|f cu|h ;dfh;]jLx?sf] cys k|oTg / w'lnv]nnfO{ dfof ug]{ /fhgLlts tyf k|zf;lgs g]t[Tjstf{x?sf] ;xof]un] cfh xfdL @)$# ;fn kmfu'g % ut] :yfkgf ePsf] o; gu/kflnsfsf] #% cf}+ :yfkgf lbj; dgfpg] ;'gf}nf] cj;/ kfO/x]sf 5f}F . Pp6f egfO{ g} 5 ls o; wtL{df hGd]sf ;a} JolQmx? Oltxf;sf] kfgfdf c+lst x'Fb}gg\ . Oltxf;sf] kfgfdf cª\lst x'g]x? ;Tsd{sf ;h{s dfq} klg x'Fb}gg\ . c;n tyf ;fdflhs enfO{sf] sfo{ u/L Oltxf;sf] kfgfdf cfˆgf] gfd ;'/lIft ug{ ;kmn x'g' ePsf w'lnv]nsf] Oltxf;sf lgdf{tfx?nfO{ pkl:yt ljlzi6 dxfg'efjx?sf] cufl8 :d/0f ug{ kfpFbf d cfkm"nfO{ uf}/jzfnL dx;'; ul//x]sf] 5' . :yfkgf lbj;sf] cfjZostf / cf}lrTotfM g]kfnsf gu/kflnsfx?n] :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] dfGotf kfO{ sfo{kflnsf, Joj:yflksf tyf Gofokflnsfsf] ;+/rgf lgdf{0f e} ;s]sf] cj:yfdf gu/ ;efnfO{ ;+;bLo ;+/rgf cg'?k ;~rfng ul/Psf] t/ gu/kflnsfnfO{ dfof ug]{, gu/kflnsfsf] ljsf; / ;+d[l4df lrGtgzLn /xg], b]z tyf ljb]zdf w'lnv]nsf] k|jw{g ug]{ dg tyf d'6'df w'lnv]nnfO{ ;hfpg] /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts If]qsf JolQmTjx?, oxfFsf gful/sx? tyf /fi6« ;]jsx?nfO{ ;Demg' klg plQs} h?/L lyof] / 5 . cfhsf] :yfkgf lbj; ;df/f]xsf] Pp6f ;fGble{stf o;n] klg k|dfl0ft x'g] ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' . b]z tyf ;dfhsf] ljsf;df lbg /ft gegL v6\g] ;dfh;]jLx?, gful/s:t/af6 cfˆgf] hLljsf]kfh{gsf] nflu k]zf tyf Aoj;fo ckgfpg] JolQmx?, gu/kflnsfsf ljleGg If]qdf a;]/ ;–;fgf] ;d"x agfO{, kfl/jfl/s Joj;fo dfkm{t\ b]z tyf ;dfhsf] ljsf;df of]ubfg ug]{ JolStx? tyf cfˆgf] lhDd]jf/LnfO{ k"hf 7fgL hjfkmb]lxtfsf ;fy st{Ao kydf nDsg] sd{rf/Lx?sf] dgf]jn j9fpg] k|oTg ug{', / o; k|of]hgsf] nflu ;fÍ]lts ?kdf JolStx?sf] klxrfg u/L ;Ddflgt ug]{ k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . of] 5gf}6 k"0f{ gx'g;Sg] tkm{ d ;r]t x'Fb} cfufdL lbgdf oxfFx?sf] ;Nnfx ;'emfj ;d]tsf cfwf/df cufl8 a9fOg] Joxf]/f lgj]bg ub{5' . cfhs} o; cj;/df xfdL w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfnfO{ lhNnfsf :yfgLo txx? dWo]sf] klxnf] afnd}qL gu/ 3f]if0ff ug]{ o; z'e cj;/df 5fF} . d}n] o;f] elg/xFbf d]/f] 5ftL uj{n] km'n]sf] 5 . xfdL axfn x'g] ljlQs}sf] klxnf] gu/ ;efaf6 xfdLn] ? ! s/f]8 /sd ljlgof]hgsf] z'?jft ;Fu} o; gu/nfO{ afnd}qL gu/kflnsf agfpF5f} eGg] pb\3f]ifsf ;fy lg0f{o u/]sf lyofF} h'g cfh ;kmn x'g k'u]sf] 5 . s'g} klg ;dhfsf] ljsf;sf] nflu To; If]qsf afnjflnsfx?sf] rf}tkmL{ ljsf; x'g h?/L5 . ha afnaflnsfx?sf] ljsf;df xfdL nufgL u5f{F} To;sf] u'0ffTds k|ltkmn xfdLn] k|fKt ub{5f}F . xfdLnfO{ ljZj; 5 hlxn];Dd afnjflnsfx?nfO{ cg'zfl;t / ;Ifd agfpFg ;Sb}gf} To; a]nf;Dd xfdL xfd|f] gu/sf] ljsf;sf] kl/sNkgf ug{ ;Sb}gf} . oxL s'/fnfO{ dWo] gh/ u/L xfdLn] afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gnfO{ o; gu/df cjnDjg u/L ;f]xLadf]lhdsf ljleGg s[ofsnfkx? ;~rfng u/]sf] lyofF} . g]kfnn] /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o:t/df JoQm u/]sf ;dembf/L tyf k|ltj4tf sfof{Gojg ug]{ ;Gbe{df afnclwsf/ ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGwdf pNn]v ul/Psf afn arfp, afn ;+/If0f, afn ljsf; / afn ;xeflutf h:tf afnclwsf/sf d"ne"t ljifonfO{ ;Daf]wg u/L afnclwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug'{ /fHosf] bfloTj ePsf] 5 . o; kl/k|]Iodf g]kfn ;/sf/n] afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g /fli6«o /0fgLlt, @)^* tyf sfof{Gjog sfo{ljlw, @)^* hf/L u/L afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g k|0ffnL k|j4{g ul//x]sf] 5 . o;n] :yfgLo lgsfox?n] cjnDjg ug]{ of]hgf th'{df, afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt gLlt lgdf{0f, / lg0f{o k|lqmofdf afnaflnsf tyf afnaflnsf;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;xeflutf / e"ldsf ;'lglZrt u/L afnd}qL nufgL k|0ffnL :yflkt ug]{ nIo lnPsf] 5 . afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g /fli6«o /0fgLlt, @)^* sf] bkmf @! df tf]lsPsf #( j6f Go"gtd;"rsx? k|fKt ug]{ :yfgLo txn] cfk"mnfO{ afnd}qL :yfgLo ;/sf/ egL 3f]if0ff ug{ ;Sg] clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g afnclwsf/ ;DaGwL ;du| kIfsf] k|j{¢{g u/L :yfgLo txdf ;'zf;g clej[l¢ ug{ NofOPsf] cjwf/0f xf] . afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g gu/ 3f]if0ffsf] o; cj:yfdf cfOk'Ubf ;du| zf;sLo k¢ltdf afn clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / k|j¢{gsf nflu j8f tyf gu/df /x]sf ;a} ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L tyf ;Dk"0f{ lgsfosf] e"ldsf cToGt dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 . o;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu ljleGg txut tyf ;+:yfut ;+/rgfx?sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 . gu/ :t/df sfo{s|d sfof{Gjogsf nflu afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g gu/ ;ldltsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . j8fsf] ;du| afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gnfO{ k|j{åg ug{sf nflu ;d'bfo -j8f_ :t/Lo ;ldlt u7g u/L tf]lsPsf ;"rsx?sf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu lhDd]jf/ agfOPsf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglwx? / gu/kflnsf cGt{utsf zfvf k|d'vx?sf nflu afn ;+/If0f / afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf af/]df ;';"lrt u/fO{ afnclwsf/sf ljifo nufot of]hgf th"{dfdf afnjflnsfsf ljifox?df ;+j]bgzLn agfpg / ;f] ;DaGwL sfo{s|d th'{dfdf ;d]t a9fjf lbO{ ;du| afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gnfO{ o; gu/df k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] 5 . o;/L o; gu/n] afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gnfO{ ;j} j8fx?df cjnDjg u/L z'?sf] aif{dfg} k|To]s j8fx?df afnd}qL kfs{ lgdf{0f, Ps 3/ Ps wf/fsf] cleofg, k|f/Dels afnljsf; s]Gb|sf] ;'wf/, k|To]s afnaflnsfx?nfO{ clgjfo{ ?kdf ljBfno egf{ cleofg, ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt / :j:Yo Aoj:yfkg ;ldltdf afn Snasf k|ltlglwsf] clgjfo{ k|ltlglwTj x'g] sfg'gL Joj:yf, hGd btf{sf] cleofg, ljBfnodf 5fq / 5fqfx?sf] nflu cnu cnu zf}rfno lgdf{0f, afn>d Go"gLs/0f, afnljjfx lgif]w nufotsf ljleGg sfo{s|dx? xfdLn] lznlzn]jf/ ?kdf ;~rfng u/]sf lyof}F . afnaflnsfx?sf] x]/rfx tyf cgfy afnaflnsfsf] ;xof]usf nflu #( nfv af/fa/sf] /sdaf6 xfdLn] !@ j6} j8fdf afn sf]if :yfkgf ug'{sf ;fy} afnd}qL 3f]if0ff ug]{ j8fx?nfO{ k'/:sf/ :j?k ?k|lt j8f ? %/% nfvsf b/n] k'/:sf/ /sd ;d]t ljt/0f u/]sf 5fF} . afnd}qf :yfgL zf;gn] tf]s]sf #( j6f;"rsx?nfO{ xfdLn] :yfgLos/0f ug'{sf ;fy} ;"rsx?sf] clGtd dfGotf lbO{ afnd}qL kfs{,kf]if0f ;'wf/ nufotsf s]lx :yfgLo ;"rsx?nfO{ yk u/L gu/sfo{kflnsfaf6 ;j} j8fx?df o;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog u/]sf lyof}F . afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g 3f]if0ff Tolt ;xh ljifo xf]Og, o;sf nflu ;dfhsf ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnf kIf, cleefjs tyf afnaflnsfx?sf] cToGt dxTTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xg'sf ;fy} ;fdflhs hfu/0f / kl/rfng o;sf] cfwf/e"t ljifo ePsf]n] gu/kflnsfaf6 !/@ hgf sd{rf/Lx? !/@ lbg nfu]/ sbflk afnd}qL j8f tyf gu/ 3f]if0ff x'g g;Sg] x'Fbf of]hgfa4 / lg/Gt/ k|of; cfjZos lyof] . xfdLn] oxL s'/fnfO{ dWogh/ u/L ljut ;do b]lvg} afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gdf cg'ej xfl;n u/]sf] l;h{gzLn ;dfh g]kfn, w'lnv]n / ;f] ;+:yfsf afn clwsf/sf] If]qdf cg'ejL>L xl/rGb| l3ld/] / >L lbk]z ltdlN;gfnfO{ ljut tLg aif{b]lv cgj/t ?kdf kl/rfng u¥ofF} ;fy} o; sfdsf] g]t[Tj ul//x]sf] gu/kflnsf cGt{utsf] ;fdflhs ljsf; zfvf tyf zfvfsf k|d'v ljb'/ uf}tdsf] ljut b]lvsf] cg'ejnfO{ ;d]t e/k"/ pkof]u u/L ;a} j8fsf hgk|ltlglwx?sf] ;fy / ;xof]udf cfh xfdL o; cj:yfdf cfO{k'u]sf] d o; cj;/df oxfFx?nfO{ ;xif{ hfgsf/L u/fpFb5' . o; sfdsf nflu gu/df :yfkgf ePsf %% j6f afnSna, gu/ tyf !@ j6} j8fx?df /x]sf j8f afn ;hfn, gu/ :t/Lo afnd}qL :yfgL zf;g ;ldlt, j8f ;dGjo ;ldlt / afn ;+/If0f tyf ;Daå{g pk ;ldltsf] ;s[o ;xeflutf cToGt dxTTjk"0f{ /xg k'Uof] . gu/ afn ;~hfnsf] g]t[Tj ug]{ klxnf] cWoIf >L kjg uf}td / xfnsf] cWoIf >L ;'hg vqL efOx? / l6dsf] e"ldsf cljid/0fLo /xg k'Uof] . d ;a} ;a}nfO{ o; cj;/df xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . j8f cWoIfHo"x? nufot ;Dk"0f{ hgk|ltlglwx? tyf gu/kflnsf cGt{utsf lzIff, :jf:Yo, dlxnf tyf ;dfhsNof0f zfvf ,ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofks, lzIfsju{, ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt, :jo+;]ljsf lbbLalxgLx? nufotsf] cToGt r':t kl/rfngaf6 xfdL ;kmn x'g ku]sf 5f}F, ;j}nfO{ o; cj;/df wGojfb lbg rfxfG5' . s]Gb|Lo :t/df ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf pk ;lrj >L l8nf/fd kGyL, dlxnf afnaflnsf tyf h]i7 gful/s dGqfnosf pk;lrj >L s[i0f k|;fb e'iffnsf ;fy} afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g 3f]if0ffsf nflu kf/ ug'{ kg]{ !^ j6} v'8\lsnfdf ;xof]u ug'{ x'g] afn clwsf/sdL{ tyf l;h{gzLn ;fdfh g]kfnsf dxf;lrj >L xl/jf]n cfrfo{sf] e"ldsf cToGt dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf] d o; ;df/f]df ;Dk"0f{ hg;d'bfonfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpFb5' . o;sf] kl/0ffd :j?k ldlt @)&^ h]i7 @& ut]sf lbg lhNNnfsf] bf];|f] tyf o; gu/kflnsfsf] klxnf] j8fsf] ?kdf j8f gDa/ !) nfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf tfTsflng dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf h]i7 gful/s dGqL>L yddfofF yfkfsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf afnd}qL j8f 3f]if0f ul/of] . o;} u/L ldlt @)&^ kmfu'g % ut] :yfkgf lbj;sf] cj;/ kf/]/ o; gu/sf j8f gDa/ #, $, %, ^ / & nfO{ ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL s]=lk= zdf{ cf]nLHo"sf] k|d'v cfltToyfdf 3f]if0ff ug]{ sfd ;DkGg u/]sf lyofF} . cfhsf] o; uf}/jk"0f{ :yfkgf lbj;sf] cj;/df xfdL afFsL j8fx? j8f gDa/ !, @, *, (, !! / !@ nfO{ afnd}qL j8f 3f]if0f u/L ;du| gu/kflnsfnfO{g} afnd}qL gu/
3f]if0ff ul//x]sf] d oxfFx?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpFb5' . xfdLn] afnd}qL gu/kflnsf 3f]if0ff ul//xFbf k|To]s j8f tyf gu/sf] k|f]kmfO{n, afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt kq, afnjflnsfx?sf] nufgL of]hgf, /0fgLlts of]hgf, j8f tyf gu/kflnsfsf] 3f]if0ff k"j{sf] ;"rs dfkgsf ;fy} ;"rsx?sf] clGtd dfkg ;d]t ;DkGg u/] kZrft\ afnd}qL j8f tyf gu/ 3f]if0fsf nflu lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, sfe|]knf~rf]s / afudtL k|b]z ;fdflhs ljsf; dGqfnonfO{ cg'udgsf nflu cfu|x u/]sf lyofF} . afudtL k|b]zaf6 of] cg'udgsf] lhDdf xfnnfO{ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltnfO{ lbOPsf] Joxf]/fsf] kq xfdLn] k|fKt u/] kZrft\ gu/sf] ;d]t cg'udg lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltaf6 k"/fu/fO{ afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g gu/ 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] ;d]t d k|i6\ofpFg rfxG5' . cg'udgsf nflu xfdLx?n] lhNnfsf s[oflzn kqsf/x?nfO{ ;d]t ;xefuL u/fPsf 5fF} . o;/L cfh xfdL lhNnfsf] klxnf] afnd}qL gu/sf] ?kdf cfkm"nfO{ pEofpFg ;kmn ePsf 5f}F . gu/kflnsfdf lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglwsf] jxfnL eP kl5 ;DkGg ePsf g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn]cg';"rL * tyf cg';"rL ( dfkm{t :yfgLo txsf] nflu tf]s]sf] sfo{ lhDd]jf/Lsf ljifox?, rfn" cf=j=sf] ah]6n] k|bfg u/]sf] ;dfgLs/0f cg'bfg tyf ;zt{ cg'bfg / gu/kflnsfsf] cfGtl/s cfosf] kl/rfngaf6 rfn" cf=j=df gu/kflnsfaf6 lnOPsf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] ;dLIff ubf{ gu/kflnsfsf] k|of; tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;xof]u / tTk/tfsf sf/0f xfdLn] pT;fxhgs pknlAw xfl;n u/]sf 5f}F . bLuf] ljsf;sf] ult cufl8 a9fpg, ;d'bfosf] pGgltsf] rfxgfnfO{ ;+:yfut u/L ;jf{ËL0f ljsf;sf] 9f]sf vf]Ng xfnsf] k|of; ;du|df pknlAwd"ns /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ut aif{sf] #$ cf} :yfkgf lbj; kZrft\ cfh #% cf}+ :yfkgf lbj; dgfO{ /xFbf o; ;dofjlwdf eP u/]sf d'Vo pknlAwx? oxfFx? ;dIf k|:t't ug{ cg'dlt rfxG5' M ;fdflhs tyf Ifdtf ljsf; tkm{ • ul/aL Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu æd]o/ ul/jL lgjf/0f sf]ifÆ sf] :yfkgf / pQm sfo{qmdnfO{ ;xhLs/0f ug{ tyf nlIft ju{x?sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd :jLs[t ug{ dlxnf kl/ifb, cflbjf;L hghflt kl/ifb, o'jf kl/ifb, ckfËju{ kl/ifb / blnt ju{ kl/ifb u/L % j6f kl/ifbx?sf] u7g eO{ nlIft sfo{s|dsf nflu gu/kflnsfaf6 ah]6 ljlgof]hg u/L ;f]xL kl/ifb dfkm{t ljleGg ;Lkd"ns, /f]huf/d"ns tyf Ifdtf ljsf;;DaGwL sfo{s|dx? ;~rfng eO/x]sf] pQm tflnd sfo{s|daf6 l;s]sf] l;k pkof]u ub}{ *^% hgf JolStx?n] ljleGg n3' tyf ;fgf pBdx?sf] :yfkgf u/L j:t'x?sf] pTkfbg ul/Psf,] pQm ;fdfu|Lx?sf] jhf/Ls/0fsf nflu gu/kflnsfaf6 sf];]nL 3/sf] :yfkgf u/L ljls| ljt/0fsf] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] ;fy} afhf/Ls/0fsf nflu ljleGg ;+3÷;+:yfx?;Fu ;dGjo u/L;xsfo{ cufl8 a9fOPsf] . • o'jf kl/ifb cGt{ut gu/sf] ;j} j8fx?df o'jfx?sf] v]ns'b ljsf;nfO{ dWo]gh/ u/L v]ns'bsf ;fdfu|Lx?sf] ljt/0f ul/g'sf ;fy} j8f gDa/ & / * df lhd ;]G6/sf] :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 . o;n] o'jfx?nfO{ cg'zfl;t / :j:Yo /xgsf nflu dxTTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5 . • dfgl;s ;d:of ePsf o'jfx? hf] pkrf/sf] s|ddf ljleGg :jf:Yo tyf ;'wf/ u[xx?df /x]sf 5g\ To:tf o'jfx?sf] pkrf/sf nflu cg'bfg :j?k k|ltJolSt ? !),))).)) k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . • blnt kl/ifb cGt{ut k/Dk/fut ?kdf ;~rfng eO/x]sf cf/gsf] ;'wf/sf nflu ut aif{ ( j6f / of] aif{ ( j6f u/L hDdf !* j6f cf/gnfO{ cfw'lgsLs/0f ul/Psf] 5 . • o; gu/kflnsfsf] j8f gDa/ ( / !! df blntx?sf] cfocfh{g j[låsf nflu # ;]6 Aof08 afhf ;d'xut ?kdf ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . • ljBfno / dxfljBfnodf cWoog/t blnt 5fq 5fqfx?nfO{ k|ltJolSt ? !)/!) xhf/sf b/n] 5fqj[lQ k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . • blnt kl/ifb / dlxnf kl/ifb\ u/L hDdf #) hgf JolStx?nfO{ df]6/ 8«fOleËsf] tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . • dlxnf kl/ifb cGt{ut #) j6f l;nfO{ d]lzg / !@% j6f Knfli6s 6g]n vl/b u/L ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . o;n] dlxnfx?sf] cfocfh{gdf 6]jf k'Ug] ck]Iff lnOPsf] 5 . • cfkfËtf ePsf JolStx?nfO{ lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo jLdfsf ;fy;fy} ljleGg vfnsf ;xfotf ;fdfu|Lx? -alx/f ckfËtf ePsfx?nfO{ sfgdf /fVg] d]lzg, lXjnlro/, j};fvL cflb_ ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . • cflbjf;L hghflt kl/ifb cGtu{t tfdfË hfltx?sf] afhf ;+/If0f ug{sf nflu % j6f j8fx?df nfdfx?sf] afhf ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . o;n] tfdfË df}lns afhfx?sf] ;+/If0fsf ;fy;fy} tfdfË ;+:s[ltsf] hu]gf{df d2t k'Ug] 5 . • ;g\ @)@) ;Dd afnd}qL gu/ agfpg] cleofg cGt/ut o; gu/kflnsfsf] ^ j6f j8fx? afnd}qL j8f 3f]if0ff eO;s]sf] / cfhsf] o; ;df/f]xdf yk ^ j6f j8fx? afnd}qL j8f 3f]if0ff u/L cfh xfdL l;Ëf] gu/kflnsfnfO{g} afnd}qL 3f]if0ff ug{ uO/x]sf] Joxf]/f d oxfFx? ;dIf uj{sf ;fy k|:t't ug{ rfxG5' . • !@ j6} j8fdf afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g cGt{utsf] ;"rs k""/f ug{sf nflu afnd}qL kfs{ lgdf{0f ul/Psf] . • PsLs[t hUuf ljsf; cfof]hgfsf] /f]lsPsf] sfdnfO{ o; rfn" cfly{s jif{ leq ;DkGg ug]{ u/L sfd e}/x]sf] . • :yfgLo txnfO{ 3 ju{ lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] cg'dlt kq lbg] clwsf/ k|fKt eP kl5 w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf 7]ufgf ePsf lgdf{0f Joj;foxL?sf] kmfon lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltaf6 x:tfGt/0f eO{ cfPsf]df xfn;Dd #% j6f kmd{ gljs/0f, * j6f gofF btf{ ul/Psf]. • $^ j6f u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? gjLs/0f tyf % j6f afnu[x gjLs/0fsf nflu l;kmfl/z ul/Psf] . • dfgj clwsf/, h]i7 gful/s, /fli6«o afn lbj;, cGt/fli6«o ckfË lbj; / n}lËs lx+;f lj?¢sf] !^ lbg] cleofgx?, dfgj j]rljvg tyf cf];f/ k;f/ lj?4sf] sfo{s|d j8f tyf gu/ txdf eAotfsf ;fy ;DkGg ul/Psf] . • ckfËtf kl/rokq tyf afnjflnsf dfly x'g] zf/Ll/s dfgl;s b08 ;hfo tyf of}ghGo b'Jo{jxf/ Go"gLs/0f sfo{s|d / cGt/ k':tf x:tfGt/0f sfo{s|dx? ;~rfng ul/Psf] . • :jL; ;/sf/ / x]Ne]6f;;+usf] ;xof]udf o; rfn" cf=j=af6 ;'/lIft cfk|jf;g kl/of]hgfsf] z'?jft ul/Psf] 5 ;fy} o;af6 j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg tyf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] z'?jft ;d]t ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul//x]sf] ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yf l;ljs kmf]/d / gu/kflnsfsf] ;+o'Qm k|of;af6 lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no ejgdf cfk|jf;g ;DaGwL ;"rgf s]G›sf] :yfkgf u/L sd{rf/Lsf] ;d]t Joj:yf ul/Psf] . • a}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg] tyf uO;s]sf JolSt tyf pgLx?sf] kl/jf/nfO{ Jojl:yt tyf ;"rgfd"ns sfo{s|d ;~rfngsf nflu ;'/lIft cfk|jf;g sfo{s|d gu/sf ;j} j8fx?df ;~rfng ul/Psf] . • afnafnjflnsfx?sf] u'0f:t/Lotf, ljsf;, kf]if0f cj:yfsf] ;'wf/, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff cg'bfg Joj:yfkg, cleefjs sIff ;~rfng nufotsf k|efjsf/L sfo{s|d ;]e b lrN8«]gsf] ;xof]udf ;~rfng ul/Psf] . • o; sfo{s|d cGt{utsf] cleefjs sIff ;~rfngsf nflu o; gu/sf] j8fx?sf xfn !* hgf dlxnf ;xhstf{x? 5gf}6 u/L pgLx? Dffkm{t sfo{s|d ;~rfng ul/Psf] . • 8L Pkm cfO 8L, P 8L jL, hfOsf, l;k|]8, sf]Osf, o'lg;]km, ;]e b lrN8«]g, o' Pg 8L kL, hLPgPrP nufotsf ljsf; ;fem]bf/x?sf] ;xof]udf :yfgLo gfËzfn Pzf]l;ozg, zflGt hgcfbz{, l;les kmf]/d, z}lIfs ;zlQms/0f s]G›, sIffno, l;of; nufotsf /fli6«o u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] cu'jfO{df sl/a #) s/f]8 nfutsf #! j6f ljleGg ljifout kl/of]hgfx? gu/kflnsf If]qleq;~rfngdf /x]sf] . • o; gu/kflnsfnfO{ afnd}qL gu/kflnsf agfpFgsf] nflu gu/sfo{kflnsfsf] klxnf] a}7sdfg} lg0f{P eP adf]lhd z'?sf] aif{ ! s/f]8 /sd ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] lyof] eg] o; rfn" cf=j= df ;d]t ? %) nfv ah]6 ljlgof]hg ePsf] lyof] . pQm ah]6sf] 7'nf] lx:;f gu/kflnsfsf] ;a} j8fx?df afnd}qL kfs{ nufotsf] k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f / vr{ ePsf] / ;ˆ6j]o/sf] If]qdf s]xL ah]6 vr{ ul/Psf] . • o; aif{ o; gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf afnSnax?sf] Ifdtf ljsf;, %$ j6f afnSnax?sf nflu ljleGg ;fdfu|Lx?sf] ;xof]u, afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g k|j{¢{gsf nflu ˆn]S;, kf]i6/ / xf]l8{Ë af]8{sf] :yfkgf sfo{x? ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . afnd}qL j8f 3f]if0ff k"j{ % j6} j8fx?sf] nufgL tyf /0fgLlts of]hgf lgdf{0f, k|f]kmfO{n tof/L, cj:yf ljZn]if0f nufotsf
sfo{x? ;d]t o; rfn" cf=j=df ;DdkGg ul/Psf] 5 . j8fx?nfO{ pknAw u/fO{Psf] k'/:sf/sf] /sdaf6 ^ j6} j8fdf ul/ ? !^ nfv %) xhf/ a/fj/sf] j8f afn;+/If0f tyf ;Da4{g pk;ldltsf] gfddf afn cIfo sf]ifsf] :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 . pQm /sdaf6 j8fx?n] ljleGg k|f/lDes afnljsf; s]G›sf] ;+/rgf ;'wf/, afnd}qL kfs{sf] nflu ;fdfu|L vl/b, v]ns'bdf k|f]T;fxg nufotsf sfo{ o; rfn" cf=j=df ;DkGg ePsf 5g . ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tkm{ w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] ;du| ljsf; tyf cfufdL lbgdf gu/kflnsfsf] efjL b"/ufdL of]hgfsf ;DaGwdf k|fyldstf If]q lgwf{/0f ;lxtsf] @) aif]{ Vision Paper tof/L / ;f] sf] cfwf/df ljleGg !& j6f ljifo If]q ;d]6]sf] PsLs[t gu/ ljsf; of]hgfsf] th{'df u/L ;f]xL adf]lhd sfo{s|d ;~rfng eO{/x]sf] . • gu/kflnsfdf sl/a % s/f]8 nufgLdf &)) Ifdtfsf] ;ef xn lgdf{0f tyf ? @ s/f]8 nfutdf ko{6sLo b[li6n] cToGt} dxTjk"0f{ b]jL:yfg kfs{sf] lgdf{0f tyf w'lnv]n d'Vo jhf/df ;lkË sDKn]S; lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 eg] w'lnv]n dgf]/~hg kfs{df sf]z]nL3/ tyf k;n sjn lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . o;n] gu/kflnsfsf] cfGtl/s ;|f]t kl/rfngdf yk 6]jf k'u]sf] 5 . Ps} k6s &)) hgf a:g] Ifdtfsf] ;ef xn hxfF cfh xfdL #% cf}+ :yfkgf lbj; dgfO/x]sf 5f}F . • DFID sf] k|fljlws ;xof]udf w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf leqsf sl/j !@=% lsdL ;8ssf] gfnL tyf lkr dd{tsf] sfo{ ;Dkg ul/Psf] . • w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] Ps 3/ Ps wf/f gLlt cg';f/ o; cf=j= sf] clGtd ;Dddf gu/kflnsfsf ^ j6f j8fdf k"0f{ ?kdf vfg]kfgL ;'ljwf k'¥ofpg'sf ;fy} cfufdL cf j df $ j6f j8f / xfd|f] sfo{sfn leq g} ;j} j8fdf Ps 3/ Ps wf/ k'0f{ ?kdf nfu" ug{ ;Sg] ul/ sfo{ cuf8L j8fOPsf] 5 . xfn ;Dd %^#& 3/w'/Ldf Ps 3/ Ps wf/f k'u]sf] klg d oxfFx?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpF5' . • k"jf{wf/ ljsf; cGtu{t o; cf=j=df u|fj]n ;8s @!,)*) ld6/, gofF 6«ofs !@,)@% ld6/, lkr ;8s #@@) ld6/, sh–j] %* dL6/, kSsL gfnL !),#&% dL6/ / ;8s 9nfg @@@% dL6/sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ul/Psf] 5 eg] o; cf=j= df gu/kflnsfaf6 #!& 3/ gS;f kf; ul/Psf] 5. • k'glg{df{0ftkm{ hDdf nfeu|fxL ;+Vof ^!)* dWo] xfn;Dd k|yd ls:tf k|fKt ug]{ %^$$ -(@ k|ltzt_, bf];|f] ls:tf k|fKt ug]{ nfeu|fxLsf] ;+Vof $!@@ -^& k|ltzt_ / t];|f] ls:tf k|fKt ug]{ nfeu|fxLsf] ;+Vof #^^& cyf{t -^)k|ltzt_ /x]sf] 5 . • w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf j8f g+ !@ / gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsf hf]8\g] z+v]Zj/L k'n lgdf{0f sfo{ ? ! s/f]8 !% nfv nfutdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . k|b]z ;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf bfxfn6f/ zª\v' PSn]v]t ;8s # s/f]8, lj lk /fhdfu{ 7"ln6f/ ltglkKn] ;8s ? @ s/f]8, w'lnv]n kgf}tL ;8s ! s/f]8 *) nfv , 8'F8fd'v b]jL6f/ ! s/f]8, 8fF8fufpF sN5] ;8s ? ! s/f]8, , >Lv08k'/ rf}sf]6 ;8s ? ! s/f]8, lkknaf]6 el§8fF8f %) nfv, w'lnv]n gofF j:tL sf]6fle/ kf}jf6f/ ;8s ? %) nfvsf of]hgfx? ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . To:t}u/L ;j} j8f s]G›x? hf]8\g] ;8ssf ?kdf w'lnv]n /ljcf]kL b]jL6f/ ;8s *) nfv, lj lk /fhdfu{ zf/bf jtf;] zª\v' ;8s *) nfv, el§8fF8f sfe|] e~HofË ;8s *) nfv ah]6df ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . • l;+rfO tkm{ ADB sf] # s/f]8 # nfv nufgLdf lwtfn vf]nf l;+rfO cfof]hgf clGtd r/0fdf k'u]sf], To:t} u/L s[lif ljsf; lgb]{zgfno x]6f}8fsf] ;xof]udf z+v'vf]nf bf]efg /f]zL PSn]v]t lnˆ6 l;+rfO cfof]hgf, k|b]z ;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf ^) nfv nfutdf sdnfdfO{ l;+rfO{ of]hgf ;DkGg eO{;s]sf 5g . • ADB sf] ;xof]u tyf lghL If]qsf] ;fem]bf/Ldf kmf]xf]/d}nf k|zf]wg s]G› lgdf{0fsf] nflu DPR tof/ eO{ lgdf{0fsf] r/0fdf /x]sf] 5 eg] lbzfhGo n]bf] Joj:yfkg kl/of]hgf -Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation_ g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf] ;xsfo{df DPR ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;fy} >Lv08k'/ 9n k|zf]wg s]G›sf] Ifdtf j[l4sf] nflu sfo{ eO/x]sf] 5 . • w'lnv]n /+uzfnfsf] o; cf=j=df sl/j %% s/f]8 nfutdf lgdf{0f ug{sf] nflu DPR tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . k|b]z ;/sf/sf] ? @% nfv ;xof]udf Kof/flk6 lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 ;fy} o; rfn' cf=j=df lgdf{0f sfo{ x'g] u/L yk ? @% nfv ah]6 ljlgof]hg ePsf] 5 . pQm /ËzfnfnfO{ If]qLo :t/sf] km'6an :6]l8odsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{sf] nflu gofF zx/ ljsf; cfof]hgf dfkm{t ? #& sf/f]8 ah]6 ljlgof]hgsf nflu kxn ePsf] 5 . pQm cfof]hgf lgdf{0f kZrft k|f/lDes r/0fdf $%)) l;6 Ifdtfsf] :6]l8od lgdf{0f x'g]5 eg] k"0f{ ?kdf sfo{ ;DkGg x'Fbf ( xhf/ l;6 Ifdtfsf] :6]l8od lgdf{0f x'g]5 . • ;+3Lo ;/sf/ zx/L ljsf; dGqfno cGtu{t j8f g+ # / $ df ? !* s/f]8 nfutdf 9n k|zf]wg s]G›sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ eO/x]sf] 5 . • w'lnv]n gu/leq cf}Bf]lus ljsf; ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug] of]hgfsf] ?kdf j8f g+ !) df ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf] (@ nfv ;xof]udf cf}Bf]lus u|fd lgdf{0f sfo{ cufl8 j9fOPsf] 5 . • !%)) 3/w'/L df vfg]kfgL ;'ljwf k'¥ofpFg] nIo lnOPsf]df o; cf=j=df #%) 3/w'/Ldf vfg]kfgL hf]l8;lsPsf] / afFsL !$)) 3/w'/Ldf vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfx?sf] k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f sfo{ () k|ltzt ;DkGg eO;s]sf] 5 . o; rfn" cf=j=sf] cGTo ;Dddf @@)) 3/w'/Ldf Jojl:yt vfg]kfgL Ps 3/ Ps wf/f dfkm{t k'¥ofOg] 5 . • w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfnfO{ ko{6sLo cfsif{0fsf] s]G› agfpg] ;Gbe{df /fi6« lgdf{tf >L % a8fdxf/fhlw/fh k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx, dbg e08f/Lsf] zflns ;lxtsf] kfs{ lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg u/L k|wfgdGqL s]kL zdf{ cf]nLHo"af6 ;d'b\3f6g eO;s]sf] 5 eg], u'?k|;fb d}gfnL, ane› s'Fj/, /fhg sf]O/fnf, d~h'>Lsf] zflns ;lxtsf] kfs{, ci6«]lnog kfs{, :6f]g kfs{, lkË8fF8f a'4 zflGt kfs{, ;]tLb]jL kfs{ h:tf kfs{x?sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ eO/x]sf] 5 . To:t} gu/kflnsfsf] Ps j8f Ps kfs{ gLlt cg';f/ x/]s j8fdf afnd}qL kfs{ lgdf{0f sfo{ ;~rfng eO/x]sf] 5 . • w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] kxndf zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg l8lehg sfof{noaf6 sfof{Gjog x'g] u/L j8f g+= #, $ / ^ df l6«6d]G6 Knf06 ;lxtsf] 9n Joj:yfkgsf] nflu !* s/f]8 nfutdf 9n /fVg] sfo{ ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . • w'lnv]nsf] ;du| ljsf;df dxTj /fVg] Dream Land Project, Medicity Hospital / Plss[t kmf]xf]/d}nf k|zf]wg s]Gb| lgdf{0f sfof{Gjogsf nflu nufgL jf]8{df k|:tfj k]z ul/Psf]df pQm k|:tfj :jLs[t eO{ sfo{ k|f/Desf] r/0fdf /x]sf] 5 . • k|b]z ;/sf/sf] sl/j (@ nfvsf] k|f/lDes ;xof]udf o; gu/kflnsfsf] j8f g+ ( / !) sf] l;dfgfdf cf}Bf]lus u|fd :yfkgfsf] nflu DPRtof/ ul/ sfo{ cufl8 a9fOPsf] 5 . • w'lnv]n j8f g+ @ /ljaf6 kfFrvfn hf]8\g] ;8s sfnf]kq] ug{ ? @) s/f]8sf] nfutdf lgdf{0fsf nflu 7]Ssf k|s[of ;DkGg eO{ @=@ ls=ld= ;8s sfnf] kq] eO{ yk cGo sfo{ eO{/x]sf] 5 . • w'=g=kf= @ /lj lnˆ6 l;+rfO{ cfof]hgfsf nflu k|b]z ;/sf/sf] ;dk'/s cg'bfg ? ! s/f]8 / g=kf=sf] ? ! s/f]8 ul/ hDdf ? @ sf/f]8 nfutdf lgdf{0f eO{/x]sf] pQm of]hgfsf] xfn @% k|ltzt ef}lts pknlAw xfl;n ul/Psf] 5 . • k|b]z ;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf o; gu/sf] j8f gDa/ ! cGt{ut 8'8fd'v b]lj6f/ 3'dfpFg]rf}/ km]bL ;8s cfof]hgfsf] nflu ? #% s/f]8 ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 . • ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf] ;dk'/s cg'bfg cGt{ut ;8s ;f]nf/ alQ h8fg sfo{sf] nflu ! sf/f]8 !# af“sL $ k]hdf
r]i6f ;fKtflxs nfv ljlgof]hg ePsf]df a/fa/ /sd gu/fklnsfaf6 yk u/L s'n @ s/f]8 @^ nfvsf] nfutdf ;f]nf/ ;8s aQL h8fg sfo{sf] z'?jft ul/Psf] 5 . • o; gu/sf] j8f gDa/ ( df lgdf{0f x'g] k|b]z:t/Lo ;]km xfp; lgdf{0fsf] nflu # /f]kgL hUuf gu/kflnsfaf6 Joj:yf u/L sfo{ cl3 a9fOPsf] ;fy} pQm j8fdf k|b]z :t/Lo d]l8sn Nofa lgdf{0f sfo{ cl3 a9fOPsf] 5 . • j8f gDa/ ^ df k|b]z:t/Lo lakb uf]bdf 3/sf] lgdf{0f z?jft ul/Psf] 5 . • o;} gu/sf] j8f gDa/ ( df ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf Ps kflnsf Ps c:ktfn sfo{s|d cGtu{t !% z}of Ifdtfsf] c:ktfn !* s/f]8sf] nfutdf lgdf{0fsf nflu DPR tof/ u/L 7]Ssf k|s[ofdf /x]sf] 5 . • w'lnv]n b]lj:yfg 7'nf] ag If]qdf ckfËd}qL O{sf] 6«]n lgdf{0fsf nflu DPR tof/ eO{ zx/L ljsf; dGqfnosf] gofF zx/ cfof]hgf cGt{ut %) nfv a/fa/sf] sfo{ ug]{ u/L k|s[of cl3 a9fOsf] 5 . ;fy} gofF zx/ cfof]hgf sfof{noaf6 x'g] u/L w'lnv]n j8f gDa/ ! b]jL6f/df #) nfv nfut a/fa/sf] lk; kfs{ tyf j8f gDa/ !) df &) nfv a/fa/sf] w'lnv]n dfp06]g :kf]6{ tflnd s]Gb| lgdf{0fsf] k|s[ofdf /x]sf] 5 . • w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf / sf7df8f}F ljZjljBfnosf] ;+o"Qm nufgLdf o; gu/sf] j8f gDa/ ( df cGt/f{li6«o vuf]n lj1fg cWoog s]Gb| lgdf{0fsf] nflu k|s[of cl3 a9fOPsf] 5 . • sfe|] pkTosf Plss[t vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfsf] s'n lgdf{0f sfo{sf] (& k|ltzt lgdf{0f eO{;s]sf]df w'lnv]n gu/ If]q leqsf] rf}sf]6 hS;gdf kfgL cfO{;s]sf] / s]xL ;do leq ;Dk"0f{ 6+\ofsL, kfO{k tyf l/h{eo/sf] 6]l:6Ë sfo{ ;DkGg eO{;s]sf] 5 . • ;+ro sf]if, gu/ ljsf; sf]if / gu/kflnsfsf] ;+o"Qm kxndf o; gu/kflnsfsf] j8f gDa/ $ df ;+rflnt Plss[t hUuf ljsf; cfof]hgfsf] sfo{ cl3 a9fO{Psf] 5 . • gu/kflnsfsf] ahf/ If]qdf P]ltxfl;s ;+u|xfno lgdf{0fsf ;fy} j8f gDa/ $, ^ / & df zx/L :jf:Yo s]Gb lgdf{0f clGtd cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 . • ko{6g k|j{4gsf nflu w'lnv]n dgf]/~hg kfs{ dd{t, k;n san lgdf{0f u/L k|b]z :t/Lo lrl8of vfgf lgdf{0f sfo{ cl3 a9fOPsf] 5 . • Ujfsf]{ nfs'/L eGHofË, kgf}tL bfxfn6f/ zªv'kf6Lrf}/ PSn]v]t rf}sL8Ff8f ;8s cGt{ut # s/f]8sf] nufgLdf w'lnv]n v08df sfd eO/x]sf] 5 . lzIfftkm{ • afx| -!@_ j6f ;fd'bflos ljBfnodf kmlg{r/ / zf}rfno ;d]tsf] Joj:yf ePsf] ljBfno ejg lgdf{0f ;DkGg e} ljBfnonfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] ;fy} b'O{ j6f ljBfnosf nflu ;'ljwf ;DkGg sIffsf]7f;lxtsf] ejg lgdf{0fsf nflu ;fem]bf/ ;+:yf;Fu ;dGjo / ;Demf}tf e} lgdf{0f sfo{ eO{/x]sf] . • z}lIfs u'0f:t/ ;'wf/sf nflu hgzlQm Joj:yfkg cGtu{t ljBfyL{ ;+Vof / e"uf]n;d]tsf cfwf/df ljBfno ;dfof]hg ul/g'sf ;fy} cfj @)&^.)&& df $ j6f ljBfno ;dfof]hg u/L @$ hgf lzIfs / # hgf ;xof]uL sfo{stf{sf] b/aGbL ldnfg ul/g'sf ;fy} o; cfjdf ^ j6f k|fylds txsf ljBfno uflePsf] / Ps cfwf/e"t txsf] ljBfnosf] sIff ^-* :yug ul/Psf] / !% hgf lzIfs / @ hgf ;xof]uL sfo{stf{sf] b/aGbL ldnfg u/L Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] . • o; gu/kflnsfsf] k|fylds txsf] s'n b/aGbL !*$ dWo] ljBfyL{ ;+Vof Go"g b]lvPsf]n] /fli6«o b/aGbL ldnfgdf *! hgf k|fylds txsf] lzIfs k'ndf /x]sf] / v'b k'ndf /x]sf] #&+!) b/aGbL ldnfgsf nflu l/Qm ^ j6f k|fylds b/aGbL @)&&.)^.)^ df lzIff ljsf; tyf ;dGjo OsfOdf k7fO ;lsPsf] . afFsL b/aGbL s§f u/L k7fpgsf nflu gu/kflnsfn] :j}lR5s ?kdf cjsf; x'g rfxg] k]G;g eO;s]sf :yfoL lzIfsx?sf nflu ;'ljwf / ;Ddfg ;lxtsf] of]hgf k|:tfj u/L !@ hgf lzIfsx?nfO{ ? !% nfv %) xhf/ ;'ljwf k|bfg u/L l/Qm b/aGbL k7fOPsf] . • /fli6«o b/aGbL ldnfgsf] qmddf l/Qm u/L k7fOPsf ljBfno nufot k'n sfod ul/Psf lzIfsx? k'gM Joj:yfkg ug{ cfGtl/s b/aGbL ldnfg u/L %% hgf lzIfs Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] . • afnd}qL lzIf0f k4ltnfO{ hf]8 lbFb} k|fylds txaf6 g} z}lIfs u'0f:t/ ;'lglZrt ug{ cGt/fli6«o u}x|;/sf/L ;+:yf / :yfgLo ;fem]bf/ ;+:yf;d]tsf] ;xsfo{df !@ afx| j6f ljBfnosf] !^ j6f sIfdf ax'sIff ax':t/ (MGML) k4ltaf6 l;sfO ;xhLs/0f ul/Psf] / rfn" cfjdf ^ j6f ljBfnodf nfu" ug]{ u/L gu/ lzIff ;ldltaf6 ljBfno 5gf}6 ul/;lsPsf] . • sIff !-# sf] :yfgLo kf7\oqmd k|sfzg u/L ;a} ljBfnodf nfu" ul/Psf] . sIff !–# sf] kf7\ok':ts lgdf{0f ug]{u/L of]hgf cufl8 a9]sf] . • ljBfno lzIffsf] Joj:yfkgsf nflu sfg'gL ;+/rgfsf] ?kdf lzIff sfo{ljlw @)&$ kfl/t e} nfu" ePsf] ;fy} 5}7f} gu/ ;efaf6 w'lnv]n lzIff P]g @)&^ kfl/t ePsf] . P]g adf]lhd ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7gsf] k|s[of gu/kflnsfaf6 ;xhLs/0f e} ;a} ljBfnodf ljJo; u7g eO;s]sf] . z}lIfs u'0f:t/ ljsf;sf nflu of]Uotf k'u]sf k|wfgfWofks Joj:yfsf nflu k|s[ofsf] yfngL ePsf], ljBfno ;dfof]hg / lzIfs b/aGbL ldnfg tyf k'gMljt/0f e}/x]sf] . ljifout b/aGbL sd ePsf ljBfnodf dfWolds txsf] l;sfO ;xhLs/0fsf nflu gu/kflnsfsf] cfGtl/s ;|f]taf6 b/aGbL Joj:yfkg u/L # ljBfnodf lj1fg / cË|]hL ljifosf] lzIfs v6fOPsf] . gu/ :t/Lo lzIfs 5gf}6 ;ldltn] gu/ leq l/Qm /x]sf lzIfssf] kbk"lt{sf] k/LIff ;~rfng Joj:yfkg ug]{ u/]sf] . • d]o/;Fu ljBfyL{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/L ljBfyL{sf] ;d:of k|To]If ?kdf a'‰g] / ;f] ;d:ofnfO{ gLltut ?kdf Joj:yfkg ug]{ yfngL ul/Psf] . • /fd|f ljBfnosf] cEof;af6 l;sfO ug]{u/L z}lIfs cjnf]sg e|d0fsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] . • lzIfsx?sf] k/LIff Joj:yfkg / ;~rfng l;k ljsf; u/L kf7\oqmdsf] d"NofÍg k|0ffnL / ljlzi6Ls/0f tflnsfsf cfwf/df k|Zg kq lgdf{0f ug{ cfO6d /fOl6ªsf] tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf] ;fy} lzIfs lgld{t k|Zgkqaf6 gu/ :t/Lo k/LIff ;ldlt dfkm{t\ ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf ;a} sIff -sIff ! b]lv !@ ;Ddsf]_ sf] k/LIff ;~rfng ug]{ ul/Psf] / d"NofÍg k4ltdf ;do ;fk]If ;'wf/ ul/Psf] . • lzIfs sd{rf/Lsf] tna eQf dfl;s ?kdf e'QmfgL lbg] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] . afnljsf; s]G›sf ;xhstf{x?sf nflu Psd'i6 ? !) xhf/ k|f]T;fxg /sd pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] / gkfaf6 lzIfs sd{rf/Lx?sf] JolQmut vftfdf tnaeQf k7fpg] u/L tof/L eO{ /x]sf] . • z}lIfs u'0f:t/ ;'wf/sf nflu sf7df8f}F ljZj ljBfno, hd{g g]kfn x]Nk Pzf]l;ozg, z}lIfs ;zQmLs/0f s]G›, ;]r]g s?0ff, sIffno / lrNnf] kft 86sd nufotsf ;+:yf;Fu ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ eO/x]sf] . • w'lnv]n leq ;~rflnt @ j6f :gfts txsf sn]hdf cWoog ug]{ ;a} 5fq5fqf w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf :yfoL jfl;Gbf_ nfO{ lgMz'Ns 5fqj[ltsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] . • lzIffsf gjLgtd lrGtg / gofF lzIf0f ljlw;lxtsf] lzIfsnfO{ pTk|]/0ffTds tflndsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] . • k|To]s j8fdf Ps gd"gf ljBfno ljsf; ug]{ p2]Zofg'?k cfj @)&^÷&& b]lv tLg j6f ljBfno 5gf}6 u/L sfof{Gjogsf] yfngL ul/Psf] . rfn" cfjdf yk 5 j6f ljBfnonfO{ gd"gf ljBfno ljsf; ug]{ u/L ljBfnox?;Fu k|:tfj dfu ul/;lsPsf] . o; cfjb]lv gu/sf] gf} j6f ljBfno gd"gf ljBfno x'g] / /fli6«o :t/sf] Ps gd"gf ljBfn /x]sf] pQm ljBfnodf k|fljlws wf/sf] l;len Ol~hlgol/ª ljifosf] k7gkf7g -sIff ( b]lv !@_ ;~rfng eO{ /x]sf] . • lgoldt ?kdf dfl;s k|c a}7s ;~rfng u/L ljBfno lzIffsf] ;'zf;g / kf/blz{tf sfod ul/Psf] ;fy} /fd|f cEof;sf] cjnf]sg dfkm{t\ cg'ej cfbfg÷k|bfgsf] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] . • hxfF ljBfyL{ ToxfF lzIfs eGg] dfGotfdf sf]le8–!( sf] dxfdf/Ldf ;d]t a}slNks dfWodaf6 ljBfnosf] l;sfO ;xhLs/0f ul/Psf] . ljBfnosf] cfˆg} kxndf x]nf] l;sfO, kmf]g Og, Dof;]Gh/ u|'k, cgnfOg lzIf0f cflb a}slNks dfWodaf6 l;sfO ;xhLs/0f ul/Psf] . w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf / k|fOd PkmPd;Fusf] ;xsfo{df @)&&.)@.!% b]lv sIff * b]lv !) sf clgjfo{ ljifosf] /]l8of] kf7zfnf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf] To;sf] k|efjsfl/tfsf cfwf/df @)&&.)#.)! b]lv w'lnv]n / ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf] nfut ;f]em]bf/Ldf k|fOd PkmPd;Fu sIff ^ b]lv !);Ddsf] ;a} clgjfo{ ljifosf] /]l8of] kf7zfnf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf] . • j:tL j:tLdf ljBfno, 6f]n6f]ndf lzIfsM ;'/Iff ;fjwfgL;lxt 3/3/df l;sfO h:tf gf/f;lxt ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] dfkb08sf] k"0f{ kfngf ub}{ sf]le8sf] dxfdf/Ldf ;d]t 3'lDt ljBfnosf] ?kdf lzIfsx? 6f]n6f]ndf uO{ ;-;fgf ;d"xdf lzIf0f l;sfO ;xhLs/0f ul/Psf] . cleefjsf] lgu/fgLdf 3/dfk/LIff;d]t ;~rfng ug]{ gd"gf cEof; ul/Psf] . • k|ljlwd}qL lzIfs ;dfh sfe|]sf] ;dGjodf ;a} lzIfssf nflu cfof]lht k|ljlwd}qL j]l;s cgnfOg tflnddf lzIfsx? ;xefuL u/fOPsf] ;fy} ;f]xL ;+:yfsf] ;dGjodf ;~rflnt bf];|f] r/0fsf] l6lrª 6"N;;lxtsf] P8efG; tflnddf lzIfsx?nfO{ ;xefuL u/fOPsf] . • lzIff tflnd s]G› w'lnv]nsf] ;xsfo{df afnljsf; s]G›sf #^ hgf ;xhstf{nfO{ % lbg] cfwf/e"t k'gtf{huL tflnd ;~rfng ul/Psf] . ul0ft, cË|]hL / ;fdflhs ljifosf] lzIfssf nflu l6lk8L tflnd ;~rfng ul/Psf] . lzIff ljsf; tyf ;dGjo OsfOsf] ;xsfo{df n]vf sd{rf/LnfO{ tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf] . sIff ! b]lv # ;Ddsf] PsLs[t kf7\oqmd / :yfgLo kf7\oqmdsf] k|jf]wLs/0f tflnd ;~rfngsf] tof/Ldf /x]sf] . • ;fIf/ gu/kflnsf 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] . ;fd'bflos l;sfO s]G› dfkm{t lg/Gt/ lzIffnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOPsf] . • ljBfyL{sf] cGt/lglxt Ifdtfsf] klxrfg u/L ;jf{lË0f Ifdtf ljsf; ug{ ;xlqmofsnfk ;~rfngsf] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] ;fy} cfufdL z}lIfs ;qaf6 nfu" x'g] u/L cltl/Qm lqmofsnfk ;~rfngsf nflu ofqL lzIfs Joj:yfkgsf nflu ah]6 ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] . • ;a} ljBfnodf ljBfno ;'wf/sf nflu kfFr jifL{o of]hgf lgdf{0f / cWofjlws u/fOPsf] . • ljleGg ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ;xof]udf gu/kflnsf leq !@ j6f ljBfnox?sf] !)@ j6f sIff sf]7fsf] lgdf{0f ;DkGg ul/g'sf ;fy} @ j6f ljBfnosf] ejg xfn lgdf{0fsf] r/0fdf /x]sf] . :jf:Yotkm{ • ljZjdf km}lnPsf] dfxfdf/L ;+;f/sf] r'gf}tL ag] klg w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf :jf:Yo zfvfn] o;nfO{ :jf:Yo If]q ljsf;sf] cj;/sf] ?kdf pkof]u ug{ ;kmn ePsf] b]lvG5 . :jf:Yo If]qdf cnu klxrfg :j:y zx/ w'lnv]n -Healthy City Dhulikhel_ agfpg] p2]Zosf ;fy cfˆg} df}lns sfo{qmdx?sf ;fy w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfn] :jf:Yo If]qdf sfo{
$& z'?jft ul//x]sf] 5. ljZjsf zlQmzfnL b]zx?nfO{ sf]/f]gfsf] ;ª\qmd0fn] xfon sfon kfg{' k'j{ g} gu/kflnsfn] rLgsf] j'xfgdf s]; e]l6Psf] ;"rgf k|fKt ugf{;fy cfˆgf gful/sdf sf]/f]gfsf] k|ltsf/sf nflu ;r]t /xFb} ? @ nfv /sdsf] df:s tyf ;]gL6fOh/ h:tf ;fdfu|Lx? vl/b u/L tof/L cj:yfdf /x]sf]. ;d'bfosf j:tL :t/df Aofks kf]i6/ kDKn]6 ljt/0f b]lv l8:OGkm]S;g ug]{ sfo{ pbfx/0fLo ?kdf ;~rfng ul/Psf] . dfxfdf/Lsf] 89]nf] lbg k|ltlbg km}ln/x]sf] cj:yfdf w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfn] eg] :jf:Yo ;+:yf gePsf $ j6f j8fx?df cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;+:yfx? :yfkgf ub}{ hgtfsf] dfemdf :jf:YosdL{x?sf] pkl:ylt a9fO/x]sf] lyof]. • dfxfdf/Lsf] k|sf]k a9\b} hfg] ;+s]t b]lvg] lalQs} gu/kflnsfn] ! s/f]8 ?k}ofFsf] cfly{s sf]if :yfkgf u/L dfxfdf/L lgoGq0fdf sfo{ yfngL u¥of] . Sjf/]G6fOg ;~rfng cGt/fli6«o ladfg :yn b]lv lhNnfsf cGo :yfgLo tx;Dd dflg;nfO{ k'¥ofpg] bfloTj tyf rf}/Lb]p/fnL, dfxfef/t tyf vfgLvf]nf h:tf yk ltg ufpFklnsfsf gful/sx? ;d]tsf] Sjf/]G6fOg ;~rfng u/L ;xsfo{ / eft[Tj ljsf;sf sfo{ ;kmntf k'j{s ;DkGg u¥of] . w'lnv]n gu/df /x]sf] Sjf/]G6fOgaf6 vfgkfg, :jf:Yo ;]jf tyf dgf]k/fdz{ ;]jf ;d]t lgMz'Ns ?kdf $(% hgfn] k|fKt ug{' eof] . ;'?jftL r/0fdf !))) hgfsf] a:tL :t/df lgz'Ns lk l; cf/ kl/If0f u/L ;]jf la:tf/ u/]sf]df kl5 yk !%)) hgfsf] lkl;cf/ kl/If0f ug{ ;kmn eof]. k|b]z :t/sf] afudtL k|b]z hg:jf:Yo k|of]uzfnf w'lnv]n j8f g+=& ;~hLjgL xf]:6naf6 ;'?u/L eQmk'/, l;Gw'nL, /fd]5fk nufotsf lhNnfsf gd'gf kl/If0f u/fpg ;d]t k|b]z ;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf ;kmn ePsf] 5 . • pRr dgf]jn ;lxt j8f :t/df /fxt lat/0fdf xf];\ jf h]i7 gful/sx?sf] /Iffy{ hgk|ltlglwsf] ;fdflhs kl/rfngdf cAan e"ldsf /Xof] . ljz]if1 ;]jf k|jfx ug]{ w'lnv]n c:ktfnsf d]xgtL / h'emf? sd{rf/Lx? / cxf]/fq vl6g] ;/sf/L ;]jfsf :jf:YosdL{ x/]s ;dodf cfkm' / kl/jf/sf] kjf{x gu/L vl6/x]. w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfn] sfe|] / cf;kf;sf $) lhNnfx?nfO{ ;d]t ;d]6\g] u/L /]l8of] sfo{qmd æxfd|f] :jf:Yo xfd|} ;/f]sf/æ dfkm{t Aofks hgr]tgf cleofg xfn;Dd g} cgOo/ ul//x]sf] 5 . gu/df /x]sf :jf:YosdL{x?, gu/kflnsfsf sd{rf/Lx?, ljBfnosf lzIs sd{rf/Lx?, ckfË tyf h]i7 gful/sx¿sf] sf]/f]gf aLdf gu/kflnsfn] u/fPsf] lyof] kl5Nnf] ;dodf sf]/f]gf la?Wbsf] vf]k ;]jf nlIft au{nfO{ w'lnv]n c:ktfndf tyf ;d'bfosf laleGg :yfgdf pknAw u/fpg ;d]t gu/kflnsfsf :jf:YosdL{x? bQlrQ e} vl6O/x]sf 5g\ . • dfgl;s :jf:Yosf] ;d:of sd ug{ l;Pdl; g]kfnsf] ;xof]udf w'lnv]n k|fylds :jf:Yo s]G› dfkm{t dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{ ;]jf pknAw u/fO/x]sf] 5 . w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf j8f g+=( l:yt sfe|] e~HofËdf !% ;}ofsf] c:ktfn lznfGof; ;DkGg e} sfo{ ;'?jft ul/Psf] 5. gu/leqsf ;j} :jf:Yo rf}sL Joj:yfkg ;ldltx?nfO{ Ifdtf clej[l4 tflnd k|bfg u/L ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/ pRr /fVg] sfo{ ul/Psf] 5 eg] :jf:YosdL{x?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ PdPnkL / Pd Pg Pr ck8]6/ xfQLkfO{n] /f]u lgjf/0f tyf Nofjsf tflndx? k|bfg ul/Psf 5g\ .dlxnf :jo+ ;]ljsfnfO{ hgxL ? @%))sf b/n] ;~rf/ vr{ pknAw u/fO{ ;lsPsf] 5 . dfxfdf/Lsf]aLrdfg} bfb'/f ?j]nf SofDk, cfFvf lzlj/ tyf sf]le8 vf]k ;~rfng sfo{ ;kmntf k"j{s ;~rfng ul/Psf 5g\ . • sf]/f]gf /f]usf] hf]lvdnfO{ dWo]gh/ u/L &) jif{ dflysf ;j} Ho]i7 gful/s !%*$ hgf, ^) jif{ dflysf blnt Ho]i7 gful/s *% hgf / k"0f{ ckfËtf ePsf JolQm && hgf u/L hDdf !&$^ hgfsf] ? %) xhf/ a/fa/sf] / gu/kflnsf leq ;/;kmfOsf] nflu sfd ug]{ @) hgf ;/;kmfO{sdL{sf] ? ! nfv a/fa/sf] sf]/f]gf jLdf ul/Psf] 5 . s[lif tyf kz' ljsf; -cfly{s ljsf;_ tkm{ • l;k|]8sf] ;xof]udf o; gu/kflnsfsf] ljleGg j8fx?df slif ;Fu;DalGwt Resilent Mountain Solution (RMS), ls;fg @ kl/of]hgf / Speed of Life kl/of]hgf ;~rfng eO{ ljleGg sfo{s|d ;~Rffng eO/x]sf] 5 . • ;xsf/Lsf] lbuf] ljsf; tyf ahf/ Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;xsf/L ahf/ ljsf; sfo{s|d ;~rfng eO{ $ j6f ;xsf/Lx?df s[lif pkh 9'jfgLsf nflu $ j6f ;jf/L ;fwg pknAw u/fOPsf] 5 . • w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] s[lif If]qsf] ;du| / bLuf] ljsf;sf] nflu Ol;df]8/l;k|]8sf] ;xof]udf rf/ aifL{o s[lif ljsf; /0fgLlts of]hgf tof/ ul/Psf]df ;f]xL adf]lhd ljleGg sfo{s|dx? sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] 5 . • w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf, s[lif dGqfno / sf]Osf/o"Pgl8lksf] ;xof]udf o; gu/kflnsfsf] l;Gw'nL alb{af; ;8s sf]l/8f]/df kmnkm'n / t/sf/Lsf] >[vnf clej[l4 (Value chain) kl/of]hgf nfu" eO{ & j6f j8fx?df t/sf/L v]tL k|j{4g sfo{s|d ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 . • g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|fyldstfsf ;fy ;~rfng u/]sf] n3'pBd ljsf; sfo{s|d o; gu/kflnsfsf] xfn $ j6f j8fx? -j8f g+ %,&,!) / !! df;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 . o; sfo{s|d cGt{ut !)) hgf n3'pBdL / %) hgf pBdLx?sf nflu pgLx?n] ul//x]sf] sfdsf] :s]n ck ug]{ sfo{s|d /x]sf] 5 . ;f]xL cg';f/ ;d'bfo:t/df sfo{s|d k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;~rfng eO;s]sf] 5 . • t/sf/L v]tLdf ;+nUg s[ifsx?nfO{ %) k|ltzt cg'bfgdf Knfli6s 6g]n / dlNrË sfo{s|d ;~rfng ul/Psf]5 . • Jojl:ylt?kdf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ s[ifs ;d"x u7g tyf kl/rfng ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf tof/ u/L nfu" ul/Psf] 5 . • s[lifdf cfw'lgsLs/0f ub}{ pTkfbsTj clej[l4 ug]{ tyf nfutdf sdL Nofpg o; gu/kflnsfsf ;a} j8fx?nfO{ ;d]6L ldlg6]n/ *) j6f, :k|]o/ !%) yfg, y|];/ @# yfg ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . • %) k|ltzt cg'bfgdf df}/L3f/ ljt/0f u/L o; g=kf=sf] j8f g+ !! / !@ nfO{ df}/L ks]6 If]q agfOg] sfo{s|d /x]sf] 5 . • sDkf]i6 dn ;'wf/sf nflu esf/f] ;'wf/ sfo{s|d nfu' ul/g'sf ;fy} o; g=kf=sf] j8fg+ #df Aoj;flos t/sf/L v]tLsf nflu ;fgf l;+rfO{ sfo{s|d nfu" ul/Psf] 5 . • o; g=kf=sf] j8f g+ ^ ;'jfn 6f]ndf uf]ne]8f hftLo k|bz{gsf IPM;~rfng ul/Psf] 5. • j8f g+ *,(,!) / !! df %) k|ltzt cg'bfgdf df]6/ ;lxtsf] $) j6f Rofkms6/ ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . • uf]7 ;'wf/ sfo{s|d cGt{ut %) k|ltzt cg'bfgdf j8f g+ ! / !@ sf@) j6f uf]7 ;'wf/sf ;fy} !% hgf s[ifsx?sf] gd'gf afv|f vf]/ lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . • s[ifs kf7zfnf gu/sf] j8f gDa/ !) / !! df ;~rfng eO/x]sf] 5 eg]j8f gDa/ !! / !@ df kmnkm'n au}rf lgdf{0f sfo{ ;Dkg ul/Psf] 5 . • %) kltzt cg'bfgdf :yfoL Knfli6s 3/ / cfn'sf] ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . • sf]le8 k|efljt ls;fgx?nfO{ t/sf/Lsf] ldlgls6 ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . • g=kf=sf] j8f gDa/ !,@,#,$,*,!) / !!dft/sf/L pTkfbgsf] sfo{s|d ;~rfng eO/x]sf] 5 . ;fdflhs ;'/Iff / Goflos ;ldlt tkm{ • gu/kflnsfnfO{ gu/jf;Lsf] 3/b}nf]sf] ;/sf/sf] ?kdf Jojl:yt u/L ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos kg]{ ljleGg #% j6f P]g / sfo{ljlw kfl/t ul/Psf] 5 . • w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf gu/ k|x/L ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg P]g, oftfoft tyf ;jf/L Joj:yfkg P]g, lzIff P]g, jg ;DaGwL P]g / hn;|f]t Joj:yfkg P]g th{'df eO gu/;efaf6 :jLs[t u/L sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf 5g\ . • JolStut 36gfbtf{ k|To]s j8faf6 cgnfO{g k|0ffnLaf6 ljut aif{x?af6g} z'?jft ul/Psf] 5 . • ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sfo{s|d cGt{ut nfeu|fxL btf{, gjLs/0f, nut s§f j8f j8faf6} ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . • ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf nfeu|fxLx?nfO{ cf=j=)&$.)&% b]lv Forward/Reverse Feed System af6 eQf ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . • %$ j6f 36gf btf{sf k'/fgf lstfax?nfO{ l8lh6fO{h ul/Psf] 5 . • ;fdflhs ;'/Iff / JolStut 36gfbtf{ ;Gbe{df b]zs} gd"gf l;sfO{ s]Gb|sf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{ j8fsf sd{rf/L / a}Fssf kmf]sn sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . • ;a} j8f sfof{nodf internet ;lxtsf] sfof{no Joj:yfg eO{ Vital Event Registration / ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sfo{qmd k"0f{ ?kdf Online ePsf] / Banking system (forward feed and reverse feed system)af6 ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf ljj/0f eO/x]sf] 5 . • o; gu/kflnsfaf6 ;Dkfbg ul/g] Goflos ;ldlt ;DaGwL sfo{qmdsf] 5'6\6} Ohnf;sf] Joj:yf tyf s]Gb|Lo d]nldnfk 8]:ssf] Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] 5 . • Goflos ;ldltaf6 /]km/ ul/Psf ljjfbx? ldnfpgsf] nflu gu/ ;efaf6 $* hgf d]nldnfkstf{ ;"lrs[t ul/Psf] ;fy} ljjfbx? ldnfpgsf] nflu k|To]s j8fdf d]nldnk s]Gb| u7g ul/Psf] 5 . • Goflos ;ldltdf xfn;Dd @* j6f ljjfbx? btf{ ePsf]df d]nldnfkaf6 $ j6f / Goflos lg?k0faf6 !) j6f ;d]t !$ j6f km5\of}{6 ul/Psf] ;fy} !$ j6f k|s[ofdf /x]sf] 5 . jftfj/0f tkm{ • PlzofnL ljsf; a}Fssf] ;xof]udf j}slNks pmhf{ s]Gb|;Fusf] ;xsfo{df !* s/f]8df lgdf{0f x'g] afof]Uof; sfo{s|dsf] nflu nufgLstf{sf] 5gf}6 u/L Developer af6 sG;n6]G;L lgo'Qm ul/Psf] 5 . • g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf] ;+of]hg / blIf0f tyf blIf0f klZrd Plzof If]qsf] gu/ tyf :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] pkIf]qLo ;+u7g -UCLG ASPAC_ sf] ;xsfo{ Pjd\ jftfj/0f tyf hg;+Vof ;+:yf -PGkmf]_ sf] k|fljlws ;xsfo{df g]kfnsf % j6f gu/kflnsfdf ;~rflnt blIf0f Plzofdf ;/;kmfOsf] nflu k}/jL ug]{ gu/x?sf] ;~hfn kl/of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog ;Gbe{df g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3 / w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf aLr ;dembf/L kqdf x:tfIf/ ePsf] 5 . • af9L klx/f] / ljkb\af6 lkl8tx?sf nflu g=kf=af6 tf]lsPsf] dfkb08sf cfwf/df /fxt ljt/0f ug]{ sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/ ?kdf ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5. • !@ j6f j8fx?df k|To]s j8fdf j8f:t/Lo ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g eO{ s[ofzLn /x]sf 5g\ . • gu/leqsf ljleGg If]qx?df ljkb\x? cfunfuL / cfkt laktx?df gu/ k|x/Lx?af6 @$ ;} 306f ;]jf / ;xof]usf] nflu sd{rf/L Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] 5 .
!^ @)&& ljxLjf/ jif{ @$jif{c+s@&!^c+s @)&$ kmfu'g kmfu' # ut]g ^ljxLjf/ • g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3 / o; gu/kflnsfsf] ;dGjodf lb;fhGo n]bf] Joj:yfkg sfo{s|dsf nflu x]Nk 8]:ssf] :yfkgf eO{ >Lv08k'/ 9n k|zf]wg sfo{nfO{ cl3 a9fpFg DPR tof/ eO/x]sf] 5 . • o; gu/kflnsfsf] ;fd'bflos tyf sa'lnotL agsf ;fy} kof{ko{6gsf] k|f]kmfOn tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . • w'lnv]n dgf]/~hg kfs{nfO{ af]6flgsn uf8]{gsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{ dfi6/ Knfg cg';f/sf] sfd b|'t ultdf cl3 a9fOPsf] 5 . • ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f tyf Joj:yfkg P]g, @)&$ cGtu{t sfo{ ;~rfng ljlw kfl/t u/L nfu" ul/Psf] 5 . • Social Responsibility cGtu{t sfo{qmdaf6 ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] ;dGjodf gu/ If]q leqsf /fhdfu{ tyf ;xfos dfu{x?sf] d'Vo rf]s tyf ahf/x?df kfs{ ;lxt ofq"k|ltIffno / ;fj{hlgs zf}rfnosf] Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;+o'Qm a}7s u/L ljQLo ;+:yfx?df k|:tfjg k]z u/L sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] 5 . • gu/ leqsf ^ j6f dfWoflds ljBfnox?df xl/t ljBfno Joj:yfkgsf nflu au}Frf lgdf{0f ug{ cfly{s ;xof]u ul/Psf] 5 . ;"rgf k|ljlwtkm{ • w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfn] cfˆgf] DATA ;'/If0fsf nflu cfˆg} ;e{/sf] Joj:yf ldnfPsf] 5 ;fy} cfly{s sf/f]af/nfO{ Cyber threats af6 arfpg kmfo/jfn l;:6d h8fg ul/Psf] 5 . To:t} gu/sf rf]s, /fhdfu{, d7 dlGb/ uNnLx?df CCTV h8fg ul/Psf] 5 / ;f]sf] lgu/fgLsf nflu lhNnf k|x/L sfof{non] Monitoring ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] 5 . To;}u/L gu/kflnsfdf ltg{' kg]{ /fh:j e'QmfgL cgnfOg -E-payment_ dfkm{t ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] 5 gu/kflnsfdf @ j6f ISP dfkm{t #)÷#) MBPS Ifdtfsf]Dedicated OG6/g]6 / j8f sfof{nonfO{ cfˆg} fiber dfkm{t @÷@ mbps Ifdtfsf] OG6/g]6 ;]jf pknAw u/fOPsf] 5 . l8lh6n l8:Kn]sf] Joj:yf u/L gu/kflnsfsf ;"rgf tyf hfgsf/Lx? l8lh6n l8:Kn]df /fVg] ul/Psf] 5 . er{'cn dfWodaf6 sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ ;'lawf ;DkGg Video Conference hall sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 ljBfnodf Biometric E xflh/Lsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 gu/sf ljleGg 7fpFdf k|mL jfO{kmfO{sf] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] 5 . gu/sf] j]e;fO6nfO{ SSL dfkm{t ;'/lIft agfOPsf] 5 . • gu/jf;Ln] cfkm"n] ltg{' kg]{ s/sf] ljj/0f cfkm}n] x]g{ ;lsg] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] 5 ;fy} epayment l;:6d ;~rfngsf nflu Nepal Clearing House ;Fu ;Demf}tf u/L sfo{ k|f/De ul/Psf] 5 . • sfof{nodf !)÷!)Mbps Speed sf] b'O{j6f ISP dfkm{t OG6/g]6 h8fg ul/Psf] / ^ j6f j8f sfof{nodf cfˆg} Dedicated Fiber dfkm{t / ^ j6f j8f sfof{nodf ! Mbps Speed sf] Dedicated OG6/g]6 h8fg u/L j8faf6 /fh:j ltg{ ;lsg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . • w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfdf cfpg] ko{6s / :yfgLo jf;Lx?nfO{ ;d]t Internet sf] kx'Fr k'¥ofpFg] p2]Zon] gu/sf dxTjk"0f{ ko{6sLo :yn / rf]sx?dfFree WIFIh8fg ul/Psf] ;fy} o;aif{ yk 7fpFdf h8fgug]{ sfo{ k|f/De ul/Psf] 5 . • gu/sf laleGg ko{6sLo :ynx?, rf]sx? / d7 dlGb/ uNnLx?df l;l; Sofd]/f h8fg ug]{ k|lqmof cl3 a9]sf] / ;f]sf] nflu gu/kflnsfaf6 ah]6 Joj:yf ul/Psf] ;fy} yk ah]6 cfjZos kg]{ ePsf]n] k|b]z ;/sf/;Fu Estimate ;lxt ah]6 dfu ul/Psf] 5 . • gu/ leqsf ;Dk"0f{ DATA Joj:yfkgsf] nflu cfˆg} Server sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} cfly{s sf/f]af/nfO{ Cyber Threats af6 arfpgsf] nflu Firewall System h8fg ul/Psf] 5 . • Cyber Security sf] cj:yfnfO{ dWogh/ u/L j]a ;fO{6df SSLCertificate /flvPsf] 5 . /fhZj kl/rfng tkm{ • ljZjJofkL km}lnPsf] sf]/f]gf dxfdf/Lsf] sf/0f o; gu/kflnsf If]q leqsf Joj;fodf ;d]t ulDe/ gsf/fTds k|efj k/]sf]n] gu/kfnsfn] lng] ;j} k|sf/sf Joj;fo s/df ns8fpg cjlwe/sf] /fhZjdf bfdf;fxLn] 5'6 lbOPsf] 5 eg] gu/kflnsfnfO{ ltg{ a'emfpg kg]{ ;a} k|sf/sf s/ aSof}tf @)&& cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd a'emfPdf aSof}tfdf nfUg] xhf{gf/ hl/jfgf ztk|ltzt 5'6 lbOPsf] 5 . • j8fsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ /fh:j ;DaGwL tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf] To:t} /fh:jsf] System nfO{ j]a j];df ?kfGt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . /fh:jsf] e'QmfgL l8lh6n dfWod dfkm{t ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] 5 . • /fhZj ;km\6j]o/nfO{ ck8]6 u/L ;a} j8f sfof{noaf6 ;a} lsl;dsf s/ ltg{ ;Sg] u/L ;a} j8fnfO{ s]lGb|o server ;Fu hf]l8Psf] ;fy} ;a} j8fsf j8f ;lrjx?nfO{ /fhZj ;km\6j]o/ ;DaGwdf tflnd k|bfg u/L xfn j8f g+= @, #, $, %, ^, & / * u/L&j6f j8fx?df sDKo'6/ k|0ffnL dfkm{t\ /fhZj a'em\g] sfd eO{ /x]sf] 5 . • df]jfOn PK; / webside af6 s/ bftfn] cfkm\gf] ljj/0f x]g{ ;Sg] Joj:yf u/]sf]df lgs6 eljiodf online dfkmt{ s/ ltg{ ;Sg] Joj:yf ug{ sDKo'6/ ;km\6j]o/nfO{ updateug{ cfjZos k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] sfd eO/x]sf] 5 . • s/sf] bfo/fn] g;d]6]sf If]qnfO{ s/sf] bfo/fdf ;dfj]z ug]{ tyf s/sf] If]qnfO{ clej[l4 ub}{ ;a} j8fdf cleofgsf] ?kdf s/bftfsf] ljj/0f ;ª\sng ug]{, sDKo'6Ls[t ug]{ / s/ k|zf;gdf ;xhtf Nofpg] sfd eO/x]sf] 5 . • rfn" cfly{s aif{df ^ s/f]8 /fhZj ;ª\sngsf] nIo lnPsf]df kf}if d;fGt ;Dd @,(@,@#,&^% /fhZj ;ª\sng ul/Psf] 5 . b'O{kIfLo ;DaGw tyf cg'ej cfbfg k|bfgdf ePsf dxTjk"0f{ pknJwLx?M • gu/kflnsfdf kfgL Joj:yfkgsf nflu Sofg]l8og l6d ckm cfO 8L cf/ ;L, l;of; / w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf aLr x:tfIf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 eg] w'lnv]nsf] ;du| ko{6g k|jb{\wg / ljsf;sf nflu TPO -Plzof k|zfGt If]qsf gu/x?sf] ko{6g k|jw{g ;+u7g_ ;Fu ;b:otf lnO{Psf] 5 . • blIf0f sf]l/ofsf] pNhLg zx/;Fu elugL ;DaGw sfod ePsf] 5 . • gu/kflnsfdf kfgL Joj:yfkgsf nflu Canedian Team of IDRC, SIASl;of;_ / w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf ldn]/ sfd eO{/x]sf] 5 . • w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] ;du| ko{6g ljsf;sf nflu -TPO)Tourism Promotion Organization for Asia Pacific Cities sf] ;b:otf k|fKt ePsf] 5 . • g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf] ;+of]hg tyf United Cities and local Government Asia Pacific (UCLG ASPAC)sf] ;xsfo{ Pjd\ jftfj/0f tyf hg;+Vof ;+:yf PGkmf]_ sf] k|flalws ;xsfo{df g]kfnsf % j6f gu/kflnsfdf ;~rflnt (Municipalities Network Advocacy on Sanitation in South Asia) kl/of]hgfsf] sfo{Gjog ;Gbe{df g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3 / w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf aLr ;dembf/L kqdf (MOU) x:tfIf/ eO{ sfo{s|d ;~rfng eO{/x]sf] 5 . • Jeju-do, Republic of Korea df May 8-11, 2019 ;Dd ;~rfng ePsf] Workshop on Green city Palnning For Sustainable Urban Development sfo{qmddf o; gu/kflnsfsfaf6 k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t ;xefuL x'g' eO{ Ifdtf clej[l4 ePsf]5 . • Malaysia / Indonesia df August 4-9, 2019df ;~rfng ePsf] Urban planing, Drinking water and waste Management system sf] af/]df cWoogsf nflu gu/ k|d'vsf] ;xeflutf ePsf] 5 . • gu/ k|d'vaf6 rLgsf] lzofg gu/kflnsf elugL ;DaGw ljefusf k|d'v jfª km]ªaLr e]6jftf{ eO{ elugL ;DaGw :yfkgfsf nflu yk 5nkmn / k|s[of cufl8 a9fp+g ;xdlt ePsf] 5. • rLgsf] cfly{s, /fhg}lts / ;x/L k"j{fwf/ ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff tyf ;fF:s[lts / ;fdlhs ?kfGt/0fsf] cWoogsf nflu g]kfnsf !* gu/kflnsfx?sf] k|d'v tyf pkk|d'v ;lxt o; gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v rLgsf] yunnan University of finance and economics international business school df ;xefuL ePsf] . • o; gu/kflnsfsf] gu/ pk k|d'v >L ladnf s'df/L rf}nfufO{ zd{f September 7, 2019 df ef/tdf cfof]hgf ePsf] Local and Regional Government Day df ;xefuL eO{ g]kfndf ePsf] ;+3Lotf, tLg txsf] ;/sf/sf] ;+/rgf, sfo{k|0ffnLsf ;fy} :yfgLo ;/sf/af6 eO{/x]sf sfd sf/jfxL tyf r'gf}tLx?sf af/]sf k|ltj]bg k|:t't ul/Psf] . • g]kfnsf d]o/, pk–do]/x? ;d]tsf] g]t[Tj ub}{ gu/kflnsf ;+3sf cWoIf Pjd\ o; gu/sf k|d'v dn]l;ofdf zx/x?sf] SDGsf] :yfgLos/0f tyf zx/x?df FSM sf] Joj:yfkg, cg'ej / ;~rfng ;DaGwL 5nkmndf ;xefuL x'g' ePsf] . • blIf0f sf]l/ofsf] Busan zx/df Sep 25-28, 2019 ;Dd ;~rfng ePsf] TPO(Tourism Promotion Organization for Asia Pacific Cities) åf/f cfof]lht 9th Tourism Promotion Organization for Asia Pacific Cities, General Assembly df gu/ k|d'v ;xefuL eO{ w'lnv]ndf /x]sf] ko{6gsf] cj:yf o;sf] yk k|j4{g tyf ljsf;, ko{6g pBf]usf] ljsf; ub{} /f]huf/L l;h{gfsf] ;DefJotf, ;du| w'lnv]nsf] pRrtd ko{6g ljsf;sf nflu /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o :t/df eO{/x]sf ;dGjo tyf k|of;x? / cGo ljljw ljifodf s]lG›t x'b} ;+af]wg ul/Psf] . • w'lnv]ndf s[lif If]qsf] ljsf; tyf cfw'lgsLs/0fsf nflu blIf0f sf]l/ofsf] Inje County/Gangwon Province;Fu ;xsfo{ tyf ;DaGw :yflkt ug{ cfjZos k|s[of cufl8 a9fO{Psf] 5 . d}n} gu/kflnsfaf6 eP u/]sf dxTjk"0f{ sfo{s|dx? oxfFx? ;dIf k|:t't u/]F . cfhsf] o; dxTjk"0f{ sfo{s|ddf cfˆgf] Jo:t ;dosf] jfjh'b klg w'lnv]nnfO{ dfofF u/]/ xfd|f] cfdGq0f :jLsf/ u/L kfNg' ePsf]df k|d'v cltly, ljlzi6 cltlyHo"x?df xfdL ;Dk"0f{ gu/jf;Lx?sf] tkm{af6 s[t1tf hfx]/ ub{5f}F . o; sfo{s|ddf kfNg' x'g] ;Dk"0f{ cltlyx?k|lt d xflb{s cfef/ JoQm ub}{ sfo{s|d ;kmn kfg{sf nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofpFg' x'g] ;Dk"0f{df xflb{s wGojfb JoQm ub{5' . wGojfb . ;dfKt .
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es'08]÷g]kfn s]Dkf] v's'/L dfz{n cf6{; ;+3 gdf]a'4 gu/ ;ldltsf] a}7s Pj+ k|lzIf0f gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsf gu/ k|d'v l6kL zdf{ ltdlN;gfsf] k|d'v cfltYotf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltyL ltdlN;gfn] gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsfdf v]ns'b If]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos ah]6 ljlgof]hg, gLlt tyf sfo{qmd to ul/ cl3 a9]sf] atfpg' eof] . ltdlN;gfn] ;+3nfO{ j8f:t/;Dd lj:tf/ ug{ , v] n s' b ultljlwnfO{ cem} Jojl:yt / k|efjsf/L agfpg k|fyldstfsf ;fy cl3 a9\g] atfpg'
w'lnv]n÷w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] cf7f}+ gu/;ef ut ljlxaf/ af6 z'? ePsf] 5 . gu/;efsf] cWoIftf gu/k|d'v czf]ss'df/ Jof~h"n] ug'{ePsf] 5 . gu/;efdf ljleGg laB]os tyf sfo{ljlw k|:t't ePsf] 5 eg] gu/ sfo{kflnsfaf6 :jLs[t sfo{qmdsf] cg'df]bgsf nflu ;efdf k]z ul/Psf] 5 . gu/;efdf w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf j8f g !) sf j8f cWoIf k'ik/fh /fptn] vfgL tyf vlgh kbfy{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf ug{ ag]sf] laB]os @)&& / j8f g $ sf j8f cWoIf /ljGb| sdf{rfo{n], jftfj/0fLo cWoog tyf k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f sfo{ljlw @)&& :jLs[tsf nflu ;efdf k]z ug'{ePsf] 5 . ;efdf pkk|d'v ljdnf zdf{ rf}nfufO{n] gu/:t/Lo / j8f:t/Lo ah]6 tyf sfo{qmdaf6 :jLs[t, yk b/aGbL :jLs[t, j8faf6 l;kmfl/; eP/ cfPsf of] h gf tyf sfo{ q md ;+ z f] w g, gu/kflnsfsf cGt{utsf] xf]d :6]sf] k|ltsf]7f aflif{s s/ kfFr ;o agfpg] lgof{0fsf] cg'df]bg, xf]6nx?sf] rf/ dlxgfsf] s/ 5'6 nufot sfo{kflnsfaf6 :jLs[t of]hgfsf] cg'df]bgsf nflu gu/;efdf k]z ug'{ePsf] lyof] . gu/;ef cfudL kmfu'g ( ut] lbpF;f] ! ah] a:g] u/L ;dfkg ePsf] lyof] . gu/;efdf gu/k| d ' v Jof~h" n ] w'lnv]ndf Ps3/ Pswf/f agfpg] k|ltj4tf bf]xf]¥ofpg' ePsf] 5 . AofGh'n] lgjf{rgsf] ;dodf Ps 3/ Ps wf/f agfpg] 5f}F eg]sf] :d/0f ug'{ x'Fb} cfudL aif{;Dddf k'/f x'g] atfpg'eof] . z'Go ;dodf af]Ng]
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;b:ox?n] /fv]sf] k|Zgsf] hjfkm lbg'x'Fb} Jof~h"n] eGg'eof], xfdL Ps 3/ Ps wf/f cleofgdf 5f}F . o;sf nflu ;Sg]n] gu/sf] gLlt cg';f/ ;xof]u u/f}F . ;Sb} g;Sg]nfO{ gu/n] 5'6 lbg] atfpg' eof] . AofGh'n] clxn] !* ;o 3/w'/Ln] vfg]kfgL vfO/x]sf] / o; aif{ yk !! ;o 3/w'/LnfO{ k'¥ofpg], cfufdL aif{ yk cf7 ;o 3/w'/LnfO{ vfg]kfgL k'¥ofpg] nIo /x]sf] atfpg'eof] . gu/sf k|To]s j8fdf clK6sn kmfOa/sf] sfd eO/x]sf] hfgsf/L lbg'x'Fb} k|To]s j8f j8faf6} s/ ;+sngsf] tof/L gu/n] ul//x]sf] 5, AofGhn] eGg'eof] . clxn] b'O{ j8fdf gd"gfsf] ?kdf s/ ;+sng ul//x]sf 5f}F . cfudL aif{ ;Dddf !@ j6} j8faf6 s/ ;+sng ug{] gu/n] gLlt agfPsf] 5 . kfFr :yfgLo txsf]] ;ef ;DkGg sfe|]sf !# :yfgLo tx dWo] kfFr j6fn] ufpF gu/;ef ;DkGg ul/;s]sf 5g eg] b'O{ j6fsf] ;ef ;'? ePsf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] x/]s :yfgLo txnfO{ 5 –5 dlxgfdf clgjf{o gu/ ÷ufpF;ef ug'{kg{] gLlt cg';f/ sfe|]sf :yfgLo txx?n] lxpFb] ;ef ul//x]sf x'g . lhNnfsf kgf}tL gu/kflnsf, gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsf, /f];L ufpF k flnsf, t] d fn ufpF k flnsf / rf}F/Lb]p/fnL ufpFkflnsfsf] ;ef ;lsPsf] 5 . w'lnv]n / d08gb]pk'/ gu/kflnsfsf] gu/;ef ;'? ePsf] 5 . To:t} ag]kf gu/kflnsf, kfF r vfn gu/kflnsf, a] y fgrf] s ufpF k flnsf, vfgLvf] n f ufpFkflnsf, dxfef/t ufpFkflnsf, e'Dn' ufpFkflnsfn] lxpFb] ;ef ug{] tof/L ul//x]sf] hgfPsf 5g .
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a g ] k f ÷ a g ] k f gu/kflnsfnfO{ z}lIfs xasf ?kdf lnO{b} cfPsf]df ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ * O{§f e§fdf yk csf{] dG6]Zj/L :s'n ;~rfngdf cfPsf] 5 . >Lk~rdL b]vL z'ef/De ul/Psf] u'?s'n dG6]Zj/L :s'ndf Kn]u|'k b]vL o's]hL ;Ddsf sIff ;~rfng ul/g] ;+rfns /d]z ;fksf]6fn] atfpg' eof] . o'jfx?sf] ;lqmotfdf pQm dG6]Zj/Lsf] ;~rfng ug{ nfluPsf] ;fksf]6fn] atfpg' eof] . ;–;fgf gfgLafa'x?nfO{ k9fO{ ;Fu} Aoaxfl/s / k|of]ufTds 1fg, cg'zfl;t, lzi6frf/o'Qm / lhDd]jf/Lsf] efjgf ljsf; ug{, af}l4s, ;fdflhs, efjgfTds cfWoflTds kIfsf] ljsf; ug{, b}lgs hLjgdf cfjZos kg{] Aoaxfl/s lzIffsf ;fy} ul0ft efiff / ;fF:s[lts laifodf cAan agfpg] pb]Zon] pQm dG6]Zj/Lsf] ;~rfng ul/Psf] ;fksf]6fn] atfpg' eof] . pQm d06]Zj/Ldf tflnd k|fKt, bIf tyf cg'ejL lzIfsx?af6 cWofkg
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w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf / /f]6/L Sna ckm w'lnv]n ljr ;+o'Qm kl/of]hgfsf] nflu ;Dem}tf w'lnv]n÷w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] #% cf+} :yfkgf lbj;sf] cj;/df wl'nvn ] gu/kflnsf / $ j6f kl/ofh ] gf u//] % s/f8] #) nfvsf] ;o+Q'm kl/ofh ] gfdf wl'nvn ] gu/kflnsfsf kd|v ' czfs ] Jof~h,' /f6]/L Sna ckm wl'nvs ] f cWoIf ;l'zn sd'f/ Jof~h' >i]7 lar ;Demt}f ul/Psf] 5 . pQm ;fdf/fx]df k//fi6« dlGq kl|bk 1jfnLsf] pkl:yltdf x:tfIf/ ul/Psf] lyof] . ;Demt}fdf wl'nvn ] gu/kflnsfnfO{ @
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cfgGb;fu/ ouf]n÷w'lnv]n w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfdf !@ cf}F ztfAbL k'/fgf] pdfdx]Zj/ / t]QL; sf]6L b]jtf /x]sf] d"lt{ ;lxt P]ltxfl;s 9'Ë]wf/f k'glg{d{f0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . pQm P]ltxfl;s 9'Ë]wf/fsf] pb3\f6g wl'nvn ] gu/kflnsfsf gu/ kd|v ' czfs ] Aof~hn ' ] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . Aof~hn ' ] gu/sf Pl]txfl;s ;DkbfnfO{ ;/+If0f ug]{ atfpge'of] . snf ;:+sl[tsf] ;/+If0f ug'{ gu/kflnsfsf] bfloTj /xs ] fn] ljleGg d7dlGb/,
Pltxfl;s wf/f, sj'fx?nfO{ ;/+If0f ugs { f nflu ah6] cefj gxg'] Aof~hn ' ] atfpg' eof] . sfo{qmddf w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] j8f gDa/ & df /x]sf] !@ cf}F ztflAbdf lgd{f0f ul/Psf] k'/fgf] pdf dx]Zj/ dlGb/ / t]QL; sf]6L b]jtf /x]sf] d'lt{ k'glg{df{0f ;lxt P]ltxfl;s 9'Ë]wf/f k'glg{df{0f eO{ !@ cf}F ztflAbdf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] k'/fgf] pdfdx]Zj/ dlGb/ / t]QL; sf]6L b]jtf /x]sf] d'lt{ k'glg{d{f0fsf] qmddf pQm :yfgdf P]ltxfl;s 9'Ë]wf/f e]l6Psf] atfPsf] lyof] .
kgf}tL gu/kflnsf gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no kgf}tL, sfe|]af6
hUuf ljsf; ;DaGwL h?/L ;"rgf
d]t /L tflnd ; ;fy} dG6]Zj eO/x]sf] 5 ;+rfng
k|ydk6s ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)&&.!).@( ;fljs ;'AafufpF * s, * v / ( s xfn kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f g+= $ sf] lsQf g+= 247, 239, 442, 625, 165, 246, 244, 698, 245, 248, 1389, 1604, 700, 1603, 1146, 164, 2246, 626, 826, 827, 1852, 1853, 1702, 236, 237, 238, 239, 244, 246, 505, u/L #) j6f lsQfsf] (%–)–)–) hUufdf kgf}tL xfplhË k|f=ln=n] hUuf ljsf; sfo{ ul/ ljsl;t 38]/L ljqmL ljt/0f ug{ ;xdltsf] nflu ldlt @)&&.(.!( df lgj]bg lbPsf]df pQm k|:tfljt hUuf ljsf; ubf{ ;fFw ;Flwof/ tkm{ ;lGw ;k{g kg{], ;fj{hlgs hUuf, af6f], s'nf], jg nufot cGo ;+/rgfnfO{ c;/ ug{] ePdf !% lbgleq kgf}tL gu/kflnsf gS;f zfvfdf ph'/L lbg' x'g of] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg ul/Psf] 5 . tf]lsPsf] ldltleq s'g}klg ph'/L u'gf;f] gcfPdf lgodfg';f/ sfo{jfxL e} hfg] Joxf]/f ;d]t o;} ;"rgf4f/f hfgsf/L u/fOG5 .
;jf/L ;fwgsf] lnnfd laqmL ;DaGwL ;"rgf k|sflzt ldtL M @)&&.!!.)% o; a}+ssf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] tkl;n adf]lhdsf ;jf/L;fwg h]h:tf] cj:yfdf 5 . ;]fxL cj:yfdf lznaGbL af]nkq dfkm{t\ laqmL ul/g] ePsf]n] of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . OR5's JolQm, ;+3;+:yf, kmd{ jf sDkgLx?n] o; a}+ssf] es'08]a]zL zfvfdf ;Dks{ u/L tf]lsPsf] zt{x?sf] cwLgdf /xL of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] & lbgleq uf]Ko lzNaGbL af]nkq k|:tfj k]; ug'{x'g cfXjfg ul/G5 . lnnfd laqmL x'g] ;jf/L;fwgsf] ljj/0f lgDgfg';f/ 5 . qm=;+= ;jf/Lsf] lsl;d btf{ g+= != Discover 125 af ^( k %^@@ != of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] & cf}F lbg sfof{no ;doleq} -;f] lbg ;fj{hlfgs labf k/]df ;f] nuQ} sfof{no v'n]sf] lbg_ af]nkq btf{ u/fO;Sg' kg{5] . k|fKt af]nkq o; zfvf sfof{nodf * cf} lbg lbp;f] #M)) ah] af]nkqbftf / sfof{nosf k|ltlglwx?sf] /f]xa/df vf]lng] 5 . lgwf{l/t ;dodf af]nkqbftf jf k|ltlglw cg'kl:yt ePdf klg af]nkq vf]Ng afwf kg]{ 5}g . af]nkq vf]lng] lbgdf ;fj{hlgs labf k/]df To;sf] nuQ} sfof{no v'n]sf] lbgdf ;f]xL :yfgdf, ;f]xL ;dodf af]nkqx? vf]lng] 5 . @= af]nkq :jLs[t tyf c:jLs[t ug]{ ;jf{lwsf/ o; a}+sdf ;'/lIft /xg]5 . #= ;Dks{ 7]ufgf M n'lDagL lasf; a}+s, es'08]a]zL zfvf sfof{no, es'08]a]zL, sfe|] kmf]g M )!!–$)$)^@
ljut @% b]lv ljut @^jif{jif{ b]lv
kgf}tLdf dfwj gf/fo0f kgf}tL÷kf}if z'Sn k"l0f{dfb]lv P]ltxfl;s gu/ kgf}tL / ;fv F 'sf] ;DaGwsf] k|f/De x'g] >L :j:yfgL a|t ;Fu;Fu} z+v/fk"/ af/]df klg k|i6 x'g ;lsG5 . gu/kflnsfdf cjl:yt zfnLgbLdf dfwj gf/fo0f eujfg\sf] k"hf cf/fwgf ;'? ePsf] 5 . dlxgf lbge/ PslrQ /lx lbge/ rf]vf] a:g'kg]{ pQm a|t a:gfn] ;Dk"0f{ kfk gfz x'g] hgljZjf; /x]sf] 5 . a|t cjlwe/ b]zsf ljleGg wfld{s lty{:ynx?df uO{ :gfg ug]{ rng rNb} cfPsf] o; wfld{s sfo{df ljz]if u/L dlxnfx? dlxgf lbg e/ a|t a:g] / gfª\uf] v'§f Pskl5 csf]{ lty{:ynx?df uO{ a|t a:g] rng /x]sf] 5 . pQm ;Gbe{df of] jif{ klg >L dfwj gf/fo0fsf] cfudg wfld{s dxTj af]s]sf] kgf}tL gu/df ePsf] 5 . kgf}tLdf ;fFv'af6 cfpg] a|tfn'x?nfO{ :juf{/f]x0f hGd hf8f] gxf];\ elg cfudg x'g] lbg kgf}tLsf @)&&.!!.$ @)@@.#.@* o'jfx? dfem nf]slk|o ;+:yf kgf}tL g]kfnn] af6f] af6f]df bfp/fsf] Joj:yf u/L Gofgf]sf] Joj:yf ldnfPsf lyP . To:t} a|tfn' eQmhgx? Pj+ g]kfn kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;+3 sfe|] zfvfdf ;g\ !(*$ b]lv sfof{no ;xof]uL kbdf sfo{/t sd{rf/L tyf :jo+;]jsx?nfO{ ef]hgsf] Joj:yf ;d]t g] k fn kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;+3 sfe|] zfvf cGtu{t ;+rflnt ;'AafufpF lSnlgssf ;fd'bflos kl/rflnsf kDkmf kgf}tL g]kfnn] u/]sf] lyof] eg] of] lr;f] s] ; Lsf >Ldfg /fdhL axfb'/ s];Lsf] lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt df};ddf eQmhg, :jo+;]js Pj+ cfuGt's kfx'gfx?sf nflu cf]8\g], cf]5\ofpg] / ;'Tg] kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f+} . Joj:yf kgf}tL hfqf kj{ d"n Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] u/]sf] lyof] . a|tfn' eQmhgx?nfO{ kgf}tLsf] a;fO{ cjlw e/ s'g} klg cK7]/f] k|d'v tyf gxf];\ eg]/ ljz]if Vofn /fv]sf s'/f kgf}tL g]kfnsf cWoIf lgjf; >]i7n] hfgsf/L lbg' eof] . cfpbFf] jif{ ds/ d]nf klg ePsf] x'gfn] dfwj gf/fo0fsf] of] d]nf ljz]if x'g] / Joj:yfkgdf klg ljz]if Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{ pxfn F ] atfpg'eof] . ;fv F 'sf] >L dfwj gf/fo0f kgf}tLdf Nofpg'n] klg kgf}tLsf] wfld{s dxTj slt /x]5 eGg] k|i6 x'G5 /
xflb{s >4f~hnL :j= /fdhL axfb'/ s];L
/d]z >]i7
g]kfn kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;+3 sfe|] zfvf kl/jf/, ag]kf, sfe|]
ag]kf gu/kflnsf
gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no ag]kf,sfe|]sf]
;f“w;“lwof/ ;DaGwL ;ft lbg] ;"rgf ag]kf g=kf= !) a:g] zld{nf lu/Lsf] ls=g+= !)^) / !)^% df ag]sf] k'/fgf] 3/sf] gS;f kf; gePsf] / xfn gS;f kf;sf] nflu k|lqmofdf nfu]sf] x'Fbf gS;fkf;sf] nflu ;fFw ;Flwof/sf] pkl:ylt x'g'kg{]df pQ/ k"j{sf ;Flwof/ uf]df rfln;] ;lx ug{] a]nf cg'kl:yt /x]sfn] of] ;ft lbg] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . pNn]lvt pQm ls=g+= df ag]sf] hUufsf] 3/ gS;fkf; ubf{ tkfO{nfO{ s'g} afwf cj/f]w kg{] eP ;f] ;"rgf 6fF; ePsf] ldltn] & lbg leq o; gu/kflnsfdf ;–k|df0f lnlvt hfgsf/L u/fpg x'g ;"lrt ul/G5 . cGoyf lgodfg';f/ gS;f kf; eO{ hfg] Joxf]/f ;d]t cjut u/fOG5 .
^
r]i6f ;fKtflxs
jif{ @& c+s !^ @)&& kmfu'g ^ ljxLjf/
kf]N6«L ljz]if 8f= u0f]z aGhf/f
k|efjsf/L a|'l8ª Joj:yfkg
egf{ v'Nof] ! egf{ v'Nof] !! gofF Joj:yfkg4f/f ;+rflnt o; lxdfno k|fO{d ax'd'vL SofDk; ag]kf % 3f]s]rf}/df of]Uo Pj+ cg'ejL lzIfs4f/f cWofkg u/fO{g] lalaP; txsf] Joj:yfkg ;+sfodf k|yd jif{df egf{ v'Nof] .
BBS
gf x'g] #) h s { f g e ] f n 'N klx nflu lgz ljBfyL{sf fa / 8«]; lst
lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf] nflu
lxdfno k|fO{d ax'd'vL SofDk;, ag]kf–%, 3f]s]rf}/ kmf]g g+= (*$!$$))(!
dfnkf]t sfof{no, sfe|]knf~rf]saf6 k|sflzt ePsf]
xsbfjL ;DaGwL #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf sf=k=lh= ;fljs dxfb]j:yfg uf=lj=;= j8f g+= & a:g] a'l4dfg k'nfdLsf] gflt 8Da/axfb'/ k'nfdL du/sf] 5f]/f 8f]naxfb'/ k'nfdLn] 7"nL cfdf lx/fdfof dugL{sf] gfddf btf{ /x]sf] lgDg cg';f/sf] hUuf gfd;f/L ul/kfpF elg o; sfof{nodf lbg'ePsf] lgj]bg cg';f/ of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . :j= lx/fdfof dugL{sf] xsbf/ >Ldfg g/axfb'/ k'nfdLsf] ldlt @)@#.!).^ df d[To' ePsf] / lghx?af6 ;Gtfgsf] ?kdf Ps dfq 5f]/L tf/fdfof /fgfdu/sf] hGd eO{ ljjfxbfg e};s]sf]df ljjfxbfg kZrft lghsf] nfngkfng, cf}iflw pkrf/ / sfhlsl/of lgj]bs 8f]naxfb'/ k'nfdL g} ul/Psf] elg /f]zL uf=kf= $ g+= j8f sfof{nosf] r=g+= !^% ldlt @)&&.!).@& sf] l;kmfl/; cfPsf] x'Fbf lghx?sf] gfddf gfd;f/L ubf{ c? s;}sf] xs hfg] eP jf lghx?sf] gfddf dfq gfd;f/L x'g gkg{] dgfl;a sf/0f eP of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% lbgleq pQm hUufsf] ;DaGwdf cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;a"b k|df0fx? ;lxt o; sfof{nodf xsbfaL ug{ cfpg'xf]nf, ;fy} Dofb u'hf/L a;]df sfg'g adf]lhd lgj]bssf] gfddf gfd;f/L eO{ hfg] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgf4f/f hfgsf/L u/fOG5 . ;fy} btf{jfnfsf] kfngkf]if0f / d[To'kl5 sfhlqmof ;d]t cGo s;}n] u/]sf] ePdf ;d]t bfjL ug{x'g of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . uf=lj=;= j8f g+= lsQf g+= If]qkmn df]xLsf] gfd l;;fvfgL & @!) *–!%–!–) hf]=v=
Ol08ofdf k'/:s[t klxnf] lk|–:s"n r]g blIf0f Pl;ofdf #) jif{sf] cg'ej tyf $ nfv eGbf al9 lblIft
egf{ v'Nof] ! egf{ v'Nof]!! egf{ v'Nof] !!! lgi6 kmfp08]zg cGtu{tsf] lgi6 jN8{ :s"ndf :s"ndf ;/:jtL k"hfsf] cj;/df cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] dG6]Zj/L ;lxt
Kn]u|'k b]lv sIff % ;Dd lgMz'Ns egf{ v'n]sf] ;xif{ hfgsf/L u/fOG5 . ;Dks{
;]d/s lgi6 jN8{ :s"n NIST WORLD SCHOOL BANEPA ag]kf–&, uf]kfnl;+ dfu{, kmf]g g+= )!!^^#%#!, (*%!)*^*)&
df]6/;fOsn lalu|P/ lrlGtt x'g'x'G5 < sfe|] lhNnf km'6an ;+3 w'lnv]n, sfe|]
lhNnf gscfp6 km'6an k|ltof]uLtf ;DalGw ;'rgf ;rgf k|sflzt ldtL @)&&.!!.)^ sfe|] lhNnf km'6an ;+3åf/f cfof]hgf x'g] sfe|] lhNnf gscfp6 km'6an k|ltof]lutf @)&& olx kmfNu'0f d;fGt leq x'g] x'Fbf ;Dk"0f{ OR5's Sna÷;+:yfx¿df ;'rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] !% lbg cufj} lgDg sfuhftx¿ ;lxt ;+3sf] sfof{nodf ;Dks{ /Vg'x'g cg'/f]w ub{5 . !=Sna, l6d, lhNnf v]ns'b ljsf; ;ldlt jf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no jf k|rlnt sfg'g cg';f/ tf]lsPsf] lgsfodf btf{ eO cf=jf )&&÷)&* sf] gljs/0f ul/Psf] x'g' kg]{5 . @=Sna÷l6dsf] a}+s vftf ePsf] x'g'kg]{5 . #=Sna÷l6dsf] :yfoL n]vf g+-Kofg g+_ x'g'kg]{5 . $=@)&^÷)&& sf] s/ r'Qmf k|df0f -kq k]z ug{'kg]{5 . ;lrj hof]h gl;{ª >]i7 ;Dks{ M 9849473403
cfkm\gf] df]6/;fOsnsf] nflu :t/Lo kf6{;\ / e/kbf{] ;le{;sf] vf]hLdf x'g'x'G5 < To;f] xf] eg] ca xfdLnfO{ ;Demg'xf];\, tkfO{ xfd|f] cfˆg} zx/ ag]kf, g]kfn 6]lnsd rf]s r}tGo SofDk; hfg] af6f]df /x]sf]>L pd]z hL 6«]8; oxfFx?sf] :jfut ub{5 / !))Ü cf]l/lhgn ;fdfgsf] ;fydf h'g;'s} a|f08sf] df]6/;fOsn dd{t ug{sf] nflu tTk/ 5 .
xfd|f ;]jf tyf ;'ljwfx? – u|fxssf] rfxgf cg'?ksf] Quality ;fdfg kfOg] . – df]6/;fOsn ;le{l;ª b]lv OlGhg dd{t tyf n]ysf] ;Dk"0f{ ;'ljwf tyf ;dfg pknAw . – s'kgsf] Joj:yf u/L k|To]s u|fxsnfO{ xft vfnL gx'g] cfsif{s pkxf/sf] Joj:yf .
;Dks{
>L pd]z hL 6«]8; ag]kf -do"/ xn hfg] af6f], 6]lnsd rf]s_ kmf]g g+= )!!^^@^@(, (*%!)$$*()
kl5Nnf aif{x?df af]On/ tyf n]o;{ s'v'/f pTkfbg x|jft} a9\g'sf ;fy} vkt klg a9\bf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . s'v'/f pTkfbg pTs[i6 x'g'df u'0f:t/Lo bfgf, ;kmf / :jR5 kfgL, :j:y rNnfsf ;fy} pko'Qm /fd|f] Joj:yfkgn] 7'nf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ub{5g . rNnfsf] ;'?sf] klxnf] xKtfnfO{ Psbd dxTjk"0f{ / ;+j]bgzLn ;dosf] ?kdf lng' kb{5 . o; cjlwdf s'v'/fx?sf] j[l4 ljsf; pRr /xg] / $=^ u'0ff Pslbg] rNnfsf] t'ngfdf j[l4 x'gfsf ;fy} ef}lts / zf/Ll/s ljsfz a9L x'G5 . rNnfsf] klxnf] xKtfsf] pko'Qm tf}n g} kl5Nnf] ahfl/s0f cj:yfsf] ;'rgsf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 . & lbg ;Ddsf] ;/b/ pko'Qm tf}n n]/fpg ;Sg' g} k|efjsf/L a'|l8ªsf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 . sj %)) rNnfsf] klxnf] xKtfsf] tf}n !&)—!() u|fd x'bf pko'qm dflgG5 . a'|l8ª cjlwaf6 g} kfrg k|0ffnL, /f]u k|lt/f]w k|0ffnL / /Qm;+rf/ k|0ffnLsf] /fd|f] ljsfz x'g'sf] ;fy} ydf]{/]u'n]6/L k|0ffnLsf] klg ljsfz x'G5 . rNnfn] bfgf vfP kZrft cfGb|fsf] ljsfzsf] qmd a9\b} hfG5 . To;kl5sf c? zf/Ll/s ljsf;df cfGb|fn] slt dfqfdf kf]if0f k|fKt ug{ ;Sb5, To;df e/ kg]{ x'G5 . olb o; ;dodf cfGb||f k|of{Kt ljsfz geO{ k|of{Kt kf]if0f ;f]:g g;s]sf] v08df rNnfsf] /f]u k|lt/f]w Ifdtfdf sdL cfO{ s'v'/fx? /f]uaf6 u|l;t eO d[To'b/ a9\g ;Sb5 . kmn:j?k s'v'/faf6 eljiodf cfzfltt cfDbfgL lng ;lsb}g . To:f}n] klxnf] xKtfsf] a'\l8ªnfO{ clt dxTjk"0f{ cjlwsf] ?kdf lnP/ kl5Nnf lbgdf x'g] pQd pTkfbgsf] ;'rssf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 . a|'l8ªdf lgDg # k|0ffnLx? dxTjk"0f{ /xG5g !_ ydf]{/]u'n]6/L k|0ffnL (Thermoregulatory system) c08f Xofr eP kl5 rNnfsf] ef}lts ?k ;Dk"0f{ k"/f eO;s]sf] x'G5 t/ ydf]{/]u'n];g k|0ffnLsf] ;s[otf / kl/kSstf eg] ePsf] x'b}g cYff{t rNnf Xofr eO;s]kl5 cfˆgf] zl//sf] tfkqmdnfO{ jftfj/l0fo tfkqmdsf] t'ngfdf ;Gt'ng /fVg ;Sb}gg . rNnfsf]
$—% lbgsf] cjlwnfO{ k|f/lDes a|'l8ªsf] ?kdf lnOG5 . gof Kof/]G6af6 lg:s]sf rNnfsf] ydf]{/]u'n]6/L k|0ffnL a'9f Kof/]G6sf t'ngfdf ljsfz x'g !—@ lbg a9L ;do nfUb5 . @_ kfrg k|0ffnL klxnf] xKtfsf] cjlwdf cfGb|fsf] j[l4 ljsfz zl//sf] cGo c+usf] t'ngfdf tLj| ultdf /x]sf] x'G5 . ;'?sf] & lbgsf] cGTo ;Dddf cfGb|fsf] ljsfz tyf cfsf/ ^ u'0ff a9L klxnf] lbgsf] t'ngfdf /xG5 . a'|l8ª cjlwdf c08fsf] kx]nf] efudf /x]sf] k|f]l6g, sfjf]{xfO8]«6n] bfgf krfpg, kf]if0f ;f]:g / c? c+ux?sf] j[l4 ug{ d4t ub{5 . To;}n] k|f/lDes ?kdf lbPsf] bfgfn] cfGb|fsf] j[l4, ljsfz / kl/kSstf x'g ;xof]u ub{5 . To;}n] rNnf 5f]8] kRoft klqsf dfly kof{Kt bfgf / kfgLsf ef8fx?sf] Joj:yf ug'{ kb{5 . #_ /f]u k|lt/f]wfTds k|0ffnL z/L/sf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] /f]u k|lt/f]w ug]{ c+udf cfGb|f kb{5 . cfGb|fsf] ljsfz ;+u} /f]u k|lt/f]w k|0ffnLsf] klg k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ljsfz x'b} hfG5 . Ps lbg] rNnfsf] /f]u k|lt/f]w ug]{ Ifdtf ljsfz ePsf] x'b}g t/ c08fsf] kx]nf] efudf /x]sf] Oldg'Unf]ljgn] /f]u k|lt/f]wsf] sfo{ ul//x]sf] x'G5 . rNnfn] bfgf kfgL rf8} kfPsf] v08df bfgfn] z/L/ j[l4 / ljsfz x'g d4t ub{5 eg] of]Nsn] /f]usf ls6f0f'af6 arfpg d4t ub{5 . bfgf kfgL l9nf ul/ lbbf c08fsf] kx]nf] efu z/L/ j[l4 / ljsfzsf] nflu vr{ x'G5 / kl5Nnf lbgx?df rNnfx? ljleGg /f]usf ;+qmd0f eO{ /fd|f] pTkfbg lbg ;Sb}gg / d[To'b/ klg a9\g ;S5 . a|'8/sf] tof/L udL{ ;dodf !@ 306f cufl8 / hf8f] ;dodf @$ 306f cufl8b]lv a'|8/sf] tof/L ug'{kb{5 . Pp6f a'|8/ v08df $))– %)) rNnfx? a'|l8ª ug{ ;lsG5 . ttfpg] pks/0f M :yflgo :t/df pknAw ePsf Uof; xf]j/, OGk|mf /] aNa, lrd, l8h]n a'|8/ / sf]Onf k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . ;fgf] kmd{sf nflu lrdsf ;fy} ljB't gePsf :yfgx?df sf]Onf jf e';sf] e'sf/L k|of]u ePsf] kfOG5 . Uof; xf]j/af6 %—^ lkm6sf] kl/lwnfO{ tftf] k'¥ofp5 . o;}n] Pp6f a'|8/ v08sf] Jof; * b]lv !) lkm6 x'g kb{5 . ;f]Q/ Joj:yfkg M ;f]Q/sf nflu wfgsf] e'; k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . :yflgo :t/df pknAw ePsf sf7sf] e';klg k|of]u ug{ ;lsPtf klg a'|l8ªsf] rNnfsf] nflu sf7sf] e'; k|of]u gug'{ g} a]z x'G5 . rNnfn] sf7sf] e'; vfg ;Sg] jf Zjf; k|Zjf;df w'nf] k|j]z ul/ kl5Nnf lbgdf lgdf]lgof x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf a9\b5 . hf8f]sf] ;dodf rNnf 5f8\g' @$ 3G6f cl3 b]lv kmd{ ttfpgfn] e';sf] tfkqmd klg a9\5 / rNnf 5f8\g] lalQs} rNnfx?n] ;s[osf ;fy bfgf kfgL vfg yfNb5g . lkm8/ / l8ª«s/ M @ ln6/ Ifdtfsf] l8ª\s/ !)) rNnf a/fa/ @ j6fsf] b/n] /fVg' kb{5 . rNnf cfpg' cl3sf] tof/L M a'\8/ sf]7fsf] tfkqmd #@—#% l8u|L km/]gxfO6 x'g' cfjZos kb{5 . On]lS6«s a'|8/ dfq k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 eg] c? s'g} a|'8/ klg tof/L cj:yfdf /fVbf plrt x'G5 . e'; dfly lgnf] t'yf] / l8:OGkm]S6]G6 5g{'kb{5 . rNnf 5f8]kl5 e'; vfgaf6 /f]Sg e'; dfly klqsf lj5\ofpg' kb{5 . udL{ ;dodf e'; @—# OGr afSnf] / hf8f] ;dodf $ OGr afSnf] x'g'kb{5 . e]lG6n];gsf] kof{Kt Joj:yf ug'{ kb{5 eg] hf8f]sf] ;dodf kmd{ leq 5tlt/sf] efu / ;fO8 lt/sf] efudf bf]xf]/f] kbf{sf] Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 . :jR5 ;kmf kfgLsf] pknAwtf x'g'kb{5 . rNnfsf] ;'?sf] cj:yf b]lv g} k|f]jfof]l6s, On]S6f«]nfO6, Pl;l8kmfO/, jf6/ :oflg6fOh/ / le6fldg v'jfpg' kb{5 . rNnf cfPkl5sf tof/L • afs; vf]Ng] / rNnfsf] cj:yf x]g]{, d/]sf rNnfx? 5'6\ofpg] / afsL rNnf ug]/ e'; dfly 5f\8\g] • cfPsf rNnfx? rgflvnf], km'lt{nf], rf]6k6s jf 3fp gePsf], v'§f rlDsnf], Psgf;sf] /+u / cfsf/, ;kmf ;'lsnf] / e'jfbf/ Kjfv ePsf] x'g'kb{5 . • :jYo rNnfx?sf] dn4f/ ;kmf, gfle k'/} aGb ePsf] x'g'kb{5 . • klxnf] b'O{ lbg sf]7fsf] tfkqmd a/fa/sf] kfgL lbg'kb{5 . kfgLsf] ef8f xf]j/sf] 5]psf] efudf /fVg' kb{5 eg] kfgLsf] ef8fsf] lardf bfgfsf] ef8f /fVg'kb{5 . rNnfnfO{ bfgf w]/} v'jfpgsf] nflu lkm8/df bfgf $—$ 306fsf] km/sdf /fVbf pko'Qm x'G5 . • rNnfx?nfO{ a]nf a]nfdf rnfO/fVgfn] rNnfx? y'lk|g kfpb}g / bfgf / kfgL vfg] b/ a9\5 . rNnfsf] v'§fsf] tfkqmd cg'ej ugf{n] e';sf] tfkqmd 36]sf] 5 jf 5}g eGg] Plsg ug{ ;lsG5 . e';sf] tfkqmd () b]lv (% km/]gxfO6 ePdf pko'Qm dflgG5 . lsgsL rNnfn] zl//sf] tfkqmd a9L h;f] v'§faf6 Ifo ub{5g\ . a'\8/df /fv]sf] klqsfsf] cj:yf x]/L leh]df rf8f] jf # lbg kl5 lgsfNg' kb{5 . rNnfn] bfgf kfgL vfPsf] jf gvfPsf] yfxf kfpg] tl/sf rNnfn] bfgf kfgL vfP kl5 rNnfsf] bfgf y}nL g/d / bfgf y}nLdf bfgf el/Psf] x'g'kb{5 . rNnfn] bfgf dfq vfPsf] / s]xL sf/0fn] kfgL vfg g;s]sf] cj:yfdf bfgf y}nL s8f x'G5 .
&
r]i6f ;fKtflxs
lqj]0fL ;kmfO{ cleofgdf h'6] cleoGtfx?
kgf}tL÷!@ jif{] ds/ d]nfsf] tof/L eO{/x]sf] kgf}tLsf] lqj]0fL vf]nf ;/;kmfO{ cleofgsf] ! ;o xKtf k'/f ePsf] 5 . cfFpbf] jif{sf] df3 dlxgfdf lqj]0fL wfddf ds/ d]nf z'? x'G5 . ;/;kmfO{ ;Ktfxsf] Ps ;o xKtf k'u]sf] cj;/df ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfsf] ;xeflutfdf a[xQ ;/;kmfO{ ul/Psf] 5 . lqj]0fL ;/;kmfO{ cleofgdf g]kfnL sfFu]|;sf dxfdGqL 8f= zzf+s sf]O/fnf, k'j{ d'Vo ;lrj lnnfd0fL kf}8]n, g]kfnL sf+u|]; sfe|]sf ;efklt dw' cfrfo{, sflnh+u u0f w'lnv]nsf] 6f]nL, afudtL ;kmfO{ cleofgsf cleofGtf tyf zfGtL ;dfhsf cWoIf pQd k'8f;}gL, cleofGtf lszf]/ zfxL, rqmky ;/;kmfO{ cleofgsf cleofGtf tf/faxfb'/ s'Fj/, kgf}tL lqj]0fL cleofgsL ;+of]hs ;'ldqf a~hf/f nufotsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . To:t} ;+ljwfg ;ef ;b:o /fdx/L ;'j]bL, k'j{ /fHodGqL s~rgrGb| afb],
gu/ k|d'vx?, hgk|ltlglwx?, :yfgLo ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ;kmfO{ cleofg ;df/f]xdf af]Nb} sfuF|]; dxfdGqL zzf+s sf]O{/fnfn] gbLgfnfsf] ;kmfO{df ;a}n] ;xof]u ug'{kg{] atfpg'eof] . afudtL ;kmfO{df ;a}sf] ;fyn] ;kmn x'bF} uPsfn] kgf}tL lqj]0fL ;/;kmfO{ cleofgnfO{ klg ;a}n] ;xof]u ug{ cg'/f]w ug{' eof] . afudtL ;kmfO{ cleofGtf Pj+ k"j{ d'Vo;lrj lnnfdl0f kf}8]nn] 3/ cfuFgsf] ;/;kmfO{ ug{ g;Sg]n] :yfgLo b]vL /fi6« ;Ddsf] g]t[Tj ug{ g;Sg] atfpg' eof] . ;kmfO{ cleofgnfO{ /fhgLlts laifo agfpg gx'g] pxfs F f] wf/0ff lyof] . sfe|]nL ;lqmo dlxnf ;+u7gn] ;'? u/]sf] kgf}tL lqj]0fL ;kmfO cleofg Ps ;o xKtfdf k'u]sf] xf] . kgf}tL lqj]0fL cleofgsL ;+of]hs ;'ldqf a~hf/fn] kgf}tL gu/kflnsfnfO{ …lSng kgf}tL, u|Lg kgf}tLÚ agfpg] cleofgsf nflu x/]s xKtfsf] Ps lbg ;/;kmfO{ cleofg ;~Rffng ul/Psf] atfpg' eof] .
/o]s ' fO{ POs { f] df;g'fuf cfv “ f c:ktfnsf] zfvf 9Nsa]/df
ag]kf÷/]o'sfO{ PO{sf] df;'gfuf cfFvf c:ktn ag]kfn] wg'iff lhNnf l:yt ldlynf gu/kflnsfsf] 9Ns]a/df zfvf lj:tf/ ug{ nfu]sf] 5 . zfvf lj:tf/ ug{] qmddf pQm :yfgdf ejg lgdf{0f sfo{ clGtd r/0fdf k'u]sf] c:ktfnsf dxf–;lrj lx/fdl0f zdf{n] atfpg' eof] . c:ktfnn] ;f]lx qmddf @ lbg] df]ltljGb' zNolqmof lzlj/ pQm gjlgld{t ejgdf ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . c:ktfnsf g]q ljz]if1 8f= ;f]gL rfkfufO{sf] g]t[Tjsf] 6f]lnn] ;]jf lbPsf] lyof] . lzlj/df ! ;o ** hgf df]ltljGb'sf lj/fdLx?sf] zNolqmof ul/Psf] hgfPsf] 5 . lzlj/df ldlynf gu/kflnsf gu/ k|d'v xl/gf/fo0f dxtf], pkk|d'v tf/f nfdf a:g]t tyf :yfgLo ;dfh;]jLx?n] ;xof]u
ug{' ePsf] dxf;lra zdf{n] atfpg' eof] . ljut @ jif{ cl3 b]vL :yflgo /fhf/fd dxtf]n] 5 s§f hldg c:ktfnfO{ lgMz'Ns bfg u/] kl5 g]kfnL ;]gf, 8'nL O{G6/e]8 nufotsf ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;xof]udf ejg lgdf{0f sfo{ e}O{/x]sf] 5 . ;g\ @)@! sf] dWolt/ cf}krfl/s z'ef/De x'g] pQm ejg ;DkGg gx'Gh]n xfn 9Ns]a/ rf]saf6 c:ktfnn] ;]jf lbb} cfPsf] 5 . :yfgLo If]qsf] cfjZostfnfO{ dWogh/ u/L xfn PDa'n]G; ;]jf ;d]t pknAw /x]sf] zdf{n] atfpg' eof] . c:ktfnn] cfufld # dlxgf leq l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] vf8Lrf}/df cfFvf pkrf/ s]Gb| ;~rfngdf Nofpg nfu]sf] dxf;lrj lx/fdl0f zdf{n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
aflif{sf]T;jdf emf]nf tyf :6]zg/L ;xof]u bfKrf÷nIdL n3'ljQ ljQLo ;+:yfn] !) cf}+ aflif{sf]T;jsf] cj;/df cfly{ s ?kdf ljkGg tyf h] x ] G bf/ ljBfyL{x?nfO{ emf]nf tyf :6]zg/L ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . es'08]a]zL zfvf sfof{noaf6 gdf]a'4 gu/klfnsf j8f gDj/ * df /x]sf] bfKrf dfWolds ljBfnosf sIff % ;Dd cWoog/t ! ;o hgf ljBfyL{nfO{ emf]nf ljt/0f ul/Psf] xf] . k7gkf7gdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] p4]Zon] ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj sfo{qmd cGt{ut emf]nf tyf :6]zg/L ;dfu|L ljt/0f u/]sf] es'08]a]zLsf zfvf k|d'v bf]ifaxfb'/ yfkfn] hfgsf/L lbP . ljlQo ;+:yfsf ;xfos dxfk|aGws ;'Gb/k|;fb >]i7,
;~rfng ljefu k|d'v dfwjk|;fb zdf{, gdf]a'4 g=kf= j8f g+= * sf j8f cWoIf z]/axfb'/ tfdfª, ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf ljnaxfb'/ >]i7 nufotn] ljt/0f u/]sf lyP . k| w fgfWofks lbg] z k| ; fb clwsf/Ln] ;xof]u u/]sf]df ;+:yfk|lt cfef/ k|s6 u/] . nIdL a}+ssf] ;xfos sDkgLsf] ?kdf /x]sf] ;+:yfn] %@ lhNnfdf &@ zfvf ;+hfndfkm{t *( xhf/ u|fxsju{nfO{ n3'ljQ ;]jf k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;+:yfn] kf}if d;fGt ;Dddf ( s/f]8 $ nfv v'b d'gfkmf cfh{g u/]sf] 5 eg] art / shf{ afx]s n3'ljdf, ljk|]if0f / zfvf /lxt a}+lsª sf/f]af/ ;+rfng ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 .
xflb{s >4f~hnL hGd @)!).!.!%
:juf{/f]x0f @)&&.!!.!
:j= nIdLdfof k|hfklt o; l;8 g]kfn ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=sf ;+rfns ;b:o >Ls[i0f k|hfkltsf] ddtfdoL dftf nIdLdfof k|hfkltsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ zf]s ;GtKt kl/jf/hgdf xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}F .
/]zdnfn g]kfnL cWoIf tyf
l;8 g]kfn ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kl/jf/ ag]kf $, pu|r08L, gfnf
jif{ @& c+s !^ @)&& kmfu'g ^ ljxLjf/
bfKrf s[i0f ax'd'vL SofDk;sf] bzf}+ aflif{sf]T;j gdf]a'4÷bfKrf s[i0f ax'd'vL SofDk; gdf]a'4 –( 5q]afFem bfKrfsf] bzf}+ aflif{sf]T;j ;df/f]x gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsf k|d'v l6kL zdf{ ltdlN;gfsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . SofDk; Joj:yfkg ;ldlt cWoIf Pj+ gdf]a'4 !) sf j8f cWoIf /fds[i0f clwsf/Lsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf gu/ k|d'v ltdlN;gfn] gu/df z}lIfs If]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu cfkm"x? lgjf{lrt ePb]lv g} cfjZos gLlt tyf sfo{qmd tof/ kf/L sfof{Gjogdf nluPsf] atfP . bfKrf If]qsf] Psdfq SofDk; bfKrf s[i0f ax'd'vL SofDk;sf] ljsf;sf nflu gu/kflnsfn] cfjZos ;xof]u / ;dGjo ug]{ ltdlN;gfn] atfP . bfKrf If]qdf z}lIfs pGgltsf nflu rfF8} g} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLr 5nkmn u/L u'?of]hgf lgdf{0f ug]{ / ;f]xLcg';f/ cl3 a9\g] klg ltdlN;gfn] atfP . sfo{qmddf gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsfsf pkk|d'v /fdb]jL tfdfªn] lzIffsf] ljsf;af6 g} d'n'ssf] ljsf; x'g'kg]{ eGb} bfKrf s[i0f ax'd'vL SofDk;n] bfKrf If]qsf] z}lIfs ljsf;df v]n]sf] e"ldsfsf] k|z+;f ul/g\ . sfo{qmddf gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t /fhg kf}8]nn] u'0f:t/Lo lzIffn] g} d'n'ssf] ;+jf{lË0f ljsf; x'g] atfP . sfo{qmddf SofDk; k|d'v 1fgjxfb'/ e'h]nn] Sofk; :yfkgfb]lv clxn];Ddsf] cj:yfaf/] hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP . SofDk;af6 xfn;Dd $) eGbf a9L ljBfyL{n] :gfts tx pQL0f{ ul/;s]sf 5g\ . @)^& ;fndf :yfkgf ePsf] SofDk;df
xfn Joj:yfkg ;+sfodf lalaP; / lzIffzf:q ;+sfodf laP8tkm{sf] k9fO{ x'g] u/]sf] 5 . cem} klg SofDk;df t'ngfTds?kdf ljBfyL{ ;+Vof sd ePsf], cfly{s ?kdf ;an x'g g;s]sf], k':tsfno, v]n d}bfg cflb Joj:yfkg ug{ ;d:of k/]sf] Ps 3/ Ps :gfts cleofg cl3 a9fpg g;lsPsf], 5fqfx?nfO{ k'/} cjwL SofDk;df l6sfpg ;d:of k/]sf] e'h]nn] hfgsf/L lbP . sfo{qmddf SofDk; :yfkgfsf nflu b]p;L e}nf] sfo{qmddf ;xof]u ug]{, SofDk;sf] aflif{sf]T;jsf] cj;/df cIfosf]ifdf ;xof]u ug]{ nufotsf ;xof]uL bftfx?sf] gfdfjnL;lxtsf] lznfn]v cgfj/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . gu/ k|d'v l6kL zdf{ ltdlN;gf / k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t /fhg kf}8]nn] lznfn]v cgfj/0f u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf SofDk;sf ;xof]uL bftfx?nfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] eg] aflif{ s f] T ;jdf cfof] l ht ljleGg k| l tof] l utfsf ljhoL ljBfyL{ n fO{ ;Ddfg;d]t ul/Psf] lyof] . bfKrf dfljsf k|wfgfWofks lbg]z clwsf/L, lzIfs dxf;+3 gdf]a'4sf cWoIf k~rl;+ nfdf, ;dfh;]jL Pj+ SofDk; Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf k"j{cWoIf s[i0fjxfb'/ >]i7, ;xof]ubftf ;"o{s'df/ >]i7, o'jf Joj;foL Pj+ SofDk;sf ;xof]uL wfjf nfdf, gflosf s]sL clwsf/L nufotn] dGtJo /fv]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf SofDk; Joj:yfkg ;ldlt pkfWoIf gj/fh clwsf/Ln] :jfut dGtJo /fv]sf lyP eg] ;xfos SofDk; k|d'v /fhg clwsf/Ln] sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]sf lyP .
ag]kf gkfsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] ljbfO{
ag]kf÷ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf] ljleGg zfvfdf sfo{/t clgjf{o÷:j}lR5s cjsf; ePsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ Ps sfo{qmdsf ljr ljbfO{ ul/Psf] 5 . gu/ k|d'v nIdL g/l;ª afb]n] sd{rf/Lx?n] sfd ubf{ kl5 ;Dd gful/sx?n] ;Demg] u/L sfd ug{'kg{] atfpg' eof] . sd{rf/Lx?n] gful/sx?nfO{ b'MvL geO{ v'zL agfO{ ;]jf lbg'kg{] atfpg' eof] . s'g}klg sd{rf/Lx?n] ;j]fuf|xLx?nfO{ l56f] eGbf l56f] ;j]flbO{
pTsi[6 sdr { f/L aGg ;e'mfj lbg' eof] . gu/kflnsfaf6 ljbfO{ eO{ hfg] sdr { f/Lx?nfO{ cem} cfˆgf] ;do ;dflhs sfod{f nufO{ ;j]f ug{ cfux| ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . sfoq{mddf agk]f gu/kflnsf pkkd|v ' /v ] f ;fksf6]f bfxfn, kd|v ' kz | f;lo clwst[, slj/fh pkl|] t, j8f cWoIf tyf gu/ kj|Qmf Zofd ;G'b/ >i]7 al/i7 /fhZj kd|v ' wj'/|fh gk]fn nufotn] ze'sfdgf dGtAo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . ljbfO{ xg'] sdr { f/Lx?nfO{ dfofs ] f] lrgf] / kz | ;+f kq kb|fg ul/Psf] lyof] .
c?0f tfdfª÷w'lnv]n km};nf sfof{Gjogsf nflu lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no sfe|]n] km/f/ k|ltjfbLx? kqmfp u/]sf] 5 . @)&$ df3 ! ut] kFfrvfn gu/kflnsf ^ c/lgsf] /fhdfu{ ;8s v08 glhs ofq' k|ltIffno :yfgdf blnt egL ckzJb tyf ufln unf}h u/L h'Qfsf] dfnf ;d]t nufO{ ufpF lgsfnf ug{ vf]h]sf] 36gfdf hflto 5'jf5't tyf e]befj d'2fdf pRr cbfnt kf6gsf] @)&^ c;f/
!^ ut]sf] km};nfn] hgxL $ dlxgf s}b / % xhf/ hl/jfgf / kLl8tnfO{ hgxL @% xhf/ Ifltk"lt{ e/fpg] u/L ePsf] km};nf kZrft km/f/ /x]sf k|ltjfbLx?nfO{ @)&& kmfu'g @ ut] k|x/Ln] kqmfp u/]sf] 5 . kqmfp kg{]x?df kfFrvfn gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ ^ a:g] #& alif{o /fdrG› >]i7, @% alif{o gljg >]i7, #) alif{o lbks >]i7 kqmfp k/]sf] ;"rgf clwsf/L l8P:kL s'df/ljqmd yfkfn] hfgsf/L lbg' ePsf] 5 . –k|lzIffyL{
g]skf ag]kf ( gDa/ j8fdf ljqmdsf] g]t[Tj
ag]kf÷g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ g]skf_ ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ ( sf] a[xt sfo{stf{ e]nfaf6 ljqmd k|hfkltsf] ;+of]hsdf gofF sld6L u7g u/]sf] 5 . h;df ;x–;+of]hs /fd k|;fb ltdlN;gf, ;lra l;tf/fd bfxfn ;x;lrj Clif/fd uf}td nufot /xg' ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L sdnf cjfnsf] ;+of]hsdf gofF g]t[Tj rog u/]sf] 5 . h;sf] ;lrjdf tf/f clwsf/L / ;x–;lrj nIdL ltdlN;gf /xg' ePsf] 5 . g]kfn pTkLl8t hflto d'lQm ;dfh j8f ;ldtLsf] ;+of]hsdf /fd rGb| ljs ;x–;+of]hs ;'hg kl/of/ ;lra ljgf]b kl/of/, ;b:ox?df ljj]s kl/of/ ch{'g ;]Gr'/L, sdnf kl/of/ / bnaxfn'/ kl/jf/ /x]sf 5g\ . a[xt j8f e]nfsf] pb\3f6g k"j{ ;~rf/ dGqL Pj+ g]skf s]lGb|o sld6L ;b:o tyf sfe|] O{Grfh{ uf]s'n k|;fb af:sf]6fn] ug{' ePsf] lyof] . af:sf]6fn] dfwj g]kfn / k|r08nfO{ euf}8fsf] ;+1f lbg' ePsf] 5 . lj/f]w ug{] ul//xG5g\ xfdL ljsf;df cuf8L nDsL /xG5f} af:sf]6fn] eGg'eof] . d}n] cfkm\gf] lgjf{rg If]qdf dfq geO{ ;du| lhNnfdf ah]6 /fvL ljsf; u/]sf] af:sf]6fn] atfpg' eof] . 7'n7'nf ljsf;sf cfof]hgf z'? u/]sf 5f} ;'gsf]zL, kfrFvfn vfg]kfgL, sfe|] Plss[t vfg]kfgL clGtd r/0f k'u]sf], ;fFuf b]vL w'lnv]n;Dd bfofFafofF 6«ofs sfnf]kq]
ug{] r08]Zj/L dlGb/ b]vL 6grf]s ;Dd l;9L lgdf{0f, vf]kf;L tfn9'Ëf ;8s nufot w]/} ljsf;sf sfdx?nfO{ lta|tf lbPsf] atfpg' eof] . @# jif{df x'g g;s]sf sfdx? # aif{df ul/Psf] ;d]t af:sf]6fn] jtfpg' eof] . sfo{qmddf g]skf s]lGb|o ;b:o ljgf]b uf}td, dbg e08f/L kmfp08]zg sfe|]sf cWoIf Pj+ lhNnf sld6L ;b:o s'df/ ltdlN;gf, ag]kf gu/kflnsf k|d'v nIdL g/l;+ afb], pk–k|d'v /]vf ;fksf]6f bfxfn, lhNnf sld6L ;b:o /Tgs'z /l~ht nufPsf AolQmx?n] z'esfdgf dGtJo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmd ;~rfng l;tf/fd bfxfnn] ug{' ePsf] lyof] eg] ;efkltTj ljqmd k|hfkltn] ug{' ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L g]skf ag]kf gu/ @ gDa/ j8f sld6Lsf] a[xt j8f e]nf ;+ljwfg ;ef ;b:o Pj+ g]skf s]G›Lo ;b:o /fdx/L ;'j]bLsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf lhNnf sld6L ;b:o t'nf k|;fb bfxfn, ag]kf gu/kflnsf $ gDa/ j8f cWoIf Pj+ lhNnf sld6L ;b:o Zofd ;'Gb/ >]i7, lhNnf sld6L ;b:o /Tgs'z /l~ht, lhNnf sld6L ;b:ox¿ l;tf/fd ;+h]n, uf]kfn l3ld/], k|ldnf kf08], ch{'g l3ld/], /fdk|;fb ltdlN;gf, r]tdfof l3ld/] / lagf]b l3ld/] nufot ;xefuL /xg' ePsf] lyof] . e]nfn] zflns/fd l3ld/] ;of]hs / lagf]b l3ld/] ;lrj /x]sf] #! ;b:oLo j8f sld6L u7g u/]sf] 5 .
ag]kfdf df6f] kl/If0f lzlj/ ;DkGg ag]kf÷ag]kf gu/kflnsf s[lif zfvfsf] cfof]hgfdf df6f]sf] gd'gf ;+sng tflnd tyf df6f] kl/If0f lzlj/ sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . s[lif zfvf k|d'v d's'Gb s];Lsf cg';f/ klxnf] r/0fdf ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ !, @, # / $ sf s[ifsx?sf] df6f] ;+sng u/L kl/If0f u/LPsf] atfpg' eof] . df6f]df ePsf] clDnokgf, kbfy{sf] dfqf, kf]6f;, km:kmf]/;sf] sf/0f cGgafnL sd pAhgL ePsf sf/0f pQm kl/If0fkl5
s[ifsx?nfO{ s[lif r'g ljt/0f ul/g] s];Ln] atfpg' eof] . pQm df6f] kl/If0f ;u} s[lifsx?nfO{ tflnd ;d]t k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . zfvf k|d'v s];Ln] afls j8fx?df l56} df6f] kl/If0f ug{] atfpg' eof] . zfvfn] s[ifsx?nfO{ uf]7 ;'wf/, wfgsf] ljp ljt/0f, wfg r'§g] d]lzg ljt/0f, 6g]n Knfli6s ljt/0f, ds} 5f]8fpg] d]lzg, ;fgf l;+rfO{, ahf/Ls/0f nfuL sf}zL v]tL tflnd, xft] 6ofS6/ ljt/0f h:tf sfo{qmd /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . lzla/df ! ;o &% df6f]sf] :ofDkn kl/If0f ul/Psf] atfPsf] 5 .
hflto 5'jf5't tyf e]befj kgf}tLdf $ ;o %) s[ifsn] df6f] kl/If0f u/fP d'2fsf km/f/ k|ltjfbL kqmfp
xflb{s >4f~hnL hGd !(((.*.@^
:juf{/f]x0f @)&&.!).@#
:j= ;fg'dfof dfgGw/ o; ;d"xsf ;b:o x]/fsfhL -e'o'_ dfgGw/sf ddtfdoL dftf ;fg'dfof dfgGw/sf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ zf]s ;GtKt kl/jf/hgdf xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}F .
s[i0fuf]kfn j+v' dfgGw/ k"0f{sfhL ;'Nn' dfgGw/ e'jgsfhL e'o' dfgGw/ ljGb|sfhL lv+ dfgGw/ lq/Tg uf7f dfgGw/ /fhf/fd vqL dfgGw/ cfzsfhL vqL dfgGw/
l6sf gf/fo0f jlxn dfgGw/
k[YjLdfg lu4 dfgGw/ /fh]z ;'Nn' dfgGw/ dbgsfhL e'o' dfgGw/ cd[t eSs' dfgGw/
t'n;L ;'Nn' dfgGw/ ;Gtnfn sdL{ dfgGw/ lzjz/0f u}8f dfgGw/ xl/ lu4 dfgGw/ /fhg Tofkf dfgGw/ ljzfn ;'Nn' dfgGw/ /fhg Tofkf dfgGw/ /fhf/fd uf7f dfgGw/ ljZj/fd e'o' dfgGw/ ;To/fd e'o' dfgGw/ OGb|nfn kfnf dfgGw/ Zofd lu4 dfgGw/
kf;f k'rM -@% efO{ ;d"x_ kl/jf/ ef]t *, afVof] 6f]n, ag]kf sfe|]
Zofds'df/ /f0ff du/÷kgf}tL kgf}tL gu/kflnsfdf a[xt df6f] kl/If0f lzlj/ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . df6f]sf] cj:yf kQf nufO{ df6f] lalu|g glbg ;fy} pTkfbsTjdf j[l4 ug{ df6f] kl/If0f ul/Psf] s[lif tyf kz'kIfL+ zfvf k|d'v dl0fk|;fb ;fksf]6fn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . lzlj/sf nflu df6f] tyf dn kl/If0f k|of]uzfnf afudtL k|b]z x]6f}+8fsf] k|fljlws ;xof]u /x]sf] lyof] . df6f] kl/If0f lzlj/df $ ;o %) hgf s[ifsn] df6f] kl/If0f u/fPsf 5g\ . df6f] ;DalGw d'Vo ljifo
:ynut ?kd} hfFr ug{ ;Sg] pks/0f ;lxtsf] k|of]uzfnf -Eofg_ dfkm{t s[ifsn] $ 306fdf g} cfˆgf] hldgsf] cj:yf af/] hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] df6f] tyf dn kl/If0f k|of]uzfnf afudtL k|b]z k|d'v 8fS6/ hgfb{g v8\sfn] atfpg'eof] . kl/If0fsf qmddf df6f] s f] clDnokgf, k|fªufl/s kbfy{sf] dfqf, kf]6f;, km:kmf]/;sf] dfqf kl/If0f u/]/ ls;fgnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] 5 . df6f] kl/If0fnfO{ ;xh agfpg :yfgLo tx;Fu ;dGjo u/]/ sfo{qmd cl3 a9fpg] klg v8\sfn] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . – k|lzIffyL{
*
r]i6f ;fKtflxs
jif{ @& c+s !^ @)&& kmfu'g ^ ljxLjf/
;fd'bflos ;fsf];sf] cw{aflif{s ;dLIff kgf}tL÷sfe|]knf~rf]s l:yt ;fd'bflos art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=sf] cf=j= @)&&÷@)&* sf] klxnf] ^ dlxgfsf] ;dLIff uf]i7L ;DkGg ePSf] 5 . uf]i7Ldf ;+:yfsf k"j{ cWoIfåo zDe'nfn / bLks yfkfn] pb\3f6g u/]sf lyP pkfWoIf s'df/k|;fb nfld5fg]n] cw{jflif{s ;dLIff uf]i7Lsf] nIo ;+:yfn] jflif{s ?kdf lnPsf] nIodf k|flKtsf] l:yltsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP . g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf pk lgb]{zs Pj+ ;+:yfsf] of]hgf tyf k/fdz{ pk;ldlt ;b:o nIdL gf/fo0f tfd|fsf/n] ;+:yf ;jn / ;Ifd ?kdf ;'zf;gdf /x]sf] atfpFb} If]q tyf sf/fjf/sf] cfwf/df ;+:yf 7"nf] x'Fb} uPsf]n] cfGtl/s Aoj:yfkgdf lgoGq0fsf] hf]lvd Go'gLs/0fdf Wofg lbg'kg]{ atfpg' eof] . n]vf ;'kl/j]If0f ;ldlt ;+of]hs x/Lk|;fb ltdlN;gfn] ;+:yfdf rfn'
cf=j= sf] kf}if d;fGt ;Ddsf] cfGtl/s / afx\o n]vf kl/If0f ;DkGg ePsf] / n]vf ;'kl/j]If0f ;ldltn] ;jn / ;Ifd b]lvPsf]n] k"0f{ ;'zf;gsf] k|Tofe'lt u/fpg ;kmn /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . ;+:yfsf sf]iffWoIf k|tfk tfd|fsf/n] nIo tyf of]hgf k|flKtsf] lhDd] j f/L Aoj:yfkgsf] dfq ge} ;~rfns ;d'xsf] klg /x]sf] pNn]v ug'{x'Fb} ;du| ljlQo nIo tyf k|flKtsf] laj/0f ;lxt ;+:yfsf] jflif{s ah]6 tyf ;du| ljlQo nIodf sf/0f ;lxt k'g/fjnf]sg k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] k|:t't ul/Psf] k'g/fjnf]sg cfufdL jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 cg'df]bg u/fpg] u/L uf]i7Ln] kfl/t u/]sf] lyof] . k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t dbg a:g]tn] ;+:yfsf] ;du| ljlQo tyf Aoj:yfksLo nIo / k|flKtsf] ljj/0f /
cfufdL nIo ;lxt k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;+:yfn] o; cf=j= df xfn;Dd # ;xsf/L ;+:yf PsLs/0fsf] :jLs[tL eO{ sf/f]jf/ ;d]t ;'? e};s]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpFb} @)&& kf}if d;fGt;Dd ;+:yfn] s'n sf/f]jf/ /sddf nIo eGbf & s/f]8 al9 xfl;n ug{ ;kmn ePsf] atfpFb} ;+:yfsf] ;b:o ;+Vof @&&^^ hgf, z]o/ k'FhL @& s/f]8 %$ nfv, s'n sf/f]af/ @ ca{ ^& s/f]8 ePsf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . sfo{qmddf ;+:yfn] tof/ u/]sf] rf}jflif{s /0flglts of]hgf cg'?k cf=j=@)&&–)&* sf] nflu lgwf{l/t nIodf @)&&>fj0f ! ut]b]lv @)&& k'if d;fGt ;Ddsf] ljlQo tyf u}/ ljlQo nIodf ePsf] k|flKt tyf ;f] nIo k|lKtsf qmddf ul/Psf s[ofsnfkx? b]lvPsf ;d:of tyf To;sf ;dfwfgsf nflu tof/
kfl/Psf of]hgf / ;f]lx cg'?k ;dol;df leq nIo xfl;n ug]{ k|ltj4tf ;d]t ljefluo k|d'vx?n] k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;+ : yfsf cWoIf k| s fz jGhf/fn] nIo k|flKtdf Pstfj4 eP/ nfUg'kg]{df hf]8 lbg' x'Fb} ;+:yfsf] ;Ifdtf sfod /fvL ljsf; / lj:tf/sf nflu cfjZos ;+;fwg / ;|f]tsf] Aoj:yfkgdf sld x'g glbg] k|ltj4tf AoQm ug'{ePs]f lyof] . g]kfn /fi6« a}ssf k"j{ lgb]{zs Zofds[i0f bfxfnn] ;xsf/Ldf ;DklQ z'l4s/0f tyf cft+sjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljlQo nufgL lgoGq0f ljifodf cled' l vs/0f sfo{ q md ;~rfng ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] ;du| sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng ;+:yfsf ;lrj d's'Gb zdf{n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
lxsf/L lsG8/ uf6{]gsf] !^ wl'nvn] c:ktfnnfO{ clS;hg el]G6n6]/ dl];g ;xofu] cf} lbIffGt ;fdf/f]x
ag]kf÷ag]kf lxsf/L lsG8/ uf6{]gsf] !^ cf}+ lbIffGt ;df/f]x g]kfn 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u dxf;+3sf al/i7 pkfWoIf /f]zgL pkfWofosf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf af]Nb} k|d'v cltyL pkfWofon] afnaflnsfx?sf] bf];|f] 3/ ljBfno ePsfn] s:tf] lzIff lbg] eGg] ljifodf cleefjsx?n] ;f]Rg' kg{] atfP . ljBfyL{x?, 8fS6/, O{lGhlgo/ x'g' dfq 7'nf] s'/f xf]O{g, s:tf] gful/s agfpg] 7'nf] s'/f ePsfn] 3f]sGt] lzIff dfq geO{ Aoaxfl/s / pkof]uL lzIffdf hf]8 lbg' kg{] atfP . sfo{qmddf ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf ;fdflhs ljsf; clws[t lr/l~haL cof{n nufPtn] z'esfdgf dGtao /fVg' ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf ljBfnosL lk|lG;kn zld{nf s];L l;+xn] :jfut dGtAo tyf ljBfnosf] jflif{s k|lta]bg k|:t't u/]sL lyO{g\ . s];Ln] sf]/f]gfsf sf/0f ut jif{ /f]lsPsf] lbIfGt ;df/f]x o; jif{ u/]sf] atfpg' eof] . ljBfnodf hfkfgLh dfWod4f/f ljBfyL{x?nfO{ l;sfO{, k|of]ufTds l;sfO{ / Aoaxf/Ls lzIffdf hf]8 lbO{Psf] s];Ln] atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . lhNnfd} klxnf]kN6 ;~rfngdf cfPsf] pQm lxsf/L lsG8/ uf6{{]g @ hgfaf6 ag]kfsf] a[4f>daf6 z'? eO{ xfn ag]kfsf] rf/bf]af6f]df ;+rfngdf /x]sf] 5 . sfo{qmddf #$ hgf ljBfyL{x? lblIft ePsf lyP . sfo{qmd ljBfnosf ;~rfns ;ldltsf cWoIf dl0fs t' d | f ] s sf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
r08]Zj/L dfljsf] &# cf}+ jflif{s pT;j
gfnf÷r08] Z j/L dfWolds ljBfnosf] &# cf} jflif{s pT;a tyf cleefjs lbj; sfo{qmd ag]kf gu/kflnsf k|d'v nIdL g/l;+ afb]sf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf afb]n] gu/sf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfnodf gu/kflnsfn] of] cfly{s aif{ b]vL lgMz'Ns lbjf vfhf k|bfg ul/Psf] atfpg' eof] . gu/n] ut jif{ af6 sIff & b]vL dflysf 5fqfx?nfO{ lgMz'Ns Kof8 ljt/0f ul/Psf] atfpg' eof] . gu/n] ;Dk"0f{ ;fd'bfoLs ljBfnosf] ef}lts k|ult ;Fu} z}lIfs u'0f:0f:t/ ;'wf/ ug{'kg{] atfpg' eof] . sf]/f]gfsf] ;dodf ljBfnodf :jf:Yo dfkb08 kfng u/L afnaflnsfx?sf] :jf:Yodf ljz]if Wofg k'¥ofpg cfu|x ug{' eof] . gu/n] ljBfnox?df clxn] lzIfs b/aGbL ldnfg sfo{ ul//x]sfn] gk'u]sf] ljBfnodf k7fpg] / al9 ePsf] 7fpFdf 36fpg nfluPsf] atfpg' eof] . sfo{qmddf ljBfno Aoa:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf Pj+ ag]kf gu/klfnsf j8f gDa/ $ sf j8f cWoIf Zofd ;'Gb/ >]i7n] ljBfnonfO{ lhNnfs} gd'gf agfpg nfluPsf] atfpg' eof] . # jif{ cl3 ! ;o %) hgf ljBfyL{ /x]sf]df @&&
;fnsf] z}lIfs ;qdf $ ;o &% k'u]sf] atfpg' eof] . ljBfnodf Kn]u|'k b]vL sIff !@ ;Dd cuF|]hL tyf g]kfnL dfWod b'a}af6 cWofkg u/fPsf] sIff % ;Dd lbjf vfhf Aoa:yfkg, afnd}qL ljBfno, g;{sf] Aoa:yfkg nuftfsf ;'ljwf / pTs[i6 Sjfln6L lbO{/x]sf] atfpg' eof] . P;O{O{df P Kn;, P Nofpg ;kmn ljBfnodf ef}lts;uF} z}lIfs u'0f:t/Lodf hf]8 lbb} cfPsf] >]i7n] atfpg' eof] . sfo{qmddf ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ # sf j8f cWoIf s[i0f k|;fb bfxfn, g]skf $ gDa/ j8f ;+of]h /fduf]kfn sd{rfo{, g]kfnL sf+u|]; k|ltlgwL uf]kfn >]i7, ljBfyL{ cg'isf >]i7, k|fKtL k/fh'nL nufPtsf AolQmx?n] z'esfdgf AoQm ug{' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ljBfnosf] jflif{s k|lta]bg k|wfgfWofks /fh]Gb| s'df/ ah|frfo{n] k|:t't ug{' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ljBfyL{x?n] ljljw ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmd lzIfs Zofdk|;fb kf08]n] ;~rfng ug{' ePsf] lyof] eg] ;efkltTj Aoa:yfkg ;ldlt cWoIf Zofd ;'Gb/ >]i7n] ug{' ePsf] lyof] .
w' l nv] n ÷l:jh/Nof08sf] aL;L8L dfOqmf]6]lSgs P;P sDkgLsf] ;xof]u / l:jh/Nof08sf] lxdfno cfO{ k|f]h]S6sf] ;dGjodf rf/ c:ktfn / rf/ :jf:Yo s]Gb|nfO{ clS;hg e]lG6n]6/ d]l;g x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . pQm ;+ : yfn] w' l nv] n c:ktfnnfO{ 5 j6f clS;hg e]lG6n]6/ x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] lyof] . To:t} bf]nvf c:ktfn, eQmk'/ SofG;/ c:ktfn, ;f]n'v'Da'sf] kf;fª Nxfd' c:ktfn, ;f]n'v'Da' s} vl/vf]nf :jf:Yo s]Gb|, tfKn]h'ªsf] 3'G;f :jf:Yo s]Gb|, 8f]Nkf lhNnfsf] ltGh] :jf:Yo s]Gb| / bf]nvfsf]
uf}/Lz+s/ :jf:Yo s]Gb|nfO{ clS;hg e]lG6n]6/ x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] xf] . w'lnv]n c:ktfndf lxdfno cfO{ k|f]h]S6sf ;+:yfks ;h{ Sof/f6n] c:ktfn tyf :jf:Yo s]Gb|sf k|d'vx?nfO{ pQm clS;hg e]lG6n]6/ x:tfGt/0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pQm d]l;gsf] d"No ;ft xhf/ cd]l/sL 8n/ kg{] hgfOPsf] 5 . x:tfGt/0f sfo{qmddf Sof/f6n] sf]le8sf la/fdL / cGo clS;hgsf la/fdLnfO{ pQm ldl;g pkof]uL x'g] atfpg'eof] . ;xefuLx?n] pQm d]l;g kfPkl5 b'u{d ufpFsf hgtfnfO{ ;]jf lbg ;xh x'g] eGb} v'zL JoQm u/] .
‘Nofa|f]6/L j]:6 Dofg]hd]G6’ tflnd ;DkGg w'lnv]n÷k|fb]lzs hg:jf:Yo Nofj w'lnv]nn] Nofj|f]6/L j]:6 Dofg]hd]G6 ;DjGwL rf/lbg] tflnd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . afudtL k|b]zsf :jf:Yo tflnd s]Gb|sf lgb{]zs alb|axfb'/ v8\sfsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf !# lhNnfsf !^ hgf ;xeflux? /x]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf :jf:Yo sfof{no sfe|]sf k|d'v 8f= g/]Gb|s'df/ emf, k|fb]lzs hg:jf:Yo NofasL 8f= k|ldnf a}B,
w'lnv]n c:ktfnsf ;'/]Gb|s'df/ dw', g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 sfe|]sf cWoIf df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf, k|fb]lzs Nofjsf z+s/ zfxL, ;xeflu dfofn' tfdfª nufotn] tflnd Aojxf/Ls ?kdf pkof]u ug{ ;'emfj lbP . Nofjaf6 pTkflbt ;fdfu|Lx?nfO{ ;lx Aoj:yfkg ug{ g;Sbf AolQm, ;d'bfo / cGo If]qdf ;d]t ;+qmd0f km}ng ;Sg] tkm{ ;r]t x'g tflnd k|efjsf/L /x]sf] ;xefuLx?n] atfP .
cfsfz e}/j SnanfO{ v]ns'b ;fdfu|L x:tfGt/0f w' l nv] n ÷cfsfz e} / j SnanfO{ afUdtL k|b]z lnu km'6an k|ltof]lutfdf ;xeflutf hgfpgsf nflu v]ns'b ;fdfu|L x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfn gu/kflnsf dxf;+3sf cWoIf tyf w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] k|d'v czf]s Jof~h'n] Ps sfo{qmdsf ljr pQm SnanfO{ v]ns"b ;fdfu|L x:tfGt/0f ug{' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf af]Nb} gu/ k|d'v czf] s Jof~h' >] i 7n] cg' ; f;g v]nf8Lx¿sf] uxgf ePsf] / cg'zf;gn] dfq v]nf8Lx?n] v]n xfl;n ug{ ;Sg] atfpg' eof] . Aof~h'n] v]nf8Lx?sf] nflu dfq cg'zf;g cfjZos geP/ ;a} If]qdf cg'zf;g cfjZos /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . v]n k|bz{g ug{] qmddf Psn] cs{fnfO{ ;Ddfg ug{' k5{, v]ndf xf/ lht x'g] x'Fbf v]nf8Ln] v]n k|bz{g kl5 cg'zfl;t x'g'kg{] atfpg' eof] . gu/k|d'v czf]s Jof~h'n] v]nf8LnfO{ xf}+;nf k|bfg ub{} v]n If]qdf cfjZos ;xof]u ug{ cfkm' tof/ /x]sf] atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmddf w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf pk–k|d'v ladnf s'df/L zd{f,
sf]le8–!( af6 hf]lug clgjfo{ ?kdf df:s nufcf}+ . ;do ;dodf ;fa'g kfgLn] xft w'g] u/f}+ .
egf{ v'Nof] ! egf{ v'Nof] !! egf{ v'Nof] !!! o; ;~hLjgL sn]h w'lnv]ndf gofF z}lIfs ;q @)&&.)&* sf] nflu Joj:yfkg (B.B.S.) / lzIff zf:q (B.Ed.) ;+sfodf egf{ v'Nof] . sn]hsf yk cfsif{0fx? != English Language Classes @= Accounting Package Training on Computer #= Internship in Bank & Co-operative $= lzIff ;]jf cfof]usf] tof/L sIff . %= nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] tof/L sIff . ^= j}b]lzs cWoog tyf /f]huf/Lsf nflu k/fdz{ ;]jf . &= Motivational Classes *= Leadership & Personality Development Program (= cGt/ SofDk; cltl/Qm lqmofsnfk k|ltof]lutf ;+rfng ug{] . !)= z}lIfs e|d0f . !!= ljleGg If]qsf Joj;flos JolQmx?sf] cfjZos k/fdz{ . !@= 1 Month Preparation Classes for T.U. Board Exam
SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM Grade in 10+2 A+ A B+ B
Management and Education 100% in Adm. & Monthly Fee 75% in Adm. & Monthly Fee 50% in Adm. & Monthly Fee 25% in Adm. & 50% Monthly Fee
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g]jf/L vfhf, ysfnL vfgf, ;]s'jf, tf;, rfpldg, cd]l/sfgf] :k]zf] skmL nufot ;Dk"0f{ skmL, ljleGg k|sf/sf vfhf, aflx/af6 cfoft ul/Psf 3/]n' dlb/f
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motiramtimalsina@gmail.com
dlxnfx? k'?ifsf bf; x}gg\ s]lx lbg cl3 ljBfno uP/ kmls{PsL o'jtL 3/ kmls{gg\ . Psjif{ cl3 To:t} 36gfdf ;+nUg bf]ifLx? kQf nfUg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . Pskl5 csf{] 36gf eO{/xFbf ck/fwLx?sf] dgf]an lsg al9/x]sf] 5 < dlxnfx?k|ltsf] b[lii6sf]0fdf k'?ifx? v/fa g} x'g\ < eGg] agfpg lsg vf]lhb}5 < cyf{t\ dlxnf / k'?if aLrsf] ;dfgtfnfO{ c;dfg agfpg, k'?ifx?n] dlxnfx?nfO{ h;f]h;f] ubf{ klg x'G5 eGg] kfg{, ck/fwnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ub{} yk ck/fwx? df}nfpg lbg ;d'bfo lsg cu|;/ x'Fb}5 < ck/fwL hf]ufpg lsg ;d'bfosf cu'jf AolQmx? ;lqmo ePsf 5g\ < tdfd k|Zgx?sf aLr d d]/f] cfkm\gf] kL8f kf]Vb}5' . >Ldfgaf6 kLl8t AolQm x'F d . !) jif{ eof] ljjfx ePsf] . ( jif{sf] 5f]/f klg ;fyd} 5 . dfO{tLdf a'af cfdfsf] dfof ddtfd} x'Fs{bf dnfO{ b'Mvsf] vf;} cg'ej ePg . t/ klg ufpF 3/df x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf wGbfx? d]/f nflu gofF lyPgg\ . v]taf/Lsf] sfd klg u/]s} 5' . ljBfno klg uPs} lyPF . b'O{ 5f]/L / Ps 5f]/f . ;fdfGo kl/jf/df hlGdPsf] d]/f] kl/jf/ Hofnf kfgLdf Ao:t x'GYof] . ;fljs Rofd|fªa]zL xf] . kl5 a;fO{;/fO{ u/L w'lnv]nsf] sfe|]df a:g yflnPsf] /x]5 . ;dfh, ufpF / 6f]nsf] km/s km/s ;f]rfO{ x'g] /x]5 . ;dfhsf] a'emfO{ g} cnu k|s[ltsf] . a;fO{ ;/fO{ u/]/ cfP kl5 c?n] klg x]Kg] /x]5g\ . ul/a x'g'sf] Pp6f kL8f 5 . a;fO{;/fO{ u/]/ cfP kl5 csf{] kL8f x'GYof] . a'afcfdf Hofnf ug{ uP/ kmls{P kl5 dfq} a]n'sfsf] vfgfsf] aGbf]a:tL x'GYof] . ljBfno k7fP/ ;GtfgnfO{ k9fpg] cfkm' b'Mv ug{] x/]s afa' cfdfsf] rfxgf g} x'g] /x]5 . ;a} afa' cfdfsf] p:t} ;f]r x'G5 xf]nf eGg] d]/f] cg'e"lt 5 . s;}n] afa' cfdfaf6 klg kLl8t ePsf] syf ;'gfpFbf slxn]sfFlx dg s6Ss x'G5 . cfkm'nfO{ a'af cfdfn] dfof u/]sf] / 3/af6 kLl8t ePsf] ;'Gbf o:tf] klg x'g ;S5 / h:tf] nfU5 . kTofpg klg d'l:sn 5 . !& jif{sL lyPF ljjfx ubf{ . a'af cfdfsf] k|:tfj d}n] OGsf/ ug{ ;lSbgF lyPF . P;Pn;L;Dd cWoog
u/]sL 5' . sIff !! k9\g] rfxgf lyof] k'/f x'g ;s]g . a'afn] w'lnv]nd} /fd|f] s]6f 5, 3/ kl/jf/ klg /fd|f] 5 6f9f klg xf]O{g ljjfx ubf{ km/s kb{}g eGg'eof] . a'af;Fu} cfkmGtx?n] klg dnfO{ ljjfx ug{ k/fdz{ ug{'eof] . d]/f] efUo klg To:t} xf]nf . s;nfO{ bf]if lbpF . sIff ( k9\b} c;fWo} dg k/fpg] /fd|f] kl/jf/sf] s]6fsf] k|]d k|:tfjnfO{ d}n] cl:jsf/ u/]sf] lyPF . d]/f] ;f]r k|]d u/]/ ljjfx ug{' eGbf dfuL ljjfx ug{' /fd|f] 7fg]+ . Tolx plrt nfUof] / kl/jf/sf] k|:tfjnfO{ ;xh} l:jsfg{ ljjz ePF . nug klg cfO{ ;s]sf] lyof] xf]nf . ljjfx / d[To'sf] s'g 7]ufg x'Fbf] /x]5 / . ;fdfGo kl/jf/ eP klg a'afn] @ ;o hlt AolQmnfO{ ef]h v'jfpg ;Sg] arg lbg'eof] . cUgLnfO{ ;fIfL /fv]/ ljjfx ug{ d /fhL ePF . ev{/sf] pd]/ ePsfn] d cNnf/] h:t} lyPF . a'afcfdfsf] sfvdf x'ls{Psfn] dnfO{ 3/ Aojxf/sf] s'/f yfxf eP klg dtna nfUb}g lyof] . s]6L x]g{ cfpg] cyf{t s]6f / s]6L aLrsf] s'/fdf p;n] dnfO{ 3/ kl/jf/sf] / cfkm\gf] cg'zf;g eGbf aflx/ hfg gkfpg] atfPsf] lyof] . d}n] Tof] s'/fnfO{ /fd|f] dfg]sf] lyPF . 3/ kl/jf/sf] cg'zf;g t ;a}sf] uxgf xf] . cem dlxnfx?sf nflu Tof] eGbf dxTjk"0f{ s'/f s] x'g ;SYof] / < p;sf ;a} dfux? k'/f ug{ ;S5' elglbPF . ljjfxsf] lbg 3/df kfx'gfx? 6Gg ePsfn] p;n] klg /fd|f];Fu af]Ng] cj;/ kfPg . ef]lnkN6 p;n] dnfO{ ;fyLx?sf] ;+ut 7'nf] ePsf] s'/f atfof] . p;sf k'/fgf n'ufx?df r'/f]6sf 7'6fx? km]nf kf/]+ . d}n] ;f]w]+ tkfO{ r'/f]6 klg vfg' x'G5 < p;n] ;xh} eGof] r'/f]6 t ;fdfGo xf] d}n] t ufFhf lgoldt vfG5' . d 5fFufaf6 v;] em} ePF . s]lx af]Ng ;lsg . d;Fu pQ/ klg lyPg . ljjfxsf] bf]>f] lbgd} p;n] dnfO{ lbPsf] pQ/ Tolx lyof] . Ps dg nfUof] ljjfx eP/ s] ef] t p;;Fu d ;Fu} ;'Tof klg 5}g . ;dfhn] To;sf] >LdtL eg] klg d p;sf] >LdtL ePsf] 5}g . >LdtL g} gePsf] AolQm lsg ;Fu} al;/xg' < o;nfO{ ;'wfg{ ;lsPnf / < ufFhf vfg] AolQmsf] eljio s] xf]nf <
w]/} k6s d}n] cfkm}n] cfkm}nfO{ k|Zg u/]+ . d]/f] k|Zgsf] pQ/ d cfkm} ;Fu lyPg . s]lx ;do p;nfO{ d}n] kv{ / x]/f}+ ls eGg] klg nfUof] . d]/f] dg rf]g{ p;n] eg]sf] xf] ls eGg] nfUof] . clg w]/} a]/ kl5 af]n]+ tkfO{ ufFhf 5f8\g' x'G5 ls dnfO{ < ;xh} elglbof] ltdLnfO{ . clg lsg ljjfx u/]sf] t < of] 3/ kl/jf/sf nflu dfq} u/]sf] x'F . of] d]/f] afWotf xf] . d nfu' cf}ifwsf] b'Ao{;gLdf 5}g t/ k|of]u u5{' . ltd|f] Aojxf/df e/ kg{] xf] . emg} bf]wf/ eof] . l:jsf/f} jf gl:jsf/f}+ . Ps lbg ljjfx t ug{}k5{ . ;'wfg{ ;s]+ eg] t p;sf] klg hLjg /fd|} x'G5 . d]/f] hLjg klg /fd|} x'G5 . gx'Fbf t eO{ g} ;Sof] . To; lbgd} d}n] p;nfO{ hLjg / eljZosf af/]df ;Demfpg] k|of; u/]+ . unt af6f]df gnfUg ;'emfj lbPF . lbgx? laTb} uP . p;n] klxnf] jif{ cfkm'nfO{ vf;} Tof] af6f]df nufpg] k|of; klg u/]g . p sfd ug{ hfGYof] cfpFYof] . d ue{jtL ePF . klxnf] ;Gtfg 5f]/f hlGdof] . p;sf] klg v'zL g} lyof] . d klg v'zL g} lyPF . 3/df vf;} sfd lyPg . 3/s} ;fdfGo sfd u/]/ hLjg ljlt/x]sf] lyof] . SofDk; cWoog ug{] / hflu/ vfg] d]]/f] ;kgf cw'/} ePsf] lyof] . lj:tf/} >Ldfgsf] ;+ut klxnfs} ;fyLx?;Fu x'g yfn]5 . r'/f]6 vfg], ufFhf vfg] / /flt 3/df ca]/ cfpg] . slxn]sfFlx t /S;L klg vfg] . uf]hLdf s]lx k};f x'g} gx'g] /S;L vfg uO{ xfNg] . slt;Dd eg] d}n] cfkm\gf] AolQmut vlNtdf /fv]sf] /sd ;d]t p;n] rf]/L ug{ yfNof] . 5f]/f ;fgf] lyof] p;sf nflu slxn]sfFlx s]lx lsGg eg]/ dfO{tLaf6 nu]sf] /sd klg rf]/L u/]/ vfg yfn]kl5 d]/f] afWotf eof] . d}n] k};f ;xsf/Ldf /fVg yfn]+ . ;xsf/Ldf /fv] klg eg]sf] ;dodf lgsfNg gkfpg] ePsfn] ;xhtf x'g ;s]g . p;sf] afgL emg} lju|Fb} uof] . d lbpF;e/L Hofnf ug{ hfGy]+ . p a]n'sf cfP/ dnfO{ s'6\g yfNof] . p;n] eg] h:tf] ePg eg] hlta]nf klg h;/L klg cfqmd0f ug{ yfNof] . 3/s} s'/f xf] s;nfO{ egf} < dfO{tLdf egf} cfkm' sdhf]/ x'g] gegf}+ dfnf{ eGg] 8/ . 3/ kl/jf/n] klg d]/f]
d}n] vfgf vfFb} ePsfn] p;nfO{ k:sg nfUb} lyPF. >Ldfg eGbf >LdtLn] vfgf vfg] eGb} eft 6fpsf]af6 vGofO{lbof]. hf8f]sf] ;do lyof]. tftf] kfgL 6fpsf]af6 vGofO{ lbof]. 5f]/fn] cfdfnfO{ gdfg{' eGbf eGb} p;n] nuftf/ cfqmd0f ul//x\of]. 3/ leq} /fv]/ hnfpg] k|of; u¥of]. 3/sf dfG5]x? s;}n] p;nfO{ /f]s]gg\. kIfdf s'/f u/]g . 5f]/fs} cf8 lnP/ dnfO{ unt ;fljt u/fpg] k|of; eof] . clt g} eP kl5 dfO{tLdf eg]+ . k|x/Lsf]df ph'/L lbPF . dlxnf ;]ndf k6s–k6s 5nkmn eof] . p;n] nfu' cf}ifw 5f8\5' eG5 . s'6\lbg eG5 . t/ slxNo} afgL 5f8\b}g . w]/} k6s ePkl5 k|x/LnfO{ klg emsf{] nfu]5 Sof/ ca 5f]8kq u/]/ a:g' elglbof] . Ps lbg vfgf vfFb} lyof}+ . d / 5f]/f] dfq ePsf] avt 6Gg /S;L / ufFhf vfP/ 3/ leq k:of] . d}n] vfgf vfFb} ePsfn] p;nfO{ k:sg nfUb} lyPF . >Ldfg eGbf >LdtLn] vfgf vfg] eGb} eft 6fpsf]af6 vGofO{lbof] . hf8f]sf] ;do lyof] . tftf] kfgL 6fpsf]af6 vGofO{ lbof] . 5f]/fn] cfdfnfO{ gdfg{' eGbf eGb} p;n] nuftf/ cfqmd0f ul//x\of] . 3/ leq} /fv]/ hnfpg] k|of; u¥of] . 3/sf dfG5]x? s;}n] p;nfO{ /f]s]gg\ . x'g t d cnu a:b} cfPsf] lyPF . t/ klg rf;f] geP kl5 /flt g} lx8]/ sfe|]af6 w'lnv]n cfPF . k|x/Lsf]df k'Ubf klg d}n] Gofo kfpg ;lsgF . Gofosf nflu ef}tfl/PF . 5f]/f] ef]sf]n] cfdf stf hfg] eG5 . cfwf /ftdf w'lnv]ndf lx8]/ cfpFbf klg kLl8t dfyL emg} kLl8t ePF . vfgnfO{ cGg 5}g . Hofnf u/f} 3/df a:g lbb}g . hfpF stf u/f} s] < cfTdxTofsf] k|of; klg gu/]sf] xf]O{g . tfdf h:tf] slnnf] 5f]/f ;lDemP/ ;+3if{ ub{} uPF . ljjfx u/]sf] * jif{ nfUof] . p nfu' cf}ifwsf] Pl8S6 ePsf] /x]5 . ;'wf/ u[xdf nu]/ ^ dlxgf /fv]+ . k};f geP klg cg'go ljgo u/]+ . Hofnf u/]/ cfkm' gvfO{ gvfO{ ;'wf/ u[xdf a'emfPF . tLg dlxgf k|x/Lsf]df y'gfPF . t/ klg p ;'w|g ;s]g . z'?df 5f]/fnfO{ gLlh ljBfnodf k9fpg egf{ u/]sf lyPF .
>l[i6sfGtdf $ nfv %) xhf/sf] cIfosfi]f :yfkgf gfnf÷>[ l i6sfGt cfwf/e' t ljBfnosf] bf]>f] jflif{s pT;a tyf cleefjs e]nf ag]kf gu/kflnsf gu/ k|d'v nIdL g/l;+ afb]sf] k|d'v cfltYodf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltyL afb]n] lzIffdf z}lIfs :t/ psf:gsf nfuL ljBfno, cleefjs lzIfs / ljBfyL{ nfUg'kg{] atfpg' eof] . ;/sf/n] lzIffdf ;a}eGbf 7'nf] nufgL u/]sfn] lzIffsf] u'0f:t/Lotfdf Wofg lbg'kg{] atfpg' eof] . gu/kflnsfn] afnaflnsfx?sf nfuL sIff % ;Dd lgMz'Ns lbjf vfhf, sIff & b]vLsf
5fqfx?nfO{ ;] g ] 6 /L Kof8, 5fqfa[ l Q nufotsf ;fdu| L x? k| b fg u/] s f] / lzIfsx?sf] b/aGbL ldnfg wdfwd ul//x] s f] atfpg' eof] . gu/leqsf ljBfnox?df ef}lts ljsf; e}O{;s]sfn] ca lzIffdf km\8sf] dfg{'kg{] bf]xf]¥ofpg' eof] . sfo{qmddf ag]kf gu/kflnsf pkk|d'v /]vf ;fksf]6f bfxfn, lzIff zfvf k|d'v Zofd l;+ wfld $ g+= j8f cWoIf Zof;'Gb/ >]i7, cleefjs, lzIfs ljBfyL{ nufotsf AolQmx?n] z'esfdgf dGtAo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ljBfnosf] jflif{s k|lta]bg ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofks k'?iff]Qd
ahufO{n] k|:t't ug{' ePsf] lyof] . ahufO{n] ljBfnodf cIfosf] i fsf] :yfkgf u/L pQm sf] i faf6 k| f Kt x' g ] Aofhaf6 ljfBnfodf cWog/t ljBfyL{ x ?nfO{ 5fqa[ l Q k| b fg ul/g] atfpg' eof] . cIfosf] i f :yfkgf ug{ ;xof] u L ljleGg AolQm, ;+3 ;+:yf, cleefjsx?nfO{ wGoafb lbg' ePsf lyof] . sfo{ q mddf ljBfnodf $ nfv %) xhf/sf] cIfosf] i fsf] :yfkgf ul/Psf] lyof] . cIfosf] i f :yfkgfsf nflu ljBfnosf k| w fgfWofks k' ? iff] Q d ahfufO{ n ] :j=lktf lty{ k| ; fb ahfufO{ / dftf eujtL
ahufO{ s f] :d[ l tdf @ nfv k| b fg ug{ ' ePsf] lyof] . To;} u /L :j= t' N ;L >] i 7sf] :d[ l tdf wd{ k TgL kl/ >] i 7af6 ! nfv, k" j { lzIfs /fdeQm >] i 7af6 ! nfv, k" j { lzIfs dfwanfn >] i 7af6 %) xhf/ k| b fg ug{ ' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{ q mddf g] k fn k' : ts tyf :6] z g/L sfe| ] zfvfn] z} l Ifs ;fdfu| L / gfnfdL ;dfhsf cWoIf rGb| n fn >] i 7n] ljBfyL{ x ?nfO{ emf] n f ljt/0f ug{ ' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{ q md ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf ofbjs[ i 0f >] i 7sf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
;ftfsf] /flzkmn -@)&& kmfu'g ^–!@_ ;fKtflxs k~rf· d]if
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* ut] ci6dL a|t, !! ut] PsfbzL a|t, & ut] k|hftGq lbj; .
^–!! ut];Dd cfsl:ds wgnfe, k/fqmd j[l4, bfh' e fO{ a f6 ;xof] u k| f lKt, aGw'x?;Fu /dfO{nf] ;do laTg]5, a'waf/ rflxF 5fltsf] /f]u ;fy} hnsf] eo /xnf . dGq M ç Sn]zlgzfo SnL ç . cfh ;do ljk/Lt x'Fbf rf]6k6ssf] eo /x]sf] 5, afFsL lbgdf pkxf/ cflb j:t' k|flKt, af]nLsf] k|efj a9\gfn] sfo{df ;kmntf ;fy} ;fx; / w}o{tf a9\nf . dGq M ç e+ e+ e}/jfo gdM . cfh wg cfudgsf] gofF gofF af6f] j[l4 x'Fbf dg k|zGg /xnf, &–( ut];Dd zq' j[l4 x'g]5g\, afFsL lbgdf ldi7fGg ef]hg k|flKt ;fy} ldqsf] ;xof]u klg k|flKt xf]nf . dGq M ç gdf] eujt] jf;'b]jfo .
^–( ut;]Dd k/"} /fHoaf6 ;v ' nfe, ;fy} Jofkf/af6 dg1 wg kf|lKt xfn ] f, !)–!! ut;]Dd df6]f] wg/fzL vr{ xfn ] f, aw'af/ rflxF z/L/ lg/fu]L /xnf . dGq M ç u+ u0fkto gdM .
l;+x
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t'nf
^–!! ut];Dd df+ulns sfo{df ;+nUgtf, hflu/df k|df]zg k|flKt, /fd|f] dfG5]sf] ;+ut, 3/df a6'ssf] cfudg x'g]5, clGtd lbg rf] 6 k6ssf] eo x' F b f ;hu /xg'xf]nf . dGq M ç lx/0o?kfo gdM . cfh /f]u / zq' j[l4 xf]nfg\, afFsL lbgdf u'?ju{af6 ;xof]u k|flKt, OlR5t sfo{ l;l4 tyf k"0f{tf, ;do cfˆgf] cg's"n x'Fbf dg k|zGg /xnf . dGq M ç x|L+ a6's e}/jfo x|L+ ç . cfh gljg jfxg ;fy} ofqf nfesf] ofu] /xs ] f] 5, &–( ut;]Dd dT[ot'N'o si6 cfOkgfn { ] ;hu /xg'xf]nf, afFsL lbgdf efUofb]osf] ;do klg /xs ] f] 5 . dGq M ç qmL+ sfNo} gdM . ^–( ut];Dd zq'efj kl/0ft, ld7fld7f k|]d jftf{nfe x'g]5, !)–!! ut];Dd rf]6k6ssf] eo /x]sf] 5, a'waf/ rflxF gljg sfo{df ;xeflutf xf]nf . dGq M ç qmL+ sfNo} gdM .
j[lZrs ldqdf
wg'
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^–!! ut];Dd cWoog cWofkgdf ?rL j[l4, /f]uaf6 d'lQm, ljk/Lt lnËaf6 ;'v k|flKt ;fy} dg1 wg k|flKt xf]nf, !@ ut] dfgl;s kL8f ;xg'knf{ . dGq M ç lg+ lglvn+ lg+ ç . cfh cfkmGt;Fu j}/efj j[l4 ;fy} k]6df ljsf/ cfpnf, afFsL lbgdf ;Gtfgaf6 ;'v k|flkt, dfg kb P]Zjo{ j[l4, ljBfdf ;kmntf, ;fy} z/L/df :j:ytf cfpnf . dGq M P] x|L+ P]+ ;/:jTo} gdM . cfh kfl/jf/Ls ;'v k|flKt x'g]5, &–( ut];Dd lgb|fdf c;'ljwf ;fy} lrQdf r+rntf cfpnf, afFsL lbgdf nfdf] ofqfsf] of]u ;fy} /f]uaf6 d'lQm ldNnf . dGq M ç b'+ b'uf{o gdM .
^–( ut];Dd cfsl:ds wgnfe, cw'/f sfo{ ;xh} ;kmn x'g]5, !)–!! ut];Dd g/fd|f] ;kgf bz{g xf]nf, clGtd lbg ldi7fGg ef]hg k|flKt xf]nf . dGq M ç ;fDa;bf lzjfo gdM .
cRo"tfgGb Hof]= cfo"j{]lbs cf}ifwfno,ag]kf, kgf}tL/f]8,uf]bfdrf]s, kmf]g g+= )!!^^#$(^
ToxfF dlxgf z'Ns ltg{ g;s]/ ;/sf/L ljBfnod} egf{ u/]+ . ljBfnodf hfg 5fnfsf] h' Q f rflxg] /x] 5 . 5f] / f] n fO{ Knfl:6ssf] h'Qf lslglbPsf] lyPF . p;n] eG5 of] h'Qfn] hfg ldNb}g /] . p;sf] rfxgf k"/f ug{ klg ;s]sf] 5}g . cfˆgf] Hofg hf]ufpg] ls < 5f]/fsf] ;+/If0f ug{] ls < >Ldfg\sf] lbg lbgsf] s'6fO{ vfP/ a:g] < 5f]8kq ug{] k|of; klg gu/]sf] xf]O{g . p;Fu ;Dklt s]lx 5}g . ePsf] ;a} ;Dklt C0f b]vfO{Psf] 5 . 5f]/fn] afa' v} eGbf s] egf} < c? ;a}sf afa'x?sf] ;+/If0f b]Vbf nfU5 hGdFb} lsg lgdf]7\g ;lsg5' < ue{ d} lsg d'8\sL ahf/]g 5' < t/ klg kfk lsg ug{' . 5f]/fn] eljiodf s]lx u5{ ls < bf]>f] k6s 3/ 5f8]/ efUbf 5f]/fn] eGof] cfdf tkfO{nfO{ d 7'nf] eP kl5 3/ agfP/ ;'v lbP/ kfN5' x} . kL8fdf /f]Psf] d v'zLn] ub\ub\ ePF . ;Snf g;Snf t/ ;Demfpg] k|of; u¥of] . cWoog u/]sf] 5' /f]huf/L 5}g . /f]huf/L eP klg p;n] arfpg lbb}g . o:tf dlxnfx?sf nflu :yfgLo ;/sf/n] s] ug{ ;Snf < /f]huf/Lsf nflu l;k cfjZos 5 . l;k l;Sg] k};f 5}g . hlt lbg] n}lËs lx+;f lj/f]wL cloefg dgfP klg xfd|f] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu gLlt agfP/ sfo{ q md nfu' geP;Dd kLl8tx?sf] ;+Vof sd xf]O{g ylkb} hfg]5 .
lztn l3ld/] w'lnv]n, sfe|] -of] syf cfh ljxLjf/ a]ns ' f * ah]sf] :yfgLo ;dfrf/kl5 b]j/fh a8fnsf] ;fydf k|fO{d PkmPd !)$=% d]ufxh{df ;'Gg ;Sg'x'g]5 ._
uhn k/b]zL df]x 3/ / k/b]zsf] b'/L 6f9f ePklg cfFugsf] dfof w]/} glhs bnfgsf] ;Demgf w]/} uf9f / r'Nxfsf] lrGtg w]/} uDeL/ 3/nfO{ Plt w]/} dfof s;}n] ub}{g hlt k/b]zLn] u5{ . 3/sf] r/;Fusf] gftf k/b]zLnfO{ yfxf 5 3/sf] d"n9f]sfaf6 leq k:g' / h:s]nfaf6 aflxl/g'sf] cy{ k/b]zLnfO{ yfxf 5 t/ pm eGb}g cy{sf] s'/f 3/ aGwgsf] s'/f p;n] hfg]sf] olt xf] 3/;Fu p;sf] gftf 5 ulx/f] k|frLg / chDa/L . k/b]zL dgdf, tgdf 3/sf] dfof lnP/ hxfF k'u] klg hxfF 8'n] klg e]l6b}g 3/sf] dfof la;fpg] 7fpF . 3/df a:g] 3/df /dfpg] k/b]zLsf] rfxgf t/ p;sf rfxgfx¿ s;}nfO{ eGb}g k/b]zL 3/sf] dfofn] lbg /ft ?G5 k|jf;df xfF:5 k|jf;df / 3/ ;lDemb} p;sf] lbg laT5 laT5 /ft . 3/ / k/b]zL 5 k/b]zL 5 / 3/ 5 k/b]zL… d k/b]zL .
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o'jf;3+ w'lnv]n ( df /d]z sfe|]÷o'jf ;+3 w'lnv]n gu/ ( gDa/ j8f sld6Lsf] o'jf e]nf tyf k|lzIf0f g]skf s]lG›o sld6L ;b:o Pj+ kf6L{ lhNnf sld6L cWoIf gu/ k|d'v czf]s Jof~h'sf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sfo{ q mdsf k| d ' v cltyL Aof~h'n] o'jfx?n] ;dfh kl/jt{g ug{] ePsfn] ;lx af6f]df nfUg'kg{] atfpg' eof] . o'jfx? ljb]lzg] xf]O{g g]kfnd} s]lx ug{'k5{ Aof~h'n] eGg'eof] ;/sf/n] o'jfx?nfO{ o'jf :j/f]huf/ sfo{qmd, ;x'lnot shf{ k|jfx, z}lIfs k|df0f–kq shf{ nufotsf ;'ljwfx? pknAw u/fPsf] atfpg' eof] . sfo{qmddf k"j{ /fHodGqL Pj+ g]skf s]lGb|o ;b:o /]zd nfdf, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf pk k|d'v Pj+ lhNnf sld6L ;b:o ljdnf zdf{, e'ld cfof]u cWoIf /fd s[i0f x'dfufO{, j8f cWoIf lg/fhg h+ud, a;Gt /fgfef6, k'ik /fpt, lji0f' sfe|]nL lhNNff sld6L ;b:ox? nufotsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . e]nfn] /d]z /fh x'dfufO{ ;+of]hs ljsf; tfdfª ;x–;+of]hs ;/f]h x'dfufO{ ;lrj /x]sf] ;ldtL rog u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmddf :jfut dGtAo lhNnf sld6L ;b:o /fdk|;fb x'dfufO{n] /fVg' ePsf] lyof] eg] ;efkltTj ;'lgn /fgfef6n] ug{' ePsf] lyof] .
;f]gfd Nxf]5f/ ljljw ;f“:s[lts sfo{qmd
w' l nv] n ÷dGh' > L ;Djt @*%& cyf{t ;f]gfd Nxf]5f/sf] cj;/df a[xt Nxf]5f/ ;fF:s[lts sfo{qmd g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf cWoIf w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf k|d'v tyf g]skf lhNnf sld6L cWoIf czf] s AofGh' s f] k| d ' v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . av' 0 8f] n a[ 4 kfs{ s f] cfof]hgfdf ul/Psf] pQm sfo{qmddf /fli6«o tyf :yflgo snfsf/x?sf] af]hf]8 k|:t'tL /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltyL AofGh'n] gu/kflnsfdf ;a} hfthftL wd{ ;F:s[ltx?nfO{ ;Ddfg / ;+/If0f ul/g] atfpg' eof] . gu/n] ;a} wd{nfO{ kj{sf ?kdf lnO{ ;Ddfg :j?kdf ljbf ;d]t lbg] ul/Psf] atfpg' eof] .
AofGh'n] ;dfhdf hf]ufpg' kg{] g} cfkm\gf] wd{ / ;F:s[lt ePsfn] clxn]sf] lkFl9x?n] To;nfO{ lj:tf/} lj;{b} uPsf] ;d]t atfpg' eof] . wd{ / ;F:s[lts hf]ufpg' ;a}sf] bfloTj /x]sfn] gu/kflnsfn] cleefjs u|x0f u/L ;a}nfO{ ;Ddfg ul/ ah]6 ;d]t aoa:yfkg u/]sf] AofGh'n] atfpg' eof] . sfo{qmddf w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf pkk|d'v ljdnf zdf{, $ gDa/ j8f cWoIf /ljGb| sd{rfo{, cGt/fli6«o tfdfª kl/ifb\sf al/i7 pkfWoIf 6f;L nfdf, ;dfh;]jL bf]h{]dfg lhSaf, /fli6«o snfsf/x? a[l4 tfdfª-x}6_ ljs' yf]s/ zld{nf lyª nufot snfsf/x?n] ;fF:s[lts sfo{qmd u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmd av'G8f]n a'4 kfs{sf cWoIf ;Todfg nfdfsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
w'lnv]n======================= gefUg ;d]t cg'/f]w ug{' ePsf] lyof] . w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfnfO{ b]zs} gd'gf agfpg nfUg' ePsf]df ;Dk'0f{ l6dnfO{ 1jfnLn] wGoafb lbg' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf k"j{ ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqL uf]s'n af:sf]6fn] b]z lgjf{rgdf uPsfn] ;Dk'0f{ sfe|]nL hgtfnfO{ lgjf{rgdf ;xefuL x'g cfu|x ug{' ePsf] lyof] . xfdLn] lgjf{rgdf k|lta4tf u/]sf ljsf;sf sfdx? s]lx ;DkGg ePsf / s]lxsf] hu /flvPsfn] To;nfO{ ;DkGg u/fpgsf nfuL km]/L lhtfpg' kg{] atfpg' eof] . cGwsf/tkm{ hfg] sL pHofnf] tkm{ hfg] hgtfn] g} /f]Hg' kg{] af:sf]6fn] atfpg' eof] . gu/ k|d'v czf]s Aof~h'n] w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfnfO{ lzIff, :jf:Yo, ko{6g, k"jf{wf/ tyf vfg]kfgL nufotsf If]qdf ;d[4 agfpbF} cl3 a9]sf] atfpg' eof] . sfo{qmddf w'lnv]n ;]jf >Laf6 ;Ddflgt g]kfn ;/sf/sf ;lra uf]lkgfy d}gfnL, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf pk k|d'v ljdnf zdf{ rf}nfufO{, w'lnv]n gu/ afn ;~hfnsf ;x ;lra cWoIf ;f}/e lwtfn nufotsf AolQmx?n] z'esfdgf dGtAo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ljleGg ljwfaf6 ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . 8f= /fh]Gb| sf]h'nfO{ w'lnv]n /Tg, ab|L axfb'/ /fO{nfO{ w'lnv]n gIfq, e'jg rf}nfufO{ w'lnv]n k|1f>L, uf]lkgfy d}gfnLnfO{ w'lnv]n ;]jf>L, tf/fgfy n'O{6]nnfO{ w'lnv]n tf/f, a]bk|;fb sf]h"nfO{ w'lnv]n tf/f, ;]e b lrN8\«]gnfO{ w'lnv]n tf/f, ;/f]h Kofs'/]nnfO{ w'lnv]n tf/f, Hof]T;gf ;}h"nfO{ w'lnv]n tf/faf6 ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . z/brGb| yfkfnfO{ hg;]jf>Laf6 / sfo{qmd clws[t ljb'/ uf}tdnfO{ hg;]jf>Laf6 ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf k|eft km]/L ug{'sf ;fy} ljleGg k|sf/sf k|b{zgL ;d]t ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmd ;fdflhs ljsf; zfvf clws[t ljb'/ uf}tdn] ;+rfng ug{'ePsf] lyof] .
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"Inflame your mind with quality education"
Admission Open for
BBS
(4 yrs Programme)
Banepa
Siddhartha College Banepa-8, Kavre, Phone: 011-661110,011-661143 URL: www.siddhartha.edu.np facebook: www.facebook.com/banepasiddharthacollege
Form Distribution : (6:30am-3:30PM)
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BBS
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Banepa-8 Ittabhatta, Kavre
;Dks{ g+=(*%!)*$%#!
Civic Forum for Sustainable Development (Civic Forum) Kavrepalanchok
INVITATION TO BID (First Published on 18/02/2021) Civic Forum for Sustainable Development (Civic Forum), one of the leading members based Nepalese nongovernmental organization (NGO) based at the Kavrepalanchok district, is implementing the project "Sanitation Trailblazer: Resilient Children in Nepal (STRCN)", which is supported by WaterAid Nepal (WAN). Under this project, Civic Forum invites legally registered companies or firms, who are working in the field of construction and establishment of bio sand filters, for establishing 13 numbers of 750 liter capacity bio sand filters in 13 schools of Chaurideurali Rural Municipality, Kavrepalanchok. ¨ Materials and items required to be purchased will be as mentioned in the bidding documents. ¨ Interested eligible bidders can request for bidding documents by writing to procurement@civicforum.org.np ¨ Legal Requirements: ¨ A company or firm should be legally registered in authentic Governmental body. ¨ A company or firm must have VAT Registration Certificate. ¨ A company or firm must have Tax clearance documents up to FY 2076/77. ¨ It is an asset if a company or firm has past experience related to establishment of bio sand filters. ¨ Bidders are encouraged to submit and register bidding documents with sealed quotation along with above mentioned required documents in the following address by 24th February, 2021 before office closing time, i.e. 5:00 P.M. Office of Civic Forum, Dhulikhel Municipality, Ward No. 3, Pipalbot Maarga, House number 420, Dhulikhel, Kavrepalanchok. ¨ No action will be taken for the documents submitted after the deadline and for incomplete documents as mentioned in above point. ¨ Bids registered in Civic Forum's office will be opened at 12:00 P.M. on the eighth day, i.e. 25th February, 2021, in presence of organization's Procurement committee's coordinator, members, Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and representatives from bidders. There should not be any objection to open bids on the mentioned day and time, even if there is no presence of representatives from bidders' party. ¨ All rights to select and reject received bid documents reserved with Civic Forum. Except for above mentioned points, Terms and conditions mentioned in Civic Forum's procurement guideline and decisions from Procurement committee will be applicable for the selection of vendor.
ljz]iftfx? – tflnd k|fKt, bIf tyf cg'ejL lzIfsx?af6 cWofkg u/fO{g] . – v]n / k|of]ufTds cEof;af6 l;Sg pTk|]l/t ug{] . – afnaflnsfsf] :jf:Yo jLdfsf] Joj:yf . – afn dgf]lj1fgdf cfwfl/t lzIf0f ljlw ckgfO{g] . – 3/fo;L tyf dfofn' jftfj/0fdf /dfO{nf], ;'/lIft / k|efjsf/L 9+un] l;sfO{g] . – afnaflnsfd}qL sIff sf]7f, pko'Qm l;sfO{ ;fdu|L / v]ns"bsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] . – gfgLafa'sf] l;sfO{ / ;'/Iffsf] ;'lglZrttfsf] nflu l;l; Sofd]/fsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] . – cleefjssf] cfjZostf cg';f/ æ8] s]o/Æ sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] . – :jR5, :j:ys/ / ;Gt'lnt vfgfvfhfsf] Joj:yf ePsf] . – /f]ux?af6 aRgsf] nflu ;'/lIft vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO{ / :jR5tfsf ;'ljwfx?sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] .
For more detail: Phone: 011-490744/ 011-490470
r]i6f klAns]zg k|f=ln=åf/f k|sflzt tyf d'lb|t, cWoIf M czf]s Jof~h", sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbs M df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf, ;x ;Dkfbs M nId0f ltdlN;gf, sDKo'6/ ck/]6/ M nf]saxfb'/ yfkf, sfof{no M ag]kf !), sfe|], kmf]g g+= )!!^^@$($, email: cheshtaweekly@yahoo.com/website: www.cheshtaweekly.com.np, d'b|0f M ;Gtf]if lk|lG6ª k|];, ag]kf, sfe|] .