Year 30 issue 15

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k|b]z :t/sf] ‘s’ >]0fLsf] ;fKtflxs

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CHESHTA WEEKLY jif{ #) c+s !% @)*) kmfu'g # ut] ljxLjf/ (Thursday, 15 Feb. 2024) g]kfn ;+jt\ !!$$, d"No ?= %. -pkTosfsf] nflu ?= &_ k]h * www.cheshtaweekly.com.np

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lhNnfdf ^( xhf/ ( ;o $! kl/jf/ s[lif k]zfdf df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf w'lnv]n g]kfnsf k|To]s :yfgLo txsf] s[lif ;+/rgf, ultljlw tyf s[lif pTkfbg ;DaGwL ljj/0f ;+sngsf nflu /fli6«o tYofÍ sfof{non] /fli6«o s[lif u0fgf @)&* ;+rfng u/]sf] lyof] . g]kfndf o:tf] s[lif u0fgf klxnf] k6s @)!* ;fndf ePsf] lyof] . k|To]s bz–bz jif{df s[lif u0fgf x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . kl5Nnf] s[lif u0fgf @)&* oxL qmdsf] ;ftf}+ u0fgf xf] . @)&* ;fnsf] of] s[lif u0fgfn] g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df ^) jif{sf] cjlw k'/f u/L ;+3Lo 9fFrf cg';f/sf :yfgLo tx;Ddsf s[lif ;DaGwL tYofÍx? pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . u0fgfdf s[ifsn] rng u/]sf] hUufsf] cfsf/ -gfk_, hUufsf] pkef]u / pkof]u afnL, afnL nfu]sf] If]qkmn / pTkfbg, l:fFrfOsf] ljj/0f, s[lif ;fdu|L / cf}hf/sf] pkof]u, kfNt' kG5Lsf] ;+Vof, ;xfos s[lif lqmofsnfk ;DaGwL ljj/0f, s[lif sfo{df ;+nUg hgzlQm, s[lifjg, s[lif C0f, jLdf, cg'bfg, s[lif

sfo{df hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|efj, s[lifdf xl/t u[x÷6g]n k2ltsf] k|of]u, df6f] kl/If0f, s[lif ahf/sf] kx'Fr, kmf]x/sf] Joj:yfkg h:tf ljljw ljifox?df tYofÍ ;+sng u/L ljifox? ;DaGwL dxTjk"0f{ glthf k|sflzt u/]sf] lyof] . lhNnfdf a[xQ s[lif dxf]T;jsf] cfof]hgf eO{/x]sf avt ;j{;fwf/0fx?sf nflu / ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?sf nflu ;d]t hfgsf/L lbg] p2]Zon] xfdLn] tYofÍ sfof{non] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf s[lif / kz'kfngsf s]lx tYofÍx?nfO{ oxfF k|:t't ug{] hdsf{] u/]sf 5f}+ . lhNnfdf s'n (! xhf/ $ ;o @* 3/ kl/jf/ 5g\ . h;dWo] ^( xhf/ ( ;o $! 3/ kl/jf/ s[lif k]zfdf ;+nUg 5g\ . h;af6 #% xhf/ # ;o %& x]S6/ hldg s[ifsx?n] rng u/]sf 5g\ . ! nfv (% xhf/ ! ;o (# lsQf hldg s[lifdf /xFbf cf}ift lsQf ;+Vof @=* /x]sf] 5 . h;df & xhf/ & ;o !$ x]S6/ dfq} l;+rfO{ ePsf] 5 . /fli6«o s[lifu0fgf @)&* cg';f/ lhNnfdf /x]sf s[ifs ^( xhf/ ( ;o $! 3/ kl/jf/ dWo] %* xhf/ ! ;o (^ 3/ kl/jf/ kz'kfngdf

lhNnfdf ^ xhf/ ( ;o * s[ifs kl/jf/n] ;/sf/L cg'bfg k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . !@ xhf/ # ;o &( kl/jf/n] s[lif k|of]hgdf ljdf u/]sf 5g\ . #) xhf/ & ;o %^ s[ifs kl/jf/n] C0f cfjZostf ePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . ( xhf/ ^ ;o @( kl/jf/n] s[lif k|of]hgsf nflu a}+saf6 C0f k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . lhNnfdf s'n (! xhf/ $ ;o @* 3/ kl/jf/ 5g\ . ;+nUg 5g\ . kz'kfngdf ;a}eGbf a9L @& xhf/ & ;o @@ s[ifs kl/jf/n] %* xhf/ % ;o % j6f /fFuf / e}+;L kfn]sf 5g\ . @% xhf/ * ;o $ s[ifsx?n] %$ xhf/ % ;o !^ j6f ufO{ / uf]? kfn]sf 5g\ . #% xhf/ ( ;o (( s[ifs kl/jf/n] s'v/f kfln/x]sf 5g\ . :yfgLo tx cGt/ut kgf}tL gu/kflnsf kz'kG5L kfngdf cu|:yfgdf /x]sf] 5 . kgf}tLdf dfq} # xhf/ ( hgf s[ifs kl/jf/n] ^ xhf/ ( ;o % j6f /fFuf e};L / @ xhf/ % ;o @) s[ifs kl/jf/n] ! nfv ^^ xhf/ s'v'/f kfn]sf 5g\ . lhNnfdf ;a}eGbf a9L vfBfGg afnL @(,##*=& x]S6/df nufPsf 5g\ . sGbd'n afnL %*!$

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xflb{s lgdGq0ff w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] #* cf}+ :yfkgf lbj; sfo{qmd x'g] ePsf]n] ;Dk"0f{ gu/jf;Lx?df pkl:yltsf nflu xflb{s cfdGq0f ub{5f}+ . sfo{qmd ldlt M @)*) kmfu'g % ut] zlgjf/ -g]kfn ;Djt\ !!$$ l;NnfYj, *_ ¥ofnL z'? x'g] ;do M ljxfg !!M)) ah] e]nf x'g] :yfg M ;/:jtL kfs{, w'=g=kf=–& sfo{qmd ;'? x'g] ;do M !@M#) ah] :yfg M w'lnv]n ;efxn, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf

/xg] s[lif ;fdfu|L / s[lif afFsL & k]hdf

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pd]/sf :yfgLo tx cg';f/sf] ljj/0f tyf d'Vo :yfoL afnL ;'Gtnf, h'gf/, sfutL, cfFk, s]/f / :ofpsf] au}rfsf] ?kdf nufOPsf] If]qkmn, af]6 ;+Vof tyf 5l/Psf af]6 ;+Vof / v]tL ug]{ s[ifs kl/jf/ ;+Vof ;d]t u0fgfdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . lhNnfdf s[ l if ;fdfu| L , aLpljhg, ljifbL, dn tyf s[lif ;fdfu|Lx?sf] d'Vo afnLx?df k|of]u ug{] s[ifsx?sf] kl/jf/ yf]/} 5 . :yfgLo hftsf ljpljhg k|of]u ug{] s[ifs kl/jf/ !@ xhf/ ! ;o @!, pGgt hftsf] ljp ljhg k|of]u ug{] s[ifs kl/jf/ $ xhf/ ^ ;o ^% / xfO{lj|8 k|of]u ug{] !# xhf/ ^ ;o ^( kl/jf/ 5g\ . s[ifsx? dWo] !$ xhf/ # ;o ** kl/jf/n] ls6gfzs ljiffbL k|of]u u5{g eg] :yfgLo h}ljs afFsL @ k]hdf

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dfcf]jfbLsf] bzjif{] hgo'4n] g]kfnsf] /fhg}lts cfly[s ;fdflhs / hghLljsfsf] s'g rflxF If]qdf cfd"n kl/jt{g u¥of] / To; lbgnfO{ hgo'4 lbj; eg]/ v'zL dgfpg' <

lrlgofF sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf ;+:yfks g]tf ljZj ;j{xf/f ju{sf dxfg\ qmflGtsf/L hglk|o g]tf dfcf]T;]t'ªsf] gfdnfO{ cfˆgf] kf6L{sf] gfddf hf]8]/ u7g ePsf] g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ dfcf]jfbLn] lj=;+= @)%@ ;fn kmfu'g ! ut] ;'? u/]sf] bzjif{] ;z:q hgo'4df ljb|f]xL / ;/sf/ kIfsf] sf/jfxLdf k/L ;q xhf/ lgbf{]if g]kfnL hgtfx?n] Hofg u'dfpg' k/]sf] / /fHosf] caf}+{ ?k}ofFsf] ef}lts ;+/rgf Wj:t ePsf] lyof] . b]zsf b'u{d:yfg ?s'd, /f]Nkfsf ;f]emfl;wf hgtfx?nfO{ sfNklgs /fHo Joj:yfsf] ;kgf afF8]/ ;'? ul/Psf] slyg hgo'4sf k|f/lDes lbgx?sf s]lx ;fdflhs ljs[lt / lj;+ult lj?4sf cleofgx? dfbs kbfy{sf] pTkfbg ljqmLljt/0f / ;]jgdf k|ltaGw, ;dfhdf h'jftf;, dlxnf lx+;f nufot ;fdflhs ljlw Jojxf/df ul/g] t8se8s sfo{df nufOPsf] k|ltaGwnfO{ g]kfnL hgtfn] :jLsf/]sf klg lyP . t/ kl5 ha hgo'4 JolQm xTof, cfuhgL, /fHosf] ef}lts ;DklQ tf]8kmf]8 rGbf cft+s x'Fb} hgo'4df ?kfGt/0f ePkl5 dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ To;sf sfo{stf{ cfd g]kfnL hgtfaLr t;f{pg] e"tsf] ?kdf lrq0f x'g yfn] . olt dfq} xf]Og g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] rnfPsf] bz jif{] hgo'4 / ljWj+zsf] sf/0f ljZj ;j{xf/f ju{sf cfb/0fLo g]tf dfcf]T;]t'ªsf] ;d]t abgfd x'g uPsf] 5 . lrlgofF qmflGtsf] ;dodf æhgtf;Fu l;Q}df Pp6f l;of] / wfuf] klg gn]p, hgtfaf6 sAhf u/]sf ;a} lkmtf{ u/, hgtfnfO{ s'6lk6 / xKsLbKsL gu/, xfdL sDo'lgi6 eg]sf aLp xf}+ / hgtf eg]sf pa{/ e"ld x'g\, xfdL hxfF k'U5f}+ TolxFsf hgtfx?;Fu Psfsf/ eO{ Tolx cl3 a9\g'k5{Æ eGg] dfcf]sf] cfbz{ egfO{nfO{ nTofP/ g]kfnsf dfcf]jfbLn] To;sf] 7Ls ljk/Lt sfo{ u/]kl5 dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ hgtf;Fu :yflkt x'g'sf] ;§f qmdzM lj:yflkt x'Fb} uO/x]sf] 5 . g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ;+rfng u/]sf] bzjif{] hgo'4n] g]kfnsf] ljsf; ultnfO{ bzjif{ g} kl5 ws]lnlbof] . hgo'4n] ;of}+ afnaflnsf 6'x'/f eP ;of}+ gf/Lx?sf] l;Gb'/ k'l5of],

b]zsf] ljzfn ef}lts ;+/rgf Wj:t kfl/Fbf To;sf] Ifltk"lt{ / k'lglg{df{0f ug{'kbf{ /fHosf] caf{}+ vaf}{+ ;DklQ vr{ x'g uof] . bzjif{;Dd b]z ljsf;sf] ultdf a|]s nfUof] . ;j{q eo, 8/, qf; / cft+ssf] cj:yf l;h{gf eof] . hgo'4sf] ;dodf ljb|f]xL kIf / ;/sf/sf ;]gf / k|x/LaLr le8Gt x'g' Ps xb;Dd :jefljs g} xf] . t/ ef}lts sf/jfxLsf] gfddf lgxTyf hgtfsf] xTof ug{', rGbf glbPsf] / ;F:s[t efiff k9fPsf] eg]/ ndh'ªsf lzIfs df]ltnfn clwsf/Lsf] kfzljs xTof, sfe|]sf an/fd / s[i0fk|;fb ;fksf]6fsf] xTof, kl08t gf/fo0f k|;fb kf]v/]nsf] xTof / lrtjgsf] afFb/d'9]df a;leq} cfuf] nufP/ rf}+lt; hgf ofq'nfO{ lhpFb} nufP/ u/]sf] xTof / bfgjLo Jojxf/ / rl/qnfO{ Oltxf;n] Ifdf lbg ;Sb}g . dfcf]jfbLsf] hgo'4n] b]zsf] ckf/ wghgsf] Iflt x'g'sf] ;fy} /fhg}lts jftfj/0fnfo{ klg lbzfxLg cj:yfdf k'¥ofO{lbof], wldnf] kfgLdf df5f dfg{] cj;/sf] ?kdf @)%* ;fn h]7 !( ut] b/af/ xTofsf08 eO{ /fhf jL/]Gb|sf] j+z gfz ul/of] . lj=;+= @)^! df3 !( ut] g} tTsfnLg /fhf 1fg]Gb|n] tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ c;Ifdsf] laNnf le/fO{ ;/sf/ / ;+;b lj36g u/L ;+snsfnsf] 3f]if0ff u/L @)^).)^! df k+rfotL ufpFkms{ z}nLdf :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rg klg u/fPsf lyP . g]kfnL hgtfx? clt efj's / ;f]emf klg 5g\ . @)^@.)^# sf] ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngaf6 k'g:yf{lkt ;+;b / lj:yflkt /fhtGqkl5 lj=;+= @)^$ r}q @* ut] ePsf] klxnf] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgdf g]kfnsf k|d'v /fhg}lts bnx? g]skf Pdfn] / g]kfnL sfFu|];nfO{ kl5 kfb{} dfcf]jfbL s]Gb| em08} b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtsf] glhs k'u]sf] lyof] . s]lx cfz / s]lx qf;sf sf/0f g]kfnL hgtfn] lbPsf] pQm cledtnfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] hf]ufpg ;s]g . @)^$ sf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjkl5 dfcf]jfbL hgo'4sf sdf08/x? k|r08 / afa'/fdx? kfn}kfnf] b]zsf] k|wfgdGqLsf] s';L{df a;] t/ cfˆg} c;Ifdtfsf] sf/0f nfdf] ;do l6Sg ;s]gg\ . dfcf]jfbLsf k|r08 bfxfn eGbf klg 8f= afa'/fd

e§/fO{;Fu g]kfnL hgtfn] 7"nf] cfzf /fv]sf lyP . @)@^ ;fnsf] P;Pn;L af]8{ k|yd / cls{6]S6 OlGhlgol/ªdf :j0f{kbs k|fKt u/L 8S6/]6sf] pkflw k|fKt ug{ ;kmn af}l4s JolQmTjn] ;/sf/ k|d'vsf] lhDd]jf/L k|fKt ubf{ kSs} klg gofF g]kfnsf] gS;f lgdf{0f x'g] cfzf u/]sf lyP . t/ pgL clxn] g]kfnsf c;kmn / lgsDdf /fhg}lts kfq ag]sf] b[io ;a} g]kfnLdf huhfx]/ g} 5 . /fhgLltdf 5n5fd, lts8d, a]OdfgL / em'6sf] v]tL ug{ dflx/ v]nf8L k|r08 clxn] klg cfkm"eGbf 7"nf kf6L{sf g]tfnfO{ kl5 kfb{} t];|f] k6s b]zsf] k|wfgdGqL aGg ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . klxnf]k6s k|wfgdGqL x'Fbf cfkm\gf] ;DklQ ljj/0fdf lrtjgdf tLgs7\7f hldg / Pp6f df]afOn dfq b]vfPsf k|r08sf] clxn] s/f]8f}+sf] cln;fg dxn, ljb]zL a}+sdf caf{}+ ?k}ofF, rGb|flu/L lxN; nufot w]/} sDkgLdf z]o/ nufgL ug{] x}l;ot s;/L eof] < clg hgo'4 ug{] kf6L{sf] g]tfn] cfˆgf] gfltsf] ljjfxdf caf}{+ ?k}ofF vr{ ug{ x'g] cj:yf s;/L l;h{gf / dfGo eof] < olx xf] lxhf] k|r08n] eg]sf] hgjfbL ljjfxsf] kl/efiff / dfkb08 < k|r08sf] cfly{s x}l;otdf PsfPs cfPsf kl/jt{g / 5nfª Tof] s'g} hfb'sf] 58L geO{ lxhf] zflGt k|lqmofdf k|j]z u/]kl5 hgo'4sf hg;]jf /fli6«o ;]gfdf ;dfof]hg ug{] qmddf bf]Aa/ t]Aa/ eGbf a9L ;+Vof k}lt; xhf/ n8fs' ;]gf b]vfP/ /fHo ;Fu @! ca{ ?k}ofF k|r08n] lnPsf lyP . pQm /sdsf] k|of]hg sxfF lsg / s;/L / slt eof] eg]/ ;f]Wg] lxDdt dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ / g]tfdf 5}g, Tof] ljzfn /sd k|r08sf] lghL ;DklQdf ?kfGt/0f ePsf] 5 . clg lxhf] åGåsfndf n8fs'n] a}+s n'6]/, hah{:tL rGbf c;'n]/ a'emfPsf] /sd klg k|r08s} ;DklQ ag]sf] 5 . ca k|;Ë sf]6\ofpF k|r08 ;/sf/n] kmfu'g ! ut]nfO{ hgo'4 lbj; 3f]if0ff u/L ;fj{hlgs ljbf lbPsf] / ;jf{ ] R rn] vf/] h ul/lbPsf] 36gf tkm{–/fHon] s'g}klg If]qdf pknlAw xfl;n u/]s]f lbgnfO{ ljz]if kj{ / lbj;sf] ?kdf dgfpg' kb{5 . kmfu'g ! ut]nfO{ s] sf]

v'zLofnLdf hgo'4 lbj; dgfpg] < g]kfnaf6 @$) jif{] /fhtGq cfˆg} sf/0fn] 9Nof], ;+3Lotf @)^@.)^# sf] ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngaf6 k|fKt k|ltkmn xf] . Tolx klg g]kfnsf] kl/j]zdf of] tLg txsf] dx+uf] ;+3Lotf b]zsf] cy{tGqn] wfGg} g;Sg] 3fF8f] ;fljt eO;s]sf] 5 . hgo'4df dfl/Psf zlxb k l/jf/sf ;Gtfg ckfË ePsf 3fO{t] ePsf a]kQf kfl/Psf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox? cem} cfFz'sf] 3'6\sf] lkP/ afFRg afWo ePsf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLsf] bzjif{] hgo'4n] g]kfnsf] /fhg}lts cfly[s ;fdflhs / hghLljsfsf] s'g rflxF If]qdf cfd"n kl/jt{g u¥of] / To; lbgnfO{ hgo'4 lbj; eg]/ v'zL dgfpg' < s] g]kfnL hgtfn] k|r08nfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfpg pgsf] 5f]/LnfO{ d]o/ agfpg, HjfOFnfO{ /fhb"t, a'xf/LnfO{ dGqL agfpgsf] nflu dfq} hgo'4df ;xefuL ePsf x'g\ t < To;}n] of] cf}lrToxLg / g]kfnL hgtfsf] cfnf] 3fpdf g"gr's nufpg] ?kdf 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] slyt æhgo'4 lbj;Æ sf] ;fj{hlgs ljbfnfO{ ;+qmd0fsfnsf] cj:yf 6'Ëf]df k'lu g;s]sf] sf/0f b]vfO{ ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] vf/]h ul/lbPsf] 5 . k|r08 g]t[Tjsf] u7gaGwg ;/sf/n] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] hgo'4 lbj;df ;fIfL a;]/ ;Qfsf] 7"nf] bn g]kfnL sfFu|]; klg lg/Lx / sdhf]/ ;fljt x'g k'u]sf] 5 . u7aGwgdf ;fd]n ePsf cem ;fgf bnx? t æhtf sfkmn kfSof] Tot} r/L gfRof]Æ sf] cj:yfdf /x]sf 5g\ . cGtdf, @)&( df ePsf] ;+3Lo k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rgn] g]kfnsf ;a} /fhg}lts kf6L{x?sf] x}l;ot k|i6 ?kdf b]vfPsf] 5 . g]skf Pdfn]nfO{ sdhf]/ agfpg cf7j6f /fhg}lts bnx?aLr u7aGwg u/L r'gfjdf hfFbf klg ;+VofTds ;L6df Pdfn]nfO{ kl5 kf]xf]/ klg hgtfsf] nf]slk|o dtdf Pdfn] g} cufl8 /x]sf] 5 . olb u7aGwg gu/L cnu cnu r'gfj n8]sf] eP clxn] ;Qfdf /x]sf kf6L{x? cl:tTj /Iffsf] ;+s6df kg{] k|i6 b]lvG5 . o;sf] dtna g]skf Pdfn] dfq ufO{sf] b'wn] g'xfPh:tf] z'4 5 eGg vf]lhPsf] xf]Og, o;leq klg w]/} ljs[lt / lj;+utn] 3/ u/]s]f 5 . w]/} /fd|f cj;/x?nfO{ pkof]u ug{ g;Sbf clxn] ælsg /f]O;\ d+un] cfˆg} 9+un]Æ sf] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] lttf] oyfy{ ef]Ug'k/]sf] 5 . t'ngfTds ?kdf clxn] klg g]skf Pdfn] g]kfnL hgtfsf] klxnf] /f]hfO{df kb{5 .

;gftg wd{ / o;sf] dxTj syf k'/f0f cg';f/ ;To o'udf dflg;x? nfvf}+ aif{ afFRby] . dflg;x?

Tolta]nf klg bfgj / dfgj ul/ b'O{ k|sf/s} lyP . s'g}klg o'udf h;/L klg dflg; ;Qf / kbdf a:g rfxg] rfxgf ePs} x'Fbf/x]5g . Tolta]nf klg :ju{sf] OG›sf] /fHo ug{ bfgjx? h'g;'s} lts8d k|of]u ug]{ /x]5g . ;fdYo{n] csf{sf] /fHo kfpg t ufx|f] x'G5 g} . To;dfyL b]jtfx?nfO{ lht]/ /fHo cfˆgf] sAhfdf lng / /fHo ug{ c;fWo} uf¥xf] eof] g} .

To;} eP/ bfgjx? xhf/f}+ aif{;Dd a|DxfhLsf] tk:of ul/ cfkm'nfO{ pko'Qm a/bfg dfu]/ b]jtfx?sf] /fHo lhTg] / ;j{:j n'6\g] / b'Mv lbg] sfd ubf{ /x]5g\ . clxn] klg ToxL k|j[lQ ePsf dflg;x?nfO{ g} t /fIf; elgg] xf] .

To:t}df :j:yfgL syf cg';f/ Ps ;do do gfds b}Ton] b; xhf/ aif{ tk:of ul/ a|DxfhL;Fu Ps cIo'00f j/ dfUof] . ls æxfdL tLg efOnfO{ dfg{ Tolt ;lhnf] gxf];\ d}n] cfsfzdf ltgj6f k'/ agfpFb5' . Tof] k'/ !) xhf/ aif{ kl5 Ps lgd]ifsf nflu hf]l8g]5 ToxL hf]l8Psf] a]nf h:n] Ps af0fn] Tof] k'/ e:d u/fpnf To;}n] dfq} dnfO{ dfg{ ;Sg]5 . æclg tk:ofaf6 dfu]sf] j/ ePsf]n] a|DxfhLn] klg j/ lbg' clgjfo{ lyof] . / lbg'eof] . bz xhf/ aif{kl5 Tof] ;do cfpg nfUof] ca plgx?sf] cGTo ug]{ cg]sf}+ k|of;x?

ul/P . t/ b]jtfx?sf ;fgf ;fgf k|of;x? klg v]/ hfg yfn] . 7"nf] o'4 s;/L ug]{ < b]jtfx?df v}nfa}nf / qf; km}lnof] . of] o'4 ug]{ / Aoj:yfkg ug]{ lhDdf eujfg lai0f'nfO{ lyof] .

Tolxa]nf ;+s6 cfPsf] b]lv cfˆgf] lbAo rR5'n] Wofg b[li6åf/f larf/ ug{ nfUg'eof] . s] sf/0fn] b}Tox? olt zlQmzfnL eP eg]/ . x]bf{ kQf nfUof] ls plgx? ;lbof}+ b]lv cfˆgf] ;gftg wd{df s]lG›t lyP . To;}n] l;sfPsf] dd{ / cg'zf;gdf /x]/ hLjg ofkg ul//x]sf lyP . To;}sf] k|efjn] plgx?nfO{ s;}n] gfz ug{ / e|i6 agfpg ;s]g . of] s'/f yfxf kfP/ eujfg lai0f'n] slno'usf] nflu h:tf] Ps kfv08 wd{sf] >Lhgf ul/ Ps d'08L gfd u/]sf] kfq pTklQ ul/ ;f] kfv08 wd{ k|rf/ ug{ tL b}Tosf k'/x?df k7fP . t/ klg s;}n] Tof] d'08Lsf] s'/f ;'g]gg\ / kfv08 wd{nfO{ alxisf/ u/] . eujfg lai0f' pQm s'/faf6 lgs} k|efljt eO ca yk k|of; ug{sf] nflu eg]/ :jo+ gf/bnfO{ af]nfO{ ToxfFsf] k|d'v AolQmsf ?kdf pQm nf]sdf e]if abn]/ k7fpg'eof] . gf/b To; k'/x?df uO Ps c;n zf;ssf] ?kdf zf;g ug{ yfn] . tL # k'/df a:g] b}Tox?n] pgnfO{ dfof / ;Ddfg lbP . nf]slk|o x'Fb} uPsf d'l08 ?lk gf/bn] ca b}Tox?sf] ljZjf; lht]/ uP . pgL t lai0f'sf] of]hgf cg';f/ ToxfF

kfv08 wd{sf] la:tf/ ug{ uPsf x'g\ .

To;}n] ca ;a}sf] dg lht]kl5 pg}n] Tof] gofF kfv08L wd{sf] rrf{ ug{ yfn] . To:tf] /fd|f] / c;n AolQmn] rrf{ u/]kl5 t wd{ /fd|} xf]nf egL Psfw b}To / plgx?sf kl/jf/, cfkmGt, ;fyLefO{x? Tof] wd{af/] rrf{ ub}{ pQm wd{sf] ;fy lbg yfn] . o;f] ugf{;fy b}Tox?sf] wd{ gfz x'Fb} sdhf]/ x'Fb} uP . pgsf kl/jf/, 6f]n, ;fyLefO ;a} cfˆgf] ;gftg wd{sf] larf/ 5f8L la?4 pq]sf] x'gfn] /fHo la:tf/} sdhf]/ x'Fb} uof] / kl5 tL ltg}j6f k'/x? Ps} 7fpFdf hf]l8g] ;do;Dd k'Ubf nueu tL b}Tox? sdhf]/ eP / To;kl5 eg] eujfg dxfb]j / lai0f' ;lxt eO tL b}Tox?nfO{ o'4df lht] / tL cfsfzdf lgld{t k'/x? klg e:d eP . o;af6 a'‰g s] ;lsG5 eg] s;}sf] klg cfˆgf] ;gftgL wd{df 7"nf] an / ;fdYo{ n's]sf] x'G5 . slyt / kfv08 wd{x?n] b'u{tL / gfz lgDTofpFb5 . cfˆgf] Tof] ;gftg wd{ s:t} cj:yfdf klg Tofu ug{' x'Fb}g .cfˆgf] k|frLg wd{ c+ufnL /xg ;s] 7'nf 7"nf kfk / b'isd{af6 aRg ;lsG5 . wd{ Tofu] sdhf]/ eOG5 . cfˆgf] b]zsf], /fHosf] jf :yfgLo 7fpFsf] cToGt} k|efjzfnL AolQmn] g} eg] jf rrf{ u/] eg]klg cfˆgf] wd{ eg]sf] Tofu u/]/ csf]{ wd{lt/ cfslif{t x'g x'Fb}g . To;n] cjZo ;j{gfz jf ljgfz lgDTofpFb5 . t;y{ wd{ Tofu]/ csf]{ wd{ c+ufNg' cl3 hf] sf]lxn]

?sdl0f l;Ub]n

bfgjx? xhf/f}+ aif{;Dd a|DxfhLsf] tk:of ul/ cfkm'nfO{ pko'Qm a/bfg dfu]/ b]jtfx?sf] /fHo lhTg] / ;j{:j n'6\g] / b'Mv lbg] sfd ubf{ /x]5g\ . clxn] klg ToxL k|j[lQ ePsf dflg;x?nfO{ g} t /fIf; elgg] xf] .

Psk6s 3lTnP/ ;f]rf}+ . wd{sf] ?kfGt/0f jf Tofu eg]sf] Ps k|sf/n] b]znfO{ sdhf]/ kfg{' xf] . ho b]z Û ho wd{ Û

lhNnfdf======================================================================================== g]kfn ;/sf/

lj1fkg af]8{

dn k|of]u ug{] s[ifsx?sf] kl/jf/ $ xhf/ $ ;o #% /x]sf] 5 . vlgh tyf /f;folgs dn k|of]u ug{] s[ifs kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof @ xhf/ * ;o $& / b'a} k|of]u ug{] s[ifsx?sf] ;+Vof @@ xhf/ ( ;o &$ /x]sf] 5 . s[lif cf}hf/ tyf ;fwg k|of]u u/]sf s[ifs kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof w]/} ePsf] 5 . !! xhf/ * ;o ^% kl/jf/df kmnfd] xnf], @( xhf/ & ;o ^# 3/ kl/jf/df kfj/ l6«n/ tyf ldgL l6«n/, !) xhf/ @ ;o ^ 3/ kl/jf/df 6«ofS6/ / $ xhf/ ( ;o $^ 3/ kl/jf/df y|];/ /x]sf] 5 . s[lif cf}hf/ tyf ;fwg k|of]u ug{] s[ifsx?sf] ;+Vof al9/x]sf] 5 . s[lifdf :yfoL sfdbf/, c:yfoL sfdbf/, kd{df/ 7]Ssfdf nufO{Psf] sfdbf/x? klg 5g\ . @ ;o # 3/ kl/jf/n] sfdbf/ k|of]u u/]/ s[lif ul//x]sf 5g\ . h;df # ;o %! hgf :yfoL sfdbf/ 5g\ . k'?if @ ;o @% / dlxnf ! ;o @^ hgf /x]sf 5g\ . c:yfoL sfdbf/ k|of]u u/]/ v]tL ug{] s[ifs kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof $& xhf/ $ ;o (@ /x]sf] 5 . lhNnfdf hDdf ^ xhf/ ( ;o * s[ifs kl/jf/n] ;/sf/L cg'bfg k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . !@ xhf/ # ;o &( kl/jf/n] s[lif k|of]hgdf ljdf u/]sf 5g\ . #) xhf/ & ;o %^ s[ifs kl/jf/n] C0f cfjZostf ePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . ( xhf/ ^ ;o @( kl/jf/n] s[lif k|of]hgsf nflu a}+saf6 C0f k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ .

#

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

sfe|]knf~rf]sdf eAo eof] ‘6«flkms ;Ktfx’ ag]kf÷lhNnf 6«flkms k|x/L sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf] cfof]hgfdf sfe|]knf~rf]sdf df3 @% ut]af6 z'? ePsf] 6«flkms ;Ktfx @)*) lxhf] a'waf/ ;lsPsf] 5 . k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ?b|fb]jL zdf{n] dxf]T;jsf] pb\3f6g ub{} nfk{jfxL u/L rnfPsf ;jf/L ;fwgaf6 x'g ;Sg] b'3{6gf Go"lgs/0f ug{ ;d'bfodf ;r]tgf ug{' kg{] atfO{g\ . …x/]s lbg ;jf/L b'3{6gfdf gful/sx?sf] Hofg hfg] u/]sf] 5 . hgwgsf] Iflt /f]Sg ;d'bfo ;r]t u/fpg] cleofgdf 6«flkms k|x/L PSn}n] ;Dej 5}gÚ–k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ?b|fb]jL zdf{n] elgg–…b'3{6gf Go"lgs/0fsf nflu Psn] csf{]nfO{ bf]if lbP/ pDsg ;Dej 5}g . ;jf/L b'3{6gfdf ;a} eGbf w]/} IftL b'O{ kf+u|] ;jf/L ;fwgaf6 x'g] u/]sf] 5 .Ú k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ?b|fb]jL zdf{n] lgdf{0f eO{/x]sf ;8sdf ePsf vfN8fv'N8L k'g{] tyf lgdf{0fsf ;fdfu|L x6fpg / Aojl:yt ug{ lgb{]zg lbPsf] atfO{g\ . …eofjx ?kdf al9/x]sf] b'3{6gf Go"lgs/0fsf nflu ;KtfxAofkL ;r]tgf dxTjk"0f{ x'g]5Ú–k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ?b| f b] j L zdf{ n ] elgg–…;8sdf ePsf] ;'zf;gn] d'n'ssf] cj:yf atfpF5 . b]zsf] cfly{s ;d[4L dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . sfg'g eGbf 7'nf] / dxTjk"0f{ Aojxf/ x'g]5 .Ú kb|z ] kx|/L sfofn { o agk]fsf kd|v ' P;P;kL ls;g l;+ yfkfn] kx|/L PSnn } ] b3'6{gf Gol'gs/0f ;Dej gePsfn] ;a} Ifq]sf] ;dGjo cfjZos /xs ] f] atfP . lhNnf kx|/L kd|v ' P;kL efUoG]bk|? ' if 9sfnn] lhNnfsf x/s ] Ifq]df xg'] b3'6{gfaf6 xg'] hgwgsf] Gol'gs/0f / ;db'fosf] ;rt]gf sfoq{md cfjZos /xs ] f] atfP . kx|/L PSnn } ] rfx/] b3'6{gf Gol"gs/0f ug{ ;Dej gePsf] atfpbF} P;kL 9sfnn] ljBfno txaf6} 6f«lkms ;rt]gf lbgk'g]{ atfP . afudtL l6k/ Aoj;foL ;3+sf cWoIf ;/'z ] vqLn] l6k/ Aoj;foL

;3+ ;a;}uF xftd]fnf] ub}{ b3'6{gf Gol'gs/0f ;rt]gf cleofgdf ;lqmo /xs ] f] atfP . …;3+ cfkmn } ] klg b3'6{gf Gol"gs/0f ;rt]gfsf sfoq{md ul//xs ] f] 5Ú– cWoIf vqLn] eg–]…sfgg"sf ;a} lgodx? kfngf ub}{ b3'6{gf ;rt]gf / Gol'gs/0fsf nflu xfdL kl|tj4 5f+} .Ú ;Ktfxsf] pb3\f6g sfoq{mddf ;xfos kd|v ' lhNnf clwsf/L ;j'f; kf8}n ] , sfnLhu+ u0fsf u0fktL kd|v ' ;g]fgL ks | fzaxfb/' l;x+, zz:q kx|/L ansf P;kL cRot'k;|fb dhuo}f, oftfoft Aoj;foLx?, ljleGg ljBfnosf lkl|G;kn tyf ljBfyLx{?, ;3+ ;:+yfsf kl|tlglwx?sf] ;xeflutf /xs ] f] 6f«lkms kx|/L sfofn { o sfes |] f kd|v ' kx|/L lgl/Ifs hgfbg{ l3ld/n ] ] atfP .

o:tf] lyof] ;KtfAxAofkL cleofg

…6«flkms k|x/Lsf] cfAxfg, ;'/lIft / ;xh cfjfudgÚ, …6«lkms lgodsf] kfngf u/f}, ;Eo gful/ssf] kl/ro lbcf}+Ú eGg] gf/fsf ljlxaf/ @)*) df3 @% ut]af6 z'? ePsf] 6«flkms ;Ktfxsf] klxnf] lbg k|eftkm]/L ;lxt nfdf] b'/Lsf ;jf/L ;fwgx?df Aofg/ tyf l:6s/ 6fF; ul/Psf] lyof] . rf/bf]af6f] rf]saf6 z'? ePsf] k|eftkm]/L ag]kf kf6L{ e]Go'df ;dfkg ul/Psf] lyof] . ;Ktfxsf] pb\3f6g sfo{qmddf

lhNnfsf ljleGg If]qsf AolQmx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . zq'maf/ df3 @^ ut] :jo+ ;j]s kl/rfns u/L ;8s ko|fu]stfx{?nfO{ af6f] sf6g\ l;sfpg,] ;rt]gf l:6s/ 6f;F ug,{] krf{ kDn6] ljt/0f ug]{ sfoq{md 5 . t>]f] lbg zlgaf/ cyft{ df3 @& ut] uf|ld0f ;8s nlIft sfoq{md, al9 ef8f cgu'dg, dfS; ljt/0f / l;6 Ifdtf eGbf al9 ofq' cgu'dg ul/Psf] lhNnf 6f«lkms kx|/L sfofn { o agk]fsf kx|/L lgl/Ifs hgfbg{ l3ld/n ] ] atfP . df3 @* ut] cfO{taf/ ;jf/L rfnsx?;Fu % ldg]6sf] sfo{qmd tyf cf]e/6]s ug{]sf] ljlwsf] k|lzIf0f, lta| ultdf ;jf/L ;fwg rnfpg] rfnsx?nfO{ k|lzIf0f lbOPsf] lyof] . df3 @( ut] ;f]daf/ ljBfyL{x?nfO{ 6«flkms ;r]tgf sfo{qmd, ufpFufpFdf cfdf ;d'x 6f]n ;'wf/ ;ldlt / o'jf Snjx?nfO{ ;d]t 6«flkms ;r]tgf u/fO{Psf] lyof] . kmfu'g ! ut] d+unaf/ rfns tyf ;x rfnsx?sf] ;fdfGo :jf:Yo k/LIf0f sfo{qmd tyf ;jf/L ;fwgx?sf] ofGqLs k/LIf0f ul/Psf] lyof] . clGtd lbg cyft{ ;Ktfxsf] ;ftf} lbg kmfu'g @ ut] a'waf/ 6«flkms ;Ktfxsf] pknAwL / k|efjsfl/tfsf] af/]df ;+rf/sdL{ nufot ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu cGt{lqmof ul/Psf] lyof] . l/lstf gofFh', k|lzIffyL{

ag]kfdf ‘lsG8/ cf]nlDks’

ag]kf÷…lhTg' eGbf ;xeflutf dxTjk'0f{ 5Ú eGg] d'Vo p2]Zo ;lxt zlgaf/ ag]kfsf] kf]ln6]lSgsn :s'nsf] km'6an d}bfgdf lhNnfdf bf]>f] k6s t/ !! cf} lsG8/ cf]nlDks ;df/f]x eAo ePsf] 5 . ;df/f]xsf] pb\3f6g ag]kf gu/kflnsf k|d'v zflGt/Tg zfSon] u/]sf lyP . cfn ] lDks ;df/fx]sf] pb3\f6g ub}{ gu/ kd|v ' zfSon] afnaflnsfx?nfO{ lhTg] / xfg]{ kl|tofl]utf eGbf ;xeflutfdn ' s kl|tofl]utfn] Ifdtf a4 [ Lsf ;fy} plgx?n] ;fR]g] / 1fg xfl;n ug{ ;xh xg'] atfP . …ljNsn ' km/s / gofF vfnsf] ;xeflutfaf6 afnaflnsfx?sf] Ifdtf cleal[4df k¥'ofpg' ePsf] ofu]bfgsf] sb/ ub5{Ú'–gu/ kd|v ' zfSon] eg–]…o:tf cfn ] lDksx? lsG8/ eGbf dflyNnf] txsf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ klg cfjZos 5 .Ú kl|tofl]utfdf !( ljBfnosf % ;o &@ hgf afnaflnsfx? ;xeflu lyP . afnaflnsfx?sf] xf;}nf kb|fg ug{ plgx?sf cleefjs, ljBfnosf lkl|G;kn tyf lzIfsx?sf] pNnV]o ;xeflutf /xs ] f] lyof] . afnaflnsfx?n] dfr{kf;;Fu}

:jfut g[To Ps} k6s k|:t't u/]sf lyP . ;fy} h'Daf g[To, lkl6O{, t]SjfGbf] nufotsf v]nx? k|b{zg u/]sf lyP . cf]nlDksdf ljleGg k|sf/sf v]n'sbx? /flvPsf lyP . h;df clwsf+ z afnaflnsfx?n] ;xeflutf hgfPsf lyP . gofF, gf}nf] / afnaflnsfx?sf] pT;fx eg{ ;xhtf lbg] u/L cfof]hgf ul/Psf] cf]nlDksdf ;xeflu ePsf afnaflnsfx? ;a}nfO{ k|df0fkq, d]8n ;lxtsf] k'/:sf/ pknAw u/fO{Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf j8f gDj/ * sL cWoIf z'enIdL dfgGw/ nufotsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . sfe|] Pstf ;d'xsf] cfof]hgfdf …lsG8/ cf]nlDks @)*)Ú cfof]hgf ul/Psf] xf] . ag]kfsf kmfO{e :6f/ lsG8/ ljBfnosf g]t[Tjstf{ ;ljgf sf/+lht k|hfklt, clgtf k|hfklt, lbkf lzNksf/, h'g' dfgGw/ / gljgf >]i7n] lsG8/ cf]nlDkssf] lg/Gt/tf lbPsf x'g\ . cf]nlDksdf lhNnfsf cls{8, a]n/ ls8; Sof:6n, sfe|] ;]s]G8/L :s'n, Ozf d]df]l/on, k|ult k|eft, 1fgHof]tL c+u|]hL ;]s]G8/L Zj/L,

:s'n, kln:yf, gfO{l6Ë]n / l:k|Ë lxn ljBfnosf ljBfyL{x? ;d'x P df 5g\ eg] ;d'x lj df l8:se/L dG6]Zj/L, ls8hf]g dG6]Zj/L, cf/PdP; lsG8/uf6{]g, a]n/ OG6/g]zgn, Ogf]e]l6e Ps]8]dL, u|];Nof08, 1fgs'Gh, ld/fsn dG6]Zj/L, sfe|] ;]s]G8/L :s'n …ljÚ / j] 6' ljO{H8d u/L !( ljBfnosf ljBfyL{x? ;xeflu ePsf lyP . @)^* ;fn b]lv cln{rfON8x'8 P8's]zg l6r;{ Pzf] l ;P;gn] /fhwfgLdf lg/Gt/ cf]nlDks cfof]hgf ul//x]sf] 5 . cf]nlDks cfof]hs sfe|] Pstf ;d'xsL ;b:o ;ljgf sf/+lht k|hfkltn] ;fg} pd]/df gfgLafa'x?nfO{ v]ns'b k|lt pTk|]/0ff k|bfg ug{], ljleGg ljBfnosf ;fyLx?;Fu Ps} 7fpFdf v]Ngsf nflu v]n d}bfg pknw u/fpg, afa' gfgLx?sf] zf/Ll/s / ;fdflhs ljsf;sf] nflu cj;/ k|bfg ug{ tyf cfly{s ;fdflhs ?kdf kl5 k/]sf tyf hf]lvdk"0f{ cj:yfdf /x]sf afnaflnsfx?sf nflu sf]if hDdf ug{ cf]nlDs dxTjk"0f{ ePsf] atfO{g\ . cf]nlDksdf g;{/L sIffaf6 !) hgf, Pns]hL sIffaf6 !$ hgf / o's]hLaf6 !^ hgf u/L a9Ldf $) hgf Pp6f ljBfnoaf6 ;xeflu ePsf lyP . cf]nlDksdf ;xeflu ljBfyL{x? dWo] Pp6f :s'nsf Ps hgf ljBfyL{n] pd]/ ;d'x cg';f/ lks P08 8«k, 6«fen /];, g[To, lk6L, t]SjfGbf], k/]8 tyf ljleGg ljBfdf ;xeflutf hgfPsf lyP . afnaflnsfx?n] v]nsf] dfWodaf6 Ps csf{df yfxf gkfpFbf] tl/sfn] k|lt:kwf{ u/]sf lyP . ;fg}af6 v]ns'bsf] dxTj / ;d'x sfo{df ;xeflu x'g] cj;/ kfPsf lyP . ;'/h >]i7, k|lzIffyL{

jif{ #) c+s !% @)*) kmfu'g # ut] ljxLjf/

ofbj / lji0f'nfO{ kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L w' l nv] n , sfe| ] ÷ cfkm} kmsfP/ af]nfpg] clg …xgL 6«ofkÚ cyf{t dlxnf;Fu cg}lts ;DaGw /fVg vf]h]sf] afxgf agfP/ ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ 7uL ug{] lu/f]xsf s]lx ;b:o k'k{Ifsf nflu h]n uPsf 5g\ eg] s]lxnfO{ kqmfpsf nflu lhNnf cbfnt sfe|]knf~rf]sn] cfb]z lbPsf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/ afbL / /df sfsL{ ;d]t k|ltjfbL ePsf] 7uL d'2fdf sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf cbfntn] df3 @@ ut] y'gfdf /fv]/ yk cg';Gwfgsf nflu cfb]z u/]sf] 5 . ;"rgf clwsf/L lx/fs'df/L e08f/Lsf cg';f/ /df sfsL{nfO{ y'gfdf /fVg / plg;Fu} kqmfp k/]sL /df sfsL{sf] lbbL ?kf sfsL{nfO{ w/f}6Ldf 5f8\g] cfb]z ePsf] 5 . ?kf sfsL{nfO{ ! nfv #) xhf/ w/f}6L dfu ul/Psf] lyof] . plgx?;Fu} w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ ! 3/ ePsf ofbj 3f]/;fO{g] / ;fljs bfdg uflj; j8f gDj/ ! 3/ eO{ kl/jlt{t yfxf gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ # 3/ eO{ xfn nlntk'/ dxfgu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ @ a:g] lji0f'axfb'/ sfsL{nfO{ kqmfp cfb]z hf/L ePsf] 5 . /df / ?kf pg} lji0f'axfb'/ sfsL{sf 5f]/Lx? x'g\ . w' l nv] n 3/ ePsf ofbj 3f]/;fO{g] k6s–k6s 7uL 36gfdf kqmfp k/]sf AolQm x'g\ . s]lx jif{ cl3 h]n ;d]t a;]/ 5'6]sf ofbjn] k'gM h]naf6 5'6]/ ;f]lx k]zf Aoj;fonfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf lyP . pgn] cfkmGtsf /sdx? lnP/ 7Ug] tyf ljleGg d'n's k7fpF5' eGb} lu/f]xsf ;b:ox?;Fu ldn]/ 7uL ub{} cfPsf lyP . pgL cfˆg} cfdfsf] lgwg x'Fbf ;d]t lsl/of ug{ cfPgg\ . /fhwfgLdf n's]/ al;/x]sf ofbjn] cfkm}

7uL ub{} cfkm\g} ufnL a]O{HhtL eof] eGb} ljleGg If]qsf AolQmx?nfO{ ufnL a]O{HhtL d'2f ;d]t btf{ u/]sf 5g\ . k|x/Ln] vf]Hbf km/f/ x'g] ofbj cbfntdf k'u]/ eg] d'2f btf{ u/fpFb} lx8]sf lyP . lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no sfe|]n] btf{ u/]sf] 7uL d'2fdf lhNnf cbfnt sfe|]knf~rf]sn] kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L u/]sf] xf] .

s] xf] 36gf <

w' l nv] n gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ @ 3/ ePsf w' j | k | ; fb 3f] / f;fO{ g ] n fO{ /df sfsL{ / ofbj 3f] / ;fO{ g ] n ] xgL 6« o fksf] dfWodaf6 ;d] t yk 7uL u/] s f lyP . nlntk' / dxfgu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ @ a:g] #! alif{ o f /df sfsL{ ;d] t n] g b] g d' 2 fdf lnvt ab/ / hfn;femL d' 2 fdf kqmfp k/] s f lyP . @)*) ;fn ebf} #! ut] w' j { | 3f] / ;fO{ g ] n fO{ lbg' kg{ ] /sd lbG5' cfpg' eg] / nlntk' / lhNnf cbfnt cuf8L af] n fO{ %÷& hgf AolQmx? ldn] / af6f] d f xltof/ ;d] t b] v fO{ xftkft u/L d' 2 f lkmtf{ lng wlDs lbPsf lyP . lji0f' a xfb' / sfsL{ , /df sfsL{ / ofbj 3f] / ;fO{ g ] n ] w' j | { k | ; fb 3f] / ;fO{ g ] ; F u k6s k6s cd] l /sf

k7fpF 5 ' eg] / lnPsf] gub tyf ;' g sf u/uxgf ;d] t u/L sl/j 8] 9 s/f] 8 7uL u/] s f lyP . cd] l /sf klg gk7fpg] / k} ; f klg lkmtf{ glbg] eP kl5 w' j { | k| ; fb 3f] / ;fO{ g ] n ] hfn;femL / n] g b] g ljifodf d' 2 f bfo/ u/] s f lyP . /df sfsL{ nufotn] Unf] a n cfO{ P dO{ a} + s sf] %@ nfvsf] r] s lbPsf lyP . ;f] l x lbg ;f] l x a+ } s sf] Pl6Pd sf8{ , tLg tf] n fsf] l;qmL, cfwf tf] n fsf] cf} 7 L / b' O { tf] n fsf] a| f ;n] 6 ;d] t plgx?n] w' j { k | ; fb 3f] / ;fO{ g ] a f6 n' 6 ] / nu] s f lyP . @)*) ebf} !) ut] s f lbg pQm 36gf eP klg 3f] / ;fO{ g ] n ] zflGt ;' / Iffsf] dfu ub{ } lhNnf k| z f;g sfof{ n o sfe| ] k nf~rf] s df lgj] b g ;d] t lbPsf lyP . w|'j{k|;fb 3f]/;fO{g] h:tf y'k|} AolQmx?nfO{ ofbj dfkm{t /df sfsL{ / pgsf afa' lji0f'axfb'/ sfsL{n] 7uL u/]sf lyP . /df / lji0f'sf sf/0f pgsf] lbbL ?kf sfsL{ cgfxsdf km;]sL l5g\ . pgsf] vftfdf ;d]t 7uL u/]sf] /sd hDdf ePsf] b]lvP kl5 k|x/Ln] kqmfp u/L cg';Gwfg u/]sf] lyof] . pgnfO{ lhNnf cbfntn] w/f}6Ldf 5f8\g] cfb]z lbPsf] lyof] . /df sfsL{n] eg] c? s]6fx?nfO{ ;d]t ;f]lx of]hgf cg';f/ 7Ub} cfPsf] k|x/L cg';Gwfgn] v'n]sf] 5 .

a]yfgrf]ssf xl/s[i0f h];Lh If]q ‘u’ sf] tflnd cfo'Qmdf dgf]gog ag]kf, a]yfgrf]s h]l;h aif{ @)@! sf zfvf cWoIf h];LcfO{ l;g]6/ xl/s[i0f bfxfn g]kfn h];Lh If]q …uÚ sf nflu aif{ @)@$ sf] tflnd cfo'Qmdf dgf]gog ePsf 5g . bfxfnnfO{ ulj{nf] O{ltxf;, cfznfUbf] jt{dfg / ;'lglZrt eljiosf] nflu …gjk|efjsf nflu cu|;/tf aif{ @)@$Ú sf] /fli6«o cWoIfsf] k|s/0f ;fy{s kfg{ g]kfn h];Lh aif{ @)@$ sf /fli6«o cWoIf h];LcfO{ l;g]6/ /ljg kf]v|]nn] df3 @^ ut] tflnd cfo'Qmdf dgf]gog u/]sf x'g . a]yfgrf]s ufpkFflnsf j8f g+Dj/ # ;fljs 9'+v{s uflj; j8f gDj/ $ s'g]vs{df hGd]sf bfxfn ;fdflhs ;]jfdf pT;fxL 5g\ . ;g @)!* df a]yfgrf]s h];Lhsf] ;+:yfks ;b:o, @)!( df tflnd ;+of]hs x'Fb} @)@) df a]yfgrf]s h]l;hsf] sfo{sf/L0fL pkfWoIf lyP . g]kfn h];Lh tyf a}+lsª If]qsf ;o eGbf a9L tflnd lnPsf bfxfn g]kfndf pTs[i6 tflnd k|bfg ug{] pb]Zosf ;fy :yfkgf ePsf] ljcfO{l;Pdsf sfo{sf/L lgb{]zs klg x'g . a}+s;{ bfxfn k|e' a}+s lnld6]8 w'lnv]nsf tTsflng zfvf k|d'v lyP . cu|hx?sf] cg'ejnfO{ h]l;h;+Fu hf]8]/ ;d'bfo kl/jt{gsf nflu o'jfx¿sf] JolQmTj / g]t[Tj lasf;sf vflt/ h];Lhsf zfvfx?df ljleGg ;do ;fk]If o'jf nlIft pBdlzntf ttlnd

;+rfng ug{] bfxfnsf] nIo /x]sf] 5 . …zf;g AolQmsf] xf]Og, lalwsf] x'g'k5{Ú eGg] dd{sf ;fy !* aif{ b]lv $) aif{ ;Ddsf b]ze/ ! ;o &* zfvf /x]sf] h];Lh cleofgaf6 /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx?n] g]t[Tj x:tfGt/0f nufotsf w]/} s'/f l;Sg' kg{] bfxfnn] atfP . :yfgLo tyf k|b]z ;/sf/;uF ;xsfo{ u/]/ g]t[Tj tyf AolQmTj ljsf;sf nflu o'jf nlIft sfo{qmd g]kfn h];Lh dfkm{t ug{ kxn ug{] atfP . es'08]a]+zL h];Lhsf] dft[zfvf a]yfgrf]s h];Lh ;g @)!* df g]kfn h];Lhaf6 ;DaGwg k|fKt ;+:yfsf ;+:yfks cWoIf a]yfgrf]ssf ;kmn o'jf pBdL h];L d'lQmgfy ltdlN;gf x'g . dft[zfvf es'08]a]+zL h]l;hsf] aif{ @)!* zfvf cWoIf, aif{ @)!( sf g]kfn h];Lhsf /fli6«o pkfWoIf tyf aif{ @)@) sf g]kfn h]l;h Ifdtf clea[4L ;ldtL /fli6«o ;+of]hs h]l;cfO{ l;g]6/ ?sd0fL

l;Ub]nsf] ljz]if of]ubfgaf6 a]yfgrf]s h];Lh :yfkgf ePsf] lyof] . bh{gf}+ ;fdflhs tyf cfWoflTds ;+ : yfdf cfa4 bfxfn a]yfgrf]ssf] klxnf] l;g]6/ tyf h];Lh cleofgdf ;lqmo cleofGtf x'g . a}+lsª ;]jfdf 8]9 bzs eGbf a9L cfj4 e} cfkm'nfO{ c;n a}+s/sf] ?kdf kl/lrt u/fpg] bfxfn dgsfdgf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf lnld6]8sf lzIff pk;ldlt ;b:o, ljZj lxGb' dxf;+3 /fli6«o ;ldlt ;b:o, bfxfn aGw' cWoog k|lti7fg gfnfsf ;x;lrj, bfxfn k|lti7fg bdssf] afudtL k|b]zsf ;x;lrj, g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6Lsf cflhjg ;b:o, g]kfn :sfp6 sfe|]sf tby{ ;ldlt ;b:o, sfe|] ;]jf ;dfhsf cfhLjg ;b:o 5g\ . ;dfh ;]jf, /f]huf/L l;h{gf tyf /fhZj of]ubfgdf ;lqmo AolQmsf] ?kdf kl/lrt 5g . ;'l:dtf alhsf], k|lzIffyL{

cNkmf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]kf–*, sfe|]

u}/ ljQLo hfoh]yf laqmL ug]{ af/] !% lbg] h?/L ;'rgf -k|sflzt ldlt @)*)÷!!÷)# ut]_ o; ;+:yfsf] gfpFdf btf{ sfod ePsf] tklzndf pNn]lvt u}/ ljQLo hfoh]yfx? 3/÷hUuf hxf+ h] h:tf] cj:yf / kl/df0fdf 5 ;f]xL cj:yfdf laqm{L ul/g] ePsf]n] ;f] v/Lb ul/ lng OR5's dxfg'efjx?n] o; ;+:yfdf ;Dks{ /flv tklzndf pNn]lvt 3/÷hUuf vl/b ul/ lng rfx]sf] d'No :ki6;Fu pNn]v ul/ l/tk"a{s l;naGbL af]nkq ;+:yfsf] sfof{no ag]kfdf of] ;'rgf k|sflzt ldltn] !% lbg leq k]z ug{ x'g ;'lrt ul/G5 . tklzn laqmL ul/g] crn ;DklQ 3/÷hUufsf] ljj/0f M o; ;+:yfsf] gfddf btf{ /x]sf] sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf ;fljs gfl;sf :yfg ;f+uf g=kf= j8f g+= @ xfn ag]kf g=kf= j8f g+= !# sf] lsQf g+ !!@@ sf] If]qkmn )—^—#—) hUuf tyf ;f]n] rr]{sf] lnunufkft ;d]t . lznaGbL af]nkq ;DalGw zt{x? M != lznaGbL af]nkq of] ;'rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] !% lbg leq ;+:yfsf] sfof{no ag]kfdf k|fKt eO{ ;Sg' kg]{5 . ;f] af]nkq !^ cf} lbgdf lbgsf] #M)) ah], ;f] lbg ljbf k/] ;f] sf] ef]lnkN6 vf]lng] 5 . @= af]nkq kmf/fd o; ;+:yfdf sfof{no ;do leq ?=!))÷ e'QmfgL ul/ k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 . #= af]nkqsf] vfd aflx/ hUuf lnnfd ljs|Lsf] uf]Ko lznaGbL af]nkq egL :ki6 ?kdf n]lvPsf] x'g'kg]{5 . $= vl/b ul/ lng rfx]sf] pNn]lvt ;DklQ s] slt /sddf vl/b ul/ lng rfx]sf] xf] ;f] /sd c+s tyf c+If/df :ki6 n]lvPsf] x'g'kg]{5 . cfkm'n] sa'n u/]sf] /sdsf] 36Ldf !) k|ltztsf b/n] w/f}6L :j?k ;+:yfsf] gfdsf] k|e' a}s ln=sf] vftf g+= )!^))!^*%$))))@! df hDdf ul/ ;f] sf] ef}r/ af]nkqsf] ;fydf ;+nUg u/]sf] x'g'kg]{5 . %= vl/b ug]{ lgj]bsn] gful/stfsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL af]nkq ;fy ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 . ^= af]nkq vf]lng] lbg ;do leq af]nkq bftf :j+o jf lghsf] k|ltlglw pkl:yt x'g o;} ;'rgf4f/f hfgsf/L u/fOG5 . lghx?sf] pkl:yt gePkgL af]nkq vf]Ng s'g} afwf kg]{ 5}g . &= Dofb gfl3 jf l/t gk'uL cfPsf tyf zt{ /flv lbPsf] af]nkq pk/ s'g} sfjf{xL ul/g] 5}g . *= af]nkq :jLs[t ePdf ;DalGwt af]nkq bftfn] ;f] sf] ;'rgf u/]sf] ldltn] & lbg leq w/f}6L afx]ssf afFsL sa'n /sd ;+:yfdf hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 . cGoyf w/f}6L jfkt hDdf ul/Psf] /sd hkmt x'g]5 . (= af]nkq :jLsf/ ug]{ gug]{ ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ ;+:yfdf ;'/lIft /xg]5 . !)= /lhi6«]zg ug]{ sfof{nodf nfUg] ;/sf/L b:t'/ / cGo /sd vl/bstf{ cfkm}n] Aoxf]g'{ kg]{5 . !!= cGo hfgsf/Lsf nflu ;+:yfsf] sfof{nodf sfof{no ;do leq ;Dks{ /flv x]g{ a'emg ;lsg]5 .

$

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

e'–dflkmofn] lsQf ufoa u/]/ ljqmL ul/ lbP hUuf ag]kf, sfe|]÷@)^# ;fndf xfn ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ % 3/ ePsf uf]ljGbk|;fb bfxfnn] lstf gDj/ #&& sf] gfk gS;f u/]/ lnPsf] hUuf !–!%–@–! bfd, @)^$ ;fndf lsQf gDj/ %)! sf] * cfgf / @)^% ;fndf lsQf gDj/ %!^ sf] % cfgf u/L s'n !# cfgf ljqmL u/]sf lyP . lsQf gDj/ %!& df /x]sf] !–@–@–! hUuf bfxfns} gfddf sfod lyof] . lsQf gDj/ %!& df 3/ lgdf{0f u/]sf bfxfnn] @)&# ;fndf ;fljs /ljcf]kL uflj; j8f gDj/ ( af6 l;kmfl/; lnPsf lyP . @)&$ ;fndf xfnsf] ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ % af6 lgdf{0f ;DkGg lnPsf] k|df0fkq 5 . @)^$ ;fndf gf/fo0fk|;fb bfxfnnfO{ laqmL ul/Psf] lsQf gDj/ %)! sf] hUuf @)^% ;fndf gf/fo0fk|;fb bfxfnn] gfk gS;f u/L af]wk|;fb rf}nfufO{nfO{ laqmL u/] . @)&* ;fndf af]wk|;fb rf}nfufO{n] gfkL sfof{no w'lnv]naf6 8f]/ gfkL nu]/ xfn sfod /x]sf] elgPsf] %)! sf] lsQf gDj/df * cfgf hUuf x'g' kg{]df % cfgf dfq b]lvPsf] 5 . lsQf gDj/ %!^ n] # cfgf ldr]sf] / lsQf gDj/ %!^ sf] # cfgf %!& n] ldr]sf] eGb} lsQf gDj/ %!& sf] 3/ cuf8L lsNnf uf8\g vf]h] kl5 dfq} hUufsf] ljjfb / e'dflkmofx?n] Pp6} lsQf k6s k6s ljqmL ul/;s]sf] yfxf kfP . cfˆg} 3/ / hUufdf lsNnf

uf8\g vf]h] kl5 hUufwgL uf]ljGbk|;fb bfxfn, lhNnf l:yt gfkL sfof{no / %)! hUuf wgL lar ljjfb x'g uof] . lajfb ePs} ef]lnkN6 g} lsQf gDj/ %!& hUuf wgL uf]ljGbk|;fb bfxfnsf h]7f] 5f]/f lab'/ bfxfn gfkL sfof{no k'u] . pQm lsQfdf /x]sf] hUuf !–@–@–! bfd x'g' kg{]df !$ cfgf dfq ePsf] hjfkm gfkL sfof{non] lbof] . gfkL sfof{nosf tTsflng cldg gljg vqLn] uf]ljGbk|;fb bfxfnn] ljqmL u/]sf] %)! / %!^ df al9 sfl6Psf] sf/0f To:tf] ePsf] hjfkm lbP . hUufwgL uf]ljGbk|;fb bfxfnsf] 5f]/f lab'/ bfxfnn] csf{sf] hUuf hyfefjL sf6\g ldN5 eGg] k|Zgdf vqLn] lga]bg lbg' ;RofO{ lbG5' eGg] hjfkm lbPsf lyP . bfxfn kl/jf/sf] tkm{af6 If]qkmn ldnfg ug{ cg'/f]w ul/Psf] lgj]bg gfkL sfof{nodf btf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . gfkL sfof{nosf cldg glag vqLn] If]qkmn ;Rofpg dfg]gg . …h;n] hUufwgLnfO{ hfgsf/L g} glbO{ hUufsf] lsQfsf6 u/]/ Ps AolQmsf] hUuf csf{] AolQmsf] gfddf k'¥ofO{ lbg' eof] . clg pxfFn] g} lgj]bg lbg' ;RrfO{ lbG5' eGg' eof] kl5 pxfFn] g} lgj]bg lng dfGg' ePgÚ–uf]ljGbk|;fb bfxfnsf 5f]/f ljb'/ bfxfnn] eg]–…slxn] kmfO{n 3/d} 5'6]5 eGg] hjfkm lbP, slxn] sfof{no eP klg kmf]g ubf{ cfkm' aflx/ /x]sf] / nfdf] 5'§Ldf a;]sf] atfP . slxn] lsQf gDj/ %!^ df 3/ alg;s]sf]n] If]qkmn ;RRofpg gldNg] hjfkm lbP .Ú gljg vqLn] lbPsf] b'v / .

s[lif ljifos lhNnf JofkL lrqsnf k|ltof]lutf ;DkGg agk]f÷agk]fdf cfufdL $ ut] af6 xg'] ax[t sl[if dxfT];jsf cj;/df lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt sfes ]| f] cfofh ] gf tyf lghL tyf cfjf;Lo ljBfno cug{fOh { z ] g KofA;g sfes ]| f] ;o+fh ] gdf ljBfyLs { f] gh/df sl[if ljifos lhNnfJofkL v'Nnf lrqsnf kl|tofl]utf @)*) sfe]| dflj agk]fdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . lhNnfdf /xs ] f ;fdb'flos tyf ;:+yfut ljBfnosf $$ j6f ljBfnosf *@ hgf 5fq 5fqfsf] ;xeflutf /xs ] f] lyof] . kl|tofl]utdf ky|d ;/:jtL s~'h dflj kgft}LsL l/hgf tfdfª, låtLo sfe]| OË{ln; dfWolds ljBfno kgft}LsL ;fl]gof dNn 7s/'L, tt[Lo l;4fy{ ag:ynL Ol{Gi6Ro6'sf bfjf zk]f{ ePsf 5g\ . To;u}/L rfy}f] gk]fn kl'n; :sn " ;fuFfsL lbkf >i]7 ePsL 5g\ . ljht]fx?nfO{ dxfT];j pb3\f6gsf lbg $ ut] k/':sf/ ljt/0f ul/g]

atfPsf] 5 . lrqsnf kl|tofl]utfsf] pb3\f6g lzIff ljsf; tyf ;dGjo OsfO{ kd|v ' bj]snf 9sfnn] u/s ] L lyOg{\ . 9sfnn] ljBfyLx{?nfO{ sl[if ;DalGw sltsf] 1fg 5 eGg] pQm kl|tofl]utfaf6 klg ki|6 xg'] atfOg{\ . plgx?n] k9s ] f s/'fnfO{ Aoaxf/ / lrqdf ptfg{ rg'ft}L /xs ] f] atfOg{\ . rg'ft}Lsf afahb" kl|tofl]utfdf ;xeflutf hgfpg' klg 7n ' f] ePsf] 9sfnn] atfOg{\ . ljBfnox?df sl[if dfq} geO{ kl|jlw tyf Aojxfl/s lzIffdf a9L hf8] lbg 9sfnn] cfux| u/s ] L lyOg{\ . kl|tofl]utfdf agk]f KofA;gsf cWoIf sd'f/ dfgGw/, pkfWoIf dxG]b| lji6 nufotsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] ;xeflutf /xs ] f] lyof] . kl|tofl]utfdf KofA;gsf cWoIf Zofd axfb/' eh ' n ] sf] ;efkltTj /xs ] f] lyof] eg] ;~rfng wl'nvn ] KofA;gsf cWoIf dl'Qmgfy l/hfnn] u/s ] f lyP . dfl]gsf efh } ,' kl|zIffyL{

agk]f lgi6df ljljw sfoq{md

ag]kf÷ag]kf lgi6 :s'ndf j;Gt k~rdLsf] cj;/df ljljw sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/ dgfPsf] 5 . ljBfnodf ;fF:s[lts Snasf] cfof]hgfdf g[To k|ltof]lutfsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm k|ltof]lutdf !# j6f l6dsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . k|ltof]lutfdf k|yd sIff !@ sf] Pd kmf]/ ;]S;g, lålto O{ kmf]/ ;fO{G; u|'k / t[lto sIff !! sf] O{ ;]e]g l6d ePsf] lyof] . g[Todf /fli6«otf / /fi6«efj emNsg] uLtx? dfq} ;dfj]z ul/Psf] lyof] . To;}u/L ;flxTo Snasf] cfof]hgfdf sljtf n]vg tyf jfrg k|ltof]lutf ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . k|ltof]lutfdf !! hgf ljBfyL{x?n] efu lnPsf lyP . pQm k|ltof]lutfdf a}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ tyf r'gf}tL lzif{sdf sljtf n]vg tyf afrg ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm k|ltof]lutfdf k|yd sIff !@ sf] lj1fg ljifosL ;GWof vgfn, lålto sIff !! sf] lj1fg ljifosf dl0f/fd Gof}kfg], t[tLo sIff !! sf] Aoa:yfkg ljifosL ;GWof lwtfn / ;fGTjgf sIff !! sf] lj1fg ljifosL d':sfg ;fksf]6f ePsf 5g\ .

To;} u /L ;' r gf k| l jlw kl/of]hgf k|b{zgLsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] 5 . pQm k|b{zgLdf k|yd ;ljg ltdlN;gf, låtLo l;4fGt ltdlN;gf / t[lto o'j/fh :ofªtfg ePsf 5g\ . k|b{zgLdf cfO{l6 ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ ;fdfu|Lx?sf] Aoj;foLs of]hgf tyf km'8:6n /flvPsf] lyof] . ;f]lx sfo{qmddf lrqsnf k|ltof]lutf ;d]t ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf lgi6 kmp08]zgsf ;+:yfks cWoIf 8f= dfwj a/fnn] ljBfyL{x?nfO{

k9fO{;Fu} k9]sf s'/fx?nfO{ Aoaxf/df ptfg{ tyf k|of]ufTds l;sfO{nfO{ hf]8 lbPsf] atfP . u'0f:t/Lo lzIff;Fu} plgx?sf] Ifdtf k|bz{g, Aoaxfl/s, ;fdflhs, g}lts / ;+:sf/o'Qm lzIff k|bfg ug{' g} lgi6sf] p2]Zo /x]sf] a/fnn] atfP . k9fO{df dfq} t]h eP/ gk'Ug] ePsfn] ljBfyL{x?df ePsf] cfˆgf] Ifdtf bIftf k|b{zg ug{' g} cfhsf] lzIffsf] cfjZostf /x]sf] a/fnsf] egfO{ /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf :s'nsf sfo{sf/L lgb{]zs tyf Aoa:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf 8f= /fh]Gb| s'df/ l3l;Ën] :s'nn] k9fO{;Fu} k|of]ufTds lzIffnfO{ g} hf]8 lbPsf] atfP . ljleGg ljifodf cWog/t ljBfyL{x?sf] g]t[Tj ljsf;, u'0f:t/Lo lzIff, cg'zf;g, pgLx?df ePsf] Ifdtfsf] d'NofÍg ub{] :s'n cuf8L a9]sf] l3l;Ën] atfP . To;}u/L :s'nsf lk|lG;kn lbks e§n] cleefjsn] vf]h]sf], ljBfyL{x?n] /f]h]sf] lzIff k|bfg ub{] cfPsf] atfP . sfoq{mddf :sn ' sf kz | f;g kd|v ' k0'ok;|fb s§n ] n] ljBfnodf sIff !! / !@ df lj1fg, Aoa:yfkg, sfgg' ljifo, :gfts txdf ljP;l;= l;P;=cfO6{L, ljcfO{ Pd, ljl;P, nufotsf ljifox? cWofkg eO}/{xs ] f] atfP . sfoq{mddf ;flxTo tyf ;fdflhs ljefu kd|v ' si[0fx/L xd'fufO,{ lj1fg ljefu Zofd ;G'b/ bfxfn, Aoa:yfkg ljefu ;j'fif of]u]n >]i7 nufotn] ljBfyL{x?nfO{ ze'sfdgf kb|fg u/s ] f lyP . sfoq{mddf wGojfb 1fkg ljBfyL{ sfplG;nsf cWoIf ;z ' fGt ltdlN;gfn] u/s ] f lyP . ljBfnon] ut jif{ sIff !@sf] k/LIffdf gk]fn 6k u/s ] f] hgfPsf] lyof] . dlgsf yfkf, kl|zIffyL{

x}/fgLsf af/]df sfof{no k|d'v;Fu ph'/L u/] kl5 lga]bg lbPsf] Ps jif{ kl5 dfq} pQm If]qkmn ;RofO{of] . 36]sf] hUufsf] If]qkmn !$ cfgfaf6 !& cfgf k'Uof] t/ cem} 8]9 cfgf hUuf k'u]g . 8]9 cfgf hUuf vf]lh lbg dfu ubf{ g;lsg] eGb} gfkL sfof{nosf sd{rf/Lx? kmG5Fb} cfP . @)&( ;fndf gS;f ;RofO{ ;s]/ gfk gS;f ug{] / 8]9 cfgf hUuf sxfF 5 vf]Hg] of]hgfdf /x]sf hUuf wgL uf]laGbk|;fb bfxfn / pgsf 5f]/f lab'/ bfxfn cfkm} b+u vfP . Tolt a]nf plgx?n] vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] lsQf gDj/ %)! sf] hUuf af]wk|;fb rf}nfufO{n] lsQf gDj/ %!^ / %!& sf hUufwgLx?n] ldr]sf] eGb} d'2f btf{ u/] . laleGg ;dodf cbfntaf6 8f]/ gflk eof] . 8f]/ gfkLn] Psflt/af6 dfq} hUuf gfk]/, hUufsf] KjfO{G6 gatfpFb} hUufsf] l;dfgf gu/ / j8fsf] l;dfgf ePsf] ;fy} /fhs'nf] ePsf] klxrfg gu/L %!^ n] g} %)! sf] hUuf ldr]sf] k|lta]bg k]; u/] . @)&* k'if @* ut] btf{ ePsf] hUuf lvrnf ;DjGwL d'2f @)&( k'if !@ ut] km};nf eof] . km};nfdf ;d]t hUufwgL uf]ljGbk|;fb bfxfnn] lsQf gDj/ %)! df hUuf lvrf]nf u/]sf] gb]lvPsf] 7x/ u/]sf] 5 . pQm 7x/ kl5 uf]ljGb k|;fb bfxfnn] lsQf gDa/ %!^ / lsQf gDj/ !%& nfO{ hUuf ldr]sf] elg d'2f btf{ u/] . hUuf wgL uf]laGbk|;fbsf 5f]/f lab'/ bfxfnn] ufFp 3/df laleGg ;dodf lgsflnPsf] gS;f 6«];

/ gfkL sfof{no w'lnv]nn] cfkm\gf] /]s8{df /fv]sf] gS;f / 6«]; gS;fx? x]bf{ Pp6} lsQfsf b'O{ k|sf/sf 6«]; lsQf %)! kl/jt{g ul/ %)# ePsf] / %)# lsQf agfO{ cs{}n] laqmL lat/0f u/]sf] / hUuf %)! g} b]vfO{Psf] km]nf k¥of] . k'/fgf] gS;fsf dflyNnf] efux?sf lsQf s]/d]6 u/]sf] b]lvof] . %)! nfO{ %)# agfO{ ;Fu}sf] lsQf #&* nfO{ %)$ agfPsf] km]nf k¥of] . @)^$ ;fndf lsQf gDj/ #&* lsQfsf6 u/L %)# / %)$ ePsf] 6«]; gS;f klg dfnkf]t / gfkL sfof{nodf km]nf k¥of] . t/ pQm 6«];df ePsf] %)# k'/fgf] gS;fdf p:t} gb]lvP kl5 gS;f / 6«]; af]s]/ gfkL sfof{no k'Ubf @)^% ;fndf laqmL u/]sf] %!^ gS;fdf 5 . @)^$ ;fndf laqmL ul/Psf] elgPsf] %)# lsQf g} 5}g . lsQfsf6 ug{ afFsL ePsf] eP 6«]; s;/L aGof] < gS;f eGbf cufl8 6«]; s;/L aG5 < gfkL sfo{nosf sd{rf/Lx? gfhjfkm ePsf 5g\ . hUufsf dflkmofx?n] gfkL sfof{nosf sd{rf/L;Fusf] ;]l6Ëdf lsQfsf6 e};s]sf] An' gS;f g} kl/jt{g ul/ sDk'6/ gS;fdf ;d]t slxn] lsQf g} ufoa agfO{ % cfgf # k};f lalqm u/]sf] k|df0f ;lxt k]z ul/ gfkL sfof{no / lsQf gDj/ %)! nfO{ %)# lsQf agfO{ lalqm ug{] e'dflkmofsf la?2 uf]ljGbk|;fb bfxfnsf] jf/];df lab'/ bfxfnn] lst{] hfn;femL d'2f btf{ u/]sf 5g\ . lsQf g} ;f6km]/ kf/]/ hUuf ljqmL ug{] lu/f]x sfe|]knf~rf]sdf ;lqmo ePsf] 5 .

cflbjf;L hghflt dxf;+3df pbo/fd

ag]kf÷g]skf Pdfn] lgs6 cflbjf;L hghftL dxf;+3 g]kfn sfe|]sf] t]>f] lhNnf clwa]zgaf6 pbo/fd sfo:ysf] cWoIftfdf % kbflwsf/L ;lxt $! ;b:oLo gofF sfo{ ;ldlt lgjf{lrt u/]sf] 5 . sld6Lsf] pkfWoIfdf pQ/ tfdfª / ;lrj u+uf/fd tfdfª /x]sf 5g\ . sld6Lsf] pk ;lrjdf b]jnfn o:dfnL / nljnf; tfdfª /x]sf 5g\ . sf]iffWoIf lzjgf/fo0f 3'Nn' /x]sf 5g\ . ;b:ox?df dlgif >]i7, rGb| nfdf, ;':df >]i7, lhjgs'df/ nfdf, rGb| kx/L, ;/:jtL k'nfdL, t'n;L >]i7 /x]sf 5g\ . To:t} sfG5f k|wfg, ;+lutf >]i7, kfN;fª nfdf, ;'/]Gb| e'h]n, b]j/fh nfdf, k'gdfof sdf{rfo{,

emns du/, l/l2df /fgf, lx/fdfof jfO{jf, /]zd tfdfª, ;l~ht tfdfª, ;+ho tfdfª /x]sf 5g\ . aGb ;qdf ljho l;+ nf]Krgsf] cWoIftfdf cWoIfd08n u7g ePsf] lyof] . cWoIf d08nsf ;b:ox?df xs{dfg tfdfª, /fhg e't{]n, sfG5f/fd tfdfª / Zofd /fgf du/ lyP . clwa]zgsf] pb\3f6g sfo{qmddf Pdfn] kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o tyf k"j{ dGqL Pj+ ;f+;b\ uf]s'n af:sf]6f, s]lGb|o ;b:o gljgf nfdf, k| b ] z sld6L kbflwsf/Lx?, lhNnf sld6L cWoIf czf]s Aof~h' nufotsf kbflwsf/Lx? tyf ljleGg lhDd]jf/Ldf /x]sf g]tfx?n] dGtAo /fv]sf lyP . cfO;{f kw|fg, kl|zIffyL{

/ftdf6]df cfrfo{ aGw'x?n] z'? u/] ;Ktfx 1fg dxfo1 kgf}tL÷kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ ^ /ftdf6]df lkt[ p4f/ tyf ljZj zflGtsf] sfdgf ub{} cfrfo{ jGw' ;j{AofkL ;dfhn] >Ldb\ efujt ;Ktfx 1fg dxfo1 z'? u/]sf] 5 . kl08t cRo'tk|;fb e§/fO{åf/f afrg x'g] pQm 1fg dxfo1df ljleGg If]qaf6 cfrfo{ aGw'x?sf cnfjf cGo eQmhgx?sf] ;xeflutf /xg] 5 . ;Ktfx 1fgdxfo1 z'ef/Desf] k'jf{4df kgf}tL ^ /ftdf6]df /x]sf] cfrfo{ aGw'x?sf] s'nb]jtfsf] dlGb/af6 kgf}tL lqj]0fL x'Fb} OGb|]Zj/ dxfb]j dlGb/ kl/;/ k'uL k'gM Tolx :yfgdf cfP/ snz ofqf ;dfkg ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf cfrfo{ aGw' ;j{AofkL ;dfhsf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf afa'/fd cfrfo{ nufotsf AolQmx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . kmfu'g ! ut] d+unaf/af6 z'? ePsf] ;Ktfx 1fgdxfo1 kmfu'g ( ut] ;dfkg x'g] 5 . cfrfo{ jGw' ;j{AofkL ;dfhsf cWoIf lx/fnfn cfrfo{n] g]kfnsf ;a} lhNnfdf 5l/P/ /x]sf cfrfo{ aGw'x?nfO{ ;Ktfx 1fg dxfo1df lgDtf ul/Psf] atfP . …xfdL cfrfo{ aGw'x?sf] cnfjf ljZjdf zflGtsf] sfdgf ug{] pb]Zon] dxfo1 cfof]hgf ul/Psf] xf]Ú–cWoIf lx/fnfn cfrfo{n] eg]–…lhNnfsf ;a} s'nb]jtf dfGg] AolQmTjx?nfO{ ;Ktfxdf ;xeflutfsf nflu lgdGq0ff ub{5f{} .Ú

cfrfo{x?sf] k'Vof{]nL eg]/ h'Dnf lhNnfnfO{ dflgG5 . ToxfFaf6 pTktL eO{ sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfsf] kfFrvfn l:yt /flgkfgLnfO{ pb\ud:yn dflgG5 .

To; nuQ} s'zfb]jLsf] gofFufpF tyf ljleGg :yfgdf 5l/P/ cfrfo{x? /x]sf 5g\ . kgf}tL gu/kflnsf ^ ;'Gyfg /ftdf6]df klg cfrfo{x?sf] 7'nf] kl/jf/ a;f]af; ub{} cfPsf] 5 . ToxfF cfrfo{x?n] hUuf Aoj:yfkg u/]/ s'n / afo' b]jtfsf] k'hfsf nflu ejg lgdf{0f u/]sf 5g\ . b'O{j6f dlGb/ ;lxt ejg lgdf{0f u/]sf cfrfo{x?n] ;Dk"0f{ lkt[x?sf] p4f/sf nflu dxfo1 cfof]hgf u/]sf x'g\ . ejg lgdf{0fsf nflu :yfgLo lji0f' cfrfo{n] !) cfgf hUuf bfg u/]sf lyP . afFsL !@ cfgf hUuf vl/b u/L @@ cfgfdf ejg / dlGb/ lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . ;Ktfx cfof]hgf ug{] ;ldltdf pkfWoIf an/fd cfrfo{, ;lrj s]bf/ cfrfo{, sf]iffWoIf uf}/j cfrfo{ ;lxtsf] !% ;b:oLo ;ldlt, pk ;ldltx? ;lqmo 5g\ . ;Dk"0f{ cfrfo{ aGw'x?nfO{ ;Ktfxsf nflu s]lx g s]lx ;xof]u ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;ldltn] cfrfo{x?sf] s'nsf] ;+/If0f, k|j{4g / k'g{pTyfgsf nflu ljljw s[ofsnfkx? ul//x]sf] atfO{Psf] 5 . ;Ktfxsf] pb\3f6g sfo{qmddf ljleGg If]qsf AolQmTjx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . cfFrn s]=;L=, k|lzIffyL{

jif{ #) c+s !% @)*) kmfu'g # ut] ljxLjf/

r08]Zj/L dfljsf] &^ cf}+ jflif{sf]T;j tyf xL/s hoGtL

gfnf÷r08]Zj/L dfWolds ljBfnosf] &^ cf}+ jflif{s tyf xL/s hoGtL ;dfkg sfo{qmd k"j{ dGqL tyf sfe|] If]q gDa/ @ sf k|ltlglw ;ef ;f+;b\ uf]s'n af:sf]6fsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . k|d'v cltly af;sf]6fn] ljBfyL{nfO{ k|ljlwo'Qm lzIff;Fu} Aoaxfl/s lzIff k|bfg ug{'kg{] atfP . l;kd"ns lzIff lbg ;lsPdf dfq} cfˆg} b]zdf ljBfyL{x? /xg] l:ylt cfpg] af:sf]6fn] atfP . cfkm' ;~rf/dGqL x'bfF sfe|] dfq} geO{ b]z}e/Ldf dfWolds ljBfnodf cfO{l;6L Nofa :yfkgf ul/Psf] atfP . ljt/0f ul/Psf () k|ltzt ;fd'bfoLs ljBfnon] k|of]udf NofO{ ljBfyL{x?nfO{ l;sfO{ /x]sf] / !) k|ltzt To;} ylGsPsf] l/kf]6{ kfPsf] af:sf]6fsf] egfO{ /x]sf] lyof] . ljBfyL{x?nfO{ l;sfpgs} nfuL cfO{l;6L Nofa k|bfg ul/Psfn] t' ? Gt} ;~rfng ug{ ljBfnox?nfO{ cfu|x u/]sf lyP . sfed]|f klg w/]} ;fdb'flos ljBfno ;:+yfut eGbf klg cAan /xs ] fn] cleefjsx?n] klg ;fd' b flos ljBfnonfO{ ;xofu] ugk'{g]{ af:sf6]fsf] egfO{ /xs ] f] lyof] . sfoq{mddf ljBfno Aoa:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf tyf agk]f gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ $ sf j8f cWoIf Zofd ;G'b/ >i]7n] ljBfnonfO{ gu/sf] pTsi[6 agfpg ;kmn ePsf] / cfufdL zl}Ifs ;qdf lhNnfsf] pTsi[6 / kb|z ] sf] pTsi[6 agfpg nflu/xs ] f] atfP . ljBfnon] ;do cgs ' n " , ;db'fon] vfh ] s ] f,] ;don] dfus ] f] / ljBfyLx{?nfO{ rflxPsf] u0'f:t/Lo lzIff kb|fg u/s ] f] atfP . sg'} ljBfno;uF klg kl|tzkwf{ geO{ u0'f:t/Lo lzIff kb|fg

ug,{ kl|jlw oQ'm lzIff kb|fg ugs { fnfuL $ j6f sf7]fdf :df6{ af8]{ h8fg ul/Psf] / cfufdL zl}Ifs ;qaf6 ;a} sIff sf7]fdf h8fg ul/g] >i]7n] atfP . ;fdb'foLs ljBfno ;db'fos} ePsfn] ;db'fosf] ;xofu] ljgf ljBfno ;w'f/ ug{ / u0'f:t/Lo lzIff kb|fg ug{ g;lsg] ePsfn] ;xofu] lg/Gt/ rflxg] >i]7n] atfP . ljBfnosf] jflifs { kl|tjb]g ljBfnosf kW|ofgfWofks Zofdk;|fb kf08n ] ] k:|tt' u/s ] f lyP . ljBfnodf lzz' sIff bv ] L sIff !@ ;Dd * ;o ljBfyLx{?n] cWog ul//xs ] f] atfP . ljBfnodf efl}ts ;l'jwf;uF} :jR5 vfgk]fgL, ckfË tyf afndq}L zfr}fno, u0'f:t/Lo lzIff, sDKo6'/ Nofa, lj1fg Nofa, kofK{t k:'sfno, dlN6 ldl8of sIff sf7]f, ofu]fsf sIff, kT|os ] zlgaf/ ;u+Lt sIff ;r+fng, :sn " a;sf] nufotsf ;l'jwf /xs ] f] kf08n ] ] atfP . k0"f{ ?kdf cu+h ]| L dfWod dfkmt{ cWofkg xg'] pQm ljBfnodf ljBfyLx{?nfO{ ;do / ljBfyLx{?n] vfh ] s ] f] h:t} u0'f:t/Lo lzIff kb|fg ub]{ cfPsf] kf08n ] ] atfP . sfoq{mddf agk]f gu/kflnsf kd|v ' zflGt/Tg zfSo, pkkd|v ' ljdnf ;fksf6]f, ;xfos kW|ofgfWofks si[0fufk]fn >i]7, sIff ( sf 5fq cfog{ jfb] >i]7, sIff !) sL 5fqf kl|dtf ljZjsdf{ nufPtsf AolQmx?n] ze'sfdgf /fvs ] f lyP . sfoq{mddf ljleGg ;xofu]bftfx?nfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmd ;~rfng lzIfs led;]g x'dfufO{n] u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf j8f cWoIfx?, ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfsf k|ltlglw, ljleGg ljBfnosf k|WofgfWofksx?, cleefjsx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;f:Fs[lts sfo{qmdsf] ;d]t cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . kl|tIff clwsf/L, kl|zIffyL{

kgf}tL–! df afnd}qL j8f 3f]if0ffsf] rf}yf] jflif{sf]T;j ljsf; ltdlN;gf÷/ofn] kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ ! df afnd}qL j8f 3f]if0ffsf] rf}yf] jflif{sf]T;j dgfOPsf] 5 . kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ ! sf sfo{jfxs j8f cWoIf s]bf/k|;fb ;fksf]6fsf] ;efkltTjdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf kgf}tL gu/kflnsfsf gu/ k|d'v /fdz/0f e08f/Lsf] k|d'v cfltYotf /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf pk–k|d'v lutf a~hf/f, k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t /fdk|;fb cfrfo{, afnd}qL ;Dks{ JolQm s]zj a~hf/f, ;~rflnt sfo{qmd dxTjk'0f{ / k|efjsf/L ePsf] atfP . o:t} pk–k|d'v lutf a~hf/fn] afnaflnsfx? cfkm\gf] nflu cfkm} of]hgf agfpg yfn]sf], afn clwsf/sf] nflu gu/kflnsf ljleGg sfo{qmd ;lxt 3/ a:tLdf k'u]sf] pgsf] egfO{ lyof] . afnd}qL ;+ks{ JolQm s]zj a~hf/fn]

@)&% ;fpg @! ut] kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ !@ sfe|] lhNnfsf] klxnf] afnd}qL j8f 3f]if0ff ePsf] :d/0f ub{} kgf}tL gu/kflnsfnfO{ lhNnfs} klxnf] afn>dd'Qm gu/kflnsf agfpg] cleofgdf /x]sf] atfP . sfo{qmddf kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ ! sf afnd}qL ;xhst{f t'nk|;fb ;fksf]6fn] afnd}qL ultljlwsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg k|:t't u/]sf lyP eg] :jfut dGtJo j8f ;lrj eLdk|;fb bfxfnn] /fv]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf zflGt lgs]tg dflj ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt cWoIf /fdrG› ;fksf]6f, afnaflnsfsf] If]qdf sfo{/t lzlz/ ;fksf]6f nufotn] afnaflnsfsf] If]qdf eO/x]sf sfd af/] wf/0ff /fv]sf lyP . ;f]xL cj;/df j8f gDa/ ! lgjf;L /f]lgz >]i7nfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ljleGg k|ltof]lutfdf ;xefuL pTs[i6 ljBfyL{nfO{ ;d]t ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

;fu“fdf eujtL dlGb/ lznfGof; hob]z >]i7÷;fFuf ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf] j8f gDa/ !$ ;fFufdf knf~rf]s eujtL dlGb/sf] lzNofGof; afudtL k|b]z ;ef;b\ s~rg rG› jfb]n] u/]sf 5g\ . sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly jfb]n] cfGtl/s ko{6g k|jw{gdf 6]jf k'Ug] u/L ;fFuf If]qdf b]j b]jfno d7 dlGb/ ljsf;;Fu} pQm eujtL dlGb/sf] lgd{f0f x'g nfu]sf]df wGoafb lbPsf lyP . sfo{qmddf ag]kf gu/kflnsf k|d'v zflGt /Tg zfSon] gu/ leq wfld{s If]q lj:tf/ u/L cfGtl/s ko{6g If]q ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] atfP . sfo{qmddf ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ !$ sf j8f cWoIf 6'Ns' nfdf, ;dfh;]jL k|sfzrG› hf]zL, /fh]G› hf]zL

/fhgLltsdL{ k|r08 /fh k|wfg nufotsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . OlGhlgo/ pQd sfsL{n] xfn b'O{ tnfdf dlGb/ lgdf{0f ug{ nfu]sf] ;fy} jl/k/L dlGb/ kl/;/df ef}lts ;+/rgf agfpg' kg{] ePsf]n] ! s/f]8sf] xf/fxf/Ldf ah]6 cfjZos kg{] atfP . pQm dlGb/ lgd{f0fsf] nflu gu/af6 ? & nfv ljlgof]hg ePsf] hfgsf/L lbO{Psf] lyof] . lgd{f0f :yn sfo{qmddf e'Dn' ufpFkflnsfsf ;dfh;]jL uf]ljGb >]i7n] dlGb/sf] nflu 7"nf] 306L k|bfg u/]sf lyP eg] sfe|]knfGrf]s ;]jf ;dfh stf/sf] tkm{af6 :yfgLo gf/fo0f lji6n] gub ? @& xhf/ lgd{f0f ;ldltnfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmd pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf cWoIf xl/s[i0f sfsL{sf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

%

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

t]hu+uf SofDk;sf] cfof]hgfdf hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL sfo{zfnf kgf} t L÷t] h u+ u f ax' d ' v L SofDk;sf] cfof]hgf / kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ * sf] ;xsfo{df hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c;/ / Go'gLs/0fsf pkfox? ljifos sfo{zfnf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ * sf] sfo{fnodf ePsf] sfo{qmddf !@ j6f ljBfnosf lzIfs, ljBfyL{ kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ * sf hgk|ltlglw nufotsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmd SofDk; Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf pkfWoIf /fhf/fd ;}+h'sf] ;efkltTj ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf SofDk; k|d'v 8f=cDa'ejfgL sfsL{, kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ * sf j8f cWoIf a]bk|;fb a~hf/f, jftf/0f lj1 z'efifrG› b]jsf]6f / ;'lht >]i7, sfo{kflnsf ;b:o rl08sf kl/of/, j8f ;b:o zf]ef sfsL{, /fh]G› s];L, ljZjgfy >]i7, j8f ;lrj /fhs'df/ >]i7, ;xfos SofDk; k|d'v led;]g s];L, rG›d0fL sfˆn], d'lQmgf/fo0f sfˆn] nufotsf] pkl:ytL /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf :jfut dGtJo /fVb} j8f cWoIf a]bk|;fb a~hf/fn] j8fn] of]hgf agfpF b f hnjfo' kl/jt{ g sf c;/ Go'gLs/0fsf nflu jftfj/0f arfpg] sfo{qmddf hf]8 lbPsf] atfP . k|fs[lts ;Dkbf ;+/If0f, ;/;kmfO{, hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c;/ af/] ;r]tgf nufotsf sfo{qmd ul//x]sf] pgsf] egfO{ lyof] k|d'v r'gf}tLsf] ?kdf b]vf k/]sf] hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf sf/0f /

Go'gLs/0fsf pkfo af/] ljBfy{LnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg] p2]Zosf ;fy sfo{qmd ;'? u/]sf]df pgn] v';L JoQm ub{} SofDk;nfO{ wGojfb lbPsf 5g\ . sfoq{mdaf/] ks | fz kfb}{ SofDk; kd|v ' 8f=cDje'jfgL sfsLn { ] hnjfo' kl/jtg{sf sf/0f xg'] Iflt w/]} ePklg o;af/] hgrt]gfsf] sdL /xs ] f] atfOg\ . pgn] ;db'fodf SofDk; sfoq{md cGtut{ kgft}L gu/kflnsfsf ;a} j8fdf sfoq{md ;~rfng ug]{ ;dt] hfgsf/L lbOg . sfoq{mddf dfgl;s :jf:Yo, hnjfo' kl/jtg{, dlxnf ;zlQms/0f nufotsf ljifo lnP/ x/s ] j8fdf kU'g] pgsf] egfO{ 5 .

SofDk;n] k9g\] k9fpg] dfq} geO{ hNbfaNbf ljifodf hgrt]gf hufp5Fg\ eGg] pbfx/0fsf ?kdf sfoq{md ul/Psf] atfOPsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf ;fd'bflos jg lj1 Pj+ jftfj/0fljb\ ;'jf;rG› b]jsf]6fn] k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] pTvgg\, cJojl:yt /x]sf]

jif{ #) c+s !% @)*) kmfu'g # ut] ljxLjf/

sfe|] O·ln; dfljsf] /ht hoGtL dgfOof]

zx/ls/0f, lbuf] ljsf; gx'g', jftfj/0f / ljsf; ;Gt'lnt gxg'F', h+un km8fgL nufotsf sf/0f hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/ a9\b} uPsf] atfP . c:jefljs ?kdf k[YjLsf] tfkqmd j[l4 xb'Ff jftfj/0fLo rqm g} ablnPsf] pgsf] egfO{ 5 . h;sf sf/0f vfBfGg ;+s6, af9L, klx/f], lxdklx/f], cfunfuL h:tf ljkb\sf] ;fdgf ug{'k/]sf] b]jsf]6fn] atfP . hnjfo' kl/jt{gdf 7'nf /fi6« a9L lhDd]jf/ /x]sf] pgn] atfP . hnjfo' kl/jt{g Go'gLs/0fsf nflu jgh+un ;+/If0f, cu{flgs v]tL, ;/;kmfO{, lbuf] ljsf; / Aoj:yfkg nufotsf sfo{ h?/L /x]sf] csf{ jftfj/0f lj1 ;'lht >]i7n] atfPsf 5g . sfo{qmddf xl/t u[x k|efj, hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf sf/0fx?, hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf k|efjx?, Go'gLs/0fsf pkfo, hnjfo' kl/jt{g / g]kfnsf af/]df 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . lgs' e8n], kl|zIffyL{

kgf}tL÷sfe|] lzIff ljsf; k|lti7fgåf/f ;~rflnt sfe|] OËln; dfWolds ljBfnon] /ht hoGtL ljljw sfo{qmd ;lxt dgfPsf] 5 . @)%% ;fndf :yfkgf ePsf] ljBfnon] k':ts nf]sfk{0f, k'/:sf/ ljt/0f, lzIfs, ljBfy{L ;Ddfg tyf ;fF:s[lts sfo{qmd ;lxt @% cf}+ jflif{sf]T;j dgfPsf] xf] . sfo{qmddf ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:o zflGt/fh sfo:ysf] ;efkltTj /x]sf] lyof] eg] w'lnv]n c:ktfnsf sfo{sf/L lgb{]zs 8f. /fds07 dfsh' >]i7sf] k|d'v cfltYotf /x] s f] lyof] . sfo{ q mddf kgf} t L gu/kflnsfsf gu/ k|d'v /fdz/0f e08f/L, pk–k|d'v lutf a~hf/f, j8fcWoIfx? ljleGg ljBfnosf k|d'v Pj+ k|ltlglwsf] pkl:ytL /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf af]n\b} w'lnv]n c:ktfnsf sfo{sf/L lgb{]zs 8f=/fds07 dfsh'n] lzIffsf] ljsf;ljgf b]z kl/jt{g gx'g] eGb} lzIff / :jf:Yo If]qdf nufgL a9fpg'kg{] atfPsf 5g . pgn] ablnFbf] kl/j]z cg';f/ u'0f:t/Lo, Jojxfl/s / g}lts lzIff k|bfg ug{ ljBfnonfO{ cfu|x u/]sf 5g . sfo{qmddf sfe|] OËln; dfWolds ljBfnosf lk|lG;kn a;Gt/fh g]kfnn] ljBfnosf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg k|:t't u/]sf lyP . @% cf}+ jif{df cfOk'Ubf P;Pn;Ldf af]8{ kmi6b]vL k6s–k6s lhNnf k|yd x'g ;kmn ePsf] pgn] atfP . lzIffnfO{ k|ljlwd}qL / Jojxfl/s agfpg u'0f:t/Lo

ag]kf÷ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf] cw{jflif{s ;ldIff ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf gu/ k|d'v zflGt/Tg zfSo, pk–k|d'v ljdnf zdf{, k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t ef]nfk|;fb rfkfufFO{, j8f cWoIfx?, zfvf k|d'v nufotsf] pkl:yltdf cfly{s jif{ @)*)÷*! df ;Dkflbt sfo{qmdx?sf] cw{jflif{s ;ldIff ePsf] xf] . cflys { jif{ @)*)÷)*! sf] klxnf] ^ dlxgfsf] cjlwdf ag]kf gu/kflnsfn] #@=$$ kl|tzt /sd vr{ u/s ] f] 5 . rfn' tkm{ #^=%& / kh F' Lut vr{ @*=@( kl|tzt /sd vr{ ePsf] xf] . agk]f gu/kflnsfdf ! ca{ $@ s/f8] (^ nfv @) xhf/ ah6] ljlgofh ] g ePsfd]f $^ s/f8] #*

nfv &( xhf/ ( ;o @@ ?ko}fF dfq} vr{ ePsf] 5 . rfn' ah6] &) s/f8], %( nfv * xhf/ ah6] /xs ] fd]f @% s/f8] *! nfv &% xhf/ % ;o ^! ?ko}fF vr{ ePsf] 5 . o:t} kh F' Lut ah6] &! s/f8] !@ nfv !@ xhf/ ljlgofh ] g ePsfd]f @) s/f8] %& nfv $ xhf/ # ;o ^) ?ko}fF vr{ ePsf] 5 . Ifq]ut ?kdf cflys { ljsf;tkm{ *=)( kl|tzt, ;fdflhs ljsf;df ##=%$ kl|tzt, kj'f{wf/ ljsf;df #$=%$ kl|tzt, ;z ' f;g tyf cGt;{DaGwLt Ifq]df @)=(#, sfof{no ;~rfng tyf kz | f;gLs vr{ #@=$$ kl|tzt vr{ ePsf] tYofs + ;fjh { lgs ePsf] 5 . j8f:t/Lo ah]6 sfo{fGjogsf] cj:yf klg lg/fzfhgs b]lvPsf] 5 . j8f gDa/ !) n] ;a}eGbf a9L rfn'tkm{ %$=%( /

k'FhLut tkm{ %*=)* k|ltzt vr{ u/]sf] 5 . ;a}eGbf sd vr{ j8f gDa/ !# df ePsf] 5 . ;ldIff uf]i7Ldf sfg'g clws[t Zofds[i0f lqkf7Ln] Goflos ;ldltdf @% j6f lgj]bg btf{ ePsf] hfgsf/L lbP . To;dWo] ^ j6f km5\of{]6 ePsf] 5 . k|zf;g ;xfos ofbj vgfnsf cg';f/ rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] ^ dlxgfdf hGdbtf{ # ;o ^@, d[To'btf{, ! ;o ^), ;DaGw ljR5]b !(, ljjfxbtf{ @)#, a;fO ;/L cfPsf] $*, a;fO{ ;/L hfg] @# j6f JolQmut 36gf btf{ ePsf 5g\ . hg:jf:Yo lg/LIfs dx]Zj/sfhL >]i7n] ^) jif{dfyLsf gu/jf;Lsf nflu bGt lzlj/ ;~rfng ul/Psf], x/]s dlxgf dfgl;s :jf:Yo lSnlgs ;~rfng ul/Psf] hfgsf/L lbP . cfw'lgs df}/Lkfng tflnd, df}/Lsf] 3f/ ljt/0f, sf};Lv]tL tflnd, df6f] hfFr tyf s[lif r'g ljt/0f nufotsf sfo{qmd ul/Psf] gu/kflnsfn] hgfPsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf dlxnf afnaflnsf tyf h]i7 gful/s zfvfn] u/]sf sfo{x? zfvf k|d'v ljhof ;'j]bL, /fhZj zfvf / s[lif zfvfsf] /fhZj clws[t df]xgnfn >]i7, lzIff zfvf k|d'v b]j/fh lg/f}nf, of]hgf zfvf k|d'v Pj+ k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmdsf of]hgf clws[t ;+ud e'h]n, kz';]jf zfvfsf /fd;'Gb/ ;fksf]6f, n]vf zfvf ljgf]b x'dfufFO{ nufotn] cfˆgf] zfvf cGtu{t ePsf sfo{x? hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP . dlnsf k~r, k|lzIffyL{

u'?s'n a]n/ SofDk;df xflh/ hjfkm k|ltof]lutf ag] k f÷;/:jtL k" h fsf] cj;/ kf/L u'?s'n a]n/ SofDk;sf] cfof]hgfdf lhNnf :t/Lo xflh/ hjfkm k|ltof]lutf ul/Psf] 5 . k|ltof]lutfdf k|yd u'?s'n a]n/ SofDk; u|'k -P_ låtLo t]hu+uf ax'd'vL SofDk; kgf}tL t[lto u'?s'n a]n/ SofDk; u|k -la_ / ;fGTjgf ;j{d+unf SofDk; kfr F vfn ePsf 5g\ . k|ltof]lutfdf k|yd x'g]nfO{ gub ? % xhf/ / k|df0fkq , l4ltonfO{ gub ? # xhf/ / k|df0f kq / t[ltonfO{ gub ? @ xhf/ / k|df0f kq ljt/0f ul/Psf] u'?s'n a]n/ SofDk;sf SofDk; k|d'v elu/y clwsf/Ln] hfgsf/L lbP . k|ltof]tfdf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ k9fO{;Fu} ;fdfGo 1fgsf] ;d]t cg'ej tyf Ifdtf / bIftf k|b{zg ug{] p2]Zon] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] clwsf/L atfP . sfo{qmd ;+of]hs dfwj k|;fb kGtn] k|ltof]lutfsf] p2]Zo

;/sf/L ;]jf k|j]z ug{ ;fdfGo 1fg / af}l4s k/LIf0fdf bVntf k|fKt ug}{ kg{] ePsfn] :gfts cWoog ul//x]sf ljBfyL{nfO{ To;tkm{ cfslif{t ug{' /x]sf] atfP . sfo{qmddf SofDk; ;~rfns ;ldlt cWoIf ef]nf yfkf, SofDk; k|d'v elu/y clwsf/L, SofDk;sf ;~rfns ;b:o lj/axfb' / yfkf

;"lrs[t x'g cfpg] af/]sf] ;'rgf k|ydk6s k|sflzt ldlt M @)*)÷!!÷)# ut]

>L rfd'08f df=lj= ag]kf–# ag]kf gu/kflnsfaf6 ICT Lab sf] nflu ljlgof]lht ah]6 ?= ^,%),))).– af6 ICT ;DaGwL

;fdu|L pknAw u/fpg] k|of]hgsf nflu cfkm\gf] k;n, kmd{, ;+:yf cflb ;'lrs[t u/fO{ sd b//]6sf] ;+:yfaf6 ;fdu|L vl/b ug{ @)*) kmfu'g ( ut] ;Dd lgj]bg tyf cfjZos sfuhft ;lxt ljBfnodf ;Dks{sf] nflu of] & lbg] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . cfjZos sfuhkq != kmd{ jf k;n btf{ k|df0fkqsf k|ltlnlkx? . @= kfg jf Eof6df btf{ ePsf] k|df0fsf] k|ltlnlk . #= s/ r'Qmfsf sfuhkqx? . $= g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|ltlnlk . %= lgj]bg / b:t'/ ?= !))).– -lkmtf{ gx'g]_

k|wfgfWofks

;Dks{ M )!!–$!!*(, (*$!#**#%)

nufotsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . cg' z f vfO{ h ' , k| l zIffyL{

lzIfsnfO{ k'/:sf/ ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . sfe|] lzIff ljsf; k|lti7fg tyf ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt cWoIf huGgfy cjfn] zflGt, l;h{gzLntf tyf pTs[i6tfsf] nflu lzIff eGg] cjwf/0ffsf ;fy cufl8 al9/x]sf] atfP . ljBfnon] xfl;n u/]sf pknlAwx? k|z+;gLo /x]sf] pgsf] egfO{ 5 . sfo{qmddf kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ $ sf j8f cWoIf lbks bfxfn, kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ & sf j8f cWoIf ;ljg tfd|fsf/, cleefjs k|ltlglw Pj+ g]kfn ;/sf/sf pk–;lrj /fds'df/ ;fksf]6f, KofA;g lhNnf cWoIf Zofdaxfb'/ e'h]n, ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:o ;lrj /fdz/0f n'O6]n ;xfos lk|lG;kn ;Gts'df/ >]i7n] sfe|] dfljn] lzIff If]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu v]n]sf] e'ldsfsf af/]df wf/0ff /fv]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf ljBfy{Ln] cfˆgf k|ltef k|:t't u/]sf lyP . /f]h' >]i7, k|lzIffyL{

‘PlG6afof]l6s’ vfb} x'g'x'G5 <

agk]f gu/kflnsfsf] cw{ jflifs { ;dLIff – ^ dlxgfdf #@ k|ltzt ah]6 vr{

lzIff k|bfg ul//x]sf] pgsf] egfO{ 5 . g}lts Pj+ rl/qjfg ljBfyL{ lgdf{0fsf nflu ljBfno ;lqmo /x]sf] ;d]t pgn] atfP . ljBfyL{ d f k7g ;+ : s[ l t, l;h{gzLntf, df}lnstf tyf /rgfTds u' 0 fx? k| : km' 6 gsf nflu cltl/Qm lqmofsnfkdf hf]8 lbPsf] klg pgn] atfP . pgsf cg';f/ sIff !@ ;Dd cWofkg eO/x]sf] ljBfnodf !! ;o hgf ljBfyL{ cWoog ul//x]sf 5g . o:t} *# hgf lzIfs / sd{rf/L sfo{/t /x]sf] g]kfnn] atfPsf 5g . lzIfs sd{rf/Lsf nflu ;~rosf]if, ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf]if, k"j{tof/L tflnd, l;sfO{sf] nflu cWoog cjnf]sg e|d0f nufotsf sfo{ ub{} cfO/x]sf] lk|lG;kn g]kfnn] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ . o;}lar @% cf}+ jflif{sf]T;jsf] cj;/df sfl/sf nf]sfk{0f ul/Psf] 5 eg] pTs[i6 ljBfyL{ /

lrlsT;ssf] k/fdz{ cjZo lng';\

w'lnv]n, w'lnv]n c:ktfndf …k|]ma'c/L !$Ú sf] cj;/ kf/L …PlG6afof]l6s 8]Ú dgfO{Psf] 5 . ljut s]lx dlxgf b]lv c:ktfnn] PlG6dfO{qmf]ljPn :6]jf8{lzk sfo{qmd ;+rfngdf NofPsf] 5 . pQm sfo{qmdsf] ;+of]hg tyf g]t[Tj 8f=k|sfz ;fksf]6fn] ul//x]sf 5g\ . …PlG6afof]l6s 8]Ú sf] cj;/ kf/]/ w'lnv]n c:ktfndf ;+rfng ePsf] sfo{ q md kZrft ePsf ;' w f/sf kl/0ffdx? tyf lj/fdLx?df ug{' kg{] yk x]/rfxsf af/]df lrlsT;s, g;{ tyf ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?sf] ;xeflutfdf 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . AofS6]l/of, efO/; / 9';Lh:tf ;"IdhLj lj?4 k|of]u ul/g] PlG6afof]l6s, PlG6efO/n, PlG6kmËn cf}iflwnfO{ PlG6dfOqmf]laon elgG5 . o:tf cf}iflwsf] cjfl~5t k|of]u x'Fbf nlIft ;"IdhLjn] k|lt/f]w Ifdtf ljsf; ug{] / ltgn] u/fpg] /f]u lgsf] gx'g] tyf la/fdLsf] d[ T o' klg x' g ;Sg] lrlsT;sx¿n] atfPsf 5g . lrlsT;ssf] ;Nnfx lagf g} la/fdLn] cfkm}F jf cf}iflw k;naf6 lsg]/ PlG6dfOqmf]laon cf}iflw k|of]u ubf{ 6fO{kmfO8 / cf}nf]h:tf /f]u nfUbf klg

la/fdLsf] pkrf/ ug{ sl7g x'g] u/]sf] cg'ej lrlsT;sx¿ 5 . c:ktfnsf ;+:yfks k|f=8f=/fds07 dfsh'n] df}ifdL ?3f vf]sL h:tf cj:yfdf ;d]t PlG6afof]l6s k|of]u ubf{ lj/fdLnfO{ kl5;Dd x'g ;Sg] c;/sf af/]df ;r]t u/fpg' kg{] atfP . sfo{qmddf k|f=8f=/fh]Gb| sf]Fh', 8f=/fd u'?Ë, 8f=cfef >]i7, 8f=lbks >]i7, 8f=an/fd aNn nufotsf lrlsT;s / cGo g;{x?n] c:ktfndf PlG6afof]l6ssf] ;lx k|of]udf hf]8 lbg lj/fdL tyf lj/fdLsf cfkmGtx?nfO{ ;d]t ;r]t u/fpg' kg{] atfP . lrlsT;sx?n] sv ' /'fsf] Ps 6q'mf df;d'f !! j6f PlG6afofl]6ssf] kl/0ffd kmn ] f k/s ] fn] kzk'I+fLdf ko|fu] ul/g] PlG6afofl]6s lgoGq0f tyf ;lx ko|fu] ug{ si[fs tyf ;/fs ] f/jfnf lgsfonfO{ ;rt] u/fpg' kg]{ atfP . sv ' /'fsf] df;,' bw' nufotaf6 dflg;df kT|oIf PlG6afofl]6ssf] dfqf bl]vg] ePsfn] sg'} ulDe/ ks | l[tsf] /fu] nfUbf c:ktfndf ko|fu] ul/g] PlG6afof]l6sn] c;/ gug{] ePsfn] gful/sx? ;rt] /xg' kg]{ ;Nnfx lbP . 3/d} a;/] ;fdfGo cfi}flw vfP lgsf] xg'] 6fOkmfO8sf] la/fdLnfO{ a9L 8fh ] ;lxt ;O'{

lbgk'g,]{ nfdf] ;do c:ktfnd} egf{ ugk'{g]{ / sltko cj:yfdf t snh ] fd]f c;/ u/s ] f] bl]vG5 . dl:tisdf klg c;/ ug{ ;Sg] lrlsT;x?n] atfPsf 5g\ . PlG6afofl]6ssf] ko|fu] al9/xbFf To;n] la/fdLsf] Hofg} uPsf 36gf klg w/]} bl]vPsf] ;fl]x cj;/df agfP .

PlG6afofl]6ssf] cgl'rt ko|fu]n] sltko ;ªq\mfds hLjf0fx'¿n] cfi}flw kl|t/fw] ug]{ Ifdtf cyf{t PlG6afofl]6s /l]h:6G;' ljsf; u/s ] f] eGb} ljZjJofkL ¿kdf lrGtfx¿ JoQm xbF'} cfPsf 5g . gk]fndf klg PlG6afofl]6ssf] ko|fu] w/]} xg'] u/s ] f] tYofÍn] g} bv ] fPsf sf/0f ;rt]gfsf] cfjZostf k/s ] f] atfOP{sf] 5 . …la/fdLnfO{ PlG6afofl]6S; xfO]g cf/fdÚ /fu];uF kl|t hl}js kl|t/fw] Ifdtf 36s ] f] tYofÍn] bv ] fPsfn] cfddflg;nfO,{ cfi}flw ;e'mfpg] JolQm / gLlt lgdf{tfnfO{ ;rt] u/fpg cfjZos /xs ] f] 8f= ks | fz ;fksf6]fn] atfP . clxn] eO/{xs ] f PlG6afofl]6s cfi}flwx¿sf] ke|fjsfl/tf sd bl]vg yfns ] f] dfq} geO{ gofF cfi}flw klg kQf nfus ] f] 5g} . …hf] sfl]xn] PlG6afof]l6s k|of]u ubf{ Ps k6s lrlsT;s;uF ;fw]/] dfq} vfg' k5Ú{– 8f= /fhG]b| sfh +] n ' ] atfP . lrlsT;sx?n] h;/L klg PlG6afofl]6s ko|fu] ug'{ kg]{ u/L l;kmfl/; gug{ klg ;xeflux?n] atfP . /Gh' yfkf, kl|zIffyL{

t]dfnsf] j8f cWoIf sk ljjfbdf t]dfn÷t]dfn ufpFkflnsfdf j8f gDj/ @ l:yt 8fF8fufpF hfu?s o'jf ;dfhn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] j8f cWoIf km'6jn skdf cfof]hs / /]lk|msf] ldn]dQf] / hfnem]nsf sf/0f ;xefuL l6dx? aLr c:j:y k|lt:kwf{ ePsf] 5 . cfof]hs /fO{lhË :6f/ aLnfO{ lhtfP/ ofË]n o'jf SnjnfO{ x/fpg ul/Psf] lts8dsf sf/0f j8f cWoIf sk kmfO{gn eP klg lgZkIf x'g g;s]sf] v]nf8Lx?n] atfPsf 5g\ . cfof]hs 8fF8fufpF hfu?s o'jf ;dfhn] gSsnL v]nf8Lx? ;xefuL u/fO{ h;/L klg j8f cWoIf sksf] pkfwL lhTg] of]hgf agfPsf] eGb} cGo l6dsf v]nf8Lx?n] cfklQ hgfPsf lyP . v]nf8Lx?sf] c;xdltsf afah't klg ha{hl:t ?kdf v]nsf] lgod lj?4 /]lkm|x?n] k|ltof]lutf ;+rfng u/]sf lyP .

/f]zL ufp“kflnsf /f]zL, sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

ufp“jf;Lx?df cg'/f]w – j8faf6 k|fKt ug]{ ;]jf ;'ljwfsf nflu j8fut ?kd} ;Dks{ /fvf}+ .

– ;a} afnaflnsfnfO{ ljBfnodf k7fcf}+ .

– hGd, d[To', a;fO{;/fO{, ;DaGw ljR5]b / ljjfx btf{ ;DaGwL JolQmut 36gf btf{sf nflu cf–cfˆgf] ;DalGwt j8fdf ;Dks{ /flv ;dod} 36gf btf{ u/f}+ .

– ;a} 3/df zf}rfno lgdf{0f u/f}+ .

– ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf k|fKt ug{ cfjZos of]Uotf / sfuhft af/] ;DalGwt j8fdf ;Dks{ /fvf}+ .

– /fli6«o ejg ;+lxtfsf] k"0f{ kfngf ul/ dfkb08 cg';f/ 3/ lgdf{0f u/f}+ .

– cfdf / aRrf b'j}sf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu aly{ª ;]G6/df ;'Ts]/L u/fpg] u/f}+ .

– ;a} lsl;dsf] kmf]xf]/nfO{ Ps]} 7fpFdf gy'kf/L juL{s[t u/f}+, s'lxg] gs'lxg] kmf]xf]/ 5'6\ofpF .

– Knfli6shGo kmf]xf]/ gafnf}+ .

– s'g} klg Joj;fo btf{ u/]/ dfq ;+rfng u/f}+ .

– s'g} klg gful/sn] afn>dsf] k|of]u gu/f}+ .

– cfw'lgs s[lif k|0ffnL ckgfO{ Joj;flos s[ifs agf}+ .

– pGgt gZnsf kz'kfng u/L :j/f]huf/L ;[hgf u/f}+ .

– wd{, ;F:s[lt, ;Dkbfsf] hu]gf{ u/f}+, df}lns klxrfgnfO{ ;+/If0f u/f}+ .

– ;fj{hlgs ;DklQfsf] ;+/If0f u/f}+ .

j8f cWoIf b]j/fh tfdfª cfkm} ;xeflu v]nf8Lx? lj?4 hfO{nfu]sf] lel8of] oltv]/ ;fdflhs ;~hfndf efO{/n ePsf] 5 . cfof]hs elgPsf] Snjsf] n]6/Kof8 k|of]u ub{} dgnfUbL v]nf8Lx? kl/jt{g ul/Psf] 5 eg] To;sf] hfgsf/L dfUbf pN6} ;"rL Roft]/ cfof]hs km/f/ ePsf lyP . k|ltof]lutfsf] z'?jftL b]lv g} wfFwnL ul/Psf] lyof] . @) j6f l6d ;xeflu ePsf] elgPsf]df !^ l6d Pp6f ;d'xdf lyP eg] afFsL $ j6f l6d csf{] ;d'xdf lyP . k|ltof]lutf $) ldg]6sf] lyof] . @) ldg]6df xfkm 6fO{d ug{] ;xdlt ePsf] lyof] . cfof]hsn] rf/j6f l6daf6 efu lnPsf lyP . v]nf8L gk'Ug] eP kl5 dgnfUbL ?kdf k|ltof]lutfdf v]nf8L ;xeflu u/fO{Psf] lyof] . /fO{lhË :6f/ aL / ofËj]n o'jf Snj aLr eO{/x]sf] fË]n

k|lt:kwf{df /fO{lhË :6f/ ljnfO{ lhtfpg j8f cWoIf b]j/fh nfdfn] cfkm+} e"ldsf v]n]sf] v]nf8Lx?n] atfPsf 5g\ . d+un6f/ l:yt ofË]n o'jf Snjsf v]nf8Lx?n] /]lk|mnfO{ PSn} !% ldg]6;Dd cfof]hsn] lgoGq0fdf /fVg', k|ltof]lutf z'? ug{ /]lk|mn] l;7L gkm'Sb} csf{] ;d'xn] xflgPsf] uf]nnfO{ dfGotf lbg', aLrdf v]/ guPsf] ;donfO{ a9fP/ cfof]hsnfO{ uf]n ug{] u/L ;do a9fpg', k]gfN6L b]vfP/ k/fhosf] PstkmL{ 3f]if0ff ul/Psf sf/0f pQm k|ltof]lutf lgZkIf x'g g;s]sf] v]nf8Lx?n] atfPsf 5g\ . lgZkIf v]nfpg dfu ubf{ j8f cWoIf nfdfn] d'v 5f8]/ l;+un l;+un le8\g cfO{h eGb} xsf/]sf] lel8of] efO{/n 5 . j8f cWoIf nfdfn] eg] xfg{]x?n] z'? u/]sf] av]8faf6 To:tf] ePsf] k|ltlqmof lbPsf 5g\ . /l:dtf s]=;L= k|lzIffyL{

pBd ljsf; art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kgf}tL–&, sfe|]

efvf gf3]sf C0fLx?nfO{ C0f r'Qmf ug{ cfpg]af/] !% lbg] cToGt h?/L ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*)÷!!÷)! ut] o; ;+:yfaf6 ljleGg ;dodf ljleGg lzif{sx?df C0f lnO{ ;+:yfn] k6s k6s lnlvt,df}lvs 6]lnkmf]g tyf kqdfkm{t ;'lrt u/fpbf klg a]jf:tf ub}{ /sd a'emfpg cfn6fn ug]{ C0fLx?nfO{ of] ;"rgf hf/L u/LPsf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] !% lbgleq ;+:yfdf a'emfpg afFsL ;fFjf tyf Aofh /sd a'emfO{ cfkm\gf] sf/f]af/nfO{ lgoldt ug'{ eO{ O{dfGbfl/tf sfod /fVg'x'g cg'/f]w ub{5' . olb tf]lsPsf] ;do;Dddf klg ;+:yfdf gcfO{ a'emfpg'kg]{ /sd ga'emfO{ cfn6fn u/]sf] v08df ;DalGwt C0fLx?sf] AolQmut laj/0f ;'/If0f afkt /fv]sf] lwtf]sf] laj/0f tyf ;DalGwt C0fL, dGh'/Lgfdf lbg] AolQm tyf AolQmut hdfgL lbg]x? ;a}sf] ltg k':t] ljj/0f / kmf]6f] ;lxt /fli6«o÷:yfgLo kqklqsf tyf cGo pko'{Qm ;+rf/ dfWodaf6 laj/0f k|sflzt u/L lwtf] /fv]sf] hfoh]yf lnnfdLsf] k|s[ofaf6 lalqm ljt/0f u/L ;+:yfn] c;'n pk/ ug'{kg]{ ;fFjf, Aofh tyf xh{gf c;'n ul/g] 5 ;fy} ;f] k|s[ofdf nfu]sf] ;Dk"0f{ vr{x? ;d]t C0fL cfk}+mn] Aoxf]{g' kg]{ o;} ;"rgf dfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fpg rfxG5f}+ . o; ;'rgfnfO{ a]jf:tf u/L k"0f{ laj/0f ;lxtsf] ;"rgf k|sfzg ubf{ tkfO{x?sf] dfg;Ddfg tyf k|lti7fdf c;/ k'u]sf] v08df ;+:yf hjfkmb]xL gx'g] Aoxf]/f ;d]t o;} ;"rgf dfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fpg rfxG5f}+ .

C0f pk–;ldlt kmf]g g+=)!!–$$!)**

^

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

jif{ #) c+s !% @)*) kmfu'g # ut] ljxLjf/

lhNnfe/ Nxf]5f/sf] /f}gsM

w'lnv]n av'08f]n a'4 kfs{df a[xt sfo{qmd

w'lnv]n÷;f]gfd Nxf]5f/sf] cj;/ kf/]/ w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf $ l:yt av'08f]n a'4 kfs{df j[xt ;fF:s[lts sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/Psf] 5 . w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf gu/ k|d'v czf]s Aof~h'sf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf sfo{qmd ePsf] xf] . sfo{qmddf sf7df08f}+ ljZjljBfnosf pks'nklt k|f=8f= ef]nf yfkf, /f]zL ufpFkflnsfsf cWoIf lbg]z

nfdf, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf k'j{ pk–k|d'v ljdnf zd{f, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ $ sf j8f cWoIf pQd ltdlN;gf, j8f gDa/ # sf j8f cWoIf u0f]z cfrfo{ nufotsf] pkl:ytL /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf af]Nb} w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf gu/ k|d'v czf]s Aof~h'n] ns8fpgdf ag]sf] kfs{n] ;sf/fTds ;Gb]z k|jfx ug{ ;kmn ePsf] atfP . kfs{ kl/;/df j'4 k|ltdf, /fwf

s[i0fsf] k|ltdf :yfkgf u/]/ Ps} 7fpFdf ;a} wd{ ;+:s[ltnfO{ ;d]6]sf]df v';L JoQm u/]sf 5g . To;} v]/ uO/x]sf] 7fpFnfO{ ;b'kof]u ub{} pTs[i7 7fpF ag]sf]df cfef/ JoQm ub{} pgn] ;dfhsf] hfu?stfn] kl/jt{g ;Dej ePsf] atfP . o:t} /f]zL ufpFkflnsfsf cWoIf lbg]z nfdfn] av'08f]n a'4 kfs{ wfld{s ;lxi0f'tfsf] pbfx/0fsf] ?kdf JofVof u/]sf lyP . sf7df8f} ljZj ljBfnosf pks'nklt k|f= 8f= ef]nf yfkfn] kfs{ lgdf{0fn] ko{6sLo gu/sf] ?kdf klxrfg agfPsf] w'lnv]ndf gofF ko{6sLo ugtJo ylkPsf] dx;'; ePsf] atfPsf 5g . o:t} sf7df08f}+ ljZjljBfnosf 8f= /fd nfdfn] cfˆgf] efiff ;+/If0fdf hf]8 lbg cfu|x u/]sf 5g . ^ k|ltzt tfdfª ;'d'\bfo /x]sf] g]kfndf efiff ghfg]s} sf/0f ;d:of b]vf kg{ yfn]sf] atfP . o;n] ;:s[lts l/ltl/jfhsf] lg/Gt/tfdf ;d:of l;h{g fug{] atfPsf 5g . sfo{qmddf ;fdflhs hfu/0f d~rsf cWoIf

k[YjL yfkf, av'08f]n /ftdf6] 6f]n ;'wf/ ;ldltsf cWoIf ;Dk'0f{ yfkf, av'08f]n a'4 kfs{sf ;Nnfxsf/ vfOaf nfdf, lnlnk l3l;ª, lstfa l;+ tfdfª, lji0f' zdf{, /fduf]kfn 3n] nufotn] Nxf]5f/sf] cj;/df z'esfdgf JoQm u/]sf lyP . ;f]lx lbg kfs{df dfg] / 8Dkm' :tDe pb\3f6g ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf av'08f]n a'4 kfs{ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt cWoIf ;Todfg nfdfn] jif{df b'Ok6s pQm kfs{df eJo sfo{qmd x'g] u/]sf] hfgsf/L lbP . ;f]gfd Nxf]5f/ / s[i0fhGdfi6dLsf lbgdf eJo sfo{qmd x'g] u/]sf] 5 . o; jif{ s[i0f hGdfi6dLsf] lbgdf # ;o hgf sGof k'lhPsf] pgn] hfgsf/L lbP . ;+:s[lt cfbfgk|bfg ug{] ynf]sf] ?kdf kfs{nfO{ ljsf; ug{] of]hgf /x]sf] pgn] atfPsf 5g . sfo{qmddf snfsf/x?n] ;f:s[lts k|:t'tL k|:t't u/]sf lyP eg] pkl:ty ;a} 5d5dL gfr]sf lyP . lhNnfsf ljleGg :yfgdf Nxf]5f/ ljljw sfo{qmdsf ;fy dgfO{Psf] 5 . cfs[lt k+r, k|lzIffyL{

/fz]L ufpk“flnsfsf] !$ cf+ } clwjz]g ag]kf KofA;gn] u¥of] ul0ft

ljifosf] sfo{zfnf uf]i7L

/f]zL÷/f]zL ufpFkflnsfsf] !$ cf}F clwj]zg kflnsf cWoIf lbg]z nfdfsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;efn] cfly{s P]g dflysf] ;+zf]wg k|:tfj, cw{ aflif{s k|utL k|ltj]bg k|:tfj / Goflos ;ldltsf] cw{ aflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg k|:tfj nufot ljleGg k|:tfjx¿ kf; u/]sf] 5 . ;efdf j8f g+= # sf j8f cWoIf wglht nfdfn] z'esfdgf dGtJo /fv]sf lyP eg] pkfWoIf ldd axfb'/ jfO{afn] Goflos ;ldltsf] cw{jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg k|:tfj k]z u/]sf lyP . To;}u/L kflnsfsf

k|jQmf tyf j8f g+= !@ sf j8f cWoIf j;Gt s'df/ tfdfªn] cw{aflif{s k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z u/]sf lyP . rfn' cfly{s jif{ @)*)÷)*! df s'n &$ s/f]8 @& nfv ^) xhf/ cfo x'g] / ;f]xL cg';f/ Joo x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf]df #% s/f]8 %# nfv #^ xhf/ # o; !# cfo /xsf] eg] @^ s/f]8 ^( nfv &% xhf/ ^& Jofo u/]sf] hgfPsf] lyof] . ;efdf ufpF kflnsfsf k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t /fdaxfb'/ tfdfªn] cf=a=sf] cGTo ;Dddf ;Dk"0f{ of]hgfx? ;DkGg x'g] k|lqmofdf /x]sf] atfPsf lyP .

ag] k f÷ag] k f KofA;gsf] cfofh ] gfdf / l/8df/] klAns;]gsf] ;xsfod{f kf7o\qmd / ul0ft ljifosf] cfGtl/s dN"ofÍg ljifodf ! lbg] sfoz { fnf ufl]i7 ;DkGg u/s ] f] 5 . pQm sfoz { fnf ufl]i7df ;:+yfut ljBfno cGtu{t %% j6f ljBfnosf ul0ft ljifosf () hgf lzIfs ;xefuL /xs ] f lyP . ufl]i7df ul0ft k:'tssf nv ] s l8cf/ l;Dv8fn] ul0ft ljifonfO{ s;/L ;xh ?kdf l;sfpg] eGg] ljifodf ljleGg dn ' s ' df kr | ngdf /xs ] f] ljlw gk]fndf nfu' ug]{ cleofg ;~rfng ul/Psf] atfP . ljBfyLx{?n] s;/L ;xh tl/sfn] l;Sg ;S5g\ To;/L l;sfO{ k4tLdf hfgk'g]{ atfPsf lyP . sfoz { fnfsf] kd|v ' cltyL lhNnf

KofA;gsf cWoIf Zofd axfb/' eh ' n ] n] u/s ] f lyP . eh ' n ] n] KofA;gn] ;do ;dodf ljifout lzIfsx?nfO{ zl}Ifs tflndx? kb|fg u/L ljBfyLx{?nfO{ l;sfOd{f ;xh agfpb} cfPsf] atfP . sfoq{mddf KofA;gsf pkfWoIf ;h ' G]b| >i]7, ;lrj 5lj/d0f k/fhn ' L, sfi]ffWoIf a;Gt/fh gk]fn, kgft}L KofA;gsf cWoIf ljdn Gofk}fg,] kfrFvfn KofA;gsf cWoIf l8ljP8L, wl'nvn ] sf cWoIf dl'Qmgfy l/hfn nufotsf] pkl:ytL /xs ] f] lyof] . lhNnf KofA;gsf ;b:o tyf agk]f KofA;gsf pkfWoIf dxG]b| lji6sf] ;o+fh ] gdf pQm sfoq{md ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . uug >i]7, kl|zIffyL{

efn]Zj/ dfljdf lga[Q u'?x?nfO{ ;Ddfg

ljut @^ jif{b]lv

kgf} t L÷>Lk~rdLsf] a;Gtk~rdL_ cj;/df efn] Z j/ dfWolds ljBfno dNkL cWoog/t k"j{ ljBfyL{x?n] lgj[Q u'?x?nfO{ ;Ddfg u/]sf 5g\ . efn]Zj/ dfWolds ljBfnodf ;ft ;Dd tTsflng ;dodf cWofkg/t k"j{ ljBfyL{x?n] u/]sf] lgj[Q u'? ;Ddfg sfo{qmddf ljBfnosf k|WofgfWofks /fdrGb| yfkfn] ljBfnosf ;+:yfksx?, k"j{ lj=Jo=;, k"j{ lzIfsx?sf] of]ubfgn] ljBfno cfhsf] cj:yfdf cfOk'u]sf] atfP . o:tf ;Ddfg sfo{qmdn] ;dfhdf ;sf/fTds k|efj kg]{ s'/f atfpFb} ljBfnon] k"j{ ljBfyL{x?sf] PNd'gfO u7g ug]{ sfo{df ;d]t cufl8 al9;s]sf] / o;nfO{ l5§} d"t{ ?k lbg] yfkfn] k|lta4tf JoQm u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf j8f g+= * sf j8f cWoIf a]bk|;fb aGhf/fn] tTsflng cj:yfsf] :d/0f ub}{ cfkm" dNkL ufpFk~rfotsf] pkk|wfgk~r x'Fbfb]lv ljBfnonfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] / kgf}tL gu/kflnsf eP kZrft cfkm" j8f cWoIf eP/ / tTsflng ;dodf gu/ k|d'v ;KtsfhL a'4frfo{n] ejg lgdf{0f sfo{df u/]sf] ;xof]unfO{ :d/0f ub{} u'?x?sf]

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL hGdM !(($.^.!@

:juf{/f]x0fM @)*).!).@#

of]ubfgn] cfh ljBfno of] cj:yfdf cfOk'u]sf] atfP . sfo{qmddf ljBofno Aoa:yfkg ;ldlt cWoIf /fh]Gb| s]=;Ln] cfkm" olx ljBfnosf] k"j{ ljBfyL{ /xL cfh u'?x?nfO{ ;Ddfg ug{ kfpFbf xlif{t ePsf] atfP . o:tf sfo{qmdn] cfˆgf] ljutsf] ;fyLx? / u'?x?nfO{ e]63f6 ug]{ cj;/ ldnfpg] o:tf] sfo{qmdnfO{ cfufdL lbgdf lg/Gt/tf lbg'kg]{ atfP . sfo{qmddf lzIfs cleefjs ;+3sf cWoIf k"j{ ljBfyL{ ;Gtf]if s'df/ s]=;L, ;xfos k|WofgfWofks xl/k|;fb ltdlN;gf, sdn s]=;L=, ;Ddflgt lgj[Q lzIfs k[YjL yfkf, gLn ;'Gb/ ;}+h' nufotn] z'esdgf dGtAo /fv]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf lgj[Q lzIfsx? uf]kfnbf; ;}+h', s'j]/ yfkf, jf;'b]j >]i7, dfwj a:g]t, l;tf/fd ;'j]bL, ;fy} d/0ff]k/fGt /fds[i0f dxt, zD;]/ axfb'/ a:g]t, hgf{bg clwsf/LnfO{ ;Ddflgt ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf sfo{qmdsf ;+of]hs dx]Gb| dxtn] cfkm"x?n] w]/} ;do cufl8 ;'? u/]sf] pQm sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] atfP . sfo{qmd t]hu+uf ax'd'vL SofDk;sf ;xfos SofDk; k|d'v tyf k"j{ ljBfyL{ eLd;]g s]=;L=n] ;~rfng u/]sf lyP .

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL hGdM @)!%.$.@)

:juf{/f]x0fM @)*).!).@^

:j= b]jLk|;fb ;fksf]6f

:j= ljnaxfb'/ >]i7

o; ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=sf ;lrj Zofdx/L ;fksf]6fsf] k"hgLo lktf b]jLk|;fb ;fksf]6fsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf JoQm ub{5f}F .

e'tk"j{ ;}lgs z'esfdgf ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=sf cWoIf -c=k|f=_ ;]gfgL ljnaxfb'/ >]i7sf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf JoQm ub{5f}F .

/fhs'df/ ;fksf]6f cWoIf

>L hgd}qL art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kl/jf/, kgf}tL–!, /ofn]

e'tk"j{ ;}lgs z'esfdgf ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kl/jf/, ag]kf–&, sfe|]

w'lnv]n d]o/ sk km'6an k|ltof]lutf ;'?

ljsf; ltdlN;gf÷w'lnv]n wl'nvn ] do]/ sk km6'an kl|tofl]utf z? ' ePsf] 5 . wl'nvn ] gu/kflnsfsf gu/ kd|v ' czfs ] Aof~hn ' ] 57}f+} /fli6o« :t/Lo vN'nf wl'nvn ] do]/ sk km6'jn kl|tofl]utfsf] pb3\f6g u/s ] f xg' . /l]km|nfO{ km6'an x:tfGt/0f ub}{ gu/ kd|v ' Aof~hn ' ] kl|tofl]utf ze'f/De u/s ] f lyP . wl'nvn ] gu/kflnsfsf] cfofh ] gf / cfsfz e/}j Snasf] ;dGjodf kl|tofl]utf ePsf] xf] . sfo{qmddf af]Nb} gu/ k|d'v Aof~h'n] gu/kflnsfn] v]n If]qnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fv]sf] atfP . v]nn] zfl//Ls tGb'?:tL;uF} cg'zf;g / g]t[Tj ljsf;df of]ubfg ug{] pgsf] egfO{ lyof] .

k|ltof]lutfdf !% l6dsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] 5 . d]o/ sk kmfu'g % ut];Dd w'lnv]n v]n d}bfgdf ;~rfng x'g]5 . k|ltof]lutfdf k|yd x'g] l6dn] ! nfv gub ;lxt lzN8, d]8n / k|df0fkq, bf];|f] x'g]n] gub %) xhf/ ;lxt lzN8, d]8n / k|df0fkq k|fKt ug{] cfsfz e}/j Snasf cWoIf k'sf/ >]i7 rf]R5]n] hfgsf/L lbP . o:t} a]i6 Kn]o/nfO{ gub % xhf/ ;lxt k|df0fkq, a]i6 l8km]G; ! hgfnfO{ gub @ xhf/ % ;o, a]i6 uf]n /IfsnfO{ @ xhf/ % ;o, xfO{ :sf]//nfO{ gub @ xhf/ % ;o / lzN8 d]8n / k|df0fkq k|bfg ul/g] d'Vo ;+of]hs c+s'/ Aof~h'n] hfgsf/L lbP . Dofg ckm lb DofrnfO{ Snasf] Hofs]6 pknAw u/fOg]5 . pb\3f6g v]n dgsfdgf Pkm;L sf7df08f}+ / sfe|]nL AjfOh sf7df08f} +aLr ePsf] lyof] .

d08gb]pk'/ gu/kflnsf s'Gtfj]zL, sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

gu/jf;Lx?df cg'/f]w – j8faf6 k|fKt ug]{ ;]jf ;'ljwfsf nflu j8fut ?kd} ;Dks{ /fvf}+ .

– ;a} afnaflnsfnfO{ ljBfnodf k7fcf}+ .

– hGd, d[To', a;fO{;/fO{, ;DaGw ljR5]b / ljjfx btf{ ;DaGwL JolQmut 36gf btf{sf nflu cf–cfˆgf] ;DalGwt j8fdf ;Dks{ /flv ;dod} 36gf btf{ u/f}+ .

– ;a} 3/df zf}rfno lgdf{0f u/f}+ .

– ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf k|fKt ug{ cfjZos of]Uotf / sfuhft af/] ;DalGwt j8fdf ;Dks{ /fvf}+ .

– /fli6«o ejg ;+lxtfsf] k"0f{ kfngf ul/ dfkb08 cg';f/ 3/ lgdf{0f u/f}+ .

– cfdf / aRrf b'j}sf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu aly{ª ;]G6/df ;'Ts]/L u/fpg] u/f}+ .

– ;a} lsl;dsf] kmf]xf]/nfO{ Ps]} 7fpFdf gy'kf/L juL{s[t u/f}+, s'lxg] gs'lxg] kmf]xf]/ 5'6\ofpF .

– Knfli6shGo kmf]xf]/ gafnf}+ .

– s'g} klg Joj;fo btf{ u/]/ dfq ;+rfng u/f}+ .

– s'g} klg gful/sn] afn>dsf] k|of]u gu/f}+ .

– cfw'lgs s[lif k|0ffnL ckgfO{ Joj;flos s[ifs agf}+ .

– pGgt gZnsf kz'kfng u/L :j/f]huf/L ;[hgf u/f}+ .

– wd{, ;F:s[lt, ;Dkbfsf] hu]gf{ u/f}+, df}lns klxrfgnfO{ ;+/If0f u/f}+ .

– ;fj{hlgs ;DklQfsf] ;+/If0f u/f}+ .

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL hGdM @))!.!!.!)

:juf{/f]x0fM @)*).!).$

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