Year 28 issue 14

x'=b=g+=)#.)%(.)^), sf=k=lh=b=g+= )!.)%).)%!, sfe|]

k|b]z :t/sf] ‘s’ >]0fLsf] ;fKtflxs

;an, ;d[4, k"jf{wf/o'Qm lhNnf lgdf{0fsf nflu

Pdfn] sfe|]n] agfof] o:tf] vfsf @*cf}+ jif{ c;n ;dfh lgdf{0fsf nflu ;To ;dfrf/sf] ;Dk|]if0f

CHESHTA WEEKLY jif{ @* c+s !$ @)&* df3 !# ut] ljxLjf/ (Thursday, 27 Jan 2022) g]kfn ;+jt\ !!$@, d"No ?= %. -pkTosfsf] nflu ?= &_ k]h ^ www.cheshtaweekly.com.np

sfes ]| f] hg;V+of # nfv ^^ xhf/ * ;o &( 4!% xhf/ %* n] 36\of] 4 @)&* df )=#( / @)^* df )=! n] C0ffTds 4 lhNnfdf w]/} ag]kfdf, yf]/} vfgLvf]nf 4 ag]kf, w'lnv]n / kgf}tLdf a9\of] 4kfFrvfn, gdf]a'4, d08gb]pk'/, a]yfGRff]s, e'Dn', rf}/Lb]p/fnL, /f]zL, t]dfn, vfgLvf]nf / dxfef/tdf 36\of] df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf w'lnv]n

@)^* sf] 36L÷a9L hg;+Vof hgu0fgf @)&*

hgu0fgf @)&* sf] k|f/lDes glthfdf sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfsf] tYofÍ )=#( k|ltztn] 36]sf] 5 . lhNnfsf] s'n hg;+Vof # nfv ^^ xhf/ * ;o &( /x]sf] 5 . h;df ! nfv *) xhf/ ( ;o ^& k'?if / ! nfv *% xhf/ ( ;o !@ dlxnf /x]sf 5g\ . n}lËs cg'kftsf cfwf/df (&=#$ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . @)^* ;fndf eGbf !% xhf/ %* hgf sd ePsf 5g\ . lhNnfsf] ag]kf, w'lnv]n / kgf}tL gu/kflnsfdf ck]Iff eGbf w]/} hg;+Vof a[l4 ePsf] 5 eg] afFsL !) j6f kflnsfdf hg;+Vof 36]sf] 5 . ag]kfdf ;a}eGbf w]/} !@ xhf/ ! hgf yk ePsf 5g\ eg] kgf}tLdf % xhf/ $ ;o *# yk ePsf 5g\ . w'lnv]ndf $ xhf/ @! hgf yk ePsf 5g\ . hg;+Vof yk gx'Fb} ag]kf w]/} hg;+Vof ePsf] kflnsfsf ?kdf lrlgPsf lyof] . 3/w'/L / kl/jf/ / hg;+Vofsf lx;fan] ag]kf k'gM 7'nf] gu/kflnsfsf ?kdf lrlgPsf] 5 . ag]kf kl5 kgf}tL / w'lnv]ndf qmdzM hg;+Vof a[l4 ePsf] 5 . vfgLvf]nf lhNnfs} sd hg;+ V of ePsf] kflnsfsf ?kdf lrlgPsf] 5 . ef}uf]lns ?kn] ljs6 dflgPsf] vfgLvf]nfdf & j6f j8f 5g\ . kl5Nnf]

xhf/ ( ;o #@ 3/ ;+Vof sfod ePsf 5g\ . hasL e'sDksf] /fxt lng]x?sf] ;+Vof () xhf/ eGbf w]/} 3/ w'/L /x]sf] 5 . kl/jf/ ;+Vof eg] (# xhf/ ! ;o *( /x]sf] tYofÍ ljefun] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] tYofÍdf pNn]v 5 . kl/jf/sf] cf};t cfsf/ #=($ /x]sf] 5 . hg3gTj @^# /x]sf] 5 . hgu0fgf @)&* df !( xhf/ % ;o &^ hg;V+of cg'kl:yt /x]sf] tYofÍ ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] 5 . h;df !$ xhf/ $ ;o ^^ k'?if / % xhf/ ! ;o !)

tYofÍ cg';f/ !@ xhf/ # ;o &% /x]sf] 5 . !$ xhf/ # ;o (* af6 36]/ Tolt ePsf] xf] . a;fO{ ;g{] qmd al9/x]sf 5 . @ xhf/ @# hgf !) jif{df sd ePsf 5g\ . @)^* ;fndf lhNnfsf] hg;+Vof # nfv *! xhf/ ( ;o #& lyof] . @)%* ;fndf lhNnfsf] hg;+Vof # nv *% xhf/ ^ ;o &@ lyof] . Tolta]nf )=! k|ltztn] 36]sf] lyof] . hgu0fgf @)&* df lhNnfdf *#

dlxnf /x]sf 5g\ . k|ltztsf cfwf/df )=() /x]sf] 5 . tYofÍ ljefun] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] lhNnfsf !# j6f :yfgLo txx?sf] tYofÍ cg';f/ ;a} eGbf w]/} ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf] hg;++Vof ^& xhf/ ^ ;o @( /x]sf] 5 . h;df k'?if ## xhf/ ! ;o *) k'?if / #$ xhf/ $ ;o $( dlxnf /x]sf 5g\ . !@ xhf/ % ;o $% 3/;+Vofdf !^ xhf/ ( ;o &# kl/jf/ ;+Vof /x]sf] 5 . @)^* ;fndf

dfggLo nId0f nD;fn Ho"

*& nfv slxn] ltg{' x'G5 < sf7df8f} ÷ sfe| ] k nf~rf] s lhNnfsf] ;+3Lo k|ltlglw ;ef lgjf{rg If]q gDj/ @ cGt{ut …sÚ lgjf{rg If]qaf6 tTsflng g]skf Pdfn]sf] ;'o{ lrGxaf6 ljhoL nId0f nD;fn u7jGwgsf] sGkm{/6]an ;/sf/sf] of]hgf cg';f/ ;/sf/nfO{ ltg{'kg{] ef8f ltg{' ePsf] 5}g . g}ltstfsf] s'/f p7fP/ gyfSg] ;f+;b nD;fnsf] Sofkm]n] jiff{}

/sd gltbf{ ;d]t ljefluo dGqL df}g 5g\ . ;f+ ; b\ nD;fnsf] k|f0fgfy Sofkm]df z]o/ 5 . plg ;f+;b\ x'g' cl3 b]lv g} pQm xf]6n ;+rfngdf nufgL lyof] . g]skf PsLs[t afFsL @ k]hdf

ag]kf gu/kflnsfdf %% xhf/ ^ ;o @* hg;+Vof /x]sf] lyof] . !@ xhf/ ! hgf gu/kflnsfsf] ;+Vof yk ePsf] 5 .

To:t} kgf}tLsf] hg;+Vof %@ xhf/ &* k'u]sf] 5 . kgf}tL bf]>f] ePsf] 5 . h;df @% xhf/ $ ;o %& k'?if / @^ xhf/ ^ ;o @! dlxnf /x]sf 5g\ . !! xhf/ % ;o %% 3/ ;+Vofdf !@ xhf/ ( ;o *^ kl/jf/ /x]sf 5g\ . @)^* ;fndf $^ xhf/ % ;o (% hg;+Vof /x]sf] lyof] . kgf}tLdf % xhf/ $ ;o *# yk ePsf] 5 . w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf t]>f] ePsf] 5 . w'lnv]ndf #^ xhf/ ! ;o *# hg;+Vof /x]sf] 5 . h;df !* xhf/ % ;o k'?if / !& xhf/ ^ ;o *@ dlxnf /x]sf 5g\ . &# ;o ( 3/ ;+Vofdf * xhf/ * ;o * 3/ kl/jf/ /x]sf 5g\ . @)^* ;fndf #@ xhf/ ! ;o ^@ hg;+Vof /x]sf] lyof] . $ xhf/ @! hgf w'lnv]ndf yk ePsf 5g\ . kfFrvfn gu/kflnsfdf #% xhf/ ( ;o (@ hg;+Vof /x]sf] 5 . h;df k'?if !& xhf/ $ ;o &! /x]sf 5g\ eg] dlxnf !* xhf/ % ;o @! /x]sf 5g\ . * xhf/ & ;o *# 3/ ;++Vofdf ( xhf/ @ ;o (% 3/ kl/jf/ /x]sf 5g\ . @)^* ;fndf #& xhf/ ( ;o (& /x]sf] lyof] . kfFrvfndf @ xhf/ % hgf 36]sf 5g\ . d08gb]pk'/ gu/kflnsfdf #! xhf/ @ ;o ^! /x]sf] 5 . !% xhf/ # ;o #% k'?if / !% xhf/ ( ;o @^ dlxnf /x]sf 5g\ . & xhf/ * ;o ^! 3/ ;+Vofdf * xhf/ @ ;o @) kl/jf/ ;+Vof

hgu0fgf @)^* 55628 12001-±_ 1781-–_ 16777 3058-–_ 18916 20892 32162 14398 18283 32659 29519 46595 37997 28746

6786-–_ 4021-±_ 2023-–_ 2135-–_ 1398-–_ 3239-–_ 5486-±_ 2005-–_ 5195-–_

22712

5753-–_

/x]sf] 5 . @)^* ;fndf #@ xhf/ ^ ;o %( hg;+Vof /x]sf] lyof] . ! xhf/ # ;o (* 36]sf] 5 . gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsfdf @^ xhf/ @ ;o *) hg;+Vof /x]sf] 5 . !@ xhf/ % ;o &( k'?if / !# xhf/ & ;o ! dlxnf /x]sf 5g\ . ^ xhf/ ( ;o ** 3/ kl/jf/ ;+Vofdf & xhf/ $ ;o ^ /x]sf] 5 . gdf]a'4df @)^* ;fndf @( xhf/ % ;o !( /x]sf] lyof] . em08} $ xhf/ hg;+Vof 36]sf] 5 . a]yfGRff]s ufpFkflnsfdf !$ xhf/ ( ;o (^ k'u]sf] 5 . h;df & xhf/ @ ;o @( k'?if / & xhf/ & ;o ^& dlxnf 5g\ . e'Dn' ufpFkflnsfdf !% xhf/ * ;o %* hg;+Vof /x]sf] 5 . h;df & xhf/ ^ ;o & k'?if / * xhf/ @ ;o %! dlxnf /x]sf 5g\ . rf}/Lb]p/fnL ufpFkflnsfdf !$ xhf/ ! ;o ^ hg;+Vof /x]sf] 5 . h;df ^ xhf/ ^ ;o ^* k'?if / & xhf/ $ ;o #* dlxnf /x]sf 5g\ . vfgLvf]nfdf !@ xhf/ # ;o &% hg;+Vof /x]sf] 5 . h;df ^ xhf/ ! ;o #! k'?if / ^ xhf/ @ ;o $$ dlxnf /x]sf 5g\ . dxfef/t ufpFkflnsfdf !^ xhf/ ! ;o $* /x]sf] 5 . h;df & xhf/ ( ;o ## k'?if / * xhf/ @ ;o !% dlxnf /x]sf 5g\ . /f]zL ufpFkflnsfdf @# xhf/ % ;o !! hg;+Vof /x]sf] 5 . h;df k'?if !! xhf/ $ ;o %* / dlxnf !@ xhf/ (# hgf /x]sf 5g\ . t]dfn ufpFkflnsfdf !^ xhf/ ( ;o %( hg;+Vof /x]sf] 5 .

g]skf Pdfn] sfe|]sf] !) cf}+ lhNnf clwa]zgn] ;an, ;d[4, cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;fF:s[lts clwsf/ ;lxtsf] k"jf{wf/o'Qm lhNnf lgdf{0f ug{] of]hgf kf; u/]sf] 5 . Pdfn]sf] w'lnv]ndf ;DkGg ;Dd]ngn] gofF g]t[Tj rog ;Fu} lhNnf lgdf{0fdf vfsf tof/ u/]sf] Pdfn] sfe|]sf cWoIf czf]s Aof~h'n] atfpg' eof] . …;d[4 sfe|]nL gd'gf sfe|]sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ d"t{?k k|bfg ug{ ljutdf u/]sf] kxnsbdLx?nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbFb} cfufdL lbgdf k"jf{wf/ ljsf;, cf}Bf]lus, s[lif, k|s[lt tyf ;Dkbf ;+/If0f / ko{6g nufotsf If]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu of]hgf lgdf{0f u/]sf 5f}+Ú–Pdfn] cWoIf czf]s Aof~h'n] eGg'eof]– …o; cl3 5}6f+} lhNnf clwa]zgn] kf; u/]sf of]hgfx?nfO{ xfdL ;Qfdf k'Ubf sfof{Gjog u/]sf 5f}+ h;sf sf/0f sfe|]df c/af+} ah]6 ltg} of]hgfx?df ljlgof]hg ePsf] 5 .Ú lhNnfdf cfufdL % jif{ leq !))) lsdL ;8s sfnf]kq] ug]{, sfe|] pkTosfnfO{ /fhwfgLsf] lj:tfl/t t/ of]hgfa4 gofF s]Gb|sf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{, jg]kf, w'lnv]n / kgf}tLdf :df6{ l;6L lgdf{0fsf] sfdnfO{ tbf?stfsf ;fy ;dod} ;DkGg ug]{, eQmk'/–kfFrvfn ;' ? Ëdfu{ lgdf{ 0 fsf] sfo{ n fO{ k| f yldstfdf /fVg] , kfF r vfn gu/kflnsf leq /x]sf] lemu'vf]nf sl/8f]/sf] lgdf{0f ug{], d08gb]pk'/ gu/kflnsfsf] rfvf]nf sl/8f]/ lgdf{0f ug{], gdf]a'4, /f]zL, kgf}tL nufot :yfgsf ;DefAo sl/8f]/ If]qdf

Aojl:yt k" j f{ w f/ ;lxtsf] al:t Aoj:yfkg ug]{, 8fF8fkf/L, sf]lzkf/L, t]dfn, /f]zL, d08g nufotsf If]qx?sf] ;8s / k'jf{wf/sf] ljsf; ug]{, lhNnfsf ljleGg :yfgdf cfjZos k'nx?sf] ;e{] u/L lgdf{0f ug{, lhNnfdf % xhf/ l;6 Ifdtfsf] ax'p2]ZoLo ;efxn lgdf{0f ug]{ of]hgf jgfPsf] 5 .

To:t} Ps kflnsf Ps ljlzi6s[t ljsf;sf nflu k|fyldstfdf /fVg] of]hgf cg';f/ x/]s kflnsfnfO{ ljz]if klxrfgo'Qm kflnsf jgfpg] . kfFrvfnnfO{ s[lif tyf cf}Bf]lus s]Gb|, jg]kfnfO{ cfw'lgs AojzfoLs s]Gb|, kgf}tLnfO{ ;fF:s[lts tyf kof{j/0fLo ko{6g s]Gb|, w'lnv]nnfO{ ko{6g lzIff :jf:Yo / ;fF:s[lts s]Gb|, gdf]a'4nfO{ wfld{s ;fF:s[lts ko{6g / cf}Bf]lus s]Gb|, d08g b]pk'/nfO{ ko{6g / s[lif s]Gb|, e'Dn'nfO{ ko{6g / s[lif s]Gb|, rf}/Lb]p/fnLnfO{ ko{6g / s[lif cg';Gwfg s]Gb|, t]dfnnfO{ ;fF:s[lts ko{6g / a'4lrQ pTkfbg s]Gb|, /f]zLnfO{ s[lif ko{6g ;fF:s[lts / h}ljs cg';Gwfg s]Gb|, dxfef/tnfO{ hl8a'6L / kmnkm'n pTkfbg tyf kz'kfng s]Gb|, vfgLvf]nfnfO{ hl8a'6L skmL / kz'kfng s]Gb|, a]yfgrf]snfO{ ko{6g, k|fs[lts >f]t cWoog tyf kz'kfng s]Gb|sf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{ u?of]hgf th{'df ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . k|s[lt tyf ;Dkbf ;+/If0f / ko{6gtkm{ knf~rf]s eujtL dlGb/nfO{ cem} Aojl:yt / k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ;DkGg u/L ko{6sx?sf] cfsif{0fsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{, kgf}tL gu/kflnsfsf] k'/fgf] ahf/nfO{ ljZj ;Dkbf ;"rLdf /flvg] afFsL @ k]hdf

‘jgsf d'2f’ cnkq

w'lnv]n÷;+3Lo / k|b]z P]g aflemPsf sf/0f rf/ jif{ b]lv l8lehg jg sfof{nox?n] d'2f km};nf ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf dxf;+3 nufotsf jg clwsf/sdL{x?n] jgsf] clwsf/ :yfgLo txdf lbg'kg{] cfjfh p7fPsf]

eP klg ;/sf/n] aflemg] sfg"g lgdf{0f u/]sfn] l8lehg jg sfof{nodf btf{ ePsf d'2fx? km};nf x'g g;s]sf x'g\ . …;+3Lotfkl5 xfdL k|b]zdf ;dfof]hg ePsf sd{rf/L xf}+, l8lehg jg sfof{no klg k|b]z ;/sf/ dftxtsf] xf]Ú–l8lehg jg afFsL @ k]hdf

@

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

;DkfbsLo== = = = = = = = = = = l;6fdfn] sxf“ lsgf+ } ;/sf/ < ;+qmd0f al9/x]sf] 5. ;/sf/ l;6fdf]n cefj 5}g eG5 ahf/df l;6fdf]nf lsGg] 7fpF 5}g. sxfF lsgf}+ ;/sf/ l;6fdf]n < d]l8sndf ls < dGqL lgjf;df < b}lgs xhf/f}+ AolQm ;+Qmldt x'Fbf ;d]t vfg] l;6fdf]nsf] hf]xf] ug{ g;Sg] ;/sf/n] d'n's lgdf{0fsf nflu ;do lbg ;S5< dxfdf/Ln] 5'g g;s]sf] ;/sf/ / ;/sf/df /x]sf bnsf g]tfx?n] eGg 5f8\b}gg\ ljutsf] cf]nL ;/sf/ eGbf u7aGwg l7s < gful/sx? l;6fdf]n l;6fdf]n eg]/ lrRofO{/xFbf ;/sf/sf dGqL gful/s dfg{] v'n]cfd wDsL lbO{/x]sf 5g\. k|b]zsf dGqLx? rf]slt/ au|]NtL 5g\. t/ d]l8sndf l;6fdf]n 5}g. cl3Nnf] r/0fsf] sf]/f]gfdf gful/sx?n] lgMz'Ns lkl;cf/ kl/If0f u/fPsf lyP. clxn] ;/sf/n] k};f lnP/ dfq} kl/If0f u/fpg] u/]sf] 5. dxfdf/Ldf gful/sx?sf] Hofg hf]ufpg ;/sf/sf] bfloTj eP klg ;/sf/ cfˆgf] bfloTjaf6 klG5/x]sf] 5. a}zfvdf :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rg ug{' kg{] eP klg To;nfO{ cg]s afxgf agfP/ 6fg{] k|of; eO{/x]sf] 5. ;/sf/ gful/sx?sf b}lgs hLjg;Fu eGbf klg /fhgLlts cle:6df cfˆgf] :jfy{ k"/f ug{] sf]l;;df 5. ;jf/L ;fwgdf hf]/ ljhf]/ ul/Psf] 5. :yfgLo ;/sf/sf s]lx sfof{nox? aGb 5g\. lhNnf k|zf;g, cbfnt nufotsf ;]jfx? 7Kk k|foM ePsf 5g\. c:ktfndf lj/fdL el/Psf 5g\. t/ klg ;/sf/nfO{ gful/sx?sf] rf;f] 5}g. gful/sx?sf] rf;f]nfO{ eGbf ;/sf/ cGoq Wofg df]8\g nflu/x]sf] 5. lnk'n]sdf ;8s lj:tf/ ePsf] 5 ;/sf/ af]Nb}g. ;+;b\ cj/f]w 5 v'nfpg] k|of; ub{}g. k|d'v k|ltkIf bnsf s'/f ;'Gg} grfxg] u7aGwg bnsf g]tfx? lxhf] s]kL cf]nLnfO{ k|ltudg u¥of] eGb} cfh Tolx kydf cl3 a9]sf 5g\. tLg txs} lgjf{rg Ps} k6s ug{ gldNg] sfg"gL Aoj:yfsf lj?4 lgjf{rgdf k/fho Aoxf]g{' 8/n] dfcf]jfbL / g]skf P; r'gfj k5fl8 ws]Ng yfn]sf 5g\. lhNnfdf sfl]e8–!( ;q+md0fsf] cj:yf tyf vfk] Joj:yfkgsf nflu tof/L ul/Psf] 5. sfl]e8–!( /fs ] yfd, lgoGq0f tyf pkrf/ Joj:yfkg ke | fjsf/L agfpg gk]fn ;/sf/åf/f hf/L ul/Psf] :df6{ ns8fpg sfol{jlw, @)&* adfl]hdsf] Joj:yfx? sfofG{jog z? ' eP klg ;q+md0f b/ a9s ] f] a9o \ } 5. ;fjh { lgs oftfoft ;~rfng ubf{ ;L6 IfdtfeGbf a9L ofq' g/fVg,] ;a} ofqx'?nfO{ df:s clgjfo{ ug,]{ sg ' } ofqn ' ] df:s gnufO{ cfPdf rfns jf ;xrfnsn] al9df kfr F ?ko } fF lnO{ df:s pknAw u/fpg,] ;jf/L ;fwgsf] 9fs ] f / ;jf/L ;fwgleq ;l]g6fOh/sf] Joj:yf ldnfpg,] rfns tyf ;xrfnsn] df:s / km; ] l;N8 nufpg,] ;jf/L ;fwgnfO{ bl}gs ?kdf lg;ªq\mldt ug{] Joj:yf ldnfpg oftfoft Joj;foLnfO{ cg/'fw ] u/s ] f] eP klg s;n } ] 6/]s ] f 5g } g.\ ;q+md0f klg sfgg " kfnfgf u/fpgs ] f nflu dfq} xf] ls eGg] gful/sx?nfO{ k/s ] f] 5. ctM o;sf afah't gful/sx?nfO{ tTsfnsf nflu cfjZos ePsf] l;6fdf]n h:tf] ;fdfGo cf}ifwL Aoj:yfkg ug{' h?/L 5. l;6fdf]n g} cefj eP kl5 cGo /f]usf cf}ifwLx? s;/L pknAw u/fpg ;S5 ;/sf/n] <<<

ljeb] cGTodf nl}·s Gofo kl/ro dlxnf, k'?if / t];|f] lnËL lar x'g] cfly{s ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts lje]bsf] cGTo ub}{ ;dfgtf / ;dtfsf] cfwf/df Gofo k|wfg ug{' g} n}+lus Gofo xf] . o; cjwf/0ffsf] ljsf; ;g\ !(&) sf] bzsdf ePsf] xf] eg] ;g\ !(*) df Right based approach sf] ?kdf ljsf; eP/ -n}lËs Gofo x'g} k5{ ca kLl8t ;x]/ a:b}g_ eGg] c7f]6 u/]sf] kfOG5 . n} + l us Gofon] n} + l us ;+j]bglzntf, ;dfg e'ldsfsf] vf]hL, cf/If0f, ;DaGw, ;fdflhs / ;fF:s[lts e'ldsf, n}lËs pQ/bfoL ah]6, d'n k|jflxs/0f / of]ubfgsf] sb/ h:tf ljifodf hf]8 lbG5 . dlxnf, k'?if / t];|f] lnlË h}ljs ?kdf km/s x'G5g\ t/ ;dfh / b]z ljsf;df plgx?sf] e"ldsf ;dfg x'G5 t;y{ n}+lus cfj/0fdf / ;fdflhs k[i7e"lddf x'g] lje]bsf] cGTo ug{' n}+lus Gofosf] d'Vo p2]Zo xf] . n}+lus -Gender _ lnËsf] cfwf/df dlxnf, k'?if / t];|f] lnlËsf] ;fdflhs cfly{s / ;fF:s[lts e'ldsf, u'0f, lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTjdf x'g] km/skgf n}+lus -Gender_ xf] . ;dfh4f/f lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] dlxnf, k'?if / t];|f] ln+un] lgjf{x ug]{ sfd, lhDd]jf/L, e'ldsf tyf ltgsf] d"NodfGotf

lbg', kf/L>lds glbg' jf sd lbg', cZnLn zAb af]Ng', cZnLn kmf]6f b]vfpg' cflb ;a} n}+lËs lx+;f x'g\ . xfd|f] nufot ljZjsf w]/} ;dfhx?df k'?if eGbf dlxnfx? ljleGg k|sf/sf lx+;faf6 kLl8t ePsf sf/0fn] n}+lËstfsf] cfwf/df x'g] lx+;f dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] 5nkmndf s]lG›t x'g] u/]sf] 5 . n}lËs ;jfnx?

• Gender discrimination • Gender gap • Gender budget • Gender equality / equity • Gender empowerment • Gender blind • Gender sensitivity • Gender main streaming • Gender neutrality

n}+lËs Gofosf nflu ePsf cGt/fli6«o k|of;x? ;g\ !(!) dfr{ * b]lv dlxnf lbj; dgfpg ;'? ;g\ !(!* df a]nfotn] dlxnfnfO{ dtbfgsf] clwsf/ k|bfg u¥of] . ;g\ !(&# df :jLh/Nof08n] dlxnfnfO{ dtbfgsf] clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] xf] . dlxnf lj?4sf] ;a} e]befj pGd'ng ug]{ dxf;GwL -CEDAW_ !(&( df dlxnf sf] l:ylt ;DaGwL cfof]u !($^, ;dfg Hofnf ;DaGwL dxf;GwL !(%!, dlxnfnfO{ gful/stf ;DaGwL dxf;GwL

n}+lus lx+;fdf dlxnf, k'?if / t];|f] lnËL ePs} cfwf/df k]zf, cWoog, sfo{:yn, kl/jf/ tyf ;dfhdf jf s'g} klg 7fpFdf 3[0ff ug{', s'6lk6, of}ghGo b'/frf/, 8/ qf;, wDsL lbg', kf/L>lds glbg' jf sd lbg', cZnLn zAb af]Ng', cZnLn kmf]6f b]vfpg' cflb ;a} n}+lËs lx+;f x'g\ . / wf/0ffnfO{ n}+lus elgG5 . n}+lus cj:yf :yfg, wd{, ;F:s[tL, hfthftL / :yfg lkR5] km/s–km/s x'G5 . of] dflg;sf] ;f]rfO tyf ;fdflhs ;F:s[lts pkh xf] . lnË dlxnf, k'?if / t];|f] lnlËsf] lardf x'g] h}ljs -Biological_ km/skgf g} ln+u xf] . k|fs[lts leGgtfsf] cfwf/df tyf -Genetic composition Composition_ sf cfwf/df dlxnf, k'?if / t];|f] lnËL eg]/ 5'l§g' lnË xf] . of] hGdl;4 g};lu{s ;sZjt / ljZjJofkL x'G5 . n}+lus lx+;f lnËsf] cfwf/df x'g] lx+;f ljZjsf] w]/} ;dfhdf k|flrgsfnb]lv g} ;d:ofsf] ?kdf b]lvb} cfPsf] 5 . km/s olQ xf] b]zsf] ljsf;sf] :t/n] sd / al9 eGg] dfq} xf] . lnËsf] cfwf/df x'g] lx+;f eGg] ljlQs} dlxnf lx+;f elg a'‰g] k|rng ;fdfGo hglhjgdf kfOG5 . t/ n}+lus lx+;fdf dlxnf, k'?if / t];|f] lnËL ePs} cfwf/df k]zf, cWoog, sfo{:yn, kl/jf/ tyf ;dfhdf jf s'g} klg 7fpFdf 3[0ff ug{', s'6lk6, of}ghGo b'/frf/, 8/ qf;, wDsL

!(%&, k];fut e]befj pGd'ng ;DaGwL !(^), ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o gDj/ !#@%, dfgj j]rljvg lj?4, dlxnf jfnjflnsf, lx+;f, jnfTsf/ lj?4 z'Go ;xgzLntf, ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] lg0f{o gDj/ !*@), -åGå k|efljtsf] ;Djf]wgdf n}+lus ;+j]bgzLn x'g'kg]{_ . dfgj clwsf/ ;DjGwL ljZjJofkL 3f]if0f kq !($* . k|yd cGt/fli6«o dlxnf ;Dd]ng !(&% d]lS;sf], bf];|f] cGt/fli6«o dlxnf ;Dd]ng !(*) sf]kgx]ug . t];|f] cGt/fli6«o dlxnf ;Dd]ng 1985 g}/f]jL, rf}yf] cGt/fli6«o dlxnf ;Dd]ng !((*, j]Olhª -j]Olhª ±% / j]Olhª ±!) klg ;DkGg_, MDG/ SDG n] n}lËs ;dfgtfnfO{ ljz]if hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . n}+lus Gofosf nfuL g]kfnn] u/]sf] k|of; lj=;+= @)$^ kZrft dlxnf ljsf; / ;zlQms/0f ljsf;df a9L hf]8 lbPsf] kfO{G5 . CEDAW 1979 nfO{ !((! df g]kfnn] cg'df]bg u/]sf] . ljleGg /fli6«o If]lqo :t/df cGt/fli6«o ;Demf}tf dxf;GwLdf x:tfIf/ u/L k|lta4tf hgfPsf] kfO{G5 . ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf

jgsf=============

tLdWo] ( j6f d'2f # jif{ gfl3;s]sf 5g\ eg] @ jif{ gf3]sf @ j6f, ! jif{ gf3]sf ! j6f / !@ j6f d'2f ! jif{leqsf 5g .

36gfdf a/fdb ePsf @ j6f 6«s, Pp6f df]6/;fOsn / Pp6f :s'6/ l8lehg jg sfof{nodf g} ylGsPsf] 5 . 36gfdf ;+nUg %^ hgfn] dfl;s tf/]v a'lem/x]sf 5g\ . km};nf geP klg 36gfsf cf/f]kL dfl;s ¿kdf sfof{nodf xflh/ eO/x]sf 5g\ . sltkon] t Dofb;d]t u'hf/]sf 5g . @)&# ;fn ;fpg & ut] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no sfe|]n] aFb]nsf] df;' ca}B cf];f/ k;f/ u/]sf] cleof]udf ;fljs kmf]lS;Ë6f/ & a:g] sfG5fnfn 3nfg, uf]s'n] & sf kbdaxfb'/ df]Qmfg / aNynL * sf dfwj yfkfnfO{ kqmfp u/L d'2f btf{ u/]sf] lyof] . plgx?af6 a/fdb ;jf/L ;fwgnfO{ eg] cbfntsf] cfb]zdf ljqmL ljt/0f ug{ gkfpg] u/L ;+rfngsf] cg'dtL k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . t/ klg d'2f km};nf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . jg]kf gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ # sfkm\n]af]6df @)&% a}zfv !) ut] :yfgLox? k|sfz bfxfn, rGb|axfb'/ u'?Ë, ;fg'sfG5f u'?Ë, u0f]zaxfb'/ u'?Ë, lj/axfb'/ u'?Ë / l;tf/fd bfxfnnfO{ xftxltof/ /fvL jgohGt' rf]/L lzsf/L u/]sf] cleof]udf d'2f btf{ ePsf] lyof] . aFb]n df/]/ df;' vfg] qmddf ;flyefO{ aLr s'/f gldNbf k|x/Ldf va/ k'u]sf] lyof] . xltof/ ;lxt aFb]n df/]sf] cleof]udf plgx? kqmfp k/]sf lyP . plgx? w/f}6Ldf l/xf ePsf eP klg d'2f km};nf ePsf] 5}g . @)&$ sflQsdf Og?jfsf #$ jifL{o u[hnfn du/nfO{ 3/df s5'jf kfNg /x/ nfUof] . $ j6f s5'jfsf aRrf lnP/ pgL sd{ynf] sf7df8f}+ lgl:sP . ljkL /fhdfu{ l:yt sfe|]sf] d+un6f/df k|x/L r]lsªdf kbf{ dfq} pgL emNof:; eP . …xfd|f]lt/ t 3/cfFugdf g} kfOG5 s5'jf, /x/ nfu]/ kfNg'k¥of] eg]/ sf7df8f}+ nfUb} lyPF, k'ln; r]lsªdf k/], To;/L n}hfg' u}/sfg'gL xf] eGg] ToxfF eg]kl5 dfq} yfxf eof]Ú–u[hnfnn] eGg'eof] – …3/df g} nfg] xf], gldNg] eP oxL vf]nfdf 5f]l8lbG5' eGbf klg dfg]gg\, $ jif{b]lv d'2f v]lk/x]sf] 5' .Ú /fli6«o lgs'~h

Pdfn]========================================= tof/LnfO{ tbf?stfsf ;fy cufl8 a9fpg], gdf]a'4df a[xt ko{6sLo If]qsf nflu cfjZos ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug]{, t]dfnsf] P]ltxfl;s b/af/ pTvgg\ / ;+/If0f ul/ cfjZos k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ug]{, a]yfGrf]s gf/fo0f:yfgdf cfjZos k"jf{wf/sf] lgdf{0f u/L ko{6g s]Gb| lgdf{0f ug]{, /f]zL ufpFkflnsfsf] e'd]r'nL, tf/fv;]n]s nufotsf :yfgx?sf] ;+/If0f / k|rf/k|;f/ ug]{, kgf}tL gu/kflnsfsf] s'zfb]jLl:yt u'b{'d8fF8faf6 ;'? ePsf] Kof/fUnfO{l8Ësf] ljsf; / ;+/If0f ug]{, jg]kfsf] af;'sL, tgrf]s, 7'nLrf}/ nufotsf :yfgx?sf] ;+/If0f / k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{, d08gb]pk'/ gu/kflnsfleq kg{] gu/sf]6, 7'nLrf}/ nufotsf :yfgdf yk Aojl:yt, k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ;lxt ;+/If0f / cfjZos k|rf/ k|rf/ ug{], e'Dn'sf] bf]nfn3f6, d'nvs{ led;]g:yfg nufotsf :yfgsf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .

To:t} w'lnv]nsf] b]jL:yfg nufotsf ljleGg :yfgdf /x]sf ko{6sLo :ynx?sf] ;+/If0f ;lxt k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ug]{, >L/fdkf6L If]qsf] pTvgg\ u/L ;+/If0f ug]{, cGo ;a} kflnsfx?df /x]sf wfld{s If]qx?sf] k|rf/ k|;f/, ;+/If0f / k|j{4g ug{], x/]s kflnsfdf sDtLdf Ps xf]d:6], Ps ko{6sLo uGtAo lgdf{0f ug]{, gdf]a'4–# / w'lnv]ndf v'nf lrl8ofvfgf :yfkgf ug]{, e'd]8fF8fdf r/f cWoog s]Gb| :yfkgf ug]{, l;d;f/ If]qsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu of]hgf jgfpg], k/Dk/fut kf]v/L, a/ lkkn rf}tf/Lx?sf] ;+/If0f ug]{ / jf6/ l/rfh{sf nflu 8fF8fx?df kf]v/L lgdf{0f ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . s[lif kz'kfngtkm{ ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo cg';f/ x/]s gful/ssf] cfo:t/ psf:g x/]s kflnsfdf jftfj/0f cg's"n kmnkm'n pTkfbgdf k|f]T;fxg ug{], Ps j8f Ps g;{/L / Ps kflnsf Ps ljz]if s[lif pTkfbg s]Gb|sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ cl3 a9fpg], rf}jf; If]q / jflN6Ëdf af]6flgsn uf8{]g ;lxtsf] lrof pTkfbg au}rf lgdf{0f ug]{, jg]kf / w'lnv]ndf af]6flgsn uf8{]g lgdf{0f ug{], Aoj;foLs kz'kfng / Aoj;flos t/sf/L v]ltdf hf]8 lbg], lhNnfdf PDa'n]G; ;lxtsf] ;'ljwf;DkGg kz' c:ktfn lgdf{0f ug]{, s[lif tyf kz'hGo pkhsf] u'0f:t/ hfFrs]Gb| :yfkgf ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . ljZjljBfno tyf z}lIfs If]qtkm{ Pdfn]n] dbg e08f/L lj1fg tyf k|ljlw ljZjljBfno / dbg e08f/L k|f}Bf]lus ljZjljBfnosf] lgdf{0fsf] sfo{nfO{ pRr k|fyldstfdf /fVg], k|lt/Iff ljZjljBfno lgdf{0fsf] sfo{nfO{ lta|tf lbg], sfe|] lhNnfdf lqljsf] cf+lus sn]h :yfkgf ug{], Ps kflnsf Ps k|fljlws ljBfno :yfkgf ug]{, x/]s ljBfnodf lj1fg ul0ft / cfO{6L k7gkf7gnfO{ Aojl:yt ug]{, vuf]n zf:q cWoog s]Gb| lgdf{0f ug]{ of]hgf jgfPsf] 5 . cGo k"jf{wf/tkm{ lkmNd l;6L :6'l8of] lgdf{0f sfo{nfO{ lta|tf k|bfg ug]{, dfp06]g :kf]6{;\ Ps]8]dLsf] lgdf{0f ug{], x/]s gu/ tyf kflnsfx?df gd'gf / Aojl:yt zx/ lgdf{0f ug]{, x/]s kflnsfdf Ps v]n d}bfg lgdf{0f ug]{, lhNnfdf lqms]6 v]n d}bfg lgdf{0f ug{], ;Defljt gbLx?df ljB't u[x :yfkgf ug]{, ko{6gnfO{ hf]8 lbg], ;Defjgf cWoog ul/ hnljxf/ :yn lgdf{0f ug]{, k'/ftflTjs tyf ;fF:s[lts ;+u|fxno lgdf{0f ug]{, Ps kflnsf Ps snf / ;flxTo s]Gb| :yfkgf ug]{, lbuf] ljsf;sf] nIo xfl;n u/L sfe|]nfO{ ;g\ @)#) leq ul/jL pGd'ng ul/, lzIff, :jf:Yo, s[lif, ko{6g nufotsf k"jf{wf/x?sf dfWodaf6 ;an lhNnf jgfpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . Ps kflnsf Pp6f 7'nf] ko{6sLo, wfld{s / ;fF:s[lts kfs{ lgdf{0f ug]{, k|To]s kflnsfdf dlxnf, o'jf, blnt, / ul/a kl/ifb\x? u7g ul/ :j/f]huf/Lsf] sfd ug]{ / ul/aL lgjf/0f ug]{, Ps kflnsf Ps cTofw'lgs Aofofdzfnf, of]u tyf k|fs[lts lrlsT;f s]Gb| lgdf{0f ug]{, Ps kflnsf Ps cgfyfno :yfkgf ug]{, lhNnfsf ;a} a:tLx?df Ps 3/ Ps :jR5 vfg]kfgLsf] wf/fsf] Aoj:yf ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . ;a} al:tdf O{G6/g]6 ;]jf k'¥ofpg], l;+uf] sfe|] lhNnfsf] ef}ule{s cWoog ug]{, -k|fs[lts >f]t, ljkb cj:yf, s[lif pTkfbg, al:t ljsf; cfbL_, x\of08Lqmfˆ6 pTkfbg tyf laqmL s]Gb| :yfkgf ug]{, lhNnfsf] dfO{qmf] Osf]gf]ldS; :6f6; cg';Gwfg ug]{, /;folgs dnsf] e08f/0f Ifdtf a[l4 ug]{, lhNnfdf /x]sf ;a} k|d'v gbL hnfwf/ If]qsf] ;+/If0fsf] of]hgf jgfpg], lhNnfsf k|d'v zx/x?df zx/L ;f}Gbo{s/0f kl/of]hgf nfu' ug]{, sDkf]i6 dn pTkfbg / kfgL ;'l4s/0f ;lxtsf] Plss[t kmf]xf]/d}nf Aoj:yfkg cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .

jif{ @* c+s !$ @)&* df3 !# ut] ljxLjf/

sfof{no sfe|]sf k|d'v b]jLrG› kf]v/]nn] eGg'eof]–…;+3Lo jg P]gn] d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/Lsf ¿kdf g]kfn ;/sf/ -;+3_ sf sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]s]sf sf/0f rf/ jif{b]lvsf d'2f km};nf ug{ kfPsf 5}gf}+, of] sfe|]df dfq geO{ b]ze/sf] ;d:of xf] .Ú ;+3Lotf sfof{Gjog kl5 ;fljs lhNnf jg sfof{no k|b]z ;/sf/ cGtu{tsf] pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno dftxt /x\of] . xfn k|b]z ;/sf/sf] jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnocGtu{t l8lehg jg sfof{no cl:tTjdf 5 . ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf] jg P]g, @)&^ n] k|b]z ;/sf/cGtu{t /x]sf l8lehg jg sfof{nosf] cl:tTj klg l:jsf/]sf] 5 t/ ;f]xL P]gdf l8lehg jg clws[t eGgfn] …g]kfn ;/sf/n] v6fPsf] l8lehg jg sfof{nosf] k|d'v ;Demg'k5{Ú eGg] pNn]v 5 . pQm Joj:yfcg';f/ ;+3Lo jg P]gn] k|b]zcGtu{tsf l8lehgn jg clws[t lrGb}g . b'O{ nfv ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf jf Ps jif{;Dd s}b jf b'j} d'2f g]kfn ;/sf/sf] l8lehgn jg clws[tn] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug]{ Joj:yf ub}{ …d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/LÚ sf ¿kdf l8lehgn jg clws[tnfO{ tf]s]sf] 5 . t/ P]gdf g]kfn ;/sf/ -;+3Lo ;/sf/_ sf] sd{rf/L eg]sfn] l8lehg jg clws[tx¿n] rf/ jif{b]lv d'2fsf] km};nf u/]sf 5}gg . cw{Goflos lgsfo jg sfof{noaf6 d'2fsf] clGtd lsgf/f -km};nf_ gnfu]sf sf/0f cf/f]lktx¿ $ jif{b]lv tf/]v wfpg afWo 5g . l8lehg jg sfof{no sfe|]df ljleGg k|s[ltsf @$ yfg d'2f km};nf x'g afFsL 5g . ljgf Ohfht jg k}bfjf/ cf];f/k;f/ u/]sf !*, aFb]nsf] df;' laqmL u/]sf], s5'jfsf] aRrf cf];f/k;f/ u/]sf], aFb]n df/]sf], lrt'jfsf] 5fnf÷x8\8L cf];f/k;f/ u/]sf], x'lrn cf];f/k;f/ u/]sf] / /t'jf d[u l;sf/ u/]sf] !÷! j6f d'2f km};nf x'g afFsL /x]sf] l8lehg jg clws[t b]ljrGb| kf]v/]nn] atfpg' eof] .

cfhsf] ljrf/ lx/f e08f/L k|:tfjgfdf g} n}+lus cGTo ug]{ k|lta4tf AoQm ul/Psf] 5 . cfdfsf] gfdaf6 klg gful/tf agfpg ;lsg], n}+lus klxrfg ;lxtsf] gful/stfsf] Joj:yf, ;dfgtfsf] xsdf ;dfg sfdsf nfuL n}+lus cfwf/df kfl/>lds tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf s'g} e]befj ul/g] 5}g . k}t[s ;DklQdf n}+lus e]befj ljgf ;j} ;Gtfgsf] ;dfg xs x'g]5 . ;fdflhs Gofosf] xsdf n}+lus tyf of} l gs cNk;+ V osnfO{ ;dfj] z L l;4fGtsf cfwf/df /fHosf] lgsfodf ;xeflutfsf] xs x'g]5 . dlxnfsf] xsdf k|hgg\ ;DaGwL xsM k|To]s dlxnfnfO{ n}+lus e]befj ljgf ;dfg j+lzo xs x'g]5 . ;DklQ tyf kf/Ljfl/ssf] dfldnfdf bDklQsf] ;dfg xs x'g]5 . n}+lus lx+;f b08gLo elgg] Joj:yf ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df ;xefuL x'g] xs x'g]5 . zf]if0f lj?4sf] xs k|yf k/Dk/fsf] k|rngsf] gfddf zf]if0f ug{ gkfO{g] Joj:yf 5 . /fHosf ljleGg tx / lgsfodf /fhlglts k|ltlglwTj Pj+ zf;lso k|ltlglwTjdf dlxnfsf] clgjfo{ ;xefuLtf /xg] ;+j}wflgs k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5 . k|ltlglw ;ef / /fli6«o ;efdf ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 eg] /fHo k|0ffnL ;]jfdf ## k|ltzt dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj /xg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . dxTjk'0f{ kbdf km/s lnË / ;d'bfosf] JolQm x'g'kg]{ cj:yf, /fHosf] lgb]{zs l;4fGtdf n}+lus ;dfgtf sfod ug]{ /fhlglts p2]Zo /x]sf], /fi6«klt / pk/fi6«klt km/s km/s ln+u jf ;d'bfosf] x'g'kg]{ Joj:yf, dlGqkl/ifbsf] u7gdf ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL l;4fGt nfu' x'g], ;efd'v / pk;efd'v Ps hgf dlxnf x'g'kg]{ Joj:yf, ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ul/Psf], :yfgLo txsf k|d'v / pkk|d'v Pshgf dlxnf clgjfo{ ul/Psf], n}lËs Gofo sfod ug]{ ;Gbe{df g]kfnsf] P]ltxfl;s k[i7e'dL /x]sf] 5 . lj=;+ = @))& ;fnsf]

;+ljwfgdf ;Nnfxsf/ ;efdf dlxnfsf] cf/If0fsf] Joj:yf, @)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfgdf /fli6«o ;efdf slDtdf tLg hgf ;+;b dlxnf x'g] Joj:yf, @)%% ;fnb]lv :yfgLo lgsfodf dlxnfsf] cf/If0f, @)&$ ;fnb]vL ;/sf/L ;]jfdf cf/If0fsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . cfjlws of]hgf 5}7f}+ b]lv n}+lËs ;jfnsf] Joj:yf n}+lus Gofo ;DjGwL sfg"gL Joj:yfx?, dfgj j]rljvg tyf cf];f/ k;f/ P]g @)^$, 3/]n' lx+;f s;'/ / ;hfo P]g @)^^, lghfdtL ;]jf P]g @)$(, sfo{:yndf of}ghGo b'Jo{jxf/ lgjf/0f P]g @)&!, gful/stf P]g @)^#, /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]u P]g, @)&$, n}+lËs ;dfgtf sfod ug]{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug{ ag]sf] P]g @)&#, n}+lus lx+;f lgjf/0f sf]if lgodfjnL @)^&, n}+lËs lx+;f cGTo tyf n}lus ;;lQms/0f tyf ;DjGwL /fli6«o /0flglt tyf sfo{of]hgf @)^(–@)&$ /x]sf]] 5 . ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts If]qdf ljleGg ;'wf/ sfo{qmd eP tfkgL ;fdflhs ;+/rgf / ;+:sf/ dlxnf / t];|f] lnlË lj/f]wL b]lvPsf] 5 . dlxnf–dlxnf larsf] P]Soa4tfsf] sdL / s]lx dlxnf /fhlglts / k|zf;lgs If]qsf] dflyNnf] :yfgdf k'u]kl5 ;'k/ d]ndf ?kfGtl/t x'g] k|j[lQ 5 . ;dfhn] cfw'lgstfsf] cfj/0fdf cfkm'nfO{ ;'emfP klg t];|f] lnlËnfO{ ckx]ngf ug]{ ;f]r cem} xflj /x]sf] kfOG5 . dlxnf kLl8t k'?ifx? ;fdflhs lxgtfaf]wsf sf/0f cfjdh p7fpg g;s]sf] l:ylt b]lvG5 . c;dfg ;dfhdf /fHon] zlQm, ;f|t], clwsf/ / cj;/nfO{ a/fa/L af8F/] xb'g} . jl~rltdf k/s ] f lnË ;dx'sf] klxrfg, kxrF', kl|tlglwdn ' s pkl:ylt, ;xeflutf, ;zlQms/0f h:tf ;dfjz ] L ;jfnsf] ;Dafw]g ug'{ h?/L xG'5 . gk]fnn] cGt/fl{i6o b:tfjh ] df hgfPsf] kl|ta4tf, ;l+jwfg / sfgg'df u/s ] f nl+}us Gofo ;DaGwL kf|jwfg / Gofokflnsfn] ljleGg ;dodf kl|tkfbg u/s ] f glh/x?sf] cIf/; sfofG{jog xg'' kb5{ . elgG5 sfnf / lr;f sfgg'L cIf/x?df kf|0f egs { f] nfuL Jojxfl/s ko|fu], Goflos JofVof cfl}rTok0'f{ sfofG{jog xg'k'b5{ .

-nv ] s lhNnf cbfnt sfek]|nf~rfs ] df clwst[ txdf sfo/{t xg'x'G'5 ._

tyf jg ;+/If0f P]g -@)@(_ sf] bkmf @^ -^_ adf]lhd s;'/ u/]sf] eGb} pxfFnfO{ @) xhf/ w/f}6L / 5 dlxgf s}b afkt $% ;o ?k}ofF hl/jfgf ug]{ cfb]z ePsf] lyof] . To;otf pxfF dfl;s tf/]vdf x'g'x'G5 . clGtd km};nf gcfPsf] sf/0f :s'6/ / cfOkmf]g ;d]t l8lehg jg sfof{no sfe|]df ylGsPsf] 5 . tLg txsf] ;/sf/aLr sfg'g sfof{Gjogdf c:ki6tf x'Fbf ;j{;fwf/0fn] ;f:tL kfPsf 5Gf . sfg'gsf] km/s–km/s JofVofsf sf/0f ;]jfu|fxL dsf{df k/]sf x'g\ . …kmf}hbf/L k|s[ltsf]Ú jg d'2f g]kfn ;/sf/s] sd{rf/Ln] dfq} x]g]{ sfg'gL Joj:yfn] k|b]zcGtu{tsf sfof{non] d'2f km};nf ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg . ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf dxf;+3n] eg] jg;DjgwL sfg'g jgfpg] clwsf/ g} :yfgLo txdf x'g'kg]{ c8fg /fVb} cfPsf] 5 . …jg;DjgwL ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ :yfgLo txdf g} x'g'k5{ eGg] xfd|f] dfu xf], l9nf]rfF8f] Tof] dfu ;Daf]wg x'G5, x'g'k5{Ú–;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf dxf;+3 jfudtL k|b]zsf cWoIf ljgf]b ;fksf]6fn] eGg'eof]– …l8lehg / ;al8lehg jgsf] ;+/rgf vf/]h u/L ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo

tLnu+ufl:yt ko{6g ;"rgf s]G›df ko{6sx?sf nflu k|j]z l6s6 lalqm sfp06/;lxt ;]jf ;'ljwf k'¥ofpg] pb]Zon] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] ejgdf lrof skmLsf] ;'ljwf ;lxtsf] z'4 zfsfxf/L rd]gf u[x Pj+ ;f]lelgo/ k;n ;~rfngsf nflu nD;fn;lxtsf ;~rfnsn] ;Demf}tf ug{' ePsf] lyof] . ;Demf}tf cg';f/ sf]ifnfO{ dfl;s &! xhf/ % ;o ?k}ofFsf] b/n] ef8f a'emfpg] kg]{df nD;fn;lxtsf g]tfx?n] sf]ifnfO{ ef8f glt/L c6]/ u/]sf x'g . ;Demf}tfdf #) a'Fb] zt{ /flvPsf] 5 . h;sf] @@cf}+ a'Fbfdf ef8f ;DaGwL Aoj:yf /x]sf] 5 . k| f 0fgfy Sofkm] ;~rfnsn] ejgdf lrof skmLsf] ;'ljwf ;lxtsf] z'4 zfsfxf/L rd]gf u[x -e]lh6]l/og Sofkm]_ Pj+ ;f]lelgo/ k;n -ko{6g ;]jf s]G›_ ltnu+ufsf] ejgdf ;~rfng u/] afkt klxnf] kIf -sf]if_ nfO{ dfl;s &!,%)) -PsxQ/ xhf/ kfFr ;o ?k}of dfq_ k|To]s dlxgfsf] & ut]leq a'emfpg' kg]{5 . !) k|ltzt lanDa z'Ns ;lxt ;f]xL dlxgfsf] d;fGtleq z'Ns a'emfpg ;lsg] 5 . k|To]s aif{ ;Demf}tfsf] ef8fb/df !) k|ltztsf b/n] a[l4 ul/g] pNn]v 5 . a[l4 ePsf] ef8fb/ ;d]t ;dfj]z x'g] u/L tf]lsPsf] ;do leq ef8f a'emfpg' kg]{5 . ef8f a'emfpg g;s]df ;+emf}tf /4 u/L w/f}6L hkmt ul/g] 5 . ;fy} ;f] :yfgaf6 ;~rfnsn] rn–crn ;fdfg lgsfNg gkfpg] u/L ePsf] IftLsf] IftLk"lt{ ;~rfnsaf6 c;'n pk/ ul/g] ;Demf}tfsf] @@ cf}+ a'Fbfdf elgPsf] 5 . ;Demf}tfsf] @# cf}+ a'Fbfdf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{ ;Dk'0f{ s/ -;]jf z'Ns, d'No clea[l4 s/, tyf cfos/ ;~rfns :jo+n] a]xf]g{'kg]{ pNn]v 5 . dGqL k|]d cfn]n] dfwj g]kfn lgs6 g]skf P;sf g]tf ePsf nId0f nD;fn ;lxtsf] pQm xf]6nsf] ef8f ldgfxfsf] k|s[of z'? u/]sf x'g\ . nD;fn ;d'xs} of]hgf cg';f/ wd{zfnfb]lv cGo If]q;d]t x8Kg] of]hgf dGqL cfn]n] jgfpg' ePsf] dGqfnosf clwsf/Ln] atfPsf 5g . c?nfO{ g}ltstfsf] k|Zg p7fpFb} lhNnfsf ljleGg sfo{qmddf s'n{g] g]tf nD;fn *& nfvsf] ef8f sf08 kl5 df}g b]lvPsf 5g\ . k};f ltg{] eGbf klg gltg{] of]hgfdf /x]sf nD;fn lhNnfsf ;a} k|b]z ;f+;bx? dGqL x'Fbf klg cfkm' dGqL jgg gkfP kl5 g]t[Tj;Fu ?i6 5g\ .

*& nfv=========== ;dfhjfbLsf g]tf tyf afudtL k|b]zsf ;f+;b\;d]t /xg'ePsf nId0f nD;fn ;lxtsf AolQmx?n] ;~rfng u/]sf] k|f0fgfy Sofkm]n] ltg{ afFsL /sd ldgfxfsf nflu ko{6gdGqL k|]d cfn]n] k|s[of z'? u/]sf] /x:o aflxl/Psf] 5 . sf]ifsf cg';f/ ;f] Sofkm]n] kf}if d;fGt;Ddsf] *^ nfv *! xhf/ *& ?k}ofF ef8fafktsf] /sd a'emfpg afFsL 5 . ko{6gdGqL cfn] eg] Aoj;fo u/]/ sdfpg] cfˆgf] kf6L{sf ;f+;bnfO{ 5'6 u/fpg / kz'klt If]q lasfz sf]ifnfO{ 6f6 kN6fpg] of]hgfdf nfUg'ePsf] 5 . kz'klt If]q ljsf; sf]if;Fu ;f+;b\ nD;fn / s[i0fk|;fb l/hfn;lxtsf AolQmx?n] @)&@ ;fn ;fpg #@ ut] k|f0fgfy Sofkm] ;~rfngsf] ;Demf}tf u/]sf lyP . kz'klt If]q lasf; sf] i fsf] :jLs[ t u' ? of] h gf cGtu{ t

#

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w'lnv]ndf klxnf] k6s cfd;~rf/ ljw]os ^% j6f sfg"g lgdf{0f w'lnv]n÷w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] ;f]daf/ z'? u/]sf] bzf}+ ljw]os clwa]zgdf kfFrj6f ljw]os k]z ePsf 5g\ . cfO{taf/ ljw]os ;DaGwL ljifout ;ldltsf] 5nkmn ;lsPsf] lyof] . gu/kflnsf k|d'v k|zf;lso clws[t tf/fgfy n'O{6]nn] ;f]daf/af6 z'? x'g] bzf} clwa]zgdf ljw]ossf af/]df bkmfbf/ 5nkmn x'g]5 . gu/ ;efdf :yfgLo ;]jf law]os @)&*, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] ;+u7g tyf Aoj:yfkg ;e{]If0f k|ltj]bg @)&*, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] :yfgLo /fhkq k|sfzg ;DaGwL ljw]os @)&*, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] kz'k+IfL Aoj;fo k|j{4g ljw]os @)&* / w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] cfd;+rf/ ljw]os @)&* ljifout ;ldltdf 5nkmn eO{ kf; ePsf] 5 . :yfgLo ;/sf/x?n] cfd;+rf/ ljw]os tof/ u/]sf] lhNnfdf klxnf] xf] . g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf lgjt{dfg cWoIf uf]ljGb cfrfo{n] cfd;rf/ ljw]ossf] d:of}bf tof/ ug{' ePsf] lyof] . …;+ljwfg k|bQ ljrf/ / cleJolQm :jtGqtf Pj+ ;'r"lrt x'g kfpg] gful/s xsnfO{ ;'lgZrt ub}{ :jtGq, lgikIf / Jofj;flos ;~rf/ dfWodsf] lbuf] ljsf; / k|a{4g Pjd\ ;~rf/sdL{sf] :jtGqtfnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ afG5gLo ePsfn] w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf ;efn] g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] Wff/f @@^ -!_ adf]lhd w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf cfd;~rf/ P]g @)&* hf/L ug{] tof/L u/]sf] xf]Ú–w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf k|d'v czf]s Aof~h'n] eGg'eof]–…kqsl/tf If]qsf] ;+:yfut ljsf; / >dhLjL kqsf/sf] lxtsf nflu kqsf/ sNof0fsf/L sf]if :yfkgf / ;~rfng ug{, pQm sf]ifdfkm{t\ h]i7 kqsf/ ;Ddfgj[lQ, >dhLjL kqsf/ 5fqa[lt, tflnd, kqsf/ n]vgj[lQ tyf k'/:sf/ / kqsf/ ljdf ;~rfng ul/g] 5 .Ú gu/ k|d'v Aof~h'n] cfd;~rf/ ;+:yfdf

sfo{/t >dhLjL kqsf/, sfdbf/ / sd{rf/Lx¿ ;DjGwL cGo Joj:yf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 . w' l nv] n gu/kflnsfn] xfn;Dd ^% j6f eGbf w]/} lgodfjnL, sfo{ljlw tof/ u/L sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf] k|d'v k|zf;lso clws[t tf/fgfy n' O { 6 ] n n] hfgsf/L lbg' e of] . gu/sfo{kflnsf sfo{;Dkfbg lgodfjnL @)&$, gu/sfo{kflnsf sfo{ ljefhg lgodfjnL @)&$, gu/sfo{kflnsf a}7s ;~rfng ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw @)&$, gu/;ef ;~rfng ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw @)&$, cfwf/e"t tx sIff * sf] k/LIff Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw, @)&$, Goflos ;ldlt ;b:o lgjf{rg ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)&$, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] PkmPd /]l8of] -Joj:yfkg tyf ;~rfng_ sfo{ljlw, @)&$, :yfgLo /fhkq k|sfzg ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)&$, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] k|zf;sLo sfo{ljlw lgoldt ug]{ lgodfjnL, @)&$, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf ljBfno lzIff ;~rfng, Joj:yfkg tyf lgodg sfo{ljlw, @)&$, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] ahf/ cg'udg lgb]{lzsf @)&$, lehg k]k/ …3Ú ju{sf] lgdf{0f Joj;foL Ohfhtkq ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw @)&%, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf :yfgLo cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo tyf Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw, @)&%, ckf+utf ePsf] JolQmsf] kl/rokq ljt/0f sfo{ljlw @)&%, o'jf kl/ifb -u7g tyf ;~rfng_ sfo{ljlw, @)&%, dlxnf kl/ifb -u7g tyf ;~rfng_ sfo{ljlw, @)&%, blnt kl/ifb -u7g tyf ;~rfng_ sfo{ljlw, @)&%, ckfË kl/ifb -u7g tyf ;~rfng_ sfo{ljlw, @)&%, hghflt kl/ifb -u7g tyf ;~rfng_ sfo{ljlw, @)&%, afn ;+ / If0f gLlt tyf cfrf/;+ l xtf, @)&%, w' l nv] n gu/kflnsfsf] ;+:yf btf{ ;DalGw sfo{lalw, @)&%, afn ;+/If0f sfo{ljlw @)&%, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] s[ifs ;d"x u7g tyf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL

sfo{ljlw @)&%, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] cfktsflng Joj:yfkg sfo{;~rfng sfo{ljlw @)&%, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf sfo{ljlw @)&%, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] of]hgf th{"df sfof{Gjog sfo{ljlw @)&%, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] ;fj{ h lgs vl/b lgodfjnL @)&%, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] rf}aifL{o s[lif ljsf; /0fgLlts of]hgf @)&%, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] gu/ ljsf; of]hgf IUDP k|ltj]bg @)&%, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] sfo{ ljefhg lgodfjnL -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_ @)&^, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] rf8kj{ tyf hfqfk"hf Joj:yfkg lgodfjnL @)&^, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] ljBfno lzIff ;~rfng, Joj:yfkg tyf lgodg -k|yd ;+zf]wg_ sfo{ljlw @)&^, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] gu/ of]hgf kl/ifb\ u7g ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw @)&^, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] gd"gf ljBfno k|wfgfWofks 5gf}6 ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)&^, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] s/f/df sd{ r f/L Joj:yfkg ug]{ sfo{ljlw @)&^, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] :yfgLo lgdf{0f sfo{ljlw @)&^, :yfgLo kf7\oqmd lgdf{0f sfo{ljlw @)&^ sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf] 5 . gu/kflnsfsf k|zf;lso clws[t ufoqL/d0f l3ld/]sf cg';f/ w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] cNksflng ]

;'/lIft cf>o ;]jf s]G› Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw @)&^, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] ljkb /fxt ;DaGwL dfkb08 @)&^, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] lb;fhGo n]bf] Joj:yfkg gLlt @)&&, w' l nv] n gu/kflnsfsf] xf] d :6] ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw @)&&, pkef]Qmf ;ldlt u7g, kl/rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;DalGw sfo{ljlw, @)&&, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] of]hgf th{"df sfof{Gjog sfo{ljlw -;+zf]wg_ @)&&, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] afn ;+j]bgzLn cleefjs sIff ;~rfng sfo{ljlw @)&&, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] pkd] o /;+ u dlxnf sfo{qmd ;~rfng sfo{ljlw @)&&, w' l nv] n gu/kflnsfsf] ;+ l IfKt jftfj/0fLo cWoog tyf k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f sfo{ljlw @)&&, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] n}lËs lx+;f lgjf/0f sf]if ;~rfng sfo{ljlw @)&*, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] k|wfgfWofks lgo'lQm ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw @)&*, w' l nv] n gu/kflnsfsf] u' g f;f] Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw @)&*, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] hn;| f ] t pkof] u lgodfjnL @)&*, sf]le8 !( sf] dxfdf/Laf6 k|efljt clt lakGg kl/jf/nfO{ gub x:tfGt/0f ug]{ ;DalGw sfo{ l jlw @)&* sfof{ G jogdf cfO{;s]sf] 5 .

kmf}b] / lgnaxfb'/ kqmfp w'lnv]n÷lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]sn] cbfntaf6 s}b tyf hl/jfgf 7x/ eO{ km/f/ /x]sf o'jfnfO{ kqmfp u/]sf] 5 . df3 $ ut] ;fFem ljz]if k|x/L 6f]nLn] ;fljs rnfn u0f]z:yfg uf=lj=;= j8f g+= # xfn a]yfgrf]s ufFpkflnsf j8f g+= $ a:g] jif{ @% sf] kmf}b] eGg] kf]t] tfdfª / lgnaxfb'/ tfdfªnfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnO{ cbfntdf a'emfO{Psf] k|x/L k|jQmf l8P:kL xl/ vltj8fn] atfpg' eof] . @)^( sflt{ s * ut] sfe|]knf~rf]s rnfn u0f]z:yfg uf=lj=;= j8f g+= @ l:yt u0f]z lgDg dfWolds ljBfnosf] ;fF:s[lts sfo{qmddf cfPsf dflg;x?dWo] sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf Rofl;Ëvs{ uf=lj=;= j8f g+= )( sf dflg;x? / rnfn u0f]z:yfg uf=lj=;= j8f g+= )# sf dflg;x? lar emu8f x'Fbf emu8fsf] qmddf sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf Rofl;Ëvs{ uf=lj=;= j8f g+= )( a:g] jif{ !* sf] PGhn tfdfªnfO{ kmf}b] eGg] kf]t]

;/sf/L sfof{nodf ‘wdfwd’ ;]jf :ylut w'lnv]n÷sf]le8sf] t]>f] nx/ km}lnP;Fu} lhNnf l:yt ;/sf/L sfof{nox?n] wdfwd ;]jf :ylut ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . w]/} le8ef8 x'g] lhNnf k|zf;g, lhNnf cbfnt / dfnkf]t sfof{nosf] ;]jf :ylut ePsf] 5 . lhNnfdf b}lgs Ps ;o eGbf w]/} AolQmx?df ;+qmd0f b]lvPsf] / w]/} AolQmx? kl/If0fsf] bfo/fdf g} gcfPsfn] ;+qmd0fsf] b/ pRr /x]sf] eGb} hf]lvd w]/} ePsf] If]q / sfof{nox? aGb ul/Psf] xf] . …xfdLn] gful/snfO{ le8ef8df ghfg, ;r]t /xg / ;+qmd0f km}ng glbg cTofjZos sfddf afx]s glg:sg gful/sx?nfO{ cg'/f]w u/]sf 5f}+Ú–k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L x'dsnf kf08]n] eGg'eof]–…k|zf;g sfof{nodf b}lgs gful/stf, /fxbfgL / ;+3 ;+:yf gljs/0f tyf gofF btf{sf nflu cfpg] ;]jfu|flxsf sf/0f le8ef8 x'g] u/]sf] lyof] . le8 lgoGq0f u/L hf]lvd 36fpg ;]jf :ylutsf] lg0f{o ul/Psf] xf] .Ú lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]sn] df3 & ut] ;"rgf k|sfzg ub{} df3 !$ ut];Dd gofF gful/stf ljt/0f, k|ltlnlk gful/stf, ;+3

pBd ljsf;sf] !% cf+ } :yfkgf lbj; ;kmn Aoj;foL / h]i7 ;b:o ;Ddflgt

kgf}tL÷kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f g & df /x]sf] pBd ljsf; art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf lnld6]8n] !% cf}+ :yfkgf lbj; dgfPsf] 5 . :yfkgf lbj;sf] cj;/ kf/L pBd ljsf;n] u/]sf ultljlwx?sf] ;ldIff, cfufdL of]hgf tyf h]i7 gful/s / ;kmn Aoj;foLx?nfO{ ;Ddfg u/]sf] 5 . …;xsf/Ln] art / C0f nufgL dfq} ug{] x}g, nufgL ul/Psf] C0fsf] ;b'kof]u eof] ls ePg < C0faf6 AolQmn] Aoj;fonfO{ ;kmn agfof] ls agfPg < ;+:yfn] phf{ k|bfg ug{] u/L ;kmn Aoj;foLnfO{ ;Ddfg ug{] k/Dk/f z'? u/]sf 5f}+Ú–cWoIf /f]zgs'df/ >]i7n] eGg'eof]–…:yfkgf lbj;sf] cj;/ kf/]/ To:tf Aoj;foLx?nfO{ ;Ddfg u/]sf 5f}+ .Ú :yfkgf lbj;sf] cj;/ kf/]/ ;+:yfaf6 C0f lnO{ ;kmn x'g] Aoj;foLx? dWo] pTs[i6 s'v'/f, a§fO{ tyf kz'kfng ul//xg' ePsf lgns07 ;'4fsf/, rfpldg pTkfbg dfkm{t ;kmn aGg'ePsf nf]sgfy ltdlN;gf, au{/ xfp; ;~rfns, Jojl:yt awzfnf Joj;fo tyf ljleGg df;' k;n ub}{ cfpg' ePsL /hgL zfxL, l;nfO{ a'gfO{ Joj;fo ug{] l/tf ltdlN;gf / s'rf] Joj;fo ub}{ cfpg'ePsf dfgsfhL uf]n]nfO{ pTs[i6 Joj;fo ug{ ;kmn Joj;foLsf ?kdf ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . To:t} a'4 ;b:o ;Ddfgaf6 lx/fd+un ah|frfo{, ds/dfof

tfdfª ;d]tn] wfl/nf] xltof/ 5'/f, nf¶L d'Ssf k|xf/ u/L st{Jo u/]sf] d'2f btf{ ePsf] lyof] .

O{nfsf k|x/L sfof{no ag]kfaf6 d'2f btf{ u/L cfjZos cg';Gwfg kZrft cleof]u lhNnf cbfnt sfe|]knf~rf]sdf bfo/ ul/Psf] lyof] . @)&$ c;f/ !$ ut] cbfntsf] km};nfn] kmf}b] eGg] kf]t] tfdfªnfO{ @) jif{ s}b ;hfFo 7x/ ul/Psf] lyof] . pg} km/f/ /x]sf kmf}b] eGg] kf]t] tfdfªnfO{ k|x/Ln] kqmfp u/]sf] xf] . To:t} sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf ;fljs rnfn u0f]z:yfg uf=lj=;=j8f g+= # xfn a]yfgrf]s ufFpkflnsf j8f g+=$ a:g] jif{ ## sf] lgnaxfb'/ tfdfªnfO{ lhNnf eQmk'/ b'wkf6L l:yt :yfgLo ld7fO{ k;ndf cfˆgf] jf:tljs klxrfg n'sfO{ a;]sf lyP . >LdtL / afnaRrf ;d]t ;f]xL ld7fO{ k;ndf /fvL laut ( jif{ b]lv sfdsfh ub}{ cfO{/x]sf] eGg] ;"rgfsf] cfwf/df pgnfO{ kqmfp ul/Psf] k|x/Ln] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .

;+:yf ttf xftxltof/;DjGwL sfo{x?, gfafns kl/rokq, /fxbfgL, /fli6«o kl/rokqsf] ;]jf :ylut u/]sf] xf] . To; cufj} e'Dn' ufpFkflnsfn] ;]jf :ylut ul/;s]sf] lyof] eg] /f]zL ufpFkflnsfn] ;]jf v'DRofPsf] lyof] . gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsfn] klg ;]jf :ylutsf] ;"rgf k|sfzg u/]sf] 5 . l h N n f c b f n t sfe|]knf~rf]sn] df3 & ut]sf] k"0f{ a}7saf6 df3 ( ut] b]lv @) ut];Dd ;]jf :yug ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . cTofjZos ;]jf afx]s cbfntn] ;a} k|s[ltsf d'2fx?df cfb]z adf]lhd x'g] askqsf sfo{x? / d''n'sL b]jfgL sfo{ljlw ;+lxtf, @)&$ sf] bkmf !@# gDj/ adf]lhd ul/g] aofg sfo{x? :ylut ul/Psf] lhNnf cbfnt sfe|]knf~rf]ssf >]:t]bf/ uf]ljGbk|;fb l3ld/]n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]sn] df3 !) ut] ;f]daf/ b]lv df3 !$ ut] z'qmaf/;DdnfO{ ;]jf :yug u/]sf] 5 . cfO{taf/ ;'rgf k|sfzg ub{} dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]n] pQm lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] . lhNnfdf zlgaf/ ;fF e m;Dd ;lqmo ;+qmldtsf] ;+Vof !! ;o (( k'u]sf] lyof] .

To:t} w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfn] klg cfˆgf] ;]jf :ylut u/]sf] 5 .

>]i7, s[i0faxfb'/ sfsL{, sfG5L yfkf / 6]saxfb'/ ltdlN;gfnfO{ ;Ddfgkq, gub tyf ljleGg :jf:Yo ;fdu|L, kf]lifnf] vfg]s'/f ;lxt ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . !% cf}+ :yfkgf lbj;sf] cj;/df ;+:yfdf z]o/ ;b:o /x]sf h]i7 gful/s / Joj;fodf ;kmn /x]sfnfO{ ;Ddfgkq, gub / bf];Nnf cf]9fP/ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . :yfkgf lbj;s} cj;/df ;+:yfsf ;+:yfks sf]iffWoIf, g]ˆ:s"gsf lgj{tdfg l;O{cf] lzjhL ;fksf]6fn] ;xsf/Lx?sf] dfgj >f]t Joj:yfkg laifodf cd]l/sfsf] ljZjljBfnoaf6 ljBfjfl/wL u/]sf]df ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . ;DdfgLt JolQmx?nfO{ kgf}tL gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v eLd Gof}kfg], ;+:yfsf cWoIf /f]zg >]i7n] ;Ddfg kq ;lxt ;Ddfg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf gu/k|d'v Gof}kfg]n] kgf}tL gu/leq /x]sf ;xsf/LnfO{ ljlw, lgod / ;'zf;gdf ;~rfngsf nflu gu/n] lgodg ul//x]sf] atfpg'eof] . g]k\m:s"gsf lgj{tdfg l;Ocf] lzjhL ;fksf]6fn] kgf}tL gu/kflnsf;Fu cg'dlt glnO hyfefjL ;xsf/L v'Ng yfn]sf]df lrGtf JoQm ug'{x'Fb} gu/kflnsfn] To;sf] cg'udg / lgodg a9fpg'kg{]df hf]8lbg'eof] . ;+:yfsf cWoIf /f]zg >]i7n] kgf}tL If]qdf :yfkgf ePsf ;xsf/Lsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu kgf}tL ;xsf/L ;+3 :yfkgf ug{ nfluPsf] atfpg'eof] .

åGåsf 3fO{t] / ckf·nfO{ lgj]bg lbg cfAxfg

OGb|]Zj/ SofDk; lhp“bf] nf]sn df5f ca sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfsf] d08g b]pk'/ g=kf= j8f g+= & s'Gtf a];Ldf nfdf] ;do b]lv df5fkfng Joj;fo ;+rfng ub{} cfPsf] nf]sn df5f s'Gtfa]zLaf6 ljqmL ub{} cfPsf]df u|fxsju{sf] dfunfO{ Wofgdf /fvL nf]sn lhpFbf] df5f æxfd|f] df5f 3/Æ ag]kf g=kf= j8f g+= !), hgfufnaf6 @)&* d+l;/ !% ut]b]lv yf]s tyf v'b|f ljqmL e}/x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}+ .

;Dks{

s[lif kmfd{ s'Gtf, kmf]g g+= )!!–$!@!$(

ljqmL s]Gb| M ag]kf hgfufn kmf]g g+= )!!–^^%$$&

jlwsf ;Lldt c)Ü 5'6 nflu !

kgf}tL–&, sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

w' l nv] n ÷;z:q åGåsf qmddf 3fO{t] eO{ ckfËtf ePsf AolQmx?sf] ckfËtf k|ltzt lgwf{/0f tyf k'g/fjnf]sg -k|yd ;+zf]wg_ sfo{ljlw, @)&$ adf]lhd sfo{bndf gfd ePsf t/ xfn;Dd 3fO{t] ckfËtf k|ltzt lgwf{/0f gePsf AolQmx?nfO{ ;"lrs[tsf nflu cfjZos k|s[of k'¥ofP/ lgj]bg cfAxfg

ul/Psf] 5 .

o;cl3 ljleGg ldltdf 3fOt{] tyf ckfËx?n] lhNnf kz | f;g sfofn { o dfkmt{ cgb'fg lnb+} cfPsf 5g\ . ;z:q åGåsf qmddf 3fOt{] eO{ ckfËtf ePsf AolQmx?sf] ckfËtf kl|tztsf cfwf/df tLg dlxgf leq sfob{ndf ;dfjz ] ePsf] kd|f0f ;lxt cfjb]g lbg cfAxfg ul/Psf] 5 .

kgf}tL gu/sf] d'6'df cjl:yt u'0f:t/Lo lzIff k|bfg ug]{ klxnf] Pltxfl;s o; OGb|]Zj/ SofDk;df z}lIfs ;q @)&*÷&( sf] nflu :gfts tx k|yd jif{df

>L sd{rf/L art tyf C0f ;xsf/L

goF“ egf{ v'Nof]

!# cf}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DaGwL ;"rgf

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;~rflnt sfo{qmd

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>L sd{rf/L art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= sf] ldlt @)&*.(.!& ut] a;]sf] ;+rfns ;ldtLsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{o cg';f/ tkl;nsf] ldlt, :yfg, ;dodf ;+:yfsf] t]x|f}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef a:g] lg0f{o ePsf]n] pQm lbg lgwf{l/t ;dodf oxfFsf] clgjfo{ pkl:yltsf nflu xflb{s cg'/f]w ul/G5 . tkl;n ldtLM@)&*÷!)÷@# b]lv @* ut];Dd ;do M sfof{no ;dodf :yfg M ;+:yfsf] sfof{no

/Tgaxfb'/ clwsf/L ;lrj

gf]6 M ;fwf/0f ;efdf 7Ls ;dodf pkl:yt x'g] z]o/ ;b:onfO{ kl/jxg vr{sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

$

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

jif{ @* c+s !$ @)&* df3 !# ut] ljxLjf/

Tof] c5't sf]/f]gf======

sd{rf/L cfjZostf >L ;]tLb]jL gf/L r]tgf ;Lkd"ns ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= w'lnv]n–$, @* lsnf]sf] nflu b]xfoadf]lhdsf] sd{rf/Lx? cfjZos ePsf] x"Fbf OR5's of]Uotf k'u]sf gful/sx?n] ;"rgf k|sflzt ldltn] ! xKtfleq b/vf:t lbg'x'g cg'/f]w ul/G5 . !_ kbM Sofl;o/±ahf/ Joj:yfkg ;+Vof M ! z}lIfs of]Uotf M jfl0fHo zf:qdf +2 plQ0f{ ul/ sDKo'6/df ljz]if bVvn ePsf] . pd]/ M !* jif{ k'u]sf] / #% jif{ ggf3]sf] gful/stf M g]kfnL 5gf}6 k|ls|of M lnlvt / cGtjf{tf{ b/vf:t b:t'/ M %)).– kfl/>lds M ;+:yfsf] lgodfg';f/ k]z ug'kg]{ sfuhftx? M != gful/stfsf] k|ltlnlk @= xfn;fn} lvlrPsf] kmf]6f] #= lgj]bg $= z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk %= sfo{cg'ejsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk ^= JolQmut ljj/0f -afof]8f6f_ ;Dks{

df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf @)&& sflt{s !( ut] klxnf] ;+qmd0f @)&* df3 ^ ut] bf]>f] ;+qmd0f sf]/f]gf efO{/; . Tof] c5't sf]/f]gf clxn] ;xh ePsf] 5 . ;a}sf 3/ 3/df, efG;f efG;fdf, 6f]n / ;d'bfo x'Fb} l;Ëf] j8f, kflnsf, lhNnf x'Fb} /fi6«e/ km}lnPsf] 5 . km/s olt 5 Tolta]nf sf]/f]gf nfu]s} sf/0f ul/g] c5't Aojxf/ of] k6s 5}g . ePg / ca x'Fb}g klg . hf] klxnf], bf]>f] / t]>f] r/0fsf] ;+qmd0fdf ;d]t ;+qmldt ePsf] p;sf km/s km/s cg'e'lt x'g ;S5g t/ ;+qmd0f g} gePsf AolQmx?sf nflu klg of] k6s cf]ldqmf]gsf] ;qmd0fsf] l56f eg] nflu;s]sf] x'g'k5{ . 5}g eg] cjZo nfUg]5 . ljutdf Pp6fnfO{ ;+qmd0f eP kl5 cfkm' dfq} ;+qmldt eP/ c?nfO{ arfpg]

>L ;]tLb]jL gf/L r]tgf ;Lkd"ns ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= w'lnv]n–$, @* lsnf], kmf]g g+= )!!–$!%)#*, (*$!%@%&*#

gful/sx?nfO{ cfjZos kg{] l;6fdf]n / /f;folgs dn kfpg ;lsPg . Tolta]nf 3/ leqsf] PsfGtaf; clxn] v'Nnf ePsf] 5 .

Tolta]nf sf]/f]gf eof] eGg] ljlQSs} ;dfhdf, 6f]ndf clg ;d'bfodf of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf AolQmx?nfO{ t ;d'bfosf AolQmx?n] ug{] Aojxf/ lgr lyof] . 3/ cl3sf] af6f]df ;d]t 5]p 5]p nfUg], kmf]g ubf{ ;d]t efO{/; ;5{ h:t} ug{] < cem glhssf AolQmx? g} sf]/f]gf ;5{ eg]/ cg'xf/ ;d]t gx]g{] k|j[lQn] AolQmsf] dgf]an prf] xf]O{g lg/fzf k}bf ul//x]sf] lyof] . kfFrvfndf >LdfgnfO{ sf]/f]gf ePsf] l/kf]6{ unt lbPsf sf/0f >LdtL / kl/jf/n] 3/df ePsf] ufO{ ;lxt cfO{;f]n];gdf NofP/ a:g' k/]sf] lyof] . gu/kflnsfn] ufO{nfO{ 3fF; sf6\g] AolQm lgo'lQm u/]sf] lyof] . ;+qmd0f gePsf] t/ ;+qmldt AolQmsf] glhs k'u]sf] cfz+sfdf ufO{sf] b'w s;}n] vfPgg\ . Tolta]nf sf]/f]gf x'g' eg]sf] 7'nf] ck/fw xf] eG7fGg]x? cfh k6s k6s ;+qmldt eO{;s]sf 5g\ . ljZjAofkL sf]/f]gfn] ;+s6 lgDTofPsf] 5 . klxnf] / bf]>f] r/0fsf] ;+qmd0f eGbf t]>f] r/0fsf] ;+qmd0f rfF8f]

>L ;'Gb/ ;"of{]bo k|fylds ljBfno kfFrvfn g=kf=–*, lr;fkfgL, sfe]|knf~rf]s

lzIfs cfjZostf k|ydk6s ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)&*.!).!@

o; ljBfnodf l/Qm k|f=lz= b/aGbLsf] sf]6f ! df b/aGbL s/f/ ;]jfdf cWofkg u/fpgsf] nflu ! hgf lzIfs cfjZos k/]sf]n] tkl;n cg';f/ of]Uotf k'u]sf OR5's g]kfnL gful/sx?af6 tf]lsPsf] ldltleq l/tk"j{ssf] b/vf:t cfJxfg ul/G5 . tkl;n lj1fkg g+= !, )&*.)&( kb M lzIfs ;+Vof M ! hgf tx M k|f=lz= t[tLo -s/f/_ ljifo M ;a} of]Uotf M lzIff ljifo lnO{ !)±@ pQL0f{ u/]sf] tna :s]n M g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s] adf]lhd pd]/ M !* jif{ k"/f eO{ $) jif{ ggf3]sf] k/LIff b:t'/ M ?= %))÷– 5gf}6 k|lqmof M lnlvt / cGt/jftf{ b/vf:t lbg] ldlt M @)&*.!).!@ b]lv @)&*.!).@^ ut];Dd ljBfn vf]lnPsf] ;dodf, ldlt @)&*.!).!@ b]lv )&*.!).!* ;Dd s/f/df ;'rLs[tx?sf nflu_ ;Dks{ ldlt M @)&*.!).@& k/LIff ldlt / k/LIff s]Gb| M ;Dks{ ldltsf lbg tf]lsg] 5 . lgj]bg lbg] :yfg M >L ;"Gb/ ;"of{]bo k|f=lj=, kfFrvfn–* cfjZos sfuhkq != x:tlnlvt lgj]bg @= g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|ltlnlk #= z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk $= :yfoL cWofkg cg'dlt kqsf] k|ltlnlk %= lg/f]lutfsf] k|df0fkq ^= of]Uotf;DaGwL sfuhftx? &= sDKo'6/;DaGwL 1fg x'g]nfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf lbOg]5 . b]js'df/ tfdfª -k|=c=_ ;Dks{ g+= (&$!*#!%$$, (*$(@&@@$(

ljut @& jif{b]lv

c5't sf]/f]gfn] lgDTofPsf ;+s6, ef]u]sf] kL8f of] sf]/f]gfdf Aoxf]g{' k/]g . c:ktfn hfFbf :jf:YosdL{ / lj/fdLx?sf] lrTsf/, ;8sdf gful/sx?sf] lrTsf/ of] dxfdf/Ldf dfq} xf]O{g o:tf s'g} klg dxfdf/Ldf ;'Gg gk/f]; . gful/sx?sf] /Iffy{ /fhgLlts bn / ;/sf/ u}X lhDd]jf/ x'g ldN5 / <

Quality Assurance and Accrediation (QAA) Cycle k'/f ug{ ;kmn

t]hu+uf ax'd'vL SoFDk; kgf}tL, sfe|]knf~rf]s pRr lzIffsf] If]qdf cu|0fL :yfg cf]u6\g ;kmn kgf}tL–*, l:yt t]hu+uf ax'd'vL SofDk;df z}lIfs ;q @)&*÷)&( sf] nflu :gfts tx k|yd jif{df

egf{ v'Nof] ;+rflnt sfo{qmd

B.B.S.

4 Years - English & Nepali Medium

B.Ed.

4 Years - English, Nepali, Maths Population

B.A.

4 Years - Sociology & Rural Development

sIff ;+rfng M @)&* kf}if !! af6

kmf]g g+= )!!–$$))@*, $$!$&&, (*$!#))*)*,

;fwf/0f ;ef sfo{qmd

xflb{s >4f~hnL hGd @)@!.^.!&

d[To' @)&*.!).(

:j= d~h' ltdlN;gf o; u0f]z rf]s k/f]ksf/ ;d"xsf ;b:o s[i0fk|;fb ltdlN;gfsf] wd{kTgL d~h' ltdlN;gffsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

7fs'/ ahufO{ cWoIf Pj+

u0f]zrf]s k/f]ksf/ ;d"x kl/jf/, ag]kf, sfe|]

xflb{s >4f~hnL hGd @)#$.@.%

d[To' @)&*.!).&

:j= ;Gtf]ifrGb| yfkf o; ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=sf z]o/ ;b:o ;Gtf]ifrGb| yfkfsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

cWoIf Pj+

sd{rf/L art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kl/jf/ w'lnv]n–&, sfe|]

eGg] of] k6ssf] ;+qmd0fdf sd} b]lvG5 . nIf0f geP klg kl/If0f ubf{ kf]h]l6e b]lvPsf, nIf0f eP/ klg kl/If0f gul/Psf y'k|} pbfx/0f 5g\ .

Tolta]nf ;/sf/ rgfvf] lyof] . ;j{;fwf/0f ql;t lyP . clxn] ;/sf/ ;'t]sf] 5 gful/s rgfvf] 5g\ . sf]le8sf] kl/If0f lgz' N s lyof] . clxn] ;j{;fwf/0fsf] kx'Fr lgz'Nsdf 5}g .

PlG6h]g kl/If0f ;j{;'ne 5}g . :yfgLo, k|b]z / ;+3 ;/sf/n] ;d]t klxnf] / bf]>f] r/0fdf h:tf] ;lqmotf b]vfPsf 5}gg . h]gt]g sfd t z'? u/]sf 5g\ t/ lj/fdL eO{xfNof] eg] vj/ ug{'; x} eGb} 6fg{] u/]sf 5g\ . kflnsfx?df ul7t l;cfO{l;6L l6dn] ;Dej eP;Dd ;"rgf lng] u/]sf] 5 . AolQm hlt ;+qmldt eP klg d[To' b/ gePsfn] ;+qmd0faf6 sf]lx 8/fPsf] 5}g . 8/fpg] cj:yf klg 5}g .

8/fP/ cy{ klg 5}g . t/ 3/ 3/df, AolQm AolQm :jod\ sf]/f]gfsf] 8fS6/ eg] ag]sf] 5 . cfkm'nfO{ kf]h]l6e cfPsf] xf];\ jf gxf];\ p;n] c?nfO{ lbg] clt{ Ps k]hsf] x'G5 cfkm} eg] sfof{Gjog ub{}g . kmsf{} ljifo tkm{ . @)&& sflt{s !( ut] klxnf] ;+qmd0f . s]lx lbg cl3 lhNnfsf cu|h kqsf/ lji0f' rf}nfufO{nfO{ sf]/f]gfs} sf/0f u'dfpg k'u]sf lyof}+ . Tolx ;]/f]km]/f]df d cfkm} ;+qmldt ePF . lhNnfsf bh{g eGbf w]/} kqsf/ ;fyLx? ;+qmldt lyP . ;+qmldt kqsf/x?sf] :jf:Yo ;xhtfsf nflu sf]/f]gf ljdf kqsf/ dxf;+3n] u/]sf] lyof] . s]lx ;flyx?sf] afx]s clwsf+zsf] sf]/f]gf ljdf afktsf] /sd cem} e'QmfgL x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;/sf/n] cy{dGqfno dfkm{t gful/sx?sf] aLdf afktsf] /sd e'QmfgL olt nfdf] ;do;Dd ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . lgot g} ;/sf/sf] v/fj ePsfn] tTsflng ;/sf/n] gful/sx? k|lt u/]sf hgklIfo lg0f{onfO{ sfof{Gjog u/fpg cfn6fn ul//x]sf] 5 . dxf;+3 dfkm{t kqsf/ / sd{ r f/Lx?;F u } ldl8of ;+rfnsx?nfO{ ;d]t /fxt / :jf:Yo ;fdfu|L pknAw u/fO{Psf] lyof] . lkmN8df x'Fbf xf]; jf gxf]; gful/sx?sf] hLjg /Iff klxnf] zt{ lyof] . clxn] g t dxf;+3n] aLdf afktsf] /sd e'QmfgL gx'Fbf s]Gb|Lo :t/af6 kxn u/]sf] b]lvof] g ;+rf/sdL{x? lj/fdL x'Fbf lgoldt ;Dks{df /x\of] . /fhwfgLdf pkrf/ gkfP/ kqsf/n] d[To'j/0f ul//xFbf lhNnfdf sf] sf] ;+rf/sdL{x? ;+qmldt 5g\ eGg] ;"rgf ;d]t dxf;+3n] ;+:yfut ?kdf lng grfx]sf] cg'elt eof] . ;/sf/n] gful/sx?sf] aLdf afktsf] dfq} xf]O{g e'sDksf a]nf lgdf{0f ul/Psf 3/x?sf] bf]>f] / t]>f] ls:tf ;d]t /f]s]sf] 5 . ljBfnox?sf] k'g{lgdf{0f ul/Psf] /sd /f]s]sf] 5 . /f;folgs dn cefj x'Fbf rf;f] /fv]sf] 5}g . gful/sx? eGg yfn]sf 5g\ a? tLg txs} ;/sf/sf k|ltlglwx? au|]NtL rf]sdf e]l6g yfn] 3/

km}ng] t/ sd Iflt k'¥ofpg] vfnsf] /x]5 . ;+qmd0f eP kl5 AolQmnfO{ x'g] cfnZotf, ;fdfGo Hj/f], Hj/f]sf sf/0f x'g] b'vfO{, 3fF6L b'Vg], vf]sL nfUg], gfs aGb x'g] ;fdfGo nIf0f /x]5g\ . ;'u/, k|];/, bd, SofG;/ tyf cGo bL3{/f]u x'g] AolQmx?nfO{ clS;hgsf] dfqf sd x'g] ;Defjgf /x]5 . lgoldt lrlsT;s;Fusf] k/fdz{df tftf] kfgL vfg] / jfkm lng], l;6fdf]nsf] k|of]u ug{], 3/fo;L vfg]s'/fdf hf]8 lbg] ug{ ;lsof] eg] tLg lbg kl5 clns cf/fd x'g] /x]5 . Hj/f] 36] kl5 lhp b'Vg sd x'G5 . tftf] kfgLsf] afkm lnFbf aGb ePsf] gfs v'Ng k'U5 . uf/lun ug{ ;lsof] eg] 3fF6L klg v'N5 . bf]>f] r/0fsf] h:tf] efO{/; kmf]S;f]df ghfg] ePsfn] hf]lvd sd elgPsf] xf] ls < bf]>f] r/0fdf clS;hg sd x'g], kmf]S;f]df cfqmd0f x'Fbf lgdf]lgof x'g] / AolQmsf] lgwg x'g] u/]sf] lyof] . of] k6s efO{/; PshgfnfO{ eP kl5 w]/}nfO{ km}ng ;Sg] t/ sdhf]/ ePsfn] rfF8} lgsf] x'g] u/]sf] kfO{of] . clxn] lrg]hfg]sf dfq} xf]O{g clwsf+z gful/sx? sf]/f]gf efO{/;sf sf/0f ;+qmldt 5g\ . ahf/df l;6fdf]n 5}g . l;6fdf]n lsGg hfFbf 5}g eGg] hjfkm ;ftf b]lv ;'lgb} 5 . ;/sf/ ukm xflsF/x]sf] 5 . ;a} l7s 5 . c:ktfndf a]8 el/Psf 5}gg . a]8 cfjZos k/]sf] 5}g . ;+qmd0fsf] u|fkmn] c:ktfn cfjZos k/]sf] eP clxn] s:tf] ;+s6 lglDtg k'UYof] xf]nf < ;xh sf]/f]gfdf cl;ldt ;+qmldt x'Fbf l;6fdf]n t Aoj:yfkg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g eg] c:ktfn / z}of cfjZos x'Fbf ;/sf/ s] uNYof{} xf]nf < gful/sx? cfkm} ;r]t x'g', cfˆgf] nflu cfkm} Aoj:yfkg ug{' afx]s c? s'g} cfz 5}g . Tof] c5't sf]/f]gfn] lgDTofPsf ;+s6, ef]u]sf] kL8f of] sf]/f]gfdf Aoxf]g{' k/]g . c:ktfn hfFbf :jf:YosdL{ / lj/fdLx?sf] lrTsf/, ;8sdf gful/sx?sf] lrTsf/ of] dxfdf/Ldf dfq} xf]O{g o:tf s'g} klg dxfdf/Ldf ;'Gg gk/f]; . gful/sx?sf] /Iffy{ /fhgLlts bn / ;/sf/ u}X lhDd]jf/ x'g ldN5 / < @)&* df3 ^ ut] bf]>f] ;+qmd0f . ;xsdL{x?;Fu sfo{If]qdf /xFbf /xFb} c;xh cg'e'lt eof] . …km]NshgÚ ljxfg a]n'sf vfP/ lhDd]jf/L k'/f ug{] k|oTg ul/of] . cl3Nnf] /ftaf6} z'? ePsf] lhp b'Vg] / !)) l8u|L Hj/f] cfpg] qmd g/f]lsP kl5 k|fb]lzs Nofj w'lnv]ndf k'u]/ lkl;cf/ u/]+ . kl/If0f gub{} yfxf lyof] kf]h]l6e cfpF5 . k|ljlwn] P;PdP;;Fu} cgnfO{g l/kf]6{ k|fKt eof] . klxnf] r/0fdf ;+qmd0f x'Fbfsf] l;6L Eofn' eGbf w]/} sd lyof] . To;sf] s'g} k/jfx of] k6s ePg . df3 ( ut]af6 :jf:Yo ;fdfGo cj:yf tkm{ pGd'v eof] . klxn] h:tf] ;fdflhs ;~hfndf g/flvPsf sf/0f tgfj em]Ng' k/]g . ;+qmd0f eP/ klg 3/df ;qmldt h:tf] u/L a:g' k/]g . lg/Gt/ ;"rgf kfpg] cfkmGt / ;flyx?sf] pT;fx / pd+u lg/Gt/ /x\of] . sdhf]/ efO{/;, pRr dgf]an / klxnf] cg'ejsf sf/0f klg of] k6ssf] efO{/; d eGbf alnof] aGg ;s]g . ž

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***

bz jif{sL r'na'n] 5f]/LsL cfdf x'F . d;Fu 5f]/L 5 eGg kfpFbf dnfO{ lgs} uj{ dx;'; x'G5 . 5f]/L hGdfP/ cfh;Dd d}n] s'g} Ps kn klg kZrftfk ug{'k/]sf] 5}g . ha cfdf aGb} u/]sf] ;"rgf kfPsL lyPF 5f]/Lsf] sNkgfn] lgs} v'zL 5fPsf] lyof] dgdf . cem egf} 5f]/L d]/f] lhGbuLsf] ;f/, lhDd]jf/Lsf] af6f] / v';Lsf] sf/0f klg xf] . p;n] dnfO{ x/kn x;fO/xG5] . v';Lsf km"n 5l//xG5] 3/df . ;fob dnfO{ h:t} x'Fbf] xf] x/]s 5f]/Lsf cfdfnfO{ . 5f]/L hGdfPsf k|To]s cfdfsf] cg'xf/df cfTd;Gt'li6sf] /f}gs b]Vg] u5{' d . x'g t 5f]/L kfP/ uj{ dxz'; ug]{ ;dfh alg;s]sf] 5}g tkfOFsf] b]zdf . c+z / j+z wfGgsf] nflu 5f]/f g} rflxG5 eg]/ x/]s 3/3/df bafa lbg] ul/G5 . ue{df 5f]/L /x]sf] yfxf kfpgf ;fy ue{ kmfNgsf] nflu afWo kfl/G5g\ cfdfx? . 5f]/fs} cfzdf w]/} 5f]/L hGdfpg ljjz 5g\ dlxnfx? .

5f]/fnfO{ a9L dxTj lbg] ;fdflhs kl/j]z ;Fu;Fu} xfdLn] dfGb} cfPsf] ;+ljwfg tyf sfg'gdf klg c;dfg clwsf/ n]lvPsf] 5 . xfdLn] lgdf{0f u/]sf] sfgdf k}t[s ;DklQ / gful/stfsf] ljifodf 5f]/fnfO{ h:t} ;dfg clwsf/ lbg ;s]sf 5}gf}+ . sIff !@ df k9\g] pgL sn]haf6 kms{bf kms{Fb} af6f]d} ck/fwLsf] lzsf/ aGg k'lug\ . b'O{ dlxgfcl3 >Ldfg u'dfPsL efu/yLsf] cfdfnfO{ ;Dem]/ olta]nf d a]nfa]nf eSsflgG5' . d}n] h:t} dfof u/]/ x'sf{PsL Kof/L 5f]/LnfO{ Tof] xfntdf b]Vbf pgL s;/L ;DxflnPsL

xf]lng\ < sfg'gn] klg lnlvt ?kd} lje]bdf kf/]sf] 5 xfdL 5f]/LnfO{ . a]nfa]nfdf dlxnfsf d'2fnfO{ PghLcf]sf] 6\ofp 6\ofp dfq} xf] eg]/ kG5fOlbg] u/]sf va/ ;'lgPs} 5 . tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL s]kL zdf{ cf]nLnfO{ dfgj;]jf cf>dn] u/]sf] Ps sfo{qmdsf] lznlznfdf glhsaf6 ;'Gg] df}sf kfPsL lyPF . dnfO{ /fd|f];Fu ofb 5 Tof]a]nf tkfOFn] afWotfn] ;8sdf a:g afWo ePsf dfgjk|lt lgs} s?0ffsf zAb vr{g' ePsf] lyof] . tkfOFn] eGg'ePsf] lyof] d]/f cfˆg} ;Gtfg t 5}gg\ . ;Gtfgsf] dfof s:tf] x'G5 yfxf 5}g . d]/f cfˆg} ;Gtfg ePsf] eP klg pgLx?sf] eGbf a9L dfof d ;8sdf a:g] dflg;nfO{ uy]{F xf]nf .Ú cfˆgf b] z sf a] ; xf/f gful/sdfly tkfOFn] b]vfpg'ePsf] Tof] ;bf;otf ;'g]/ v';Ln] k'nlst ePsL lyPF . nfu]sf] lyof] tkfOFn] g]t[Tj u/]sf] b]zdf d]/f] 5f]/L lgl:kmqmL afFRg kfp5] . s'gf sGb/f PSn} 8'Ng kfp5] . d]/f] 5f]/L hxfF /x] klg ;'/lIft x'g]5 . t/, d}n] u/]sf] of] ljZjf;n] wf]sf vfof] . kl5Nnf] b'O{ jif{df aflnsf anfTsf/ tyf xTofsf] 36gfsf] ;+Vof psfnf] u|fkmdf plSn/x]sf] 5 . tkfO{ k|wfgdGqLaf6 5fl8/xFbf klg of] qmd /f]lsPg . d csf{] e|ddf lyPF ;fob s]kL zdf{ cf]nLsf] g]t[Tj x'Fbf dfq} To:tf] xf] ls < To:tf] xf]O{g /x]5 . u7aGwgsf] ;/sf/n] klg cflv/ Tolx ul//x]sf] /x]5 . h'g hf]uL cfP klg sfg} lr/]sf] eGg] g]kfnL pvfg rl/tfy{ eO{/x]sf] 5 . a n f T s f / k l 5 xTof u/]/ h+undf kmflnPsL a}t8L bf]u8fs]bf/–& r8]kfgLsL !& jifL{of o'jtL efu/yL e§sf] xTof/f nfdf] ;do kqmfp k/]gg\ . u[xdGqL / k|x/L clwsf/L :jo+n] xTof/fnfO{ ;hfoF lbG5f} eg]/ efif0f ul//xFbf ck/fwL kqmfp nfdf] ;do nfu]sf] lyof] . sIff !@ df k9\g] pgL sn]haf6 kms{bf kms{Fb} af6f]d} ck/fwLsf] lzsf/ aGg k'lug\ . b'O{ dlxgf cl3 >Ldfg u'dfPsL efu/yLsf] cfdfnfO{ ;Dem]/ olta]nf d a]nfa]nf eSsflgG5' . d}n] h:t} dfof u/]/ x'sf{PsL Kof/L 5f]/LnfO{ Tof] xfntdf b]Vbf pgL s;/L ;DxflnPsL xf]lng\ < efu/yLsf] nfzsf] kmf]]6f] x]b}{ ubf{ d}n] ToxfF d]/f] cfˆg} 5f]/L, a}gL / :jd+ d]/f] c;'/lIft eljio b]lv/x]sL 5' . ql;t ag]sL 5' . dnfO{ 5f]/L hGdfPsf] eP/ kZrftfk nfUg yfn]sf] 5 . st} d}n] d]/f] 5f]/LnfO{ ;'/lIft lhGbuL lbg g;Sg] t x}g < lgd{nf kGt, c+u'/f kf;L, k'hf ofbj, ;/:jtL xl/hg, ?dtL bf;, ;Demgf ljs h:t} tdfd aflnsfsf] eL8df d]/f] 5f]/Lsf] gfd klg kg]{ t xf]Og . p;sf] ;'gf}nf ;kgf

o;} u/L lgdf]l7g] t xf]Ogg < ha–ha aflnsf anfTsf/ / xTof lx+;fsf] 36gf ;'G5' d'6' yy{/fpg] u5{ d]/f] . laxfg p7\gf;fy ;fdflhs ;~hfn :qmf]n ug{ 8/ nfU5 . km]l/ csf]{ aflnsf dfl/Psf] 36gf ;'Gg gk/f];\ eg]/ dgdg} k|fy{gf ul//xG5' . laxfg u]6}df cfOk'Ug] klqsfsf] x]8nfOg x]g{ 8/ nfU5 . ;f]R5', …st} s'g} aflnsf anfTsf/ clg xTof ePsf] ;dfrf/ / tl:a/ k|sflzt t ePsf] 5}g < ul/aLs} sf/0fn] s'g} dlxnfn] 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ gbLdf ws]n]/ cfTdxTof u/]sf] va/ t 5}g < jf g;fn' kbfy{ v'jfP/ /fte/ ;fd"lxs anfTsf/kl5 ;8sdf cr]t agfP/ kmflnPsL aflnsfsf] ;dfrf/ kf] 5 sL < dnfO{ o:tf ;"rgf, va/ / 36gf ;'Gg} dg nfUb}g . x]g}{ dg nfUb}g . t/ d ljjz 5' tkfOFsf] /fHodf . xfdLn] olt 7"nf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{g uof}{+ . b]zdf /f0ffzf;g, k~rfotsf] cGTo ub}{ ax'bn / nf]stGq x'Fb} u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf;d]t uof}{+ . clxn] tkfO{ ;+3Lo u0ftflGqs d'n'ssf] k|d'v x'g'x'G5 . w]/} s'/fdf cu|ufdL 5nfª df/]sf xfdLn] cfˆg} ;dfhnfO{ eg] kl/:s[t agfpg ;s]gf} . s] xfdLn] cfk/flws k|j[lt ldl;Psf] ;dfhsf] kl/sNkgf u/]sf lyof} t < x}g eg] lsg aflnsf anfTsf/sf 36\gfx? a9\b}5g\ < lsg /f]lsGg h3Go ck/fw . ;f]Rbf klg sxfnL nfu]/ cfpF5, hGdlbg] afa'n] cfˆg} 5f]/LnfO{ uf]nL xfg]/ lsg df5{ < x's{b} u/]sf xfd|f 5f]/Ldfly l5d]sL c+snsf] unt gh/ lsg k5{ < s'g lxDdtn] p7fpF5 ck/fwLn] o:tf] s's{dsf] af6f] < cem anfTsf/ ePsf] k|df0f dfUg] tkfOFsf] sfg'gn] xfdLnfO{ Gofo lbG5 eg]/ s;/L ljZjf; ug]{ < s] hGdbf Ps yfg of]gL lnP/ cfPs} e/df xfdL dlxnfx? cfhGd c;'/lIft e}/xg'kg]{ xf] < h;n] hxfF e]6\of], dgnfUbL ug{, cr]t agfP/ kmfNg, xTof ug{sf] nflu s;/L pT;flxt x'G5 Ps ck/fwL k'?if dfgl;stf tkfOFsf] /fHodf . x}g eg] lsg aGb}g xfd|f nflu ;'/lIft tkfOFsf] /fHo < d]/f] 5f]/L 7"nL x'Fb}5 p;n] x/]s s'/f a'‰g vf]lh/xG5] . Aof8 6r / u'8 6rsf] af/]df yfxf kfpg yfn]sL 5 .

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;dfrf/df ;'lg/x]sL x'G5', cbfntn] anfTsf/ ePsf] k|df0f dfUof] /] < cg';Gwfgdf ;lqmo k'nL;n] k};f vfP/ 36gf ldnfof] /] . /fhgLlts kx'Frsf cfwf/df ck/fwL ufpF3/df 8'lnlxF8]sf] 5 /] < ca eGg';\ xfd|f 5f]/LnfO{ s] l;sfpg] < s] atfpg] < sxfF nu]/ hf]ufpg] < ;fFRr} xfd|f nflu lgl:kmqmL lxF8\g kfpg] ;dfh slxn] aG5 < lbgk|ltlbg a9\bf] anfTsf/ clg To;kl5 xTofsf] k5fl8 sf/0f s] 5 eg]/ xfdLn] slxNo} vf]tNg] k|of;;d]t u/]gf}+ . b]zsf s'gf sGb/fdf eO/x]sf 36\gfx?nfO{ lsg xfdLn] ;"Id cg';Gwfg / cWoog ug{ ;Sb}gf}+ . /fHo ;+oGq ufpF ufpF;Dd km}lnPsf] 5 . clxn] t emg\ :yfgLo tx ;lqmo 5g\ . j8f j8f;Dd :yfgLo ;/sf/sf hgk|ltlglw lgjf{lrt ePsf] cj:yf 5 t/, klg xfdLn] lsg xfd|f] ;dfhdf eO/xg] o:tf 36\gfdf uDeL/ x'g ;s]sf 5}gf}+ < xfdL sxfFg]/ s;/L r'Sof} < tkfOFnfO{ yfxf xf]nf slt 7fpFdf hgk|ltlglw g} anfTsf/sf 36gfdf ldnfkq u/fpFb} lxF8\g] u/]sf] ;'lgG5 . aemfªdf aflnsfsf] anfTsf/kl5 xTof ug]{ 36\gfdf ;+nUg elgPsf o'jsn] s]xL ;docl3 g} Ps csL{ lszf]/Lsf] anfTsf/ u/]sf] / hgk|ltlglws} ;+nUgtfdf ldnfkq u/fPsf] k'li6 ePsf] lyof] . t/fO{df klg s]xL;do cl3 o:t} Pp6f 36gf ;fj{hlgs eof]. oL ;a} tYon] s] b]vfpF5 eg] xfdL s:tf] zf;g Joj:yf / ;dfhsf] kl/sNkgf u/]/ lxFl8/x]sf 5f} +. hxfF b]z / hgtfsf] ;]jf ug{ eGb} /fhgLltdf xf]ldP/ lgjf{lrt ePsf hgk|ltlglwsf] oL 36\gfdf ;+nUgtf kfOg' sltsf] plrt 5 < s] tkfOFnfO{ oxfF s]xL unt e}/x]h:tf] nfUb}g < x'g t s]xL;do cl3 anfTsf/ / Pl;8 cfqmd0f ;DaGwL cWofb]z g} NofP/ sfg'gdf s]xL kl/dfh{g ePsf] 5 . x]bf{ / k9\bf km'na'§] sfg'gsf a'Fbfn] d]/L 5f]/Lsf] /Iff ug{ ;Sb}g eg] Tof] sfg'gsf] s] sfd < s8f elgPsf] cWofb]zsf] s] cy{ < sfof{Gjogsf] kf6f] ultnf] x'g ;s]g eg] To;n] k|efjsf/L glthf t lbg klg t ;Sb}g . :s' n af6 kms{ b f kms{ F b } anfTsf/ eP/ af6f]d} ljeT; d[To'j/0f ug{ afWo xfd|f 5f]/Lsf] nfz b]Vbf tkfOFsf] dg b'V5 < olb b'V5 eg] cfˆg} cufl8 ;8sdf nl8/x]sf gfafns 5f]/Lsf] gfËf] nfz x]g{ ljjz cfdfsf] lgotL slxn] aGb x'G5 < xfdLn] ;dfhdf 3l6/x]sf 36gfdf kL8snfO{ sfg'gL bfo/fdf slt Nofpg ;Sof}+ Tof] klg dxTjk"0f{ kf6f] xf]nf . sfg'g 5 t sfof{Gjog ultnf] lx;fan] geOlbg] xf] eg] t ck/fw ug]{ dflg;sf] dgf]j[lt

emg emg alnof] x'g] u/]sf] t b]lv/x]s} 5f}+ . gq aemfªsL ;Demgf ljsnfO{ anfTsf/ u/L xTof ug]{ cf/f]kL klxnf] ck/fwdf lsg pGd'lQm kfpYof] < xfdLn] kl/sNkgf u/]sf] ;dfhdf lsg k'?if olt lx+;|s aGg ;s]sf] xf]nf . g]kfndf 36\g] anfTsf/sf 36gfdf ;+nUg x'g] Ps} ;d"xsf dfq} 5}gg\ . cem eGg'kbf{ kl/jf/, 5/l5d]s / ;fyLefO g} ;+nUg x'g] u/]sf] kfOG5 . o'jfb]lv pd]/ k'u]sf / a[4 pd]/;Ddaf6 anfTsf/ ePsf] 36\gf ;'Gg kfOG5 . s] of] JolQm leqsf] dgf]bzfn] dfq} sfd u/]sf] xf] jf xfdLn] ;dfhnfO{ g} ToxL lbzfaf6 cl3 a9fP/ nlu/x]sf 5f}+ . of klZrddf ;+:s[ltsf] k|efj egf}+ s] eGg] 7Dofpg g;lsg] cj:yf l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . km]l/ tkfOF eGg'xf]nf lxhf] h;/L lgd{nf kGtsf] anfTsf/ / xTof k|s/0fkl5 36gf t aflx/ b]zdf klg 36]sf 5g\ . xTof/f kQf nufpg !@ jif{;Dd klg nfUg ;S5 . /fHo ;~rfng ug]{ k|d'v JolQm cem /fHosf dxTjk"0f{ lgsfodf a;] s f dflg;af6 o:tf vfnsf cleJolQm cfpg' klg Pp6f sf/0f xf]Og / anfTsf/sf] < o;n] cfd hg;d'bfo cem eGg'kbf{ To; leq a:g] ck/flws dfgl;stfsf] dflg;df t o:tf ljifon] xf};nf g} k|bfg ug]{ xf]Og / < lsg xfdL ;dfhdf x'g] 36gfdf kLl8tnfO{ Gofosf] cg'e"lt lbg ;Sb}gf}+ . k|x/L k|zf;g / /fHo ;+oGqsf dflg;x?af6 lsg cfd hgtf ljZj:t x'g ;Sb}gg\ . tkfOF x]g{ ;Sg'x'G5 lxhf] cfh 36gf eP nuQ} lsg kLl8t kl/jf/ / Tof] ;dfhsf dflg; bf]ifLnfO{ sf/afxL / Gofosf nflu eGb} ;+3if{sf sfo{qmd ug{ afWo 5g\ < /fHok|lt cfd gful/ssf] e/f];f sd eP/ xf] < ljutsf 36gfdf k|efjsf/L cg';Gwfg, kLl8tnfO{ Gofo / kL8snfO{ sfg'gL s73/fdf pEofpg /fHo ;+oGqn] k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfd u/]sf] eP ;fob lxhf]cfh 36\g] 36gfdf gful/sn] cfGbf]ng ul//xg kg]{ lyPg\ xf]nf . cfh x/]s 3/sf 5f]/Lx? b]zdf 3l6/x]sf o:tf 36gfn] ql;t ag]sf 5g\ . sf]xLk|lt e/f];f ug{ ;Sg] jftfj/0f alg/x]sf] 5}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf tkfOF ;/sf/sf] k|d'v ePsf] gftfn] s;/L cfd ;d'bfonfO{ cfZj:t kfg{ ;Sg'x'G5 <

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motiramtimalsina@gmail.com

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yfxf 5 a'jf dnfO{ d}n] gL a'em]sf] 5' tkfO{+nfO{ tkfO{n] af]s]sf] C0fsf] ef/nfO{ t/ v} d s;/L eg'F d g]kfn kmls{G5' a'jf lbge/sf] sfd clg af;L dfd d s;/L vfg ;S5' a'jf slt /ft t ef]s} a;]sf] 5' cfˆgf] l;/fgL cf;F'n] wf]Psf] 5' tkfO{+n] u/]sf] ufnL efOn] lh:sfpb} df/]sf] tfnL lblbn] ddf b]Vg] Ifdtf clg cfdfsf] ld7f] ddtf ;w}+ ofb cfp5F a'jf Pp6f s'07f a:5 dgdf C0f eGbf gL ef/L esf] of] tgdf la/fdL gL eGg kfOGg cf}iflw gL rflxGg cf;F'sf] dndn] slt lgsf] kfg{' 3fp b'Mv ;'v cfˆg} 7fpdFf afr F f}nf ld7f] dl;gf] eP gL vfpn F f la/fgf] b]zsf] ldqtf eGbf cfˆg} b]z sf] zq'tf Kof/f] To;}n] d g]kfn kmls{G5' a'jf

si[0f ltdlN;gf

km'“ofn / e08f/L a]kQf w'lnv]n÷df3 & ut] e'Dn' ufpFkflnsf j8f gDj/ * l:yt O{Gb|fjtL / ;'gsf]zL gbL bf]efgsf] au/df Ps hf]8L dlxnf / k'?ifsf] sk8f ;lxtsf ;fdfu|L km]nf k/]sf] 5 . :yfgLosf] ;"rgfsf cfwf/df k|x/Ln] sk8fx?, h"Qf, s]6f / s]6Lsf] k;{ tyf 38L nufotsf ;fdfu|Lx? a/fdb u/]sf] 5. ;fljs 9'+vs{ uflj; 3/ eO{ kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ v/Laf]6 a:g] $) alif{o dfwjk|;fb km'Fofn / gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ % a:g] >Lhgf e08f/L sf]O{/fnfsf ;fdfg ePsf] a/fdbLaf6 k'i6L ePsf] 5 . sf]O{/fnf / km'Fofn nfdf] ;do b]lv ;DaGwdf /x]sf] rrf{ lyof] . sf]O{/fnfsf >Ldfg\ ljb]zdf /x]sf avt km'Fofn;Fu ;DaGw ePsf] xf] . km'Fofnsf] 3/df >LdtL ;lxt aRrfx? 5g\ . xf]6n tyf cGo Aoj;foaf6 C0fdf k/]sf km'Fofn s]lx dlxgf b]lv dfgl;s tgfjdf lyP . plgx?sf sk8f ;lxtsf ;fdfgx? a/fdb eP kl5 k|x/Ln] yk cg';Gwfg yfn]sf] 5 . plgx? ;'gsf]zLdf a]kQf eP jf ;fdfg Tolx 5f8]/ cGoq uP < k|x/L / cfkmGtn] cg';Gwfg yfn]sf 5g\ . kl/jf/n] plgx?sf] vf]htnf;sf nflu df3 @ ut] b]lv ;Dks{ ljlxg ePsf] eGb} vf]htnf;sf nflu lgj]bg lbPsf 5g\ .

cj}w 3/]n' dlb/f lgoGq0f df3 $ ut] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]saf6 vl6 uPsf] ljz]if k|x/L r]lsË 6f]nLn] sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf cGtu{tsf] c/lgsf] / la=lk= /fhdfu{ cf;kf;sf xf]6n k;nx?df /fqLsflng Jofkf/Lx?n] laqmL lat/0fsf] nflu /flvPsf] ca}w 3/]n' dlb/f % ;o @% ln6/ lgoGq0fdf lnO{ :yfgLo /f]xj/df cfGtl/s /fhZj sfof{no w'lnv]n sfe|]knf~rf]sdf a'emfO{ cfjZos sfg"gL k|s[of kZrft ;'/lIft :yfgdf gi6 ul/Psf] 5 .

-@)&* df3 !#–!(_

!$ ut] if6\ltnf PsfbzL a|t, !^ ut] zlxb lbj;, !( ut] ;f]gfd Nxf];f/ .

cfh ;do ljk/Lt rn]sf] x'Fbf em'6f cf/f]ksf] ;fy} ckh; ;xg'knf{, afFsL lbgdf df+ulns sfo{df ;xeflutf, OlR5t sfo{df l;l4 k|flKt xf]nf . dGq Mç lglvn+ lg+ ç . cfh k]6df ljsf/ ;fy} lrQdf r+rntf cfpnf, afFsL lbgdf Jofkf/ Joj;foaf6 nfe, dfg P]Zjo{ k|flKt, kfl/jf/Ls ;'v klg ldNg]5 . dGq M P]+ x|L+ SnL+ rfd'08fo} ljRo} . !#–!$ ut];Dd ;do v/fa x'Fbf dgdf lvGgtf af]w xf]nf, afFsL lbg pkxf/ cflb j:t' k|flKt, aGw'afGwjaf6 ;xof]u, ;fy} wg k|flKt x'g]5 . dGqM ç u'?b]jfo gdM .

j[if

sGof

ds/

!#–!$ ut];Dd efUof]bosf] ;do /x]sf] 5, !%!^ ut];Dd vr{ j[l4 x'gfn] lrGtf knf{, afs F L lbgdf jfxg ;'v k|flKt, ofqfaf6 nfe x'g]5 . dGq M ç qmL+ qmL+ ç . cfh / ef]ln ;fx; / w}o{tf j[l4 xf]nf, !%–!^ ut];Dd 3/sf] lrGtfn] ;tfpnf, afFsL lbgdf nfdf] ofqfsf] of]u, zq'efj ldqdf kl/0ft xf]nf . dGq M ç u+ u0fkto gdM. cfh ldi7fGg ef]hg k|flkt x'g]5, !%–!^ ut];Dd ;do k|lts"n x'Fbf rf]6k6ssf] eo /x]sf] 5, afFsL lbg pkxf/ cflb j:t' k|flKt xf]nf . dGq M ç x|L+ gdM .

ldy'g

t'nf

s'De

!#–!^ ut];Dd 3/df ;'v zflGt, ldi7fGg ef]hg k|flKt x'g]5, !&!* ut];Dd d[To't'No si6 ;xg'knf{, a'waf/ gljg sfo{df ;xeflutf xf]nf . dGq M P]+ x|L+ P]+ ;/:jTo} gdM . !#–!^ ut];Dd bfh'efO{af6 ;'v k|flKt, cfsl:ds wgnfe x'g]5, !&–!* ut];Dd g/fd|f] ;kgf cfpnf, clGtd lbg nfdf] ofqf /xnf . dGqM ç qmL+ sfNo} gdM . !#–!^ ut];Dd lktfsf] ;xof]udf sfo{df ;kmntf ldNg]5, !&–!* ut] df]6f] wg/fzL vr{ xf]nf, a'waf/ dfg;Ddfg k|flKt x'g]5 . dGq M ç b'+ b'uf{o gdM .

cRo"tfgGb Hof]= cfo"j{]lbs cf}ifwfno,ag]kf, kgf}tL/f]8,uf]bfdrf]s, kmf]g g+= )!!–^^#$(^

ss{6

!#–!* ut];Dd z/L/df :j:ytf, cWoog cWofkgdf ?rL j[l4, ld7fld7f k|]djftf{ nfe x'g]5, clGtd lbg em'6f cf/f]k cfpg ;Sg]5 . dGq Mç gdZrl08sfo} M . !#–!* ut];Dd af]nLsf] a9\gfn] sfo{df ;kmntf, df]6f] wg/fzL k|flKt, dfg ;Ddfg a9\nf, a'waf/ 5ftLsf] /f]u a9\g ;Snf . dGq M ç x|L+ efUof]bo x|L+ ç .

j[lZrs k|efj

dLg

!#–!^ ut];Dd hflu/df k|df]zg ldNgfn] efUof]bosf] ;do /x]sf] 5, :jf:Yodf lg/f]lutf 5fpnf, a'waf/ eg] zq' j[l4 xf]nfg\ . dGq M ç e+ e+ e}/jfo gdM .

^

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

jif{ @* c+s !$ @)&* df3 !# ut] ljxLjf/

ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf] xflb{s cg'/f]w

cToGt h?/L ;"rgf

-k|sflzt ldltM @)&*.!).&_

cfb/0fLo gu/af;L bfh'efO{ lbbLalxgLx? ljZjdf dfxfdf/Lsf ?kdf km}lnPsf] sf]le8–!( gfds sf]/fgfefO/;sf] gofF e]l/oG6 cf]ldqmf]g ;lxtsf] ;+qmd0f a9\b} uPsf sf/0f ljz]if :jf:yo ;fjwfgL ckgfpg] ljifodf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 hf/L ePsf] #^ a'Fb] cfb]z tyf lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ldlt @)&*.!).# sf] a}7saf6 ePsf lg0f{o ;d]tsf cfwf/df ag]kf gu/kflnsf If]qleq b]xfo adf]lhd ug{ u/fpg x'g ;Dk"0f{ gu/jf;L bfh'efO{ lbbLalxgLx?df ag]kf gu/kflnsf xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5 .

o; sf]N8 :6f]/df cfn' :6f]/]h ug'{ ePsf Jofkf/L tyf s[ifs dxfgefjx?n] k|To]s jif{sf] d+l;/ @) ut];Dddf cfn' lgsf;L ul/;Sg' kg]{ zt{df :6f]/]h ul/Fb} cfPsf]df sltko Jofkf/L tyf s[ifs dxfg'efjx?n] xfn;Dd klg cfn' lgsf;L ug{ gcfpg' ePsf] x'Fbf of] ;"rgf ul/G5 ls sf]N8 :6f]/sf] k|0ffnL aGb ePkl5 cfn' pd|g] / b'u{lGwt x'g] ePsfn] cfufdL jif{ cfn' :6f]/ ug{ cfpFbf ut jif{sf] :6f]/ ef8f / ;/;kmfO{ vr{afktsf] /sd ;d]t e'QmfgL u/]kl5 dfq} cfn' :6f]/ ul/g] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 .

!= ;+qmd0faf6 hf]lug slDtdf b'O{ ld6/sf] ;fdflhs ef}lts b'/L sfod ug]{ / ;lx ?kdf df:ssf] k|of]u ug]{, @= ;do ;dodf ;fa'g kfgLn] dhfn] xft w'g], #= s'g} sfd ;DkGg u/]kl5 jf aflx/af6 cfO{ 3/leq k|j]z ubf{ :oflg6fOh/sf] k|of]u ug]{, $= le8ef8 x'g] sfo{qmd cfof]hgf gug]{ / To:tf sfo{qmddf ;xeflu gx'g], %= ;+qmd0f k'li6 ePsf JolQmdf ;xfg'e'lt /fVg], ;Ddflgt Jojxf/ ug]{, ^= 3/ cfFugdf :jR5tf sfod u/L dgf]/~hgk"0f{ jftfj/0f tof/ ug]{ / JolQmut tyf kfl/jfl/s ;/;kmfO{ sfod ug]{, &= gu/kflnsfn] to u/]sf] tflnsf adf]lhd ;a}n] sf]le8 lj?4sf] EoflS;g nufpg], *= gu/kflnsfsf] sfof{no, j8f sfof{nox?, :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?, z}lIfs ;+:yfx? tyf cGo ;fj{hlgs sfof{no tyf :yfgx? / ;fj{hlgs ;jf/L ;fwgdf pkl:yt x'Fbf cfkm'n] nufPsf] sf]le8 la?4sf] EoflS;g sf8{ clgafo{ ¿kdf ;fydf /fVg] df]afOndf lvlrPsf] kmf]6f] eP klg x'g]_ . (= ;+qmd0fsf] s'g} nIf0f ePsf] z+sf nfu]df jf :jf:Yodf s'g} ;d:of cfPdf :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf tTsfn ;Dks{ /fVg] .

hubDaf sf]N8 :6f]/]h P08 l;8 k|f]8S;g ;]G6/ k|f=ln=

nIdLg/l;+x afb] >]i7 k|d'v

;'Gyfg, kgf}tL g=kf=(, sfe|]

df]6/;fOsn lalu|P/ lrlGtt x'g'x'G5 <

/f]zL ufp“kflnsf

dxfef/t ufp“kflnsf

s6'~h]j]zL, sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

dxfef/t, sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

ufp“jf;Lx?df cg'/f]w

ufp“jf;Lx?df cg'/f]w

– j8faf6 k|fKt ug]{ ;]jf ;'ljwfsf nflu j8fut ?kd} ;Dks{ /fvf}+ .

– ;a} afnaflnsfnfO{ ljBfnodf k7fcf}+ .

– hGd, d[To', a;fO{;/fO{, ;DaGw ljR5]b / ljjfx btf{ ;DaGwL JolQmut 36gf btf{sf nflu cf–cfˆgf] ;DalGwt j8fdf ;Dks{ /flv ;dod} 36gf btf{ u/f}+ .

– ;a} 3/df zf}rfno lgdf{0f u/f}+ .

– ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf k|fKt ug{ cfjZos of]Uotf / sfuhft af/] ;DalGwt j8fdf ;Dks{ /fvf}+ .

– /fli6«o ejg ;+lxtfsf] k"0f{ kfngf ul/ dfkb08 cg';f/ 3/ lgdf{0f u/f}+ .

– cfdf / aRrf b'j}sf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu aly{ª ;]G6/df ;'Ts]/L u/fpg] u/f}+ .

– ;a} lsl;dsf] kmf]xf]/nfO{ Ps]} 7fpFdf gy'kf/L juL{s[t u/f}+, s'lxg] gs'lxg] kmf]xf]/ 5'6\ofpF .

– Knfli6shGo kmf]xf]/ gafnf}+ .

– j8fut ?kdf ;8s aQL Joj:yfkg pkof]u / ;+/If0f u/f}+ .

– s'g} klg Joj;fo btf{ u/]/ dfq ;+rfng u/f}+ .

– s'g} klg gful/sn] afn>dsf] k|of]u gu/f}+ .

– cfw'lgs s[lif k|0ffnL ckgfO{ Joj;flos s[ifs agf}+ .

– pGgt gZnsf kz'kfng u/L :j/f]huf/L ;[hgf u/f}+ .

– wd{, ;F:s[lt, ;Dkbfsf] hu]gf{ u/f}+, df}lns klxrfgnfO{ ;+/If0f u/f}+ .

– ;fj{hlgs ;DklQfsf] ;+/If0f u/f}+ .

– j8faf6 k|fKt ug]{ ;]jf ;'ljwfsf nflu j8fut ?kd} ;Dks{ /fvf}+ .

– ;a} afnaflnsfnfO{ ljBfnodf k7fcf}+ .

– hGd, d[To', a;fO{;/fO{, ;DaGw ljR5]b / ljjfx btf{ ;DaGwL JolQmut 36gf btf{sf nflu cf–cfˆgf] ;DalGwt j8fdf ;Dks{ /flv ;dod} 36gf btf{ u/f}+ .

– ;a} 3/df zf}rfno lgdf{0f u/f}+ .

– ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf k|fKt ug{ cfjZos of]Uotf / sfuhft af/] ;DalGwt j8fdf ;Dks{ /fvf}+ .

– /fli6«o ejg ;+lxtfsf] k"0f{ kfngf ul/ dfkb08 cg';f/ 3/ lgdf{0f u/f}+ .

– cfdf / aRrf b'j}sf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu aly{ª ;]G6/df ;'Ts]/L u/fpg] u/f}+ .

– ;a} lsl;dsf] kmf]xf]/nfO{ Ps]} 7fpFdf gy'kf/L juL{s[t u/f}+, s'lxg] gs'lxg] kmf]xf]/ 5'6\ofpF .

– Knfli6shGo kmf]xf]/ gafnf}+ .

– j8fut ?kdf ;8s aQL Joj:yfkg pkof]u / ;+/If0f u/f}+ .

– s'g} klg Joj;fo btf{ u/]/ dfq ;+rfng u/f}+ .

– s'g} klg gful/sn] afn>dsf] k|of]u gu/f}+ .

– cfw'lgs s[lif k|0ffnL ckgfO{ Joj;flos s[ifs agf}+ .

– pGgt gZnsf kz'kfng u/L :j/f]huf/L ;[hgf u/f}+ .

– wd{, ;F:s[lt, ;Dkbfsf] hu]gf{ u/f}+, df}lns klxrfgnfO{ ;+/If0f u/f}+ .

– ;fj{hlgs ;DklQfsf] ;+/If0f u/f}+ .

cfkm\gf] df]6/;fOsnsf] nflu :t/Lo kf6{;\ / e/kbf{] ;le{;sf] vf]hLdf x'g'x'G5 < To;f] xf] eg] ca xfdLnfO{ ;Demg'xf];\, tkfO{ xfd|f] cfˆg} zx/ ag]kf, g]kfn 6]lnsd rf]s r}tGo SofDk; hfg] af6f]df /x]sf]>L pd]z hL 6«]8; oxfFx?sf] :jfut ub{5 / !))Ü cf]l/lhgn ;fdfgsf] ;fydf h'g;'s} a|f08sf] df]6/;fOsn

xfd|f ;]jf tyf ;'ljwfx?

f ;Dk"0f{ lx/f] sDkgLs f afO{s kf6{;\x? ty 5 . ;le{; ul/G

– u|fxssf] rfxgf cg'?ksf] Quality ;fdfg kfOg] .

– df]6/;fOsn ;le{l;ª b]lv OlGhg dd{t tyf n]ysf] ;Dk"0f{ ;'ljwf tyf ;dfg pknAw .

– sk'gsf] Joj:yf u/L kT|os ] uf|xsnfO{ xft vfnL gxg'] cfsifs { pkxf/sf] Joj:yf .

;Dks{

>L pd]z hL 6«]8; ag]kf

-do"/ xn hfg] af6f], 6]lnsd rf]s_, kmf]g g+= )!!^^@^@(, (*%!)$$*()

;"rgf ! ;"rgf !! ;"rgf !!!

;"rgf

afnaflnsf, h]i7 gful/s tyf czQmn] ;s];Dd lr;f]sf] ;dodf 3/aflx/ glg:sf}F, :jf:Yodf s'g} ;d:of k/]df :jf:YosdL{;Fu k/fdz{ lncf}F .

hf8fa]f6 aRg lgDg pkfox? canDag u/f+} .

:jf:Yo sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]s

– tftf] emfl]nnf] kbfys { f] kz | :t dfqfdf lkpg] u/f,+} – Gofgf] sk8f nufcf,+} – 3fd jf cfuf] tfkf,+} – tn] dfln; u/f,+} – zfl//Ls Jofofd u/f,+} – afnaflnsf, hi]7 gful/s tyf czQmn] ;s;]Dd lr;fs ] f] ;dodf 3/aflx/ glg:sf,+} – tfhf / kfl}i6s vfgs ] /'f vfcf,+} – hf8fa]f6 aRg] gfddf wd"kfg tyf dBkfg gu/f,+} – :jf:Yodf sg'} ;d:of k/d]f :jf:YosdL;{uF k/fdz{ lncf+} .

g]kfn ;/sf/

lj1fkg af]8{

r]i6f klAns]zg k|f=ln=åf/f k|sflzt tyf d'lb|t, cWoIf M czf]s Jof~h", sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbs M df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf, ;x ;Dkfbs M nId0f ltdlN;gf, sDKo'6/ ck/]6/ M nf]saxfb'/ yfkf, sfof{no M ag]kf !), sfe|], kmf]g g+= )!!^^@$($, email: cheshtaweekly@yahoo.com/website: www.cheshtaweekly.com.np, d'b|0f M ;Gtf]if lk|lG6ª k|];, ag]kf, sfe|] .