Year 30 issue 13

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NEXT GENERATION Banepa Tindobato, (Way to Sinagal Marga)

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Contact: 9841688894, 9849276898

PHARMACY PVT. LTD.,

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kl/roM cfo'j]{b zAb cfo' tyf j]b oL b'O{ zAbsf] ;+of]hgaf6 ag]sf] 5 . cfo' eGgfn] z/L/, dg, cfTdf / O{lG›osf] ;+o'Qm cj:yf xf] eg] j]b eGgfn] 1fg eGg] a'lemG5 . cfo"sf] ;du| 1fg, cfo"sf nflu lxt x'g] s'/f, /f]usf sf/0f / pkrf/, cfxf/–ljxf/, cf}iflwlj1fg OToflb rf}tkmL{ ljwfx?nfO{ o;n] ;d]6]sf] 5 . cfo'j]{bleq z/L/ /rgfzf:q, z/L/ lqmofzf:q, /f]ulj1fg, cf}iflw lj1fg, :j:y hLjgsf nflu rflxg] :j:yj[Q, afns, o'jf, j[4, dlxnf ;a} cj:yf / pd]/df x'g] /f]usf k[ys–k[ys 1fg, tL /f]ux?sf] lrlsT;f l;4fGt / ljlwx? j0f{g ul/Psf] x'G5 . ljZjdf k| r lnt ljleGg lrlsT;f k2ltx?dWo] cfo'j]{b ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] / ;d[4 lrlsT;fk2lt xf] . hGd]b]lv d/0f;Dd hLjgnfO{ lxtfo' / ;'vfo' agfpg] ljlw o; k2ltn] l;sfpF5 . k|ftMsfndf p7]b]lv lbgel/ ul/g] lbgrof{sf lgod, Ct' cg';f/sf kfng ug{'kg]{ Ct'rof{sf lgod, vfgkfgsf lgod, ;bfrf/sf lgodÙ pd]/, cj:yf, /f]u / Ct'cg';f/sf kYofxf/sf lgod cfo'j]{bsf ljlzi6 k| l tkfbgx? x' g \ . æ:j:y:o :jf:Yo/If0fd\ cft'/:o ljsf/ k|zdg~rÆ cyf{t\ :j:y JolQmsf] :jf:Yosf] hu]gf{ / /f]usf cj:yfdf ;f] /f]usf] lgjf/0f h:tf b'O{ k|d'v p2]Zo af]s]sf] cfo'j]{bn] /f]u nfu]kl5 pkrf/ ug{'eGbf /f]u} nfUg glbg'nfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fv]sf] k|i6 x'G5 . cfo'j]{bdf cf}iflw k|of]uM d'Votof jg:klt, vlgh tyf hGt' u/L tLg k|sf/sf cf}iflwsf ;|f]tx? cfo'j]{bn] dxTjsf ;fy atfPsf] 5 . cZjuGwf, ztfj/L, cdnf, af]emf], l6Dd'/ t'n;L OToflb jg:klt›Jo x'g\ eg] kf/b -kf/f]_, :j0f{, rfFbL, nf}x, r"g, nj0f tyf cGo vfgLaf6 k|fKt x'g] ›Jox? vlghdf kb{5g\ .

To;}u/L zÎ, d"Fuf, df]tL, uf]/f]rg, s:t"/f, u}F8fsf] vfu, xl:tbGt, d[uz[Ë h:tf kbfy{x? hGt'hlgt ›Jodf kb{5g\ . cfhef]ln s;}s;}n] h8La'6L dfq cfo'j]{b xf] eGg] e|d ;d]t kfn]sf] b]lvG5 . k/Gt' cfo'j]{bn] ægfgf}iflwe"t+ hulb lsl~r2|Jodl:tÆ eg]/ plrt k|of]u hfg]sf] v08df ;+;f/sf ;a} ›JonfO{ cf}iflwsf ?kdf ;d]t lng ;lsg] tYo k|:t't u/]sf] 5 . oL ›Jox?dWo] ;a} eGbf ;'ne, ;lhnf], ;:tf] / lg/fkb ?kdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] ›Jo h8La'6Lx? g} x'g\ . h8La'6Laf6 cfo'j]{bdf :j/; -/;_, sNs, r"0f{, j6L uf]nL_, cf;j, cl/i6, cjn]x h:tf cnu cnu :j?ksf cf}iflwx? aGb5g\ .

cf}iflw pkrf/df k|of]udf cfpg] af]6la?jfx?nfO{ g} h8La'6L eGg] ul/G5 . g]kfndf k|frLg sfnb]lv g} k/Dk/fut ?kdf cf}ifwf]krf/df h8La'6Lx?sf] k|of]u lg/Gt/ x'Fb} cfO/x]sf] 5 . k|frLg sfnb]lv cfo'j]{b hghLjgdf PsfTd ?kn] a;]sf] kfOG5 . k"jL{o 1fglj1fgsf] d"n rf/ j]b CUj]b, oh'j]{b, ;fdj]b / cyj{j]b x'g\ . oL rf/ j]bx?dWo] cyj{j]bsf] pkj]bsf ?kdf cfo'j]{b k|l;4 5 . cyj{j]bdf w]/} y/L h8La'6Lx?sf] k|of]usf] j0f{g 5 . g]kfnsf] lxdfno If]q b'n{e h8La'6Lx?sf] e08f/ xf] . cfo'j]{bsf] pTklQsf] d"n ynf] klg lxdfno If]q g} /x]sf] s'/f cfo'j]{bsf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ u|Gy r/s;+lxtfdf klg n]lvPsf] 5 . k|fs[lts h8La'6Lx? nfdf] k/Dk/faf6 lxtsf/L k|dfl0ft ePsf x'g\ . xhf/f}+ jif{b]lv cljlR5Gg k/Dk/fsf ?kdf k|of]uåf/f qmdzM k|dfl0ft x'Fb} cfPsf h8La' 6 Lx?sf] k| e fjsfl/tf sf]le8–!( sf ;dodf cfpFbf;Dd klg plQs} b]lvPsf] tYo ;a}sf ;fd' k|i6 g} 5 . cfo'j]{bsf ljz]if kIfx?M != ;:tf] / ;'ne b]lv ax'd"No / b'n{e pkrf/ ljlwx?sf] k|of]uM tftf]kfgL h:tf] cToGt ;:tf], ;'ne / ;fwf/0f kbfy{b]lv lnP/ lx/f, :j0f{, xl:tbGt h:tf b'n{e / ax'd"No kbfy{x?af6 ;d]t cf}ifwf]krf/ ug]{ ljwfg cfo'j]{bdf 5 k/Gt' g]kfndf cfhef]ln lj:t[t ?kdf cGj]if0f, cWoog ug]{ jf k|of]udf Nofpg] sfd b'n{e} b]lvG5 . @= ;+oldt cfxf/, ljxf/, cfrf/, :j:ys/ hLjgz}nLsf] cg'kfng h:tf cf}iflwljxLg k4lt ;d]t plQs} k|efjsf/L b]lvG5 . #= ljlzi6 cf7 cfxf/ ljlw ljz]iffotgåf/f ef]hg / ef]hgu|x0fsf] ljlwsf] ;d]t dxTj atfOPsf] 5 . $= /f]u / /f]uLsf] cj:yf, ;do, jftfj/0f OToflbsf] cg's"n lbgrof{, Ct'rof{ OToflb lgodsf] kfngsf] lgb]{z . %= hl8a'6Lx?sf] ;Dk"0f{ ?ksf] k|of]un] ubf{ kfZj{k|efjdf sdL . ^= kf/f], tfdf, ;lÎof, jT;gfe, s'lrnf, efË, clkmd, s/jL/, hokfn h:tf ljif›JonfO{ ;d]t cfo'j]{bLo /;zf:qdf plNnlvt zf]wg, lglj{ifLs/0f OToflb ljleGg ljlwåf/f ;]jgof]Uo agfO{ cf}iflw pTkfbg x'g] &= c;fWo Joflwx?df cgfjZos ;fwg;|f]t;do gi6 gug{ / ;dod} /f]uLsf kl/jf/df ;"lrt ug]{ lgb]{z *= kYo tyf ckYosf] /f]ufg';f/ lgb]{z (= /f]u a9\g gkfpFb} h/f] gi6 ug]{ pkfosf] lgb]{z !)= JolQmlgi7 lrlsT;fk4ltsf] cjwf/0ff

OToflb. cfo'j]{bsf] ljsf;sf] cfjZostf / pkfo casf] ;dodf cfo'j]{bnfO{ 3/3/df n}hfg'sf ;fy} s;/L lj:tf/ ug{ ;lsG5 t eGg] s'/fdf ;a}sf] Wofg hfg' cfjZos 5 . xfd|f] ;dfh g;g]{ /f]ux? dw'd]x pRr/Qmrfk yfO/fO8;DaGwL ladf/L tyf SofG;/ h:tf sl7g jf c;fWo /f]ux?sf] rk]6fdf kl/;s]sf] 5 . o:tf /f]uaf6 aRg cfo'j]{b of]u tyf k|fs[lts lrlsT;fnfO{ ;d]t ;Fu} n}hfg' pko'Qm x'g] b]lvG5 . l56f] /f]ud'Qm x'g] cfzfdf 3fts kl/0ffd klg k|fKt x'g] tYonfO{ ÅboËd ub}{ cfo'j]{b lzIff / lrlsT;f k|0ffnLsf] lj:tf/ ug{' cfhsf] cfjZostf eO;s]sf] 5 . o;sf nflu lgDglnlvt a"Fbfx?df /fHo / ;dfhsf cu|0fLx?af6 kl/kfng ug]{ u/fpg] Joj:yf x'g' pko'Qm x'G5– • xfd|f k'vf{x?n] cf}iflwsf ?kdf k|of]u ub}{ cfO/x]sf h/La'6Lx?sf] cGj]if0f, ;+/If0f ub}{ k|of]udf Nofpg] • ;fwf/0f cj:yfdf k|of]u x'g] l3ps'df/L, af]emf], t'n;L, l6d'/ h:tf h/La'6L cfˆg} af/Ldf nufpg] / pkof]u ug]{ • Jofj;flos h8La'6L v]tLnfO{ k|j4{g ug{ ltg} txsf ;/sf/n] ljleGg gLlt Pjd\ of]hgf agfpg] / l;+xb/af/ j}Bvfgf h:tf ;+:yfx?sf] pGglt ub}{ cGo k|zf]wg tyf cf}iflw pTkfbg s]G›x?sf] :yfkgf ug]{ • 1fgsf] x:tfGt/0f k':tf–b/–k':tf ub}{ hfg ;a} JolQm ;r]t aGg] • cfo'j]{bsf gfddf x'g] u/]sf lj1fkg, e|fds k|rf/, jf/]G6L Uof/]G6Lsf xf:of:kb s'/f tyf 7uLwGbfnfO{ lg?T;fxg ug]{ jf ;f] ;DaGwdf hgtfdf r]tgf lbg] • cfxf/ g} cd[t / cfxf/ g} ljif ;d]t ePsfn] z'4 / :jR5 cfxf/ g} ;]jg ug]{ cvfB j:t' s[lqd /Ë k|of]u u/]sf kbfy{x?sf] k|of]unfO{ ;a} txaf6 lg?T;fxg ug]{, To:tf lj1fkgdf /f]s nufpg] • cfo'j]{bdf atfOPsf ljxf/sf lgodx? h:t} zog, hfu/0f, Jofofd, rª\qmd0f, cEoË dfln;_, :gfg, h:tf k|lqmofx?df lgod kfng ug]{ • ljBfnox?df ;;fgf efOalxgLx?nfO{ cfo' j ] { b sf] l;4fGt, dxQ\ j , ;fwf/0f h/La'6Lx?sf] kl/ro, dxQ\j / pkof]u OToflbsf] 1fg lbg kf7\ok':tsx?sf] lgdf{0f u/L clgjfo{ cWoog cWofkgsf] Joj:yf u/fpg], OToflb . cfo'j]{bM e"t / jt{dfg ;+;f/df dfgjsf] ;[li6 k"j{ g} cfo'j]{b pTklQ ePsf] dflgG5 . cyj{j]bsf] pkj]bsf ?kdf /x]sf] cfo'j]{b j]bx?sf] ;dfg} ckf}?if]o zfZjt / ;gftg 5 . o;sf l;4fGtx? klg slxNo} k'/fgf / c;To gx'g] / ckl/jt{gLo 5g\ . r/s ;+lxtf, ;'>'t ;+lxtf tyf jfUe6 ;+lxtf -ci6fËÅbo_ h:tf k|frLg u|Gyx? cfh klg plQs} k|fdfl0fs 5g\ . g]kfndf cfo'j]{bsf] cf}krfl/s lzIff rG› zd;]/sf kfnfdf z'¿ ePsf] b]lvG5. cfo'j]{bsf] lzIff cf}krfl/s 9Ën] lbnfpg] p2]Zon] pgn] klxnf] k6s cf7 hgf g]kfnL ljBfyL{x?nfO{ ef/t k7fPsf lyP / :jb]z kmls{Pkl5 pgLx?åf/f :jf:Yo ;]jf lbnfpg] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] lyof].b]ze/df ljleGg cf}ifwfnox?sf] :yfkgf u/L slj/fh tyf cf}ifwLs'6'jfsf] b/aGbL ;lxt :yfgLo h8La'6Lsf] e/k"/ pkof]u ub}{ lgMz'Ns cfo'j]{b :jf:Yo ;]jf lbg] sfd k|f/De ePsf] lyof] . xfn s]G›Lo lrlsT;fnon] ztfAbL k"/f ul//s]sf]

;~hLjgL gdg'f ljBfnosf] &$ cf}+ aflifs { fT];j w'lnv]n, sfe|]÷w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ & df /xs ] f] lhNnfs} klxnf] OËln; :sn ' , gdg'f tyf w/]} ljBfyL{ ePsf] ljBfno ;~hLjgL gdg'f dfWolds ljBfnon] &$ cf} aflifs { fT];j dgfPsf] 5 . agk]fsf kd|] axfb/' /fhjz + Ln] wl'nvn ] df ;~hLjgL :yfkgfsf] z? ' jft u/s ] f lyP . pgsf] gt]T[jdf !@ hgf lzIff;j]Lx?n] @))^ ;fndf lhNnfsf ky|d cu+|h ] L :sn ' sf ?kdf ;~hLjgLsf] :yfkgf u/s ] f lyP . w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf k|d'v czf]s Aof~h'sf] k|d'v cfltYotf tyf cWoIf a]bk|;fb sf]Fh'sf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg &$ cf} aflif{sf]T;j sfo{qmddf k'/:sf/ ljt/0f tyf cleefjs lbj; cfof]hgf ul/Psf] xf] . ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofks nf]s]Gb| 9sfnn] ljBfnosf] ;du| cj:yfsf af/]df aflif{s k|ltj]bg k|:t't u/]sf lyP eg] ;xfos k|wfgfWofks 6+s yfkfn] :jfut u/]sf lyP . ljBfnosf] ;du| cfly{s k|ltj]bg n]vf tyf k|zf;g k|d'v >Lcf]d Aof~h'n] k|:t't u/]sf lyP . z}lIfs ;q @)*) sf nflu ! xhf/ # ;o ^ hgf ljBfyL{x?n] pQm ljBfnodf cWoog ul//x]sf 5g\ .

s] xf] Oltxf; <

&$ jif{ klxnf @))^ ;fn df3 !^ ut] w'lnv]n gu/Ldf lzIff gkfPsf t/ lzIffsf] dxTj a'em]sf !@ hgf AoLQmx?n] ;~hLjgL a'6L em} dflg;nfO{ Ao'Ftfpg ;sf]; eGg] pb]Zon] ;~hLjgL ljBfno :yfkgfsf nflu /f0ff zf;gsfndf ;kmn k|of; u/]sf lyP . ag]kfsf k|]daxfb'/ /fhj+zL ;lxt w'lnv]nsf hutaxfb'/ rf]R5], gf/fo0fs[i0f rf]R5], hutaxfb'/ of]un, Gx'5]nfn ouf]n, lji0f'axfb'/ vf]Fh', gf/fo0fbf; a?0f, xl/nfn ouf]n, /]zdnfn dfsh', sk'/nfn dfsh', cd[tnfn dfsh' tyf afns[i0f vf]+h'n] ljBfnosf] :yfkgf u/]sf lyP . !@ hgf ;+:yfkss} lgwg eO{;s]sf] 5 . /f0ffx?sf] huhuL ePsf a]nf :yfkgf u/]sf] OËln; k9fpg] ljBfno lhNnfs} klxnf] lyof] . @)!$ ;fndf xfO{:s'nsf ?kdf :yflkt eof] . @)## ;fndf gd'gf Aoj;flos dfWods ljBfnosf] dfGotf kfof] . @)$( ;fndf pRr dfWolds ljBfno eof] . @)$# ;fn b]lv cfjf;Lo ?kdf km/s Ifdtf ePsf b[li6ljlxg afnaflnsfx?nfO{ k9fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . @)^# ;fndf dWodf~rn If]qs} gd'gf ljBfno 3f]lift eof] . @)&) ;fnsf] z}lIfs ;qaf6 Aoj;flos lzIff k|bfg ug{] gLlt cg'?k l;len OlGjlgol/Ë ljifosf] sIff ;+rfng eof] . ljBfyL{x? cWoogsf nflu tF5f8 d5f8 ug{] ljBfnosf ?kdf ;~hLjgLn] cfkm\gf] Oltxf; cfh;Dd sfod ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5 . c+u|]hL / g]kfnL b'a} dfWodaf6 k9fO{ u/fO{ /x]sf] ljBfnodf s'g} s'g} sIffdf rf/j6f ;]S;g

;+rflnt 5g\ . lj1fg, lzIff, Aoj:yfkg / ljz]if lzIffsf ljleGg ljifodf sIff ( b]lv !@ ;Dd k9fO{ eO{/x]sf] pQm ljBfno #$ /f]kgL * cfgf ! k};f # bfd If]qkmndf /x]sf] 5 eg] cfjf;Lo ejg !% /f]kgL !% cfgf @ k};f # bfd If]qkmndf /x]sf] 5 . tTsflng cj:yfdf w'lnv]naf;Lx?n] ljleGg If]qdf k]zf Aoj;fo tyf 3/df /xFbf klg Ps d'7L rfdn 5fs lkR5] g} ;+sng u/L pQm ljBfnosf] :yfkgf;Fu} lg/Gt/tf lbg ;xof]u u/]sf lyP . cGt/fli6«o If]qdf ;d]t rlr{t AolQmx? w'lnv]n c:ktfnsf ;+:yfks 8f= /fds07 dfsh', d'6' /f]u ljz]if1 8f= /fh]Gb| sf]Fh', g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3 tyf cGt{/fli6«o :t/df w' l nv] n nfO{ lrgfpg ;kmn w' l nv] n gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v czf]s Aof~h' nufotsf AolQmx?n] ;f]lx ljBfnoaf6 P;Pn;L;Ddsf] cWoog u/]sf lyP .

jt{dfg cj:yf

k'j{ k|fylds tx, cfwf/e't tx tyf dfWolds txsf] sIff !@ ;Dd ljleGg ljifodf cWoog ug{] ljBfyL{x?sf] ;+Vof ! xhf/ # ;o ^ /x]sf] 5 . ^ ;o @* hgf 5fq / ^ ;o &* 5fqf /x]sf] ljBfnodf ! ;o !& hgf blnt, #) hgf ckfËtf, !% hgf l;dfGts[ t afnaflnsfx?n] cWoog ul//x]sf 5g\ . ( j6f ejg /x]sf] pQm ljBfnodf #@ j6f sf]7fdf b}lgs k9fO{ x'g] u/]sf] 5 . @)&@ ;fnsf] e'sDk kl5 lgld{t ejgx?sf] tTsflng k|wfgdGqL s]kL zdf{ cf]nLn] pb\3f6g u/]sf lyP . ePsf dWo] % j6f ejg dfq} e'sDk k|lt/f]wfTds x'g\ . afnd}qL / l;sfO{ d}qL kmlg{r/ # ;o j6f 5g\ . vfg]kfgL, zf}rfno, v]nd}bfg ;lxt l;sfO{ ;fdfu|L ePsf] v]n ;lxtsf afnljsf; sIffx? klg ;+rfng 5g\ . ljBfyL{sf] cg'kftdf lzIfs ;+Vof sd 5 . :yfoL, c:yfoL, s/f/ tyf gLlh >f]tdf ;d]t u/L %# hgf lzIfs / !* hgf sd{rf/L sfo{/t /x]sf] ljBfnosf] l;sfO{ pknAwL a[l4 cf}ift @=* lhlkP /x]sf] 5 . ljBfno a; tyf cGo ;'ljwf

kof{Kt /x]sf] ljBfnodf z}lIfs ;'wf/sf nflu yk of]hgf tyf cleefjs lzIff nufotsf sfo{qmdx? eO{/x]sf 5g\ . @ ;o ^( lbg ljBfno v'n]sf]df @ ;o @) lbg dfWolds txdf k7gkf7g ePsf] 5 . cf}ift lzIf0f l;sfO{ ;do ! xhf/ %) 306f ;d]t /x]sf] 5 .

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aflif{sf]T;jsf] cj;/df gu/ k|d'v czf]s Aof~h'n] Oltxf; af]s]sf] ;~hLjgL lhNnfs} w]/} ljBfyL{nfO{ k7gkf7g u/fpg] ljBfnosf ?kdf dfq} geO{ u'0f:t/Lo tyf km/s wf/ / km/s Ifdtf ePsf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ ;d]t k7gkf7g u/fpg], Aoj;foLs ?kdf lzk k|bfg ug{] ljBfyL{ pTkfbg ug{], g}lts / rl/qjfg AolQm tof/ ug{] tyf bIf hgzlQm pTkfbg ul//x]sf] ljBfnosf ?kdf lrlgPsf] atfP . ljBfnosf] u'0f:t/ ;'wf/ ug{ cfjZos kg{] yk Aoj:yfkgsf nflu :yfgLo ;/sf/sf ?kdf gu/kflnsfn] cleefjsTj u|x0f ul//x]sf] gu/ k|d'v Aof~h'n] atfP . ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofks nf]s]Gb| 9sfnn] ljBfnosf] ;du| aflif{s k|ltj]bg k|:t't ub{} cfufdL lbgdf ljleGg If]qsf] ;xof]u, ;'emfj / of]hgf cg';f/ ljBfnosf] z}lIfs u'0f:t/nfO{ a[4L ug{] atfP . aflif{sf]T;jsf] cj;/df ^ hgf P;O{O{ plt{0f ljBfyL{x?nfO{ :j0f{ kbs ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] eg] * hgfnfO{ kbs tyf sb/ kq k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . ;xof]uLx?nfO{ ;Ddfg, e'k' lzIfsx?nfO{ ;Ddfg, @) jif{ eGbf w]/} ;]jf ug{] lzIfs, sd{rf/L tyf pTs[i6 lzIfsx?nfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . ljBfnosf n]vf tyf k|zf;g k|d'v >Lcf]d Aof~h'n] z}lIfs ;q @)&(÷@)*) sf] $ s/f]8 ^* nfv & xhf/ ! ;o ?k}ofsf] cfDbfgL vr{sf] ljj/0f k|:t't u/]sf lyP . lzIff ;dGjo OsfO{sf k|d'v b]jsf 9sfn, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf lzIff zfvf k|d'v ef]hs'df/ 7s'/L, lzIfs cleefjs ;+3sf cWoIf dx]Gb| zfxL nufotn] ljBfnon] k'¥ofPsf] z}lIfs of]ubfgsf af/]df rrf{ u/]sf lyP .

8f= jz+jbf sf}l08GGofogL cj:yf 5 . Tolta]nf /f0ffsfndf ePhltsf] ;sf/fTds ;f]r kl5 cfo'j]{bn] sd} k|fKt u/]sf] / To;sf nflu ;do ;dodf ljleGg ;+3if{x? ug{' k/]sf] Oltxf; 5Fb}5 . o;/L w]/} kl5;Dd klg cfo'j]{b oyfl:yltaf6 vf;} p7\g ;s]sf] kfOFb}g . kl/jlt{t b]z, sfn, kl/l:yltsf sf/0f cfo'j]{bs} l;4fGt / ljlwx?sf] cg's/0f ub}{, kl/is[t x'Fb} uPsf], lxKkf]qm]6;af6 z'? ePsf] cfw'lgs lrlsT;f k4lt jf Pnf]Koflys l;4fGtsf] e/k"/ k|rf/, k|;f/, lj:tf/ / cg';Gwfg ePsf] ;fy} /fHosf] k|fyldstfdf ;d]t kfl/Psf] sf/0f hgdfg;df o;sf] a9L k|efj kg{ uPsf] b]lvG5 eg] k|rf/k|;f/sf] cefj / /fHosf] pbf;Lgtf ;d]t ef]lu/x]sf] cfo'j]{b hgdfg;af6 cf]em]ndf /x]sf] b]lvG5./fi6«n] cGwfw'Gw ?kdf / PskIfLo ?kdf cfw'lgs kfZrfTo lrlsT;f k|0ffnLsf] dfq ljsf;–lj:tf/df hf]8 lbO{ /fi6«sf] df}lns lrlsT;fsf ?kdf /x]sf] / ;'bL3{ k/Dk/f af]s]sf] cfo'j]{b h:tf] lg/fkb, ;'ne / :jb]zL ;|f]taf6 k|bfg ug{ ;lsg] lrlsT;f k4ltnfO{ pk]Iff ug]{ u/]sf] tYo b'Mvk"0f{ 5 . cfhsf] ;dodf g]kfnLx? k"jL{o ;+:sf/sf] nf]k tyf c1fgsf sf/0fn] / cfˆgf ;+:s[ltsf] j}lzi6\o, pTs[i6tf / dxTj ga'em]/ kfZrfTo ;+:s[lt, e]ife"iff, vfgkfg / hLjgz}nLdf cfslif{t x'Fb} uPsf] b]lvG5 h'g 3fts tyf zf]rgLo 5 . cfˆgf] ;a} g/fd|f] / csf{sf] ;a} /fd|f] eGg] k|j[lQn] h/f uf8\b} uPsf] b]lvG5 . kfZrfTox?åf/f s'g} ;dodf nflbPsf] cg'Tkfbs, lg?BdL, kl7t d"v{ / a]/f]huf/x?sf] eL8 tof/ kfg]{ lzIff cfh;Dd klg xfdL af]s]/ lxFl8/x]s} 5f}+ . o:tf] cj:yfdf cfˆgf ;+:s[lt, ;+:sf/ / 1fgx?sf] e08f/sf ?kdf /x]sf pTs[i6 ljBfaf6 g]kfnL ;dfh jl~rt /xL cgle1 x'g k'u]sf] b]lvG5 . k/Dk/fut ?kdf kfnfk'vf{af6 x:tfGtl/t x'Fb} cfPsf] ljlzi6 1fg cfw'lgs elgPsf] oxL lzIffkl/kf6Lsf sf/0f n'Kt x'g yfn]sf] k|tLt x'G5 . olt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg cfo'j]{b lrlsT;f cf}iflw / cfxf/–ljxf/–cfrf/ OToflb lgodx?sf] pTs[i6tfn] ubf{ / cGo lrlsT;f k4ltsf] kfZj{k|efj / Ifl0fs k|efjn] cfqmfGt hgdfg;df k'gM cfo'j]{b k|lt rf;f] hfUg yfn]sf] cg'e"lt eg] x'G5 g} . b]z ;+3Lotfdf uPkZrft\ k|b]z ;/sf/x?n] pNn]vgLo ?kdf ah]6 tyf sfo{qmdx?sf] Joj:yf u/L cfhsf] cj:yfdf cfOk'Ubf cfo'j]{bn] k'gM nfdf] km8\sf] dfg{ sf]l;; ul//fv]sf] cj:yf 5 . :yfgLo ;/sf/n] klg cfo'j]{bsf :jf:Yo;]jf yk ug{ / cem ljsf; tyf lj:tf/ ug{ tTk/tf b]vfpg]5 eGg] ck]Iff ug{ ;lsG5 . ;fy} cfo'j]{b lrlsT;sx? tyf ljz]ifu/L cfw'lgs lrlsT;fsf lrlsT;sx?n] klg Ps csf{sf lrlsT;f k4ltk|lt ;lxi0f' alglbg Pj+ ljgfk|df0f, tYo ga'emL nf~5gf nufpg] / la/fdLx?nfO{ lbUe|ldt ug]{ sfd gul/lbg'x'g ;d]t xflb{s cfu|x ub{5' . ho cfo'j]{b . cfo'j]{b lrlsT;s -Pd= 8L= sfolrlsT;f Email- vashamvada@gmail.com, -xfn sfo{/tM lhNnf cfo'j]{b :jf:Yo s]Gb|, ag]kf–%, sfe|]_

cIf/dfu{sf] aflif{sf]T;jdf >i6fx? ;Ddflgt kgf}tL÷sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfsf] kgf} t Ldf :yfkgf ePsf] cIf/dfu{ n ] aflif{sf]T;jsf] cj;/ kf/L & >i6fnfO{ ;Ddfg ub{} k':ts nf]sfk{0f u/]sf] 5 . cIf/dfu{sf] tkm{af6 ;flxlTos q}dfl;s klqsf ;d]t k|sfzg x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . aflif{sf]T;jsf] cj;/df >|i6fx? gub]Gb|/fh zdf{, ;gt /]lUd, s]=s] sdf{rfo{, ufoqL >]i7, >Ls[i0f dx{hg, ;'eb|f aDhg / 8f=uf]kfn kf}8\ofn …d08g]Ú nfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . gu]Gb|/fh zdf{n] ;flxTosf/ w|'j{s[i0f tfd|fsf/åf/f dftf lktfsf] :d[ltdf :yfkgf ul/Psf] s[i0f;'g cIf/dfu{ kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/ k|fKt u/]sf lyP . /]lUdn] >L/fd cIf/dfu{ k'/:sf/ k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . pQm k'/:sf/ g]kfnL :jlu{of hutdfof sdf{rfo{n] cfˆgf klt slj >L/fd sdf{rfo{sf] :d[ltdf :yfkgf u/]sL x'g\ .

To:t} sdf{rfo{n] lji0f'x]d cIf/dfu{ al/i7 ;fws ;Ddfg k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . ;flxTosf/ ;'o{k|;fb nfsf]h'n] cfˆgf lktf lji0f'k|;fb nfsf]h' / dftf x]ddfof nfsf]h'sf] :d[ltdf :yfkgf u/]sf lyP . To:t} ufoqL >]i7n] g/axfb'/ cIf/dfu{ k'/:sf/ k|fKt u/]sL lyO{g\ . pQm k'/:sf/ sfe|] ;]jf ;dfhsf ;+:yfks cWoIf k|Nxfb s];Ln] cfkm\gf lktf g/axfb'/ s];Lsf] :d[ltdf :yfkgf u/]sf lyP . >Ls[i0f dxh{gn] s[i0fbf; cIf/dfu{ k'/:sf/ k|fKt u/]sf x'g\ . pQm k'/:sf/ lzIff;]jL /fh]zs'df/ >]i7n] lktf s[i0fbf; >]i7sf] :d[ltdf :yfkgf u/]sf lyP . To:t} ;'eb|f aDhgn] w|'jld/f cIf/dfu{ ld/fh k'/:sf/ k|fKt u/]sL l5g\ . pQm k'/:sf/ n]vs w'|j{gf/fo0f hf]G5]n] >LdtLsf gfddf :yfkgf u/]sf lyP . To:t} 8f=uf]kfn kf}8]nn] e/t/fh cIf/dfu{ k'/:sf/ k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . pQm k'/:sf/ pQd dxtn] lktf ;flxTosf/ e/t/fh dxtsf] :d[ltdf :yfkgf u/]sf lyP . cIf/dfu{sf cWoIf tyf ;flxTosf/ ;'o{k|;fb nfsf]h'sf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf g]kfn ;flxTos kqsf/ ;+3sf cWoIf tyf al/i7 ;flxTosf/ df]xg b'jfn, g]kfn >i6f ;dfhsf cWoIf cf]d >]i7, ljho/fd sdf{rfo{ nufot ;Ddflgt >i6fx?n] g]kfnL ;flxTo / kl5Nnf] k':tfsf] cfs{if0f tyf ;flxlTos If]qdf b]lvPsf ;d:of tyf r'gf}tLsf af/]df wf/0ff /fv]sf lyP .

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knfog xg'] qmd a9s ] fn] af:tljs sl[if / si[fsx?;Dd cfOk{U'g] u/L cgb'fg tyf ;xofu] x:tfGt/0f ug{ sl7g /xs ] f] kj"{ dGqL af:sf6]fn] atfP . sfo{qmddf clvn g]kfn ls;fg dxf;+3sf s]lGb|o ;b:o ljb'/ x'dfufO{n] s[ifsx?sf tdfd ;d:ofdf /fHo pbfl;g aGb} uPsf] atfP . …pTkfbg ug{ /f;folgs dn 5}g, cg'bfgsf] s'/f 5f8\bf klg pTkfbg eP kl5 ljqmL / ahf/ 5}gÚ–s]lGb|o ;b:o x'dfufO{n] eg]–…g s[lifdf pTkfbgsf] d'No 5 . g kz'kfngaf6 s[ifsn] nfe lng ;s] .Ú sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfnfO{ k|fKt x'g] cg'bfgsf] dn ;d]t k~rfotsflng sf]6faf6 ePsf] atfpFb} x'dfufO{n] Tolta]nf Ps k6s Ps l;hgdf x'g] pTkfbg clxn] !@ dlxgf g} x'Fbf ;d]t cj:yf Pp6} ePsf] atfP . /f;folgs dn, k|ljlw tyf cg'bfgdf ;dfg'kflts ljt/0f gx'Fbf s[ifsx? ;d:ofdf k/]sf] pgn] atfP . s[lif pkh e08f/0f ug{ ;Sg] sf]N8 :6f]/, /fHosf lgsfosf] ;+/If0f tyf ;xof]u x'g g;s]sf] pgn] atfP . sfo{qmddf g]skf Pdfn] ag]kf gu/ sld6L cWoIf /Tgs'z /l~htsf/n]

s[ifsx?sf nflu pTkfbg / pTkfbg kl5sf] ;xh ahf/sf nflu tLg txs} ;/sf/af6 gLlt ;lxtsf sfo{qmd nfu' ul/g' kg{] atfP . ag]kf gu/kflnsf pkk|d'v ;lxt /x]sL cg]d;+3 sfe| ] s L cWoIf ljdnf ;fksf] 6 fn] s[ifsx?nfO{ ljt/0f ul/g] cg'bfg ;lx 7fpFdf x'g g;s]sf] atfO{g\ . ag]kf gu/kflnsfdf Pdfn]s} kxndf ;a} s[ifsx?n] kfn]sf kz'x?sf] lgMz'Ns ljdf z'? ul/Psf] atfpFb} ;fksf]6fn] ls;fgnfO{ ljt/0fd'vL eGbf pTkfbgd'vL sfo{df ;+nUg ug{] u/L sfo{qmd z'? ul/Psf] atfO{g\ . ag]kfnfO{ cfjZos dfqfdf /f;folgs dnsf] sf]6f gePsf] atfpFb} ;fksf]6fn] tTsfn To;sf] k'g{alu{s/0f ug{ cg'/f]w u/]sf] atfO{g\ . sfo{qmddf Pdfn]sf afudtL k|b]z sld6L ;b:ox? xl/z/0f bfxfn, s'df/ ltdlN;gf, lhNnf sld6L ;lrjfno ;b:o /fdz/0f bfxfn, j8f cWoIfx?, clvn g]kfn ls;fg dxf;+3 lhNnf ;lrj d's'Gb nfld5fg], k'j{ j8f cWoIfx? tyf hgk|ltlglwx?, gu/ sld6Lsf kbflwsf/Lx?, j8f sld6Lsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf af]Nb} lhNnf cWoIf Zofd;'Gb/ rf}nfufO{n] lhNnfsf ;a} s[ifsx? ;+ul7t ub{} s[ifsx?sf] lxtsf nflu ;dGjosf/L e"ldsf v]Nb} /fHosf lgsfonfO{ va/bf/L ;d]t ul/Psf] atfP . tTsfn} ;+u7gsf ;a} sld6Lx? s[oflzn agfpbF} s[ifsx? yk ;+ul7t u/fpbF} uPsf] cWoIf rf}nfufO{n] atfP . sfo{qmd lhNnf sf]iffWoIf dg/fh dxtn] ;+rfng u/]sf lyP . ;Dd]ngsf] aGb ;qn] /]jtLk|;fb bfxfnsf] cWoIftfdf sld6L u7g ePsf] 5 . sld6Ldf pkfWoIf gj/fh >]i7, ;rLj lagf]b bfxfn, ;x–;lrj uf]lkgL x'dfufO{ / l8NnLk|;fb b'nfn tyf sf]iffWoIf pQ/s'df/ ;'j]bL /x]sf 5g\ . To:t} ;b:ox?df cleif]s vqL, rG› dfgGw/, 1fg' cfn] du/, /d]z yfkfdu/, s]bf/ yfkf, ozf]bf vqL, u+uf zdf{, lutf a:g]t, /d]z l3ld/], /fdx/L bfxfn / 1fg' ldhf/ /x]sf 5g\ .

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bfKrf÷afn pHjn dfWolds ljBfnosf] %( cf} jflifs { pT;a ;df/fx] gdfa]4 ' gu/kflnssf gu/ kd|v ' sG';fGª nfdfsf] kd|v ' cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . k|d'v cltyL nfdfn] gu/df z}lIfs u'0f:t/ tyf ;+VofTds lx;fadf ;d]t pQm ljBfno gu/s} bf]:f|f] :yfgdf /x]sfn] cem} d]xgt u/L k|yd aGg ;'emfa lbP . ljBfnodf ef}lts ca:yf / lzIfs b/aGbL gk'u ePsfn] cfufdL z}lIfs ;qaf6 lzIfs b/aGbL yKg] 3f]if0ff u/]sf lyP . ;fy} gu/ k|d'v nfdfn] ef}lts lgdf0f{nfO{ /sd yKg] k|lta4tf u/]sf lyP . gu/n] ug{ ;Sg] ;a} ;'lawf lbG5 t/ z}lIfs u'0f:t/df lzIfsx?n] s'g} sld x'g glbg cfu|x u/]sf lyP . nfdfn] ljBfyL{x?nfO{ k|fljlws / s[lif lzIff k|bfg u/L s[lif gu/, ;'Gtnf ks]6 If]q agfpg ;a} j8f sfof{no, gu/kflnsf / gu/af;L nfUg' kg{] nfdfn] atfP . nfdfn] cfufdL cfly{s jif{df gu/nfO{ s[lif If]qdf cem} gofF of]hgf NofO{ s[ifsx?sf] cfo:t/ psf:g] atfP . sfo{qmddf ljBfno Aoa:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf tyf j8f gDa/ !) sf j8f cWoIf /fds[i0f clwsf/Ln] w]/} ;3+if{af6 ljBfnonfO{ pQm :yfgdf Nofpg ;kmn ePsf] atfP . cem} ljBfnodf lzIfs b/aGbL ck' ePsf], ejg cefjsf ljr klg gu/df ;VofTds / u'0ffTds lx;fan] bf];|f] eP klg gd'gf ljBfno agfpg] cleofgdf /x]sf] cWoIf

lzj dlGb/ lgdf{0f ;lsPsf] 5 . a'4 kfs{df yk sfo{ eO{/x]sf] 5 . EofG8f]n ;'jfn6f]n ;8s sfnf]kq] x'bF}5 . cl3Nnf] jif{ c3f]/L afaf dfudf ;8s 9nfg ;lsPsf] 5 . eujtL dfu{df gd'gf al:t lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? ePsf] 5 . af}lbs dfu{sf ?kdf ax'jlif{o of]hgf sl/8f]/df k|f/De ePsf] 5 . sf7df8f} ljZjljBfnosf] u]6 b]lv >Lv08k'/ hf]8\g] ;8s 9nfg x'Fb}5 . 5fk ufpdFf klg ;8s 9nfg sfo{ z'? ePsf] 5 . 5fkufpdF} lsl/ofk'qL ejg 6«i6 lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 .

EofG8f]ndf ;fd'bflos ejg lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 . gu/kflnsfn] w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ $ sf ;a} 3/df l8lh6n gDj/ Kn]6 6fF; u/]sf] 5 . h;sf sf/0f 3/sf] x/]s ljj/0f So' cf/ sf]8 dfkm{t ;xh} kQf nufpg ;lsg]5 . gful/sx?sf] hLjg :t/ psf:g] u/L s[lifdf k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f tyf l;k d'ns tflndnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{Psf] 5 . /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o cleofgdf j8fn] ;lqmo ;xeflutf hgfPsf] 5 . gful/sx?sf] :jf:YonfO{ Wofg lbb} lgz'Ns lzlj/ cfof]hgf ug{], lgoldt kl/If0fnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg], cf}ifwL pknAw u/fpg] tyf gful/sx?sf] :jf:Yosf af/]df hfgsf/L /fVg] / ;xof]u tyf ;dGjo ug{] sfo{ eO{/x]sf] cWoIf pQdk|;fb ltdlN;gfn] atfP .

cf;kf; klSs ;8s, ;/;kmfO{ , gful/sx?sf] :jf:Yo, lzIff, s[lif, ko{6g, kfs{, dlGb/, 9n tyf vfg]kfgLsf ljifodf j8f sfof{non] lgoldt sfd ul//x]sf] cWoIf ltdlN;gfn] atfP . @)&$–@)&( j8f ;b:o x'bF} @)&( df j8f cWoIf lgjf{lrt ePsf ltdlN;gfn] j8f leq ePsf clwsf+z ;8sx?nfO{ kSsL agfpg] cleofg lta| agfPsf 5g\ . h;cGt{ut ( ;o %) ld6/ ;8s 9nfg eO{;s]sf] 5 eg] # ;o %) ld6/ ;8sdf u|fe]n ul/Psf] 5 . ^ ;o ^% ld6/ ;8s gofF 6«ofs vf]lnPsf] 5 . sl/8f]/ ;8ssf ?kdf pQm 6«ofs lgdf{0f ul/Psf] cWoIf ltdlN;gfn] atfP . af;F3f/Ldf /x]sf] afns'df/L dfu{df 9nfg ul/Psf] 5 eg] ;'jfn 6f]ndf Ps j8f Ps gd'gf 6f]n sfo{qmd z'? ul/Psf] 5 . af;F3f/Laf6 w'lnv]n c:ktfn hf]l8g] ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? ul/Psf] 5 . aun 6f]ndf 9n lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . afF ; 3f/Ldf g} ^)÷$) cjwf/0ff cg'?k jfn lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . rfn' jif{sf nflu j8fdf ljlgof]hg ePsf ^) k|ltzt of]hgf ;DkGg eO{;s]sf 5g\ . eujtL dfu{df lzj dlGb/ lgdf{0f sfo{ k|f/De ePsf] 5 . cfsfzb]jL dlGb/ lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . j8fd} csf{]

C0fLx?nfO{ shf{ r'Qmf ;DaGwL !% lbg] ;"rgf ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!).!*

clwsf/Ln] atfP . sfo{qmddf ljBfnosf] jflif{s k|lta]bg k|wfgfWofks gf/fo0feQm >]i7n] k|:t't u/]sf lyP . >]i7n] ljBfnodf @)^& ;fnaf6 P;Pn;L tyf P;O{O{df ;xeflu eO{ pTs[i6 glthf Nofpg ;kmn x'Fb} cfPsf], xfn sIff !@ ;Dd cWofkg x'Fb} cfPsf] / $ ;o *% hgf ljBfyL{ x ?n] cWoog ul//x] s f] , ljBfnodf k':tsfno, lj1fg k|of]uzfnf /x]sf] atfP . dflj b/aGbL # j6f dfq} ePsf], ljifout z}lIfs hgzlQm cefj /x]sf], kof{Kt ejgsf] cefjsf ljr u'0f:t/Lo lzIff k|bfg ub{}{ cfPsf] pgn] atfP . ljBfnon] cfufdL z}lIfs;q af6 s[lif k|fljlws lzIffnfO{ hf]8 lbO{ u'0f:t/ lzIff k|bfg ug{] atfP . sfo{qmddf

gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v k|zf;lso clws[t O{Zj/Lk|;fb zdf{, lzIff zfvf clws[t a'l4/fh cof{n, j8f gDa/ ! b]vL !! ;Ddsf j8f cWoIfx?, hgs ax'd'vL SofDk;sf SofDk; k|d'v xl/x/ clwsf/L, O{Gb|]0fL ;+:s[tL ;dfhsf cWoIf s[i0f sF8]n, ljleGg ;+ 3 ;:yfsf k| l tlglwx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ljleGg bftfx?n] :yfkgf u/] s f] cIfosf] i faf6 pTs[ i 6 ljBfyL{x?nfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf O{Gb|]0fL ;+:s[lt ;dfhn] ljz]if ;fF:s[lts k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmd ljBfno Aoj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf /fds[i0f clwsf/L pkfWofosf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

\ag]kf–&, sfe|], kmf]g g+ M– )!!–^^!%!%

C0f r'Qmf ug{ cfpg] af/] & lbg] clGtd ;'rgf t];|f] k6s k|sflzt @)*)÷!)÷!* o; ;+:yfsf tkl;ndf pNn]lvt C0fL ;b:ox?n]] o; ;+:yfaf6 lng'ePsf] C0f e'QmfgL ldlt ;dfKt eO{ C0f r'Qmf ug{ k6s k6s df}lvs lnlvt tfs]tf u/]sf] ;f] ;DaGwdf ldlt @)*) d+l;/ )& ut] r]i6f ;fKtflxs klqsfdf #% lbg] ;"rgf / ldlt @)*) kf}if !( r]i6f ;fKtflxs klqsfdf @! lbg] ;"rgf k|sfzg ubf{ klg o; ;+:yfdf ltg{ afFsL /sd a'emfpg gcfpg' ePsf] x'gfn] C0f r'Qmf ug{ cfpg] af/] & lbg] of] ;'rgf k|sfzg ul/Psf] 5 . o; ;do ;Ldf leq ;+:yfdf ltg{ a'emfpg afFsL /sd e'Qmfg ug{ cfpg' xf]nf cGoyf ;xsf/L P]g, lgodfjnL tyf cGo k|rlnt sfg'gn] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L sfg'gL sf/jfxL ul/g] 5 . tkl;n

tkl;ndf pNN]lvt C0fLx?n] o; ag]kf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=af6 laleGg lzif{s cGtu{t shf{ lnO{ ;f] shf{sf] ;fFaf, Jofh glt/L afls aSof}tf /fv]sf]n] ;f] afls aSof}tf a'emfpg Nofpg' egL k6s k6s lnlvt tyf df}lvs ?kdf cg'/f]w ubf{ klg j]jf:tf u/L a:g'ePsf]n] ;+:yfsf] sfof{nodf pkl:yt eO{ cfk"mn] lnPsf] shf{sf] afls aSof}tf a'emfpg Nofpg' x'g tkl;nsf C0fLx?sf] gfddf of] #% -k}tL; lbg]_ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #%-k}tL;_ lbg leq o; ;+:yfsf] sfof{nodf pkl:yt eO{ cfkm"n] lnPsf] shf{sf] afls aSof}tf ltg{ , a'emfpg cfpg' jf ltl/a'emfO{ ;s]sf] eP ;f] sf] k|df0f k]z ug{ cfpg' xf]nf . of] ;"rgf adf]lhd cfk"mn] lnPsf] shf{sf] afls aSof}tf ltg{ , a'emfpg cfpg' jf ltl/a'emfO{ ;s]sf] eP ;f]sf] k|df0f k]z ug{ cfpg' ePg eg] tkl;ndf pNn]lvt C0fLx?, JolQmut tyf wghdfgL lbg] JolQmx? pk/ ;xsf/L P]g @)&$ ,;xsf/L lgodfjnL @)&% ,cGo k|rlnt sfg'g tyf o; ;+:yfsf] shf{ c;'nL lgod adf]lhd sfg'gL sfj{fxL jf lwtf] lnnfd lalqm u/L ;f] df nfu]sf] vr{ ;lxt afls aSof}tf c;'n pk/ ul/g] 5 . JolQmut tyf wghdfgL lwtf] lnnfd lalqmaf6 afls aSof}tf /sd k'/} c;'n pk/ geO{ gk'u ePdf gk'u /sd tkl;nsf C0fL jf lghx?sf] Psf;uf]nsf c+lzof/sf] gfpFdf /x]sf] cGo hfoh]yfaf6 klg c;'n pk/ ul/g] 5 . ;fy} tkl;ndf pNn]lvt hdfgL stf{n] :jod\ ;+:yfdf pkl:yt eO hdfgt lbg] sfuh ul/lbg' ePsf] x'bfF oxf hdfgLstf{n] ;d]t pk/f]Qm Joxf]/f cjut u/L ;"rgfsf] Dofb leq ;+:yfnfO{ ltg{ a'emfpg kg]{ /sd e'QmfgL ug{ kxn ul/lbg'x'g cg'/f]w ul/G5 . cGoyf ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] /sd sfg'gL k|lqmof ckgfO}{ c;'n ug'{sf ;fy} txfF nfO{ klg k|rlnt lgod adf]lhd shf{ ;'rgf s]Gb|df ;dfj]z ul/g] Joxf]/f ;d]t o;} ;'rgf dfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fOG5 .

tkl;n

s_ xfo{/kr]{h shf{ C0fLsf] gfd / 7]ufgf gfdM /fh]z s'df/ >]i7 afa'sf] gfdM lx/f sfhL >]i7 afh]sf] gfd M ;Gtnfn >]i7 7]ufgf M ag]kf–!), sfe]| gf=k|=g=M %%)^( hf/L ldlt M @)^$÷)(÷)! lh=k|=sf= M sfe]| knf~rf]s lwtf] /flvPsf] ;Dklt laa/0f l;=g+= Uff8L g+= OGhLg g+= 9a62727790 != af=@v $(*# v_ Jofkf/Ls shf{ C0fLsf] gfd / 7]ufgf gfdM ljzfn >]i7 afa'sf] gfd M j}s'07n >]i7 afh]sf] gfd M /fwfs[i0f >]i7 7]ufgf M ag]kf –!),sfe]| gf=k|=g=M (@*!$ ldlt M @)%&÷)^÷!) lh=k|=sf= M sfe]| knf~rf]s

C0fLsf] ltg k':t] ljj/0f

hdfgLsf] ljj/0f

lwtf] /x]sf] ;DklQ ljj/0f

C0fLsf] kmf]6f]

hdfgLsf] kmf]6f]

gfnf uf=la=; j8f g+ )( sfe|]knf~rf]s lsQf g+ – !@&!

If]=km– !–*–)–) &^!=!! ju{ ld6/

C0fLsf] gfd– af;' yfkf afh]sf] gfd – s[i0f Wjh yfkf a'afsf] gfd – e}/a axfb'/ yfkf 7]ufgf M /ljcf]kL uf=la=; j8f g+ – )& sfe]| xfn 7]ufgf M ag]kf g=kf j8f g+ )% sfe]|knf~rf]s

gfd M dfOnL yfkf ;;'/fsf]] gfd – e}/a axfb'/ yfkf klt gfd – af;' yfkf 7]ufgf M /ljcf]kL uf=la=; j8f g+ –)% sfe]| xfn 7]ufgf M ag]kf g=kf j8f g+ )% sfe]|knf~rf]s

C0fLsf] kmf]6f]

hdfgLsf] kmf]6f]

C0fLsf] gfd / 7]ufgf gfdM ;[hgf tfdfª kltsf] gfdM cfOt l;+ tfdfª ;;'/fsf] gfd Mk|]d axfb'/ tfdfª 7]ufgf M dxfªsfn rf}/ ,$,sfe]| gf=k|=g=M #)#)^%÷@#$ hf/L ldlt M @)^#÷!)÷!^ lh=k|=sf= M sfe]| knf~rf]s

gfd M af;' yfkf afh]sf] gfd – s[i0f Wjh yfkf a'afsf] gfd – e}/a axfb'/ yfkf 7]ufgf M /ljcf]kL uf=la=; j8f g+ – )& sfe]| xfn 7]ufgf M ag]kf g=kf j8f g+ )% sfe]|knf~rf]s

C0fLsf] gfd / 7]ufgf gfdM cfOt] tfdfª kltsf] gfdM x:taxfb'/ + tfdfª ;;'/fsf] gfd Ml;/]?Daf tfdfª 7]ufgf M dxfªsfn rf}/ ,$,sfe]| gf=k|=g=M #)#)^%÷@#$ hf/L ldlt M @)^#÷!)÷!^ lh=k|=sf= M sfe]| knf~rf]s

hdfgLstf{ sf] gfd / 7]ufgf gfdM uf}td dfgGw/ afa'sf] gfdM ldqnfn dfgGw/ afh]sf] gfd M rGb| aL/ dfgGw/ 7]ufgf Mag]kf –&,|-xfn –!)_sfe] gf=k|=g=M %^!)^ ldlt M @)%@÷)@÷@# lh=k|=sf= M sfe]| knf~rf]s

Rofl;; g+=

ag]sf] ;fn

df]8]n

412052AQZ100963

2009

LP1512/42

hdfgLstf{ sf] gfd / 7]ufgf gfd M ;+uLtf v'Kkf >]i7 kltsf] gfd M ljzfn >]i7 ;;'/fsf] gfd M j}s'07n >]i7 7]ufgf M ag]kf –!) sfe]| gf=k|=g=M ldlt M lh=k|=sf= M

Uf_ Jofkfl/s shf{ C0fLsf] gfd / 7]ufgf gfdM clgtf v8\sf pkfWofo kltsf] gfdM lbg]z pkfWofo ;;'/fsf] gfd Mlai0f' pkfWofo 7]ufgf M ag]kf$, sfe]| gf=k|=g=M #)–)!–^(–)*!$! hf/L ldlt M @)^(÷)*÷!* lh=k|=sf= M sfe]| knf~rf]s

hdfgLstf{ sf] gfd / 7]ufgf

3_ n3'ljQ shf{ hdfgLstf{ sf] gfd / 7]ufgf gfd M kltsf] gfd M ;;'/fsf] gfd M 7]ufgf M gf=k|=g=M ldlt M lh=k|=sf= M

ª_ n3'ljQ shf{ C0fLsf] gfd– uf]df /fO{ afh]sf] gfd – e}/a axfb'/ yfkf a'afsf] gfd – af;' yfkf 7]ufgf M /ljcf]kL uf=la=; j8f g+ – )& sfe]| xfn 7]ufgf M ag]kf g=kf j8f g+ )% sfe]|knf~rf]s

/+u /ftf], ;'Gtnf, ;]tf]

hdfgLstf{ sf] gfd / 7]ufgf gfd M kltsf] gfd M ;;'/fsf] gfd M 7]ufgf M gf=k|=g=M ldlt M lh=k|=sf= M

sDkgL 6f6f

#

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

w'lnv]ndf !$ cf}+ ljw]os clwa]zg – tLg ljw]os l:js[t

w'lnv]n÷w'lnv]n w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] gu/ ;efsf] rf}wf}+ clwj]zg ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ljw]os clwa]zgsf ?kdf /x]sf] gu/ ;efn] tLgj6f gofF ljw]os ;j{;Djtn] kf; u/]sf] 5 eg] Pp6f ljw]os ;+zf]wg u/]sf] 5 . gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v tyf ;ef cWoIf czf]s AofGh'sf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ;edf w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] ejgdf ph{f k|efjsfl/tf sfod ug{] ;DaGwL dfkb08 @)*) ljw]os, gu/kflnsfsf] ejg lgd{f0f

dfkb08 @)*) ljw]os cWoIf ch{'g Gof}kfg]n] k]z u/]sf lyP . To:t} gu/kflnsfsf] ljlQo ;fIf/tf /0fgLlt @)*)–@)*% ljw]os j8f cWoIf gf/fo0fk|;fb j8fnn] k|:t't u/]sf lyP . gu/kflnsfsf] ;+:yf btf{ ;DaGwL P]g, @)&% k|yd ;+zf]wgsf nflu ag]sf] ljw]os @)*) j8f cWoIf ljgf]b uf}tdn] k|:t't u/]sf lyP . tLgj6f gofF / Pp6f ;+zf]lwt ljw]os ;j{;Ddtn] kf; ePsf] ;ef ;lrj tyf k|d'v k|zf;lso clws[t ;'/]Gb| yfkf

/fwf s[i0f la:s'6 O{G8l:6«hn] u¥of] e'sDk kLl8tnfO{ ;xof]u ag]kf÷@)*) sflt{s !& ut] /flt hfh/sf] 6 lhNnfsf] af/sf] 6 ufFpkflnsfdf s]Gb|ljGb' eO{ uPsf] ljgfzsf/L e' s Dkdf k/L kLl8t ePsfx?nfO{ sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfdf /x]sf] pBf]u /fwfs[i0f lj:s'6 O{08l:6«hn] ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . pBf]usf ;+rfns lblnks'df/ >]i7n] kLl8tx?nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ kfpFbf v'zL nfu]sf] atfP . w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ % >Lv08k'/ sfe|]df /x]sf] pQm /fwf s[i0f lj:s'6 O{G8l:6«hn] % nfv a/fa/sf] lj:s'6 / Anfªs]6 lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no hfh/sf]6df uP/ x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] xf] . k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L z' / ] ; ;' g f/nfO{ O{G8l:6«hsf Aoa:yfks hLjg a:g]tn] ;fdfu|L x:tfGt/0f u/]sf lyP . o; cl3 klg

du/n] hfgsf/L lbP . ;efsf] z'Go ;dodf ;b:ox?n] p7fPsf ljsf; lgdf{0f tyf hghLljsfsf ;jfnsf ;Gbe{df gu/ ;ef cWoIf czf]s Aof~h'n] hjfkm lbPsf lyP . w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfn] lbuf] ljsf; nIosf nflu u/]sf] of]ubfg tyf gful/sd}qL ;]jfnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg v]n]sf] e"ldsfsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpFb} gu/ k|d'v tyf ;ef cWoIf czf]s Aof~h'n] gful/sx?sf x/]s cfjZostf k'/f ug{] u/L :yfgLo ;/sf/sf sfo{qmdx? s]lGb|t ul/g' kg{] atfP . ;+3 / k|b]z ;/sf/sf bfloTj / lhDd]jf/L ;dod} k'/f gx'Fbf :yfgLo ;/sf/ k|lt gful/sx?n] x]g{] b[li6sf]0f km/s ePsf] atfpFb} gu/ k|d'v Aof~h'n] clwsf/ If]q x:tIf]k ug{ klg sl7g x'g] bfloTj klg k'/f gug{] cj:yfsf sf/0f gu/afl;x?n] s]lx s]lx ljifodf c;xhtf dx;'; u/]sf] atfP . ;efdf pkk|d'v lg/fhg h+udn] cw{ jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg k|:t't u/]sf lyP .

jif{ #) c+s !# @)*) df3 !* ut] ljxLjf/

lkk'N; ;fsf];sf] rf}yf}+ sfo{s'zntf tyf l;sfO{ Joj:yfkg sfo{zfnf ;DkGg ag]kf÷lkk'N; art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf lnld6]8sf] cfof]hgf Pj+ Joj:yfkgdf ;fsf];sf cWoIf cWoIf lg/g zfSosf] cWoIftfdf k"0f{ tyf Jofj;flos ;fsf]; ljsf; sfo{qmd (PROBATION)sf] afUdtL kfFrf} ;d'xsf] rf}yf] sfo{s'zntf tyf l;sfO{ Joj:yfkg sfo{zfnf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sfo{ z fnfdf g] k m\ : s" g sf sf]iffWoIf lbks yfkfsf] k|d'v cfltYotf /x]sf] lyof] . k|d'v cltyL yfkfn] /fli6«o ;xsf/L a}+s dfly To;kl5 g]ˆ:s"g c/j dfq geO v/adf sf/f]af/ ug{ ;Sg] aGg' kg{] / 7"nf kl/of]hgfdf nufgL ug{ ;Sg] x'g'kg{] tyf ;xsf/Ln] ;b:osf] cfly{s s[ofsnfkdf 7"nf] 6]jf lbPsf] atfPsf lyP . ;xsf/Lx?n] ;b:ox?nfO{ cfly{s ;Fu} k|ljlwtkm{ / /f]huf/ d'ns tflnd k|bfg ug{'kg{] yfkfn] atfP . ca ;xsf/Ln]

sfe|] O{·ln; dflj kgf}tLsf] @% cf} /ht hoGtLsf cj;/df ;Ktfx AofkL sfo{qmd

O{G8l:6«hsf] tkm{af6 ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj cGt{ut ljleGg :yfgdf ;xof]u pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] Aoj:yfks hLjg a:g]tn] hfgsf/L lbP .

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL hGdM @))#.$.@%

:juf{/f]x0fM @)*).!).)(

:j= cfzfsfhL j}B o; ;d'xsf ;xof]uL / z'elrGts uf]kfn a}B, s[i0f uf]kfn a}B / xl/uf]kfn a}Bsf k"hgLo lktf cfzfsfhL a}Bsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ zf]szGtfKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf JoQm ub{5f}F .

>L dfO{ r08]Zj/L k'm·f lx6L b}lgs :gfg ;d"x, ag]kf

kgf}tL÷sfe|] OËln; dfWolds ljBfnon]] a'waf/ lhNnf :t/Lo cGt/ ljBfno Psn k'?if 6]an 6]lg; k|ltof]lutf ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . lhNnfsf kRrL; j6f ljBfno ;xefuL pQm k|ltof]lutfdf k|yd 1fg ;/f]j/ dfWolds ljBfno ag]kfsf 5fq z/b sd{frfo{ ePsf 5g\ . To;} u/L låtLo ;/:jtL s'~h af]l8{ª :s'n kgf}tLsf 5fq b]j zfxL / t[tLo >L/fd dflj vf]kf;Lsf 5fq lj/]G› tfdfª ePsf 5g\ . sfo{qmddf ljleGg :yfg xfl;n ug{ ;kmn 5fqx?nfO{ k|d'v cltly lhNnf v]ns'b ljsf; ;ldlt sfe|]sf cWoIf dfgjL/ jfOjfn] k'/:sf/ ljt/0f u/]sf lyP . k|d'v cltyL jfOjfn] ljBfyL{?nfO{ df]afOn kmf]g tyf ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] k|of]uaf6 lgl:sP/ v]ns"bdf nfUg cfu|x u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf lhNnf KofA;g sfe|]sf cWoIf Zofd e'h]nn] v]ns'bn] ljBfyL{sf] ;fdflhsLs/0fdf k|ToIf ?kdf ;sf/fTds e"ldsf v]Ng] atfP . ljBfnosf k|frfo{ a;Gt/fh g]kfnn] ljBfnosf] klRr;f}+ :yfkgf lbj;sf] cj;/df

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL hGdM @))#.)$.@%

:juf{/f]x0fM @)*).!).)(

o; t'F5] j}B kl/jf/sf sf]iffWoIf uf]kfn a}B Pj+ cfTdLo efO{x? s[i0fuf]kfn j}B / xl/uf]kfn j}Bsf k'hgLo lktf Pj+ t'F5] j}B kl/jf/sf cfb/0fLo ;Nnfxsf/ cfzfsfhL a}B cfWoflTds hutdf nLg x'g'ePsf]n] lbj+ut cfTdfsf] rL/ zflGtsf] sfdgf ub{} zf]ssf] b'Mvb\ 38Ldf zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgdf w}o{wf/0f ug{] zlQm ldnf];\ elg >L dfO{ r08]Zj/Ldftf;Fu k|fy{gf ub{5f}+ .

nId0f ltdlN;gf l;Gw'nL, rkf}nL sf7df8f} ljZjljBfno of]u ;fwgf s]G› w'lnv]n av'08f]nn] l;Gw'nL lhNnfsf] sdnfdfO{ gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ # rkf}nLdf /x]sf] l;Gw'nL snf 3/nfO{ gf}dt] kGh]afhf ;lxt gub x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] 5 . l;Gw'nL snf 3/sf cWoIf ;'dg du/nfO{ sf7df8f} ljZjljBfno of]u ;fwgf s]G›sf ;+/Ifs vfO{jf nfdf, gu/ cWoIf lji0f' zdf{, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf lgjt{dfg pkk|d'v ljdnf zdf{, of]u ;fwgf s]Gb|sL cWoIf l;tf ;'j]bL, ;dfh;]jL s' n axfb' / nfdf nufotsf] of] u ;fwsx?sf] 6f]nLn] snf 3/nfO{ gf}dt] afhf ;lxtsf] gub x:tfGt/0f u/]sf x'g\ . afhfsf] gf}dt] ;]6 ;lxt gub x:tfGt/0f ub{} ;+/Ifs vfO{jf nfdfn] o'jfx?nfO{ knfog x'g glbg, snf / ;+:s[ltsf] hu]gf{ u/L nf]k x'g glbg kxn ul/Psf] atfP .

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL hGdM @))#.$.@%

:juf{/f]x0fM @)*).!).)(

:j= cfzfsfhL j}B xfd|f cfTdLo ldq uf]kfn a}B tyf efO{x? s[i0f uf]kfn a}B / xl/uf]kfn a}Bsf k"hgLo lktf cfzfsfhL a}Bsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ zf]szGtfKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf JoQm ub{5f}F .

>Ldfg >LdtL e'jg÷cl:dtf ef]l5ef]of

ag]kf, sfe|]

hGdM @))#.$.@%

:juf{/f]x0fM @)*).!).)(

:j= cfzfsfhL j}B

b]jgf/fo0f j}B ;Nnfxsf/

o; ag]kf snf kl/ifb\sf ;b:o uf]kfn a}Bsf] k"hlgo lktf cfzfsfhL a}Bsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{

;Dk"0f{ j}B kl/jf/, t'“5]

ag]kf snf kl/ifb\ kl/jf/ ag]kf

tyf

;efklt lg/g zfSon] / sfo{qmd ;~rfng ;+:yfsf pkfWoIf tyf k|f]j];g sfo{bn ;+of]hs kjg/fh s0f{lhtn] u/]sf lyP . sfo{zfnfdf lkk'N; ;fsf]; sfe|]knf~rf]s, pBd ljsf; ;fsf]; sfe|]knf~rf]s, ;Ifd ;fsf]; sfe|]knf~rf]s, kl/>dL ;fsf]; sf7df8f}+, o'ujf0fL ;fsf]; sf7df8f}+, u+ua' l;l4 ;fsf]; sf7df8f}, ememNsf] ;fsf]; eQmk'/, 6Ns' ;fsf]; sf7df8f}, ah/+uanL ;fsf]; sf7df8f} u/L ( j6f ;+:yfsf ;ldlt, pk;ldlt, sd{ r f/L / cGo ;+ : yfsf k|ltlglwsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{zfnfdf k|fljlws ;'emfj ;DaGwdf / cfufdL kfFrf+} sfo{s'zntf tyf l;sfO{ Joj:yfkg sfo{zfnf ldlt @)*! a}zfv !% ut] zlgaf/ u+ua' l;l4 ;fsf]; sf7df8f}+sf] cfof]hgf tyf Joj:yfkgdf ul/g] u/L ;dfkg ul/Psf] cfof]hs ;+:yfsf k|aGws gj/fh ;fksf]6fn] atfP .

s]o' of]u ;fwgf s]Gb|åf/f l;Gw'nLdf kGh]afhf x:tfGt/0f

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

:j= cfzfsfhL j}B

df]xg j}B cWoIf

ljBfnon] ljBfyL{ s]lG›t sfo{qmdnfO{ sIff sf]7fdf dfq x}g ;d"bfodf klg k'¥ofpg] pb]Zon] ;KtfxJofkL sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ nfluPsf] atfP . v]ns'bn] ljBfyL{df cg'zf;g, Pstf, cfk;L ;xof]u / dfgjtfsf] ljsf; ug{] s'/f g]kfnn] atfP . k|ltof]lutfdf k|yd x'g]nfO{ gub % xhf/, låltonfO{ $ xhf/ / t[tLo :yfg xfl;n ug{]nfO{ tLg xhf/ tyf d]8n / k|df0fkq k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . ljqmd ;Dat @)%% ;fndf :yflkt ljBfnon] cfufdL df3 @% ut] :yfkgfsf] klRr;f}+ jif{ dgfpg] k|frfo{ a;Gt/fh g]kfnn] hfgsf/L lbP .

;fd'lxs Aoa;flosdf nfufgL a9fO{ ;b:ox?s} cfo:t/ psf:g nfUg'kg{] atfPsf lyP . sfo{zfnf uf]li7df ;+:yf ;anLs/0f, t/ntf kof{Kt /x]sf], k|ljlw d}lq aGg'kg]{, sf]kf]ld; tyf goAML clgjfo{ lgoldt l/kf]{l6ª\, shf{ hf]lvd sf]ifsf] kof{Kt Joj:yf, l:y/Ls/0f sf]ifdf of]ubfg tyf ;b'kof]u tyf cGo ljljw laifosf sfo{kq dfyL 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . uf]i7Ldf g]ˆ:s"gsf ;b:o ;]jf ljefu k|d'v u0f]z k|;fb ltdlN;gf, ;b:o ;]jf sfof{no ag]kfsf k|d'v /fd k|;fb ;fksf]6f, g]ˆ:s"gsf jl/i7 clws[t Pj+ sfo{zfnfsf ;xhstf{ e/t k|;fb Gof}kfg], k| l tlglw ;+ : yfsf] tkm{ a f6 kl/>dL ;fsf];sf Joj:yfks df]xg 8fFufL nufotn] ;xsf/Lsf af/]df wf/0f /fv]sf lyP . sfo{zfnfdf :jfut dGtJo cfof]hs ;fsf];sf cWoIf tyf sfo{zfnfsf

>4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ zf]szGtfKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf JoQm ub{5f}F .

;f]lx sfo{qmddf kt~hnL of]u ;ldlt sfe|]sf dxfdGqL sdnf /fhe08f/L, ;f}bGo{ snf Aoj;foL ;+3sL ;lrj ;'nf]rgf ltdlN;gf, ;dfh;]jL tyf of]u ;fwgf s]Gb|sf ;Nnfxsf/ bof/fd dxt nufotsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . @)&% ;fndf :yfkgf ePsf] pQm snf 3/df g]kfnsf ljleGg hfthfltn] k|of]u ug{] afhf tyf ;fdfu|Lx?sf] ;+u|lxt ul/Psf] 5 . pQm snf 3/af6 pTkflbt snfsf/x?sf] tkm{af6 dlxnfx?n] dfq} afhf ahfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . ;fF:s[lts ljBfno :yfkgfsf] kxn u/]sf] snf 3/sf] tkm{af6 ljjfx, j|tjGwdf afhf ahfP/, b]p;L e}nf] v]n]/ ;+slnt /sdaf6 ;+u|fxnosf] :yfkgf tyf Aoj:yfkg ul//x]sf] 5 . snf 3/nfO{ kl5Nnf] ;do :yfgLo ;/sf/ / ;+3 ;/sf/n] ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfno of]u ;fwgf s]Gb|n] ljleGg ;dodf ;fdflhs s[ofsnfk cGtu{t snf, ;:s[ltsf cnfjf cGo If]qdf klg ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf] 5 .

dfwjgf/fo0f ;d'xnfO{ kgf}tL h];Lhsf] z+v / 6f]kL kgf}tL÷kgf}tL h];Lhn] dfwjgf/fo0f ;d'xnfO{ z+v / 6f]kL pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . kgf}tL h];Lhsf] cfof]hgf tyf g]kfn oftfoft :jtGq dhb'/ ;+u7g kgf}tLsf] ;xof]udf z+v / Ps ;o j6f 6f]kL ljt/0f ul/Psf] kgf}tL h];Lhsf cWoIf l;hg ;'wfsf/n] hfgsf/L lbP . sfo{qmddf kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ & sf j8f cWoIf ;ljg tfd|fsf/, kgf}tL h];Lh jf]8{ ckm 6«;sf cWoIf /fh]zs'df/ >]i7, kgf}tL hfqfkj{ d'n Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf s[i0fwg sdf{rfo{, j8f ;b:ox? /fd e'h', Zofd a:g]t, dfwjgf/fo0f ;d'xsf ;+of]hs nufot ;b:osf] pkl:ytL /x]sf] sfo{sf/L pkfWoIf /fds[i0f >]i7n] hfgsf/L lbP . sfo{qmddf h]l;h cf:yf kf7 OlGb/f gflktn] u/]sL lyOg\ . sfo{qmddf af]Nb} h];Lh kgf}tLsf cWoIf ;'wfsf/n] w/f]x/sf ?kdf /x]sf wfld{s ;+kbf ;+/If0f cleofgdf h];Lhn] /x]sf] atfPsf 5g . o:t} j8f cWoIf tfd|fsf/n] ljZj;Dkbfdf ;'rLs[tsf] qmddf /x]sf] kgf}tLnfO{ ;+kbf ;+/If0f sfo{qmdn] ;xof]u k'Ug] atfP .

ahf/ laqmL k|ltlglw ;+3df gof“ g]t[Tj ag]kf÷sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfsf] ag]kfdf g]kfn ahf/ laqmL k|ltlglw ;+3 sfe|] k'j{ OsfO{ sld6Lsf] k|yd clwa]zg ag]kfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . clwa]zgn] ;xb]j ltdlN;gfsf] cWoIftfdf g]kfn ljqmL k|ltlglw ;+3 sfe|]sf] gofF sfo{ ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5 . ;ldltdf pkfWoIf ;lGbk clwsf/L, ;lrj ;'dg ;fksf]6f, ;x–;lrj sNkgf lrdf}l/of / sf]iffWoIf ljho ;Tofn /x]sf 5g\ . ;b:ox?df pk]G› yfkf, uf]s'n g]kfn, gj/fh g]kfn, afns[i0f >]i7, /]zd du/, ;'lgn >]i7, uf]laGb v8\sf, ;'lbk ;fksf]6f /x]sf 5g\ .

%

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

jif{ #) c+s !# @)*) df3 !* ut] ljxLjf/

w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] cfly{s jif{ @)*)÷@)*! sf] cw{–aflif{s k|ult :jf:y tkm{ 4ljleGg j8fx?df cfFvf lzlj/ ;~rfng u/L !* ;o hgfsf] cfFvf kl/If0f ;Dkg ul/ !!) hgfsf] df]ltoflaGb' ck|];g ul/Psf] 5 .

4 w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf lhNnf :t/Lo :jf:Yo ;ldIffdf k|yd :yfg ;lxt afudtL k|b]zdf pTs[i6 x'g ;kmn ePsf] 5 .

4g;g{] /f]usf] /f]syfd ug{ afudtL sfe|] pRr /Qmrfk ;DalGw ;Dk' 0 f{ :jf:ysd{LnfO{ tflnd ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 .

4Ifo/f]u d'Qm cleofg ;kmn agfpg 3/ b}nf]df k'u]/ #% ;o hgfsf] vsf/ gd'gf kl/If0f u/L gofF la/fdL klxrfg tyf pkrf/ ul/Psf] 5 .

43/b}nf]df h]i7 gful/s ;'Ts]/L tyf

gub / k|df0fkq åf/f ;Ddfg .

4l;sfO{ pknlJw clej[l4sf nflu dflj ul0ft ljifo lzIfsx?;+u lj1 ;lxtsf] cGt/lqmof .

4gj k|j]zL lzIfsx?sf nflu d]G6l/ª sfo{qmdsf] cled'lvs/0f Pj+ sfo{of]hgf j}7s .

4w'lnv]n lzIff P]g, @)&^ adf]lhd gu/kflnsf leq l/Qm /x]sf] kbdf ljBfno / ;DalGwt :yfgLo txsf] l;kmfl/;df k|fylds txsf # hgf ul0ft / cË|]hL ljifosf lzIfsx?nfO{ ;?jf u/L ljBfnodf ljifout lzIfssf] vf8n Go"gLs/0f ul/Psf] 5 .

4w'lnv]n lzIff P]g, @)&^ adf]lhd gu/kflnsf leq l/Qm /x]sf] kbdf gu/ !

k'gu{7g ul/g'sf ;fy} @% j6f gofF afnSna u7g u/L xfn afn Snasf] ;Vof *) k'u]sf] .

4afn clwsf/ ;ldlt / anu[xsf klbwsf/Lx?nfO PSsKofS6 nUhas{sf] ;xof]udf b'O{ lbg] cled"lvs/0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/Psf] .

4!^) hgf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ PSKof6 nShau{sf] ;xof]df @ lbg] cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/Psf] .

4gu/ afnSna ;+hfn / j8f afnSna ;+hfnsf #) hgf kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ b'O{ lbg] Ifdtf ljsf; tflnd sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] .

4gu/kflnsf cGt/utsf ;j} kl/ifbsf kbflwsf/L, j8f cWoIf tyf ljeGg /ut

of]hgftkm{ -tflnsf_

;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf @)*)÷*! k|yd ls:tf ljj/0f

;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf @)*)÷*! bf];|f] ls:tf ljj/0f

ue{jtL ;]jf pknAw u/fO{Psf] 5 .

4kf]if0f sfo{qmdnfO{ ;kmn agfpg j8f :t/df sfo{ q mdx? ;DkGg u/L afnaflnsfx? tyf ue{ j tL / ;'Ts]/Lx?sf] kf]if0f sfo{qmd ;Tr{fng ul/Psf] 5 .

4j8f :t/df dlxnf :jo+ ;]ljsfx? dfkm{t /Qmrfk dfkg ug{] sfo{qmd ;'?jft ul/Psf] 5 .

4lgoldt ?kdf dfl;s ;ldIff ;~rfng tyf vlgoldt cg'udg / ;'kl/j]If0f sfo{ ul/Psf] 5 .

4;d'bfodf dfxfdf/L lgoGq0f ug{ cfjZos tof/L tyf lakb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf lgd{f0f ul/Psf] 5 .

4ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gsf] ;xof]u / ;dGjodf :j:y zx/ w'lnv]n gu/ cleofgnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg yk of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ ;dGjo ul/Psf] 5 . lzIfftkm{ 4l8lh6n :s'n agfpg] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd cg'?k lzIfssf nflu ICT Based lzIfsx?sf nflu %% lbg] Basic Computer/ICT tflnd ;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . h;df # ;o hgf ;xefuL ePsf lyP .

4 ;a} ;fd'bflos / ;+:yfut ljBfnosf lzIfsx?nfO{ sIff * sf] :yfgLo kf7\oqmd lzIfs ;xfotf ;fdu|L k|jf]wLs/0f sfo{qmd cflZjg @$ ut] gu/ ;ef xndf ;DkGg .

4 gu/:t/Lo cGt/ dfWolds /fi6«klt /lgË lzN8 k|ltof]lutfsf] kf}if !# ut] gu/k|d'vaf6 p¢f6g tyf v]n sfo{qmd ;~rfng . ;a} ;fd'bflos / ;+:yfut ljBfno ;xefuL /x]sf] pQm k|ltof]lutfdf %^ j6f ljwfdf % ;o %^ hgf ljBfyL{ ;xefuL eO v]ns'b k|lt:kwf{ ePsf] lyof] .

4dfWolds ljBfno :t/Lo z}lIfs nf]s ufog k|ltof]lutf @)*) d+l;/ @@ ut] ;DkGg !! ljBfnosf] k|:t'lt .

4lhNnf :t/Lo /fi6«klt /lgª lzN8 k|ltof]lutfdf kbs k|fKt v]nf8L ljBfyL{nfO{ gu/sf] tkm{af6 xf};nf ;lxt

:t/Lo lzIfs 5gf}6 ;ldltn] k/LIff ;~rfng u/L lgdflz ul0ft ! hgf, lj1fg # hgf / cu|]hL ! hgf u/L % hgf / dflz ul0ft @ hgf, lj1fg @ hgf u/L $ hgf ;d]t ( hgf ljifout lzIfs 5gf}6 ul/Psf] .

4w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf cGtu{tsf ;fd'bflos / ;+:yfut ljBfnosf lzIfs?sf nflu lxlnË 6'u]b/ ;fem]bf/ ;+:yf;Fusf] ;xsfo{df # j6f Sni6/df ;DkGg . ;~hLjgL dflj, xg'dfg dflj / sflnsf dfljdf @ lbg] dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{ tflnd sfo{qmd ;DkGg . !)! hgf lzIfsnfO{ tflnd k|bfg ul/ bf];|f] r/0fdf kmfu'gb]lv ljBfno :t/df k|ltlglwd'ns cleefjs, sIff %–( sf k|ltlglwd'ns ljBfy{L / lzIfsx?sf nflu @ lbgsf] dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{ tflnd ;~rfng ul/b} 5 .

4ljBfnosf v]n lzIfsx?sf nflu ! lbg] cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg ;fd'bflos / ;+:yfut ;a} ljBfnosf #( hgf lzIfs ;xeflu .

4;+sNk SofDk; ;Fu BHM / BIM ljifodf !÷!sf]6f 5fqj[lQsf nflu ;+emf}tf .

4n8{ j'4 Ph's]zg kmfp08]zgdf BSC IT df 5fqj[lQ sf]6fdf eg{fsf nflu l;kmfl/; 4k~rsGof cfljsf] ejg lgd{f0f lznfGof; 4njlu|g g]kfnsf] ;xof]udf O{nfO{j|]/L ejg ;Demf}tf @ j6f ;fdflhs ljsf;tkm{ 4j8f / gu/df u/L xfn ;Dd ? $& nfv a/fa/sf] /sd afn sf]ifdf hDdf eO{ ;f] /sdsf] Jofhaf6 cgfy afnaflnsfnfO{ 5fqj[lQ tyf cGo ;xof]usf] sfd eO{/x]sf] .

4/fli6«o afn lbj; @)*) eAotfsf ;fy !&) hgf afnaflnsfx?sf] ;xeflutfdf jQmt[Tjsnf k|ltof]lutf ;lxt gu/ afn Sna ;+hfn k'gu{7g ul/ ;Dkg ePsf] .

4!@ j6} j8fsf afnSna ;hfn

zfvfsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;xeflutfdf do]/ lu/jL lgjf/0f sfo{ q md cGt/ut ljlgof]lht sfo{qmdsf] ;ldIff sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/g'sf ;fy} o'jf kl/ifb afx]s ;j} kl/ifbx?n] aflif{s sfo{qmd tof/ u/L nfu' ug{] tof/Ldf /x]sf] .

4ul/aL lgjf/0fsf nflu n3'pBd ljsf; sfo{qmd cGtut !% hgf l;nfO{ ;]G6/ ;+rfng ul//x]sf dlxnfx?nfO{ P8\efG; l;nfO{ ;DalGw tflnd ;rfng .

4;'/lIft cfk|jf;g ;fld sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L 9+un] ;rfng eO{ cfk|jf;L ;|f]t s]G›af6 xfn ;Dd &$@@ hgf dxfg'efjx?nfO{ ;"rgf tyf k/fdz{ ;]jf k|bfg ul/Psf] .

4j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf uPsf tyf kms{]sf AolQmx?sf] jf:tljs cj:yf ;lxtsf] k|f]kmfO{n tof/sf] sfd eO{/x]sf] .

4gu/sf] ljlQo ;fIf/tf ;DalGw /0fgLlt tof/ ul/ nfu' ug{] tof/Ldf /x]sf] .

4cfly{s jif{ )&(÷@)*) sf] aflif{s ;ldIff sfo{qmd ;Dkg .

4gu/kflnsfsf hgk|ltlglwx? / sd{rf/Lx?af6 b]zsf] k'jL{ If]qdf kmxf] / d} n f Aoj:yfkg nufotsf] ljifox?df l;sfO{ cfbfgk|bfgsf nflu cjnf]sg e|d0f sfo{qmd ;Dkg ul/Psf] . ;"rgf k|lalwtkm{ 4j8f g+ ! df kmfOa/ tyf CCTV lj:tf/sf] sfo{ cuf8L a9fOPsf] 4gu/ ljsf; sf]ifsf] ;xof]udf lgd{f0f ul/Psf] Municipal Service Delivery System sf] ;a} j8f cWoIf Pa+ ;lrax?nfO{ tflnd k|bfg ug{] sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 4 Municipal Service Delivery System nfO{ o;} ;ftf b]lv s]lx j8fx?df Piloting sf] ?kdf z'? x'g nfu]sf] 4gu/kflnsfdf Back UP ;e{/ ;lxtsf] Hardware Equipment h8fg ug{] sfo{ k|lqmofdf /x]sf] .

4:yfgLo tx ;+:yfut Ifdtf :jd"NofÍg k|0ffnLdf *$=% c+s k|fKt ePsf] .

4:yfgLo tx ljQLo ;'zf;g hf]lvd

d"n\ofÍgk|0ffnLdf *# c+s k|fKt ePsf] . rfn' cfjdf 3/ gS;fkf;sf] cj:yfM 43/÷ejg :yfoL gS;f kf; ;+Vof M ^* s[lif ljsf;tkm{M 4oflGqs ljt/0f sfo{qmd cGtu{t ldlgltn/ / wfg sf6\g] d]l;g vl/b k|lqmof cuf8L a9fOPsf] .

46g]n / dlNr+Ë Knfl:6s vl/b k|lqmof cuf8L a9fOPsf] .

4ks]6 lg/Gt/tf sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/Psf] .

4/f;folgs dnsf] sf]6f af8kmf8 sfo{

of]hgfx? ;+rfng e}/x]sf] / afls ;Demf}tfsf] k|lqmofdf /x]sf] .

Goflos ;ldlt M 4 rfn' cfjdf ^ j6f d'2f lga]bg btf{ ePsf] | 4 @ j6f km:of{}6 4 $ j6f k|lqmofdf /x]sf] . dlxnf afnaflnsf M 4 ckfËtf ePsf AolQmx? ;DalGw ;/f] s f/jfnfx? ljr cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd .

4 n}+lus lxF;f lj?4sf] !^ lbg] cleofgsf] cj;/df cfof]lht n}+lus

/ cg'udg lg/Gt/ eO{/x]sf] . kz'kG5L ljsf;tkm{ 4 nDkmL l:sg /f]usf] lgz'Ns cf}iflw ljt/0f tyf vf]k nufpg] sfo{ ;DkGg 4!)) j6f ;fd'bflos s's'/x?sf] aGWofs/0f / @)) j6f s's'/x?nfO{ /]lah la?4sf] vf]k nufpg] sfo{ ;DkGg .

4!)))) j6f ufO{e};Ldf vf]/]t /f]u lj¿2sf] vf]knufpg] sfo{ ;DkGg .

4 nDkmL l:sg /f]uaf6 d/]sf @$# j6f kz'x?sf kz' kfns s[ifsx?nfO{ /fxt ljt/0fsf] sfo{ clGtd r/0fdf /x]sf] . k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/M 4 I.D.A cGtu{tsf] ah]6 ? !(,@@,)))÷– af6 $) hgfnfO{ !! j6f j8fdf /x]sf laleGg kfs{, kf]v/L, au}rf, ;8s, d7 dlGb/ nufPtsf laleGg ;fj{hlgs :yfgx?df nuftf/sf] !)) lbgsf] /f]huf/L lbg] pb]Zon] ;/;kmfO{sf] nfuL x]/fn' /fvL sfo{ e}/x]sf] .

4 g]kfn ;/sf/ cGtu{tsf] ah]6 ? @%,^),)))÷– af6 ;fem]bf/Ldf ;+rfng ug]{ elgPsf] of]hgfx? dWo] & j6f

lxF;f la?4 ;/f]sf/jfnf ljr cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd .

4 ckfËtf kl/ro–kq ljt/0f sfo{qmd. # k6s .

4 ;]km xfp; cGtu{t ;]jf k|bfg ul/b}F cfPsf] .

4 dfga a]rljvg la?4 ;r]tgfd'ns sfo{qmd .

4 afn lba; ;fdflhs ;'/Iff tyf k~hLs/0ftkm{ AolQmut 36gf btf{ cGtu{t ldlt @)*)÷)$÷)! ut] b]lv ldlt @)*)÷!)÷!@ ut] ;Dd VERSP–MIS k|0ffnLdf cgnfO{g btf{ ePsf 36gfx?sf] j8fut ;f/f+z M j8f g+=! – hGd btf{–$#, d[To' btf{–!!, ;DaGw ljR5]b–!, ljjfx–!*, a;fO{;f/fO{–) u/L hDdf &# j6f JolQmut 36gfx? btf{ ePsf 5g\ . j8f g+=@ – hGd btf{–@#, d[To' btf{–!$, ;DaGw ljR5]b–), ljjfx–!$, ut

a;fO{;f/fO{–! u/L hDdf %@ j6f JolQmut 36gfx? btf{ ePsf 5g\. j8f g+=# hGd btf{–!&, d[To' btf{–$, ;DaGw ljR5]b–!, ljjfx–!!, a;fO{;f/fO{–# u/L hDdf #^ j6f JolQmut 36gfx? btf{ ePsf 5g\ . j8f g+=$ – hGd btf{–@^, d[To' btf{–#, ;DaGw ljR5]b–), ljjfx–!#, a;fO{;f/fO{–!@ u/L hDdf %$ j6f JolQmut 36gfx? btf{ ePsf 5g\ . j8f g+=% – hGd btf{–@!, d[To' btf{–&, ;DaGw ljR5]b–), ljjfx–*, a;fO{;f/fO{–% u/L hDdf $! j6f JolQmut 36gfx? btf{ ePsf 5g\ . j8f g+=^ hGd btf{–@!, d[To' btf{–*, ;DaGw ljR5]b–#, ljjfx–!^, a;fO{;f/fO{–* u/L hDdf %^ j6f JolQmut 36gfx? btf{ ePsf 5g\ . j8f g+=& hGd btf{–#!, d[To' btf{–!#, ;DaGw ljR5]b–!, ljjfx–!(, a;fO{;f/fO{–( u/L hDdf &# j6f JolQmut 36gfx? btf{ ePsf 5g\ . j8f g+=* hGd btf{–#*, d[To' btf{–!#, ;DaGw ljR5]b–#, ljjfx–!^, a;fO{;f/fO{–# u/L hDdf &# j6f JolQmut 36gfx? btf{ ePsf 5g\ . j8f g+=( hGd btf{–$$, d[To' btf{–!#, ;DaGw ljR5]b–#, ljjfx–@), a;fO{;f/fO{–! u/L hDdf *! j6f JolQmut 36gfx? btf{ ePsf 5g\ . j8f g+=!) hGd btf{–!@, d[To' btf{–*, ;DaGw ljR5]b–), ljjfx–*, a;fO{;f/fO{–! u/L hDdf @( j6f JolQmut 36gfx? btf{

ePsf 5g\ . j8f g+=!! hGd btf{–%(, d[To' btf{–!(, ;DaGw ljR5]b–$, ljjfx–@*, a;fO{;f/fO{–@ u/L hDdf !!@ j6f JolQmut 36gfx? btf{ ePsf 5g\ . j8f g+=!@ hGd btf{–@@, d[To' btf{–!#, ;DaGw ljR5]b–!, ljjfx–!$, a;fO{;f/fO{–@ u/L hDdf%@ j6f JolQmut 36gfx? btf{ ePsf 5g\ . gu/kflnsfsf] ;Dk"0f{ j8fx?df hGd btf{–#%&, d[To' btf{–!@^, ;DjGw ljR5]b–!&, ljjfx–!*%, a;fO{;/fO{–$& u/L hDdf &#@ j6f 36gf btf{x? btf{ ePsf 5g\ . cfly{s k|zf;g aflif{s ah]6 M !,!%,!%,))))).– xfn ;Ddsf] hDdf vr{ M #!,&%,@$)!%.– hDdf vr{ k|ltzt M #!=@% k|ltzt /fhZjtkm{M /fhZj ;+sng M #,@^,^$,*^!.$(

^

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

jif{ #) c+s !# @)*) df3 !* ut] ljxLjf/

;fd'bflos artn] dgfof]

#) cf+} :yfkgf lbj; tyf klxnf] PsLs/0f lbj; C0fLx?nfO{ shf{ r'Qmf ;DaGwL #% lbg] ;"rgf k|yd k6s ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!).!*

pk/f]Qm ;DaGwdf lgDg C0fLx?n] o; ;+:yfaf6 pkef]u ub{} cfpg'ePsf] shf{sf] cjlw ;sLPsf] / ;+:yfn] tkfO{nfO{ k6s k6s tfs]tf ubf{ ;d]t cfn6fn u/L C0f ltg{ s'g} rf;f] gb]vfPsf] / C0f lnbf u/LPsf] lnvt / C0f :jLs[tL kqdf tf]sLP adf]lhdsf] a'emfpg'kg{] ;fFjf Aofh / xh{gf ;d]t ga'emfO C0f lnbf u/]sf] ;t{ sa'lnotsf] pNn3+g u/]sf]n] of] #% -k}lt;_ lbg] ;'rgf k|sfzg u/LPsf] 5 . of] ;'rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% lbg leq o; ;+:yfnfO a'emfpg'kg{] ;Dk'0f{ shf{ /sd r'Qmf ug{ ;'lrt u/LG5 . ;f] Dofbleq ;Dk"0f{ aSof}tf /sd e'Qmfg gu/]df ;xsf/L P]g, ;xsf/L lgodfjnL, C0f nufgL tyf shf{ c;'nL gLlt tyf k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd ;+:yfn] n]gf /sd c;'n pk/ ug{], C0fL tyf hdfgL lbg] AolQmsf] tLg k':t] ljj/0f ;d]t shf{ ;'rgf s]Gb|sf] sfnf] ;'lrdf ;dfa]z ug{], nufot C0f c;'n pk/ u/L lngsf] nfuL cGo sfg'gL sf/afxL ;d]t cjnDjg u/Lg] Aoxf]/f ;d]t o;} ;'rgf dfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . qm=;+=

C0fLsf] ljj/0f C0fLsf] kmf]6f] Aoltmut wg hdfgLsf] ljj/0f wg hdfgLsf] kmf]6f] C0fLsf] gfdM k|]d eQm ef]l5ef]of hdfgLsf gfdM zld{nf >]i7 a'jfsf] gfdM b]jbf; ef]l5ef]of a'jfsf] gfdM OGb|nfn >]i7 afh]sf] gfdM sfhLnfn >]i7 != afh]sf] gfdM nf]s axfb'/ ef]l5ef]of 7]ufgfM ag]kf, sfe|] 7]ufgfM ag]kf, sfe|] gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq g+= &#@#@ gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq g+=@$#)!!÷^$( C0fLsf] gfdM >L/fd dfgGw/ hdfgLsf gfdM ;Demgf k|wfg a'jfsf] gfdM d'lQmgfy dfgGw/ a'jfsf] gfdM nDaf]b/ k|wfg @= afh]sf] gfdM ljs'dfg dfgGw/ afh]sf] gfdM k|]dnfn k|wfg 7]ufgfM kgf}tL, sfe|] 7]ufgfM kgf}tL, sfe|] gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq g+= *(@#( gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq g+=*)%(& hdfgL gfdM cr{gf >]i7 k'/s'6L C0fLsf] gfdM alb| k'/s'6L a'jfsf] gfdM kbd uf]kfn >]i7 a'jfsf] gfdM ;Gt axfb/ ;fsL{ #= afh]sf] gfdM led;]g ;fsL{ ;;'/fsf] gfdM ;Gt axfb'/ ;fsL{ 7]ufgfM ag]kf, sfe]| 7]ufgfM ag]kf, sfe]| gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq g+= #)–)!–&#–)$*^# gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq g+=!%^*$) C0fLsf] gfdM vfd axfb'/ >]i7 hdfgL gfdM d]3gfy s] ;L vqL a'jfsf] gfdM 1fg axfb'/ >]i7 a'jfsf] gfdM wg axfb'/ vqL $= afh]sf] gfdM Nffn axfb'/ >]i7 afh]sf] gfdM OGb| axfb'/ vqL 7]ufgfM w'lnv]n, sfe]| 7]ufgfM ag]kf, sfe]| gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq g+=%!$*@ gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq g+= !)!()# hdfgL gfdM 6+s axfb'/ v8\sf a'jfsf] gfdM nlnt Wjh v8\sf afh]sf] gfdM ;2Wjh v8\sf 7]ufgfM kfFrvfn, sfe]| gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq g+= !#!##) C0fLsf] gfdM cd/ :ofªtfn hdfgL gfdM k'0f{dfof :ofªtfg a'jfsf] gfdM sfld l;+ tfdfª a'jfsf] gfdM x'dfgfy uh'/]n %= afh]sf] gfdM afUb]p :ofªtfg afh]sf] gfdM afnfgGb uh'/]n 7]ufgfM b]pk'/ ^, sfe]| 7]ufgfM sf]nflt ! e'Dn', sfe]| gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq g+=%!$*@ gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq g+= #)!)#(÷!&@$@( hdfgL gfdM gj/fh lwtfn a'jfsf] gfdM /fd k|;fb lwtfn afh]sf] gfdM d'lQmgfy lwtfn 7]ufgfM Zf+v'kfl6rf}/ #, sfe]| gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq g+= #)!)*&÷!*)%@& C0fLsf] gfdM ljho dxh{g hdfgL gfdM /fHo nIdL >]i7 a'jfsf] gfdM cfzf gf/fo0f dxh{g a'jfsf] gfdM s[i0f nfn >]i7 ^= afh]sf] gfdM jfl;ª dxh{g afh]sf] gfdM b]jLnfn >]i7 7]ufgfM uf]+ua' !, sf7df8f} 7]ufgfM ag]kf, sfe]| gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq g+=$#!%) gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq g+= !!&$&$ hdfgL gfdM gj/fh ljZjsdf{ a'jfsf] gfdM v]r/ s'df/ ljZjsdf{ afh]sf] gfdM s[i0f lj/ ljZjsdf{ 7]ufgfM kfFrvfn, sfe]| gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq g+= &#^^^ C0fLsf] gfdM d'lQm/fh af]Dhg hdfgL gfdM lbk]Gb| vqL a'jfsf] gfdM k|]d/fh af]Dhg a'jfsf] gfdM lbks s'df/ vqL &= afh]sf] gfdM lgd/fh af]Dhg afh]sf] gfdM uf]kfn vqL 7]ufgfM lgd{na:tL @, k;f{ 7]ufgfM ag]kf, sfe]| gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq g+=!!)#( gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq g+= !#)%@* C0fLsf] gfdM hgfb{g l/hfn hdfgL gfdM hLjgsnf lg/f}nf a'jfsf] gfdM e]ifgfy l/hfn a'jfsf] gfdM k'0o k|;fb lg/f}nf *= afh]sf] gfdM eb|nfn l/hfn afh]sf] gfdM wd{ k|;fn lg/f}nf 7]ufgfM w'lnv]n, sfe]| 7]ufgfM k+rn $, ;f]n'v'Da' gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq g+=!@!)&#÷%@* gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq g+= !!!)@*÷#^( hdfgL gfdM xf]d s'df/L lg/f}nf a'jfsf] gfdM k'0o k|;fb lg/f}nf afh]sf] gfdM wd{ k|;fn lg/f}nf 7]ufgfM k+rn $, ;f]n'vDa' gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq g+= !!—)!—&!—)!%&^ C0fLsf] gfdM s[i0f k|;fb l3ld/] hdfgL gfdM nIdL ltdlN;gf a'jfsf] gfdM Hof]tL k|;fb l3ld/] a'jfsf] gfdM alb| k|;fb ltdlN;gf (= afh]sf] gfdM /ljnfn l3ld/] afh]sf] gfdM dgx/L ltdlN;gf 7]ufgfM zfNwf/f !, sfe]| 7]ufgfM 9'ªvs{ @, sfe|] gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq g+=!))&$# gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq g+= !)^!%& hdfgL gfdM d's'Gb k|;fb sf]O/fnf a'jfsf] gfdM uf]ljGb k|;fb sf]O/fnf afh]sf] gfdM emDsgfy sf]O/fnf 7]ufgfM kgf}tL, sfe]| gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq g+= #&&() C0fLsf] gfdM leddfof nfdf hdfgL gfdM lutf u'?ª a'jfsf] gfdM k'0f{ axfb/ nfdf a'jfsf] gfdM k|]d axfb/ u'?ª afh]sf] gfdM d]u axfb/ u'?ª !)= afh]sf] gfdM dfg axfb/ nfdf 7]ufgfM n]]n] @ nlntk/ 7]ufgfM kfj{tLk'/ ( lrtjg gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq g+= )$***( g+=@*—)@—)^(—!# hdfgL gfdM ;f]d k|;fb cfrfo{ a'jfsf] gfdM s[i0f k|;fb cfrfo{ afh]sf] gfdM df]xg cfrfo{ 7]ufgfM kgf}tL, sfe]| gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq g+= #)#))&÷@%@ C0fLsf] gfdM lbg]z tfd|fsf/ hdfgL gfdM /]jf tfd|fsf/ a'jfsf] gfdM Gx'R5]nfn tfd|fsf/ a'jfsf] gfdM led nfn tfd|fsf/ !!= afh]sf] gfdM OGb|nfn tfd|fsf/ afh]sf] gfdM Uf+uf nfn tfd|fsf/ 7]ufgfM kgf}tL sfe|] 7]ufgfM kgf}tL sfe|] gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq g+=^!@(÷!^^ gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq g+= @#!!$&(* hdfgL gfdM lbn k|;fb v8\uL a'jfsf] gfdM df]tL axfb'/ v8\uL afh]sf] gfdM df]xg cfrfo{ 7]ufgfM kgf}tL, sfe]| gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq g+= ^!@$÷&#^

kgf}tL÷;fd'bflos art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf lnld6]8 kgf}tLn] :yfkgfsf] #) cf} tyf PsLs/0fsf] klxnf] :yfkgf lbj; dgfPsf] 5 . afdutL k|b]zsf ;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf ;xsf/L dGqL k'sf/ dx{hgn] ;+:yf :yfkgfsf] cj;/ kf/L ljleGg ljBfsf ! ;o & hgfnfO{ ;Ddfg ;lxt k'/:sf/ ljt/0f u/]sf lyP . #) jif{ cl3 #@ xhf/ % ;o ?k}of k'FhL ;lxt $! hgf z]o/ ;b:oaf6 z'? ePsf] ;fd'bflos ;xsf/Ln] ;+:yfdf clxn] !& j6f ;+:yf PsLs/0f ePsf 5g\ . %( xhf/ ( ;o ^& hgf z]o/ ;b:oaf6 ^ ca{ !$ s/f]8 (& nfv ## xhf/ ( ;o @# ?k}of s'n ;Dklt hDdf u/]sf] ;+:yfn] z]o/ ;b:ox?nfO{ ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf sfo{qmdx? ;dj]bgf /fxt, kfl/jf/Ls ;dj]bgf /fxt, ;b:o :jf:Yo pkrf/ /fxt, hl6n /f]u pkrf/ ;xof]u tyf k|sf]k /fxt pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . ;+:yfsf cWoIf k|sfz a~hf/fn] ;fd'bflos ljsf; sf]ifaf6 ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ljleGg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf] atfP . …;b:ox?sf] ;'/Iffsf nflu ljdf -lhjg / lglh{jg_ / /]ld6]G;sf] sfo{ ul//x]sf] 5 eg] ;b:ox?nfO{ lzkd'ns, Aoj;foLs, k|ljlw ;fIf/tf, ljlQo ;fIf/tf tflnd tyf cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] 5Ú–cWoIf a~hf/fn] eg]–…;b:ox?sf] art ;'/Iffsf nflu ljleGg

sf]ifx?df /sd hDdf ul/Psf] tyf ;]jfsf nflu !( j6f ;]jfs]Gb|af6 sf/f]jf/ ul//x]sf 5f}+ .Ú ;+ : yfsf k| d ' v sfo{ s f/L clws[t dbg a:g]tn] ;+:yfsf] jt{dfg cj:yfsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpFb} ;b:ox?n] afn, v'q's], pRr lzIff art !^ jif{ d'lgsf afnaflnsfx?sf nflu ug{ ;lsg] atfP eg] lgoldt, sf/f]jf/, ljz]if, b}lgs, ;'gf}nf] cj;/, cfjlws, ;+qmflGt tyf pkbfg art !^ jif{ eGbf dflysf ;a}n] ug{ ;Sg] Aoj:yf ul/Psf] hfgsf/L lbP . $& s/f]8 $) nfv #^ xhf/ ( ;o z]o/ k'FhL, #^ s/f]8 $@ nfv ** xhf/ ^ ;o *@ ?k}ofF hu]8f sf]if, !@ s/f]8 !) nfv ^ xhf/ & ;o !) ljleGg sf]ifx?, #& s/f]8 @* nfv ^# xhf/ * ;o ^# ?k}of s'n ;+:yfut k'FhL /x]sf] k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t dbg a:g]tn] hfgsf/L lbP . To:t} t/ntf /sd &# s/f]8 $^ nfv ^@ xhf/ $ ;o #( / s'n art $ ca{ #@ s/f]8 #( nfv @* xhf/ $ ;o &@ ?k}of /x]sf] 5 . nufgLdf /x]sf] C0f $ ca{ $@ s/f]8 $@ nfv *) xhf/ % ;o *) ?k}of /x]sf] 5 . :yfkgf lbj;sf] cj;/ kf/L ;+:yfn] v'Nnf /Qmbfg sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . To:t} k'j{ ;+rfnsx? @* hgf, /fli6«o ;xsf/L dxf;+3 nufotsf ;+:yfdf lgjf{lrtx? rf/ hgf, *) jif{ k'u]sf h]i7 gful/s ;b:o ## hgf, !% hgf pTs[i6

artstf{, !% hgf pTs[i6 C0fL, pTs[i6 ;]jf s]Gb|, pTs[i6 sd{rf/L, P;O{O{df pTs[i6 $ hgf, ;fd'bflos 5fqa[lQ % hgf ;d]t u/L ! ;o & hgfnfO{ ;Ddfg u/]sf] 5 . pTs[i6 ;]jf s]Gb| u|fld0f :jfjnDjg ;]jf s]Gb| kfFrvfn !@ ePsf] 5 eg] pTs[i6 sd{rf/Lsf ?kdf w'gb]jL gdf]a'4 ;]jf s]Gb|df sfo{/t ;'b{zg lrdf}l/of 5g\ . ;Ddflgt tyf k'/:s[tx?nfO{ gub, bf];Nnf / k|df0fkq ;lxt ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;+:yfsf al/i7 pkfWoIf ;'o{ dfgGw/sf] :jfut dGtAo /x]sf] lyof] eg] ;lrj d's'Gb zdf{ jfUn]n] ;+rfng u/]sf lyP . :yfkgf lbj;df af] N b} dGqL k' s f/ dx{ h gn] ;xsf/Ldf b] l vPsf ;d:ofx? ;dfwfgsf nflu kxn ul//x] s f] atfP . ;xsf/L cleofgnfO{ cl3 a9fpg tTsfn b] l vPsf ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg ug{ afudtL k| b ] z ;/sf/sf] tkm{ a f6 kxnsbdL lng] dGqL dx{ h gn] atfP . …;d:ofnfO{ g} lj;{ g ] u/L ;fd' b flos ;xsf/Ln] u/] s f] PsLs/0f ;lxtsf] sf/f] j f/ nf] e nfUbf] 5Ú–dGqL dx{ h gn] eg] – …;fd' b flos ;xsf/Ln] h:t} cGo ;xsf/Lx?n] klg PsLs/0f ;lxtsf] ;d' b fodf cfwfl/t sf/f] j f/ ug{ cfjZos 5 .Ú sfo{ q mddf kgf} t L gu/kflnsfsf k| d ' v /fdz/0f e08f/L, pkk| d ' v lutf a~hf/f, g] k m;s' g sf sf] i ffWoIf lbks yfkf, afudtL k| f ] : s' g sf cWoIf p4j ;fksf] 6 f, lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+ 3 sf cWoIf lblnk zdf{ , sfe| ] k nf~rf] s lhNnf art tyf C0f ;xsf/Lsf cWoIf pbo/fd sfoZy, j8f cWoIf lbks bfxfn, kgf} t L gu/kflnsf ;xsf/L /lh:6« f / OGb| k| ; fb clwsf/L, PsLs/0f ePsf ;xsf/L ;+ : yfsf cWoIfx? tyf ;+ r fnsx? tyf sd{ r f/L / z] o / ;b:ox?sf] ;xeflutf /x] s f] lyof] . ;f] l x cj;/df ;fd' b flos pkbfg artsf] pb\ 3 f6g ub{ } ;lrlty{ lqj] 0 fLwfd u' ? s' n nfO{ :6] z g/L ;fdfg pknAw u/fO{ P sf] lyof] .

To:t} sfo{ q mddf ;+ : yfsf ;Nnfxsf/ zDe'nfn >]i7, d's'Gbk|;fb bfxfn nufotn] ;+:yf :yfkgf b]vL PsLs/0f / xfnsf] cj:yf tyf cfufdL r'gf}tLsf af/]df wf/0ff /fv]sf lyP .

OG6/g]6 dfkm{t afnaflnsfdfyL x'g] b'Jo{jxf/ Go'gLs/0f ug{ ;r]tgf sfo{qmd kgf}tL÷kgf}tL gu/kflnsfdf OG6/g]6 cgnfOgdf afn ;+/If0f ljifos cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/Psf] 5 . l;ljg g]kfnsf] cfof]hgf tyf kgf}tL gu/kflnsfsf] ;xsfo{df ;/f]sf/jfnf;Fu 5nkmn ul/Psf] xf] . cgnfOg dfkm{t afnaflnsfdfyL x'g] ;fOa/ ck/fw Go'gLs/0fsf nflu ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] e'ldsf, sfg'gL k|fjwfg / o;af6 aRg ckgfpg ;lsg] pkfosf af/]df 5nkmn ePsf] xf] . sfo{ q mddf af] N b} kgf} t L gu/kflnsfsf gu/ k|dv /fdz/0f e08f/Ln] cgnfOgdfkm{t x'g] ck/fw / b'Jo{jxf/ a9]sf] eGb} ;r]tgf clej[l4 h?/L /x]sf] atfPsf 5g . pgn] cfkm'n] l;s]sf ljifo 3/, kl/jf/, 5/l5d]sdf klg hfgsf/L u/fpFb} ;r]tgf hufpg e'ldsf v]Ng ;a}df cfu|x u/]sf 5g\ .

o:t} pk–k|d'v uLt a~hf/fn] 6f]n a:tLdf OG6/g]6 ;]jf k'u];Fu} o;sf] unt k|of]un] ;d:of a9\g yfn]sf] afOg\ . l;ljg g]kfnsf cgnfOgdf afn ;+/If0f kl/of]hgf ;+of]hs dfwj nf]xgLn] hgr]tgf hufpg] pb]Zon] :yfgLo tx, afn Snj ;lxt ;/f]sf/jfnf;Fu ;xsfo{ u/]/ sfd ul//x]sf] atfP . afnaflnsfdf cgnfOgaf6 b'Jo{jxf/sf 36gf a9\b} uPkl5 ;g\ @)!* b]vL afnaflnsfnfO{ cgnfOgdf b'Jo{jxf/ s;/L x'G5, sf]af6 x'G5, o;af6 s:tf] gsf/fTds kl/0ffd b]lvPsf] eGg] af/] 5nkmn ;lxt ;r]tgf cleofg ;'? ul/Psf] atfP . To;}u/L g]kfn k|x/L k|wfg sfof{no ;fOa/ Ao'/f] sf7df8f}+sf k|fljlws k|x/L gfoj pkl/Ifs O{lGhlgo/ lbk]z

hf]zLn] ;fOa/ Jo'/f]df ut jif{ ( xhf/ !# ph'/L btf{ ePsf] hfgsf/L lbP . rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] df3 !! ut];Dd !) xhf/ & ;o &^ ph'/L btf{ eO;s]sf] pgn] atfP . of] qmd a9\bf] /x]sf] eGb} pgn] ;r]tgf clej[l4 cTofjZos ePsf] atfP . sfo{qmddf kgf}tL gu/kflnsfsf jl/i7 k|zf;sLo clws[t OG›k|;fb clwsf/L, ;fdflhs ljsf; ;ldlt ;+of]hs Pj+ kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ !! sf j8f cWoIf ljlkg nfdf, l;ljg aflnsf u[x k:ynLsL eujtL >]i7, afns u[x kgf}tLsf ;lgn >]i7, gu/kflnsfsf ljleGg zfvf k|d'v, afnd}qL ;xhstf{, kgf}tL k|x/L rf}slsf OGrfh{, ljleGg ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofks, afn ;d'x, afn Snjsf k|ltlglw nufotsf] pkl:ytL /x]sf] lyof] .

5fqj[lQ kf/bzL{ agfpg t]hu+uf SofDk;sf] gof“ tl/sf kgf}tL÷kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ * df /x]sf] sfe|] lhNnfs} cu|0fL z}+lIfs ;+:yf t]hu+uf ax'd'vL SofDk;n] 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f kf/bzL{ agfpg gofF tl/sf ckgfPsf] 5 . ul/a tyf h]xgbf/ 5fqj[lQ ljt/0fsf nflu cfj]bg dfu ug]{ b]vL cGt/jftf{ ;Ddsf] k|s[of to ul/Psf] xf] . ;f]xL cGtu{t z}lIfs zq @)*)÷*! sf nflu SofDk;af6 k|bfg x'g] 5fqj[lQsf nflu ;fdflhs ;+hfn km];a's, ;'rgf kf6L dfkm{t ljBfyL{;Fu lgj]bg dfu ub}{ ;'rgf k|sfzg ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm cjlwdf @* hgf ljBfyL{n] 5fqj[lQsf nflu lgj]bg lbPsf lyP . k|fKt lgj]bg cg';f/ ljBfyL{sf] cGt/jftf{ lnOPsf] 5 . cGt/jftf{ d f SofDk;df ljBfyL{sf] lgoldttf, z}lIfs cj:yf, cfly{s cj:yf, cg'zf;g nufotsf] ljifodf 5fqj[lQ ;ldltn] ;f]wk'5 u/]sf] 5 . ;f] qmddf clwsf+z ljBfyL{n] /f]huf/L gx'Fbf k7gkf7gdf jfwf k'u]sf] atfPsf 5g . sltko ljBfyL{n] 3/df cleefjsn] ljb]z hfgsf] nflu bjfj lbPsf] ;d]t u'gf;f] u/]sf 5g . SofDk;n] eg] lgj]bg lbg] clwstd\ ljBfyL{nfO{ 5fqj[lQ lbg]u/L ;dGjo ul//x]sf] 5fqj[lQ ;ldlt ;+of]hs rG›d0fL sfˆn]n] hfgsf/L lbP . s]lx g s]lx ;d:of eP/ g} lgj]bg k|fKt ePsf] SofDk;sf] j'emfO{ 5 . 5fqj[lQ ;ldltdf ;xfos SofDk; k|d'v eLd;]g s];L, d'lQmgf/fo0f sfˆn] / ljBfyL{ k|ltlglw u'~hg a~hf/f /x]sf 5g\ .

SofDk; k|d'v 8f= cDa'ejfgL sfsL{n] 5fqj[lQ eGbf klg /f]huf/Lsf nflu SofDk;n] hf]8 lbPsf] atfOg\ . ljBfyL{nfO{ k9fO{;Fu} sfd ug{sf nflu gLlh ljBfno

qm=;+=

nufot ljleGg lgsfo;Fu ;dGjo ug]{ ul/Psf] pgsf] egfO{ 5 . oxLF /f]huf/L k|fKt ePdf ljb]z hfg]sf] qmd ;d]t /f]Sg ;lsg] SofDk; k|d'v sfsL{]n] atfOg\ . t]hu+uf SofDk;df sIff !! b]vL :gfts tx;Dd ljleGg ;+sfodf % ;o

eGbf a9L ljBfyL{n] cWoog ul//x]sf 5g\ .

SofDk;n] t]hu+uf 5fqj[lQ, k|tfkl;+ 5fqj[lQ, pld{nf kf08] 5fqj[lQ, ;'/y axfb'/ Kof's/]n 5fqj[lQ ljBfyL{nfO{ pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . t]hu+uf lhNnfs} pTs[i6 SofDk;sf] ?kdf kl/lrt 5 .

xflb{s awfO{ o; c?0ff]bo cFu|]hL cfjf;Lo dfWolds ljBfnosf] z'elrGts ?kf d'gfsdLn { ] Kathmandu University, School of Education af6 Paradoxes of School Teachers in Practicing Intergrity: An Ethnographic Study of Public School of Nepal ljifodf ljBfjfl/lw (Ph.D.) pkflw xfl;n ug{'ePsf]df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub}{ z}lIfs ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

c?0ff]bo Ph's]zgn kmfp08]zg tyf c?0ff]bo c“u|]hL cfjf;Lo dfWolds ljBfno kl/jf/, kgf}tL, sfe|]

C0fLsf] ljj/0f C0fLsf] kmf]6f] Aoltmut wg hdfgLsf] ljj/0f C0fLsf] gfdM lbg]z k|;fb clwsf/L hdfgL gfdM ;'nf]rgf zfxL a'jfsf] gfdM p4j k|;fb clwsf/L a'jfsf] gfdM /fd axfb'/ zfxL !@= afh]sf] gfdM b'uf{ k|;fb clwsf/L afh]sf] gfdM bfg axfb'/ zfxL 7]ufgfM d]lygsf]6 )# sfe|] 7]ufgfM ag]kf, sfe]| gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq g+=!!(!@) gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq g+= !@)&#! hdfgL gfdM uf}td s'df/ /+lhtsf/ C0fLsf] gfdM ljqmd /+lht a' j fsf] gfdM k'0f{nfn /+hLt a' j fsf] gfdM uf} t d s' d f/ /+ l htsf/ !#= afh]sf] gfdM a'l4nfn /+lht afh]sf] gfdM k'0f{nfn /+hLt 7]ufgfM ag]kf sfe|] 7]ufgfM ag]kf sfe|] gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq g+= @*# gfu/Lstf k|df0fkq g+=!$$%@^ hdfgL gfdM cg'/fh a4frfo{ a'jfsf] gfdM k'ik/fh a4frfo{ afh]sf] gfdM b]j/fh a4frfo{ 7]ufgfM kgf}tL, sfe]| gfu/Lstf k|=k=g+= #)–)!–)^*–!^$)%

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hLjg l;Wofpg] gzf gzfdf 5f}+ ltdL xfdLx? Ps–csf{ k|lt dfof u5f{}. h;sf sf/0f ljjfx, k|]d xfd|f nflu Tolt dxTj x'Fb}g. ljjfx eO{;s]sf k'?ifx? >LdtLsf] dfofsf sf/0f nfu' cf}ifwsf] k|of]u 36fpFb} uPsf 5g\ eg] xfdLnfO{ s]lx rf;f] / k/jfx g} 5}g. zf/Ll/s ;DaGwsf] Kof; klg xfdL l;l/Ghaf6} d]6fpF5f}+. lhNnfdf o:tf y'k|} ;]G6/x? 5g\. cf];f/k;f/ eGbf klg xfdL cfkm} k|of]u ug{df hf]8 lbG5f}+. s] l xlbg cl3 k| x /Ln] w'lnv]ndf ljBfno hfFb} u/]sf, SofDk; k9\b} u/]sf o'jfx?nfO{ nfu' cf}ifw k|of]u u/]sf] cleof]udf kqmfp u/]5 . To;eGbf cl3 klg s]lx o'jfx?nfO{ ag]kfaf6 kqmfp u/]sf] lyof] . h;n] nfu' cf}ifw k|of]u u5{ plx cf];f/k;f/df ;+nUg x'G5 . 3/af6 ;w} k};f cfpFb}g . k};f cfpgnfO{ cf];f/k;f/df ;+nUg eP kl5 s]lx d'gfkmf x'G5 . Tolx d'gfkmfaf6 nfu' cf}ifwsf] ntdf km:of] . w'lnv]naf6 ;dfltPsf o'jfx? k]z]a/ lyPgg\ . k]z]a/ ePsfx?sf] Tof] cj:yf g} x'Fb}g . t/ ;d:ofsf ?kdf /x]sf] nfu' cf}ifw k|of]ustf{x?sf] lgoGq0f afnaflnsfx?df al9/x]sf] 5 . k|of]u, cf];f/k;f/df ;+nUg u/fpg ;xh afnaflnsfx?df ePsf] 5 . of] s'/f s;n] ;'G5 < cleefjs g} ;r]t aGg ;s]gg\ eg] of] ;Dej klg 5}g . nfu' cf}ifwsf] unt af6f]df d]/f] k|j]z eof] . hLjgsf cg]s ef]ufO{x?n] dnfO{ Tof] df]8df k'¥ofof] . ag]kf c/lgsf] / ljkL /fhdfu{sf] s]G› xf] . Aofkf/Ls zx/df ljleGg lhNnfsf AolQmx?sf] a;f]af; / Aoj;fo ;+rfng ePsf] 5 . v'Nnf /fhdfu{sf sf/0f /fhwfgLaf6 cGoq / cGoqaf6 /fhwfgLdf nfu' cf}ifw tyf cGo t:s/Lsf ;fdfgx? n}hfg ;xh 5 . k|x/Ln] a]nf a]nf u/]sf] sf/jfxL jf r] s hfF r sf qmddf nfu' cf} i fw cf];f/k;f/df ;+nUgx?nfO{ kqmfp u/]sf] eP klg To;sf] d'Vo h/f] cem} kQf nufpg ;s]sf] 5}g / nfUg klg sl7g 5 . pd]/ x's{b} uPsf o'jf o'jtLx? nfu' cf}ifwsf] gzfaf6 n¶ ePsf 5g\ . ljz]ifu/L sIff !!÷!@ / yk txdf cWoog ug]{ ljBfyL{x? nfu' cf}ifw k|of]ustf{sf ?kdf b]lvPsf 5g\ . ;'g;/L lhNnf nf}sxL uflj; ^ sf !( alif{o wgjL/ s'df/ d08n nfu'

cf}ifwsf bnfnL sf/f]af/L x'g\ . pgnfO{ ef/t b]lv ;Gtf]if ofbjn] ;'g;/L;Dd nfu' cf}ifw NofO{ lbg] u/]sf /x]5g\ . ;'g;/Lsf] a;kfs{df ofbjn] nfu' cf}ifw NofO{ lbP kl5 wglj/ Tolx ;fdfg af]s]/ sfe|] cfO{k'U5g\ . ;Gtf]ifsf u|fxs w]/} 5g\ . w]/} o'jfx?n] plgx?af6} nfu' cf}ifw cf];f/k;f/ x'g] u/]sf] 5 . plg PSnf rflFx xf]O{gg\ . pgLx?nfO{ k|x/Ln] kqmfp u/] klg cGo ;~hfn s8f 5 . lhNnfsf ljleGg If]qdf nfu' cf}ifwsf 6\ofAn]6, l;l/Ghx? ljqmL ljt/0f eO{/x]sf] 5 . uf]Ko ?kdf x'Fb} cfPsf] sf/f]jf/df k|x/Ln] ck|];g dfkm{t lu/f]xsf ;b:ox? kqmfp ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . wgjL/nfO{ kqmfp u/]kl5 s]lx tYox? v'n]sf lyP . km]/L nfu' cf}ifw k|of]ustf{ ;lqmo ePsf 5g\ .

SofDk;, ljBfnosf 5fqfaf;x?df z'?df lgMz'Ns nfu' cf}ifwsf 6\ofAn]6 ljt/0f x'G5 . k|of]ustf{x?n] lgMz'Ns vfg yfn]kl5 afgL a:5 / lsg]/ vfg dg nfU5 . ha afgL k5{ Tolta]nf !% 6\ofAn]6 ePsf] kftfsf] * xhf/;Dd d'No lng] u/]sf 5g\ . zx/L If]qdf nfu' cf}ifw k|of]ustf{ / sf/f]af/Lx? uf]Ko ?kdf kl/rflnt ePsf 5g\ . k|x/Ln] klg xfdLnfO{ ;'„g cj;/ lbPsf] 5 . xfdL ;'„g] cj:yfdf 5f}+ . cfˆgf ;Gtfgsf] Vofn ;dod} ug{';\ . plgx?sf] /]vb]vsf nflu k};f dfq} ;ayf]s xf]O{g kmnf]ck / jftfj/0f dxTjk"0f{ xf] . ;a} afnaflnsfx?n] o;sf] k|of]u ug]{ cj:yf 5 . ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?n] ;dod} Wofg lbg ;s]gg\ eg] casf] s]lx jif{ of] v'n]cfd k|of]u x'G5 . nfu' cf}ifwsf] k|of]u ubf{ hLjgsf] :jl0f{d cfgGb k|fKt ePsf] cg'e"lt x'G5 . z/L/sf ;+j]bgzLn c+u c08sf]if glhs} lt3|fsf] sfkdf nfu' cf}ifw el/Psf] ;'O{ /f]lkG5 . z/L/sf ;a} efux?df Ps} k6s k|bfg ug]{ cfgGb g}

k|yd d]o/ sk t]SjfGbf] RofDkLogl;k ag]kf÷sfe|] t]SjfGbf] Ps]8]dL ag]kfsf] cfof]hgfdf k|yd d]o/ sk t]SjfGbf] RofDkLogl;k @)*) ag]kfdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] 5 . gu/ k|d'v zflGt/Tg zfSo / pkk|d'v ljdnf ;fksf]6fn] RofDkLogl;ksf] Ps sfo{qmdsf aLr sfe|] t]SjfGbf] Ps]8]dL xndf pb\3f6g u/]sf 5g\ . ;+:yfsf ;+:yfks cWoIf /fhdlGb/ >]i7sf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf g]kfn t]SjfGbf] Ps]8]dLsf

lgj{tdfg cWoIf cGhg wdnf, cWoIf k|lj0fs'df/ sfsL{ nufotsf ljleGg If]qsf AolQmx? ;xeflu lyP . sfo{qmddf Ps]8]dLsf lszf]/a?0f >]i7n] :jfut dGtAo /fv]sf lyP . ;f]lx cj;/df kf}if @) / @! ut] ;DkGg !! cf} /fli6«o t]SjfGbf] k|ltof]lutfdf d]8n ljh]tf c+;'n lwtfn, clD>0f k'Fjf/ yfkf, l/S;fª jfO{jf / sf]lknf :ofªtfgnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . RofDkLogl;kdf ljleGg ljBfdf v]nf8Lx?n] ;xeflutf hgfPsf 5g\ .

hLjg xf] . d}n] cfgGbsf nflu dfq} vfPF . o;d} 5 hLjg . l;l/Gh x/]s d]l8snx?df lgMz'Ns /flvPsf] x'G5 . klxn] klxn] Pp6} l;l/Gh w]/}n] k|of]u ubf{ ljleGg vfnsf /f]ux? ;g]{ u/]sf] lyof] . To;sf] /f]syfdsf nflu l;l/Gh km/s km/s / Ps k6s k|of]u u/]kl5 k'gM k|of]u gug]{ u/L lgMz'Ns ljt/0f z'? ul/Psf] xf] . l;l/Ghdf k|ltaGwfTds cf}ifwL g'lkmg, 8fO{hLkmfd, kmf]dfug ld;fO{G5 / k|of]u ul/G5 . xftsf gzfx?af6 lbg] cfgGb eGbf c08sf]if glhs} lbO{g] gfO{G6L l8u|Lsf] l;l/Ghn] dfq} hLjgsf] :jl0f{d cfgGb lbG5 . of] l;l/Gh / :yfgsf] k|of]u u/]kl5 nfu' cf}ifw k|of]ustf{n] csf{] :yfg /f]Hg} ;Sb}g . of] cf}ifwL g]kfndf vl/b ljqmL ;Dej 5}g . eQmk'/ / sf7df8f}sf s]lx d]l8snx?df n'lsl5kL ljqmL eP klg l;w} l5d]sL b]z ef/taf6} cfoft x'G5 . l8n/x? dfkm{t eujfgnfO{ xft hf]8]/ gd:sf/ u/] h;/L g} vl/b u/]/ Nofpg' k5{ . t/ klg k|fKt x'Fb}g . l;Gw'nL lhNnf xf] d]/f] 3/ . ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ & df ef8fdf d]/f] kl/jf/ a:b} cfPsf] 5 . afNosfndf d c;fWo} d]xgtL, OdfGbf/L / ;f]emf] AolQmsf] ?kdf lrlgPsf] /x]5' . ljBfnosf] h]xGbf/ ljBfyL{ lyPF . sIff ( df ag]kfs} Ps gLlh ljBfnodf cWoog ubf{ ub}{ d}n] ;fyLsf] ;+utaf6 nfu' cf}ifwsf] s'ntdf km:g k'u]+ . d]/f] ldNg] ;fyL Tof] ;+utdf /x]5 . dnfO{ yfxf g} ePg . z'?sf] lbg s] lyof] To;n] s] x'G5 a'em]s} lyO{gF . Tof] klg sIff sf]7fd} vfPsfn] vf;} dtna klg ePg . vfPkl5 eg] d}n] yf]/} a'em]+ . %) ?k}ofFdf !) 6\ofan]6 lsg]/ 3/d} NofO{ vfP kl5 dfq} d}n] hLjgsf] dHhf To;d} ePsf] a'‰g yfFn] . cWoogdf pTs[i6 eP kl5 dnfO{ ;a}n] dfof ug{' x'GYof] . d ;a}sf] gh/df /fd|f] ePsfn] d]/f

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ljjfx eO{;s]sf k'?ifx? >LdtLsf] dfofsf sf/0f nfu' cf}ifwsf] k|of]u 36fpFb} uPsf 5g\ eg] xfdLnfO{ s]lx rf;f] / k/jfx g} 5}g . zf/Ll/s ;DaGwsf] Kof; klg xfdL l;l/Ghaf6} d]6fpF5f}+ . lhNnfdf o:tf y'k|} ;]G6/x?

5g\ . cf];f/k;f/ eGbf klg xfdL cfkm} k|of]u ug{df hf]8 lbG5f}+ . 8«U; 6]:6 g} ug{' x'Fb}g . 6]i6 u/]kl5 lg:sg ;lsb}g . hLjg s] xf] < k|]d s] xf] < p;n] dfq} a'em]sf] x'G5 . lzlIftn] nfu' cf}ifw k|of]ustf{sf] efjgf a'‰b}g, a'em] klg a]jf:tf u5{ . a'af, cfdf / efO{ ljt] kl5 d / efO{ a:b} cfPsf 5f}+ . s]lx hUuf / 3/ ef8f jfktsf] k};fn] sfd rnfO{ /x]sf 5f}+ . k|x/Ln] kqmfp u/] kl5 d}n] c? ;fyLx?nfO{ hLjgsf] cg'ej ;'gfO{/x]sf] 5' . nfu' cf}ifwsf] cfoft, k|of]ustf{, vl/b ljqmLsf af/]df cg';Gwfg eO{/x]sf] 5 . d s;}nfO{ ljqmL ulb{gF . cfkm} k|of]u ug]{ dfq} xf] . dnfO{ k};fsf] dtna eP kf] ljqmL ug{' < xfdL ;'„g rfxG5f}+ t/ xfd|f] afgL g} v/fa eO{;Sof] . ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf] vf]nf l;dfgfdf lbpF;f] xfdL ;fyLx? al;/x]sf lyof}+ . xfd|f] ;fyaf6 k|x/Ln] $ ;o %& 6\ofan]6 nfu' cf}ifw a/fdb u¥of] . pQm 6\ofAn]6sf] d'No lgwf{/0fsf nflu 5nkmn rln/x]sf] lyof] . ;fyLx?nfO{ cˆ7of/f] k5{ eg] kl5 ef]lnkN6 d}n] ;fFufaf6 k|x/LnfO{ kqmfp u/fPF . ;'g;/L lhNnf nf}sxL uflj; lj/s'df/ d08nn] NofO{lbPsf lyP ;fdfg . pgL klxnf kfg k;ndf sfd ub{y] . aflx/ kfg k;n leq To:tf] sf/f]jf/ x'GYof] . b]vfP/ sf/f]jf/ gx'g] ePsfn] n'lsl5kL sf/f]jf/ x'g] u/]sf] xf] . eujfgnfO{ xft hf]8]/ cflz{jf{b dfUbf tTsfn k|flKt xf]nf t/ nfu' cf}ifw Nofpg]x?n] ;xh} lbg dfGb}gg\ . of] s'ntaf6 5'6\g t sl7g 5 g} s'ntd} nfUg glbg cleofg rfNg' knf{ ls <

pQd ldhf/ ag]kf, sfe|] -of] syf cfh ljxLjf/ a]n'sf * ah]sf] :yfgLo ;dfrf/kl5 b]j/fh a8fnsf] ;fydf k|fO{d PkmPd !)$=% d]ufxh{df ;'Gg ;Sg'x'g]5 ._

kgf}tL zxLb kfs{df zxLb lbj; dgfOof]

ljsf; ltdlN;gf÷kgf}tL zxLb lbj;sf cj;/df kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ * l:yt zxLb kfs{df zxLbsf] :df/sdf dfNofk{0f ul/Psf] 5 . j8f sfof{nosf] cfof]hgfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf k|eftkm]/L ;lxt zxLbsf] :df/sdf dfNofk{0f ul/Psf] xf] . zxLb z'qm/fh zf:qL, wd{eQm dfy]df, bz/y rGb, uËfnfn >]i7 / @)^@÷^# sf] hg–cfGbf]gndf hLjgsf] cfx'tL lbPsf kgf}tLsf ;u'g tfd|fsf/sf] ;flnsdf dfNofk{0f ul/Psf] xf] . kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ * sf j8f cWoIf a]bk|;fb a~hf/fsf] ;efkltTjdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf kgf}tL gu/kflnsfsf gu/ k|d'v /fdz/0f e08f/Lsf] k|d'v cfltYotf /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t /fdk|;fb cfrfo{, sfo{kflnsf ;b:o r08Lsf kl/of/, j8f ;b:o ljZjgfy >]i7, j8f ;lrj /fhs'df/ >]i7, kgf}tL k|x/L rf}sL OGrfh{ s'naxfb'/ s'Fj/, zx/L :jf:Yo rf}sL vl/jf]6sf OGrfh{ /]zd axfb'/ of]~hg, efn]Zj/ dflj / l;4fy{ jg:ynLsf lzIfs ljBfyL{ nufot :yfgLosf] pkl:ytL /x]sf] kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ * sL afnd}qL ;xhstf{ uLtf yfkfn] hfgsf/L lbOg\ . sfo{qmddf af]Nb} gu/ k|d'v e08f/Ln] c;n sd{ dfkm{t zxLbsf] ;kgf ;fsf/ kfg{'kg]{ atfPsf 5g\ . hgtfsf] hLjg:t/df kl/jt{g Nofpg ;Sg' g} zxLb k|tLsf] ;Rrf ;Ddfg x'g] e08f/Lsf] egfO{ lyof] . j8f cWoIf a~hf/fn] zxLbnfO{ ;Dem]/ sfo{qmd x'Fb} cfP klg pgLx?sf ;kgf k"/f ug{ x'g'kg]{ hlt sfd gePsf] atfPsf 5g . oBkL c;n k|of; hf/L /x]sf] pgsf] egfO{ lyof] .

^ dlxgfdf !) xhf/n] agfP /fxbfgL, >dsf nflu %&#* ljb]lzP w'lnv]n,sfe|]÷;'/lIft cfk|jf;g -;fdL_ sfo{qmd dfkm{t a}b]lzs /f]huf/df hfg rfxg]x?sf nflu ;"rgf k/fdz{ sfo{qmd dfkm{t rfn' jif{sf] kf}if d;fGt;Dd & xhf/ $ ;o @@ hgf nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ . cw{ aflifs { ;ldIff sfoq{mddf ;fdL sfoq{md sfes |] f ;o+fh ] s Pj+ l;ljs kmf/]dsf kd|v ' sfos { f/L clwst[ a;Gt sjF'/n] ab}l]zs /fh ] uf/df hfg] ko|fh ] gsf nflu # xhf/ & ;o #) hgfn] k/fdz{ lnPsf] atfP . h;df k? ' if @$ ;o #) hgf / dlxnf !@ ;o (@ hgf /xs ] f 5g\ . ;fdL sfoq{mdn] ab}l]zs /fh ] uf/df hfg] AolQmx?sf nflu ;r " gfdf kxr F' , ;Lk tflndsf nflu ;xlhs/0f, ;r " gf tyf tYofs + ;s + ng / Aoj:yfkg, ljlQo ;fIf/tf nufotsf

;ftfsf] /flzkmn ;fKtflxs k~rf·

ultljlwdf z'?df s;}n] rf;f] lbPg . ljZjf;df rln/Xof] . k};fsf] cefj slxNo} ePg . a'af cfdfn] d]/f nflu h]–h] eg] klg k'¥ofpg' eof] . cGttM d]/f] Wofg / ;f]r k9fO{df hfg 5f8\of] . d sIff ( d} km]n ePF . 3/af6 ufnL cfpg' :jefljs lyof] . ag]kfdf 5f8]/ dnfO{ sf7df8f}l:yt dfdf 3/df nu]/ /flvof] . tLg 5f]/f dWo] d h]7f] lyPF . dfO{nf] / sfG5f] ;fgf] ePsfn] dnfO{ vf;} dtna klg lyPg . 3/af6 dnfO{ olt :jtGq eof] ls k};fsf] s'g} k/jfx g} ePg . cleefjsn] hlt cfjZos 5 plt g} lbg] u/]sf lyP . dnfO{ sf7df8f} nluPsf] lyof] . ToxfF klg d cem} ljlu|PF . a'afcfdfn] t lgoGq0fdf /fVg g;s]sf] 5f]/f] d dfdfx?n] s;/L lgoGq0fdf lng' < ToxfFsf] ;+utdf d lbpF;} ‰ofk x'g yfFn] . d nufot pQm ljBfnosf w]/} ;fyLx? Tolx cleofgdf ;lqmo eP . d sIff ( t kf; ePF sIff !) df km]/L km]n ePF . aNn aNn P;Pn;Ldf ;xefuL ePsf] lyPF kf; x'g} ;lsgF . P;Pn;L plQ0f{ To;kl5 d]/f] k|fyldstfdf k/]g . hl08; /f]un] a'afsf] d[To' eof] . 5f]/f s'ntdf nfu]kl5 cfdf klg tgfjd} ljTg' eof] . Tof] Xboljbf/s 36gfx?sf sf/0f dnfO{ emg} tgfj eof] . tgfjs} sf/0f nfu' cf}ifwsf] k|of]u 5f8\g ;lsgF . a'af cfdfsf] lgwg x'g' cl3 d}n] l;l4 :d[lt c:ktfnsf] ;xof]udf sfe|] lhNnfdf hgr]tgfd'ns cleofg ;+rfng u¥of}+ . s'ntaf6 aflx/ lgsfNg cleofgstf{x?n] w]/} ;xof]u ug{'eof] . cem s'ntdf nfUbf klg ;'/lIft s;/L /xg] eGg] s'/f d}n] dfq} xf]O{g c?nfO{ klg l;sfPF . d}n] cfkm'n] nfu' cf}ifw slxNo} 5f8\g ;lsgF t/ 5f8\g ;lsg] af/]df atfpFb} uPF, To;sf] a]kmfO{bfsf af/]df atfpFb} uPF, Tolx cleofgaf6 y'k|} AolQmx? nfu' cf}ifw k|of]ustf{x? k'/fg} cj:yfdf kmls{Psf 5g\ . d eg] olx :yfgd} /dfpg yfn]+ .

Pl8S6sf] kL8f Pl8S6n] afx]s c?n] a'‰g} ;Sb}g . c?n] l5Ml5M / b'/b'/ u5{g\ . dfof / ddtf cfjZos eP klg s;}n] To;f] gubf{ xfd|f] ;+ut klg nfu' cf}ifw k|of]ustf{;Fu dfq} x'G5 . xfdLx? Ps–csf{ k|lt dfof u5f{} . h;sf sf/0f ljjfx, k|]d xfd|f nflu Tolt dxTj x'Fb}g .

v/sf] 5fgf]df /x]sf 5g\ . sf7sf] kmn\ofs /fv]sf 3/ kl/jf/ ^^, 9'+ufsf] 5fgf] ePsf 3/ % ;o @ j6f / 6fon tyf lem+u6L ePsf 3/ kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof ! xhf/ @ ;o && 5g\ . #* j6f 3/ kl/jf/n] lqkfn, :ofpnf tyf ljleGg lsl;daf6 5fgf] 9fs]sf 5g\ . (! xhf/ # ;o #) 3/ kl/jf/ dWo] %@ xhf/ ! ;o %( j6f 3/df h:tfsf] 5fgf] /x]sf] 5 . #& xhf/ %* 3/ kl/jf/n] 9nfg 3/ agfPsf 5g\ . k| l tztsf cfwf/df pQm ;+ V ofnfO{ /fli6« o hgu0fgf @)&* sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfdf kl/jf/n] k|of]u ul//x]sf] cfjf;Lo PsfO{x?sf] cj:yf dWo] %&=!! Kf|ltzt 3/ kl/jf/sf] 5fgf h:tf÷l6g÷Rofb/af6, $)=%* k|ltzt 3/ kl/jf/sf] 5fgf l;d]G6÷9nfnaf6, )=@% k|ltzt v/÷k/fn÷5\jfnLaf6, !=$) k|ltzt 3/kl/j/sf] 5fgf 6fon÷vk8f÷lemFu6Laf6, )=%% k|ltzt 3/ kl/jf/sf] 5fgf 9'+uf÷:n]6af6, )=)& k|ltzt 3/ kl/jf/sf] 5fgf sf7÷kmNofsaf6, )=)$ k|ltzt 3/ kl/jf/sf] 5fgf cGo ;fdfu|Lsf] k|of]uaf6 ag]sf 5g\ .

ljifodf ;xlhs/0f ul//xs ] f] 5 . wl'nvn ] , d08gbp]k/', eD'n' / /fz ] L ufpkFflnsfdf ;r + flnt sfoq{mdsf af/d]f ePsf ku|lt tyf lhNnf :t/df ePsf pknAwL tyf ;d:ofsf af/d]f ;ldIffdf 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . ab}l]zs /fh ] uf/ ljefusf] dfl;s kl|tjb]gdf pNnv ] ePsf] tYof+s cg';f/ >dsf nflu ljbl]zgx]?sf] ;V+of ^ dlxgfsf] cjwLdf % xhf/ & ;o #* /xs ] f] 5 . h;df k? ' if $ xhf/ ! ;o *& / dlxnf ! xhf/ % ;o %! /xs ] f] 5 . ;fpg dlxgfdf ( ;o (*, ebfd}f * ;o $!, c;fh ] df ( ;o &@, sflts { df * ;o @*, dl;/+df !! ;o &# / ki'fdf ( ;o @^ hgf >d l:jsl[t lnP/ ljbl]zPsf 5g\ . To;sf] cnfjf cWoogsf nflu / lelh6 leiffsf nflu

aflxl/g] lhNnfaf;Lx?sf] tYofs + bfA]a/ 5 . cflys { jif{ @)&(÷@)*) df >d l:jsl[t lnP/ ljbz ] hfgx]?sf] ;Vof sfea|] f6 !! xhf/ ( ;o $* /xs ] f] lyof] . of] cjwLdf lhNnf kz | f;g sfofn { oaf6 !) xhf/ %& hgfn] /fxbfgL agfPsf 5g\ . h;df ^ xhf/ ( k? ' if / $ xhf/ $* hgf dlxnf 5g\ . cw{aflif{s ;ldIff sfo{qmddf rf/j6f kflnsfdf sfo{/t l/6gL{ :j+o;]jsx?n] ePsf k|ult tyf ;d:ofsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP . d08g b]pk'/ gu/kflnsfdf ^ dlxgfsf] cjwLdf ( ;o $% hgfnfO{ ;"rgfdf kxr 'F sfo{qmd cGt{ut 3/ e]6 ul/Psf] 5 eg] a}b]lzs /f]huf/sf sf/0f ljb]zdf cnkq k/]sfnfO{ p4f/ ul/Psf] 5 . o'oO{sf] h]ndf

k/]sfnfO{ ;d]t lkmtf{ NofO{Psf] 5 . a}b]lzs /f]huf/sf qmddf lgwg ePsf AolQmsf kl/jf/nfO{ 5fqa[lQsf nflu kxn ul/Psf] 5 . pQm kflnsfdf ;'b{zg nD;fn, lgnk|;fb 9sfn, /fh' uf}tdn] l/6gL{ :j+;]jssf ?kdf sfo{ ul//x]sf 5g\ . a}b]lzs /f]huf/ afWotf xf]O{g, 5gf}6 agf];, a}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfFbf ;xL ;"rgf / ;Lk tyf tflnd lnP/ ug{' kg{] sfd, kfpg] tna ;]jf, ;'ljwfsf af/]df :ki6 eP/ hfg pQm sfo{qmd dfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{Psf] l/6{gL :j+o;]js lgnk|;fb 9sfnn] atfP . sfo{qmddf /f]zL ufpFkflnsfsf pkfWoIf lddaxfb' / jfO{ j f, w' l nv] n gu/kflnsf ;fdflhs ljsf; zfvf k|d'v ljb'/ uf}td nufotsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

-@)*) df3 !*–@$_

!( ut] ljZj l;d;f/ lbj;, @! ut] ljZj SofG;/ lbj; .

!*–@) ut];Dd ;fx; / w}o{tf j[l4 x'g]5, @!–@@ ut];Dd cfkmGt;Fu j}/efj j[l4 x'g ;Snf eg] clGtd b'O{ lbg cWoog cWofkgdf ?lr a9\g]5 . dGq M ç gdZrl08sfo M. !*–@) ut];Dd wg cfudgsf] gofF af6f] j[l4 x'g]5, @!–@@ ut];Dd df]6f] wg /fzL vr{ xf]nf, afFsL lbgdf pkxf/ cflb j:t' ldNg]5 . dGq M ç x|L+ a6's e}/jfo x|L+ ç . !*–@) ut];Dd ljk/Lt lnËaf6 ;'v k|flKt x'g]5, @!–@@ ut];Dd /f]u / zq' j[l4 xf]nfg\, afFsL lbgdf efUof]bosf] ;do /xFbf dg k|zGg /xnf . dGqM ç u+ u0fkto gd M.

j[if

sGof

ds/

!*–@@ ut];Dd cfsl:ds wgne, cw'/f sfo{x? ;xh} ;kmn, /fd|f] dfG5]sf] ;+ut a9\nf, @#–@$ ut];Dd k]6df ljsf/, hnsf] eo /xnf . dGq M P]+ x|L+ SnL+ rfd'08fo} ljRo}M . !*–@@ ut];Dd k"/} /fHoaf6 ;'v nfe, JOfkf/af6 dg1 wg k|flKt, hflu/df k|dfz]g ldNg]5, afFsL lbgdf zq' j[l4 x'g ;Snfg\ . dGq M ç lg+ lglvn+_ lg+ ç . !*–@@ ut];Dd zq'efj ldqdf kl/0ft, ld7f k|]d jftf{nfe, ;fgf] t/ nfebfos ofqfsf] of]u /x]sf] 5, afFsL lbgdf em'6f cf/f]k cfpg ;Snf . \dGq M ç gdf] eujt] jf;'b]jfo M.

/} ;ftf z'e /x]sfn] dfg ;Ddfg ldy'g k|flKt, af]nk"Lsf] k|efj j[l4 x'Fbf sfo{df ;kmntf k|flKt, bfh'efO{af6 ;xof]u k|flKt, cfo j[l4 x'g]5 . dGq M ç e+ e+ e}/jfo gd M .

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of] ;ftf k"/} ;sf/fTds /x]sfn] df+ulns sfo{df ;xeflutf, OlR5t sfo{df k"0f{tf k|flKt, ;do cfkm\gf] cg's"ndf /xg]5 . dGq M ç x|L+ ;j{sfo{ ;fkmNo x|L+ ç . of] ;ftf kfl/jf/Ls ;'v k|flKt, /f]uaf6 d'lQm, Jofkf/ / Joj;foaf6 nfe k|flKt, 3/df ;'v zflGtsf] ;fy;fy} dfg kb P]Zjo{ j[l4 x'g]5 . dGq M P]+ x|L+ P]+ ;/:jTo} gdM.

cRo"tfgGb Hof]= cfo"j{]lbs cf}ifwfno,ag]kf, kgf}tL/f]8,uf]bfdrf]s, kmf]g g+= )!!^^#$(^

;'?sf] # lbg gs/fTds ss{6 ;do ePsfn] dg lvGg /xnf, afFsL lbgdf ldi7fGg ef]hg k|flKt, ldq ;'v, zq'dfly ljho k|flKt x'g]5 . dGq M ç lx/0ouef{o gdM.

!*–@) ut];Dd d[To't'No

j[lZrs si6 cfOkg{] x'Fbf ;ts{ /xg'xf]nf, afFsL

lbgdf u'?ju{af6 ;xof]u k|flKt, lktfsf] ;xof]un] sd{ k|flKt x'g]5 . dGq M ç gdM lzjfo M. !*–@) ut];Dd g/fd|f] ;kgf

dLg cfpgfn] lrQdf r+rntf a9\g ;Snf,

afFsL lbgdf nfdf] ofqfsf] of]u, zq' gfz, a}+s Jofn]G; a9\g]5 . dGq M ç z+ zq'bdgfo km6\ M.

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egf{ v'Nof] Ûegf{ v'Nof] ÛÛ ljZjljBfno cg'bfg cfof]u (UGC) af6 u'0f:t/sf] QAA k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf] sfe|] lhNnfsf] pTs[i6 z}lIfs ;+:yfdf z}lIfs ;q @)*).)*! sf] nflu :gfts (Bachelor) tx / :gftsf]Q/ tx (Master Degree) sf sIffx?df egf{ v'Nof] .

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B.A.

Sociology & Rural Development

B.B.S.

n]vf kmfO{gfG;

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kmf]g g+= )!!–$$))@*, (*$!$#!))!, (*$!#))*)*

>L sd{rf/L art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=

>L ;/:jtL cfwf/e"t ljBfno

w'lnv]n, sfe|]knf~rf]s

ag]kf gu/kflnsf–&, sfe]|knf~rf]s

!% cf}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DaGwL ;"rgf

lzIfs cfjZostf

>L sd{rf/L art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=sf] ldlt @)*)÷)(÷@% ut] a;]sf] ;+rfns ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{ofg';f/ tklznsf] ldlt, :yfg / ;dodf lgDg ljifox?df 5nkmn ul/ lg0f{o lngsf nflu o; ;+:yfsf] kGw|f}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef a:g] ePsfn] clgjfo{ pkl:yltsf] nflu xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ . sfo{qmd M ldlt M@)*)÷!)÷@^ ut], z'qmaf/ ;do M lbgsf] ! ah] /Tgaxfb'/ clwsf/L :yfg M e]6]l/g/L c:ktfn tyf kz' ;]jf, w'lnv]n ;lrj 5nkmnsf ljifox?

– cf=j=@)&(÷)*) sf] ;lrj, sf]iffWoIf / n]vf ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg dfly 5nkmn u/L kfl/t ug{] ;DaGwdf .

– cf=j=@)&(÷)*) sf] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg dfly 5nkmn u/L kfl/t ug{] ;DaGwdf .

– cf=j=@)*)÷)*! sf] nflu n]vfk/LIfs lgo"lQm tyf lghsf] kfl/>lds tf]Sg] ;DaGwdf .

– cf=j=@)*)÷)*! sf] nflu tof/ u/]sf] jflif{s gLlt, sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 dfly 5nkmn u/L kfl/t ug{] ;DaGwdf .

– ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{o k'l:tsfdf x:tfIf/ u/L lg0f{o k|dfl0ft ug{ k|ltlglw rog ug{] ;DaGwdf .

– ljljw ;DaGwdf .

k|ydk6s ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)*).!).!*

o; ljBfnodf b]xfoadf]lhdsf] lzIfs kbk"lt{ ug{'kg{] ePsf] x'Fbf tkl;nsf] of]Uotf k'u]sf OR5's g]kfnL gful/sx?af6 tf]lsPsf] ldltleq l/tk"j{ssf] b/vf:t cfJxfg ul/G5 . tx M k|f=lj= lzIfs -t[tLo_ ;+Vof M ! hgf ;]jf M s/f/ of]Uotf M k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq tx pQL0f{ jf ;f] eGbf dfly tna :s]n M g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s] adf]lhd pd]/ M !* jif{ k"/f eO{ $) jif{ ggf3]sf] k/LIff b:t'/ M ?= !)))÷– 5gf}6 k|lqmof M lnlvt tyf cGtjf{tf{ b/vf:t lbg] clGtd ldlt M @)*).!!.$ ;Dd ;Dks{ ldlt M @)*).!!.^ ut] cfjZos sfuhkq != g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|ltlnlk @= z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk #= lg/f]lutfsf] k|df0fkq $= cWofkg cg'dlt kqsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk cfj]bg lbg] :yfg M ljBfno gf]6 M yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu ljBfno v'n]sf] lbg !) ah]b]lv lbpF;f] $ ah];Dd ljBfnodf ;Dks{ ;lsg]5 ._ ;Dks{ g+= (*$!))^$%^ -k|=c=_

s[i0f k|;fb c:ktfn rf/bf]af6f], ag]kf

;:tf] / e/kbf{] pkrf/sf] nflu xfd|f ;]jfx? M 48fS6/ pknAw ljxfg & ah]b]lv a]n'sf & ah];Dd .

48fS6/ e'if0f >]i7 ljxfg !! ah]b]lv lbpF;f] @ ah];Dd .

4:qL /f]u ljz]if1 lbpF;f] !@ ah]b]lv ! ah];Dd .

4xf8 hf]gL{ ljz]if1 lbpF;f] !@ ah]b]lv $ ah];Dd .

4afn/f]u ljz]if1 x/]s lbg a]n'sf % ah] / zlgjf/ ljxfg !) ah]b]lv % ah];Dd .

4gfs sfg 3fF6L lbpF;f] ! ah]b]lv $ ah];Dd .

4dfgl;s /f]u ljz]if1 dlxgfsf] bf]>f] zlgjf/ lbpF;f] @ ah]b]lv $ ah];Dd .

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Banepa-9, Nayabasti, Kavre Phone: 011660792, 662355, 9841595017, 9841775587

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