Year 30 issue 10

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CHESHTA WEEKLY jif{ #) c+s !) @)*) kf}if @^ ut] ljxLjf/ (Thursday, 11 Jan. 2024) g]kfn ;+jt\ !!$$, d"No ?= %. -pkTosfsf] nflu ?= &_ k]h * www.cheshtaweekly.com.np

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sfe|]af6 gful/stf / /fxbfgL lnPsf ljb]zL gful/sx?

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– j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf k7fpg] JolQm jf ;+:yf cflwsfl/s xf], xf]Og osLg u/f}+ .

– j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf nflu ko{6s le;fsf] k|of]u gu/f}+ .

– >d :jLs[lt lnP/dfq j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfcf}+ .

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sf7df8f} lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 gful/stf vl/b ljqmL x'g] u/]sf] v'nf;f eP;Fu} pQm kmfF6df sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx? dWo] s]lxsf] sfe|] ;?jf eof] . ToxfFaf6 ;?jf x'g] sd{rf/Lx? dWo] clws[t e'k]Gb| kf08]o Ps x'g\ . plg ;Fu} ;'Aaf /fdrGb| cof{n klg sfe|] cfP . @)&# sflt{s @@ ut] xflh/ ePsf kf08]o sfe|]df xflh/ ePsf lyP . plg @)&$ h]7 d;fGt;Dd sfo{/t /x] . ;'Aaf @)&# sflt{s @@ ut]af6 @)&% c;f/ d;fGt;Dd sfo{/t lyP . plg;Fu} csf{ clws[t emk]Gb|/fh v/]n @)&$ ebf}af6 O{nfsf k|zf;g sfof{no dxfef/t 3lt{5fksf] b/jGbLdf xflh/ eP . dxfef/tdf Onfsf sfof{no :yfkgf gePsfn] sfof{no sfe|]d} /fv]/ plg sfo{/t lyP . pgL @)&& h]7 @ ut];Dd Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no dxfef/tdf sfo{/t lyP . lgdfsf] gful/stfdf pg} v/]n clws[tn] @)&$ k'if @) ut] x:tfIf/ u/]sf 5g\ . ;f]lxlbg lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no sfe|]sf] /]s8{df %! j6f gful/stf ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . !!*#) af6 !!*&! gDj/;Ddsf] gful/stf dWo] !!*^) af6 dfq} v/]nsf] x:tfIf/ 5 . To; cl3sf] $) j6f gful/stfdf clws[t l;tf/fd yfkfsf] x:tfIf/ /x]sf] 5 . kf08]o ;?jf eP nuQ} lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf gful/stf vl/b ljqmL x'G5 eGg] ;"rgf k|fKt eof] . kf08]o, v/]n / cof{nsf] l6dn] pQm cjwLdf # ;o %) j6f gful/stfsf] cg';"rL ufoa kf/]sf] cg';Gwfgdf v'n]sf] 5 . gful/stfsf nflu k|ltgful/stf # nfv b]lv % nfv;Dd lnPsf] k|f/lDes cg';Gwfgaf6 v'n]sf] lyof] . pQm cjwLdf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L lzjk|;fn l;+v8f eP klg cfkm'nfO{ pQm ljifodf hfgsf/L gePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . l;+v8f kl5 s[i0f /fpt k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf] sfo{sfndf ePsf] 5fgljgsf] k|ltj]bg sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]g . sf/jfxL gePs} sf/0f ;'Aaf /fdrGb| cof{n ;?jf eP kl5 /dfgf lbg] ;dodf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no sfe|]af6 kl5 vf]hL ePsf avt cg';"rL pknAw u/fpg] zt{df sfuh u/fP/ /dfgf lbO{Psf] lyof] . pQm cg';'rL To; kl5sf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lx? s;}n] klg vf]hljg ug{] rf;f] lbPg . x'dsnf kf08] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf] sfo{sfndf cWofudg ljefu, k|x/L k|wfg sfof{no nufotsf sfof{non] lgdfsf] ljj/0f ;f]wvf]h u/] kl5 cg';Gwfg z'? ePsf] lyof] . cWofudg ljefun] @)&* kmfu'g @& ut], k|x/L k|wfg sfof{non] @)&* kmfu'g !* ut] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]snfO{ bfjf l5l/Ë / lgdf tfdfª eGg] AolQm Ps} x'g\ ls x}gg\ < cg';'rLsf] k"0f{ ljj/0f / a;fO{ ;/fO{sf] sfuhft dfu u/]sf] lyof] . lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non] bfjf l5l/Ësf] ljj/0f km]nf gk/]sf] t/ lgdf tfdfªsf] clen]v eP klg cg';'rL gePsf], j8fdf !)÷!@ jif{ b]lv gePsf] ljj/0f @)&* r}q @) ut] k7fPsf] lyof] . pQm cg';Gwfg kl5 k'gM lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no sfe|]n] @)&( c;f/ @( ut] gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsfdf lgdfsf ljifodf hfgsf/L dfu u/]sf] lyof] . gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsfn] j8f sfof{nonfO{ n]v]sf] kqsf cfwf/df j8f cWoIf s[i0f nfdfn] lgdf tfdfª eGg] AolQmsf nflu gful/stfsf] l;kmfl/; klg gul/Psf] / tLg k':t] ljj/0f klg gePsf] hfgsf/L u/fPsf] lyof] . ;'Aaf cof{nsf bfh' Dofgkfj/ Aoj;foL x'g\ . k|ltj]bgdf s}lkmot b]lvPsf dWo] kf08]osf] ;?jf ePsf], v/]n O{nfsf dxfef/t uPsf lyP . cof{nnfO{ gful/stf kmfF6af6 x6fP/ & lbgsf] clN6d]6d ;lxt :kl:6s/0f ;f]lwPsf] lyof] . pgn] c3f{vfFrLsf b'O{ hgf >Ldfg >LdtLnfO{ gSsnL sfuhft agfP/ gful/stf lbnfPsf] v'n]sf] lyof] . pgsf bfh'n] To;/L gful/stf lnPsf AolQmx?nfO{ ljleGg d'n's k7fpg] u/]sf lyP . pQm ljifodf klg cem} 5fgljg ePsf] 5}g . pgLx?sf] 7]ufgf ag]kf !# ;fFuf /flvPsf] lyof] . j8f sfof{non] l;kmfl/; gu/]sf] hfgsf/L u/fP kl5 plgx?sf] gful/stf /2 ul/Psf] lyof] . bfjfn] @)&$ k'; @) ut] sfe|]knf~rf]ssf] gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsf !! af6 a+zhsf] gful/stf lgsfn]sf lyP . gful/stf lnPsf] Ps dlxgfd} pgn] @)&$ df3 !! ut] g]kfnL /fxbfgL lgsfn]sf lyP . g]kfnL gful/stf / /fxbfgLdf pgsf] hGd ldlt @)$! j}zfv !% ut] pNn]v 5 . clxn] pgL g]kfnL / a]lNhod b'j} d'n'ssf] /fxbfgL k|of]u u5{g . a]lNhodsf] /fxbfgLdf eg] pgsf] hGd ldlt @)$) r}t # ut] /flvPsf] 5 eg] 7]ufgf lnyfª pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . lnyfª ltAatdf k5{ . g]kfnL /fxbfgLsf] Dofb ! dfr{ @)@* ;Dd / a]lNhod /fxbfgLsf]] Dofb # hgj/L @)#) ;Dd 5 . lgdf tfdfªn] gful/stfdf k]df tfdfª

g]kfn k|x/L ljlwlj1fg k|of]uzfnfsf] kl/If0f k|ltj]bg cg';f/ g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf lgdf tfdfª eGg] AolQmsf] g]kfnsf] /fxbfgL k|fKt ug{] k|of]hgfy{ /fxbfgL ljefudf /x]sf] cf}7f5fk / a]lNhodsf /fxbfgLafxs bfjf l5l/Ësf] cf}7f5fk d]n vfg'n] lgdf tfdfª / bfjf l5l/Ë b'O{ km/s AolQm geO{ Ps} AolQm ePsf] k'li6 ePsf] ;fy} lghn] em'7f ljj/0f k]z u/L g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq / /fxbfgL k|fKt u/]sf] s'/fdf b'ljwf /x]g . ctM lghnfO{ g]kfnsf] k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd g]kfnsf] gful/stf / g]kfnsf] /fxbfgLaf6 x6fpg] tkm{ cfjZos sf/jfxL / g]kfndf lghn] u/]sf cGo s;'/sf ;DjGwdf ;d]t k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd cfjZos sf/jfxL cuf8L a9fpg pko'Qm x'g] b]lvG5 . ;fy} lgdf tfdfª nufotnfO{ gful/stf pknAw u/fpg] sfo{df ;+nUg sd{rf/LnfO{ sfg"g cg';f/ / lgdf tfdfªnfO{ s8f sf/jfxL ug{ lgb{]zg lbPsf] 5 . Ps} lbg gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf kf;fª tfdfªnfO{ tTsfn kqmfp u/L cg';Gwfg ug{ klg ;ldltn] lgb{]zg lbPsf] 5 . gful/stf h:tf] ljifodf ulx/f] cg';Gwfg tyf 5fgljg gu/L kof{Kt k|df0f Pj+ cg';'rL ! /x]sf] jf g/x]sf] olsg gu/L gful/stf k|bfg ug{ ;gfvt ug{] gf;' /fdrGb| cof{n, gful/stf x:tfIf/ ul/lbg] tTsflng k|zfzsLo clws[t emk]Gb|/fh v/]nnfO{ cfjZos sf/jfxLsf nflu lgb{]zg lbPsf] 5 . ;f]lx k|ltj]bg sfof{Gjog ug{ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ?b|fb]jL zdf{n] k|x/L sfof{nonfO{ kq k7fPsL l5g\ . pQm k|s/0fsf nflu u[x dGqfnon] pk ;lrj :t/Lo 5fgljg ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] lyof] . /flvPsf] 5 . gful/stf k|df0fkq gDj/ #)–!–&$–!!*^* /x]sf] 5 . ;'g t:s/L;Fu hf]l8Psf ljb]zL AolQmx?sf] ;fydf g]kfnL gful/tf km]nf k/];Fu} g]kfn k|x/L k|wfg sfof{no s]Gb|Lo cg';Gwfg Ao"/f] -l;cfO{jL_ sf] 6f]nLn] u/]sf] cg';Gwfgdf yk Ps hgfn] gful/stf / /fxbfgL lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no sfe|]af6 lnPsf] v'n]sf] 5 . ;'g t:s/L k|s/0fdf kqmfp k/]sf bfjf l5l/Ë elgg] lgdf tfdfªn] @)&$ kf}if @) ut] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no sfe|]af6 gful/stf lnPsf lyP . @)&* ;fndf klg pgsf af/]df cg';Gwfg ePsf] lyof] . gful/stf lng k|of]u ePsf cg';'rLx? ufoj agfO{Psf], ljb]zL ePsf] tyf ljleGg ck/flws s[ofsnfkdf ;+nUg ePsf] k'i6L eP klg bfjfnfO{ sf/jfxL gePsf] dfq} xf]O{g pgsf] gful/stf klg /2 ul/Psf] lyPg . bfjfn] cfkm\g} bfh' agfP/ afa' k]df tfdfª /fv]/ kf;fª tfdfªsf gfddf lrlgofF gful/snfO{ Ps} lbg gful/stf lbnfPsf lyP . plg sf] x'g\ < s] ub{}5g\ cem} v'n]sf] 5}g . …lrlgof gful/s nL g]ªsfO{sf] ;fydf /fd nfdf / ;f]gfd nfdf gfdsf b'O{j6f /fxbfgL a/fdb ePsf 5g\Ú–>f]tn] atfof]–…/fd / ;f]gfdn] Ps} lbg sfe|]af6 @)&* k'if * ut] /fxbfgL lnPsf x'g\ . plgx?n] lnPsf] /fxbfgL cg';f/sf] gful/stf gDj/ eg] u[xdGqfnosf] /]s8{df e]l6b}g .Ú . l;cfO{jLn] #)#)%(–@*( gDj/sf] gful/stfaf6 !@^)&%($ gDj/sf] /fxbfgL lng] AolQmsf af/]df lj:t[t ljj/0f k7fpg lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf gfddf efb| @$ ut] cfO{taf/ kqfrf/ u/]sf] lyof] . @)$# ;fn c;f]h ( ut] hGd ldlt /fv]/ sfe|]knf~rf]ssf] 7]ufgf /flvPsf ;f]gfd nfdf sfe|]sf x}gg\ . pgsf] /fxbfgL @)&* k'if @! ut] sfe|]af6} hf/L ePsf] 5 . /fbxfgL / gful/stf hf/L ubf{sf avt k]z ul/Psf s'g} sfuhft lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nosf] /]s8{df 5}gg\ . t/ clen]vdf pgn] sfe|]af6 /fxbfgL lnPsf] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ;f]gfdsf] gfddf hf/L ePsf] gful/stf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no sfe|]sf] clen]vdf cs{} AolQmsf gfddf b]lvPsf] 5 . /fd]5fk dfO{tL eO{ sfe|]sf] ;fljs ledvf]/L uflj; 3/ ePsL Ps dlxnfsf gfdfd @)^# ;fndf hf/L ePsf] gful/stf gDj/ ;f]gfdn] agfPsf] /fxbfgLdf k|of]u ePsf] 5 . /fd nfdfsf] hGd @)%# a}zfv !% ut] /flvPsf] 5 . sfe|]sf] uf]7kfgL ! 7]ufgf /fv]/ gful/stf agfO{Psf] 5 . !@%*($%& gDj/sf] /fxbfgL lnPsf /fdsf] gful/stf gDj/ #)#)$!–@@%$ xf] . of] lhNnfsf] clen]vdf gSsnL xf] . o:tf] vfnsf] gDj/ sfe|]af6 hf/L ePsf] gful/stfdf 5}g . ;f]gfdsf] /fxfbfgL gDj/ !@%*($%^ / gful/stf gDj/ #)#)$@–@@%$ xf] . hG ldlt @)%# ebf} & /flvPsf] 5 . pgsf] 7]ufgf dflemkm]bf /flvPsf] 5 . gful/stf / /fxbfgLsf] gDj/ ;Fu} 5 . plgx? b'a} hgf g]kfnL x}gg\ . k|x/Lsf] /]s8{df eg] bfjf, ;f]gfd / /fdsf] dfq} gful/stf km]nf k/]sf] lyof] . cg';Gwfgdf kf;fª / t]lGhª klg km]nf k/]sf 5g\ . t]lGhªsf] /fxbfgL gDj/ !!**)#! xf] . @)@)–@–@$ cyf{t @)&^ kmfu'g !@ ut] sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfaf6 lnPsf] /fxbfgLdf @)#( h]7 @$ ut] hGd ldlt /flvPsf] 5 . To;df sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf hGd :yfg pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . cGo AolQmx? klg ljb]zL ePsf] cfz+sf ul/Psf] 5 .

#

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

k};fs} sf/0f aGg ;s]g vfgLvf]nfdf c:ktfn

jif{ #) c+s !) @)*) k'; @^ ut] ljxLjf/

s[ifs ;d'xdf ;b:osf] %) nfv /sd clgoldt – ( jif{ b]lv cGof]ndf ;b:o

‘cg'udg x'G5, kof{Kt ah]6 x'“b}g’– :yfgLo ;/sf/

vfgLvfn ] f sfek|] nf~rfs ] lhNnfsf] ljs6 kflnsf vfgLvf]nfdf lgdf{0ffwLg cfwf/e""t c:ktfn ah]6 cefjsf ynf k/]sf] c:ktfn cem} p7\g ;s]sf] 5}g . kof{Kt ah]6 gePsf sf/0f c:ktfn lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ cem} z'? x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . c:ktfn aGg] cf;df /x]sf :yfgLox¿ pkrf/ cefjs} sf/0f d[To'sf] d'vdf k'Ug afWo 5g\ . …of] c:ktfn agfpg] lhDd]jf/L xfd|f] xf] . xfdL agfp5Ff}+Ú–k|b]z ;/sf/sf dGqL o' j /fh b' n fnn] eg]–…lgdf{0f Aoj;foL / tTsflng ;dodf :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] ;d]t k|fljlws q'6Lsf sf/0f cnkq k/]sf] c:ktfn lgdf{0f k|b]z ;/sf/n] agfpg] 5 .Ú c:ktfn nufotsf ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] cg'udg tyf lznfGof; sfo{qmddf k'u]sf afudtL k|b]z ;/sf/sf ef}lts k'jf{wf/ dGqL o'j/fh b'nfnn] vfgLvf]nfsf] cnkq c:ktfn lgdf{0f ug{] k|ltj4tf AoQm u/] . rfn' jif{sf nflu tLg s/f]8 ah]6 ljlgof]hg ePsf] pgn] atfP . c:ktfn gePs} sf/0f gful/sx?n] csfndf Hofg u'dfpg' k/]sf] vfgLvf] n f ufpF k flnsfsf cWoIf OG›axfb'/ lyËn] atfP . …;8s aGb x'bFf PDa'n]G; hfg ;Sb}g . glhs} c:ktfn 5}g . la/fdL x'bFf dg{'sf] ljsNk 5}gÚ– cWoIf lyËn] eg]–…vfgLvf]nfaf;Ln] cfwf/e"t

c:ktfn / ;8ssf sf/0f b}lgs ef]Ug' k/]sf ;d:ofdf ;+3 / k|b]z ;/sf/n] kof{Kt rf;f] lbg ;s]sf] 5}g . c:ktfn lgdf{0ffwLg 5 . ax'jifL{o ah]6df ;dfj]z ug{' kg]{ c:ktfn lgdf{0fsf] sfo{nfO{ Ps jif{d} ;Lldt ul/ lbPsf sf/0f lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] lgdf{0f ;DkGg u/]sf] k"jf{wf/sf] # s/f]8 /sd e'QmfgL kfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . afs F L sfo{ cw'/f] x'bFf c:ktfn z'¿ u/]/ ;]jf rfn' x'g] :yfgLosf] ck]Iffdf t'iff/fkft ePsf] 5 .Ú rfn' jif{df ljlgof]hg ePsf] # s/f]8 ah]6 cem} lgdf{0f Aoj;foLnfO{ e'QmfgL x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . pQm /sd e'QmfgL x'Fbf klg afs F L /sd ljlgof]hg gx'bFf ;Dd c:ktfn lgdf{0f x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf 5}g . c:ktfnsf] ;d:of / k|fljlws q'6Lsf ljifodf dGqL b'nfnsf cnfjf lhNnf l:yt sfof{nox?sf] tkm{af6 ;d]t k6s k6s cg'udg ePsf] 5 . …d'Vo s'/f k};f /x]5 . ah]6 eP klg sfof{Gjg x'g g;Sg] cj:yf l;h{gf ePsf] 5Ú–cWoIf lyËn] eg]–…rfn' jif{df lgdf{0f Aoj;foLsf] /sd e'QmfgL eP/ yk sfo{sf nflu ah]6 ljlgof]hg x'bFf dfq} c:ktfn aGg] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrt x'g ;S5 .Ú vfgLvf]nf ufpkFflnsfsf] j8fgDa/ % l:yt tfn9'+uf :jf:Yo rf}sLnfO{ cfwf/e"t c:ktfnsf ¿kdf ljsf; ug]{ u/L !) z}ofsf] c:ktfn lgdf{0fsf] sfo{

‘;"rgfsf] rnv]n / nf]stGq’ ;DaGwL tflnd rGb|flu/L÷…;"rgfsf] rnv]n / nf]stGq ;DjGwL afudtL k|b]z :t/Lo tflnd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;]G6/ km/ ldl8of l/;r{ g]kfnsf] cfof]hgfdf ;DkGg tflnddf cfO{cf/cfO{sf] ;xof]u /x]sf] lyof] . …ldYof ;"rgf lj?4 xfdLÚ eGg] cleofgsf ;fy ;"rgfsf] rnv]n / nf]stGq ;DjGwL tflnd o; cl3 5 j6f k|b]zdf ;DkGg eO{;s]sf] 5 . tflnddf ;xeflux?nfO{ l;Pdcf/ g]kfnsf cWoIf lbks cof{nn] k|df0fkq ljt/0f u/]sf lyP . k|df0fkq ljt/0f ;Fu} cWoIf cof{nn] g]kfnL ;dfh nxnx}df dfq} ljZjf;df kg{] ePsfn] tYo ;"rgfsf nflu ;fIf/tf cleofg ;+rfng ug{' kg{] atfP . tflnddf afudtL k|b]zsf /fhgLlts If]qdf s[oflzn o'jfx?, ;fdflhs If]qdf s[oflzn o'jfx? / ;+rf/sdL{ ;lxt @) hgf ;xeflu lyP . tflnddf cfO{ c f/cfO{ s f k| l tlglw o' j /fh cfrfo{n] ldYof ;"rgf km}ng glbg ljleGg If]qsf AolQmx? ;lqmo x'g' kg{] atfP . al/i7 ;+rf/sdL{åo pHHjn cfrfo{ / pd]z >]i7n] tflnddf ;xeflux?nfO{ k|lzIf0f lbPsf lyP eg] ;+rf/sdL{ e'jg s];L, r]tgf s'Fj/, ;~h' ;'j]bLn] ;xhLs/0f u/]sf lyP . ;"rgfsf] rnv]n ug{]x?n]

k|of]u ug{] dfWod s] s] x'g ;S5g\ < s:tf] ;dodf w]/} ;"rgfsf] rnv]n x'g ;S5 < ldYof ;"rgf lj?4 s;/L n8\g] < ;"rgfsf] tYo hfFr s;/L ug{] < tYo hfFr s] xf] < tYo hfFrs} cflwsf/Lstf s] xf] < s;/L ljZjf; ug{] < k|ljwLsf] a9\bf] k|of]un] ylkPsf r"gf}tL;Fu s;/L ;fdgf ug{] < nufotsf ljifodf tflnddf hfgsf/L u/fO{Psf] lyof] . ldl8of / ;"rgf ;fIf/tf s;/L ;Dej 5 < nufotsf ljifodf tflnddf ;xeflux?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fO{Psf] lyof] . ldYof ;"rgf s;/L klxrfg ug{], ;"rgfsf] rnv]n s;/L yfxf kfpg], ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] k|of]usf] pTs[i6 pkof]u s;/L ug{], ;"rgf dfyLsf] ldYof ;"rgfsf] tYo / ;"rgftyf nf]stGqsf] ;DjGwsf af/]df ;xeflux?n] lh1f;f /fv]sf lyP . nf]stflGqs lg0f{o k|s[ofnfO{ k|efj kfg{ jf afwf k'¥ofpg ;"rgfsf] rnv]n ug{] ;'lgof]lht /0fgLltnfO{ s;/L lrGg] < lsg rnv]n ul/G5 < s:tf] x'G5 rnv]n < s:tf] k|efj kf5{ < rnv]n s;n] u5{ < pkb|jL kfqx? sf] x'g\ < s] s:tf ;fdu|L k|of]u u/]/ ;"rgfsf] rnv]n x'g ;S5 < To;sf /0fgLlt s:tf x'g ;S5g\ < nufotsf ljifodf tflnddf hfgsf/L u/fO{Psf] lyof] .

k|f/De ul/Psf] lyof] . tTsfnLg s]kL cf]nL g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/n] b]ze/sf :yfgLo txdf cfwf/e"t c:ktfn lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ k|fyldstfdf /fv]sf] lyof] . @)&* c;f/ @( ut] t'GbL–hDa'bLk h]eL lgdf{0f sDkgLn] vfgLvf]nf ufpFkflnsfsf] cfwf/e't c:ktfn lgdf{0fsf nflu ;Demf}tf u/]sf] lyof] . !^ s/f]8 ^$ nfv ?lkofdFf af]nkq cfXjfg u/]sf]df !@ s/f]8 %$ nfv ?lkofdFf ;Demf}tf ePsf] lyof] . lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] sfo{ ;DkGg u/]sf cfwf/df ;f9] b'O{ s/f]8 ?lkofF e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . t/ t'GbL–hDa'bLk h]eL lgdf{0f sDkgLn sl/a # s/f]8 e'QmfgL lng afs F L /x]sf]] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . /sd e'QmfgL eP t'?Gt} c:ktfn lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ Joj;foLn] atfPsf 5g\ . @)&( c;f/ d;fGt;Dddf c:ktfnsf] ejg lgdf{0f ;DkGg eO{ ;Sg'kg]{ eP klg z'¿df hUuf ljjfb kl5 ah]6 gePsf sf/0f lgdf{0f sfo{ /f]lsPsf] lyof] . Dofb ;lsPsf] Ps jif{ lgdf{0fsf] cjlw ylkPsf] eP klg e'QmfgL gePs} sf/0f ylkPsf] Dofbleq c:ktfn lgdf{0fsf] ;'/;f/ g} x'g ;s]g . vfgLvf]nf k'Ug] ;8s ;fdfGo jiff{t\ x'Fbf klg cj/f]w x'g] u5{ . dsjfgk'/af6 glhs} x'g] eP klg jfudtL vf]nfdf @)&# ;fndf 7]Ssf nufO{Psf] k'n lgdf{0f gx'bFf cfjthfjt x'g ;Sb}g . dxfef/t ufpkFflnsfdf ;'Ts]/L dlxnf pTyfg sfo{qmd nfu' eP klg hf] l 8Psf] emg} ljs6 kflnsf vfgLvf]nfdf pQm sfo{qmd 5}g . ;'Ts]/L x'g g;s]sf dlxnfx¿sf] p2f/sf nflu vfgLvf] n faf6 dxfef/t NofP/ x]lnsK6/dfkm{t p4f/ ug{'kg]{ afWotf 5 . ;+3 / k|b]z ;/sf/n] ;a} :yfgLo txnfO{ Pp6} 8fnf]df /fv]/ x]/]sf sf/0f ljs6 If]qsf kflnsfsf gful/sx¿ ;+s6df k/]sf] cWoIf lyËn] atfP . pkrf/ gkfP/} gful/sx¿n] Hofg u'dfpg'kg]{ afWotfsf] cGTosf nflu ;+3 / k|b]z ;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fP klg uDeL/ gePsf] :yfgLox?n] atfP .

kfgL pdfn]/ lkpg] u/f}+

kgf}tL÷;fd'lxs v]lt u/L cfly{s pkfh{g ug{] p2]Zon] lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]df btf{ eO{ z]o/ ;b:oaf6 /sd ;+sng ug{] / afFsL /sd ljleGg ;xsf/Laf6 C0f lnO{ ;b:ox?n] ltg{] u/L btf{ ePsf] kgf}tL ( xfnsf] kgf}tL * sf] ;fd'bflos ;fgf ls;fg s[ifs ;d'x !! jif{ b]lv a]kQf ePsf] 5 . ;d'xn] %% hgf z]o/ ;b:oaf6 !! xhf/ b]lv %% xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd ;+sng u/]sf] lyof] . @)&! h]7 @@ ut] kgf}tLsf] ;fd'bflos ;fsf];df vftf vf]Ng] lg0f{o u/L @& ut] vftf vf]n]/ sf/f]jf/ z'? u/]sf] pQm ;d'xn] kgf}tLs} uf]/vgfy ;xsf/Laf6 ;d]t C0f lnPsf] lyof] . &)÷*) /f]kgL hldg ef8fdf lnP/ s[lif v]lt u/]sf] pQm ;d'xn] u/]sf] v]lt 3f6fdf uPsf] eGb} z]o/ ;b:ox?af6 ;+slnt /sd lkmtf{ gu/]sf] xf] . ;d'xdf cWoIf lbks yfkf, pkfWoIf zDe' n fn >] i 7, ;lrj ;Gtf]ifs'df/ s];L, sf]iffWoIf ;GtGg' s];L /x]sf 5g\ . To:t} ;+rfns ;b:ox?df jL/axfb'/ yfkf, zfGtf Gof}kfg], /fh' ;fksf]6f, /fhg >]i7, xs{axfb'/ tfdfª /x]sf 5g\ . klxnf] ;+rfns ;ldltsf] lgoldt a}7s / ;ef ;d]t x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . sf]iffWoIf ;GtGg' s];Ln] ;d'xn] u/]sf] v]lt 3f6fdf uPsfn] ;+slnt /sd lkmtf{ ug{ g;lsPsf] xf] . …d cfkm} klg %% xhf/ 3f6fdf 5', c? ;b:ox?sf] /sd klg 3f6fdf uPsfn] lkmtf{ ug{ ;lsPgÚ– sf]iffWoIf s];Ln] eg]–…;femf ls afhf eg] h:t} eof], ;+rfnsx? a}7s a:g gdfGg], z]o/ ;b:o ;efdf cfpFb} gcfpg] . s]lx ;do xfdLn] rnfof}+ . kl5 cWoIf lbks yfkfn] PSn} rnfP . ;fdfg klg s] s] u/] yfxf ePg . ;d'x k'/} 3f6fdf uPsfn] xfdL r'krfk a;]sf xf}+ . clgoldt u/]sf 5}gf}+ .Ú ;fd'bflos ;fsf];df /x]sf] vftfdf Go'gtd /sd 5 eg] uf]/vgfy ;xsf/Lsf] w]/} C0f ;b:ox?n] lkmtf{ ug{ afFsL /x]sf] s];Ln] atfP . @)&! h]7 % ut] lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no sfe|]df btf{ ePsf] ;d'xsf cWoIf yfkfn] ;b:oaf6 ;+slnt z]o/ /sd lxgfldgf u/]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . ( jif{ cl3 artstf{af6 p7fO{Psf] /sdsf

kt+hnL of]u ;ldtL kgf}tLsf] ljljw sfo{qmd kgf}tL÷kt+hnL of]u ;ldlt sfe|] kgf}tL gu/ ;ldltsf] !# cf}F jflif{s pT;j kgf}tL gu/kflnsf k|d'v /fdz/0f e08f/Lsf] k|d'v cfltYotf tyf kgf}tL gu/ of]u ;fwgf s]Gb|sf ;+of]hs k"0o/fd sdf{rfo{sf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf af]Nb} gu/ k|d'v e08f/Ln] kgf}tL gu/ If]qnfO{ :j:y agfpg kt++hnLsf kbflwsf/Lx?n] v]n]sf] e"ldsfsf] k|z+zf u/]sf lyP . kgf}tL gu/ of]u ;ldltn] jflif{s ?kdf u/]sf sfo{x? / cfufdL lbgdf ul/g] sfo{ q mdx?sf] of] h gf k| : t' t ub{ } ;+of]hs sdf{rfo{n] of]u dfkm{t AolQm, kl/jf/, ;d'bfo / gu/nfO{ g} :j:y agfpg] cleofgdf ;lqmo /xg cfAxfg u/]sf lyP . kt+hnL of]u ;ldlt kgf}tL gu/sf] gjul7t sfo{ ;ldltsf] gfdfjnL kt+hnL of]u ;ldlt sfe|]sf cWoIf xl/z/0f >]i7n] 3f]if0ff u/]sf lyP . gofF sfo{ ;ldltdf ;+of]hs k"0o/fd sdf{rfo{, ;x ;+of]hs ;"o{ sdn >]i7, ;x ;+of]hs Gx'5]/fd dfgGw/, dxfdGqL zld{nf dfgGw/,

;+u7gdGqL zfGtL tfd|fsf/, sf]iffWoIf d'lQmgfy 3'n' / ;b:ox?df nlntf s]=;L=, ;l/gf s]=;L, l/gf a/fn, kfj{tL ;fksf]6f, /rgf ;'jfn, uf}/Lgfy k|wfg / ;'lgtf rf} k|wfg /x]sf 5g\ . ;Nnfxsf/x?df pQdbf; pns, z'eb|f bfxfn / uf]jw{g sdf{rfo{ /x]sf 5g\ . sfo{ ;ldltsf kbflwsf/L gFof ;b:ox?nfO{ gu/ k|d'v /fdz/0f e08f/L / kt+hnL of]u ;ldlt g]kfnsf s]lGb|o ;b:o u|f]j]g tf}hn]n] vfbf, l6sf, dfnf nufO{ ;Ddfg u/]sf lyP . s]lGb|o ;b:o u|f]j]g tf}hn]n] kgf}tL gu/sf] ;a} j8fdf of]u cEof; u/fpg / ejg lgdf{0fsf] nfuL gu/ k|d'v;Fu ljif]z cg'/f]w u/]sf lyP . kgf}tL g=kf= j8f g+ @ sf j8fWoIf k'?iff]Qd clwsf/Ln] of]usf sfo{qmd lj:tf/df ;Sbf] ;xof]u / ;dGjo ug{] atfP . sfo{qmddf k~rsd{ cfo'j]{b k4tLaf6 pkrf/ u/fpg] y]/flk:6x?nfO{ nIdL dlxnf ;xsf/Lsf cWoIf d}of dxt / kt+hnL of]u s]Gb| g]kfnsf s]lGb|o ;b:o u|f]j]g tf}hn]n] gub / k|df0f kq ljt/0f u/]sf lyP .

af/]df xfn;Dd s'g} hfgsf/L glbOPsf] ;b:o ;Gtf]if /fptn] atfP . ;fdflhs ;~hfnd} /fptn] /sd gkfPsf] ;Gb{edf c;xdlt AoQm u/]sf 5g\ . a}7s, 5nkmn g} gePsfn] jf:tljs sf/f]jf/ cWoIf / sf]iffWoIfnfO{ dfq} hfgsf/L /x]sf] ;b:ox?n] atfPsf 5g\ . cWoIf yfkf;Fu artsf] af/]df s'/f ug{ vf]Hbf pN6} emu8f ug{ cfpg] u/]sf] ;b:osf] u'gf;f] 5 . k|fKt hfgsf/L cg';f/ %% hgf z]o/ ;b:on] ;xsf/Ldf /sd hDdf u/]sf 5g\ . s[lifdf ;3fpg] pb]Zon] ;xsf/L :yfkgf ul/Psf] Ps kbflwsf/Ln] atfP . z'?z'?df !÷@ j6f a}7s a;] klg To;kl5 cWoIf lbks yfkfn] ;+:yf uf]hLdf af]s]/ lxF8]sf] tL kbflwsf/Lsf] egfO{ 5 . z]o/;b:on] C0f u/]/ art u/]sf] /sd em08} ( jif{ x'g nfUbf;Dd lkmtf{ ePsf] 5}g . lkmtf{ gePsf] dfq} xf]Og ;+:yf sxfF 5, art s;n] lkmtf{ u5{ eGg] ;d]t 6'+uf] 5}g . s[lif kmd{df /x]sf] 6«ofS6/, sf]bfnf] nufotsf s[lif ;fdfu|Lsf] cQf]kQf] 5}g . cWoIf yfkf / sf]iffWoIf ;Gtg' s];Ln] s[lif ;fdfu|L 3/df nu]sf] cfkm'n] hfgsf/L kfPsf] Ps ;b:on] atfP . o;af/]df j'em\g vf]Hbf cWoIf yfkf ;+ks{df cfpg rfx]gg\ . ;d'xsf ;lrj ;Gtf]if s];Lsf cg';f/ z'?sf !÷@ j6f a}7sdf ;b:o;Fu art ;+sng ug]{ / s[lif kmd{ ;~rfng ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] lyof] .

To;kl5 eg] 5nkmn g} x'g g;s]sf] pgn] atfP . lx;fa lstfaaf/] k6s–k6s 5nkmnsf nflu cfu|x u/] klg cWoIf yfkfn] grfx]sf] pgn] atfP . ;b:oaf6 p7fPsf] k};f, s[lif cf}hf/ vl/b u/]sf] cfkm'nfO{ hfgsf/L eP klg To;kl5 s[lif ;fdfu|L sxfF nluof], s] ul/of] < ;b:o;Fu p7fOPsf] k};f s] ul/of] < eGg] af/] cWoIf / sf]iffWoIfn] s'g} hfgsf/L glbOPsf] pgn] atfP . ;b:on] xfd|f] k};f v} < eg]/ af/Daf/ k|Zg ug]{ u/]sf] eGb} ;lrj s];Ln] o;sf] hjfkm cfkm}+;Fu gePsf] atfP . unt 9+uaf6 ;+rfng x'g yfn] k l5 cfkm' n ] /fhLgfdf lbg k6s–k6s k|of; u/]klg a}7s g} ga;]sfn] /fhLgfdf lbg] kmf]/d g} gkfPsf] pgn] atfP . ;lrj s];Ln] of] ;xsf/Laf6 cfkm' klg kLl8t ePsf] u'gf;f] u/]sf 5g\ . cfkm'n] hDdf u/]sf]

@% xhf/ ?k}ofFsf] lx;falstfa kfpg afFsL /x]sf] ;lrj s];Lsf] egfO{ 5 . ;b:o ;Gtf]if /fptn] pQm s[ifs ;d'xdf cfkm'n] @* xhf/ ?k}ofF art u/]sf] atfP . s[lif kmd{df /x]sf] s'6f], sf]bfnf], 9s t/fh', p7fP/ nu]sf] jiff}{ x'Fbf klg cfkm\gf] art lkmtf{ gePsf] pgsf] u'gf;f] 5 . pgn] eg], cfh;Dd cfo Joo s]lx yfxf 5}g . k};f dfUbf emu8f ug{ cfpF5g\ . ;b:o /fptn] uf]/vgfy ;xsf/L ;+:yfaf6 C0f lems]/ s[ifs ;d'xdf j'emfPsf lyP . ;b:o ag]s} lbg C0f lems]/ ;d'xdf j'emfPsf] /fptn] atfP . pgsf cg';f/ uf]/vgfy ;xsf/Lsf] cWoIf s[lif ;d'xsf pkfWoIf ;GtGg' s];L lyP . ls;fgnfO{ Psd'i6 C0f lemSg nufP/ s[lif ;xsf/Ldf nufgL ul/Psf] lyof] . To;sf] ;Fjf / Jofh cfkm'x?n] ltl//x]sf] /fptn] atfP . @% xhf/sf sf/0f ! nfv eGbf a9L ltg'{k/]sf] /fptn] u'gf;f] u/]sf 5g . pgn] eg], s[lif ;d'xaf6 k};f cfPkl5 lkmtf{ u5'{ eGbf ;xsf/Ln] klqsfdf gfd lgsflNbG5' eGof], cfkm\gf] a]Hht x'G5 eg]/ C0f vf]h]/ ;xsf/Ldf k};f j'emfPF . @% xhf/sf] ! nfv eGbf a9L lt/]sf] 5' . cWoIf yfkf k6s–k6s ljjfbdf cfO{/xg] JolQm x'g . g]ˆ:s"gsf] xfn} ;DkGg #@ cf}+ ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 sf]iffWoIf kbdf lgjf{lrt cWoIf yfkfn] ;xsf/L P]g / ljefusf] lgb]{zgsf] cj1f u/]sf lyP . kf}if !# ut] ;fd'bflos art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ldld6]8df /fhLgfdf kq j'emfPsf] eP klg @)*) d+l;/ @( ut]sf] /flvPsf] 5 . ;f]lx lbg ;+rfns ;ldltsf] a}7sn] cWoIf yfkfsf] /flhgfdf l:js[t u/]sf] 5 . ;fd'bflos art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfn] g]ˆ:s"gsf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf k|ltlglw gk7fP kl5 cg]s lts8dafhL ub}{ sfe|]s} k|ltli7t ;xsf/LsdL{sf] d2t lnO{ ;f]xL ;+:yfsf] sfo{If]q leq kg]{ nlntk'/sf] dw'jg ;fsf];af6 /ftf/ft k|ltlglw alg yfkfn] r'gfjdf efu lnPsf lyP . g]km\;s'gsf] kbflwsf/Lsf] pDd]bjf/ aGg k|ltlglw ;+:yfdf ;+rfns eP/ sfo{ u/]sf] x'g' kg{] eP klg sf]iffWoIfdf lgjf{lrt yfkf pQm ;+:yfdf b'O{ lbg cl3 dfq} ;b:o ag]sf lyP . t/ g]km\;s'gdf eg] pgL klxnf g} sf]iffWoIf eO{ ;s]sf lyP . z]o/ ;b:oaf6 ;d]t /fhLgfdf lbPsf] yfkfn] /fhLgfdf kqdf pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ .

PDa'n]G;x?sf] cj:yf cWoog ug{ ;ldlt

w' l nv] n ÷lhNnf :t/df ;+rflnt PDa'n]G;sf] cj:yf, ju{ / ;d:ofsf af/]df cWoog u/L PDa'n]G; ;+rfngnfO{ yk Aojl:yt u/fpg 5fgljg ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] 5 . lhNnf PDa'n]G; Aoj:yfkg ;ldltsf] a}7sn] pQm lg0f{o u/]sf] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ?b|fb]jL zdf{n] hfgsf/L lbO{g\ . lhNnf PDa'n]G; Aoj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ;+of]hs k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L /xg] Aoj:yf 5 . ;ldltsf] kf}if @) ut] z'qmaf/ a;]sf] a}7sn] lhNnfdf ePsf ;Dk"0f{ PDa'n]G;x?sf] cj:yfsf af/]df hfgsf/L lng] / yk Aojl:yt ug{] pb]Zon] :jf:Yo sfof{no sfe|]sf k|d'v ;x ;+of]hs /xg] u/L d]lyGsf]6 c:ktfn, w'lnv]n c:ktfn / ;DjlGwt kflnsfsf :jf:Yo zfvf k|d'v /xg] u/L $ ;b:oLo 5fgljg ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5 . pQm ;ldltn] tLg xKtf leq k|ltj]bg ;ldltnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug{]5 . a}7sn] PDa'n]G;x?nfO{

dfkb08 cg';f/ ;+rfngsf nflu /fli6«o PDa'n]G; lgb{]lzsf @)&* sf] pkmbkmf ! sf] 5 adf]lhd @ dlxgfsf] cjwL lbO{ ;"rgf k|sflzt ug{] / cfjZos ;dGjosf nflu :yfgLo txx?df cg'/f]w ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . To:t} ;+rflnt PDa'n]G;x?df lhlkP; h8fg u/L :t/f]GgtL dfkb08 adf]lhd ;+rfng ug{ :yfgLo, k|fb]lzs c:ktfn / :jf:Yo ;+:yfnfO{ cg'/f]w ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . o; cl3 klg lhNnfsf clwsf+z PDa'n]G;df lhlkP; h8fg ul/P klg PDa'n]G; ;+rfnsx?n] sfof{Gjog u/]sf lyPgg\ . To:t} a}7sn] PDa'n]G; rfns / To;df /xg] :jf:YosdL{x?sf] tflndsf nflu k|fb]lzs PDa'n]G; Aoj:yfkg ;ldlt ;dIf cg'/f]w ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . l;Gw'kfNrf]s / sfe|]knf~rf]sdf rNg] ;Dk"0f{ PDa'n]G;x?nfO{ Aojl:yt ug{ w'lnv]n c:ktfndf s]Gb| /xg] u/L o; cl3 lhlkP; h8fg u/L ;+rfngdf cfPsf] w'lnv]n c:ktfnsf Pd/h]G;L ljefusf k|d'v 8f= ;fg's[i0f >]i7n] hfgsf/L lbP .

kgf}tLdf Goflos ;ldltn] u¥of] cled'vLs/0f kf“rvfn gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] cg'/f]w ‘lhNnf cbfntsf] eGbf Goflos ;ldltsf] Ohnf; /fd|f]’

ljsf; ltdlN;gf kgf}tL kgf}tL gu/kflnsfsf] Goflos ;ldltn] Gofo ;Dkfbgdf ePsf Goflos ultljwL / Goflos sfo{sf ;Gbe{df cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u/]sf] 5 . pkk|d'v Pj+ Goflos ;ldltsf ;+of]hs lutf a~hf/fn] :yfkgf b]lv xfn;Dd ePsf ljjfbsf :j?k, cj:yf / Goflos ;ldltn] u/]sf lg0f{o tyf To;sf] sfof{Gjogsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fPsL lyO{g\ . gu/ kd|v ' /fdz/0f e08f/Ln] Goflos ;ldltsf sf/0f :yfgLo gful/sx?n] ;fgf ;fgf ljjfb tyf ;d:ofdf cbftn / kx|/L kz | f;g hfg' gk/s ] f] atfP . kd|v ' lhNnf GofofwLz /fhG]b| gk]fnn] Goflos ;ldltsf] Ohnf; cbfntsf] eGbf kj"fw{f/ / Aoj:yfkgsf] lx;fjn pTsi[6 /xs ] f] atfP . …Ohnf; cbfntsf] eGbf /fdf|] /x5]Ú–GofofwLz gk]fnn] eg–]…Goflos ;ldltn] kb|fg u/s ] f] ;j]fsf] ;f/fz + klg /fdf|] bl]vof] . yk cWoog kl5 yfxf eP klg kf|/lDes cWoogaf6 Goflos ;ldltaf6 gful/sn] ;j]f kfPsf] bl]vof] .Ú ;xeflux?nfO{ cledl'vs/0f u/fpbF} GofofwLz gk]fnn]

Goflos ;ldltnfO{ cem} ke|fjsf/L agfpg sfgg"gsf] 1fg a9fpg, Goflos ;ldlt kl|t ljZjf; a9fpbF} lgZkIftf sfod ug,{ Goflos ;ldltn] s] u5{ eGg] ljifodf hfgsf/L u/fpg, kj"fw{f/ gePsf GofoLs ;ldltnfO{ kj'fw{f/ agfpg / hgzlQm tyf ah6]sf] Aoj:yfkg ug{ cfjZos /xs ] f] atfP . lhNnf cbfnt sfe|]knf~rf]sdf b}lgs ;DjGw ljR5]bsf d'2f cfO{/x]sf] atfpFb} ;d'bfo / ;dfhdf x'g] x/]s 36gf AolQm / kl/jf/;Fu hf]l8g] u/]sf] GofofwLz g]kfnn] atfP . ;DjGw ljR5]b h:t} ha{hl:ts/0fLsf 36gfdf w]/} afnaflnsfx? hf]l8g] u/]sf] pgn] atfP . ;xdltdf ;DjGw /fv]sf] eP klg sfg"gn] glbPsf] clwsf/sf cfwf/df 6]s]/ cleefjsx?n] lbPsf] hfx]/Ln] d'2f btf{ eP kl5 ;nUg AolQmsf] eljZo ;d]t hf]lvddf kg{] u/]sf] pgn] atfP . ax'ljjfxdf afa' cfdf x'g] eP klg >Ldfg >LdtLsf] dfGotf gx'g] ePsfn] ;dfhdf sfg"g / Aojxf/ km/s km/s x'g] u/]sf] pgn] atfP . sfo{qmddf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ?b|fb]jL zdf{n] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf cfpg] gful/stf nufotsf ljjfbx?sf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsg] hlt Goflos ;ldltn] ug{' kg{] atfO{g\ . lhNnf k|x/L k|d'v P;kL

efUo]Gb| k'?if 9sfnn] Goflos ;ldltsf] If]qflwsf/ eGbf aflx/ uP/ ljjfb ;dfwfg gug{ tyf ;fgf ;fgf ljifo Goflos ;ldltn] ldnfpFbf k|x/L sfof{nodf cfpg] le8 klg 36]sf] atfP . dfgjclwsf/sdL{ ef] h /fh ltdlN;gfn] ;a} If] q df dfgjclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f h?/L /x]sf] atfP . sfo{qmddf k|d'v k|zf;lso clws[t /fdk|;fb cfrfo{, al/i7 k|zf;lso clws[t OGb|k|;fb clwsf/L, j8f cWoIfx?, Goflos ;ldltsf ;b:ox? tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . kgf}tL gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] Goflos ;ldltn] xfn;Dd ! ;o ^) j6f ljjfb ;dfwfg u/]sf] 5 eg] *# j6f km5\of{}6 u/]sf] 5 . To:t} rfn' jif{sf] dl;+/ d;fGt;Dd @% j6f ljjfb btf{ ePsf 5g\ . !# j6f ;dfwfg ePsf] 5 . ljz]ifu/L ;fj{hlgs hUuf ;+/If0f, hUuf lvrnf], af6f] sfod tyf cj/f]w, ef}lts ;+/rgfdf ;'/Iff, afnL gfnL, nfngkfng gu/]sf], vfg nufpg glbPsf], ufnL unf}h u/]sf] nufotsf ljifodf ph'/L kg{] u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmddf Goflos ;ldltsf ;b:o dx]Gb|nfn >]i7n] :jfut u/]sf lyP eg] ;b:o zf]ef sfsL{n] ;xlhs/0f u/]sL lyO{g\ .

– j8faf6 k|fKt ug]{ ;]jf ;'ljwfsf nflu j8fut ¿kd} ;+ks{ /fvf} .

– ;a} afnaflnsfnfO{ ljBfno k7fcf}+ .

– hGd, d[To', a;fO{ ;/fO{, ;DaGw ljR5]b / ljjfx btf{ ;DaGwL JolQmut 36gf btf{sf nflu cf–cfˆgf] ;DalGwt j8fdf ;Dks{ /flv ;dod} 36gf btf{ u/f} .

– ;a} 3/df zf}rfno lgdf{0f u/f} .

– ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf k|fKt ug{ cfjZos of]Uotf / sfuhft af/] ;DalGwt j8fdf ;Dks{ /fvf} .

– /fli6«o ejg ;+lxtfsf] k"0f{ kfngf ul/dfkb08 cg';f/ 3/ lgdf{0f u/f} .

– cfdf / aRrf b'j}sf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu aly{ª ;]G6/df ;'Ts]/L u/fpg] u/f} .

– ;a} lsl;dsf] kmf]xf]/nfO{ Ps} 7fpFdf gy'kf/L juL{s[t u/f}, s'lxg] gs'lxg] kmf]xf]/ 5'6\ofpF .

– Knfli6shGo kmf]xf]/ gafnf} .

– j8fut ¿kdf ;8s aQL Joj:yfkg pkof]u / ;+/If0f u/f} .

– s'g} klg Joj;fo btf{ u/]/ dfq ;+rfng u/f} .

– s'g} klg gful/sn] afn>dsf] k|of]u gu/f} .

– cfw'lgs s[ifL k|0ffnL ckgfO{ Jofj;flos s[ifs agf} .

– pGgt gZnsf kz'kfng ul/ :j/f]huf/L ;[hgf u/f} .

– wd{, ;+:s[tL, ;Dkbfsf] hu]gf{ u/f}, df}lns klxrfgnfO{ ;+/If0f u/f} .

– ;fj{hlgs ;DktLsf] ;+/If0f u/f} .

kfFrvfn gu/kflnsf sfof{no kfFrvfn, sfe|]

$

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

gj k|ltef dfWolds ljBfno kf“rvfnsf] #^ cf}+ aflif{sf]T;j

nId0f ltdlN;gf kf“rvfn kfFrvfn gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ ^ 9'+ufgfa]zLdf /x]sf] ge k|ltef z}lIfs k|lti7fg u'7Låf/f ;+rflnt gj k|ltef dfWolds ljBfnon] :yfkgfsf] #^ cf}+ aflif{sf]T;j Pjd+ P;O{O{ @)&( ;d'xsf lzIfs ljBfyL{x?nfO{ ;Ddfg u/]sf] 5 . kfrFvfn gu/kflnsf kd|v ' dxz ] v/n ] sf] kd|v ' cfltYotfdf ;DkGg sfoq{mddf ljBfno Aoj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf ;/'hsd'f/ k/fhn ' Lsf] cWoIftfdf /xs ] f] lyof] . sfoq{mddf afN]b} gu/ kd|v ' v/n ] n] kfrFvfn Ifq]sf] zl}Ifs pGgtL / ku|ltsf nflu gu/kflnsfn] lzIfsx?sf] b/jGbL ldnfg, ljBfnosf] cfjZostf cg;'f/sf] lzIfs tyf sdr { f/L Aoj:yfkg / u0'f:t/Lo lzIffsf nflu lzIfsx?sf nflu tflnd nufotsf zl}Ifs sfoq{mdx?, kb|z { gL tyf dn ] f cfofh ] gf ul/Psf] atfP . ;fdb'flos / gLlh ljBfno aLrsf] leGgtf cfpg glbg ;fdb'flos ljBfnox?nfO{ klg kofK{t ;j]f ;l'jwfsf nflu gu/kflnsfn] cfjZos kxn u/s ] f] gu/ kd|v ' v/n ] n] atfP . aflif{sf]T;j sfo{qmddf af]Nb} ljBfnosf lk|lG;kn ;/f]h Gof}kfg]n] ;d'bfon] b]p;L e}nf] v]n]/ ;+rfng ul//x]sf] pQm ljBfnon] z}lIfs If]qdf cnUu} 5fk /fv]sf] atfP . lhNnfsf] klxnf] ;fj{hlgs u'7Låf/f ;+rflnt pQm ljBfnon] P;Pn;L tyf P;O{O{ nufotsf sfo{qmddf lhNnfdf pTs[i6tf xfl;n ub{} cfPsf] 5 . Go"gtd z'Nsdf u'0f:t/Lo lzIff k|bfg u/]sf] gj k|ltef :s'nn] @)&( ;fnsf] z}lIfs ;q;Dd $ ;o !% hgfnfO{ P;O{O{ plt{0f u/fPsf] 5 . h;af6 rf/ hgf ljBfyL{n] OlGhlgol/Ë ljifodf bIftf xfl;n ul/;s]sf 5g\ eg] !) hgf gLhfdlt ;]jfdf

sfo{/t 5g\ . To:t} $@ hgfn] pRr lzIff cWoog k'/f u/]sf 5g\ . k|fljlws tyf gd'gf lzIff k|bfg ul//x]sf] pQm ljBfnon] kfFrvfn If]qdf dfq} lhNnfd} gd'gf ljBfnosf] ?kdf :yflkt u/fPsf] lk|lG;kn Gof}kfg]n] atfP . aflifs { fT];j sfoq{mddf pkkd|v ' ;o'd{fof bgj'f/, lzIff zfvf kd|v ' pbo sfO]/{fnf, ;fjh { lgs zl}Ifs u7'L ljBfno ;3 gk]fnsf sG]bL|o ;lrj clGht sd'f/ >i]7, sfi]ffWoIf ho/fd ufv ] fn { L, KofA;g sfes ]| f cWoIf Zofdaxfb/' eh ' n ] , ;:+yfks lkl|G;kn p4j yfkf, u'7L ;+rfns cWoIf OZj/L/fhsd'f/ dg}fnL, kj'{ lkl|G;kn as } 0'7 Gofk}fg,] cIfosfi]fbftf /fdx/L cfrfo,{ p4j yfkf, lblnk yfkf, ltglkKn] oj'f Snjsf cWoIf tyf kj'{ ljBfyL{ ;/fh ] lwtfn nufotsf AolQmx?sf] ;xeflutf /xs ] f] lyof] . ljBfyL{ cfo:'df Gofk}fgs ] f] :jfut /xs ] f] sfoq{mddf ljBfnosf lkl|G;kn ;/fh ] Gofk}fgn ] ] ljBfnosf] aflifs { kl|tjb]g k:|tt' u/s ] f lyP . sfo{ q mddf ljBfyL{ x ?n] ;Gb] z d' n s gf6s ;r] t gf k| : t' t u/] s f lyP eg] g[ T o tyf lut ;lxt /rgfTds s[ o fsnfk k| : t' t u/] s f lyP . P;O{ O { @)&( ;d' x sf ljBfyL{ x ?nfO{ ;Ddfg ;lxt ljbfO{ ul/Psf] sfo{ q mddf ljBfnodf pTs[ i 6 ljBfyL{ x ? sIff ^ sf 5fq >j0f /fO{ / sIff ( sL 5fqf k| l t1f kf} 8 ] n nfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . cIfosf] i f bftfsf] tkm{ a f6 P;O{ O { plt{ 0 f 5fqf k| ; gf uf} t d / 5fq lbjz kGtnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] eg] sIff $ cWoog ug{ ] 5fqf k| l dnf bg' j f/ / 5fq ;' u d bg' j f/nfO{ 5fqa[ l Q pknAw u/fO{ P sf] lyof] . To:t} sIff & cWoog ug{ ] lg/f bg' j f/ / cleif] s rf} n fufO{ n fO{ 5fqa[ l Q k| b fg ul/Psf] lyof] .

g]kfn n]vfk9L sfg"g Aoj;foL lxp“b ;dodf x'g ;Sg] Pzf]l;P;gsf] !& cf}+ ;ef hf]lvd Go"lgs/0f ug{] tof/L w' l nv] n ÷lhNnf ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg ;ldlt sfe|]knf~rf]ssf] a}7sn] zLtnx/ tyf lxdkftaf6 k|efljt x'g ;Sg] ljkGg ;d'bfo Pjd a:tLx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . cfO{taf/ w'lnv]ndf a;]sf] ;ldltsf] a}7sn] pQm lg0f{o u/]sf] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ?b|fb]jL zdf{n] atfO{g\ . klxrfg ePsf ;d'bfo Pjd a:tLx?df /x]sf JolQm Pjd\ kl/jf/x?dWo] klg clt ljkGg, ;+s6fkGgx? / lr;f]af6 hf]lvddf kg{ ;Sg] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o ;+Vof tyf 3/d"nL eP gfd ;d]t Plsg u/L & lbg leq k7fpg :yfgLo txdf cg'/f]w ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ?b|fb]jL zdf{n] atfO{g\ . :yfgLo cfktsflng sfo{ ;+rfng s]G› :yfkgf u/L lhNnf cfksflng sfo{ ;+rfng s]G›;Fu ;"rgf÷;dGjo ug{ :yfgLo txx?df cg'/f]w ug]{, ;a} :yfgLotxx?n] Go"gtd /fxt ;fdu|Lx? tof/L cj:yfdf /fVg], :yfgLo ljkb\ Joj:yfkg sf]ifdf /x]sf] /sd dfkb08 sfo{ljwL tof/ u/L Joj:yfkg ug]{ / ljt/0f ePsf] /fxtsf] ljj/0f lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ;ldtLdf hfgsf/L u/fpg], ljkb\ Joj:yfkgdf sfd ug]{ ;+3÷;+:yfx?n] :yfgLo tx;Fu ;dGjo u/L sfo{ ug]{, u/]sf] sfdsf] k|ult ljj/0f lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ;ldtLdf k7fpg] tyf @)*) ;fn df3 @ ut] /fli6«o e'sDk lbj; ljljw sfo{qmd u/L dgfpg ;j} :yfgLo txx?nfO{ cg'/f]w ug]{ /

lhNnf :t/df ljkb Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:ox? ;lxt ljljw sfo{qmd u/L dgfpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . a}7s k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ?b|fb]jL zdf{sf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . a}7sdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt sfe|]sf k|d'v lbks uf}td / pkk|d'v l/daxfb'/ tfdfª ;lxt :yfgLo txsf k|d'v, pkk|d'v tyf k|d'v k|zf;lso clws[t / ljleGg sfof{nosf k|d'v ;lxt ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfosf k|d'v tyf k|ltlglwx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . a}7sn] lhNnfdf ljkb Jj:yfkgdf ePsf sfo{x?sf] ;ldIff u/]sf] 5 . To:t} lhNnfdf PDj'n]G; ;+rfngsf] cj:yf ;DaGwdf ;dLIff ub{} k'if @) ut] a;]sf] lhNnf PDa'n]G; Joj:yfkg ;ldtLn] u/]sf lg0f{o sfof{Gjogsf] nflu :yfgLo txx?nfO{ cg'/f]w ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . lhNnf ljkb\ Jo:yfkg sf]ifdf xfn ;Dd df}Hbft /x]sf] Ps s/f]8 (# nfv (& xhf/ & ;o %! ?k}of /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fO{Psf] 5 . cfly{s jif{ @)*)÷@)*! sf] >fj0f b]lv kf}if @! ut];Dd klx/f], cfunfuL, xfjfx'/L nufotsf ljkbsf 36gfdf kLl8t ePsf @! 3/ kl/jf/nfO{ Go"gtd % xhf/ b]lv @) xhf/;Ddsf] Ifltk'tL{ / d[ts AolQmsf cfkmGtnfO{ @ nfv ?k}of ;d]t u/L $ nfv ^^ xhf/ ?k}ofF pknAw u/fO{Psf] 5 . pQm vr{nfO{ a}7sn] cg'df]bg u/]sf] 5 .

lhNnf k|zf;gn] u¥of] bn / ;+rf/sdL{;“u cGtlqm{of

u/fPsf] 5 . o; cl3 klg sn]hn] ljleGg If]qdf ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj cGt{utsf ljleGg sfo{qmdx? ub{} cfPsf] lyof] . sIff !@ sf] k/LIffdf pTs[i6 glthf NofO{ g]kfnd} klxnf] ePsf] ag]kfsf] lgi6 sn]h z}lIfs u'0f:t/sf nflu Aojxfl/s 1fg ;d]t pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . sn]hn] u'0f:t/Lo lzIff, Aoaxf/Ls / ;+:sf/o'Qm lzIff k|bfg ub{} cfPsf] lk|lG;kn lbks e§n] atfP . ;fdu| L ljt/0f sfo{ q mddf sn]hsf lk|lG;kn lbks e§, ;dflhs lhjg pkof]uL lzIfs zf/bf vgfn, cltl/Qm s[ofsnfk tyf Sna O{Grfh{ s[i0fx/L x'dfufO{, ljBfyL{ sfplG;n / ;f]l;on Snasf ljBfyL{x?sf] pkl:ytL /x]sf] snh]sf k|zf;g k|d'v k'0o s§]nn] hfgsf/L lbP .

w'lnv]n÷g]kfn n]vfk9L sfg"g Aoj;foL Pzf]l;P;g sfe|] lhNnf ;ldltsf] !& cf}+ aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef cWoIf /f]zgs'df/ >]i7sf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . k|ljwLd}qL ;]jf pknAw u/fpFbf klg ;/sf/n] agfpg] P]g, gLlt / sfg"g afws ePsf] cWoIf >]i7n] atfP . afudtL k|b]zsf dGqL nId0f nD;fnn] sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g u/]sf lyP . …n]vfk9L Aoj;foLx?n] h]i7 gful/s tyf ul/a / c;xfo AolQmx?nfO{ lgz'Ns ;]jf lbPsf 5f}+–cWoIf /f]zgs'df/ >]i7n] eg]–…Aoj;foLs dof{bf sfod /fVb} ;]jfu|fxLx?nfO{ ;xh ;]jf k|bfg ul//x]sf 5f}+ .Ú ;+:yfsf] lxt ljk/Lt sfo{ ug{] ;b:ox?nfO{ sf/jfxL u/]sf] k|;Ë lgsfNb} cWoIf >]i7n] ;/sf/n] NofPsf gLlt / sfg"g gful/s d}qL gePsf] atfP . kl5Nnf] ;do ljt/0f ul/Psf hUufwgL k'hf{ e/kbf{] gePsf], lsQfsf6 gful/sd}qL gePsf], dfnkf]t sfof{nonfO{ k'jf{wf/d}qL agfpg gofF ejg lgdf{0f ug{'kg{] / ;]jfu|fxLx?nfO{ ;xh agfpg ;/sf/n] hUuf auL{s/0f / lsQfsf6nfO{ Aojl:yt ug{' kg{] cWoIf >]i7n] atfP . sfo{qmddf s]lGb|o cWoIf l;tf/fd bfxfnn] Aoj;foLx? gful/ssf ;]js ePsf] atfpFb} /fHon] x]g{] b[li6sf]0f abNg'kg{] atfP . n]vfk9L Aoj;foLx?n]

;+rfng u/]sf] e"–;]jfnfO{ cem} Aojl:yt agfpg / k|ljwLd}qL afgfpg cfkm'x?n] kxn u/]sf] atfpFb} cWoIf bfxfnn] /fhgLlts bn, bnsf g]tfx?n] cfkm' h:t} Aoj;foLx?nfO{ klg ;]js geO{ ljrf}lnof h:tf] ;f]r]sf] cWoIf bfxfnn] atfP . ;efdf k|d'v dfnkf]t clws[t lbks sf]O{/fnfn] gful/sx?n] k|fKt ug{] ;]jfnfO{ ;a} If]qaf6 ;/nLs[t x'g' kg{] atfP . ;efsf] pb\3f6g ;qdf af]Ng] clwsf+ z aQmfx?n] dfnkf] t , gfkL sfof{non] k|bfg ug{] ;]jfdf ;xhLs/0f ug{ n]vfk9L Aoj;foLx?n] v]Ng] e"ldsfsf af/]df wf/0ff /fv]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf g]kfn n]vfk9L sfg"g Aoj;foL Pzf]l;P;gsf s]lGb|o dxf;lrj s[i0fk|;fb bfxfn, pBf]u afl0fHo ;+3 sfe|]sf dxf;lrj /ljGb| a}bf/, kgf}tL pBf]u afl0fHo ;+3sf cWoIf ef]nf yfkf, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf & sf cWoIf /f]dLk|;fb Aof~h', g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 sfe|] zfvfsf lgjt{ d fg cWoIf df] t L/fd ltdlN;gf, ;+:yfsf lgjt{dfg cWoIf dfwj l;Ub]n nufotn] dGtAo /fv]sf lyP . sfo{qmd lhNnf bf]h{] nfdfsf] ;+rfngdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . ;efsf] aGb ;qn] k|:t't ;f+u7lgs, cfly{s k|ltj]bg ;j{;Ddt kf; ePsf] ;lrj s'df/ d}gfnLn] hfgsf/L lbP .

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sl]Gbo| ;b:o Pj+ afudtL kb|z ] kd|v ' uf|j]g] tfh } nn ] ] 9f8 sDd/af6 lkl8t ePsf JoQmLx?n] ofu] cEof; / k~rsds { f] cfoj'b{]af6 :j:y /xg ;Sg] af/] kl|zIf0f lbPsf lyP . sfoq{mddf kth + nL ofu] ;ldlt sfes ]| f cWoIf xl/ z/0f >i]7, rfs } f6] ofu] ;fwgf sG]bs | f ;o+fh ] s ;o"s { dn >i]7, kgft}L gu/ ;ldltsf ;o+fh ] s k0"o/fd sdfr { fo{ nufotn] dGtJo /fv s ] f lyP . sfoq{mddf ;efkltTj nIdL dlxnf ;xsf/Lsf cWoIf do}f dxtn] u/s ] L lyOg{\ eg] kgft}L ofu] sG]bs | f kbflwsf/Lx?sf] klg pkl:ylt /xs ] f] lyof] .

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/fi6« ;]js sd{rf/L ;xsf/Lsf] !# cf}+ ;ef w'lnv]n÷/fi6« ;]js sd{rf/L art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf lnld6]8 sfe|]knf~rf]ssf] t]x|f} jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . g]kfn lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;+u7g sfo{ ;ldltsf pkfWoIf tyf ;xsf/L ljefu k|d'v /]jGt uf}tdsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg sfo{ q mddf pk–dxf;lrj tyf dlxnf ljefu k|d'v lahofnIdL ;'j]bL, ;lrjfno ;b:o, ;xsf/L ljefu ;b:o tyf sfe|] lhNnf O{Grfh{ ejfgL x'dfufO{, ;lrjfno ;b:ox?, g]kfn lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;+u7g sfe|]sf cWoIf ufoqL/d0f l3ld/] nufPt k'j{ ;+:yfksx?sf] cfltYotf /x]sf] lyof] . cWoIf lahonIdL ;'j]bLn] cWoIfsf] cfly{s jif{ @)&(÷)*) sf] k|ltj]bg k]z u/]sL lyO{g\ . ljutsf P]ltxfl;s cfGbf]ng tyf k|hftGqsf] :yfkgf kZrft k]zfsdL{x? ;+ul7tx'g] qmd;Fu} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿ ;d]t ;+ul7t eO{ ;+u7gsf] xs clwsf/ / lhjgofkg ug{ k'Ug] tnj, a[l4sf] dfu ;lxt lghfdtL If]qdf b]zJoflk cfGbf]ng ;+rfng eO{ sd{rf/Lsf] hfoh dfux?nfO tTsflng ;/sf/n] sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ avf{:t, 36'jf, tnj /f]Ssf lgnDjg nufotsf ;hfo lbg] sfd ePsf] pgn] atfO{g . @)^&÷)^÷@@ ut] l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no w'lnv]ndf btf{ eO{ ;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf] ;xsf/L ;+:yfn] !# jif{ k"/f u/]sf] 5 . ‘/fi6«;]jsM xfdL / xfd|f] ;xsf/L’ eGg] gf/f to u/L :yflkt /fi6«;]js ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? xfn;Dd ^(

jif{ #) c+s !) @)*) k'; @^ ut] ljxLjf/

d]lygsf]6 c:ktfndf k|s[lt ljklt kl5sf] pkrf/df k"j{ tof/L cEof; es'08]÷lhNnfsf] Ps dfq} ;/sf/L c:ktfn d]lygsf]6 c:ktfnsf] cfof] h gfdf w' l nv] n c:ktfnsf] k| f ljlws ;xof] u df c:ktfndf cfkt\sfnLg ca:yfsf] Ao:yfkg s;/L ug{] ;DaGwL 8]df] cEof; u/]sf] 5 . k|fs[lts 36gf, cfkt\sfnLg / b'3{6gfdf x'bfF dfgjLo IftL sd ug{sf nfuL k"j{ tof/L cEof; ul/Psf] xf] . 8]df] cEof;df d] l ygsf] 6 c:ktfnsf 8fS6/x?, w'lnv]n c:ktfnsf 8f= ;fg's'df/ >]i7 nufotsf] l6d, @^ gDa/ aflxgL es'08]sf g]]kfnL ;]gf, g]kfn k|x/L, 6«flkms k|x/Ln] 36gf x'Fbf s;/L p4f/ ug{], p4f/ kl5 c:ktfn;Dd Nofpg] / c:ktfn k'u]kl5 pkrf/ ljlw z'? ug{] / s'g la/fdLnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg] ;DalGw cEof; u/fO{Psf] lyof] . c:ktfnsf d];' 8fS6/ dw's/ bfxfnn] c:ktfn] k"j{ tof/L cEof; ubf{ dfgjLo Iflt sd u/fpg d2t k'Ug] atfP . d]lygsf]6 c:ktfnnfO{ afudtL k|b]zn] %) a]8sf] c:ktfndf lj:tf/ u/] ;Fu} c:ktfnaf6 k|jfx x'g] ;]jfx? lj:tf/ ub{] nluPsf] atfP . c:ktfndf xfn Od/h]G;L ;]jf, ck|z]g, 8fOnf]l;;, ljleGg /f]usf] kl/If0f, Nofa 6]i6, nufPtsf ;]jfx? pknAw /x]sf] / s]lx lbgd} l;l6 :Sofg ;]jf ylkg] atfP .

ejg cefjsf sf/0fn] xfdLn] ;f]r] hlt ;]jf lbg g;]s]sf] / ejg lgdf{0f k|lqmof ;d]t cufl8 a9]sf] bfxfnn] atfP . 8]df] sfo{qmddf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf k|d'v lbks uf}tdn] lhNnfs} Psdfq} ;/sf/L c:ktfnnfO{ ;a} If]qaf6 ;xof]u u/L /fd|f] ;]jf k|bfg ug{'kg{] atfP . l;Gw'nL, /fd]5fk lhNnf / kfFrvfn gu/kflnsf, t]dfn, dxfef/t, /f] z L ufpF k flnsfsf gful/sx?nfO{ pQm c:ktfndf pknAw ;]jfn] ;xh x'g] atfP . :jf:Yo If]q ;+j]bgzLn ljifo ePsfn] gful/ssf] pkrf/df s'g} v]naf8 gug{ 8fS6/x?nfO{ uf}tdn] cfu|x u/]sf lyP . gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsf k|d'v s'G;fª nfdfn] c:ktfn cfpg] lj/fdLn] s'g} klg cf}iflw kfO{g eGg] jftfj/0f gxf]; / pkrf/df sdL x'g glbg c:ktfn

k|zf;gnfO{ cfu|x u/]sf 5g\ . k};f x'g] 7'nf dxFuf c:ktfn k'U5g\ t/ cfly{s cj:yf sdhf]/ ePsf / k};f gx'g] nfufL pQm c:ktfn ePsf] nfdfn] atfP . gu/kflnsfn] cfly{s >f]tn] EofP ;Dd cfly{s, ef}lts, sfg'gL ;xof]u ug{] nfdfn] atfP . sfo{qmddf @^ gDa/ jflxgL klt ;'lgn 3n], kfFrvfn gu/kflnsf pk k|d'v ;'o{dfof bg'jf/, /f]lz ufFpkflnsf pkfWoIf led jxfb'/ jfO{jf nufotn] c:ktfnn] dfgjLo ;+a]bgf x]/]/ ;]jf lbg cfu|x u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf :jfut dGtAo c:ktfnsf d];' 8f= dw's/ bfxfnn] /fv]sf lyP eg] sfo{ q mdsf] ;efkltTj c:ktfnsf Aoa:yfkg ;ldlt cWoIf s[i0f k|;fb vgfnn] u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmd ;~rfng k|zf;g clws[t sdn k|;fb e't{]nn] u/]sf lyP .

lxdsfnL ;dfh ;]jfn] u¥of]

;xsf/L ;fIf/tf lzlj/ lhNnfx?df :yflkt e};s]sf] 5 . ;fwf/0f ;efdf cfly{s k|ltj]bg, n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg, n]vf ;'kl/j]Ifs ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg k]; ul/Psf] lyof] . ;xsf/Ln] Ps s/f]8 Ps nfv %# xhf/ $ ;o $ ¿k}ofF sf/f]af/ u/]sf] 5 . ;+:yfdf @ ;o &^ hgf z]o/wgL /x]sf 5g . k|d'v cltly /]jGt uf} t dn] sd{ r f/Lx¿sf] ;xsf/Ln] sd{rf/Lx¿sf] cfly{s cj:yf /fd|f] agfpg Pj+ sfof{nodf ;fd"lxs sfd ug{ cem} pTk|]/0ff yKg], lhNnf lhNnfdf ;+rfngdf /x]sf /fi6«;;]js ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] Plss[t k|0ffnLjf6 ;+rfng ug{ g]kfn lghfdtL sd{ r f/L ;+ u 7g s] l Gb| o sfof{nojf6 ;DefJotf cWoog sfo{ eO{ clxn] @! xhf/ ;]o/ ;b:o ePsf sd{rf/Lx? @ cj{ @% s/f]8 ^* nfvsf] dflns ePsf] hfgsf/L lbP . ;+:yfsf] !#cf} ;fwf/0f

;efjf6 gofF sfo{;ldlt lgjf{lrt ePsf] 5 . cWoIfdf df]xgnfn >]i7, pkfWoIfdf dx]G› /fpt, ;lrj k'?iff]Qd x'dufO{, sf]iffWoIf b]jjxfb'/ a:g]t ;b:ox?df lgd{nf sfsL{, hfg'sf clwsf/L, ;'/]z nfdf, lnnfgfy ;fksf]6f, lhjg a?jfn rog ePsf 5g .

To:t} n]vf ;ldlt ;+of]hsdf /fh]G› ahufO{, ;b:odf /fhs'df/ nfdf, ;dnf a:g]t rog ePsf 5g\ . sfo{qmddf cWoIf df]xg >]i7n] /fi6« ;]js art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf lnld6]8 sfe|]knf~rf]snfO{ :yfkgf sfnb]lv oxfF;Dd Nofpg' x'g] ;+u7s tyf kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ wGojfb JoQm ub}{ o; ;:yfnfO{ sfo{of]hgf agfO{ ;+:yfsf] lxt x'g] sfo{ug]{, lgjt{dfg sfo{;ldltn] rfn' cfly{ s jif{ d f ul/g] nIo / sfo{of]hgfx?nfO{ k'/f ug]{ atfP .

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

z+v'÷lxdsfnL ;dfh;]jf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;]jf s]G› ag]kfsf] cfof]hgfdf ;b:ox?sf nfuL ;xsf/L lzIff tyf ljlQo ;fIf/tf lzlj/sf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] 5 . ;+:yfsf] ;]jf s]Gb| ag]kfsf ;+of]hs s[i0fk|;fb zdf{sf] ;efkltTj tyf sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf art ;+3 lnsf cWoIf pbo/fd sfo:ysf] k|d'v cfltTYodf lzlj/ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . k|d'v cltyL sfo:yn] cfd gful/s ;r]t gx'Fbf ;do ;dodf cfO{kg{] cfly{s ;+s6 tyf ljQ Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;a} kIfn] ljQLo ;fIf/tfdf Wofg lbg'kg{] atfP . ;b:ox?n] g} ;xsf/Lsf af/]df /fd|f] ;u+ ga'emL ;xsf/Lsf] gLlt lgod ljgf ;~rfng ePsf ;xsf/Lx?df sf/f]af/ ubf{ clxn]sf] ;d:of cfPsf] atfP . ;b:ox? rgfvf] eO{ ;do ;dodf ;xsf/Ldf uO{ ;xsf/Lsf] ca:yfsf af/]df rf;f] /fVg], ;~rfnsx?sf af/]df yfxf kfO{ /fVg] ug{' kg{] sfo:yn] atfP . lzlj/ sfo{ q mddf ;:yfsf ;b:ox?nfO{ ljlto ;r] t gfsf] dfWod

dfkm{ t hLjg:t/ psf:g d2t ug{ ] , ;b:o d} q L lqmofsnfknfO{ cuf8L a9fpg ;xh x' g ] cWoIf ch{ ' g ahufO{ n ] atfP . ;+ : yfn] ;b:ox?sf] cfo:t/ psf:g s[ l ifdf nufgL, ;b:ox?nfO{ l;kd' n s tflndx? k| b fg ub{ } cfPsf] ahufO{ n ] atfP . ;+ : yfn] rf/ j6f ;] j f s] G b| a f6 / d' V o sfo{ n o kgf} t L gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ !) z+ v ' a f6 ;] j f k| b fg ub{ } cfPsf] atfP . ;+ : yfdf ! xhf/ $ ;o ;b:o /x] s f] / pQm ;b:ox?af6 d+ l ;/ d;fGt

;Dd !@ s/f] 8 sf] sf/] f af/ ePsf] 5 . lzlj/df ;+ : yfsf Joj:yfks d' / f/L ;' j ] b Ln] ;+ : yfsf] k| u tL tyf efjL sfo{ q mdsf af/] d f k| : t' t Ls/0f u/] s f lyP . sfo{ q mddf sfe| ] k nf~rf] s lhNnf art ;3+sf n]vf ;ldltsf ;+of]hs lzjk|;fb cfrfo{n] ;+:yfsf] art tyf /fxt sf]ifsf af/]df, lhNnf art ;+3sf pk k|aGws /lj s];Ln] ;xsf/Ln] ug{' kg{] sfo{ / ;b:ox?sf] lhDd]jf/L / e'ldsfsf af/]df k|:t'tLs/0f u/]sf lyP .

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL hGdM !(*).)!.)!

:juf{/f]x0fM @)*).(.@)

:j= /0faxfb'/ s'“j/ lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu gful/s d~r -l;ljs kmf]/d_, sfe|]knf~rf]ssf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t -CEO_ j;Gt s'“j/sf] k"hgLo xh'/a'jf /0faxfb'/ s'Fj/sf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

bof;fu/ tfdfª cWoIf tyf

lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu gful/s d~r kl/jf/, sfe|]

hGdM @))^.)*.!^

:juf{/f]x0fM @)*).(.@@

:j= /fhdfof >]i7 o; ;+:yfsf ;+rfns ;ldltsf sf]iffWoIf leds[i0f >]i7sf ddtfdoL dftf /fhdfof >]i7sf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

/fhs'df/ lji6 cWoIf tyf

gf]a]n art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kl/jf/, ag]kf, sfe|]

^

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

jif{ #) c+s !) @)*) k'; @^ ut] ljxLjf/

‘ahf/ Joj:yfkgdf ;/sf/sf] e/ gk/f}+’ M k"j{dGqL af“:sf]6f lwtf] lnnfd ljs|L ug]{ af/] #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M– @)*)÷)(÷@^ ut] o; ;+:yfjf6 tk;Lndf pNn]lvt C0fLn] pkef]u u/]sf] shf{sf] ;fFjf,Jofh / xhf{gf /sd ltg{ a'emfpg' kg]{df xfn ;Dd klg ga'emfO{ shf{ ;DjlGwsf] zt{ tyf aGb]hx? pn+3g u/]sf]n] ;f] ;DjGwdf df}lvs tyf lnlvt kq4f/f ;'rgf ubf{ ;d]t ;+:yfnfO{ ltg'{,a'emfpg' kg]{ shf{sf] ;fFjf,Jofh / xh{gf tyf cGo b}b:t'/sf] /sd ;d]t r'Qmf e'QmfgL gu/L afFsL /x]sf] x'gfn] ldlt @)*)÷)^÷@# ut]sf] :yflgo ;fKtflxs sfe|] 6fOD; klqsf / ldlt @)*)÷)^÷)$ ut]sf] :yflgo r]i6f ;fKtflxs klqsfdf shf{ r'Qmf ug]{ ;DjlGwsf] #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;'rgf tyf k"g ldlt @)*)÷)*÷!$ shf{ r'Qmf ug]{ ;Djlwsf] !% lbg] r]i6f ;fKtflxs klqsfdf ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg ubf{ ;d]t shf{ r'Qmf gu/L cfn6fn u/L c6]/ e} a;]sf]n] tklzndf pNn]lvt lwtf] ;'/If0f ;DklQ lnnfd las|L u/L o; ;+:yfsf] n]gf /sd c;'n pk/ ug{sf nflu lwtf] lnnfd las|L ;DjlGw #% lbg] ;'rgf k|sfzLt ul/Psf] 5 . pNn]lvt Dofbleq tklzndf pNn]lvt lwtf] ;'/If0f ;DklQ lnnfd las|Ldf ;xefuL x'g af]nkq v/Lb u/L lng OR5s ;+3, ;+:yf, kmd{, sDklg tyf ;a{;fwf/0f dxfg'efjx?n] of] ;'rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% lbg leq cfk'mn] sjf]n u/]sf] /sd ;lxtsf] lznaGbL af]nkq k]z ug'{x'g cg'/f]w ub{5f} . lnnfd las|Ldf pQm ;'/If0f lwtf] ;DklQ s;}n] g;sf/]df jf l/t k'j{s af]nkq gk/]df a}s tyf ljlQo ;+:yf ;DjlGw P]g @)&# sf] bkmf %& ,;xsf/L P]g @)&$ / s/f/ P]g @)%^ tyf k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd lwtf] ;'/If0f ;DklQ o; ;+:yf cfkm}n] ;sf/ u/L lng] Aoxf]/f ;d]t ;DjlGwt ;j}nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fOG5 . lwtf] n]lvlbPsf] ;DklQ lnnfd las|L ubf{ jf ;+:yf cfkm}n] ;sf/ ubf{ ;fljsdf ;+:yfaf6 ePsf] d"NofÍg eGbf sd d'Nodf las|L eof] jf d]/f]÷xfd|f] ;DklQsf] plrt d'No k|fKt geO{ sd d'Nodf las|L eof] jf ;+:yf cfkm}n] ;sf/ u/L lnof] egL sxL st} ph"/ afh"/ ug{ kfpg 5}g . ;fy} ;'/If0f /xs]f ;Dk"0f{ lwtf] lnnfd las|Laf6 klg o; ;+:yfsf] ;Dk"0f{ n]gf /sd c;"n pk/ gePdf ;DjlGwt C0fL tyf hdfgLstf{x?sf] cGo rn crn hfoh]yf ;DklQaf6 ;d]t c;'n pk/ u/L lng] / C0fL tyf hdfgLstf{nfO{ a}s tyf ljlQo ;+:yf ;DjlGw P]g @)&# sf] bkmf %& -!!_ adf]lhd sfnf] ;'rLdf ;dfa]z ul/g] Aoxf]/f ;d]t ;DjlGwt ;j}nfO{ ;"lrt u/fOG5 . tkzLn C0fLsf] ljj/0f lwtf] /f]Ssf /x]sf] ;DklQ ljj/0f !_ gfd M– 8f]n axfb'/ sfsL{ hUuf wgL lxl6rf]s ;bfjt{ u'7L ;+:yfg / df]xL 8f]n axfb'/ sfsL{sf] gfddf dfnkf]t sfof{no eQmk'/df btf{ >]:tf sfod /x]sf] eQmk'/ lhNnf lrQkf]n afa'sf] gfd M– rGb| axfb'/ sfsL{ uf=lj=; j8f g+= &v df /x]sf] lsQf g+= #%! sf] If]qkmn !–&–)–) ePsf] afh]sf] gfd M– nlnt axfb'/ sfsL{ hUuf, 8f]n axfb'/ sfsL{sf] gfddf dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]sdf btf{ :yfoL 7]ufgf M– lrQkf]n &, eQmk'/ xfnsf] 7]ufgf M– ag]kf g=kf !#, sfe|]knf~rf]s >]:tf sfod /x]sf] sfe]| ;fFuf @ sf] lsQf g+ !$*$ sf] If]qkmn )–@–@–), ;fFuf $s sf] lsQf g+ @^(^ sf] If]qkmn !–)–)–), sfe]| 6's'rf gfnf ! sf] lsQf g+ gf=k|=g+= M– (#*÷)#&÷#* (&) sf] If]qkmn )–%–)–), sfe]| r08]gLd08g ! sf] lsQf g+ &( sf] If]qkmn hfl/ ldlt M– @)#&÷)(÷)* ^–!)–#–@, sfe]| r08]gLd08g ! sf] lsQf g+ *) sf] If]qkmn $–!$–#–!, hfl/ lhNnf M– eQmk'/ ePsf] / ;f] n] rr}{sf] lnunufkft ;d]t . @_ gfd M– os axfb'/ e'h]n Ps axfb'/ e'h]nsf] gfddf dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe]|knf~rf]sdf btf{ >]:tf sfod /x]sf] sfe|] lhNnf cg}sf]6 uf=lj=;= j8f g+= * sf] lsQf g+= !*^% sf] afa'sf] gfd M– led axfb'/ e'h]n If]qkmn )–^–!–@ ePsf] hUuf / ;f] n] rr}{sf] lnunufkft ;d]t . afh]sf] gfd M– rGb| axfb'/ e'h]n :yfoL 7]ufgf M– l;xb]jL %,cf]vn9'Ëf xfnsf] 7]ufgf M– g+v]n !, eQmk'/ gf=k|=g+= M– !##)#^÷#@! hfl/ ldlt M– @)^#÷!)÷@& hf/L lhNnf M– cf]vn9'Ëf

lnnfdsf zt{x? !_ ;DkQL lnnfdsf] sfo{ ;+:yfsf] sfof{nodf ldlt @)*) ÷!!÷)# ut] lbp;f] $ ah];Dd ul/g]5 . pQm lbg ;fj{hlgs ljbf k/]sdf ;f]sf] ef]lnkN6 ul/g]5 . @_ lnnfd ;sf/ ug]{ JolQmn] 8fFs a9fa9 u/]sf] /sdsf] !)Ü /sd ;+:yfdf w/f}6L :j?k bflvnf ug'{kg}{5 . #_ lnnfd laqmL ;sf/ ePsf] ldltn] !% lbg leq ;+:yfdf afFsL /sd bflvnf u/]sf] x'g'kg]{5 . ;dodf bflvnf gu/]df zt{ eª\u dflg w/f}6L /sd hkmt e} lnnfd laqmLsf] lwtf] bf=vf= u/L ;+:yfn]g} ;sf/ ug]{5 . $_ lnnfd k|ls|of ;b/ ab/ x'g' cufj} C0fLn] ;Dk"0f{ C0f /sd a'emfPdf k|fKt af]nkqx? /2 u/L w/f}6L lkmtf{ lbg ;lsg]5 . w/f}6L :j?k /x]sf] /sddf s'g} Aofh bfjL x'g] 5}g . %_ k|fKt ePsf] af]nkqx? k]z ug]{ JoQmL jf k|ltlglwsf] /xf]j/df vf]lng]5 . olb af]nkq k]z ug]{ JoQmLx? Jf k|ltlglw af]nkq vf]Ng] ;dodf pkl:yt gePdf s'g} afwf ePsf] dflgg]5}g . ^_ s;}n] af]n saf]n gu/]df ;DalGwt lwtf] /lvPsf] ;DklQ o;} ;+:yfn] ;sf/ ul/g]5 .

#% lbg leq shf{ r'Qmf ug]{ ;DaGwL ;'rgf -bf];|f] k6s k|sfzLt ldlt @)*)÷)(÷@^_

o; cfj/ :6\of088{ art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=af6 ldlt @)&&÷!@÷@# ut] Joj;flos k|of]hgsf nflu lng'ePsf] tkl;n adf]lhdsf] /sdsf] e"Qmfg cjlw ;dfKt e} ;s]sf] / af/Daf/ 6]lnkmf]g, df}lvs / lnlvt kqrf/ tLg k6s ubf{ / ldlt @)*)÷)$÷@% ut] #% lbg leq shf{ r'Qmf ug]{ ;'rgf :yfgLo klqsf r]i6f ;fKtflxsdf ;'rgf k|sfzg ubf{ ;d]t xfn;Dd ltg{' a'´fpg' kg]{ ;fjfF Aofh xh{gf /sd e"Qmfg ug]{ tkm{ s'g} rf;f] gb]vfpg' ePsfn] of] ;fj{hlgs ;'rgfsf] ldltn] af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s #% lbg leqdf cfkm'n] ltg{ a'´fpg' kg]{ ;fjf, Aofh, xh{gf r'Qmf e"Qmfg ug'{xf]nf obL lt/L a'´fO{ ;s]sf] eP ;f] sf] lg:;f k|df0f k]z ug'{x'g]5 cGoyf ;xsf/L P]g @)&$, lgodfjnL @)&%, g]kfnsf] k|rlnt sfg"g / ;+:yfsf] shf{ c;"nL lalgodfjnL adf]lhd e}hfg] Aoxf]/f hfgsf/Lsf nflu cg'/f]w 5 . ;f] af6 ck'u e} k'/f /sd c;'n pk/ gePdf gk'u /sd sfg'g adf]lhd sf/jfxL u/L ;DalGwt C0fL jf C0fLsf] Psf3/ ;+uf]nsf c+lzof/x?sf] / To;n] ck'u eP wg hgdfgLstf{sf] gfpdf /x]sf] rn crn ;DklQaf6 c;'n pk/ ul/g] hfgsf/L o;} ;'rgf dfkm{t ;'lrt ul/G5 . sfg'gL k|lqmofdf nfUg] ;Dk'0f{ C0fLaf6 g} c;'n ul/g] hfgsf/L u/fOG5 . hdfgLstf{sf] kmf]6f] lwtf]sf] laj/0f C0fLsf] kmf]6f] hdfgLsf] ljj/0f C0fLsf] ljj/0f afh]sf] gfd MrGb| axfb'/ af“lgof dfnkf]t sfof{no C0fLsf] tLgk':t] ljj/0f C0fLsf] gfd M s[i0f /fh af“lgof sfe|]knf~rf]sdf s[i0f/fh a'afsf] gfd M lgn axfb'/ aflgof hdfgLstf{sf] gfd M p4j aflgof gful/stf g+ @$!)#$÷!*&&# afFlgofsf] gfddf hUuf >]itf -gf=k|= g@$#)#$÷*_ hf/L -hf/L ldlt @)^%÷)$÷!^_ sfod /x]sf] sfe|] lhNnf ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f g+= @ hdfgLstf{sf] 7]ufgf M lktfsf] gfd cUgL k|;fb afFlgofF -xfnsf] j8f g+= %_ df l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf afh]sf] gfd M ejnfn afFlgof /x]sf] lsQf g+=!)!&,!)@) OGb|fjtL ufpkflnsf j8f # shf{ lzif{s M Joj;flos hUuf If] q kmn !&*=)# ju{ afh] M g/nfn aflgof lwtf] shf{ ld=hUufn] rr]{sf] ;Dk'0f{ a'afsf] gfd M ;f]d axfb'/ aflgofF lnu nufkft ;d]t . hdfgLstf{ M lbks aflgofF -gf=k|=g+ !!^@*$_

uf]df yfkf ag]kf k"j{dGqL tyf k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o uf]s'n af:sf]6fn] s[ifssf] pTkfbgsf] laqmL ug{ ahf/ Joj:yfkgdf ;/sf/sf] e/ gkg{ cfu|x u/]sf 5g\ . s[ifs :j+odsf] hfu/0fsf] vfFrf] /x]sf] cf}nfpFb} k"j{dGqL af:sf]6fn] cfkm\gf] pTkfbgsf] a|flG8ª u'0f:t/_ df Wofg lbg ;s] /fd|f] cfDbfgL lng ;lsg] atfP . ‘pBdlzntf / :j/f]huf/, s[lif ljsf;sf] cfwf/’ eGg] d'n gf/fsf] ;fydf s[lif ;xsf/L ;+3 lnld6]8 sfe|]knf~rf]ssf] cf7f}+ aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efdf af]Nb} k'j{ dGqL af:sf]6fn] s[lif ;xsf/Ln] pTkfbg, ahfl/s/0f / u'0f:t/df ls;fgnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{kg]{ e"ldsf gla;{g cfu|x u/]sf . kl5Nnf] ;do ;xsf/L If]qn] u'dfpFb} uPsf] ljZjf;lgotfnfO{ yk k|efjsf/L / ;xh ?kdf cufl8 a9fpg ;xsf/Lsf ;b:ox?sf] ;lqmotf cfjZos /x]sf] pgn] atfP . s[lif ;xsf/L ;+3 lnld6]8df s[lif ;Fu ;Dj4 %% j6f ;b:o ;+:yf cfj4 5g eg] % hgf ;+rfns ;ldlt /x]sf] 5 . ;+3n] dxfef/t, e'Dn', t]dfn, a]yfgrf]s, rf}/Lb]p/fnL ufpFkflnsfdf ;fgf ls;fg s[lif ;xsf/L cg';/0f sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ u/]sf]

5 . ;fy} s[ifsx?nfO{ nlIft u/L hfgsf/Lsf nflu j]e;fO6 www.acukavre.com_ ;+rfng z"? u/]sf] ;+:yfsf cWoIf ;'dg g]kfnn] atfP . ;efsf] aGb ;qn] gofF ;+rfns ;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 . Go'g cfo ePsf tyf l;dfGts[t ls;fgx?sf] cfly{s ?kfGt/0f, tyf ;d[l4sf nflu art ug]{ afgL a;fNg], ljleGg ;Lksf] ljsf; ug]{, Go'g Aofhb/df C0f k|bfg ug]{ p4]Zodf s[lif ;xsf/L ;+3 /x]sf] cWoIf g]kfnn] atfP . s[lif tyf kz'kfng sfo{sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ dn, lap lahg, s[lif cf}hf/ tyf tflndsf] Joj:yf ul/ ;b:ox?sf] hLjg:t/ psf:gsf] cfw'lgs tl/sfn] pGgt kz'kfng ug{ ;+3df cfj4 k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yf dfkm{t ;d[l4sf] ;kgf k'/f ug{

cfjZos ;xof]u / ;xlhs/0fsf] k|of; ul/g] atfP . ;+:yfsf cWoIf ;'dg g]kfnsf] ;efktLTjdf ;DkGg ;efsf] k|d'v cltly k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o P+j k"j{dGqL uf]s'n af:sf]6f, ljz]if cltly afudtL k|b]z b'Uw ljsf; af]8{sf sfo{sf/L pkfWoIf l6sf aNnwj ;fksf]6f, lap t/sf/L tyf kmnkm'n ;xsf/L s]lGb|o ;+3sf cWoIf lagf]b k/fh'nL, afudtL k|b]z s[lif ;xsf/L ;+3sf cWoIf l8NnL kf7s, lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 sfe|]sf cWoIf lbnLk zdf{, k|wfgdGqL s[lif cfw'lglss/0f kl/of]hgf, kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjog PsfO{ sfe| ] k nf~rf] s l;Gw' k fNrf] s sf kl/of]hgf k|d'v e/tk||;fb s8]+n, s[lif 1fg s]Gb| w'lnv]nsf k|d'v s'nk|;fb bjf8L / e]6g/L c:ktfn tyf kz' lj1 s]Gb|sf k|d'v 8f= ;[hf jfUn] nufotsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

shf{ r'Qmf ug]{ ;DaGwL #% lbg] cToGt h?/L ;'rgf -;"rgf k|sfzLt ldlt @)*)÷)(÷@^_

tklzndf pNn]lvt tkfO{ C0fL ;b:on] o; ;+:yfaf6 ljleGg shf{ zLif{s cGtut{ lnPsf] C0fsf] e'QmfgL ldlt ;DffLt eOsg klg ltg{ a'emfpg kg]{ ;fFjf / Aofh glt/L ga'emfO{ C0f ;DaGwL zt{ aGb]h pNn+3g ug'{ ePsf] tyf C0f r'Qmf ug{ k6s k6s lnlvt tyf df}lvs tf/tfs]tf ubf{ ;d]t a]jf:tf u/L lnPsf] C0f ltg{ s'g} rf;f] gb]vfPsf]n] C0fL tyf wg hdfgLsf gfddf of] C0f r'Qmf ug{ Nofpg] af/]sf] #%-k}lt;_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;'rgf k|sfzLt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;'rgf k|sfzLt ePsf] ldltn] #% lbg leq o; ;+:yfdf ;Dks{ /flv tkfO{ C0fLn] shf{sf] ;Dk'0f{ ;fjfF Aofh nufot cGo bfloTjx? ;d]t r'Qmf e'Qmfg ug'{xf]nf . pk/f]Qm tf]lsPsf] Dofb leq ;xsf/L ;+:yfnfO{ ltg'{kg]{ /sd ga'emfPdf C0fL tyf wg hdfgL af6 ;xsf/L ;+:yf lar ePsf] lnlvtsf] ;t{, ;xsf/L P]g @)&$, gLlt lgod tyf k|rnlt sfg'gsf] k|of]u ul/G5 / ag]kf gu/kflnsfdf ;xsf/L P]g adf]lhd ;]jf ;'ljwf /f]Sg kqrf/ ul/g]5 ;fy} C0fL / wghdfgLsf] gfd shf{ ;'rgf s]Gb|sf] sfnf] ;'lrdf ;dfj]z ul/g] tyf lhNnf cbfntdf d'4f rnfO{ rn÷crn ;DklQ lalqm u/L ljlQo ;+:yfsf] n]gf /sd c;'n pk/ ul/g] Joxf]/f ;DalGwt C0fL tyf wghdfgLnfO{ o;} ;'rgf4f/f hfgsf/L u/fOG5 .

C0fL ;b:osf] gfdy/ gfd M ;/f]h b'jfn afh]sf] gfd M nfn sfhL b'jfn a'afsf] gfd M eQm nfn b'jfn gful/stfg+=M 76444 ;b:otf g+= M )^*# 7]ufgf M sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf ag]kf )! xfn M ag]kf %, sfe|] shf{ lzif{s M Joj;flos shf{ gfd M k|ljg k|hfklt afh]sf] gfd M hgsnfn k|hfklt a'afsf] gfd M lg/h k|hfklt gful/stfg+=M 110251 ;b:otf g+= M )!%%!

7]ufgf M sfe|]knf~rf]s, lhNnf ag]kf–)% xfn M ag]kf * shf{ lzif{s M Joj;flos shf{ gfd M ;fw'/fd l3ld/] afh]sf] gfd M kz'klt gfy l3ld/] a'afsf] gfd M u+uf k|;fb l3ld/] gful/stf g+=M 30116844 ;b:otf g+= M )!*&) 7]ufgf M sfe|]knf~rf]s, lhNnf 6's'rf uf=lj=;= *, xfn M ag]kf ! gfd M /fh]Gb| j}B afh]sf] gfd M sfln axfb'/ j}B a'afsf] gfd Mxl/ axfb'/ j}B gful/stfg+=M @#( ;b:otf g+= M )(^^ 7]ufgf M sfe|]knf~rf]s, lhNnf ag]kf–)* shf{ lzif{s M xfo/ k|r]h shf{ gfd M ;fg'afa' al/of afh]sf] gfd M/Tg eQm al/of a'afsf] gfd M ;'o{ eQm al/of gful/stfg M $%!#^÷!& ;b:otf g+= M )$^( 7]ufgf M sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf uf}/L la;f}gL b]pk'/ $ shf{ lzif{s M Joj;flos shf{

kmf]6f]

hdfgL stf{sf] ljj/0f gfd M ;? >]i7 b'jfn ;;'/fsf] gfd M eQm nfn b'jfn >Ldfg\ s f] gfdM ;/f] h b' j fn gful/stfg+=M 1/68/00193 7]ufgf M sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf ag]kf )%

gfd M d+undfg k|hfklt afh]sf] gfd M lx/fdfg k|hfklt a'afsf] gfd M OGb|dfg k|hfklt gful/stfg+=M 65035-602 ;b:otf g+= M )#@!

7]ufgf M sfe|]knf~rf]s, lhNnf ag]kf–)$ xfn M ag]kf ( gfd M cflzsf l3ld/] a'afsf] gfd M OGb|dgL 3f]/;fOg] ;';'/fsf] gfd M u+uf k|;fb l3ld/] 7]ufgf M sfe|]knf~rf]s, lhNnf 6's'rf uf=lj=;= * xfn M ag]kf (

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motiramtimalsina@gmail.com

6'x'/f] ;Gtfgn]] af6f] la/fP kl5sf] b'b{zf !! jif{sf] dfq} lyPF cfdfsf] b]xfGt x'Fbf . cfdfn] hfg] a]nf dnfO{ c+ufnf] xfn]/ eGg' ePsf] lyof] 5f]/L efO{ alxgLn] cfdf gePsf] cg'e'lt ug{ gkfpg\ . afa'n] t >LdtLsf] rfxgf k'/f ug{ csf{] ljjfx ug{ ;S5g\ t/ 5f]/f5f]/Ln] rfx]/ klg csf{] cfdfsf] cg'e'lt ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . dgdf r;Ss 3f]Rof] . cfdfn] lsg o;f] eGb} l5g\ < ;fFRr} cfdfn] xfdLnfO{ 5f8]/ uO{g\ eg] To; kl5sf] ;+;f/ jf kl/jf/ s:tf] xf]nf < x/]s jif{ k]6df aRrf af]s]/} eP klg hGd]sf aRrfx?sf] d'vdf rf/f] /fVg' kg{], k]6 leq ePsf] aRrfsf nflu cfjZos lrhsf nflu cfkm'n] klg vfg} kg{] afWotfsf] pkh leq cfdf u'lh|PsL lyOg\ . 3/df kf]lifnf] vfg]s'/f lyPg . afa'sf] b}lgs /lS; vfg] afgL klg lyof++] . /S;Lsf] ;'/df cfdfn] d]lzg h:t} aRrf hGdfpg' kg{], hlGdPsf aRrfx?sf] :ofxf/ ;';f/ eGbf klg pgsf] zfl//Ls cfjZostf k'/f ug{' kg{] afWotfn] cfdfsf] cj:yf gfh's ePsf] lyof] . sd pd]/df x/]s jif{ aRrf hGdg] eP kl5 cfdfn] Pslbg ue{ t'xfpg] k|of; klg ug{' ePsf] /x]5 . dlxnfx?n] To;sf] kfk af]Sg' kg{] eGb} t;f{P5g\ . cflv/ cfdfn] Tolx w]/} ;Gtfg hGdfpg'sf] kfk pd]/d} d[To'sf] d'vdf k'Ug' k¥of] . wd{ ul/;\ w]/} ;Gtfg hGdfP/ eGg] t s;}n] eg]gg\ . ;DemFbf cfFz' dfq} cfpF5 . egf} s;nfO{ < gegf} s;/L < dg leq k/]sf] b'Mvsf] kf]sf] lj;fpg] rf}tf/L 5}g . dfG5]nfO{ b'Mvsf af/]df eGof] Pp6f sfgn] ;'Gof] csf{] sfgn] p8fOlbFbf] /x]5 . cem p;n] Tolx sdhf]/L / b'Mvdf :jfy{ k"/f ubf{] /x]5 . cfdf ljt]sf] s]lx jif{d} a'afn] csf{] >LdtL Nofpg' eof] . xfd|f] /]vb]vsf nflu eGb} Nofpg'ePsf] csL{ cfdfn] xfdLnfO{ dfof xf]Og oftgf lbg yfNg' eof] . efO{ / b'O{ alxgLsf] Hj/f]sf sf/0f #÷# jif{ gx'Fb} lgwg eof] . ;Gtfg hGdg] / dg{] s'/f ;fdfGo /x]5 . xh'/a'af / xh'/cfdf leGg} x'g'x'GYof] . a' a f klxn] ef/tsf] snstfdf efF8f dfFem\g] sfd ug{'x'Fbf] /x]5 . ToxfF s]lx ;do j;]/ kmls{P kl5 pxfFdf cfPsf] kl/jt{gn] PSn} a:g yfNg' ePsf] /x]5 . sfsf sfsLx?sf] cfkm\g} ;+;f/ lyof] . b'O{ ;Gtfg dfq} lyP . plgx?sf] ;'vL kl/jf/sf] sNkgf ;d]t ug{ ;lsb}g . hxfF ulx/f] ToxfF kfgL eg] h:t} kL8} kL8f ePsf] kl/jf/df ;Gtfgsf] w]/} hGd x'g',

hlGdPsf ;Gtfgx?sf] e6fe6 d[To' x'g' cem cfdf g} g'xg'sf] kl/l:ytL s:tf] /x\of] xf]nf . ;+;f/df hlt afa' ljt]klg cfdfn] cfkm\gf ;GtfgnfO{ x'sf{pg] k|of; ulb{ /lx5g\ . t/ cfdf ljgfsf] kl/jf/ ;fFRr} e'tsf] a+ufnf x'g] /x]5 . afa'n] cfˆgf] ;'vef]usf nflu 5f]/f5f]/Lsf nflu eGb} NofPsf] bf]>|f] cfdfsf] ddtfdoL oftgfn] dfG5] dfG5] xf]Og c? s'g} hftsf] ?kdf lrlgbf] /x]5 . cfdf afa's} x]nfF, oftgf z'? eP kl5 efO{ alxgL lnP/ dfdf3/ a:g yfn]+ . s v l;Sg] /x/ dfq} eof] . ufpFdf ljBfno eP klg s;n] k9fpg] < kl5 efO{ / alxgL t k|fylds txsf] cWoog ;d]t ug{] cj:yfdf /x] . s v l;Sg] cj;/ klg ePg . ufpFdf k9fO{ klg 5}g, sfd klg 5}g . vfg klg /fd|f] ;Fu gx'g] ePkl5 cfkmGtn] dnfO{ sfd ug{] l;nl;nfdf sf7df8f}df NofOlbP .

ToxfF 3/sf] sfd ug{'kg{] lyof] . ljxfg p7]/ ;/;kmfO{ b]lv efF8f dfem\g] / sk8f w'g], a]n'sf klg To:t} . ;fob Tof] 3/sf AolQmx? s'g} ;/sf/L clkm;df sfd ub{y] . vfgf ksfpg] dfG5] 5'§} lyof] . d}n] p;n] cx|fPsf] sfd ug{' kb{Yof] .

ToxfF cfgGb s] eof] eg] 6Gg vfg / nufpg kfOof] . ld7f] dl;gf] kQf] ePg .

Ps k]6 k'/} vfg kfPsf] lbg ;fFRr} cfgGbsf] hLjg rfFlx Tolx /x]5 ls eGg] eof] . ToxfF d}n] 3/sf] w]/} sfd l;s]+ . w]/} dfG5];Fu af]Ng] / ug{] Aojxf/sf af/]df klg hfgsf/L kfPF .

Tof] 3/sf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox? ;fFRr} d]/f nflu eujfg lyP . plgx?sf] dfof / ;b\efjn] d tLg jif{ lg/Gt/ Tolx sfd u/]+ . dfl;s lbg] Ps xhf/ d}n] efO alxgLsf nflu vr{ ug{ yfn]+ . bz+} / ltxf/ h:tf kj{x?df dnfO{ 3/df eGbf cfkm} ;Fu /fv]/ /dfpFYof] Tof] kl/jf/ . dfofdf :jfy{ klg n's]sf] lyof] xf]nf . w]/} kfx'gf x'Gy] efF8f dfem\g csf{] dfG5] klg lyPg . t/ plgx?sf] af]nLdf slxNo} To:tf] b]lvPg . eGy] jif{e/L b'Mv ug{] clg ld7f] vfg] / /fd|f] nufpg] a]nf 5'l§P/ hfg] s'/f /fd|f] xf]Og . To;}n] ltdL c? a]nf 3/ hfp t/ rf8jf8df st} ghfp . d dVv kb{y]+ . ;+;f/df hGd lbg] afa' cfdfn] klg Tolt w]/} dfof lbg ;s]sf lyPgg\ . afa' cfdf eGbf w]/} dfof lbg] ;+;f/sf To:tf AolQmnfO{ s'g bhf{df /fVg ;lsG5 dnfO{ kQf] 5}g < d}n] Tolx 3/df s v dfq} l;lsg . ljBfno :t/sf] sIff % sf] k|df0fkq ;d]t kfPF . tLg jif{sf]

eGg dg lyPg . Kof/f] kl/jf/af6 5'l§P/ a:g' k/]sf] cj:yf / ;/sf/L hflu/ 5f8]/ ljlu|Psf] dltsf af/]df ;'gfpg dg lyPg . ufpFdf a:b} ga:g] eg] kl5 p;sf] klg t d afx]s sf] g} lyof] / . lj:tf/} alxgLn] d]/f] sfdsf af/]df yfxf kfOg\ . plg klg Tolx /]i6'/]G6df 8fG;sf nflu hfg yflng\ . z'?df cln cln l;sfpFYof] . Tolx qmddf plgx?n] af]Ng] zAb / ug{] Aojxf/ g} tNnf] :t/sf] x'GYof] . ToxfF s'g} ;Ddfg lyPg . gf/Lx? eg]sf ;a} zfl//Ls ;DjGwsf nflu dfq} hlGdPsf x'g\ eGg] ;f]rfO{ lyof] . ToxfF hfg] / sfddf nufpg] k'?ifx?n] 3/df ePsf cfdf / lbbL alxgL lj;{g k'Uy] . t/ klg Pp6f k]zf lyof] gu/L vfg} kfOb}g lyof] . sf7df8f}af6 xfdL ;'o{ljgfos a:g yfNof}+ . lbbL alxgL b'j}n] Pp6f 3/sf] k'/} ˆNof6 lnP/

jLrdf d]/f] k|ult Tof] klg dxTjk'0f{ lyof] . ;don] dfG5]nfO{ stf k'¥ofpFbf] /x]5 . vfg / nfpg gkfpg] dfG5]n] Tof] ;'v ;'ljwf kfpFbf dflQg k'u]5' . pd]/n] klg xf]nf . !% jif{sf] ePsf] lyPF . Hofg ;n{Ss k/]sf] lyof] . Tolx ;donfO{ lrGg g;Sbf d}n] cfˆgf] afnfkgsf] pQfpnf]kgf b]vfPF .

3/a]6Lsf 5f]/fn] d]/f] pQfpnf]kgfsf sf/0f Tof] 3/af6 d lgsflnFP . d]/f] / pgsf] n's]/ ePsf] ;DjGw af/]df s;}nfO{ s]lx elggF . d]/f] sdhf]/Ldf pgnfO{ lsg b'Mv lbg' < ToxfFaf6 d}n] lgsfn] kl5 lrghfgsf cfwf/df ;/sf/L sfof{nodf ;xof]uLsf ?kdf cj;/ k|bfg ul/of] . dfl;s tLg xhf/sf] tnjn] d]/f] k]6 el/g 5f8\of] .

8]/f lnP/ a:g' eGbf clkm;s} sf]7fdf ;'Tbf k};f kb{}g lyof] . d]/f] dgn] k};f

. Tolx artsf] /sdn] p ljb]z uof] . d otf lj/fdL k/]+ . cGttM dnfO{ PrcfO{eL eP5 . nfdf] ;do lj/fdL ePkl5 6]s' c:ktfnn] dnfO{ ;+qmldt ePsf] k'li6 u¥of] . PrcfO{eL lj?4sf] cf}ifwL lgoldt ;]jgsf sf/0f l7s x'Fb} uof] . ;+;f/ efl;Psf] dx;'; eof] . t/ klg afFRg dg nfUof] . dg{ ;lsPg .

Tof] s'/f d}n] p;nfO{ ;'gfpg ;lsg . sl/j @ jif{ ljb]z uP/ p :jb]z kmls{of] . p;n] % nfv hlt sdfP/ k7fPsf] lyof] . d}n] p;n] ljb]zdf sdfPsf] /sd Ps k};f klg vr{ ul/gF . p;n] ltdL lgsf] xf} k};f 7'nf] s'/f xf]Og eGYof] . t/ dnfO{ slxNo} lgsf] gx'g] /f]u nfu]sf] p;nfO{ kQ} lyPg . 5f]/Ldf ;+qmldt lyPg . To;kl5 d ;fdflhs ;+:yfsf] ;Dks{df k'u]+ . Tolxaf6 PrcfO{eLsf af/]df hgr]tgf km}mnfpFb} lx8]sf] 5' . dfG5]sf] ul/aLn] kf/]sf]

d]/f] dgn] k};f dfq} vf]Hg yfn]sf] lyPg . lj:tf/} cGo AolQmx?;Fu ;DjGw z'? eof] . eGg], s/fpg], ufnL ug{] AolQm sf]lx gePsfn] d}n] unt af6f] lng yfn]sf] dx;'; x'g yfn]sf] lyof] . ;a}sf] Kof/f] aGg yfn]+ . k};fsf] ;d:of ePg . a;]sf lyof}+ . k6s k6s k|x/Lsf] s:68Ldf klg k'Uof}+ . Tolxaf6 xfdL u|fxsx?;Fu afu{]lgË ul//x]sf x'GYof}+ . sf]lx s]6fx?sf] t sfd} Tolx dfq x'GYof] . sf]lx xfdLnfO{ ldnfO{ lbP afkt sl;;g lnP/ afFRg] klg lyP .

Tolx qmddf Pp6f s]6fn] d;Fu ljjfxsf] k|:tfj u¥of] . hf] cln al9 d;Fu ;Dks{df lyof] . p;sf] klxnfsf] >LdtLn] 5f8]/ uPsf] / PSnf] ePsf] dx;'; ePsfn] b'j} klxnf] gePsfn] ljjfx u/f} / b'j}sf] afFsL lhGbuL xfF;]/} ljtfcf} eGg] lyof] . d}n] klg Ps lbg cflv/ ;fyL t rflxG5 g} lsg gug{] t < eGg] lg0f{odf k'u]+ . p uf8L rnfpg] sfd ub{Yof] . ljjfx kl5 p;n] alxgLnfO{ klg To:tf] sfd 5f8]/ ljjfx ug{ ;Nnfx lbGYof] . xfdLaf6 Pp6f ;Gtfgsf] klg hGd eof] . ljjfx kl5 klg d p;sf] cfFvf 5ln 5ln u|fxsx?sf] ;Gt'i6 d]6fOlbGy] . p;n] k};fsf] cefj xf]Og ca Hofg ;'/lIft /fVg'k5{ eGYof] . p klg /fd|} k};f sdfpFYof] . sdfPsf] k};f To:t} sfddf ;Sg] /x]5 . ljjfx kl5 xfdLn] # nfv hlt art klg u/]sf lyof}+ . 38]/L lsGg] ;'/;f/ x'Fbf x'Fb} p;n] ljb]z hfg] s'/f u¥of] . d}n] l:js[t lbPF

dfq} vf]Hg yfn]sf] lyPg . lj:tf/} cGo AolQmx?;Fu ;DjGw z'? eof] . eGg], s/fpg], ufnL ug{] AolQm sf]lx gePsfn] d}n] unt af6f] lng yfn]sf] dx;'; x'g yfn]sf] lyof] . ;a}sf] Kof/f] aGg yfn]+ . k};fsf] ;d:of ePg . sfof{nodf lhDd]jf/L yk eof] . d]/f] lbgrof{ kl/jt{g eof] . d /fd|L ePsfn] dnfO{ sf7df8f}sf] 8fG; af/df nluof] . To:t} ;fyLx?sf] ;+utdf d k/]F . ToxfF cg]s vfnsf s]6fx?n] d;Fu zfl//Ls ;Dks{sf] k|:tfj /fv] . z/L/ a]r]/ hLjg wfGg] of]hgfn] Aofkstf kfof] .

8fG; af/df hfg] ;a} o'jtLx? d h:tf klg x'Ggg\ . 5}gg\ klg . t/ d ;fg} b]lv unt af6f]df nfu]sfn] Totftkm{ km;]+ . cfdf gePs} sf/0f, afa'n] csf{] >LdtL ljjfx u/]/ xfdLnfO{ x]Fnf u/]sf sf/0f d Tof] af6f]df km;]+ . c? ;Gtfg To:tf 5}gg\ .

Pp6f ;Gtfg unt af6f]df nfUbf p;n] ef]Ug' kg{] cj:yf s:tf] x'G5 eGg] d pbfx/0f dfq} x'F . 8fG; /]i6'/]G6sf] gt{sL ePF . hLjgz}nL k'/} kl/jt{g eof] . otf efO{ alxgL cWoog ub{} lyP . alxgL sf7df8f} a:g] s'/f ul/g\ . d}n] gn}hfg cg]s k|of; u/]+ . /x/} /x/df km;]sf] d]/f] gs{ h:tf] hLjgz}nLsf af/]df pgnfO{

k|efj, r]tgf / ;DaGwn] k'¥ofpg] c;/ d]/f] hLjgdf b]vf k¥of] . oltv]/ d alxgLsf] s'nt 5'6fpg t ;kmn ePsf] 5' t/ p;nfO{ csf{] s'g} sfd lbg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . ;+/If0f ug{] cleefjs 5}gg\ . a]nufdsf] 3f]8f h:t} ePsf ;Gtfgx?sf] eljiosf af/]df s;n] lhDdf lng ;S5 / < >Ldfg\ oltv]/ ;jf/L rfnssf ?kdf 5g\ . pgn] w]/} kl5 d]/f] /f]usf af/]df a'em] . pgn] Tof] af/]df hfgsf/L kfPkl5 dnfO{ emg} /fd|f] Aojxf/ u/]sf 5g\ . plg ;+qmldt 5}gg\ . clxn]sf] k':tfdf b]lvPsf] c;dembf/L / ;DaGw ljR5]b Tolx zfl//Ls ;DaGwsf sf/0f 6fl9Psf] t 5}g < o:tf] cj:yfdf klg ;fy lbg] klg k'?if 5g\ . ;xh cj:yfaf6 of] cj:yfdf k'¥ofpg] klg k'?if g} 5g\ . s;/L a'emf}+ ca d <

/]lasf l;+tfg ag]kf, sfe|] -of] syf cfh ljxLjf/ a]n'sf * ah]sf] :yfgLo ;dfrf/kl5 b]j/fh a8fnsf] ;fydf k|fO{d PkmPd !)$=% d]ufxh{df ;'Gg ;Sg'x'g]5 ._

;'Gtnf au}+rf Aoj:yfkgdf s[ifssf] Wofg Go"g w' l nv] n ÷sfe| ] k nf~rf] s lhNnfdf pTkfbg ePsf ;'Gtnfsf bfgf cGo lhNnfsf eGbf ;fgf b]lvPsf 5g\ . s[ifsx?sf] au}rf Aoj:yfkgdf ePsf] cAojl:yt of]hgfsf sf/0f kmNb} gkmNg] / kmn]sf ;'Gtnfx? klg ;fgf x'g] u/]sf x'g\ .

! xhf/ ^ ;o x]S6/df * xhf/ d]l6«s 6g ;'Gtnf / sfutL pTkfbg x'g] lhNnfsf a]yfGrf]s, kgf}tL, w'lnv]n, gdf]a'4 nufotsf If]qdf #) jif{ k'/fgf af]6x? cem} ;lqmo 5g\ . gofF au}Frf, ePsf] aFu}rfsf] plrt Aoj:yfkg nufotdf

s[ifsx?n] Wofg lbg' kg{] s[lif 1fg s]Gb| sfe|]knf~rf]s / l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfsf k|d'v s'nk|;fb bjf8Ln] atfP . s[ifsx?n] ;'Gtnfsf] af]6nfO{ lgoldt dn, kfgL nufot lj?jfnfO{ cfjZos kg{] vfBfGg / uf]8d]n tyf

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5fF6sfF6 ug{' kg{] bjf8Ln] atfP . lgoldt ?kdf au}rf Aoj:yfkg gu/]s} sf/0f ;'Gtnf kmn]sf tyf uf]8d]n gu/]sf sf/0f ;fgf] ePsf] pgn] atfP . lhNnfdf kmNg] ;'Gtnfsf] ahf/ eP klg au}rf ;'wf/sf nflu s[ifsx? ;lqmo gePsf] pgn] atfP .

;'Gtnf au}rf leq ljleGg vfnsf v]lt x'Fbf To;sf] c;/ tyf hf]tvg ubf{ h/fnfO{ k'¥ofpg] c;/sf af/]df s[ifsx? ;r]t gePsf] kfO{Psf] pgn] atfP . ut jif{ eGbf w]/} ;'Gtnf kmn]sf] eP klg bfgf ;fgf x'Fbf d'No sd k|fKt x'g] u/]sf] 5 .

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gvf]Hg' x} dnfO{ a;Gt Ct'sf] xl/ofnLdf d t phf8 d?e'lddf x/f{O{ ;s]5' g;lDemg' x} dnfO{ s'g} v'lzofnLdf d t b'Mv / cfFz'sf] ;fu/df kf] 8'la ;s]5' gvf]Hg' x} dnfO{ k"l0f{dfsf] h'g]nL /ftdf d t %% l8u|Lsf] 3fddf hNg k'u]5' gvf]Hg' x} dnfO{ xhf/f}+ b'lgofFsf] le8df d t afn'j} afn'jfsf] d?e'dL df k'uL ;s]5' gvf]Hg' x} dnfO{ laxfgLsf] ;':t/L kjgdf d t ;d'G›L cfFlwdf a8f/Lg kf] k'uL ;s]5' gvf]Hg' x} dnfO{ j/lkknsf] 5xf/Ldf d t ?v} gePsf] d?e'dLdf kf] d8fl/g k'uL ;s]5' gvf]Hg' x} dnfO{ hGde'ldsf] s'gf s'gfdf d t ufpF 3/ 5f8L ;d'G› t/L k/fO alg ;s]5' gvf]Hg' x} dnfO{ klxnfsf] ufpF 3/sf] 7]ufgfdf d t ca k/b]zL kf] e};s]5', k/b]zL kf] e};s]5' ;fu/ af]x/f dx]+Gb|gu/, s+rgk'/

ljBfyL{nfO{========= ;a} ljBfyL{x?nfO{ sfg"gL ;fIf/tf ;lxtsf] ax;, k}/jL;Fu} ;+ul7t ug{] cleofgdf 5f}+Ú–cg]/f:jljo' sfe|]sf cWoIf ldngs'df/ uf}tdn] eg]–…! ;o $! j6f ;fd'bflos ljBfno dWo] ^! j6fdf k'lu;s]sf 5f}+ . !^ j6f ;fd'bflos SofDk; dWo] !# j6fdf sld6L u7g eO{;s]sf 5g\ .Ú lhNnfsf $ xhf/ eGbf w]/} ljBfyL{x?nfO{ cg]/f:jljo'df cfj4 ub{} ;+ljwfgn] u/]sf Aoj:yf, ljBfyL{ xs lxt tyf lgz'Ns lzIffsf nflu ePsf sfg"gL Aoj:yf / clwsf/sf nflu ;+ u l7t ul//x] s f] cg]/f:jljo'n] atfPsf] 5 . cg]/f:jljo'n] ^! j6f dfjL / !# j6f SofDk;df k|f/lDes sld6L u7g ul/;s]sf] 5 . sld6Ldf sIff * b]lv !@ ;Dd cWoog ug{] ljBfyL{x? cfj4 5g\ . cleofgdf cWoIf ldngs'df/ uf}td, pkfWoIf lbk]z s];L, cfbz{ Gof}kfg], lbk]z ltdlN;gf /x]sf 5g\ eg] ;lrj ljdnf ltdlN;gf, sf]iffWoIf ;f}uft clwsf/L nufotsf] l6d ;lqmo 5 . k|rf/ tyf dlxnf ljefusf k|d'vx?, lhNnf OGrfh{ ;'dg h}? klg cleofgdf hf]l8Psf 5g\ . cleofg;Fu} cg]/f:jljo'n] /rgfTds s[ofsnfk ul//x]sf] 5 . km'6;n, aSt[Tjsnf, df}lns xs ;DjGwL sfg"gL ;r]tgf sfo{qmd klg ;+rfng ul//x]sf] cWoIf uf}tdn] atfP . lgjGw n]vg k|ltof]lutf, l6s6s k|lt:kwf{, P;O{O{ plt{0f ljBfyL{ ;Ddfg, k'/ftflTjs, ;+:s[ltsf] hu]gf{ ug{] pb]Zo ;lxtsf] df}lnstf ;+/If0f sfo{qmd, Ps k|f/lDes sld6L Ps /rgfTds sfo{qmd, Ps kflnsf Ps /rgfTds sfo{qmdnfO{ k|fyldstf lbPsf] 5 . k|f/lDes sld6L, kflnsf sld6L / lhNnf sld6LnfO{ ;lqmo agfpFb} ljBfyL{x?sf] xs lxt / clwsf/sf nflu clvn ;Ktfx agfpg] tof/L ePsf] cWoIf uf}tdn] atfP . …ljleGg !% ljBfdf k|lt:kwf{ u/fpg] p2]Zon] clvn ;Ktfxsf] cfof]hgf ug{] tof/L u/]sf 5f}+Ú–cWoIf uf}tdn] eg]–…u'0f:t/Lo / lgz'Ns lzIff cfhsf] cfjZostf eGg] lzif{sdf ax; k}/jL, /fhgLlts cleofg tyf ljBfyL{x?sf] lxtsf vflt/ ;lqmo 5f}+ .Ú @)*) h]i7 ! ut] ljBfyL{ lbj;sf] lbg #) cf} cWoIfsf ?kdf lgjf{lrt ldngs'df/ uf}td g]t[Tjsf] l6dn] Pg;]nsf] z]o/ vl/b ljqmL k|s/0fdf …:jfxf sfo{qmdÚ, gful/stf ljw]os lj?4 k'Tnf bxg, /fi6«kltn] xTof/f l/un 9sfnsf] s}b ldgfxf u/]sf] lj?4df cfGbf]ng, afnaflnsf dfyL ljBfno txdf x'g] u/]sf] lx+ ; f lj?4sf] ;r] t gf sfo{ q md, afnaflnsfx? dfkm{t uf]Ko ;'emfj ;+sng sfo{ q md, /fi6« k ltsf] pkrf/df k| T o] s gful/s;Fu ! ?k}of ;xof]u ;+sng, d'Noa[4L tyf zflGt ;'/Iffsf] dfu ub{} k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L dfkm{t 1fkgkq x:tfGt/0f, ;fj{hlgs oftfoftdf ef8f 5'6 nufotsf ljifodf cg'udg / sfof{Gjogdf bafa, 6«flkms k|x/L ;Fusf] ;dGjodf ;r]tgf d'n's sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] cWoIf uf}tdn] atfP . cg]/f:jljo'sf] g]t[Tjdf ljBfyL{x?sf nflu $% k|ltzt ef8f 5'6, dgf]/~hg z'Nsdf %) k|ltzt 5'6, k|df0fkq lwtf] /fv]/ C0f, ljZjljBfnodf af]8{ ckm 6«i6L nufotsf /fli6«o d'2f ;kmn ePsf lyP .

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ut];Dd ;do ljk/Lt ldy'g rn]sf] x'Fb@^–@* f d[To't'No si6 cfOkg{ ;Snf, afFsL lbgdf df+ulns sfo{df ;xeflutf, dgdf k|zGgtf ;fy} 3/df zflGt 5fpnf . dGq M ç /f]ud'Qmo km6\ .

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sd{rf/L cfjZostf

o; dfsfb'd ;fd'bflos art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=sf] nflu b]xfoaddf]lhdsf sd{rf/L cfjZostf ePsf] x'Fbf OR5's JolQMx?n] cfkm\gf] afof]8f6f ;lxt & lbgleq sfof{nodf ;Dks{ug{x'g cg'/f]w ul/G5 .

rf/bf]af6f], ag]kf

;:tf] / e/kbf{] pkrf/sf] nflu xfd|f ;]jfx? M

48fS6/ pknAw ljxfg & ah]b]lv a]n'sf & ah];Dd .

48fS6/ e'if0f >]i7 ljxfg !! ah]b]lv lbpF;f] @ ah];Dd .

4:qL /f]u ljz]if1 lbpF;f] !@ ah]b]lv ! ah];Dd .

4xf8 hf]gL{ ljz]if1 lbpF;f] !@ ah]b]lv $ ah];Dd .

4afn/f]u ljz]if1 x/]s lbg a]n'sf % ah] / zlgjf/ ljxfg !) ah]b]lv % ah];Dd .

4gfs sfg 3fF6L lbpF;f] ! ah]b]lv $ ah];Dd .

4dfgl;s /f]u ljz]if1 dlxgfsf] bf]>f] zlgjf/ lbpF;f] @ ah]b]lv $ ah];Dd .

4lel8of] PS; /] (Ultra Sound) ljxfg !!M#) ah]b]lv lbpF;f] $ ah] ;Dd .

4lgMz'Ns ;'u/ hfFr x/]s dlxgfsf] ! ut] .

h{g x/]s lbg ;

ljZjljBfno cg'bfg cfof]u (UGC) af6 u'0f:t/sf] QAA k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf] sfe|] lhNnfsf] pTs[i6 z}lIfs ;+:yfdf z}lIfs ;q @)*).)*! sf] nflu :gfts (Bachelor) tx / :gftsf]Q/ tx (Master Degree) sf sIffx?df egf{ v'Nof] .

;]jf

:qL/f]u ljz]if1 ;]jf k|To]s lbg

v'Ng] ;do M ljxfg & b]lv a]n'sf & ah];Dd

egf{ v'Nof] Ûegf{ v'Nof] ÛÛ

fFr x/]s gf]6 M lgMz'Ns ;'u/ h/Psf] 5 dlxgfsf] ! ut] ;'? ul

;Dks{ )!!–^^$##@, (*$)@^!!%^, (*)#%%&$*(@

kb M ahf/ k|ltlglw of]Uotf M ±@ pQL0f{ tna M ;+:yfsf] lgodfg';f/

;+Vof M ! -hgf_

cfjZos sfuhftx? != z}lIfs of]Uotf k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk @= gful/stfsf] k|ltlnlk #= kf;kf]6{ ;fO{hsf] kmf]6f] ! k|lt $= sDKo'6/ ;DalGw bIftfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk %= sDtLdf ! jif{sf] sfo{ cg'ej x'g]nfO{ k|fyldstf ^= cfkm"n] lnPsf] tflnd k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk

lgj]bg kmf/d

M ?= !)).–

;Dks{

dfsfb'd ;fd'bflos art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, ag]kf–&, sfe|]

:gftsf]Q/ tx

;Dks{ g+= )!!–^^@@^# -k'/fgf] t/sf/L ahf/sf] l7s kfl/kl§_

MBS & M.Ed.

k|eft art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=

$ jif{] :gfts tx k|yd jif{ sIff ljifox?

B.Ed.

P]lR5s g]kfnL, ul0ft, cFu|]hL, hg;+Vof

B.B.S.

n]vf kmfO{gfG;

sIff

ljifox?

B.A.

Sociology & Rural Development

ag]kf–&, a;kfs{, sfe|]

sfof{no ;g{]af/] ;"rgf

SofDK; k|d'v

kmf]g g+= )!!–$$))@*, (*$!$#!))!, (*$!#))*)*

/]lah /f]uaf6 aRg af}nfxf s's'/ b]lv ;hu /xf}+ . :jf:Yo sfof{no sfe|]

ag]kf–&, a;kfs{df /x]sf] o; ;+:yfsf] sfof{no @)*) df3 ! ut]b]lv ag]kf–& df /x]sf] uf]kfn l;+ dfu{ ;]d/s :s"n;Fu} z'esfdgf xnsf] k5f8L lhNnf v]ns"b ljsf; ;ldlt a;]sf] ejgdf ;g{] ;Dk"0f{ z]o/ ;b:ox?df hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}+ . ;Dks{

)!!–^^)&%(, (*$#@%!!($, (*$!*$*^(^

ag]kf gu/kflnsf gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no ag]kf, sfe|]knf~rf]s afudtL k|b]z, g]kfn

;"rgf Û ;"rgf Û Û ;"rgf Û Û Û -k|yd k6s ;"rgf k|sfzg ldlt @)*)÷)(÷@# _ ;xsf/L ;DjGwL kl5Nnf] ;dodf b]lvPsf ljljw lsl;dsf ;d:ofx? k|lt k|rlnt sfg"gL Joj:yf / ;xsf/Lsf cfwf/e"t l;4fGt / d"NodfGotfk|lt ;DjlGwt ;j} kIfx?nfO{{ lhDd]jf/ x'g / xfn} ag]kf gu/kflnsfn] gu/ ;xsf/L lgodfjnL, @)*) / ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] cfGtl/s cg'udg tyf :j–d"Nof+sg dfkb08, @)*) lgdf{0f u/L nfu" eO{ ;s]sf] tyf ldlt @)*)÷)(÷!# ut] ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf] lgodg If]qflwsf/ leqsf ;j} k|s[ltsf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf cWoIf / k|aGwsx?sf nflu dfly pNn]lvt sfg"gsf] sfof{Gjog ;DjGwL cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg eO{ ;s]sf] 5 . ;xsf/L ;DaGwL k|rlnt P]g, lgod, sfg"g / dfly pNn]lvt sfg"g ;d]tsf cfwf/df ;DalGwt ;j} ;+:yfx?nfO{ cf–cfˆgf] ljlgod k'gn]{vg u/L ldlt @)*) df3 !# ut] leq ag]kf gu/kflnsfdf :jLs[ltsf nflu k]z ug{ lgb]{zg hf/L eO{ ;s]sf]n] cf–cfˆgf] ;+:yfsf] ;fwf/0f ;ef jf ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;efdf ;DalGwt ;b:ox? pkl:yt eO{ ;+:yfsf ljleGg ;ldlt tyf pk–;ldltdf /x]sf JolQmx? o; gu/sf] :yfoLaf;L eP gePsf] / tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] ;do ;Ldf leq ;fwf/0f ;ef jf ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;ef eP gePsf] ljifodf cfjZos hfgsf/L jf ;"rgf o; sfof{nonfO{ lbg'x'g ;DalGwt ;a}df of] ;"rgf hf/L ul/Psf] 5 . ;xsf/L ;DjGwL o; sfof{nosf tkl;n adf]lhdsf sfo{qmdx?sf] hfgsf/L klg olx ;"rgf dfkm{t u/fO{G5 . !_ o; gu/ If]qdf d'Vo sfof{no, zfvf sfof{no jf ;]jf s]Gb| /fvL ;+rfngdf /x]sf k|b]z tyf ;+3Lo lgodg If]qflwsf/ cGtu{tsf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf k|aGwsx?nfO{ tL ;+:yfx?;Fu ;DalGwt ljifoj:t'x?sf] af/]df ldlt @)*)÷!)÷& ut] leq cled'vLs/0f ug]{ . @_ ldlt @)*)÷)(÷@( ut] leq gu/ ;xsf/L lgodfjnL @)*) sf] lgod !)) sf] pk lgod $ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltdf /xg] ;f]xL pk lgodsf] v08 -r_ / v08 -ª_ adf]lhdsf ;b:ox?sf] lgo'lQm tyf dgf]gog ul/;Sg] . #_ dfly k|s/0f g+= # df pNn]v ePsf] ;ldltsf] ;f]xL pk lgodsf] v08 -5_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhsf] ;b:ox?sf nflu ldlt @)*) df3 !) ut] leq tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] ;"rL tof/ ul/;Sg] . $_ ldlt @)*)÷!)÷@% ut] leq gu/ ;xsf/L lgodfjnL @)*) sf] lgod !)) sf] pk lgod -$_ sf] v08 -3_ adf]lhdsf ;b:ox?sf] lgaf{rg u/L ;Sg] . %_ ldlt @)*) ;fn df3 d;fGt leq gu/ ;xsf/L lgodfjnL @)*) sf] lgod !)) sf] pk lgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] k"0f{ a}7s j;L ;xsf/Lsf cfufdL gLlt tyf sfo{qmd / of]hgfx? to ug]{ . ^_ ldlt @)*) ;fn kmfu'g ;dfGt leq gu/sf] lgodg If]q leqsf ;j} k|s[ltsf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n] cfkm" leq laBdfg /x]sf ;j} lsl;dsf ;d:ofx?sf] klxrfg u/L To;df ;'wf/sf] of]hgf gu/kflnsfdf k]z ug]{ . &_ ldlt @)*)÷!)÷!& ut] ;DalGwt ;+:yf, gu/kflnsf / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?sf] ;dGjodf cfjZos tflndx? ;+rfng ug]{] .

-ef]nf k|;fb rfkfufO{_ k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t

r]i6f klAns]zg k|f=ln=åf/f k|sflzt tyf d'lb|t, cWoIf M czf]s Jof~h", sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbs M df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf, ;x ;Dkfbs M nId0f ltdlN;gf, sDKo'6/ ck/]6/ M nf]saxfb'/ yfkf, sfof{no M ag]kf !), sfe|], kmf]g g+= )!!^^@$($, email: cheshtaweekly@yahoo.com/website: www.cheshtaweekly.com.np, d'b|0f M ;Gtf]if lk|lG6ª k|];, ag]kf, sfe|] .