issue-39

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km};nf ;':t, sfof{Gjog lta| ag]kf÷;dod} Dofb tfd]nL x'g g;Sg' / k|df0f h'6fpg g;Sg' h:tf sf/0f lhNnf cbfnt sfe|k] nf~rf]sn] d'2fsf] km};nfdf nIo e]§fpg ;s]g . km};nfn] nIo e]§fpg g;s]kl5 cbfnt ;':t b]lvPsf] 5 . lhNnf cbfntsf >]:t]bf/ s[i0fk|;fb clwsf/Lsf cg';f/ ;dod} Dofb tfd]nL gx'Fbf km};nfdf l9nfO{ x'g k'u]sf] atfP . d'n'sn] Tolx ;do

k|b]z / k|ltlglw ;efsf] lgjf{rg klg ;DkGg u/]sfn] cbfntsf] s]lx hgzlQm lgjf{rgdf ;d]t kl/rfng x'g' k/]sfn] km};nfdf s]lx c;/ k'¥ofPsf] 5 . d'2f a'em\g cfjZos kg{] k|df0f ;dod} k'¥ofpg g;Sbf d'2fsf] k"0f{ c+u x'g ;s]g .

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w]/} ‘s/’ ltg{] w'lnv]n c:ktfn ljlQo If]qdf ljGwafl;gL ;xsf/L, ljBfnodf ljBf ;fu/, xf]6ndf ld/fsn, Aoj;foLdf d]nDrL P08 OGb|fjtL :6f]g k|flnn] w]/} s/ a'emfP . df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf w'lnv]n

pkrf/sf] u'0f:t/, ;]jf, ;'ljwf / lzIffdf ;d]t cAan dflgPsf] w'lnv]n ;fd'bflos c:ktfn lhNnfs} 7'nf] s/ ltg{] ;+:yfsf] ?kdf lrlgPsf] 5 . w'lnv]n c:ktfnn] aflif{s & s/f]8 $# nfv s/ a'emfP/ 7'nf] s/bftf ;+:yfsf] ?kdf lrgfPsf] xf] . lhNnfdf cfos/df !# xhf/ # ;o $* s/bftf ;xeflu ePsf 5g\ . h;dWo] Eof6df @ xhf/ # ;o %# btf{ ePsf 5g\ eg] cGtMz'Nsdf & ;o @& j6f kmd{ btf{ ePsf 5g\ . ! nfv eGbf w]/} s/ a'emfpg] s/bftfx?sf ;+Vof % ;o ^^ /x]sf] 5 . !) nfv eGbf w]/} s/ a'emfpg] s/bftfx?sf] ;+Vof ! ;o ( j6f /x]sf 5g\ . To;dWo] lhNnfdf ;a}eGbf w]/} s/ a'emfpg] ;+:yf w'lnv]n ;fd'bflos c:ktfn ePsf] 5 . w'lnv]n c:ktfnn] Ps jif{df & s/f]8 $# nfv s/ a'emfPsf] xf] . c:ktfnnfO{ ;/sf/n] c:ktfndf vl/b

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?kdf w'lnv]n ;fd'bflos c:ktfnnfO{ lrlgPsf] 5 . s/f]8 eGbf w]/} s/ a'emfpg] ;+:yfx? dWo] ljGwafl;gL ;xsf/L /x]sf] 5 . ljGwafl;gLn] @ s/f]8 $$ nfv s/ a'emfPsf] 5 .

To:t} :j/f]huf/ n3' pBdLn] @ s/f]8 ! nfv a'emfPsf] 5 eg] d]nDrL P08 OGb|fjtL :6f]g k|flnn] ! s/f]8 ^& nfv /sd a'emfPsf] 5 . afFsL @ k]hdf

– ljBf ;fu/ :s'n – !^ nfv #% xhf/ – u|]l;o/ Ph's]zg – !# nfv @$ xhf/ – lgi6 sn]h ag]kf – ( nfv – k|ult k|eft Ps]8]dL – ( nfv (* xhf/ – :jl0f{d eljZo – % nfv *% xhf/ – w'lnv]n xfO{:s'n – $ nfv, – ;/:jtL lzIff u[x – # nfv @@ xhf/ – km'Nrf]sL gl;{Ë – @ nfv &) xhf/ – Pe/]i6 Ps]8]dL – # nfv && xhf/ – sfe|] dfjL ag]kf – @ nfv @& xhf/ – l;4fy{ pdfjL ag]kf – @ nfv @! xhf/ – lIflth :s'n ag]kf – @ nfv # xhf/ – kfFrvfn EofnL – ! nfv ^% xhf/ – /fdeQm d]df]l/on – ! nfv ^# xhf/ – lng OG6/g]zgn – ! nfv ^@ xhf/ – ;/:jtLs'~h – ! nfv $# xhf/ – 1fgs'~h ag]kf – ! nfv $) xhf/ – sfe|] OËln; dfjL kgf}tL – ! nfv ## xhf/ – sfe|] :jf:Yo tflnd lzIffno – ! nfv @) xhf/ – l8efO{gnfO{6 – ! nfv ^ xhf/ – Ozf d]df]l/on – ! nfv # xhf/ – u|;] Nof08 :s'n – ! nfv ! xhf/

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For more details:

– w'lnv]n ;fd'bflos c:ktfn– & s/f]8 $# nfv – ljGwafl;gL ;xsf/L– @ s/f]8 $$ nfv – :j/f]huf/ n3' pBd a}s + – @ s/f]8 ! nfv – d]nDrL P08 OGb|fjtL :6f]g k|fln– ! s/f]8 ^& nfv – ldld{/] dfO{qmf] kmfO{gfG; – ! s/f]8 %% nfv – ;fFuf sG6«S;g– ! s/f]8 %! nfv – ;fd'bflos art– ! s/f]8 ## nfv – a'8f]n ;fd'bflos ;fsf];– ! s/f]8 ^& nfv – l;jL e08f/L h]jL– *& nfv – ld/fsn xf]6n– *% nfv – ;fd'bflos n3' ljQ – *! nfv – /fh]Gb| hf]zL ;Knfo;{– *) nfv – r08]Zj/L ;fsf];– &# nfv – o'lge;{n jfO{g – ^@ nfv – olt Knfl:6s– %( nfv – Hof]tL ax'pb]lZoo ;xsf/L– ^! nfv – dgsfdgf ;xsf/L– %! nfv %* xhf/ – w'lnv]n nh– %& nfv – lz/ d]df]l/on c:ktfn– %$ nfv

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;8s ;'/Iff – Ps r'gf}tL s' g } ;dodf c/lgsf] /fhdfu{df ;fFufaf6 ag]kftkm{ Pp6f a; cfpFb} ubf{ hgfufndf /x]sf ofq'n] s'g a; cfof], #)# g+= sf] wg]Zj/ a; xf] jf $$! gDa/sf] clDasf a; xf] < a;sf] OlGhgsf] cfjfhaf6 :ki6 yfxf x'GYof] . ;8sdf Pp6f uf8L b]Vgsf] nflu 306f}F s'g]{ klg ;do klg lyof] . cfh c/lgsf] /fhdfu{sf] ;"o{ljgfos b]lv w'lnv]n ;Ddsf] lxhf]sf] ToxL ;8sdf cfh k|lt ldg]6 ;ofF} uf8Lx? k|lt:kwf{ ub}{ s'lb/x]sf 5g\ . ;8s 5]pdf a;f]af; ug]{ rng XjfQ} a9]sf] 5 . ufpF3/ vfnL x'Fb}5g\, ;8s 5]p5fp j:tLn] e/Le/fp x'Fb}5 . ;jf/L ;fwg k|of]ustf{ a9L /x]sf 5g\ . dflg;x?sf] cfjfudgdf j[l4 ePsf] 5 . j:tLx? zx/Ls/0f x'Fb}5g\ . pBf]u Joj;fo a9L /x]sf] 5 . o;/L ;8ssf] :t/ tyf kl/df0f j[l4 x'g g;s]sf] t/ ;jf/L ;fwg nufot ;dfhsf cGo ultljlw XjfQ} a9]sf] jt{dfg cj:yfdf of] If]qdf a;f]af; ug]x{ ?sf] nflu ;8s ;'/Iff Pp6f 7"nf] r'gf}tLsf] ljifo ePsf] 5 . of] ;8s v08df k}bn ofqL lxF8\gsf] nflu af6f] 5}g . :yfgLo afl;Gbfx? 3/v]t cf]xf]/ bf]xf]/ ug{ g;Sg] cj:yfdf /x]sf 5g . af6f] sf6\g % ldg]6 s'g'{kg]{ ca:yf 5, af6f] sf6\bf HofgnfO{ g} w/fkdf /fv]/ af6f] sf6\g kg]{ afWotf 5 . j[4j[4f tyf s]6fs]6Lx? t PSn} ;8sdf lg:sg ;Sg] cj:yf g} 5}g . ;jf/L b'3{6gf eO{ 7"nf] wghgsf] Iflt eO{ /x]sf] 5 . w]/} dflg;n] Hofg} u'dfO{ ;s]sf 5g\ . w]/} ckfË eP/ afFlr/x]sf 5g\ . t/ of] ;8s v08nfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ tyf ;8s If]qsf afl;Gbfx?n] ;'/lIft ;fy afFRg kfpg] clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfon] vf;} kxn u/]sf] b]lvFb}g . b}lgs @÷$ j6f ;jf/L b'3{6gfx? eO{ /x]sf 5g\ . ;jf/L b'3{6gf ePkl5 uf8Ldf cfuf] nfUb5 . @÷$ 306f ;8s hfd x\'G5, To;kl5 Ifltk"lt{sf] nfuL nfdf] jfbljjfb x'G5 . kLl8tn] /sd a'em\5g\, lrQ a'emfpF5g\, a:5g\ . oxfF aiff}F{ b]lv o:t} eO{/x]sf] 5 . ljr/f hgtf kL8fsf ;fy afFlr/x]sf 5g\ . lhDd]jf/ ;/sf/L lgsfox?n] hgtfsf] kL8fdf s'g} 7f]; rf;f] lbPsf] b]lvFb}g . ;8s ljsf; / lj:tf/sf lb3{sflng of]hgfsf kmfOnx? kN6fP/, cfZjf;g lbP/ dfq hgtfsf] kL8f x6\bf] /x]g5 . ljsf;sf of]hgfsf] cfˆg} ult x'G5, ;dofjlw x'G5 t/ k|To]s ;dodf hgtfnfO{ ;'/lIft ;fy afFRg kfpg] cj:yfsf] lgdf{0f ug'{ /fHosf] bfloTj xf] . hgtfn] k|To]s lbg cfkm"n] sdfPsf] ;DklQsf] s/ /fHonfO{ a'emfPsf x'G5g\ t/ /fHoaf6 k|fKt x'g] ;]jf ;'ljwf / ;'/Iff rfFlx k|To]s lbg lsg gkfpg], slt jif{ kl5 kfpg] < of] ulDe/ ;jfn 5 . ;/sf/ pbfl;g ePsf] kfOG5 . b]zsf] /fhwfgL sf7df08f}af6 @)÷@% ls=dL= sf] b'/Ldf dfq /x]sf], olt ;'ud :yfg eQmk'/, ;fFuf, ag]kf, w'lnv]nsf xfdL :yfgLo jfl;Gbfx? lsg o;/L lklN;P/, kL8f af]s/] afFRg' kl//x]sf] 5 < s] xfdLdf r]tgfsf] sdL eP/ xf] t, s] xfdLn] cfˆgf] st{Jo / clwsf/ ga'em]/ xf] t < kSs} klg xf]Og . o; If]qsf afl;Gbf ;r]t x'bF fx'bF } klg oxfF lsg o:tf] eO{ /x]sf] 5 t < xf] of] k|Zgsf] pQ/ ca vf]Hg l9nf eO;s]sf] 5 . ;8s ljsf; / lj:tf/sf] nflu eg]/ hgtfn] cfkmgf] dxTjk"0f{ hUufsf] 7"nf] lx:;f klg ;8snfO{ lbPsf 5g\ . Tof] klg ljgf d'–cfAhf . ;8s If]qsf] ;'Joj:yf ldnfpg] klxnf] bfloTj /fHosf] xf] . To;df :yflgo jfl;Gbf ;8s k|of]ustf{ / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] e"ldsf klg Tolts} dxTjk"0f{ x'g] ub{5 .

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hgtfn] k|To]s lbg cfkm"n] sdfPsf] ;DklQsf] s/ /fHonfO{ a'emfPsf x'G5g\ t/ /fHoaf6 k|fKt x'g] ;]jf ;'ljwf / ;'/Iff rfFlx k|To]s lbg lsg gkfpg], slt jif{ kl5 kfpg] < of] ulDe/ ;jfn 5 . ;/sf/ pbfl;g ePsf] kfOG5 . ca of] ;8s v08nfO{ Jojl:yt / ;'/lIft jgfpg tTsfn s] ug]{ eGg] ljifodf ;DalGwt ;a} kIfx?sf] Wofg s]lGb|t x'g cfjZos 5 . ;/sf/L If]qn] tTsfn kxn ug'{ kb{5 . ;d:ofsf] ufDeLo{tfnfO{ dWo gh/df /fVbf ;8ssf] ;'/Iff Joj:yf ldnfpg ca :yflgo hgtf, gful/s ;dfh, oftfoft Joj;foL / cfd ;8s k|of]ustf{x? ldn]/ ;/sf/nfO{ 3R3rfpg' kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 . ;8ssf] of] b'/fa:yf x'gd' f xfdL :yfgLo jfl;Gbf, ;8s k|of]ustf{ / ljz]ifu/L oftfoft Joj;foL tyf oftfoft dhb'/x? klg Tolts} bf]ifL 5f}F . ;/sf/ kIfaf6 ;xL gLlt lgdf{0f gx'g', of]hgf sfof{Gjog gu/fpg', cg'udg Joj:yf gx'g', ;'wf/ of]hgf gagfpg', hgtfsf] ;d:ofnfO{ cfTd;ft ug{ g;Sg' k|d'v sdhf]/L x'g\ eg] oftfoft Joj;foL tyf dhb'/x?n] 6«flkms lgodsf] kfngf gug'{, hyfefjL ltj|ultdf uf8L s'bfpg', hxfF dg nfUof] ToxL uf8L /f]Sg], cf]e/nf]8 af]Sg], oftfoft dhb'/x?af6 ;jf/L rnfpFbf ;fdflhs tyf dfgjLo d"No dfGotfnfO{ jf:tf gug]{ kl/kf6L /xg' k|d'v sf/0f x'g\ . :yfgLo jfl;Gbfaf6 ;8ssf] cltqmd0f ug'{, kz'k+IfLx? ;8sdf hyfefjL 5f]8L lbg', ;8sdf hyfefjL af6f] sf6\g' h:tf ;8ssf] ;xL k|of]u gug'{ ;d:ofsf] csf]{ sf/0f xf] . ;8s ;'/Iff Joj:yf ldnfpg] klxnf] bfloTj ;/sf/L kIfsf] g} x'g5 ] . ;d:ofsf] klxrfg, ;dfwfgsf] of]hgf / of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog tyf cg'udg ug]{ sfd ;/sf/sf] g} xf] . ;jf/L ;fwgsf] Joj:yfkg, cg'udg, 6«flkms lgodsf] kfngf ug{] u/fpg], oftfoft Joj;foL tyf dhb'/x?nfO{ P]g lgodsf] kl/lw leq /fv]/ ;8snfO{ Jojl:yt agfpg] sfo{ klg ;/sf/ kIfsf] g} xf] . :yflgo jfl;Gbf / cfd ;8s k|of]ustf{n] klg ca c?nfO{ dfq bf]if nufP/ x'bF g} , ;d:ofsf] ;xL phfu/ ug'k{ b{5 . ;fd"lxs ?kdf ;sf/fTds kxn klg ug'{ kb{5 .

6«flkms lgodsf] kfngfdf 6«flkms k|x/Laf6 ljZj;lgo / kl/0ffdd'vL cg'udg tyf lgoGq0fsf Joj:yf klg plQs} dxTjk"0f{ b]lvG5 . Aojl:yt ;8s, ;Eo / ljsl;t ;dfhsf] klxrfg xf] .

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;+rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqfno ;"rgf ljefu

;'grfFbLsf] ;fKtflxs ahf/ efp ;'g k|lt !) u|f= ;'g k|lt tf]nf rfFbL k|lt !) u|f= rfFbL k|lt tf]nf

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2075/4/3 2075/4/4 2075/4/5 2075/4/6 2075/4/7 2075/4/8 2075/4/9

M ;|f]t

48440/48440/48440/48695/48695/48525/48525/-

56500/56500/56500/56797/56797/56600/56600/-

639/634/50 634/50 634/50 634/50 630/630/-

745/740/740/740/740/735/735/-

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ldld{/] dfO{qmf] kmfO{gfG;n] ! s/f]8 %% nfv /sd a'emfPsf] 5 . ;fFuf sG6«S;g k|flnn] ! s/f]8 %! nfv a'emfPsf] 5 . kgf}tLdf /x]sf] ;fd'bflos ;fsf];n] ! s/f]8 ## nfv s/ a'emfPsf] 5 . ag]kfsf] a'8f]n ;fd'bflos ;fsf];n] ! s/f]8 ^& nfv /sd s/ a'emfPsf] 5 . ;xsf/Lx?df w]/} s/ a'emfpg] log} ;xsf/Lx? x'g\ . gfd rn]sf tyf w]/} sf/f]jf/ ePsf ;of} ;xsf/Lx?n] s/ 5nL u/]sf 5g\ . s]lx Aoj;foLx?n] klg s/ 5nL u/]sf 5g\ . ag]kfsf] r08]Zj/L artn] &# nfv s/ a'emfPsf] 5 . Hof]tL ax'pb]ZoLo ;xsf/Ln] ^! nfv s/ a'emfPsf] 5 eg] dgsfdgf ;xsf/Ln] %& nfv s/ a'emfPsf] 5 .

To:t} ljBfnotkm{ ;a}eGbf w]/} ag]kfsf] ljBf ;fu/ :s'nn] !^ nfv #% xhf/ s/ a'emfPsf] 5 . lzIff If]qdf gfd rn]sf y'k|} ljBfnon] s/ g} a'emfpg cfgfsfgL u/]sf 5g\ . u|]l;o/ Ph's]zgn] !# nfv @$ xhf/ s/ a'emfPsf] 5 . lgi6 sn]h ag]kfn] ( nfv a'emfPsf] 5 eg] k|ult k|eft Ps]8]dLn] ( nfv (* xhf/ s/ a'emfPsf] 5 . :jl0f{d eljion] % nfv *% xhf/ /sd a'emfPsf] 5 eg] w'lnv]n xfO{:s'nn] $ nfv, ;/:jtL lzIff u[xn] # nfv @@ xhf/, Pe/]i6 Ps]8]dLn] # nfv && xhf/ s/ a'emfPsf 5g\ . sfe|] dflj ag]kfn] @ nfv @& xhf/, sfe|] OËln; dflj kgf}tLn] ! nfv ## xhf/, l;4fy{ pdflj ag]kfn] @ nfv @! xhf/, lIflth :s'n ag]kfn] @ nfv # xhf/ s/ a'emfPsf] 5 . kfFrvfn EofnLn] ! nfv ^% xhf/, /fdeQm d]df]l/onn] ! nfv ^# xhf/, lng OG6/g]zgnn] ! nfv ^@ xhf/, ;/:jtLs'~hn] ! nfv $# xhf/, 1fgs'~h ag]kfn] ! nfv $) xhf/, sfe|] :jf:Yo tflnd lzIffnon] ! nfv @) xhf/, l8efO{gnfO{6n] ! nfv ^ xhf/, Ozf d]df]l/onn] ! nfv # xhf/ s/ a'emfPsf] 5 eg] u|];Nofo8 :s'nn] ! nfv ! xhf/ s/ a'emfPsf] 5 . ! nfv eGbf sd a'emfpg] w]/} :s'nx? 5g\ . s]lx :s'nx?n] cfDbfgL eP klg s/ 5nL u/]sf 5g\ . ko{6g Aoj;fodf ut cfly{s jif{df ;f]r] eGbf sd /fhZj ;+sng ePsf] s/ sfof{non] atfPsf] 5 . xf]6nx? dWo] w]/} s/ a'emfpg] ldnf/s xf]6n /x]sf] 5 . ld/fsn xf]6nn] *% nfv s/ a'emfPsf] 5 . To:t} w'lnv]n nhn] %& nfv s/ a'emfPsf] 5 . w'lnv]ndf /x]sf em08} %) j6f eGbf w]/} xf]6n 5g\ . bh{gf} 7'nf xf]6n 5g\ . ;a} xf]6nx?n] cfDbfgL eP hlt s/ a'emfPsf 5}gg\ . pBf]uL Aoj;foLx? dWo] l;jL e08f/L h]jL sDkgLn] *& nfv s/ a'emfPsf] 5 eg] /fh]Gb| hf]zL ;Knfo;{n] *) nfv s/ a'emfPsf] 5 . o'lg{e;{n jfO{gn] ^@ nfv s/ a'emfPsf] 5 . olt Knfl:6sn] %( nfv s/ a'emfPsf] s/ sfof{non] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . ag]kfsf] lz/ d]df]l/on c:ktfnn] %$ nfv s/ a'emfPsf] 5 . s/ sfof{nosf] :t/ a[4L;Fu} s/ 5nL ug{] pBf]uL Aoj;foL, ;xsf/L, a}s, lzIf0f ;+:yf, ;fdflhs ;:yfx?nfO{ sf/jfxL ug{] tof/L ul/Psf] 5 .

To;}n] ca g]kfndf 8«fO{leË lzIff, ;jf/L, ;8s tyf 6«flkms lgodsf] ;DaGwdf 1fg lbnfpg laBfno txdf kf7\oqmd agfO{ k7g kf7g ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg klg cfjZos eO{ ;s]sf] 5 . xfdLn] ;jf/L b'36{ gfdf ;jf/L rfnsnfO{ dfq bf]ifL agfO{ /x]sf 5f}F . tL ;fj{hlgs ;jf/L ;fwgsf rfnssf] k[i7e"dL, jfNosfn, z}lIfs of]Uotf cflbnfO{ lgofn]/ x]/f}F t . oftfoft dhb'/x? tyf ;fj{hlgs ;jf/L ;fwgsf rfns dxf]box? s[kof cGoyf glng' xf]nf . clwsf+z xfdL ;fj{hlgs ;jf/L ;fwgsf ;jf/L rfnsx? ljBfno hfg 5f]8]/, jfNocj:yfdf g} uf8Lsf] vnf;L a:g], ;xrfns aGg] cln cln uf8L rnfpg l;Sg] clg rfns cg'dlt kq lng] To;kl5 /fhdfu{df ltj| ultdf uf8L s'bfpg hfGg]x? dfq 5f}+ . o:tf] cj:yfdf ;fj{hlgs ;jf/L ;fwg ;8sdf s;/L Jojl:yt b]lvg ;S5 t < ;fj{hlgs ;jf/L ;fwgdf of] cj:yf lsg / s;/L cfO{ /x]sf] 5 < g]kfnsf] ;jf/L tyf oftfoft ;DalGw P]g lgodx?df ePsf sdhf]/L klg o;sf] k|dv ' sf/0f xf] . g]kfnsf] oftfoft Joj:yfkg P]g @)&# sf] bkmf–$& df pNn]lvt ;jf/L rfns cg'dlt kq lng] k|s[of / dfkb08 q'6Lk"0f{ b]lvPsf] 5 . h;cg';f/ ;fj{hlgs ;jf/L ;fwg rnfpg] rfnssf] Go"gtd pd]/ @! jif{ tf]lsPsf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs ;jf/L ;fwgsf rfns h:tf] dxTjk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L lgjf{x ug]{ JolQm pd]/sf] lx;fan] klg kl/kSj x'g cfjZos x'G5 . ;fdflhs d"No dfGotf a'‰g ;Sg] x'g'kb{5 . t;y{ ;fj{hlgs ;jf/L ;fwgsf rfnssf] Go"gtd pd]/ slDtdf @% jif{ k"/f ePsf] x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5 . ;jf/L ;fwgsf] lgoldt ?kdf hfFrkf; u/L ;xL xfntsf ;jf/L ;fwgdfq ;8sdf rnfpg'kg]{ sfg'gL Joj:yf ePtf klg sfuhdf dfq hfFr kf; ug]{ k|j[lQn] ;8sdf uf8L ljlu|P/ a:bf b}lgs xhf/f}F ofqLn] b'Mv kfpg] cj:yf /x]sf] 5 . oftfoft Joj:yfnfO{ Jojl:yt kfg{ ljleGg lgsfonfO{ ;+o'Qm ?kdf lhDd]jf/ agfpg] sfg'gL Joj:yfn] klg oftfoft If]qsf] Joj:yfkgdf ;s; b]vf

k/]sf] 5 . em§ x]bf{ ;8s Aoa:yfkgsf] lhDd]jf/L 6«flkms k|x/Lsf] dfq xf] h:tf] b]lvG5 . t/ xf]Og . ;8s tyf ;jf/L Joj:yfkgdf ;8s ljefu, oftfoft Joj:yf ljefu, :yflgo lgsfo / 6«flkms k|x/L, k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] lhDd]jf/ lgsfox? x'g\ . ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?sf] /fd|f] ;dGjo x'g g;s]sf] sf/0faf6 klg oftfoft Joj:yfkg k|efljt ePsf] kfOG5 . sfe|] / l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfsf] s]xL efunfO{ dfq oftfoft ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] em08} %) jif{ klxnf lgld{t c/lgsf] /fhdfu{ xfn b]zsf] em08} ! ltxfO{ lhNnfsf] oftfoftsf] k|d'v /fhdfu{ alg ;s]sf] cj:yfdf klg ;8ssf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ x'g g;Sg' ;d:ofsf] csf]{ sf/s tTj xf] . x'g t hfkfg ;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf eQmk'/sf] ;"o{lagfos b]lv w'lnv]n ;Dd Super Highway lgdf{0f x'g], Mono Rail rnfpg] of]hgfx? gePsf klg xf]O{gg\, t/ oxfFsf hgtfx?nfO{ oL of]hgfx? ===== sf] kmn emnf{ / vfpFnf eGg] pvfg h:tf] eO{ /x]sf] 5 . cfzf u/f}+ g]kfnsf] of] ;'Gb/ / /d0fLo :yfgdf l5§} /]n ;d]t rNg]5 . c/lgsf] /fhdfu{sf] sf]6]Zj/ b]vL w'lnv]n ;Ddsf] of] v08df tTsfn ;8s ;'wf/sf s]xL sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/L ;8s k|of]ustf{x?nfO{ /fxt k|bfg ug]{ tkm{ ;DalGwt ;/sf/L lgsfox?sf] Wofg cfs[[i6 x'g h?/L b]lvPsf] 5 . ;8s Aoa:yfkgdf tTsfn ug{ ;lsg] ;'wf/sf sfo{x? M · Bus pocket lgdf{0f · Speed control sf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] · Pressure horn /f]Sg] · Zebra cross sf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] · Track road agfpg] · ;8s cltqmd0f lgoGq0f ug]{ · kfls{Ësf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] · lgoldt ;8s dd{t ;Def/ · 9nsf] Aoa:yf · ;jf/L ;fwgdf Overload lgoGq0f · kl/0ffdd'vL 6«flkms Joj:yfkg · ;8s jlQsf] Joj:yf · hgr]tgf hfu/0f · ljBfnodf Traffic lzIffsf] hfgsf/L · ;8s Joj;yfkg ;/f]sf/ ;d"x u7g · ;jf/L ;fwgdf jfn>d lgoGq0f · oftfoft dhb'/sf] k]zfnfO{ ;Ddflgt agfpg] a9\bf] hg;+Vof / ;jf/L ;fwgsf] rfknfO{ /f]Sg t ;lsFb}g, t/ Jojl:yt ug{ eg] kSs} ;lsG5 . elaiodf cfpg] lasf;sf 7'nf 7'nf of]hgfx?sf] pkef]usf] ;kgf dfq b]v/] klg gx'bF f] /x]5 . xfd|f k':tfx? w]/n} ] ;kgf dfq b]v/] of] ;+;f/ g} 5f]8L ;s] . ca xfdL xfd|} kfnfdf ;Da[4 g]kfn x]g{ rfxG5f},+ ljsf; / kl/jt{gsf ;'ljwfx? pkef]u ug{ rfxG5f}+ . dfly pNn]lvt ;8s Aoa:yfkgsf clwsf+z sfo{x? ;Dkfbg ug{ 7'nf 7'nf ljsf;sf kl/of]hgfx? ;+rfng ug{] h:tf] w]/} >f]t ;fwgsf] h?/t klg kb}{g . :yfgLo :t/df pknAw >f]t ;fwgaf6 g} ;Dkfbg ug{ ;lsg] k|s[ltsf sfo{ ePsfn] ;DalGwt lgsfosf] O{R5f zlQmsf] dfq cfaZostf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . :yflgo hgtf, gful/s ;dfh / ;8s k|of]ustf{x?sf] ;xof]u / ;dy{g ljgf ;/sf/ PSn}n] dfq ;8ssf] ;'/Iff / Joj:yf ldnfpg klg s7Lg b]lvPsf]n] ;/sf/L kIfaf6 x'g] ;fdflhs lasf; lgdf{0f sfo{df ;sf/fTds e"ldsf lgaf{x u/L ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' :yflgo gfu/Ls ;dfhsf] klg bfloTj xf] . ag]kf gu/kfnLsf – !) hgfufn .

/fhZj a[l4, vr{ sd w'lnv]n÷ut cfly{s jif{sf] cGTodf ! ca{ %% s/f]8 && nfv #^ xhf/ $ ;o @@ ?k}ofF /fhZj ;+sng ePsf] 5 . s/bftf ;]jf sfof{non] ut cfly{s jif{df cfos/ tkm{ ^* s/f]8 $@ nfv (% xhf/ @ ;o $@ ?k}of ;+sng u/]sf] 5 eg] d='c=s/ afkt @& s/f]8 #^ nfv #^ xhf/ @ ;o &#, cGt z'Ns afkt ! s/f]8 & nfv !& xhf/ & ;o %% ?k}of ;+sng u/]sf] 5 . s/bftf ;]jf sfof{nosf k|d'v z+s/ vgfnn] !# xhf/ # ;o $* kmd{ dfkm{t (^ s/f]8 *^ nfv $( xhf/ @ ;o &) ?k}of ;+sng ePsf] atfP . ljljw lzif{sdf hDdf ePsf] /sdnfO{ s/ sfof{non] cfkm\gf] cfDbfgL dfg]sf] 5}g . nIo eGbf w]/} /fhZj ;+sng ePsf] sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{no sfe|]sf k|d'v s]bf/ l;+ b]phfn] hfgsf/L lbP . k|d'v b]phfsf cg';f/ lhNnfdf b'O{j6f a}+sdf /fhZj /sd hDdf x'g] u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn a}+s ag]kf zfvfdf #% s/f]8 $) nfv /fhZj ;+sng ePsf] lyof] eg] /fli6«o afl0fHo a}+s w'lnv]n zfvfdf ! ca{ @) s/f]8 #& nfv /fhZj ;+sng ePsf] 5 . cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{sf] t'ngfdf em08} cfwf ca{ /fhZj yk ePsf] xf] . rfn' jif{ b]lv s/ sfof{nonfO{ ;d]t cku|]8 ub{} clwsf/ ;DkGg agfPkl5 yk /fhZj ;+sng x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . dfnkf]t sfof{no, lhNnf k|zf;g nufotsf sfof{no /fhZj ;+sng ug{]df klxnf] sfof{nosf ?kdf lrlgG5g\ . lhNnf k|zf;gdf /fxbfgL afktsf] /fhZj ;+sng x'G5 eg] dfnkf]t

sfof{nodf hUuf vl/b ljqmL ;DjGwL /fhZj w]/} ;+sng x'g] u/]sf] 5 . c;f/ #@ ut] Ps lbgdf dfnkf]t sfof{nodf ! s/f]8 %& nfv /fhZj ;+sng hDdf ePsf] lyof] . c;f/ dlxgfdf dfq} ( s/f]8 !) nfv /fhZj ;+sng u/]sf] dfnkf]tn] cfly{s jif{sf] cGTo;Ddf ^^ s/f]8 #$ nfv (( xhf/ ( ;o $% ?k}of ;+sng u/]sf] 5 . lhNnf cbfnt, lhNnf ag, 3/n]' tyf ;fgf pBfu] sfofn{o nufotsf sfofn{on] klg /fhZj ;s + ng u5g{\ . cfDbfgLsf] tn'gfdf lhNnfdf vr{ xg' ;ss ] f] 5g} . rfn" vr{ (@=!# kl|tzt vr{ ePsf] eP klg kl'F hut vr{ &&=$& kl|tzt /sd dfq} vr{ ePsf] 5 . rfn' tkm{ !$ ca{ &% s/f8] $^ nfv ^& xhf/ % ;o @* ljlgofh]g ePsfd]f !# ca{ %( s/f8] @( nfv, %^ xhf/ ! ;o &) ?ko}f vr{ ePsf] 5 . vr{ xg' g;ss ] f] /sd ! ca{ !^ s/f8] !& nfv !! xhf/ # ;o %& ?ko}f vr{ xg' ;ss ] f] 5g} .

To:t} k'lF hut tkm{ @ ca{ & s/f]8 &( nfv (( xhf/ ( ;o &) ?k}of ah]6 ljlgof]hg ePsf]df ! ca{ ^) s/f]8 (& nfv &$ xhf/ # ;o ^* ?k}of vr{ eO{ $^ s/f]8 *@ nfv @% xhf/ ^ ;o ! ?k}ofF vr{ x'g ;s]g . e'sDksf] cg'bfg /sd rfn' / k'lF hut b'a}df ljlgof]hg ePsf] lyof] . e'sDksf] cg'bfgsf nflu k|fKt # ca{ %) s/f]8 g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 eg] cfO{l8Paf6 k|fKt $ ca{ /sd dWo] # ca{ @! s/f]8 !@ nfv %) xhf/ ?k}of vr{ ePsf] 5 . e'sDksf nflu k|fKt cg'bfg & ca{ %) s/f]8 dWo] ^ ca{ &! s/f]8 !@ nfv %) xhf/ vr{ ePsf] 5 .

#

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

jif{ @$ @$ c+c+ss @* #( @)&% @)&% j};fpg !) ut] ljxLjf/ jif{ zfv @&

OlGhlgo/ aGg] ;kgf k/'f ePg c~hgf >]i7 cWoIf

kt~hnL of]u ;ldlt dlxnf ;ldlt, sfe|] hGd, afNosfn, cf}krfl/s lzIffM @)@& ;fn k'if @& ut] ag]kfdf a'af /Tgz+s/ h:kfpg / cfdf OGb|dfof h:kfpsf] sf]vaf6 klxnf] ;Gtfgsf] ?kdf d]/f] hGd ePsf] lyof] . b'O{ ;Gtfg dWo] d klxnf] ;Gtfg . d]/f] Pp6f efO{ 5 . afNosfn ;fwf/0f ?kd} laTof] . k|f/lDes lzIff ag]kfsf] r}tGo lgdfljdf eof] . lgdflj kl5 dflj txsf] cWoog ag]kfs} cfhfb dfWolds ljBfnoaf6 eof] . cfO{sd ag]kfs} sfe|] ax'd'vL SofDk;af6 eof] . Aofrn/ txsf] cWoog k|fO{e]6 lbP/ plQ0f{ u/]+ . cleefjssf] rfxgf ljk/Lt slxNo} uPgf}+ . dnfO{ c;fWo} cWoog ug{ dg nfUYof] . lgdflj tx;Dd d slxNo} klxnf] x'g ;lsgF . ;w} bf]>f] ePF . cWoog ubf{ dhf cfpFYof] . a'af cfdf / lzIfsx?n] klg /fd|f] Aojxf/ ug{' x'GYof] . 5f]/Lx?nfO{ k9fpg] rng z'? eO{;s]sf] lyof] . c+u|]hLdf vf;} /fd|f] lyPg . ul0ft d]/f] ?rLsf] ljifo lyof] . c+s ul0ft, ljh ul0ft d]/f nflu ;xh lyof] . cIf/ c;fWo} /fd|f lyP . lzIfsx?n] k9fpFbf eg]sf] syfn] dGqd'Uw agfpFYof] . lzIfsx?n] c;fWo} ql;t agfpg'x'GYof] . nf7Ln] xfGg], l;:gf]n] xftdf xfGg] ug{'x'GYof] . d rfFlx slxNo} sf/jfxLdf kl/gF . ;fyLx?nfO{ ;f]w]sf] gcfpFbf sf/jfxLdf kb{y] . hoGb| ;/n] ;f]w]sf k|Zgx?sf] hjfkm d}n] dfq ldnfPsf] Ps lbg cljZd/0fLo /x\of] . k"j{ Aoj;foLs lzIffdf ?dfn a'Gg], s[lifsf ;fdfgx? agfpg] sfd x'GYof] . Aojxfl/s / k|of]ufTds b'a} lzIff k'j{ Aoj;foLsdf lyof] . slxn]sfFlx 3/af6} vfhf n}hfGYof] . a]~rdf a;]/ vfhf vfg] clg cfkm\gf] kmf]xf]/ ;fyLx?sf] a]~r d'gL k7fpg] p6\km6\ofË x'Gy] . cleefjsx?n] xfdLnfO{ Ps df]xf]/ lbP/ slxn]sfFlx ljBfno k7fpg] u/]sf lyP . bz} ltxf/ h:tf rf8df gofF sk8f lslglbg' k5{ eGg] dfu x'GYof] . clxn] h:tf] h] h] eGof] Tolx Tolx jf cfjZostf gePsf a:t'x?sf] klg dfu x'bF g} lyof] . cleefjs;Fu To;/L af]Ng] s'/f klg ufx|f] lyof] . ljBfnodf cWoog;Fu} cltl/Qm s[ofsnfk x'Gy] . bf}8 k|ltof]lutfdf efu lng] u/]sf] lyPF . aSt[Tjsnf k|ltof]lutf, xflh/Lhjfkm klg x'Gy] . ljBfno afx]ssf] hLjg klg ;xh lyof] .

3/ kl/jf/df ;xh jftfj/0f ePsfn] emg} ;lhnf] lyof] r}tGoaf6 cfhfbdf hfFbf xfdL % hgfsf] ;d'x aGof] . ljdn ;/n] Oltxf; k9fpg' x'GYof] . k~rsGof eg]/ ;/x?n] emg} dfof ug{' x'GYof] . r}tGodf bf]>f] ePsf] d ToxfF kfFrf} 5}7f} x'g yfn]+ . s[lif ljifo df:s] ;/n] k9fpg' x'GYof] . lzIff ;bg, lxdfno, r}tGo nufotsf ljBfnoaf6 uPsf ljBfyL{x?sf] ;d'x w]/} x'GYof] . xfd|f] sIffdf ! ;o ^) hgf lyP . lbpF;f] xfkm6fO{d x'bF f slxn]

of]un] cfkm'nfO{ dfq} :j:y /fVb}g . cfly{s, ;fdflhs If]qdf klg k|efljt kfbf{] /x]5 . hLjg lhpg] snf l;sfpF5 . ljut lj;{]/, eljZosf] lrGtf gu/]/ at{dfgdf ;defjdf /dfpg] tl/sf l;sfpF5 . hLjgdf cfgGb afx]s s]lx k|fKt x'g ;Sb}g . zl//nfO{ dfq} xf]O{g ljrf/nfO{ klg kl/jt{g u/fpF5 .

sfFlx xfdL du/ ufpF k'UYof}+ . Ps k6s sfFrf] cfn'kv]/f vfg du/ ufpF uPsf lyof}+ . xfdL af]6df dfq} s] k'u]sf lyof}+ s's'/ km'sfO{ lbPkl5 xfd|f] efufefu eof] . x/]s lbg xfkm 6fO{ddf ljBfnosf] k5f8L vfg]kfgLsf] clkm;;Fu} a;]/ ;do s6fpFYof}+ . P;Pn;L s8f lyof] . P;Pn;L ;s]kl5 pBd ljsf;sf] tflnd lnPsf] lyPF . rfprfpsf] pBf]u agfpg] l:sddf efu lnP/ km:6 ePsf] lyPF . Tolx ;d'xdf xfd|f] l/hN6 eof] . xfd|f] ;d'xsL l/gf sfo:y k|yd lyO{g\ . pgsf] k|yd l8lehg cfof] . xfd|f] k|yd l8lehg cfpg ;s]g . k|yd l8lehg gcfpFbf dnfO{ kf; x'Fbf klg v'zL ePg . k|yd l8lehg gcfpFbf d]/f ;kgf ;a} etfe'Ë eP . OlGhlgo/ cWoog ug{] ;kgf Tolx sf/0f k'/f x'g ;s]g . l/hN6 cfpFb} ubf{ 3/d} lyPF . l/hN6 cfPsf] k]k/ x]g{ cfPg5 . Tof] kfgf /x]g5 . kl5 ;a} klqsf x]bf{ kfFr hgf ;a} kf; eof} . l/gf k|yd l8lehg ePkl5 xfdL ;a} bf]>f] l8lehgdf kf; eof}+ . kfFr} hgf kf; ePkl5 ljBfnodf v'zL t lyof] t/ cfkm'nfO{ v'zL nfu]g .

P;Pn;L kl5M 3/af6 sf7df8f} k9\g k7fpg] s'/f ;xh gxf]nf eGg] nfUof] . a'afcfdfnfO{ cfkm\gf] s'/f eg]sf] klg lyPF . kmf/fd klg e/]+ .

OlGhlgo/ cWoog ug{] ;dodf d]/f] gDj/ k'u]g . sfe|] ax'd'vL SofDk;df egf{ ePF . ToxfF ;xh eof] . d lgoldt sn]h hfg] u/]sf] lyPF . lzIfsx?n] k9fPsf] ;a} d}n] l6Ky]+ . 3/df cfP/ gf]6 ub{y]+ . cfO{sdsf] klxnf] jif{ xfdL ^ hgf kf; eof}+ . To;df b'O{ hgf dfq} s]6L lyof}+ . w'j{ e§/fO{, piff s];L nufot lyP . bf]>f] jif{ cWoog ubf{ ljjfx ePsf] lyof] . t/ klg lgoldt sn]h uPF . lzIfsx?n] k9fPsf] cfwf/df 3/df cfP/ ul/Psf] gf]6 x]/]/ plQ0f{ ug{ ;xh lyof] .

5f]/Lsf] dfdfn] dnfO{ g;{ k9fpg] s'/f u/]sf] lyof] . dnfO{ g;{ k9\g 8/ nfUof] . g;{ eGbf OlGhlhlgo/ d]/f] /fd|f] / dg k/]sf] ljifo lyof] . efUodf klg ePg egf}+ . d]/f] gDj/ k'u]g . cfO{sdn] klg /fd|f] u¥of] . cfO{sd ;s]kl5 k|fO{e]6 cWoog u/]+ . 3/d} a;]/ 6\o';g cWoog u/]+ . ;]G6/ vf]Hg ;fyL lnP/ uPsf] lyof] . lgoldt sn]h hfpF h:tf] nfu] klg aRrfx? ;fg} lyP . 3/ Aojxf/ klg x]g{} kg{] lyof] . lgoldt rfFlx kf; x'g ;lsgF . t/ kf; ePF . df:6;{ cWoog rfFlx ul/gF . slxn]sfFlx k;n ul//xFbf lsg olt w]/} cWoog ug{' kg{] eGg] nfUof] . cfh cfO{k'Ubf rfFlx k9]s} sf/0f dnfO{ cfTdan a9fof] eGg] nfUof] .

Aoj;foM cfO{sd plQ0f{ u/] kl5 d}n] ag]kfs} k'nahf/df /x]sf] k|ult k|eftdf cWofkg u/fPF . Tolta]nf aRrfx? ;fg} ePsfn] 3/ Aojxf/ / aRrfx?sf sf/0f cWofkg 5f8]+ . lzIfs ;]jf cfof]udf k/LIff lbP/ gfd lgsfn]sf] lyPF . 3/ Aojxf/s} sf/0f lnlvtdf gfd lgl:sP/ klg cGt{jftf{ lbg uO{gF . Aofrn/ cWoog ;s]kl5 l;+xb/jf/df clws[t txsf] hflu/ vfg eg]/ uPsf] lyPF . l;+xb/af/ 3'd]/ dfq cfPF kmf/fd klg el/gF . To;kl5 hflu/ vfg] of]hgf g} agfO{gF . >LdfgnfO{ ;fy lbg', aRrfx?sf] :ofxf/ ug{' / Aoj;fodf ;fy lbg' d]/f] st{Ao xf] eGg] ;Dem]+ . @)%# ;fnaf6 xfdLn] ls/fgf k;n z'? u¥of}+ . Tof] eGbf cl3 xfdL ;+o'Qm kl/jf/df lyof}+ . lrp/f ldnaf6 5'6]/ xfdLn] ls/fgf k;n rnfpg yfn]sf lyof}+ . b'O{ hgf dfq} aRrfx? ;fgf] ePsfn] klg yf]/} sfd u/f} eGg] ;f]r]/ ls/fgf k;n /fv]sf lyof}+ . ls/fgf k;nnfO{ pBf]usf] ?kdf

8fo/L dgsf] df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf cuf8L a9fpg] of]hgf agfO{g . To;}nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf 5f} . ca klg Tolx s'/fx? / g]kfnsf s'/fx? klg x]/]+ . g]kfn h:tf] /fd|f] b]z d}n] st} b]lvgF . xf] . c? of]hgf 5}g . x[bosf] efiff k|]d xf] . hft klg Pp6} xf] . dfgj hft / x[bosf] k|]d c;fWo} dg kg{] s'/f x'g\ . kt~hnL of]u ;ldltn] d]/f] hLjg kl/jt{g ul/lbof] . xfd|f] cu|h ofu ] sf] ofqfM !$ jif{ cl3sf] s/'f xf] . dnfO{ Uofl:6s « , ol'/s Pl;8 u'? k|b]z tLgsf cWoIf u|'j]g tf}hn] x'g'x'G5 . xl/åf/df u|'j]g tf}hn] Ho'nfO{ nufotsf /fu]x?n] ;tfpg yfNof] . dn}] cfi}fwL klg vfO/{xs ] f] lyof] . agk]fsf] k|b]z tLgsf] cWoIf afns[i0f u'?n] agfO{/xFbf xfdL c;fWo} v'zL eof}+ . sfe|]df c/lgsf] kf6L{ Kofn;]df ofu] lzlj/ rln/xs ] f] lyof] . d/]f ;fyLx?n] ofu]df klxnf] k6s of]u ug{] ejg lgdf{0f eof] . o:tf y'k|} sfd ePsf 5g\ . of]un] hfp elg/xs ] f lyP . dnfO{ nfh nflu/xs ] f] lyof] . c/lgsf] ejgdf hfu]Ln] lhNnfdf y'k}| AolQmx?nfO{ ;sf/fTds ;f]rdf abn]sf] 5 . u|j' g] u'?nfO{ ;w} ofu] u/fp5 F eGg] ;fr ] lyof] ToxfF nlntzs + / ofu]Ln] Hofs6] / kfz ] fsd} ofu]f ;Demg rfxG5' . u/fpg' ePsf] /x5 ] . klxnf] / bf> ] f] lbg t xfdL nfhn] u6]af6} efUof+} . t> ] f] ] / ljjfxM @)$% ;fn df3 !$ ut] ljjfx eof] . cfO{sd bf]>f] jif{ ljjfx lbg bl]v lbp;F} l;sfpg nfluPsf] ofu]df hfg yfNof+} . ofu] c?sf nflu xfO]g{ k|d /x5 ] . cfkmg\} nflu cfofh]gf ul/Psf] lzlj/df lsg ;xeflu gxg'] < z?'df d kl5 cWoog u/]+ . >Ldfgn] d]/f x/]s rfxgfdf ;xof]u ug{' eof] . ljjfx kl5 leq ePsf] nfh efUof] < d dfq} xfO]g{ xfdL eGg] efjgf hfUb} uof] . cWoog 5'6[ n\ f ls eGg] s'/f dgd} lyof] . t/ d}n] 3/d} a;]/ klg yk cWoog cfTdljZjf; a9b\} uof] . ;sf/fTds ;fr ] sf] ljsf; xbF'} uof] . u/]+ . xfd|f] ;dodf k|d] ug{x] ? klg lyP . d]/f] To:tf] ePg . dnfO{ t sf]lx s]6f Zjf;kZ|jf;sf] dfWodaf6 /fu]x? lgsf] xG'5 / < z/L/sf cu+x? rnfpbF} hfbFf b]Vb} cg'xf/ /ftf] x'GYof] . k|d] k|:tfj cfpg], k|d] ug{] ;do g} ePg . 3/df cfdf Zjf;kZ|jf;sf] dfWodaf6 z/L/ dfq} :j:y xbF'f] /xg]5 . hLjgzn}L klg a'afn] c?sf ljifodf s'/f ubf{ klg 8/n] v'§f sfDYof] . kl/jtg{ xbF'f] /xg]5 . dnfO{ h] h] /fu] lyof] Tof] clxn] 5g} . xfdLn] vfg] d}n] lrg]sf] ;fyLsf] bfO{ x'gx' g' Yof] d]/f] >Ldfg sfG5f >]i7 . !* jif{ vfgs ] /'f ;Gtl'nt xg'k'5{ . hLjgzn}L kl/jtg{ xbF'f] /x5] . z?' z?'df clN5 k'u/] !( nfUb} lyPF . 3/kl/jf/ / cfkmGt ;a}sf] s/sfk h:t} klg eof] . aRr} klg nfUYof] . clxn] nfUbg} . ;dfh kl/jtg{sf nflu cfkm' kl/jtg{ xg'k'bf]{ 5' h:tf] nfUYof] . t klg ljjfx gu/L ;'v lyPg . 3/ kl/jf/ 7'n} lyof] . /x5 ] . ofu]n] AolQmut hLjgdf slt ke|fj kfbf]{ /x5 ] xg];'{\ . ofu]n] cfkmn'fO{ dfO{tL3/df h:tf] t x'bF g} . dfO{ltdf dg nfUof a]nf ;'Tg], p7\g] x'GYof] . 3/df dfq} :j:y /fVbg} . cflys { , ;fdflhs Ifq]df klg ke|fljt kfbf]{ /x5 ] . hLjg To:tf] x'bF g} lyof] . ;f;', ;;'/f, h]7fgL, h]7fh' ;a}nfO{ ;Ddfg ug{' kb{Yof] . ;a} lhpg] snf l;sfp5F . ljut lj;/]{, eljiosf] lrGtf gu//] jtd{fgdf hgf ;xof]uL x'gx' G' Yof] . xfd|f] lrp/f ldn lyof] . To;d} ;xof]u ub{Yof}+ . kl5 ;defjdf /dfpg] tl/sf l;sfp5 F . hLjgdf cfgGb afxs ] sl]x kf|Kt xg' cfkm\gf] Aoj;fo 5[§' } ug{ yfNof}+ . a}jflxs hLjgsf #) jif{df 7'nf] emu8f ;Sbg} . zl//nfO{ dfq} xfO]g{ ljrf/nfO{ klg kl/jtg{ u/fp5F . ofu]sf slxNo} k/]sf] 5}g . >Ldfg >LdtL 7fs7's x'g' :jefljs xf] . ;fdfGo ljifodf lzIfsx?n] z/L/sf ljleGg cux+? rnfpg nufP/ cfkmn}fO{ cfglGbt agfp5F x'g' :jefljs ePsfn] af]nrfn} gePsf] slxNo} 5}g . ;dembf/L, ;xof]u / . 3/ kl/jf/ ;an}fO{ :j:y agfpg ;as } f] ;fy rflxG5 . clxn] dlxnfx? w/]} cflTdotf b'ad} f 5 . >Ldfg >LdtLdf x'g' kg{] klg Tolx xf] . Ps 5f]/f / Ps ofu]df ;xefuL xg' yfNg' ePsf] 5 . >Ldfgx? klg >LdtLnfO,{ cfdfnfO{ :j:y 5f]/L 5g\ . plgx? b'an} ] cWoog ul//x]sf 5g\ . kl/jf/ ;'vL / ;Gtf]ifL 5 . agfP/ dfq} cfkm' :j:y xg'' k5{ eGg] efjgf /fVg yfNg' ePsf] 5 . /f]u nfUg' eGbf cl3 /f]syfd ug{' /fd|f] xf] . /f]u nfUg] AolQmx? cljZd/0fLo If0fM d/]f] >Ldfg /o]s ' fOs { f] ;b:o xg'x'G'Yof] . Tolx ;:+yfsf] dfq} of]udf hfg] xf]O{g . 3/d} klg of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . aRrf b]lv a[4;Dd sfoq{mddf lgoldt hfg' xG'Yof] . Ps lbg kgft}L hfg' ePsf] lyof] . k;n klg ;a}n] of]u ug{ ;S5g . czQm /f]uLx?n] of]u ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . plgx?n] ug{ lyof] . 3/df ;fgf] ;fgf] aRrfx? lyP . dnfO{ c;xh lyof] . 3/ Aojxf/, aRrf ;Sg] cf;gx?af6 of]u u/fpg ;lsG5 . @$ 306fdf Ps 306f AolQmn] / k;n xg]{ ;d:of lyof] . d/]f] dfq} xf] k;n < d/]f] dfq} xf] bfloTj < dnfO{ cfkm\gf] z/L/sf nflu ;do pknAw u/fpg' k5{ . clxn] dfG5] w]/} Ao:t 5 . c;fWo} l/; p7s ] f] lyof] . Tof] ;a} 5f8/] pxfF kgft}Ldf hfg' ePsf] lyof] . d/]f] Ao:t dfG5]n] c?sf nflu ;do pknAw u/fpF5 cfkm\gf] Vofn g} ub{}g . ba]]| xftdf 7n'f] 8Nnf] ags ] f] lyof] . bv ' /] dg'{ lyof] . bO'{ sh]L ;fdfg klg prfNg cfkm\gf] z/L/ g} 5}g eg] s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 sfd < of]u;Fu} ljrf/df cfpg] ;lsg] cj:yfdf lyOg{ . aRrf /fO]/{xs ] f] lyof] . k;ndf uf|xs lyP . emu8f w/]} ;sf/fTds ;f]r hLjgsf] dxTjk"0f{ s'/f xf] . hLjgz}nL g} kl/jt{tg g} u¥of] eg/] p;nfO{ s6'g\ xft p7fPsf] d/]f] xft afS;fdf 7fl]Ssg kU'of] . Tolx dxTjk"0f{ xf] . cfTdf / k/dfTdf aLrsf] ;+ud xf] of]u xf] . h;n] h;/L ug{ an]f xftdf pl7/xs ] f] 8Nnf] leq k;5] . xft t h:tfsf] t:t} . d/]f] t ;a} l/; ;S5 To;/L g} ug{'k5{ . k|f0ffod, cf;g km/s km/s x'G5g\ . a|Dxd'x{tdf d/5 ] . crDd eof] . Toqf] xftdf p7s ] f] 8Nnf] x/fof] < wj'{| e§/fOs { f] kl/jf/ ul/Psf] of]u /fd|f] x'G5 . ljxfgsf] ;do hLjgsf] dxTjk"0f{ ;do xf] . xfdL ;uF} a:Yof+} . pxfxF?n] klg bv ] fPF . >Ldfg cfpg] ljltSs} Tof] s/'f eg+] . pxfF eujfgsf] ;Demgf, a|Dxfsf] lrGtg ub{} ul/Psf] of]un] emg} cfglGbt agfpF5 klg bu+ kg'{ eof] . d /fdf|] sfddf nfus ] fn] /fd}| eof] eGg' eof] . . of]u clxn] zx/L If]q;Fu} u|fld0f e]udf klg k'lu;s]sf] 5 . kt~hnL of]u ;ldltn] u|fld0f e]udf klg of] cEof; z'? u/]sf] 5 . of]u s'g} wd{ xf]O{g . hLjgM cgdf]n . of]u ;]G6/ x'Fb}df c:ktfn grflxg] eGg] klg xf]O{g . cfsl:ds /f]usf] pkrf/sf nflu c:ktfn cfjZos 5 . k|]dM eujfgsf] pkxf/ xf] . of]un] d]/f] hLjgdf qmflGt Nofof] . cfTdljZjf; a9fof] . cg'xf/ /ftf] x'GYof] . lrGtfn] dgdf zflGt lbb}g lyof] . hLjg lhpg] snf l;s]+ . ljjfxM k/Dk/f . df;df pleP/ af]Ng ;Sg] ePF . ljutsf] 3fp ;Dem]/ lrGtf gug{;' \ . jt{dfgdf /dfpg l;Sg';\ . eljiosf] lrGtf ug{;' t/ ug{ g;Sg] lrGtf u/]/ zfl//Ls ;DjGwM >[i6L rnfpg] dfWod . x'bF g} . nf]e, 8fxf x'G5 dfG5]df . Tof] x6fpg klg of]u / of]usf] k|jrg cfjZos 5 . xfdL ;w} ljxfg ^ ah] k;n vf]Ng] u/]sf xfdL clxn] b'a} hgf of]udf hfG5f}+ . * ah] cuf8L k;n vf]Ng ;do x'bF g} t/ klg xfdLnfO{ lrGtf cGTodfM of]u u/f}+ :j:y agf} . ;dfh / b]zsf] nflu pkof]uL agf}+ . xfF;L v'zL 5}g . d]/f] 3/ kl/jf/ c;fWo} ;xof]uL lyof] . ;f;' cfdf t c;fWo} dfof ug{] afFRg] k|oTg u/f}+ . / ;sf/fTds ;f]r ePsf] x'g'x'GYof] . lk/n] /f]u a9fpF5 . lk/ ug{' cfjZos k|fO{d PkmPd !)$=% d]ufxh{sf] ljxfgL lrGtg sfo{qmd cGtu{t zlgjf/sf] lbg ul/Psf] g} 5}g . of]un] dnfO{ hLjgdf s]lx ug{' 5 eGg] efjgf pTk|]/0ff hufof] . of]u JolQmsf] JolQmut hLjgsf ef]ufO{ af/]sf] s'/fsfgLsf] ;f/f+z . l;s]/ d xl/4f/ uPF . ef/tsf] a}Ënf]/df ;fO{afjfsf] :yfgdf k'u]+ . ToxfFsf k|ltlqmofsf] nflu M motiramtimalsina@gmail.com

$

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

jif{ @$ c+s #( @)&% ;fpg !) ut] ljxLjf/

d]x]gt u/] ;d:of /xGg

;'k/hf]gsf cf}hf/ ls;fgnfO{

s[if rf}+nfufO{ ljBfyL{, Vjk sn]h, eQmk'/ · cfhef]ln s]df Ao:t x'g'x'G5 < cfhef]ln k9fOdf Ao:t 5' . ;fy} ufpF3/ hfg], ;fyLefO e]6\g] o:t} o:t} . · k9fO{ s:tf] rNb} 5 < lsg Aoj:yfkg ;+sfo /f]Hg' eof] < k9fO{ /fd|f] rNb} 5 . d}n] P;O{O{df /fd|f] glthf NofP . To;kZrft cWoog u/+] s'gdf :sf]k Hofbf 5 eg]/, / d}n] kQf nufP ls Aoj:yfkgdf w]/} :sf]k 5, clg Aoj:yfkg ;+sfo /f]h] . · CA g} lsg < ufx|f] 5 eG5g\ lg CA k9\g < CA Pp6f l/gfpg ;Ah]S6 xf] . g]kfndf CA k|ofKt klg 5}g To;}n] klg CA k9\g] dg ePsf] xf] . /Xof] k9fO ufx|f] x'g] s'/f gk9\g]nfO{ ;a} ufx|f] k9\bf ;a} ;lhnf] g} x'G5 . cyf{t d]x]gt u/] ;d:of /xGgF . · olb CA algPg eg] < d s]lx ul/ CA alggF eg] klg Aoj:yfkg ;+sfo g} k9\g]5' . kmfOgflG;on OlG:6Ro';g ;fy} Aoj;fodf ;+nUg x'g]5' . otftkm{ klg k|z:t} cj;/x? 5g\ .

o'jf;“u !) k|Zg e'jg /fodfemL

· ;fdflhs ;~hfndf slQsf] ;do latfpg'x'G5 < s'g s'/fdf al9 ?lr /fVg' x'G5 < d ;fdflhs ;~hfndf ;do latfp5' g} . cfhef]ln ;fdflhs ;~hfnaf6 w]/} s'/f l;Sg ;lsG5 . d rfON8 Sna u|fh'P6 klg ePsfn] d laz]if ul/ ;fdflhs ;~hfndf ;fdflhs rf;f]sf laifo ;Fu} 1fga4{s s'/f, k9fOsf nflu cfj:os ;fdfu|Lsf] vf]lh / ;fyLefO ;Fusf] s'/fsfgLdf ;do vlr{G5' . · kl5Nnf] ;dodf o'jf lkFl9sf] ;fdflhs ;~hfn / df]afOnsf] a9\bf] k|of]unfO{ s] eGg'x'G5 < o'jf lkFl9sf nflu ca ;fdflhs ;~hfn / df]afOnsf] k|of]u ckl/xfo{ e};s]sf] 5 . o;sf] unt k|of]u klg a9\b} uPsf] 5 t/ xfdLn] o;sf] /fd|f] k|of]u x'g / ug{ pTk|l] /t ug{ h?/L 5 . · km';b{ sf] a]nf s] ug{ dg k/fpg'xG' 5 < dnfO{ km';b{ sf] a]nf s'g} Ps 7fpFdf a:g dg nfUb}g To;}n] cfkmGtsf]df hfg], ;fyLefO{ ;Fu 3'Dg hfg] ub{5' . laz]ifu/L ;fdflhs sfdx?

rf}yf] /fi6«JofkL d'Qms k|ltof]lutfsf] tof/L ndh'ª÷ndh'ªdf d'Qms pT;j ;lxt rf}yf] /fi6«JofkL d'Qms k|ltof]lutfsf] tof/L ul/Psf] 5 . lhNnfsf] h]7f] klqsf cGt/Ësf] @& cf}F jflif{sf]T;jsf cj;/df ;f]xL klqsf kl/jf/åf/f pQm k|ltof]lutf ul/g] ePsf] xf] . k|ltof]lutfdf k|fKt d'Qmssf] ;+u|x k|sfzg u/L k'/:sf/ ljt/0f sfo{qmddf ljdf]rg ug]]{ ;d]tsf] sfo{qmd /x]sf] cfof]hgfsf] egfO{ 5 . pQm k|ltof]lutfsf ljh]tfx¿nfO{ ebf} @! ut] zlgaf/sf lbg ndh'ªssf] lhNnf ;b/d'sfd a];Lzx/df Ps ljz]if sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/L

k'/:sf/ ljt/0f ug]{] sfo{qmdsf ;+of]hs tyf cGt/Ësf ;Dkfbs gj/fh kxf8Ln] atfP . ;f]lx cj;/df d'n'ssf Voflt k|fKt d'Qmssf/x¿nfO{ jfrgsf nflu cfdGq0f ug'{sf ;fy} ;Ddfg ug{] sfo{qmd /x]sf] hfgsf/L lbP . k|ltof]lutfdf klxnf], bf];|f], t];|f] / ;fGTjgf :yfg xfl;n ug]{ b'O{hgfnfO{ qmdzM !@, *, % / #÷# xhf/ gubsf ;fydf k|df0fkq k|bfg ul/g] 5 eg] cGo kfFr hgfnfO{ ljz]if pkxf/;lxt k|df0fkq k|bfg ug]{ sfo{qmd /x]sf] cfof]hsx?n] hfgsf/L lbP .

;fpg !$ af]nad k}bn ofqf kgf}tL÷ lju jif{ em} cfufdL !$ ut] kgf}tL af]nad ;3+ tyf kg}tL o"jf d~rsf] ;o"Qm cfof]hgfdf ljzfn af]nad k}bn ofqf ug{] ePsf] 5 . kgf}tLsf ( j6f dxfb]asf] bz{g u/L d'Qm]Zj/ dxfb]aaf6 z'? u/L clGtddf kz'kltgfydf uO{ ;dfkg ul/g] cfof]hsn] hfgsf/L u/fPsf 5g\ .

af]nad ofqfdf ;xefuL x'gsf] nfuL ;Dk'0f{ eQmhgx?nfO{ gfd btf{ ug{ / cfAxfg u/LPsf] atfPsf] 5 . eQmhgx?nfO{ h'; nufPtsf ef]hg u/fpg / ;xof]usf] nufL cfof]hsn] ljleGg ;+3 ;:yf, AolQm x?nfO{ cfu|x u/]sf] :yflgo ljs'gf/fo0f tfd|sf/n] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ .

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

s]lx x'b5 } g eg] To:tf sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g ?rfpF5' . · o'jfx?df lg/fzfkg a9\bf] 5 lsg xf]nf < vf;df o'jfx? cfzfjfbL x'G5g\ . t/ b]zsf] /fhg}lts, ;fdflhs cj:yf oxfFsf] cl:y/tf ljsf;, lzIff / /f]huf/Lsf] cj:yf cflbn] o'jfdf lg/fzf cfPsf] xf] . t/ la:tf/} of] 36\bf] 5 . · o'jfx?sf] k|d ] df lsg ;]S;sf] cfsif{0f al9 x'g] u/]sf] xf]nf < x'g t k|d] Pp6f ljZjf; klg xf] . ljZjf;df :jfy{ x'bg} g} t/ cfhef]ln em'6f] k|d] df kfg]{ k|rng a9\bf] 5 . of] ;fdflhs ;~hfn / klZrdL ;+:s[ltsf] k|efjn] klg xf] . t/ of] unt xf] To;tkm{ ;r]t /xg'kb{5 . · cGTodf======== cGTodf ;sf/fTds ;f]rf}+ . o'jf eljiosf s0f{wf/ x'g\ To;}n] o'jfnfO{ lzIffdf / ;fdflhs sfddf nufp h;n] plgx?df ef]lnsf] af6f] ;xh agf];\ .

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:juf{/f]x0f @)&%.#.@%

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rGb| nfdf

s'df/ a:g]t

k|b]z g+= #, sfe|] ;xb]j yfkf

g]skf kgf}tL g=kf= ^ g+= j8f sld6L kgf}tL, sfe|]

;f+;b

;+of]hs

g]skf kgf}tL gu/ sld6L kgF}tL, sfe|]

;+of]hs

;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= / wtL{ ;fgf ls;fg s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=sf] ;xhtfdf %)Ü cg'bfgdf 6\ofS6/, ds}+ 5f]8\ofpg] d]l;g, d;nf lk+Wg] d]l;g, kfgL tfGg] kDk, le6fldg tyf ljiffbL 5g{ k|of]u x'g] :k|] nufotsf s[lif / s[lifhGo cf}hf/x?sf] ljt/0f ePsf] 5 . d08gb]pk'/ gu/kflnsfsf gu/ k|d'v 6f]saxfb'/ jfOafsf] k|d'v tyf k|wfgdGqL s[lif ;'k/ hf]g cGtu{t cfn' ;'k/ hf]g sfe|]sf cWoIf xl/ vltcf]8fsf] ljif]z cfltYotfdf ;DkGg pQm sfo{qmddf wtL{ ;fgfls;fgsf cWoIf lbks kf}8n] sf] cWoIftf / k~rsGof dlxnf ;xsf/Lsf cWoIf clDasf 7s'/Lsf] :jfut dGtAosf ;fy k|f/De ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmd dfkm{t o; k6s b'a} ;xsf/Lsf] tkm{af6 !)÷!) nfv ?k}ofF a/fa/sf] cfB'lgs s[lif cf}hf/x? ljt/0f ePsf lyP . h;df b'a} ;+:yfn] %÷% nfv a/fa/sf] cg'bfg cfˆgf ;b:o s[ifsx?nfO{ pknAw u/fpg ;kmn ePsf x'g\ . o; k6s ;f+sl] ts ?kdf ljt/0f ePsf cfB'lgs s[lif cf}hf/ tyf ;fdu|Lx? cfpg] cfly{s jif{df w]/} s[ifsx?n] kfpg ;Sg] u/L ljt/0f ul/g] nIo /flvPsf]n] ;f] adf]lhd sfo{ ul/g] s'/f gu/sf k|dv ' 6f]saxfb'/ jfOjf / ;'k/hf]gsf cWoIf xl/ vltj8fn] ;+oQ ' m ?kdf atfPsf 5g\ .

ljZjljBfnosf] ah]6 # ca{ *) s/f]8 w'lnv]n÷sf7df8f}F ljZjljBfnosf ;xsn'klt dfggLo lzIff, lj1fg tyf kl|jlwdGqL lul//fhdl0f kfv ] /n]sf] cWoIftfdf sf7df8fF} ljZjljBfno ;efsf] &( cfF} a7}sn] rfn' jifs { f] ah6] tyf gLlt sfoq{md kf; u/s ] f] 5 . @)&#÷&$ sf] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg, cf= j= @)&$–&% sf] jflif{s sfo{ku| lt ljj/0f / cf= j= @)&%÷&^ sf] jflif{s sfo{qmdsf ;fy} s"n # ca{ *) s/f]8 ^^ nfv &$ xhf/sf] jflif{s ah]6 kfl/t u/]sf] 5 . To; dWo] :jf:Yo lj1fg sfo{qmd cGtu{t @ ca{ $# s/f]8 ^^ nfv &$ xhf/ / cGo sfo{qmdcGtu{t ! ca{ #% s/f]8 *) nfv /x]sf] 5 .

ljZjljBfnosf pks'nklt k|f= 8f= /fds07 dfsh" >]i7n] :jfut dGtJo /fv]sf] sfo{qmddf /lh:6«f/ k|f= 8f= ef]nf yfkfn] ljleGg k|:tfjx¿ k|:t't u/]sf lyP . ;efn] cf= j= @)&$–&% sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ug{ kLkL k|wfg PG8 sDkgLnfO{ n]vfk/LIfssf ¿kdf lgo'Qm u/]sf] 5 . ;efn] ljZjljBfno ;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug{ :s'n ckm Dofg]hd]G6sf ljBfyL{ /fh]z kg]¿nfO{ ljBfyL{ k|ltlglwsf ¿kdf ! jif{sf nflu dgf]gog u/]sf] 5 . k|fl1s kl/ifb\sf] l/Qm :yfgdf ljifo ;ldltsf cWoIfx¿ dWo]af6 :s'n ckm Dofg]hd]G6sf k|f= 8f= b]jLk|;fb la8f/L, :s'n ckm Ph's;] gsf k|f= 8f= nId0f 1jfnL / :s'n ckm ;fOG;sf 8f=/hgL zfSo tyf ;DaGwg k|fKt sn]hsf k|frfo{dWo]af6 g]kfn d]l8sn sn]hsf k|f=8f=k|df]bs'df/ If]qLnfO{ # jif{sf nflu dgf]gog u/]sf] 5 .

dNkL AjfO{h Snjdf lg/f]h d]R5]÷ /f]6/L Sna ckm w'lnv]nsf] cfly{s ;xof]u tyf g]kfnL ;]gfsf] lai0f' bn u0fsf] k|fljlws ;xof]udf ;fljssf] d]R5] kf}jf uflj;df /x]sf] a'4ls/0f cfwf/e't ljBfno lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 . @% lbgdf lgdf{0f ePsf] ljBfnon] pQm If]qdf /x]sf] tfdfª ;d'bfosf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ lzIff k|bfg ug{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]ns ] f] 5 . ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf kjg lj/Wjh tfdfªn] ejg gx'bF f ljBfyL{x?sf] eljZo cGwsf/ ePsf] atfP . ljBfnosL k|wfgfWofks ;'ljBf lqkf7Ln] e'sDksf sf/0f Ifltu|:t ePsf] ljBfno lgdf{0fsf nflu /f]6/L / g]kfnL ;]gfn] u/]sf] ;xof]usf] hlt k|zz + f u/] klg ck'u x'g] atfO{g\ . ljBfno lgdf{0fsf] cj:yf a'em\g lji0f' bn u0f w'lnv]nsf u0fklt /fdx/L s];L, /f]6/L Snjsf czf]s >]i7 nufotsf] 6f]nL d]R5] kf}jf k'us ] f] lyof] . @)^# ;fndf :yfkgf ePsf] ljBfnodf dfemL / tfdfª ;d'bfosf afnaflnsfx? cWoog ub{} cfPsf 5g\ . g]kfnL ;]gfsf] k|fljlws ;xof]udf ;f]r]

eGbf w]/} cuf8L ljBfno ejg lgdf{0f ePsf]df ljBfnosf cleefjsx? v'zL ePsf 5g\ . c;f/ % ut] g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ pQm ljBfnosf] lgdf{0fdf k|fljlws ;xof]u ug{] k|:tfj cfPsf] / k|:tfj cfP nuQ} dfgljo ;]jfdf ;d{lkt g]kfnL ;]gfn] lzIff h:tf] dxTjk"0f{ sfo{df ;xeflutf hgfpg] ;xdlt hgfPsf] u0fklt /fdx/L s];Ln] atfP . ejg lgdf{0f ;DkGg eP kl5 ljBfnonfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/;lsPsf] 5 . ;]gfsf nK6g bLks rGbsf] g]tT[ jdf ejg lgdf{0fsf nflu ;]gfsf] 6f]nL vl6Psf] lyof] . /f]6/L Snjsf czf]s >]i7n] lgwf{l/t ;do eGbf cufj} sfd ;DkGg ePsf]df v'zL ePsf] atfP . pgn] eg]–… s]xL lbgd} :jf:Yo lzlj/sf] cfof]hgf ufFpd} ul/g]5 .Ú /f]6/Ln] klxnf] r/0fdf ljBfno ejg agfPsf] 5 eg] bf];f| ] r/0fdf :jf:Yo lzlj/, ljBfno ejgdf /ª/f]ug, ljBfnodf sDo'6/ x:tfGt/0fsf] of]hgf /x]sf] >]i7n] atfP . /f]6/L Sna ckm w'lnv]nsf cWoIf nIdL vgfnn] /f]6/Ln] ;d'bfodf k'u/] hgtfsf cfjZostfsf cg';f/sf] sfd ul//x]sf] atfO{g\ .

;"rgf ! ;"rgf !! ;"rgf !!! hGd @))*.(.!@

xf]d rf}+nfufFO{+÷d08gb]pk'/ sfe|s ] f] d08gb]pk'/ s[ifL pkhsf lx;fan] c;fWo} pj{/ e"dL xf] . ljut nfdf] ;dob]lv c;f/df Ps k6s / d+l;/df csf]{ k6s u/L jif{df @ k6s wfg v]tL x'g] ub{5 . c;f/ dlxgf d08gb]pk'/sf s[ifsx?sf] nflu c;fWo} r6f/f]sf] dlxgfklg xf] . oxfFsf ls;fgx? c;f/df afnL leqfpg h;/L ;zQm x'g5g\, Tolxa]nf To;/Lg} d+l;/df leq\ofpg] afnL nufpg] r6f/f]dfklg . b'Uw pTkfbgsf lx;fan] w]/} k6s pTs[i6 x'g ;kmn /flg6f/ b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/Lx?h:tf ;xsf/Lx?klg oxfF /lx/x]sf 5g\ . pTkfbg k|ltikwf{sf lx;fan] oxfFsf s]lx ;xsf/Lx? /fhlglts ?kdf ;d]t cf:yfjfg b]Vg ;lsG5 . oxfFsf] kf6L{ /fhlgltsf] h/f]sf] ?kdf /flg6/ / pdfb]jL 8]/LnfO{ w]/}n] JofVof ;d]t ug]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . P]n];Ddklg /flg6f/ eg]kl5 afd;dy{sx?n] 6fpsf] 78\ofpFg vf]H5g\ eg] pdfb]jL eg]kl5 g]kfnL sfu|]; ;dy{sx?n] . b'w pTkfbg;+u} of] e"uf]n cfn', wfg, ds}+ / ljleGg t/sf/L pTkfbgsf lx;fan] rlr{tg} /lx cfPsf] jt{dfg ;Gbe{df ut z'qmaf/ k|wfgdGqL s[lif ;'k/hf]g cGtu{t oxfFsf ls;fgx?nfO{ k~rsGof dlxnf ljsf; ax'p2]lZoo

;fljs ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f g+= !, @, #, $ sf] k'hf{ ljt/0f ldlt @)&$÷^÷#! df ;DkGg e};s]sf] x'gfn] ;f] ;DalGw ;Dk'0f{ gS;f >]:tf tyf cfjZos sfuhftx¿ ;DalGwt gfkL sfof{no sfe|], w'lnv]n tyf dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|], w'lnv]nnfO{ a'emfpg] x'gfn] ;f] a'emfpg] ;do ;Dd pQm j8fsf hUufwgLx¿ hf] l8lh6n k|ljlwaf6 k'gM gfkgSzf eO{ hUuf btf{ u/fpg afFsL 5g\, o; gfkL sfof{no ag]kf -l8lh6n_ uf]bfdrf]sdf cfO{ btf{ u/fpg x'g ;'lrt ul/G5 . ;fy} ;fljs ag]kf !) / !! g+= j8fsf] ;d]t btf{ k|lqmof rfn' /x]sf]n] ;DalGwt ;a} hUufwgLx¿nfO{ o; sfof{nodf cfO{ btf{ u/fpg x'g hfgsf/L u/fOG5 .

gfkL sfof{no -l8lh6n_ ag]kf uf]bfdrf]s, ag]kf, sfe|]

kgft}L÷dNkL AjfOh{ ol"gog Snjdf gofF ;ldt u7g ePsf] 5 . Snjdf cWoIf lg/fh] s] /fpt, pkfWoIf ;Gtfi]f dxt, ;lrj /fd;G'b/ /fpt, ;x ;lrj ;b'g dxt, sfi]ffWoIf ;/fh] a~hf/f /xs ] f 5g\ .

To:t} ;b:ox?df lgd{n /fpt, ;hg s];L, gf/fo0f /fpt, ?ks yfkf, ?ks sfsL{, clgiff sfsL{, ;Demgf kl/of/, lutf /fpt, ;l~hj s];L, OZj/L clwsf/L, pd]z cdfTo /x]sf 5g\ . Snjdf OlGhlgo/ pk]Gb| clwsf/L / k|]d ;f]gfd

/x]sf 5g\ . ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldltdf ljz]Zj/ a~hf/f, eujfg a:g]t, c~h' /l~ht s];L, /fh' /fpt, zDe' s] /fpt, afa'sfhL v8\sf / c~hgf v8\sf sfsL{ /x]sf 5g\ . Snjsf] 5}6f} ;fwf/0f ;efdf ;ef;b\ /fdx/L ;'jb] L, kgf}tL gu/kflnsf * sf cWoIf s]zjk|;fb a~hf/f nufotsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . cWoIf lg/f]h s] /fptsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ePsf] ;efdf dNkL Zofd ;fO{8 km'6an u|fp08df tf/ hfnL 3]/f aGbL tyf lgdf{0f ug{] tof/L u/]sf] 5 .

g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 sfe|]knf~rf]s zfvfsf]

;"rgf g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 s]Gb|n] ‘h]i7 kqsf/ j[lt sf]if’ dfkm{t #) aif{ kqsfl/tfdf s[oflzn ^% aif{ k'u]sf kqsf/sf] nflu ‘hLjg lgjf{x eQf’ pknJw u/fpg] lg0f{o u/]sfn] kqsfl/tfdf s[oflzn dxfg'efjx?n] k|df0f k'Ug] cfjZos sfuhkq ;lxt & lbg leq g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 sfe|] zfvfdf ;Dks{ ug{'x'g of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu

g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 sfe|] zfvf )!!–^^@@((, (*%!)%&&%#, (*%!)&!(@%, (*%!)(^*&^

Nofj 6]lSgl;ogsf] cfjZostf /]os " fO{ PO{sf] df;'gfuf cfFvf c:ktfn ag]kfsf] nflu Nofj 6]lSgl;og(Ps hgf)cfjZostf k/]sf] x'Fbf dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yf af6 l8Knf] dfOgNofj 6]lSgl;og(# jif]{ sf];){ plt0f{ u/]sf] dxfg'efj af6 b/vf:t cfJxfg ul/G5 .cfj]bsn] x:t lnlvt lgj]bg,;Dk"0f{ sfuhft ;lxt ;g\ @)!* cu:6 & -@@ ;fpg_ ;Dd k|zf;g zfvfdf cfj]bg kmd{ a'emfpg cg'/f]w ul/G5 . ;+nUg ug'{kg]{ sfuhftx?M !_ z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0f–kq ;lxt jfof]8f6f @_ gkfnL gful/stfsf] k|ltlnlk #_ cg'ejsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk $_ Ps k|ltkmf]6f] / x:t lnlvt lgj]bg Gff]6M @ jif]{ cg'ejLnfO{ k|fyldstf .

/]o"sfO{ PO{sf] df;'gfuf cf“vf c:ktfn, ag]kf–^, sfe|k] nfGrf]s, kmf]g g+ )!!–^^!%*) Od]n M remeh.bnp@gmail.com

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r]i6f ;fKtflxs

jif{ @$ c+s #( @)&% ;fpg !) ut] ljxLjf/

ag]kf gu/kflnsf

cf=a= @)&%÷)&^ sf nflu gLlt, sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 o; ;efsf k|d'v cltly dfggLo ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlw dGqL >L uf]sn' k|;fb af:sf]6fHo", o; gu/;efsf ;ef;b\ dxf]box?, cfdlGqt k|d'v cltly tyf cltlyu0f, ;~rf/sdL{ ;fyLx?, sd{rf/L ju{ tyf pkl:yt eb| dlxnf tyf ;Hhgj[Gb @)&$ ;fnsf] P]ltxfl;s :yfgLo, ;+3Lo tyf k|fb]lzs lgjf{rgx? ;DkGg eO;s]sf] o; kl/j]zdf xfdL ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf] uf}/jdo t];|f] gu/ ;efdf ;xefuL eO/x]sf 5f}+ . o; ul/dfdo ;efdf pkl:yt ;Dk"0f{ ;ef;b\ Pj+ ;xefuL dxfg'efjx?df gu/kflnsfsf] tkm{af6 / d]/f] JolQmut tkm{af6 xflb{s :jfut ub{5' . cfhsf] g]kfn b]vfpgsf nflu nf]stflGqs Pjd\ u0ftflGqs cfGbf]ngdf cfkm\gf] cd"No hLjg pT;u{ ug'x{ g' ] ;Dk"0f{ 1ft c1ft zlxbx?k|lt xflb{s >4f~hnL JoQm ub{} hLjg;Fu nl8/x]sf hgcfGbf]ng @)^@÷^# sf 3fOt] d'sz ] sfo:y nufotsf 3fOt] bfh'efO lbbLalxgLx? k|lt pRr ;Ddfg k|s6 ub}{ zL3| :jf:y nfesf] sfdgf ub{5' . g]kfnsf] ;+3Lo /fhwfgLsf] k"jL{åf/sf] ?kdf /x]sf] o; gu/ P]ltxfl;s lx;fan] cfkm}+df cToGt dxTjk"0f{ t 5Fb}5 . To;df klg cem s[lif / jfl0fHosf] If]qdf ;d]]t of] gu/ sfe|] nufotsf cGo k"jL{ kxf8L lhNnfx?sf] s]Gb|laGb'df /x]sf] 5 . u|fdL0f / zx/L kl/j]z ldl>t e"uf]n /x]sf] o; gu/af;Lx?sf lzIff, :jf:Yo, vfg]kfgL, af6f]3f6f], ko{6g nufot cgluGtL ck]Iffx? k"/f u/L …;Dj[4 g]kfn M ;'vL g]kfnLÚ sf] gf/fnfO{ ;fy{s agfpg' cfh xfd|f] k|dv ' sfo{ef/ /x]sf] 5 . o;} s'/fnfO{ dWogh/ /fVb} ljut jif{df ;du| ag]kfsf] k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf nflu ?k/]vf tof/ u/]sf 5f}+ . pQm ?k/]vfnfO{ ;fy{s agfpg k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f, /f]huf/L j[l4 / cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf dfWodåf/f xfd|f nIo / p2]Zox? k|fKt ug{] k|oTg ug{} kb{5 . t/ of] sfo{ ;xh eg] 5}g . To;sf lgldQ y'k}| r'gf}tLx? xfd|f ;fd' 5g\ . tyflk r'gf}tLx?sf aLrdf klg pko'Qm of]hgf 5gf}6 / sfof{Gjog u/L nIox? xfl;n ug{ xfdL k|lta4 5f}+ . pkl:ytcfb/0fLo dxfg'efjx?, rfn' cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷)&% sf] cGTolt/ xfdL cfO{ ;s]sf 5f}+ . o; cj;/df xfdLn] rfn' cfly{s jif{sf nflu k|If]lkt cfof]hgf sfo{qmdx?sfjf/]df ;dLIff ug{ cg'dtL rfxG5' . d"n'ssf] kl/jlt{t Joj:yf cg';f/ ag]kf gu/sf] ;f+u7lgs 9f+rf, hgzlQm, ;]jf k|afxsfjf/]df lj:tf/} Jojl:yt x'+b} uO{/x]sf] oxf+x?nfO{ ljlbt} 5 . :yfoL ?kdf ;+u7g, hgzlQm Joj:yfkg, :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] ?kdf ;]jfk|afxsf] ;'Joj:yf ldnfpg cem} s]xL ;do nfUg]g} 5 . nfdf] ;dob]lv hg k|ltlglw ljlxg cj:yfdf :yfgLo lgsfox? ;+rfng x'+b} cfPsf] kl/l:yltdf utjif{ of] cj:yf cGTo ePsf] 5 . ;fy} :yfgLo txsf ?kdf gu/kflnsf cfO{;s] kl5 hgk|ltlglwsf] axfnL kZrft hgtfx?sf] cfsf+Iff, ;d:ofx? cem a9]sf] cj:yf lyof] . ;Lldt cfGtl/s >f]tsf] jfjh't xfdLn] ?= %! s/f]8 #@ nfv &$ xhf/ jh]6 agfpg ;kmn eof}+ . rfn' vr{ tkm{ s"n jh]6sf] @@=*% k|ltzt / ;zt{ / ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f ;lxtsf] k"lhuttkm{ ^#=*@ k|ltzt /x]sf] o; jh]6df xfdLn] 7"nf dxTjfsf+IfL s'/f eGbf klg oyfy{sf] w/ftndf /xL hgtfsf tTsfn cfj:ostfx? kl/k"lt{ ug'{ kg]{ ;jfnx?df s]lGb|t eP/ jh]6 lgdf{0f ePsf] oxf+x?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg rfxG5' .

To;}n] hgtfsf ;fgfltgf cfof]hgfnfO{ klg k|fyldstfsf ;fy :jLs[t u/L sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] 5 . o; jif{ k"jf{wf/ , ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf jftfj/0f tkm{sf ljsf;sf of]hgfx? sl/a $#) j6f eGbf a9L :jLs[t eO{ ltj| ?kdf sfof{Gjog eO{/x]sf] 5 . sl/a () k|ltzteGbf a9L cfof]hgfx? ;DkGg e};s]sf 5g\ . ;Dk"0f{ cfof]hgfx?df a9L ;] a9L hgtfx?sf] ;xefuL eO{ ckgTj lnpg\ egL :yfgLo hgtfnfO{ cfof]hgf ;+rfng ug{ cyf{t pkef]Qmf ;ldltjf6 ;+rfng ul/Psf] 5 . a;kfs{ ;'wf/, ;8s kLrsf ( j6f, ;8s 6|o\ fs, kSsL 9n gfnLx?, ;8s :t/f]GgtL, k'0odftf, r08]Zj/L sl/8f]/, kgf}tLdfu{ k'6kfy, gu/ Pj+ j8f ejg lgdf{0f ;'wf/, cGo ;fd'bflos ejgx?, l;+rfO{ s'nf]x?, vfg]kfgLsf cfof]hgfx? ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . To:t} ;fdflhs ljsf;sf sfo{qmdx? cGtu{t k|:tfljt lzIff, :jf:Yo, ;/;kmfO{, s[lif, kz', jftfj/0f cfly{s ljsf;sf k|:tfljt lqmofsnfkx? ;+rfng ul/Psf 5g\ eg] ;/;kmfO{ Joj:yfkgsf sfo{nfO{ ljz]if Wofg lbO{ :yfoL lgbfgsfnfO{ lqmofzLn /x+b} cfPsf 5f}+ . rfn' cf=j=sf] jh]6sf] ;du| ;+If]kdf ;dLIff ubf{ k|If]lkt cfo Joo sl/a *% k|ltzt eGbf a9L x'g] cf+sng ul/Psf] 5 . lxn]hnhn] ;Ld;f/ If]q ;+/If0f Pj+ ljsf;sf nflu ljz]if dxTj lbO{ l8lkcf/ tof/ ug]{ sfo{ z'? eO/x]sf] / r08]Zj/Ldf ko{6sLo If]q ljsf;sf nflu k|so[ f z'? ul/Psf] 5 . ;flxlTos >[hgfsf dfWodjf6 ;fdflhs /fhg}lts Pj+ cfly{s kl/jt{gsf] nflu >i6f ejg lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ cuf8L a9fO{g]

5. cfufdL jh]6df rfn' jif{df ;+rfng ePsf] cfof]hgfx?sf] ;dLIff ub}{ bLuf] of]hgf Sustainable planning_ nfO{ Wofgdf /flv bLuf] ljsf;sf] cjwf/0f cg'?k cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmd 5gf}6 ug]{ k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . k|:tfljt ljsf; sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug{ oxf+x?sf] ;bfem} ;xof]u kfO{/xg]df ljZj:t 5' . log} s'/fx?nfO{ Wofg lbFb} cf=a= @)&%÷&^ sf nflu of] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd / ah]6 k|:t't ub{5' . gLlt tyf sfo{qmd ag]kf gu/kflnsf leqsf] cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu lgDg gLltx? lnOg]5 . !_ cfGtl/s cfo tkm{ M · cfGtl/s cfo j[l4 ug]{ ;Defjgf ePsf ;DefJo ;a} If]qsf] cWoog, klxrfg u/L Jojl:yt 9+un] s/sf] bfo/fdf NofOg] 5 . o;sf nflu cfjZos ;+oGq lgdf{0f u/L kl/rfng ul/g] 5 . gu/n] Jofkf/, Joj;fo, pBf]u–snsf/vfgf cflbsf] nut /fVb} pko'Qm gLltsf] cfwf/df s/sf] bfo/fdf NofOg]5 . · s/ / /fh:j k|zf;gnfO{ r':t / b'?:t agfpg ;a} j8f sfof{no sDKo'6/sf] Joj:yf eO;s]sf] 5 . o;df ;km\6j]o/ h8fg O–sg]S;gsf] dfWodåf/f gu/ sfo{kflnsf;Fu hf]l8g]5 . · Joj;fo s/, 3/ef8f s/ / hUufef8f s/ nufotsf cfGtl/s cfosf ;|f]tx? ;+sngsf nflu tof/ kfl/Psf] s/ gLltnfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjog ul/g] 5 . · ag]kf gu/kflnsfdf a9\bf] ;jf/L rfknfO{ dWogh/ u/L cJojl:yt ;jf/L ;fwg kfls{ªnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ pko'Qm :yfgsf] klxrfg u/L ;fj{hlgs–lghL ;fem]bf/Ldf ;z'Ns kfls{ªsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . · cfGtl/s cfosf] bLuf] clej[l4sf nflu gu/kflnsfsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf ;Dklt axfndf lbg] gLltnfO{ cem k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . · s/, z'Ns tyf cfGtl/s cfonfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg pBf]u af0fLHo ;+3, ;xsf/L ;+:yf tyf cGo pko'Qm Jofj;flos If]q;+usf] ;xsfo{nfO{ cem k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 . · ahf/ cg'udgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfOg] 5 . @_ s[lif ljsf; tkm{ · k/Dk/fut / lgjf{xd'vL s[lif k|0ffnLnfO{ Joj;foLs/0f Pj+ k|lt:kwf{Tds s[lif k|0ffnLdf ?kfGt/0f ug{ hf]8 lbOg]5 . · s[ifsx?nfO{ s[lif pTkfbgsf] ;d'lrt d"No k|fKt u/fpgsf nflu cfjZostf cg';f/ x/]s j8fdf s[lif pTkfbg ;+sng s]Gb| :yfkgfdf hf]8 lbOg]5 . · t/sf/L yf]s ahf/ Joj:yfkg / d"No ;dfof]hg sfo{qmdnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg s[ifs ;d"xnfO{ g} yf]s ahf/ ;+rfng ug{ k|fT] ;fxg ug{] gLlt lnOg]5 . · df6f]sf] pj{/fzlQmnfO{ hf]ufO{ /fVg df6f] k/LIf0f ug]{ sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbFb} pj{/fzlQm hf]ufpg ljz]if sfo{qmd NofOg]5 . · k|bl" ift s[lif pkhsf] pkef]uaf6 cfkm" hf]lupm / c?nfO{ klg hf]ufpg æk|fª\ufl/s pkhsf] k|of]u u/f}Æ+ eGg] gf/f cleofgsf ?kdf ;+rfng ul/g]5 . · x/]s 6f]nsf] kx'r F x'g] u/L kmnkm"n, t/sf/L, km"n g;{/L :yfkgfdf hf]8 lbO{g] 5 .· afF;8f]n / gfnf If]qnfO{ cfn'sf] ;'k/hf]gsf] ?kdf yk ljsf; ul/g] 5 . · 6g]n v]tLnfO{ Jofj;foLs/0f / la:tf/ ug{ k|fT] ;fxg ul/g] 5 . · pTkfbgd'vL s[lif k|0ffnLdf o'jfx?sf] cfsif{0f tyf ;xeflutfnfO{ ljz]if hf]8 lbOg]5 . · afnL ljdf sfo{qmdnfO{ k|rf/ k|;f/ u/L / k|efjsf/L pkof]u ug{] jftfj/0f agfO{g] 5. · s[lifdf cfwfl/t ;xsf/L pBf]ux?nfO{ pTkfbg tyf k|zf]wgsf nflu gLlt agfO{ cg'bfgsf] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 . · ;fFuf If]qdf ;~rflnt nK;LhGo pBf]ux?nfO{ Jojl:yt / cfw'lgsLs/0f ug{ pBf]uLx?nfO{ ;d"xut sfo{ ug{ k|fT] ;fxg ul/g]5 . ;fy} gu/sf ;DefJotf ePsf cGo j8fx?df nK;L v]tLnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{] gLlt lnOPsf] 5 . · 7"nf l;+rfO{, ;fgf l;+rfO{ , yf]kf l;+rfO{ / Knfl:6s kf]v/L lgd{fg tyf ;'wf/sf of]hgfnfO{ k|fydlstf blOg]5 . · kfvf] hUufdf :k|Lª\un/, yf]kf l;+rfO{ k|ljlwnfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . #_ kz' ljsf; tkm{ · k|fs[lts / s[lqd uef{wfgsf] dfWodaf6 gZn ;'wf/ sfo{qmd nfO{ yk k|efjsf/L / Jojl:yt u/fOg]5 . · kz'kfngnfO{ a9L pTkfbgd'vL / Joj;flos agfpg uf]7 ;'wf/ sfo{qmd nfu" ug{] gLlt lnOg]5 . · kz' ljdf sfo{qmdnfO{ lj:tf/ / Jojl:yt ug{] sfo{qmd nfu" ul/g] 5 . kz'vf]k sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 .

· 8fn] 3fF; / ax'–pGgt hftsf 3fF;sf] pTkfbgdf hf]8 lbOg]5 . · pko'Qm :yfgdf b'Uw lr:ofg s]Gb|x? :yfkgf ug{ ;fj{hlgs–lghL ;fem]bf/LnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 . · :jR5, :j:y df;' ljt/0fnfO{ Jojl:yt / k|efjsf/L u/fpg gu/:t/df sDtLdf Ps Jojl:yt kz'k+IfL awzfnf agfpg hf]8 lbOg]5 . · s'v'/fkfng, a+u'/kfng tyf df;'hGo pTkfbgdf cfTd lge{/ aGgsf nflu cfjZos dfkb08 tof/ u/L ;f] cg';f/sf] sfo{of]hgf nfu' ul/g]5 . · ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f g+= $ gfnf lr;fkfgLdf /x]sf] g]kfnsf] klxnf] b'Uw lr:ofg s]Gb| xfn eUgfjz]ifdf /x]sfn] pQm :yfgnfO{ s[lif ;+ux| fnosf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{ ;DefJotf cWoog u/L of]hgf lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . $_ ;xsf/L / ljQLo If]q tkm{ · ;xsf/L ;+:yf, :yfgLo lgsfo, lghL If]q nufotsf If]qaLr ;fem]bf/L ub{} ;xsfl/tfnfO{ k|j4{g ul/+b} nlug]5 . · ;xsf/L pBf]u Joj;fo k|a4{g cGtu{t :yfgLo ;|f]t / sRrf kbfy{df cfwfl/t ;xsf/L pBf]u :yfkgf ubf{ s/ 5'6 lbg] gLlt lnOg]5 . · s[lif If]qdf sfo{/t cGt/ ;xsf/L ;fem]bf/Ldf s[lif pTkfbg, ahf/Ls/0f tyf k|zf]wgdf hf]8 lbOg]5 . · a}+s, ;xsf/L tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?nfO{ ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTjs cGt/ut ;fd'bflos ljsf;sf ultljlwx?df ;xefuL x'g k|fT] ;flxt u/fOg] 5 . · a]/f]huf/Lsf] Joj:yfkg ug{ pko'Qm Jofkfl/s of]hgfdf ljQLo If]q;+u ;xsfo{ ul/g] 5 . ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTjs cGt/ut ;fd'bflos ljsf;sf ultljlwx?df ;xefuL x'g k|fT] ;flxt u/fOg] 5 . · a]/f]huf/Lsf] Joj:yfkg ug{ pko'Qm Jofkfl/s of]hgfdf ljQLo If]q;+u ;xsfo{ ul/g] 5 . · ;fgf / ;LdfGts[t s[ifsnfO{ ;d"x ;xsf/Ldf cfa4 u/fO{ sd cfotg t/ pRr d"Nosf afnLgfnL pTkfbg a[l4df hf]8 lbOg]5 . · o'jfx?sf] :j/f]huf/ l;h{gf ug{ ;xsf/L dfkm{t kl/rfng ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug{ gLlt lnOg]5 . ca d ag]kf gu/kflnsf leqsf] ;fdflhs ljsf;;Fu ;Dalwt gLltx? k|:t't ug{ rfxG5' . p;sf nflu lgDg gLltx? lnOg]5 . !_ lzIff tkm{ · ;a} afnaflnsfx?nfO{ afn ljsf; s]Gb|;Ddsf] kx'Fr k'¥ofpg x/]s ;fd'bflos ljBfnodf sDtLdf Ps afn ljsf; s]Gb| :yfkgf ug{] gLlt lnOg]5 . · cfwf/e"t lzIffnfO{ clgjfo{ / lgMz'Ns u/fpg] gLlt lnOg] 5 . · s'g} Ps ;fd'bflos ljBfnonfO{ 5gf}6 u/L gd"gf ljBfnosf] ?kdf ljsf; ul/g]5 . · x/]s jif{ gu/leqsf ;fd'bflos ljBfnodWo] pTs[i6 Ps ljBfno 5gf}6 u/L k'/:s[t ul/g]5 . · ;fd'bflos ljBfnodf c+uh]| L dfWodsf] k7g kf7gnfO{ k|fT] ;flxt ub{} ;f]xL cg'?ksf] hgzlQm Joj:yfkg u/L c+uh]| L dfWodsf kf7\ok':tsx? ;d]t lgMz'Ns pknAw u/fOg]5 . · ;+:yfut ljBfnosf ljBfyL{ ljj/0fnfO{ gu/kflnsfsf] ;"rgf k|0ffnLdf ;dfj]z ul/g]5 . cg'udg / lgodg k|efjsf/L agfOg] 5 . · ;+:yfut ljBfnox?nfO{ :yflkt dfgssf cfwf/df u|l] 8ª u/L ;f]xL cfwf/df z'Ns lgwf{/0f ul/g]5 . · ef}uf]lns cj:yf, lzIfs–ljBfyL{ cg'kft nufotsf cfwf/df ljBfno tyf sIff ;dfof]hg ub{} hfg] gLlt lnOg]5 . ;f]xL cfwf/df lzIfs b/aGbL ldnfg ul/g]5 . · s[lif, kz', :jf:Yo, xf]6n Joj:yfkg, lgdf{0f h:tf ax'kf| ljlws lzIffnosf] ljsf;df hf]8 lbOg]5 . · ckfª\u÷leGg Ifdtf ePsf JolQmx?sf] z}lIfs kxFr ' df lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . · gu/leq /x]sf ;a} ;fd'bflos ljBfnox?df lgMz'Ns OG6/g]6sf] kFx'r k'¥ofOg]5 . lzIf0f k|0ffnLnfO{ cfw'lgsLs/0f ug{ dlN6d]l8of lzIf0f k|0ffnLnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g] 5 . · ldq/fi6« rLgsf] ;xof]udf lgdf{0f ePsf] g]kfn ag]kf ax'k|fljlws dxfljBfno (Polytechnic Institute) gu/kflnsfnfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/fpg cfjZos kxn ul/g]5 . · k|bz ] ;/sf/sf] of]hgfdf /x]sf] s[lif ljZjljBfno ag]kf gu/kflnsfleq :yfkgf ug{ kxn ul/g]5 . · ag]kf gu/kflnsfleq xfn ;~rfngdf gePsf] ljifodf dfWolds txdf k|fljlws wf/ ;~rfng ug{ rfxg] s'g} Ps ;fd'bflos ljBfnonfO{ pko'Qm of]hgf / ;DefJotfsf cfwf/df jflif{s ?kdf

nIdL g/l;+x afb] >]i7 k|d'v

ag]kf gu/kflnsf /f]KofyL, of]uf cflb_ sf] Joj:yfkgdf hf]8 lbOg]5 . · vf]k, kf]if0f, k|;'lt tyf PrcfO{eL P8\; h:tf ax'kIfLo ;/f]sf/sf ljifox?sf ;+oGqx?nfO{ yk k|efjsf/L / Jojl:yt agfOg]5 . · SofG;/, d'6'/f]u, 8]ª\uf], Ifo/f]u, h:tf vt/gfs /f]usf] /f]syfd, lgoGq0f ug]{ vfnsf ;r]tgf d"ns sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . · afn tyf dft[ d[To'b/ Go"gLs/0fdf hf]8 lbOg]5 . · ag]kf gu/kflnsfleq :yfoL a;f]af; ePsf JolQmx?df pd]/ jf cGo sf/0fn] x'g] df]tLlaGb'sf] lgMz'Ns zNolqmofsf nflu /]os ' fO cfFvf c:ktfn;Fu ;xsfo{ u/L o;} jif{bl] v sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . · ag]kfdf /x]sf] An8 a}s + sf] ;]jfnfO{ ;/n / cTofw'lgs ;'ljwf ;DkGg ug{ cfjZos ;xof]u ul/g] 5 . · k|To]s j8fdf h]i7 gful/s cf/fd tyf e]63f6 ug]{ u[x lgdf{0f ub}{ nlug] 5 / o;} aif{ s'g} Ps j8fdf h]i7 gful/s cf/fd tyf e]63f6 ug]{ u[x lgdf{0f cf/De ul/g] 5 . &_ dlxnf ljsf; tkm{ · dlxnfx?sf] g]Q[Tj ljsf; tyf dlxnf ;zlQms/0fsf nflu dlxnf kl/ifb\ u7g u/L cfjZos gLlt tyf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . · lzIff, :jf:Yo / /f]huf/Ldf dlxnfx?sf] kFx'r j[l4 ul/b} nlug]5 . · dlxnfx?sf] ;Lk ljsf;, Ifdtf lj:tf/ ug]{ / u/LaL 36fpg] vfnsf of]hgfx?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 . · dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f sfo{nfO{ lg?T;flxt ul/g]5 . · dlxnfx?nfO{ l;nfO a'gfO, Ao'6Lkfn{/ nufotsf Joj;flos tflnd lbO{ Joj;fotkm{ k|l] /t u/fpg] gLlt lnOg]5 . · dlxnf ljsf;df :yfgLo ;|ft] / ;fwgsf] clwstd kl/rfngdf hf]8 lbOg]5 . · dlxnfsf] ;du| ljsf;sf] ;dGjo ug{ sfo{ljlw agfO{ Ps dlxnf kl/ifb\ u7g ul/g] 5. *_ afn ljsf; tk{m · yk afnljsf; s]Gb|sf] :yfkgfdf hf]8 lbOg]5 . · afn>d zfi]f0fnfO{ b?'T;fxg ug]{ gLlt lngs ' f ;fy} afn>d lgjf/0fdf hf8] lbOg5] . · afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . · lgdf{0f x'g] ;+/rgfx? afn tyf nlIft ju{ d}qL agfOg]5 . · afn aflnsf ;DalGwt ;a} sfd / If]qsf] cg'udg u/L cfjZos lgb]{zg ;d]t lbg sfg'g lgdf{0f ul/ Ps afn clwsf/ cg'udg ;ldlt u7g ul/g] 5 . · x/]s 6f]ndf afnSnax? u7g u/L pgLx?sf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug]{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g] 5 . · gu/ :t/Lo afn;~hfnnfO{ Jojl:yt ?kdf ;~rfng ug{] Joj:yf ldnfOg] 5 . (_ cflbjf;L, hghflt pTyfg tkm{ · gu/kflnsf leqsf] ;a} hfthflt, wd{, ;d'bfosf P]ltxfl;s ;fdfu|L / ;+:sl[t ;+/If0f ug{ Ps ;+u|xfno lgdf{0f ug{ ;DefJotf cWoog ul/g]5 .

• :yfgLo efiff ;+:s[ltsf] ;Daw{g / k|a4{gsf] nflu kxn ul/g]5 .

· ;Lkd"ns, /f]huf/d"ns tyf cfod"ns sfo{qmdx?df cflbaf;L hghfltx?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 . · k/Dk/fut hfqf, u'7L, kj{ cflbsf] dxTjnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fvL sfo{qmd ;Grfng ul/g]5 . ;fy} dxTjk"0f{ hfqf Pj+ kj{ k"hf ;+rfngnfO{ Jojl:yt agfOg]5 . · cflbjf;L, hghfltsf] pTyfgsf] nflu sfo{ljlw lgdf{0f u/L cflbjf;L tyf hghflt pTyfg kl/ifb\ :yfkgf ul/g]5 . !)_ pTkLl8t tyf blnt pTyfg tkm{ · 5'jf5't tyf e]befj pGd'ngsf] nflu ;Gb]zd'ns sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . · lzkd"ns, /f]huf/d"ns tyf cfod"ns sfo{qmddf pTkLl8t tyf blntju{nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 . · k/Dk/fut k]zfnfO{ cfw'lgsLs/0f / Joj;foLs/0f ug{ k|fT] ;fxg ul/g]5 . · pTkLl8t tyf blnt ;d'bfosf] xs lxtsf nflu sfd ug]{ sfo{ljlw lgdf{0f u/L Ps blnt kl/ifb\ u7g ul/g] 5 . !!_ o'jf tyf v]ns'b ljsf; tkm{ · nfu" kbfy{ b'Jo{;g lj?4 ;r]tgf cleofg ;~rfng ul/g]5 . · x/]s 6f]n / a:tLdf ljleGg v]n, Jofod ug{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g] 5 . · gu/leq Jojl:yt v]ns'b d}bfg agfpg o;}jif{af6 sfof{/De ul/g]5 . · gu/:t/df sDtLdf ! sj8{xn agfpgsf] nflu kxn ul/g]5 . · o'jfx?nfO{ nlIft u/L s[lif, kz'kfng tyf 3/]n' pBf]u tkm{ cfslif{t ug]{ gLlt lnO{g] 5 / cfjZos gLlt lgdf{0f u/L cg'bfg ;d]t k|bfg ug{] gLlt lnOg]5 . o'jfx?nfO{ ljleGg Joj;flos tflnd k|bfg ul/g] 5 . · o'jfx?sf] If]qdf sfd ug]{ u/L sfo{ljlw lgdf{0f u/L o'jf kl/ifb u7g ul/g] 5 . k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tkm{ lgDg gLltx? cjnDag ul/g] k|:tfj u/]sf] 5' . !_ ;8s tkm{ · cfufdL rf/ jif{leq ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf] ;a} j8f sfof{no;Dd kSsL ;8ssf] kx'r F k'¥ofOg] 5 . · gu/df gofF ;8s lgdf{0f ubf{ cfjZos k|so[ f / ljBdfg dfkb08 cjnDag ub}{ ePsf ;8sx?sf] :t/f]Gglt ug]{ sfo{nfO{ ljz]if hf]8 lbOg]5 . · ag]kf gu/ If]qdf /x]sf] a;kfs{ ;'ljwf ;DkGg agfOg]5 . gu/sf cGo cfjZos :yfgdf a;kfs{ lgdf{0f ug{ kxn ul/g]5 . · ;a} j8fdf /x]sf d'n ;8snfO{ qmdzM :t/f]Gglt u/L sfnf]kq] ul/g]5 . · r08]Zj/L, k'0odftf, nufotsf gu/leqsf ;DefJotf / cfjZostf klxrfg ePsf vf]nfsf] bfFofafFof lsgf/df xl/t a]N6 ;lxt sl/8f]/ lgdf{0fnfO{ laz]if k|fyldstfdf /flvg] 5 . · ;8sx? lgdf{0f ubf{ d'cfAhf h:tf s'/fx?df cGt/åGb x'g glbg sfof{Gjog x'g cufj} 6'ªu\ f] nfUg] vfnsf cfof]hgfx?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 . cfof]hgf th'd{ fs} avt ;]jfu|fxL÷nlIft ju{ tyf gful/s ;dfh;d]tsf] ;xeflutfdf cg'udg tyf d'Nofª\sg x'g] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 . · Pre-Project / Post-Project sf t:jL/sf cfwf/df dfq of]hgf km/kmf/s x'g] Joj:yfnfO{ s8fOsf ;fy nfu" ul/g]5 . · c/lgsf] /fhdfu{sf] bfofjfof /x]sf cJoal:yt yf]s ahf/nfO{ ;/f]sf/jfnf

;+usf] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{df lgl:rt :yfgdf Joal:yt yf]s ahf/ s]Gb| :yfkgf ug{] nIo lnOPsf] 5 . · ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f g+ $ / @ gfnf sflze~hfË – gofufFp – s'Gtf ;8s / Jofg9'Ëf snd;L j8f g+ ! ;8s :t/pGgtLsf] nflu o; kflnsf dfkm{t dqL Ho" sf] ljz]if kxndf ah]6 ljlgof]hg u/L sfo{ lg/Gt/tfsf nflu cuf8L j9fOg] 5 . @_ ejg tkm{ · gu/kflnsfsfsf] ;]jfnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg ;a} ljifout zfvfx?nfO{ ;d]t k'Ug] u/L gu/sfo{kflnsfsf] ejg lj:tf/ ul/g]5 .· cfufdL b'O{ jif{leq ;a} j8fdf j8f sfof{no ejg lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . · e"sDk nufot k|fs[lts k|sf]k jf cGo sf/0fn] Ifltu|:t ePsf P]ltxfl;s, kf}/fl0fs / wfld{s ;Dkbfx?sf] k'gMlgdf{0fsf nflu k'/ftTj ljefu nufotsf ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?;Fu ;xsfo{ u/L k'gMlgdf{0fsf] of]hgf cl3 a9fOg]5 . · gu/kflnsfdf l;6Lxn / cltly u[x lgdf{0f ug{ ;+3Lo / k|bz ] ;/sf/;Fu ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ug{] gLlt lnOg]5 . · ejg lgdf{0fdf /fli6«o ejg ;+lxtf tyf df}h'bf :yfgLo ejg lgdf{0f tyf a:tL ljsf; dfkb08nfO{ k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . ;fy} P]ltxfl;s a:tLx?df ejg lgdf{0f ubf{ k/Dk/fut snf emNsg] 9fFrfdf lgdf{0f ug{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 . · 3/ ejg h:tf ef}lts ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ubf{ e"ldut hn ;+lrtL (Rain Water Harbesting) ug{] s'/fnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g] 5 . • @)&@ a}zfvsf] e"sDkaf6 kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ gS;fkf; z'Nsdf lbFOb} cfPsf] %) k|ltzt 5'6nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 . · ;fj{hlgs ejg lgdf{0f ubf{ ckfª\tf / afn d}qL ;+/rgf lgdf{0fdf hf]8 lbOg]5 . #_ laB't tkm{ · ljB't gk'us ] f :yfgdf ljB't lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . · ljB't lj:tf/ ePsf] If]qdf :t/f]Ggltdf hf]8 lbOg]5 . · ;8s aQLsf] Joj:yfkgnfO{ r':t / b'?:t agfOg] 5 . · d'Vo / ;+jb] gzLn rf]s, uNnL tyf ;8sx?df l;l;6Lle h8fg ul/g] 5 . · ;fj{hlgs pkof]usf If]qx?df gljs/0fLo phf{sf] k|of]u dfkm{t ljB't cfk"lt{ ug{] sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstfdf /flvg] 5 . $_ ko{6g ljsf; tkm{ · ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf] P]ltxfl;s tyf k'/ftflTjs ko{6g k|a4{gdf hf]8 lbOg]5 . · of]hgf 5gf}6ubf{ ko{6sLo k"jf{wf/sf sfo{qmdnfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf lbOg]5 . · ag]kf gu/kflnsf leq ;Defa]tf ePsf :yfgx?df cfGtl/s tyf jfXo ko{6sx? cfslif{t ug{ dgf]/~hg kfs{, lklSgs :kf]6 ljleGg wfld{s tyf Pltxfl;s k|ltdfx? lgd{f0fdf hf]8 lbOg] 5 . · j8f g+= !) / !# sf] l;dfgfdf kg]{ af;'sLdf Eo'6fj/ ;lxtsf] ko{6lso :yn lgdf{0fsfnfuL k|efjsf/L / Joal:yt ?kdf cuf8L a9fOg] 5 . ;fy} ;f] :yfg;Dd lJxnlro/ af6f] agfpg kxn ul/g]5 . ;fy} ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f g+= ^ uf];fOyfg 8fF8fdf /x]sf] Eo'6fj/sf] :t/f]Ggltsf] cfjZos of]hgf agfOg] 5 . afFsL ^ k]hdf

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r]i6f ;fKtflxs · v'Nnf lrl8of 3/sf] nflu hgfufnsf] 7'nf] agsf] ;DefAotf cWoog ug]{ lglt /x]sf]df ag]kf gu/kflnsf ;d]tsf] kxndf ;+3Lo ;/sf/n] cfGtl/s xjfO{db} fg lgdf{0f k|so[ f cufl8 a9fPsf] x'gfn] ;f] of]hgf xfnnfO{ :yug u/L r08]Zj/L jgdf ;DefJotf cWoog ug{ k|lqmof cl3 a9fOg]5 . · gu/kflnsfsf s[lif ko{6g ;Defjgf ePsf If]qdf s[lif ko{6gsf] l8hfO{g / ;DefJotf cWoog ul/g] 5 . · ko{6g ;"rgf s]Gb|nfO{ k|efjsf/L agpFb} ko{6sLo pTkfbg k|rf/–k|;f/df hf]8 lbOg]5 . ko{6g ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu ;dGjo÷;xsfo{ u/L ko{6g u'?of]hgf tof/L / ko{6gd}qL sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . · sfzLe~Hofª\df ;efxn ;lxt >i6fu|fd lgdf{0fsf nflu ;DefJotf cWoog u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ cufl8 a9fOg]5 . · 6Grf]s, gfuL, gfnf af;'sL], zzLkfgL, u'Daf8fF8f, afpg8fF8f, gu/sf]6 Eo'6fj/, k]?ª\u] jgdf Eo'6fj/ nufPtsf :yfgx?df ko{6g ljsf;sf] ;DefJotf cWoog ul/g] 5. · ag]kf gu/sf ko{6lso :yn hf]8\g] kbdfu{ ;d]t x'g] ;8s lgdf{0f ul/g] 5 . · r08]Zj/L kf/Lsf] jgnfO{ Jojl:yt lkslgs :k6sf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{ :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+u ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ul/g] 5 . ;f] :yfgdf dlg{ª\jfs ;]G6/sf ?kdf ljsl;t ug{ uf];fFOs'08 / Eo'6fj/;Dd !#))÷!$)) l;F9L lgdf{0f ug{] nIo lnOPsf]5 . · ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f g+ # / $ l:yt lxn]hnhn] ax'pb]ZoLo s[ltd tfn lgd{f0f ul/ cfGtl/s tyf jfXo k|o6{ ssf] cfudg / s[lif pTkfbgdf j[lb| ul/ cfocfh{gdf 6]jf k'of{pg] gLlt lnOPsf] 5 . · ag]kf rf/bf]af6f] /x]sf] Ifltu|:t zflns /x]sf] :yfgdf /fli6«o lje"lt c/lgsf]sf] zflns lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . · wg]Zj/ dlGb/sf] a[xtt/ ljsf;sf nflu u;?of]hgf lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . %_ 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u tkm{ · ag]kf gu/kflnsfleq pBf]uu|fd :yfkgf ug{ ;DefJotf cWoog ug{] nIo lnOPsf]5 .· sfi7snf, xft] pBf]u, ko{6s ;fdfu|L pTkfbg ug]{ pBf]unfO{ k|aw{g ug]{ gLlt lnOPsf] 5 . · 3/]n' pTkfbgnfO{ ahf/Ls/0f Pj+ pkef]udf ljz]if hf]8 lbOg]5 .

· 3/]n" tyf ;fgf pBf]u ;+rfngdf jftfj/0f k|b'if0f Go"gLs/0fsf] gLlt lnOg]5 · n3' tyf 3/]n' pBf]unfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . · laleGg vfn] k|j4{gfTds ahf/ ;+rfngdf hf]8 lbOg]5 . · :yfgLo >f]t ;fwg Pj+ hgzlQm kl/rfngdf ljz]if hf]8 lbOg]5 . ko{6s d}qL vfB kl/sf/ k|j4{gdf hf]8 lbOg]5 . · gu/leqsf ljQLo ;+:yfx?nfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]ss ] f] ;fgf pBf]u shf{ lbg k|fT] ;flxt ul/g]5 . ^_ vfg]kfgL tkm{ · k|To]s j8fdf xfn k|of]u eO/x]sf :yfgLo kfgLsf >f]tx?sf] ;+/If0f Pj+ Aojl:yt k|of]u ul/g] 5 . · ;'/lIft lkpg] kfgLsf] Joj:yfdf ;xof]u k'Ug] cfof]hgfx?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 . · vfg]kfgL tyf ;/kmfO{ ;DaGwL hgr]tgfd"ns sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .· >f]tsf] ckof{Kttf ePsf If]qx?df l8k af]l/ª, cfsf;] kfgLsf] ;+sng k|ljlwnfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf lbOg]5 . · sfe|] pkTosf PsLs[t vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfnfO{ cfufdL aif{ leq ;DkGg ug{ cfj:os kxn ul/g] 5 . · hnfwf/ If]qsf] ;+/If0f / k|jw{g ug]{ gLlt lnOg] 5 . · ;fFuf a[xb\ vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfsf] ;DefJotf cWoog k|lqmof cl3 a9fOg]5 . ;fy} uf];fO{s'08 If]qdf l8k af]l/ªsf nflu ;DefJotf cWoog ul/g]5 . &_ jg jftfj/0f tyf ljkb Joj:yfkg · gu/leqsf agh+un sf] ;+/If0f / k|jw{g ul/g] 5 . · :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] cu|flwsf/ /xg] u/L ag k}bfjf/ / ag If]qsf] gf]S;fgL gx'g] u/L ag If]qsf] Aoa;flosLs/0f ul/g] gLlt lnOPsf]] 5 . · gu/kflnsf If]qdf x'g ;Sg] e"–Ifo Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu of]hgf agfOg] 5 . · ;jf/L ;fwg, kf6L{ Kofn];, sf/vfgf, pBf]u cflbaf6 lg:sg] Wjlg k|b'if0fnfO{ Joj:yfkg ug{ cfj:os lgod agfO{ sfof{Gjog ul/g] 5 . · hl8a'6Lsf] ks]6 If]q klxrfg u/L Joj;foLs/0fdf hf]8 lbOg]5 . · hl8j'6L tyf ag k}bfj/hGo j:t'x?sf] ;+/If0f tyf k|a4{g ug{ ljz]if hf]8 lbOg]5

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jif{ @$ @$ c+c+ss #( !^ @)&% @)&$ ;fpg kmfu'g !)# ut] ljxLjf/ jif{ · lb3{sflng ?kdf 7f]; kmf]xf]/sf] Joj:yfkgsf] nflu lghL If]q ;+usf] ;xsfo{df Joj:yfkg ug{ k|s[of 6'ªufOPsf] 5 . · cfjZostf cg'?ksf :yfgx?df lghL If]q ;+usf] ;xsfo{df ;fj{hlgs zf}rfnox? lgdf{0f / Joj:yfkgsf] gLlt lnPsf] 5 . · gu/ If]qsf e':ofxf s's/' lgoGq0fsf nflu cfj:os sfo{qmd NofOg] 5 . · gu/ If]qleq rf}kfofx? j]jfl/;] cj:yfdf 5f]8g\ ] sfo{nfO{ s8fOsf ;fy cg'udg u/L bf]ifLnfO{ sfjf{xL ug{] gLlt lnOg] 5 . *_ ;"rgf tyf ;+rf/ ljsf; tkm{ · ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf] ;Dk"0f{ j8fsf] gu/ k|fk] mfO{n, lgdf{0f tyf cBfjlws ul/g]5 . · cfjlws gu/ ljsf; of]hgf, gu/ oftfot u'?of]hgf, s[lif ljsf; u'?of]hgf, a:tL ljsf; u'?of]hgf, gu/ e"pkof]u of]hgf lgdf{0fdf hf]8 lbOg]5 . o;}nfO{ cfwf/ dfgL aflif{s gu/ ljsf; of]hgf tof/ ul/g] 5 . · gu/kflnsfsfsf] tYofª\snfO{ Psåf/ k|0ffnLdf cfj4 ul/g]5 . · ;"rgf tyf tYof+sx?nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ ljleGg ;km\6j]o/x?sf] k|of]u ul/g] 5 . · gu/kflnsf af6 k|jfx x'g ;]jfx?df sDKo"6/fOh ub{} nlug]5 . · ag]kfnfO{ :df6{ l;6Lsf] ?kdf ljsf; ul/g] 5 . · cfjZostf cg'?ksf] b'/;+rf/sf] 6fj/ :yfkgf / Joj:yfkgnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg] gLlt lnOg] 5 . · 6]lnkmf]gsf] NofG8nfOg ;]jf lj:tf/df hf]8 lbOg]5 . · gu/kflnsfsf ultljlwx?nfO{ j]j;fO6 dfkm{t k|sfzg / cWofjlws ul/g] 5 . · gu/kflnsf Ifq]df ;r+fngdf /xs ] f PkmPdx?nfO{ gu/ ljsf;sf ultljlw kz | f/0f ug{ kf|T];fxg ug{ kf|T];fxg ul/g] 5 . · gu/ If]qdf /x]sf 5fkf / 6]lnlehgx?;+u ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ul/ gful/sx?sf] ;"rgf kfpg] xssf] ;'lglZrt ul/g] 5 . · ;"rgfsf] xs P]gsf k|fjwfgx?nfO{ sfof{Gjog / cg'z/0f ul/g]5 . (_ e"ld Joj:yfkg tkm{ · ;fj{hlgs e'ldsf] klxrfg / clen]vg u/L cltqmd0fnfO{ lgoGq0f ul/g]5 . · ;/sf/L, klt{ hUufsf] nut lnO{ ;f]sf]

;+/If0fsf nflu pko'Qm sfo{bn u7g ul/g]5 . · l8lh6n gfkL k|0ffnLnfO{ qmdz nfu' ul/g] 5 . · e"pkof]u of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjog ul/g] 5 . · jl:t ljsf;sf nflu Knl6ª ubf{ clgjfo{ ?kdf gu/kflnsf ;+u cg'dlt lng' kg]5 { . cg'dlt ljgf Knl6ª ul/Psf hUufx?df 3/x?sf] gS;fkf; gul/g] gLlt lnPsf] 5 . · Knl6ª ul/Psf hUufdf ljsf; z'Ns lnO{g5 ] . hUuf ljsf; sfo{qmd dfkm{t Jojl:yt a:tL ljsf;sf] gLlt lnOg]5 . · g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gLlt cg';f/ u'7L hUuf Joj:yfkg ug{] gLlt lnOPsf] 5 . !)_ cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw tkm{ · ag]kf gu/kflnsf;Fu ldNbf / OR5's cGt/f{li6«o ;x/, lgsfox?;Fu elugL ;DaGw :yfkgf ul/g]5 . · ag]kfsf] elugL ;DaGw ePsf] hgjfbL u0ftGq lrgsf] l;ufT;] gu/;Fusf] ;DaGwnfO{ yk dha't, k|uf9 Pj+ pkof]uL agfOg]5 . · cGt/f{li6«o lx;fadf cg's"n :yfgx?sf] cjnf]sg e|d0f Pj+ l;sfO cfbfg–k|bfgsf sfo{qmdx?sf] cfof]hgf ul/g]5 . · g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg / sfg'gsf] kl/wLdf /lx a}b]lzs ;xof]u, C0f cfjZostf cg';f/ lnOg]5 . !!_ :yfgLo ;|f]t kl/rfng tkm{ · ag]kf gu/kflnsfåf/f 6f]n ;'wf/ ;ldlt u7g ubf{ Psåf/ k|0ffnL cjnDag ug]{, To:tf ;+:yfx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf; / ltlgx?nfO{ ljsf;sf sfo{s|dx?df kl/rfng ug{] gLlt lnOg]5. · ag]kf kf]nL6]SgLsn :s'n, ag]kf k|fljlws lzIffno / o:tf cGo ;|ft] x?sf] klxrfg / kl/rfngsf pko'Qm ljsNkx?sf] vf]hL ul/g] 5 . · ;fdflhs kl/rfngsf nflu sfd ug{] ;Dk"0f{ lgsfox?sf] ;fdflhs kl/rfngsf] ah]6 Ps} af:s]6df /fvL Ps?ktf sfod ug{ kxn ul/g]5 . · ?9LjfbL / cGwljZjf;df cfwfl/t d"No dfGotfx?df ;'wf/ Nofpg] tk{m ;fdflhs kl/rfng ;r]tgf d'ns sfo{s|dnfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 . · gu/kflnsf If]qdf ePsf ;fj{hlgs ;DklQ / ;|ft] sf] klxrfg u/L pko'Qm tj/n] klxrfg kl/rfng / ;b'ko| f]u ug]{ gLlt lnO{g] 5 .

· u}x| ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?;+u ;dGjo / ;xsfo{nfO{ cl3 a9fpg ;fdflhs ljsf; ;fvfnfO{ k|efjsf/L P+jd Joal:yt agfOg] 5 .!@_ ljQLo Joj:yfkg / ;'zf;g ÷;'zf;g / ;]jf k|jfx tkm{ · ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|jfx / ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfo{x?df x'g ;Sg] ljQLo hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu sfo{of]hgf agfO{ nfu" ul/g] 5 . · gu/kflnsf / x/]s j8fx?df gful/s j8fkq /flvg] 5 . gful/s j8fkqsf] ljifodf gful/sx?nfO{ ;';l' rt ug{ kqklqsf, PkmPd, 6]lnlehgx?af6 hfgsf/L u/fO{g] 5 . · cfljlws ?kdf ;fj{hlgs ;'gj' fO{ sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/g] 5 . ;fj{hlgs ;'gj' fO{df p7]sf ;jfn / ;Daf]wgsf] ljifodf ;ldIff ul/g] 5 . · gu/kflnsfsf] ;]jf k|jfxsf ;DaGwdf gful/sx?n] u'gf;f] tyf ph'/L ug{ ;Sg] ;+oGqsf] ljsf; ul/g] 5 . gu/kflnsfdf u'gf;f] ;'Gg] clwsf/Lsf] Joj:yf u/L u'gf;f] clen]vg tyf ;Daf]wgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 . · sd{rf/Lx?df Jofj;flos lgk"0f{tf Nofpg sfo{;Dkfbg s/f/, sfo{ljj/0f, sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg tyf b08 / k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yfnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 . · pkef]Qmf ;ldlt tyf lgdf{0f Joj;foLaf6 ;Dkfbg x'g] ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] sfo{sf] k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;fj{hlgs k/LIf0f ug]{ kl/kf6LnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 . · gu/kflnsfsf] aflif{s ?kdf n]vf k/LIf0f, ;fdflhs k/LIf0f, n}l+ us tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f ah]6 k/LIf0f sfo{x? ;Grfng ul/g] 5g\ . · gu/kflnsfsf ultljlwx?nfO{ dfl;s, q}dfl;s ?kdf ;"rgf kf6L, gu/ ljsf; a'n]l6g, Website tyf cGo dfWodaf6 k|sfzg ul/g]5 . · …hgtf;Fu d]o/Ú /]l8of] sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;~rfng ul/g]5 . cGtdf :yfgLo txsf] gjlgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglwx?sf] t];|f] gu/ ;efdf k|:t't ePsf] pNn]lvt gLlt tyf sfo{qmd cg'df]bgsf nflu ;efsf ;b:o dxfg'efjx?df cg'/f]w ub{5' . ;fy} :jLs[t gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] ;kmn sfof{Gjogdf hgk|ltlglwHo"x?, cfd gu/jf;L bfh'efO lbbLalxgLx? / g]kfn ;/sf/sf ;Da4 lgsfox?af6 ;xof]u / ;b\efj k|fKt x'g5 ] eGg] k"0f{ ljZjf; JoQm ub{5' . wGojfb . ldlt M @)&% c;f/ @* ut] ljlxjf/, ag]kf

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:juf{/f]x0fM @)&%.)$.)% :j= s]bf/gfy cjf

xfd|f clt ldng;f/ ldq /~hg cjfsf k"hgLo lktf s]bf/gfy cjfsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf] b'Mvb\ 38Ldf lbj+ut cfTdfsf] rL/zflGtsf] sfdgf ub{} efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{5f]+ . ;fy} o; b'Mvb\ 38Ldf zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgdf w}o{wf/0f ug{;Sg] zlQm k|fKt xf];\ egL >L r08]Zj/L dfO{;Fu k|fy{gf ub{} ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

dlgif nfv] gj/fh rf} k|wfg /fhg hf]zL ;'v;fu/ vqL ljZj dfgGw/ /fh' sdf{rfo{ /fx'n /fh hf]zL

h'h'sfhL dfgGw/ Zofds'df/ v'Kkf c~hg /fh hf]zL >L uf]kfn sfoi7 k|df]b nfdf wd{ zfSo l/hg dfgGw/ tyf

pb]z dfgGw/ ;Tod sfoi7 uugs'df/ /+lht k|Nxfb ;fksf]6f /f]zg v'Kkf >]i7 l/s]z v'Kkf >]i7 ;'lbg sfo:y

ljj]s v'Kkf h]lgz sltnf dlgif >]i7 pd]z sf/l~ht pd]z 7s'/L ljqmd sf/l~ht ;'hg sf/l~ht

Gx;L Nofo\Dx k"rM ef]+t, ag]kf

*&

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

o;/L ul/of] ltns'df/L b]phfsf] xTof w'lnv]n÷ljut % jif{ b]lv ;Gtf]if kgf}tLd} 8]/f ef8fdf lnO{ dhb'/L ub{} cfPsf lyP . ;Gtf]if / /fhaxfb'/ yfdL Pp6} 7]s]bf/;Fu dhb'/L ub{} cfpg] qmddf e]63f6 ePsf] lyof] . dhb'/L ub{} cfPsf yfdL4on] b]phfs} k;ndf vfhf vfFb} cfPsf lyP . ltns'df/L;Fu w]/} lxdlrd vfhf vfg cfpg] a]nf ePsf] plgx?n] atfP . ;fFem sfd ;s]/ vfhf;Fu} plgx? /lS; klg vfg] u/]sf lyP . ltns'df/L b]phfsf] 3/df /fhaxfb'/ yfdLn] 8]/f lnPsf lyP . !% lbg cl3 dfq} b]phfn] yfdLnfO{ cfkm\g} 3/df dfq} /fv]sL lyO{g cfkm}n] df]6/;fO{sn lslglbP/ rnfpg ;d]t lbPsL lyO{g\ . af #& k @#%^$ gDj/sf] df] 6 /;fO{ s ndf ltns'df/LnfO{ ;Gtf]ifn] 3'dfpg] u/]sf lyP . ltns'df/Ln] uf]ljGb eGg] sdn /fO{;uF ljjfx u/]sL lyO{g\ . sdn /fO{sf] >LdtLn] ltns'df/L / uf]ljGb eGg] sdnnfO{ ax'ljjfxsf] d'2f btf{ u/]kl5 cbfntn] sdnnfO{ sf/fuf/ k7fPsf] lyof] . sdn sf/fuf/ uPkl5 ltns'df/L ltg} ;Gtf]ifnfO{ df]6/;fO{sndf lnP/ e]6g\ cfpg] u/]sL lyO{g\ . 3/d} ePsf >Ldfg k|d] axfb'/ b]phfsf] b'O{ dlxgf cl3 dfq} d[To' ePsf] lyof] . ltns'df/Lsf b'O{ 5f]/f dWo] !% jif{sf] sfG5f] 5f]/f /fdrGb| b]phf ;fO{a/df sfd ul//x]sf lyP . h]7f] 5f]/f cnUu} a:b} cfPsf lyP . c;f/ @) ut] ;fFem dfbs kbfy{ vfg plgx? b]phfsf] k;ndf uPsf lyP . b]phf / plgx?;Fu} /lS; vfP . b]phf clns rfF8} ;'Tg uO{g . b]phf tNnf] tNnfdf ;'Gg uPkl5 plgx? b'a}n] b]phf;Fu ePsf] ;Dklt n'6\g] pb]Zon] lgbfPsf] df}sf 5f]kL plg ;'t]sf] :yfgdf k'u] . b]phf lgbfPs} :yfgdf b'a} hgfn] 3fF6L / v'§f lyrL df/]/ pgn] nufPsf] uxgf lgsfn]/ k;ndf ePsf] ;fdfg ;d]t lgsfnL pgs} df]6/;fO{sndf dWo/ft ! ah] efu]sf lyP . efu]/ sf7df8f} hfg] qmddf ;fFufdf lgoldt k|x/Lsf] r]shfFr ug{] qmddf k|x/LnfO{ ;d]t ws]n/]

efUg vf]hk] l5 k|x/Ln] /fhaxfb'/ yfdLnfO{ kqmfp ug{ ;kmn eof] . t/ pgn] xTof u/]sf] s'/f yfxf lyPg . df]6/;fO{sndf ;jf/ ;Gtf]if km/f/ lyP . pgn] k|of]u u/]sf] df]jfO{n x/]s ;do ckm x'GYof] . k|x/Ln] afUn'Ë k'us ] f ;Gtf]ifnfO{ afnfh'sf] g]kfn6f/ cfPsf] avt kqmfp ug{ ;kmn eof] . ;Gtf]ifn] df]6/;fO{n] eg] l;Gw'kfNrf]s k7fPsf lyP . k|x/Ln] l;Gw'k[ fNrf]saf6 pQm df]6/;fO{sn ;d]t a/fdb u/]sf] 5 . ;feFm ;uF} dfbs kbfy{ ;j]g u/L 5l'§Psf] sl]x ;do kl5 Pp6} 3/df a:g] bO'{ oj'fn] Ps dlxnfsf] xTof u/s ] f 5g\ . kgft}L gu/kflnsf & df vfhf k;n /fVb} cfPsL dlxnfsf] oj'fx?n] xTof u/s ] f xg'\ . lhNnf kx|/L sfofn{o sfek|] nf~rfs ] df cfofl]ht kqsf/ ;Ddn]gdf lhNnf kx|/L kd|v ' P;kL /lj/fh v8s \ fn] 36gfsf af/d]f hfgsf/L lbb} dlxnfsf] xTofdf ;n+Ug AolQmx?nfO{ kqmfp ul/Psf] atfP . @)&% ;fn c;f/ @) ut] kgft}L gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ * 3/ eO{ kgft}L gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ & df k;n ub}{ cfPsL %* alifo{f ltnsd'f/L bp]hfnfO{ ;fl]x 3/df 8/]f u/L a:g] /fd5]fk lhNnf vf8Ffbj]L ufpkFflnsf j8f gDj/ & sf @& alifo{ /fhaxfb/' yfdL / l;Gwk'fNrfs ] lhNnf ;g'vfgL uflj; j8f gDj/ & a:g] jif{ @^ sf ;Gtfi]f yfdLn] xTof u/s ] f lyP . bp]hfsf] xTof u/] ;uF} yfdL4on] gLhsf] k;naf6 kxn]f] wfts ' f] l;qmL, sfgdf nufpg] dG'bf|, 9l'+ u| ! hf/], gub ! xhf/ * ;o @(, ljleGg b/ / hftsf l;Ssf @ sh]L, kfOn{ r/'f6] !^ j§f, ;fp08 l;:6d, ;g'sf ljnx? / df6]/;fOs { n rf/]L km/f/ ePsf lyP . k|x/Lsf] ;lqmotfdf 36gfsf ck/fwL kqmfp k/]sf] lhNnf k|x/L k|d'v P;kL v8\sfn] atfP . Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no ag]kfsf k|x/L lgl/Ifs ;'lgn h+u zfxn] 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg dl;gf] 9+uaf6 ul/Psfn] ck/fwL pDsg g;s]sf] atfP . Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no ag]kfn] pQm 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg ul//x]sf] 5 .

xflbs { awfO{

jif{ @$ @$ c+c+ss #( !^ @)&% @)&$ ;fpg kmfu'g !)# ut] ljxLjf/ jif{

dfO{qmf]n] xfGbf Pssf] d[To' agk]f÷wl'nvn]af6 hgsk/' tkm{ hfbF} u/s ] f] h !! k !@(& gDj/sf] df6]/;fOs { nnfO{ ljkL /fhdfu{ xbF'} l;Gwn'Laf6 sf7df8fa}f6 cfpbF} u/s ] f] gf ! h %@!% kmf;]{ dfOq{mfn]] 7Ss/ lbbFf df6]/;fOs { n rfnssf] 36gf:ynd} dT[o' ePsf] 5 . lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no sfe|s ] f k|x/L k|dv ' P;kL /lj/fh v8\sfsf cg';f/ df]6/;fO{sn rfns wg'iff lhNnf tf/fkl§ a:g] jif{ #^ ;Togf/fo0f zfxsf] d[To' ePsf] xf] .

w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ ( kfgL6\oflÍdf ePsf] b'36{ gfdf df]6/;fO{sndf ;jf/ l;/fxf lhNnf xfSkf/f 3/ ePsf @% alif{o k|lbks'df/ dxQf] ulDe/ 3fO{t] ePsf 5g\ . 3fO{ts ] f] pkrf/ eO{/x]sf] k|x/Ln] atfPsf] 5 . dfO{qmf] rfns l;Gw'nL sdnfdfO{ gkf % 3/ ePsf @( alif{o ?b|axfb'/' >]i7 k|x/L lgoGq0fdf 5g\ . ;f]daf/ dfq} ag]kf l:yt c/lgsf] /fhdfu{df l6«k/sf] 7Ss/af6 ag]kfdf Ps AolQmsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] .

snf“lt e"ld8f“8fnfO{ afnd}qL j8f 3f]if0ff ug{] kgft}L÷kgft}L gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ !@ nfO{ afndq}L j8f 3fi]f0ff ul/g] ePsf] 5 . ;fljs snftFL el"d8f8Ff uflj;n] afndq}L :yfgLo zf;g cjnDjg ul//xs ] f] ul//xs ] f] lyof] . lhNnfsf] klxnf] / kb|z ] gDj/ # sf] bf> ] f] j8fsf ?kdf el"d8f8FfnfO{ lnOP{sf] 5 . ;fljssf] e"ld8fF8f uflj;df ( ;o #% 3/w'/L 5g\ eg] $ xhf/ & ;o & hg;+Vof /x]sf] 5 . ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnon] afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g /fli6«o gLlt @)^*, sfof{Gjog sfof{ljlw @)^* / 3f]if0ff sfof{ljlw @)&) adf]lhd #(

j6f ;"rs k'/f u/]sf] 5 . ;'rssf af/]df lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt sfe|], kgf}tL gu/kflnsf / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?n] cg'udg ul/;s]sf 5g\ . ;fpg @! ut] ;+l3o dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqL nfnafa' kl08tn] afnd}qL j8f 3f]if0ff ug{] 5g\ . @)&@ ;fn b]lv afnd}qL ;DjGwL ljleGg s[ofsnfkx? ;+rfng x'bF } cfPsf] pQm j8fdf @)&$ ;fndf hgk|ltlglw lgjf{lrt eP ;Fu} afnd}qL 3f]if0ffsf nflu cfjZos kg{] ;"rs sfof{Gjogn] yk ltj|tf kfPsf] xf] . ;fljssf] g]skf Pdfn]sf cWoIf OZj/ h+udn] cToflws dt k|fKt u/L j8f cWoIfdf lgjf{lrt ePsf lyP .

;/f]h df]QmfgnfO{ ef]6 u/f}+ ag]kf÷lhNnfsf] ljs6 If]q dxfef/tdf hlGdP/ /fhwfgLdf ;'s'Daf;L al:tdf a:b} cfPsf] df]Qmfg kl/jf/sf ;b:o ;/f]h df]Qmfg Plk jfg 6]lnlehgsf] klxnf] 7'nf] g[To sfo{qmd a'lupuL sfo{qmd ;f] df % xhf/af6 6k ly|df 5gf}6 ePsf 5g\ . ;/f]h df]Qmfg lhtfpF cleofg z'? u/L lhNnfdf pgsf] ;Ddfg tyf pgsf] k|rf/ k|;f/sf nflu lxhf] a'waf/ eAo sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/Psf] 5 . cfh ljlxaf/ /flt * ah] b]lv ;fpg !( ut];Dd ;/f]hnfO{ lhtfpg df]jfO{nsf] Dof;]h aS;df uO{ )* 6fO{k u/L #%@@% df P;PdP; ug{ ;lsg]5 . ;/f]h lhNnfsf] dfg / /fli6«o zfg ePsfn] pgnfO{ lhtfpg lhNnfaf;L / lhNnfaf6 cGoq uPsf gful/sx?nfO{ klg dtbfg ug{ k|ltlglw ;ef If]q gDj/ ! sf ;f+;b u+ufaxfb'/ bf]Ën] cg'/f]w u/]sf 5g\ . ;/f]hsf] k|:t'tL ;d]t /x]sf] pQm sfo{qmddf ;/f]hn] ljleGg lutx?df g[To k|:t't ub{} cfkm'nfO{ dtbfg u/L lhNnfsf] gfd ljZje/ /fVg cg'/f]w u/]sf lyP . ;/f]hsf] cfdf ;'Gwf/fdf gfËnf] k;n ub{} cfPsL l5g\ . ;fdfGo kl/jf/sf ;b:o ;/f]hnfO{ xf};nf lbg lhNnfdf ljleGg sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/Psf lyP . sfo{qmddf k|b]z ;ef ;f+;bx? /Tg 9sfn, rGb| nfdf, a;'Gw/f x'dffufO{, ag]kf gu/kflnsf pkk|d'v /]vf ;fksf]6f bfxfn, dxfef/t ufpFkflnsf cWoIf sfG5fnfn lhDaf, g]skf g]tf OGb|afb'/ lyË nufotsf] pkl:ytL /x]sf] lyof] . ;/f]hnfO{ lhtfpg cfly{s / g}lts tyf dtbfg ug{ cg'/f]w ul/Psf] 5 .

xflbs { awfO{

kgf}tL a;kfs{ vfg]kfgL pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf ;lrj xl/k|;fb ltdlN;gfsf h]i7 ;'k'q kl/jt{g ltdlN;gfn] P;O{O{ @)&$ sf] k/LIffdf ;fd'bflos ljBfnotkm{af6 #=(% lhlkP NofO{ lhNnf 6k ug{ ;kmn ePsf]df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub{} pHjn eljiosf] sfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

nfoG; Sna ckm ag]kfsf lgjt{dfg cWoIf s}nfz knf~rf]s] lnof] Snj ckm ag]kfsf] lnof] P8efOh/df rog x'g'ePsf]df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub{} sfo{sfn k"0f{ ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

/fhZ]j/ >i]7 cWoIf @)!*÷)!(

lnof] Sna ckm agk]f sfe]|

nIdLgf/fo0f tfdf|sf/ cWoIf tyf

kgft } L a;kfs{ vfgk]fgL pkefQ ] mf ;dx " kl/jf/, kgft } L sfe]| 3/ alnof] agfpg /8 / l;d]G6 dfq} eP/ x'bF g} u'0f:t/Lo O{6fsf] klg cfjZostf kb{5 To;}n] u'0f:t/Lo O{6fsf] nflu xfdLnfO{

k;n ef8fdf nufpg] ;DjlGw ;'rgf bf];f| ] k6s k|sflzt ldlt @)&% ;fpg !) ut]

lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= sfe|s ] f] k;n ef8fdf lnO{ Aoj;fo ;+rfng ug{ OR5's AolQm jf ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] bf];|f] k6s ;'rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] & lbg leq l/tk'j{ssf] lgj]bg lbg'xg' of] ;'rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=sf] sfof{nodf ;Dks{ ug'x{ g' cg'/f]w ul/G5 . cfjZos sfuhftx? != g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq k|ltlnlk ! @= Joj;fo btf{ k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk ! #= :yfO{ n]vf g+=k|df0fkqsf] -kfg_ k|ltlnlk ! $= kmf]6f] ;lxtsf] lgj]bg ! k'gZrM pQm k;n sjnx? xf]6n] tyf df;'hGo Aoj;fosf nflu pknAw u/fOg] 5}g .

lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= ag]kf, sfe|] kmf]g g+= )!!–^^!!@&

;"rgf

;"rgf

;"rgf

ldlt @)&% ;fpg !@ ut] zlgjf/sf lbg ag]kf gu/kflnsf If]qleqsf k'0odftf vf]nf sl/8f]/af6f]df vf]nfsf] bfofF afofF 3/ 6x/f / hUuf kg{] ;/f]sf/nfjfx?sf] e]nf a:g] ePsf]n] oxfFsf] clgjfo{ pkl:yltsf] nflu xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ . sfo{qmd M ;do M ljxfg !) ah] k'0odftf vf]nf sl/8f]/ :yfg M !) / !! j8f sfof{no ejg, hgfufn, k'nahf/ cg'/f]w M

k'0odftf vf]nf sl/8f]/ ;/f]sf/jfnf ;d"x

;Dks{ (*%!)@(##* -a;Gts'df/ l3ld/], (*$!$^$^^# -hugfy >]i7_ k'gZr M ;xefuLn] cfk\mgf] 3/ 6x/f / hUufwgL k|df0fkq / gS;f lk|G6sf] kmf]6f]skL lnP/ cfpg' xf]nf .

g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 sfe|]nkf~rf]s zfvfsf]

;b:otf gljs/0f ;DjGwL ;"rgf g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 sfe|]knf~rf]s zfvfsf] ldlt @)&% ;fpg ( ut]sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ aif{ @)&% sf] nflu ;b:otf gljs/0f ug{ ;fpg @$ ut];Dd Dofb /xg] u/L gljs/0f v'Nnf ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] x'Fbf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox?nfO{ cfkm\gf] s[oflzntf v'Ng] sfuhkq ;lxt g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 sfe|]knf~rf]s zfvfsf] sfof{nodf ;Dks{ ug{'x'g cg'/f]w ul/G5 . ;fy} gljs/0f;Fu} k|]; kf; ePsf kqsf/x?sf] b'3{6gf ljdf ;d]t ul/g] ePsfn] ;f]lx k|of]hgsf nflu ;d]t gljs/0f ePsf sfuhft pknAw u/fO{pg' x'g xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5' . cfjZos sfuhkq != lgj]bg @= z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnkL #= g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnkL $= sfo{/t ;+:yfaf6 Go"ttd kfl/>lds ;lxtsf] lgo'lQm kq, ;+:yfsf] l;kmfl/; / kl/rokq %= ;"rgf ljefusf] k|]; kf; ^= s[oflzn /x]sf] k|df0f v'Ng] sfuhkq, cl8of] jf leh'cn ;fdu|L &= lgj]bg b:t'/ M ? !%)) .– -cIf/]kL Ps xhf/ kfFr ;o dfq ._ yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu

g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 sfe|] zfvf )!!–^^@@((, (*%!)%&&%#, (*%!)&!(@%, (*%!)(^*&^

kf]N6«L ljz]if 8f= u0f]z aGhf/f

s'v/' fdf EoflS;g -vf]k_ af/] hfgsf/L EoflS;g cyf{t vf]kn] s'g} klg cflwsfl/s /f]uaf6 arfpg] sfd u5{ . /f]u nufpg] hlt tTjx?df hLjf0f', ljiff0f' ljiff0f', 9';L k|f6] f]hf]jf / kl/hLjLx? kb{5g\ . oL dflysf ljiff0f' afx]ssf ;a} /f]u nufpg] tTjx? cf}iflw;Fu ;+jb] gzLn x'G5g\ . ljiff0f';uF arfj6sf] nflu kG5L ;'/Iff / vf]ksf] pNn]vlgo e"ldsf v]ns ] f] x'G5 . s8f ;ts{tf, pRr ;/;kmfO{ / h}ljs ;'/Iffsf] kfngf ug'n{ ] g} s'v/' f pTkfbg j[l4 u/fpF5 . EoflS;gn] /f]u ;Fu h'Wg ;Sg] /f]u k|lt/f]wfTds zlQmsf] ljsf; ug]{ x'gfn] EoflS;gsf] ;fy} Joj:yfkg klg /fd|f] x'g' k5{ . s'gk} lg kG5LnfO{ k|fs[lts ?kdf s'g} /f]u nfu]df To;sf] z/L/df P06La8Lsf] ljsf; ePsf] x'G5 . o:tf P06La8Lsf] /f]u lgsf] ug{sf ;fy} eljiodf /f]u nfUg glbg dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]ns ] f x'G5g\ . ;+qmfds /f]uaf6 kG5Lsf] w]/} d[To' x'g,] pTkfbg 36\g] ;Defjgf x'G5 eg] o;af6 arfpg EoflS;g g} pko'Qm x'G5 .

EoflS;gsf k|sf/x? M !_ hLljt EoflS;g M vf]k cyf{t EoflS;gdf ePsf] ;lqmo hLljt hLj g} hLljt EoflS;g x'g\ . o; EoflS;g nufPsf s'v/' f / EoflS;g gnufPsf s'v/' fx? ;+u} /flvPdf EoflS;g gnufPsf s'v/' fx?df /f]u b]lvg ;Sg] ;Defjgf a9L x'G5 . @_ Pl6g'68] EoflS;g (Attenuated Vaccine) ljz]if tl/sfaf6 pTkflbt of] EoflS;gdf hLljt hLjnfO{ sdhf]/ agfOPsf] x'G5 . o:tf EoflS;gaf6 /f]u km}lng ;Sg] ;Defjgf Go"g x'G5 eg] /f]u lj?4sf] /f]u k|lt/f]wfTds zlQm cyf{t P06La8L w]/} dfqfdf agfpg ;S5 . #_ d[t EoflS;g ( killed vaccine) of] EoflS;gdf hLj d/]sf] x'G5 t/ o;n] z/L/sf] Oldg' k|0ffnLdf cg'sn' c;/ ul/ z/L/df P06La8Lsf] ljsf; u5{ . o:tf] EoflS;gn] Pl6g'68] EoflS;g / hLljt EoflS;gsf] bfhf]df OldgL6L zlQmsf] n]jn sd k|bfg ub{5 .

EoflS;gsf ?kx? !_ t/n EoflS;g (Liquid vaccine) M t/n EoflS; gePsfn] tTsfn nufpg ;lsG5 . @_ lk|h 8«fO8 EoflS;g (Freeze Dried vaccine)M Pp6f 5'§} EoflS;g 3'nfpg] kfgL 8fOn'PG6 _ / 5'§} lk|h 8«fO8 rSsLnfO{ 3'nfP/ k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . #_ ;'Vvf EoflS;g M o:tf] vfnsf] EoflS;g ;'Vvf w'nf] x'G5 / 5/]/ k|of]u ug{ ul/G5 . s'v/' fdf EoflS;g nufpg] :yfgx? M – df;' – 5fnf – cfFvf – gfs – kfgL – dn4f/ – Kjfvsf] km]b – kv]6f – :k|] k+IfLdf vf]k lbPkl5 To; vf]kdf k|of]u ePsf lhljt jf d[t lhjf0f' jf ljiff0f' z/L/ leq k|jz ] u5{g\ . To;kl5 z/L/sf] ;'/Iff k|0ffnL (Defense system) cGtu{tsf Ps k|sf/sf sf]ifx? h:fnfO{ Messenger Cells klg elgG5 n] o:tf lsl;dsf jfx\o tTjx? z/L/df k|jz ] u/]sf 5g\ elg ;DjlGwt c+ux? ;dIf hfgsf/L k'¥ofp5g\ . lt c+ux?n] lt jfx\o tTjx? -vf]kdf ePsf lhjf0f' jf ljiff0f'_ nfO{ lglis|o kfg{] vf; lsl;dsf] /zfog (Antibodies) pTkfbg u/L /ut dfkm{t ;Dk'0f{ z/L/ e/L k7fpF5g\ . ltg} /;fogn] lt jfx\o tTjx?nfO{ dfg{] jf lglis|o kfg{] sfd u5{g\ / z/L/nfO{ pQm /f]uaf6 jrfpg] sfd ub{5g\ .dt[ vf]kjf6 pTkfbg ePsf] Antibodies eGbf hLljt vf]kjf6 pTkfbg ePsf] Antibodies z/L/df nfdf] ;do ;Dd /lx/xG5g\ . To;}u/L vf]kaf6 pTkfbg ePsf] Antibodies eGbf k|fs[lts ?kdf /f]u nfu]kl5 pTkfbg ePsf] Antibodies z/L/df nfdf] ;do ;Dd /lx/xG5 . z/L/df s'g} vf; /f]u lj?4sf] P06Lal8x? Hflt nfdf] ;do;Dd /lx/xG5 Tof] /f]u kz'k5 + Ldf nfUg kfpb}g . Psk6s vf]k nufP kZrft lglZrt ;do kl5 P06Lal8x? 36\g yfN5g\ / k'g vf]k bf]xf]¥ofPdf (Booster dose) P06Lal8x? k]ml/ a9\5g\ . hLljt vf]ksf kmfO{bfx?df /IffTds cjlw nfdf] x'G5, yf]/} dfqf eP k'U5, yf]/} k6s k|of]u u/] k'U5, PnhL{ x"g] ;Defjgf sd x'G5, t'ngfTds ?kdf ;:tf] x'G5, P8h'e0] 6sf] cfaZostf kb}g{ . To;}u/L d[t vf]ksf kmfO{bf/?df ;+ro ug{ ;lhnf] / :6]jn x'G5, vf]k af6 /f]u ;g{ ;Sg] / cGo ;+qmd0f x'g] ;+efjgf sd x'G5 .;fdfGo cj:yfdf ePsf] s'v/' fnfO{ vf]k nufpg ;lsG5 eg] /f]u nfu]sf jf tgfjdf ePsf s'v/' fnfO{ vf]k nufpg' x'bg} .

Vff]k nufpg] kmfObfx?df – /f]usf] /f]uyfdsf] nfuL. – s'v/' fsf] d[To'b/ 36fpg .

– ljiff0f'x?sf] k|efjsf/L pkrf/ ug]{ cf}iflw gePsf]n] .

– Joj;fosf] cfDbfgL a9fpg . vf]kdfx'g' kg]{ u'0fx?

– vf]kdf vf; /f]usf] lj?4df 5f]6f] ;dodf g} k|lt/f]wfTds zlQm (Antibodies) pko'Qm dfqfdf pTkGg ug]{ u'0f x'gk' 5{ .

– vf]kdf k|of]u ul/Psf] hLjf0f' jf ljiff0f'sf] k|hflt (Strain) cfˆgf] b]zdf kfO{g] hLjf0f' jf ljiff0f'sf] k|hflt;+u ldNg] x'g' k5{ . h;n] ubf{ k|hftL km/s eO{ vf]kn] sfd gug]{ l:ylt ;[hgf x'g] ;Defjgf sd /xG5 .

– vf]kdf k|of]u ePsf] hLjf0f' jf ljiff0f' z'4 (Pure) x'g' k5{ . cyf{t To;df cgfjZos (Undesirable) hLjf0f' tyf ljiff0f'x? ldl;Psf] (Conta-mination) x'g' x' b' g} .

– k|of]u u/]sf] EoflS;gn] kz' k+5Lsf] z/L/df sdeGbf sd gs/fTds c;/x? pTkGg ug]{ vfnsf] x'g' k5{ / vf]kn] kz'k5 + Lsf] z/L/df s'g} klg lsl;dsf] xflgsf/s c;/x? (Toxic effects)kfg{' x'bg} . vf]k ;+ro tyf 9'jfgL ubf{ ljrf/ ug{k' g]{ s'/fx?

– lk|mh 8«fo ul/Psf] vf]knfO{ l8k lk|mhdf -–% b]vL – @) l8=;]=_ /fVg] t/ slxn] l8k lk|mhdf / slxn @ b]lv * ;]= tfkqmd ePsf] /]lk|mh]/6] /df /fVg] ul/Pdf vf]ksf] k|efjsf/Ltfdf lgs} sdL cfpg ;S5 .

– vf]k 9'jfgL ubf{ pko'Qm tfkqmd ldnfP/ yd{; cyjf yd{sn' aS;df /fvL 9'jfgL ug{' kb{5 .

– s'gk} lg vf]knfO{ l;wf 3fddf kg]{ u/L k|of]u jf cf];f/ k;f/ ug{' x'bg} .

– vf]k e08f/0f ubf{ cFWof/f] / lr;f] sf]7fdf /fVg' pko'Qm x'G5 . sf]N8 r]gsf] /fd|f] Joj:yfsf ;fy} nf]8;]l8ªdf h]g6] /sf] Joj:yfx'g' k5{ . kfgLsf] dfWodaf6 k|of]u ug]v { f]k (Water vaccination) of] ;a}eGbf ;/n, sd vlr{nf] / Ps} k6sdf w]/} s'v/' fnfO{ k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] t/Lsf xf] . t/ kfgLsf] dfWodaf6 vf]k k|of]u ubf{ lgDg s'/' fdf Wofg lbg' kb{5 . kfgLdf vf]k /fd|f] ;Fu ldl;Psf] x'gk' g],{ vf]k k|of]u ug]{ kfgLdf s'g} lsl;dsf] kmf]xf]/ ldl;Psf] x'g' gx'g,] vf]k k|of]u ug{' eGbf @$ 3G6f klxnf b]lv !@ 3G6f kl5 ;Dd kfgLdf s'g} lsl;dsf] lhjf0f' jf ljiff0f' gfzs cf}iflw, lgz+qmd0f ug]{ kbfy{ jfSnf]l/g k|of]u ug{x' b' g} . kfgL vfg] ef8f (Drinkers) ;fj'gn] /fd|f] ;Fu ;kmf ug{' kb{5 . vf]k k|of]u ug]{ kfgLsf] dfqf Water meter n] dfkg ug{' kb{5 . vf]k k|of]u ug{e' Gbf @$ 3G6f klxnf kfgLsf kfOkx?nfO{ b"w ld;fO{Psf] (200 gm /200 lit) kfgLn] ˆn; ug{' pko'Qm x'G5 . s'v/' fn] ;fdfGo cj:yfdf Ps lbgdf hltkfgL vfG5 To;sf] $) k|ltzt kfgLdf vf]k lbg' kb{5 . a|fO] n{ / s'v/' fn] xsdf %=@% nfO{ p;sf] pd]/ lbgn] u'0ff ubf{ Ps lbgdf vfg] ld=ln= kfgL x'g hfG5 . To;sf] ## b]lv $) k|ltzt kfgLdf vf]k lbg' kb{5 .

Vff]ksf] tof/L – lrNnf] /lxtb"w (Skimmed milk Powder) !) u|fd b"w ! ln= kfgLdf jf ! s]=hL b"w !)) ln= kfgLdf ld;fO{ 3f]Ng] / dfqf cg';f/sf] s'v/' fsf] nflu !—@ 306f leq l;Wofpg] u/L kfgL vfg] ef8f]df /flvlbg] .

– o;n] kfgLdf ePsf] kmf]xf]/nfO{ s]lx dfqfdf sd u5{ .

– b'wdf ePsf] k|fl] 6g (Casein) n] ljiff0f'nfO{ jflx/af6 3]//] ;'/Iff k|bfg ub{5g\ / vf]knfO{ nfdf] ;do;Dd lju|g lbb}g .

– b'w kfp8/nfO{ vf]k 3f]Ng' eGbf sDtLdf klg @) ldg]6 cufl8 g} 3f]Ng' kb{5 . vf]k nufpbf ckgfpg] ;fjwfgLx? ;Dej eP;Dd ljxfg jf a]ns ' f lbg] . -tfkqmd !%—@) l8=;]=_, 3f]nL ;s]sf] vf]k cfwf 306fleq k|of]u ug]{ / kfgLdf vf]k lbg' eGbf cfwf b]lv ! 306f cuf8Ljf6 g} s'v/' fnfO{ kfgL aGb ug{k' 5{ . vf]k nufPtf klg kz' kG5Ldf /f]u nfUg] sf/0fx? vfk]df ePsf] hLjf0f' jf ljiff0fs ' f] kh|ftL (strain) / cfkmg\f] Ifq]df ePsf] hLjf0f' jf ljiff0fs ' f] kh|ftL km/s ePdf, Cold Chain sf] Joj:yf /fdf|] gePdf jf vfk] pTkfbs ;:+yfn] lglbi{6 u/s ] f] tl/sf cg;'f/ cyft{ lr;f] cj:yfdf vfk]sf] cf;]f/ k;f/ tyf e08f/0f gePdf, kI+fLsf] z/L/df sg'} /fu]sf] hLjf0f,' jf ljiff0f' kj|z ] ul/;ss ] f] t/ /fu]sf] nIf0f bv ] f kg]{ z?' gePsf] cj:yfdf (Incubation Period) df vfk] lbOPdf, kI+fLsf] zfl//Ls cj:yf k0"f?{kn] l7s gePsf] cj:yf cyjf sg'} lsl;dsf] tgfj k/s ] f] cj:yf h:t} sg'} /fu] nfu/] lgsf] xb+F' } u/s ] f] ;dodf vfk] lbPdf, vfk] ko|fu] ubf{ vfk] pTkfbs ;:+yfn] lglbi{6 u/s ] f] ks | o[f cg;'f/ gePdf cyft{ vfk] 3fN]bf cfjZos eGbf al9 Diluent ko|fu] ePdf tyf Ps tl/sfaf6 lbgk'g]{ vfk] csf]{ tl/sfaf6 lbPdf tyf tfl]sPsf] eGbf dfqf sd ePdf, Snfl]/g ld;fPsf] kfgLdf vfk] 3fn]L ;j]g u/fOPdf jf sg'} PG6Ljfofl]6s vfO/{xs ] f] ;dodf vfk] lbOPdf vfk]sf] ke|fjsfl/tf sd eP/ hfG5 .

gN]6f sfes ]| f] ;r " gf g]kfn cFuh]| L efiff lzIfs ;+3 -g]N6f_ sfe|s ] f] cfof]hgfdf lgDg ldlt, ;do / :yfgdf s]o" tyf g]N6f s]Gb|sf jl/i7 k|lzIfs4f/f ;+rfng x'g] Ps lbg] cFuh]| L efiff lzIfsx?sf] sfo{zfnf -js{zk_df sfe|] lhNnfleqsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfnodf cWoog/t cFuh]| L lzIfsx?sf] pkl:yltsf] nflu cg'/f]w ul/G5 . sfo{qmd ldlt M @)&% ;fpg !( ut] zlgjf/ :yfg M k~rsGof a}G+ Sj}6 ag]kf ;do M ljxfg ( ah]bl] v k'gZr M ;xefuLx?sf nflu vfgf vfhf ;l6{lkms]6 / :6]zg/Lsf] ;d]t Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . cu|Ld ;Dks{sf nflu (*%!!^^#^$ -cWoIf_ (*%!!^*%@* -;lrj_ (*$!!)((^@ -sf]iffWoIf_ (*$!^$**^! jf g]N6f sfe|s ] f kbflwsf/Lx? .

(

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

jif{ @$ c+s #( @)&% ;fpg !) ut] ljxLjf/

sjh ;xsf/LnfO{ ;'k/hf]gsf cf}hf/ ;xsf/L cfjfh

gfnf, ag] k f÷k| w fgdGqL ;'k/hf]g sfo{qmd cGt{ut lhNnfsf ljleGg :yfgdf s[lif cf}hf/x? x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . s[lif k]zfnfO{ Aoj;foLs ?kdf cfw'lgs / k|ljwLd}qL agfpg] pb]Zon] sfo{qmd nfu' ePsf :yfgx?df cf}hf/x?sf] x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] xf] . sfo{qmd cGt{ut cfO{taf/ ag]kf gfnfdf sjh s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf lnld6]8nfO{ %) k|ltzt cg'bfgdf !# nfv

?k}ofsf s[lif cf}hf/x? x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . ;'k/hf]g sfo{qmdn] %) k|ltzt cg'bfg pknAw u/fPkl5 ;xsf/Lsf tkm{af6 ;b:ox?n] %) k|ltzt /sd nufgL u/L cf}hf/x? vl/b ul/Psf] cWoIf ejfgL bfxfnn] atfO{g\ . ag]kf gu/kflnsf pkk|d'v /]vf ;fksf]6f bfxfn / ;'k/hf]g sfo{qmdsf k|dv ' lszf]/ kGtn] ;d'xsf cWoIf ejfgL bfxfnnfO{ vl/b ul/Psf] ;fdfu|L x:tfGt/0f u/]sf lyP .

gfnf If]qnfO{ cfn'sf] ks]6 If]q agfpg] cleofg cg';f/ ljleGg sfo{qmd z'? ePsf] 5 . ;f]lx sfo{qmd cg';f/ cfn' pTkfbg / cfn'sf] v]ltnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] pb]Zon] tLgj6f sfd Pp6} d]lzgaf6 x'g] u/L hf]Tg], cfn'sf] 8\ofË kfg{] / uf]8g\ ] d]lzg vl/b ul/Psf] 5 . h;sf nflu hgzlQm sd x'bF f klg d]lzgsf] dfWodaf6 Ps} lbg w]/} If]qsf] sfd ug{ ;lsg] ePsf] 5 . To:t} cfn'sf] u|8] 5'§ofpg] d]lzg klg vl/b ul/Psf] 5 . ;a} lsl;dsf cfn' Pp6} 8fnf]df /fv]/ ljqmL ubf{ d'No pko'Qm gcfpg] eGb} sfo{qmd dfkm{t cfn'nfO{ tLg u|8] df ljefhg u/L km/s km/s d'No s[ifs cfkm}n] sfod ug{] pb]Zon] pQm d]lzgsf] k|of]u ug{ nfluPsf] xf] . To:t} s[ifsx?sf nflu kz'kfngdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] pb]Zon] e':;f sf6\g] d]lzg @# yfg, v]tdf hf]Tg] 6«ofS6/ #) yfg, 8\ofË kfg{] uf]8g\ ] / hf]Tg] 6«ofS6/ Ps yfg, P:k|] kDk ! ;o yfg, wfg r'6g\ ] d]lzg # yfg, ds} 5f]8fpg] d]lzg # yfg cf}hf/ x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . cf}hf/ x:tfGt/0f;Fu} s[ifsx?nfO{ To;sf] k|of]u ug{] tl/sfsf] tflnd ;d]t k|bfg ul/g] ;'k/hf]g sfo{qmdsf k|d'v kGtn] atfP . cfkm'n] pTkfbg u/]sf] cfn' nufotsf t/sf/Lsf] d'No cfkm} tf]Sg' kg{]df kGtn] hf]8 lbP . d]xgt u/]/ pTkfbg u/]/ NofPsf] t/sf/Lsf] d'No t]>f] kIfn] tf]lslbFbf plrt

d'No s[ifsn] kfpg g;s]sfn] ;d'x ;xsf/L tyf :yfgLo ;/sf/n] t/sf/Lsf] d'No x/]s lbg tf]lslbg' kg{] kGtn] atfP . sfo{ q mddf gu/kflnsf pkk|d'v /]vf ;fksf]6f bfxfnn] s[lif cf}hf/ x:tfGt/0fn] s[lif k|0ffnLdf yk cfw'lgstf / Aoj;flostf cfpg ;Sg] atfO{g\ . gu/kflnsfsf] k|d'v bfloTj s[lif / kz' Aoj;fonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] /x]sfn] k|ljlwsf] ;b'kof]u u/]/ pTkfbg a9fpg gu/afl; s[ifsx?nfO{ cfu|x ul/g\ . sfo{qmddf g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 sfe|] zfvfsf cWoIf df]lt/fd ltdlN;gfn] ;/sf/L cg'bfgsf ;fdfu|Lx?sf] b'?kof]u x'g] u/]sfn] ;b'kof]u u/L 36\b} uPsf] hgzlQmsf] cefj k'lt{ ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] atfP . sfo{qmddf d:of{ËbL PkmPdsf cWoIf udk|;fb u'?Ë, ;k'/hf]g sfo{qmdsf ;+rfns nIdL bfxfn, ;+:yfsL pkfWoIf hfg'sf bfxfn, ;+rfns sdn bfxfnn] s[lif ;xsf/Ln] s[ifsx?sf nflu cf}hf/ x:tfGt/0f sfo{qmdn] ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] atfPsf lyP . lhNnfsf] kgf}tL, d08g, gfnf, gdf]a4' , kfFrvfn, 9'v + s{ nufotsf If]qdf kfj/ l6n/, ldlg kfj/ l6n/, kfgL tfGg] d]lzg, 3fF; sf6\g] s6/, ljif 5g{] :k|,] wfg emfg{] d]lzg, lk;fgL emfg{] d]lzg, ds} 5f]8fpg] d]lzg nufot x:tfGt/0f sfo{qmd /x]sf] ;'k/hf]g sfo{qmdsf cWoIf xl/k|;fb vltj8fn] atfP .

gdf]a4' n] z'? u¥of] df]ltljGb' b'36{ gf Go'gLs/0f 5nkmn Go'lgs/0f cleofg x'b“ f x'b“ } b'36{ gf

gdf] a ' 4 ÷gu/afl;x?nfO{ cfFvfdf x'g] df]ltofljGb'sf] /f]u sd ug{] / ePsf /f]lux?sf] pkrf/ u/fpg] pb]Zon] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lzlj/df gu/afl;x?n] ;lqmo ;xeflutf b]lvPsf] 5. …gu/kflnsfsf] d'Vo pb]Zo df]ltljGb' Go'lgs/0f cleofg z'? ul/Psf] xf]Ú–gu/ k|d'v l6kL zdf{ ltdlN;gfn] eg]–…:j:y gu/ / gu/afl; agfpg] cleofgdf ljleGg If]qsf] ;xof]u /x]sf] 5 .Ú /]o'sfO{ PO{sf] df;'gfuf cfFvf c:ktfn k|fylds cfFvf pkrf/ s]Gb| gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsf @ / g]kfnL ;]gf @^ gDj/ aflxgL es'08]sf] k|fljlws ;xof]udf b'O{ lbg lzlj/ ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . /]o'sfO{ cfFvf c:ktfn ag]kfsf 8f= k|1 n'O6{ n] sf] g]tT[ jn] ;xeflux?sf] cfFvf kl/If0f u/]sf] lyof] . g]kfnL ;]gfn] cfFvf;Fu} cGo /f]ux?sf] ;d]t kl/If0f u/]sf] lyof] . lzlj/df % ;o &$ hgfn] kl/If0f u/fPsf] cfv F f c:ktfnsf lx/fd0fL zdfn{] atfP . lzlj/df ;xeflu ePsfx? dWo] #^ hgfnfO{ dfl]tofljGb'

kmn]f k/s ] f] lyof] . dfl]tofljGbs ' f ;a} lj/fdLx?sf] cfv F f c:ktfn agk]fdf lgzN's zNolqmof ul/Psf] 5 . cfOt{af/ zNolqmof u/L lj/fdLx? 3/ kmlsP{sf 5g\ . gk]fnL ;g]f, gdfa]4' gu/kflnsf / cfv F f c:ktfnn] pknAw u/fPsf] ;j]faf6 cfkmx'? vz ' L ePsf] lj/fdLx?n] atfPsf 5g\ . cfv F f c:ktfnn] lhNnfsf ljleGg :yfg tyf cf;kf;sf lhNnfx?df ;dt] lgz'Ns lzlj/ cfof]hgf u/L dfl]tofljGbs ' f lj/fdLx?sf] lgzN's zNolqmof ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . /fhwfgL pkTosf;F u hf]l8Psf] sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfsf] ag]kf gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] /]o'sfO{ cfFvf c:ktfn g]kfns} gd'gf c:ktfnsf ?kdf lrlgg yfn]sf] 5 . k|ljlwo'Qm c:ktfndf zNolqmof ug{ k'j{ k|wfgdGqL :j= z'lzn sf]O{/fnf k|wfgdGqL ePs} avt c:ktfn cfPsf lyP . g]kfnsf ljlzi6 AolQmx?n] pkrf/ u/fO{/x]sf] c:ktfnn] g]kfnd} afnaflnsf b]lv g} cfFvfdf x'g] ljleGg vfnsf /f]ux?sf] sdL ug{ / cfFvfsf] ;'/Iff ug{] cleofg z'? ub{} cfPsf] 5 .

w'lnv]n÷;b/d'sfddf l6«k/af6 x'g] b'36{ gf Go"lgs/0f ug{ 5nkmn cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . 5nkmndf efu lng l6«k/ Aoj;foL ;+3sf kbflwsf/Lx? k|x/L sfof{no leq k|jz ] ub{} lyP . k|x/Lsf] ;]6df aHof] l6«k/n] ag]kfsf] rf]sd} dfG5] df¥of] . xtf/ xtf/ afUdlt l6«k/ Aoj;foL ;+3sf cWoIf z]/axfb'/ s'jF /n] l6«k/ / ulNt s;sf] < kQf nufpg eGb} lyP . k|x/Ln] eGof]–…k|fO{e6] gDa/ Kn]6 ePsf] af @ v #(#$ gDj/sf] ag]kfsf sdn >]i7sf] gfddf /lx lbkf >L sG6«S;gdf sfd ug{] l6«k/ ;fFufaf6 w'lnv]n tkm{ cfpFb} ubf{ c/lgsf] /fhdfu{sf] ag]kf & rf]sd} jf *# k %)&& gDj/sf] df]6/;fO{snnfO{ 7Ss/ lbFbf gdf]a4' gu/kflnsf & vgfnyf]s 3/ eO{ ljkL /fhdfu{sf] gf}lj;]df df]6/;fO{sn js{zk ub{} cfPsf %& alif{o lhtaxfb'/ tfdfªsf] lgwg eof] .Ú cfqmfl]zt le8n] l6k«/ rfns gj'fsf6] lhNnf ljb/' gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ !

3/ ePsf @( jifs { f ;w'g >i]7nfO{ cfqmd0fsf] ko|f; u/s ] f] lyof] . kx|/Lsf] lj6 leq ns ' s ] f rfnsnfO{ le8n] cfqmd0f u/s ] f] lyof] . ;fl]x le8n] l6k/nfO{ cfuf] nufO{ lbof] . l6k/ hn/] Wj:t eof] . kx|/Ln] cfuf] lgoGq0f u/] klg l6k/ sfd nfUg] cj:yfdf 5g} . sl]x ;ftf cl3 dfq} e;}k]f6Ldf l6k/n] df6]/;fOs { nnfO{ 7Ss/ lbbFf df6]/;fOs { n ;jf/ bO'{ hgf 3fOt{] ePsf lyP . lhNnf kx|/Ln] b3'6{gf Gol"gs/0fsf nflu kx|/L lgl/Ifs lbksd'f/ /fosf] ;o+fh]sTjdf & ;bl:oo

;ldlt u7g u/s ] f] 5 . ;ldltdf lhNnf 6f«lkms kx|/L sfofn{o sfes ]| f kd|v ' kx|/L lgl/Ifs lgzi]f rfkfufO{ nufot /xs ] f 5g\ . kx|/L kd|v ' P;kL /lj/fh v8s \ fsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] cGtl{qmof sfoq{mddf l6k«/ b3'6{gfsf] af:tljs sf/0f, rfnsx?sf] cj:yf, ef/jxg Ifdtf l6k«/sf] cj:yf, ;8ssf] cj:yf / ult, ;jf/Lsf] oflGqs cj:yf / rfnssf] zfl/l/s / dfgl;s cj:yfsf] af/d]f ;e'mfj lnOP{sf] lyof] . l6k«/ Aoj;foL ;3+sf cWoIf z/]axfb/' sjF'/n] ;jf/L rfns cgd'lt kq ;xh gePsf,] cgd'lt lnb} kl|zIf0f lbg' kg,]{ rfnsx?sf] ;V+of yf/]} ePsf,] WjgL kb|i'{f0f a9g\,] /fltsf] ;dodf dfq} l6k«/ rnfpbFf emg} b3'6{gf a9g\] ;e'mfj lbPsf lyP . l6k«/ Aoj;foL ;3+sf ;lrj kd]| nfdfn] /fhwfgLdf bl}gs !^ ;o k6s l6k«/x? ;fuFfaf6 leqbFf ;jf/L w/]} ePsf sf/0f b3'6{gf ePsf] atfP . rfnsx?nfO{ kl|zIf0f gku's ] f] atfpbF} nfdfn] df6]/;fOs { n nufot cGo ;jf/L ;fwgx?af6 ePsf] b3'6{gf Gol"gs/0f ug'{ kg]{ atfP .

5nkmndf lhNnf 6«flkms k|x/L sfof{no sfe|s ] f k|dv ' lgz]if rfkfufO{n] cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷@)&% df %# j6f ;jf/L b'3{6gf ePsf]df @@ j6f 36gfdf l6«k/sf sf/0f 5g\ . h;sf sf/0f @@ hgf dWo] ( hgfsf] l6«k/s} sf/0f lgwg ePsf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{ ^% b'3{6gfdf @& j6f l6«k/sf sf/0f b'3{6gf ePsf] lyof] . ^% hgfsf] lgwg ePsf]df !# hgf l6«k/sf sf/0f Hofg u'dfpg k'u]sf lyP . lhNnfdf 6fO{d sf8{sf] k|of]u kl5 b'3{6gfdf sdL ePsf] atfP .

a'8f]n ;fd'bflos art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]kf–^, a'8f]nsf]

C0f r'Qmf ug{] af/] #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg ldlt M @)&%÷)$÷!) o; ;+:yfaf6 C0f lng'ePsf] tkl;n adf]lhdsf] tkfOF C0fLx?n] C0f lnFbf u/L lbPsf] lnvt -td;'s_ sf] zt{dftf]lsP cg';f/ a'emfpg' kg{] ;fFjf, Aofh /sd ga'emfO{ efvf ;d]t g3fO{ C0f lnFbf u/]sf] zt{ sj'lnotsf] pNn+3g u/]sf] / ;+:yfaf6 df}lvs, lnlvt / JolQmut e]63f6 åf/f k6s–k6s t/tfs]tf ubf{ ;d]t ;f]sf] s'g} jf:tf gu/L C0fsf] ;fFjf, Jofhe'QmfgL ug{] tkm{ s'g} tbf?stf gb]vfO{ ;+:yfnfO{ ltg'{ a'emfpg' kg]{ /sdx? glt/]sf] ga'emfPsf]n] jfWotfj; of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% lbg leq o; ;+:yfnfO{ cfkm'n] a'emfpg afFsL /x]sf] ;fFjf, Aofh, xhf{gf / cGo b}b:t'/ ;lxtsf] ;Dk"0f{ /sd Psd'i7 a'emfpg ;"lrt ul/G5 . ;f] Dofb leq klg e'QmfgL ug{ afFsL /sd o; ;+:yfnfO{ ga'emfO{ cfn6fn u/]df ;+:yfsf] C0f gLlt cg';f/ k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd lwtf] lnnfd ;DaGwL k|s[of ckgfO{ ;Dk"0f{ n]gf /sd c;'n pk/ ul/g] Joxf]/f C0fL, hdfgL stf{ nufot ;DalGwt ;a}nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . tklzn

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pBd Joj;fo / ;xsf/L aLrsf] ;DjGw :jefj}n] klg dflg; cfkm\gf] as{tn] EofP ;Dd w]/} eGbf w]/} cfocfh{g ug{ rfxG5 . p;sf] nIo g} c? eGbf cfkm'n] s;/L cfDbfgLdf a[l4 ug{ ;sG5 eGg] s'/fsf] vf]hL ub{5 . s'g}klg Joj;foaf6 cfocfh{g tyf nfe jf clwstd d'gfkmfsf] cfwf/ klg xf] . dflgsf] lhljsfsf] cfwf/ eg]sf] pBd xf] . d'gfkmf Tof] a]nf ;Dej x'G5 h'g u'0f:t/Lo a:t'sf] pTkfbg tyf ;]jf;Fu a9L ;DjlGwt eP/ ahf/df cfpF5 . hf] sf]lx klg pBdL aGgsf nflu 1fg ;Lk >d k"FhL hldg tyf k|ljlw, ;do, nufgL ;lxt ahf/sf] k|lt:kwf{ ;d]tnfO{ Wofgdf /flv cuf8L a9fO/x]sf] x'g' kb{5 . s'g}klg pBd÷Jojf;fox? ;~rfng ug{sf nflu ;f]r dfq eP/ k'Ub}g p ;Fu Ifdtf, tyf u'0f b'j} x'g h?/L x'G5 . o:tf] 1fg gePsf] v08df s'g}klg pBd w/f;oL x'g] ;Defjgf x'G5 . dflg;n] h] sfd ubf{ klg ;DjlGwt sfdsf] ;du| kIfsf] af/]df laZn]if0f ub}{ ;lx lg0f{o lng ;Sg'kb{5 . Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{sf nflu s]lx ge} gx'g] laifox? klg 5g\ h; cGt{ut ;a}eGbf klxnf pBdLn] cfkm\gf] O{R5f zlQmnfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ cuf8L a9fpg' g} a'l4dflg x'G5 O{R5f eg]sf] csf{n] u/]sf] b]v]/ Joj;fo ug{ dg nfUg' xf] Joj;fo u5'{ eg]/ dg nfu]/ dfq x'b}g o;/L gt nIo g} k"0f{ x'G5 . o;sf nflu w]/} s'/fsf] rfFhf]kfFhf] ldNg'kb{5 . ;Fu;Fu} pQm pBd ;~rfngsf nflu cfkm\gf] rfxgfnfO{ :yfoL ?kdf cl8u agfpg' a'l4dfgL x'G5 . rfxgf eg]sf] dg b]lv sfd u/f}+ u/f}+ nfUg' xf] . pBd Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{sf nflu cem} ge} gx'g] kIf eg]sf] hxfF h'g Joj;fo ug{sf nflu xfdL tof/ x'G5f}+ Tof] kIf jf Joj;fosf ;a} eGbf klxnf cfkm\gf] 3/kl/jf/df 3lge"t ?kdf 5nkmn ub}{ tof/Lsf ;fy cuf8L a9\g'kb{5 . Joj;fo ;~rfng stf{sf] ?kdf hf] JolQm /xG5 p ljleGg sf/0fn] ubf{ cfkm\gf] Joj;fo 5f]8]/ aflx/ st} hfg;kg]{ cj:yfdf jf uPsf] v08df 3/kl/jf/n] pQm Joj;fox?nfO{ ;kmntfsf ;fy p;sf] 3/sf cGo ;b:on] s'zntfk"j{s ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg] / ;xof]u ug{ ;Sg] cj:yfdf /fVg'kg]{ sf/0fn] klg kl/jf/sf] ;xof]usf] cfjZostf kb{5 . csf{sf] e/df u/]sf] Joj;fo bLuf] ?kdf rNg sl7g x'G5 . Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{sf nflu cfwf/e"t ?kdf cfjZos s'/fx? dWo] jftfj/0fLo kIf klg xf] .

Joj;fosf] k|s[lt x]/L pQm :yndf cfjZos kg]{ alQ, xfjf kflg, ef}lts k"jf{wf/, ahf/ h:tf kIfsf] ljZn]if0f ug'{ klg pko"Qm dflgG5 . Joj;fo ;~rfng ubf{ ljljw kIfx?sf] Vofn gubf{ w]/} eGbf w]/} kIfx?sf] cgfjZos ?kdf ;d:of em]Ng' eGbf klxnf g} pQm kIfx?df cfwf/e"t ?kdf Vofn ub}{ hfg' /fd|f] dflgG5 . Joj;fon] dflg;x?sf ljljw kIfx?;Fu ;fOgf] ufF;]sf] x'G5 o;f] ePsf] x'Fbf hxfF jf h'g :yfgdf xfdLn] xfd|f Joj;fosf sfo{x? ;~rfng ub{5f}+ k|ToIf ?kdf pQm If]q;Fu ;DjlGwt eO{ ;fF:s[lt ?kdf pQm kIfn] kfg]{ k|efjx?sf af/]df ;d]t Vofn ub}{ Joj;fonfO{ klxNofpg' kb{5 . o:tf] laifo ;'Gbf ;fgfltgf laifo h:tf] nfUg' :jefljs} xf] t/ o;n] kl5 uP/ las/fn ?k lng;Sb5 / kl5 Joj;fo g} ;vfk x'g] vt/f a9\g ;Sb5 . x'gt Joj;fo pBdx? ;~rfng ubf{ Joj;flos of]hgf agfP/ dfq ul/Psf w]/} pbfx/0fx? kfO{G5g t/klg o;n] ;du| kIfsf] laZn]if0f ;d]t u/]sf] x'G5 . Jojl:yt ?kdf o;/L sfo{x? ;~rfng ubf{ gfkmf tyf 3f6f ;d]tsf] o;n] ljZn]if0f ;d]t u/]sf] x'G5 g} t/ klg :yfgLo ?kdf o:tf kIfx? klg x'G5g h;df w]/} larf/ ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . To;}n] s'g}klg AolQm jf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n] cfkm\gf z]o/ ;b:ox?nfO{ C0f nufgL ubf{ xf]; jf z]o/ ;b:ox?n] cfkm\gf] pBd tyf Joj;fox? ;~rfng ubf{ xf]; Joj;flosf] Joj;fo ;~rfng ug]{ O{R5f, rfxgf, kfl/jf/Ls ;xof]u, :yfgLo ;fF:s[lts kIfsf] ljZn]if0f, jftfj/0fLo kIf, tyf gfkmf gf]S;fg / k|ljlwsf kIfx?nfO{ ;d]t Vofn ub}{ C0f nufgL, Joj;fo s]lGb|t ub}{ cuf8L a9fpg ;s]sf] v08df pko"{Qm x'G5 . ;xsf/L pBd ;b:od"lv tyf ;]jfd"vL jf hgd"vL g} xf] . d'gfkmf lagf o:tf Joj;fox? bLuf] x'g ;Sb}gg . To;}n] o:tf] Joj;fodf Gof]lrt Jo;fo, u'0f:t/Lotf, j:t' tyf ;]jf pTkfbg / g}ltstf h:tf laifodf tlNng /xg' kb{5 . ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n] laleGg If]qdf ljleGg Joj;fox? ;~rfng ug{ / u/fpg cfkm\gf z]o/ ;b:ox?nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug'{kb{5 . cfkm\gf j/Lk/Lsf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s, ;fF:s[lts tyf k|fljlws kIfx?nfO{ Vofn ub}{ cfkm\gf sfo{ If]q leq s[lif, pBf]u, a}+ls+u, lzIff, :jf:Yo, oftfoft tyf ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/sf If]q km/flsnf] x'g ;S5 . z]o/ ;b:ox?sf] 1fg, v'aL, bVvn cg'ej h:tf kIfx?sf] Vofn ub}{ ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n] cfkm\gf z]o/ ;b:ox?nfO{ ;lx af6f] b]vfpgsf nflu dfu{ k|z:t ub}{ bLuf] ?kdf cuf8L a9fpg] dGq lbg ;Sg'kb{5 . dflg;x?n] ljleGg vfnsf :jefjsf sf/0f Joj;fodf xft xfNg] sf]lz; ub{5 h; cg';f/ p;sf] k'vf{n] ub}{ cfO/x]sf] pBd Joj;fosf cfwf/, u/Lx]/f} e} xfN5 eGg] ;f]r, ljleGg tflnd tyf k|lzIf0fsf bf}/fg cfpg] ;f]r cGo If]qdf ePsf jf ul/Psf Joj;fosf k|s[ltsf cfwf/x?df cfkm\gf] Joj;fox? ;'? ug{ rfx]sf w]/} pbfx/0fx?

5g\ . g]kfndf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n] ug]{ u/]sf s]lx pBd Joj;fox? ; ;fgf vfnsf g} ePsf] kfO{G5 . ;+o"Qm /fi6;+3 Aofkf/ tyf ljsf; kl/ifbn] sd{rf/L ;+Vofsf cfwf/df Joj;fonfO{ jlu{s/0f u/]sf] kfO{G5 . h; cg';f/ !( hgf ;Ddsf] sd{rf/Lx? /x]/ sfo{ ug{ ;Sg] cj:yfsf] Joj;fonfO{ n3' tyf w]/} ;fgf], @) b]lv !)) hgf ;Ddsf] Joj;fonfO{ ;fgf], !)! b]lv %)) hgf ;Dd sd{rf/L ePsf] demf}nf tyf %)) eGbf a9L sfdbf/ ePsf] Joj;fonfO{ 7"nf] Joj;fosf] ?kdf auL{s/0f u/]sf] 5 . Joj;fonfO{ klg cfly{s pGgtLsf] b[li6sf]00faf6 k4tLsf] lx;fjn] auL{s/0f u/]sf] kfO{G5 . h; cg';f/ Joj;flo dfly k|ltjGw u/]sf] lx;fjn] lglh If]q, Joj;flo dfly ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj /x]sf] ;fj{hlgs -;/sf/L _ If]q tyf ;xsf/L If]qx?nfO{ auL{s/0f u/]sf] kfO{G5 . Joj;fo ÷pBd / ;xsf/L aLrsf] ;DjGw dfly pNn]v ul/P cg';f/ w]/} /x]sf] k|i6} x'G5 . cfly{s cj:yfsf sf/0f dflg;x?n] cfkm'n] ;f]r]sf] h:tf] w]/} lqmofsnfkx? ug{ kfO/x]sf x'b}gg\ . s'g} klg sfo{x? ;~rfng ug{sf nflu k|ofKt k"hL klxnf] cfjZostf g} xf] . cg'ej 5 sfd u5'{ eGbf klg cfwf/e"t ?kdf sfd ug{sf nflu k};fsf] hf]xf] ug{ g;Sbf dgdf nfu]sf cglulGt sfdx? ;dodf g} x'g ;Sb}gg / dg leqsf] cfkm\gf] ljZjf; g} d/]/ hfg] ;Ddsf] cj:yf l;h{gf eO{ dfG5] s'l07t x'gk'U5 . eg]sf] a]nfdf ;lhn} cfkm\gf z]o/ ;b:ox?nfO{ lj:jf;sf cfwf/df C0f k|bfg ug{sf nflu cGo a}+s tyf lalQo ;+:yfx? eGbf ;xsf/L ;+:yf ;a} eGbf ;lhnf] dfWod xf] . ;xsf/L ;+:yf leq w]/} ;b:ox?n] o;sf] k|ToIf kmfObf ;d]t lnO/x]sf] w]/} pbfx/0fx? kfO{G5g\ . Joj;fo ;'? ug{sf nflu jf ;'? e};s]kl5 klg To;sf] ;d'lrt pkof]u tyf k|of]u / ;~rfngsf ;dodf ;]jf tyf Joj;fo lj:tf/df ;xsf/L ;+:yfn] ;xof]u u/]sf] kfO{G5 . ;xsf/L ;+:yfn] klg Joj;fo k|s[ltsf cfwf/df C0f nufgL ug{sf nflu cj;/sf] ?kdf l:jsf/ u/L/x]sf] kfpFb5f}+ lsg eg] o:tf vfnsf nufgLdf ;+:yf klg ;'/lIft x'g] ;Defjgf a9L g} b]lvG5 . clwsf+z z]o/ ;b:ox?n] C0f ln+bf p2]Zox? h] ;'s} /fv]klg /sd cGoq} vr{ u/]sf] / C0fsf] ls:tf tyf ;fFjf e"QmfgLdf w]/} ;d:ofx? kb}{ uPsf] w]/} pbfx/0fx? b]lvG5g\ ;xsf/L ;+:yfn] Joj;fosf] If]qdf nufgL ubf{ pQm Joj;fosf] Joj;flos of]hgf ;lxt p;sf] cfkm\gf] nufgL tyf ;xsf/Laf6 lnPsf] C0fsf] ;d]t of]ubfg ;lxtsf] ljZn]if0f u/]sf] x'G5 .

To;}n] ;xsf/L ;+:yf :yfgLo :t/df :yfgLo AolQmx? dfkm{t g} ;~rfng eO cfkm\gf] sfo{ If]qleq dfq sfo{ ul//x]sf sf/0f klg Ps csf{df lj:jf; tyf lhDd]jf/L ;d]t alnof] x'g] sf/0f klg nufgLsf] ;'lglZrttf eO{ ;xsf/L tyf Joj;flox?nfO{ b'j} lj:jfl;nf] cfwf/ ;xsf/L g} xf] eGg] xf] . ;xsf/Lsf] sfo{ If]q leq /x]/ Joj;fo ;'? ul/;s]kl5 pQm Joj;fosf] ;]jf lng / ;b:ox? aLr ;d'lrt ;DjGw ;'wf/ ub}{ Joj;fonfO{ d'gfkmf ;lxtsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg z]o/ ;b:o tyf ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] k'/} l6d g} ;lqmo /xg] / ckgTj u|x0f ;d]t ug{sf nflu tof/ /xg] sf/0fn] ubf{ klg ;xsf/L / Joj;fo Ps csf{sf k'/s x'g eGg ;lsG5 .

To;}n] ;xsf/Ldf cfa4 z]o/ ;b:ox?n] cfh} b]lv Joj;fo d"ns C0f pkof]u ub}{ cfkm' / cfkm\gf ;GttLsf] elj:onfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu Joj;fo ;'? u/f}+ / ;xsf/Ln] ;d]t Joj;fonfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstfdf /flv cfkm\gf z]o/ ;b:osf] pGgtL tyf k|utLsf nflu of]hgf lgdf{0f u/f}+ eGg] cfwf/df ;xsf/L ;+:yf ;~rfngdf cfpg' kb{5 .

!)

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

jif{ @$ c+s #( @)&% ;fpg !) ut] ljxLjf/

ag]kfsf] ;d[l4df Pp6f gof“ cfofd kf;fª z]kf{ sfe|] lhNnfsf] cToGt} ;'Gb/ ahf/ ag]kfsf] rrf{ ug'{ kbf{ Joj;flos lx;fan] k'/} sfe|] lhNnf el/s} lgldQ k|d'v s]Gb| ljGb' dfq geP/ /fd]5fk, l;Gw'kfNrf]s, bf]nvf lhNnfsf] lgjf;Lx? hf] rLgsf] l;dfgf lt/ a;f]af; ug{] g]kfnL gful/sx?sf] cfwf/e't cfjZostfsf ljljw ;fdfgx?, vfBfGgx? nufot lgdf0f{ ;fdfu|L cfk"lt{ ug{] Pp6f 7"nf] e08f/÷kfgL kf]v/L h:t} xf] . oxfF vf;u/L sfe|] l;Gw'kfNrf]s bf]nvf / /fd]5fk lhNnfsf Jofkf/L÷Joj;foLx?n] h'g;'s} ;fdfgx? yf]sdf n]gb]g ug{] d'sfd xf] / oxfF k|foh;f] yf]s ljqm]tf k;nx? w]/} kfOG5 . ag]kf ahf/nfO{ k/fk"js { fndf alGbsfk'/ eg]/ hflgGYof] oxfFsf] P]ltxfl;s w/f]x/ dftf r08]Zj/Lsf] dlGb/ xf] . olx dlGb/sf] sf/0fn] Ps Ps ag]kfnLsf] x/]s k|Togx?df l;l4 ldn]sf] 5 / x/]s kl/jf/ hGd r08]Zj/Lsf] cflz{jfbsf sf/0f s'zn d+un agfO/fv]sf] 5 . To;}sf/0f oxfFsf] lgjf;Lx?sf] ljrdf ;fdflhs ;f}xfb{tf eft[Tj cfk;L efO{rf/f Hofb} pTs[i6 k/f]ksf/L cfr/0f ePsf w]/} ;dfh;]jL kfqx? Oltxf; b]vL cfh;Dd klg plQs} hfu?s eO/x]sf] b]Vg kfOG5 . x'g t o:tf] zlQmkL7x? sfe|] lhNnfdf w]/} 5g\ tyflk k|To]s ag]kfnLn] of] d]/f] df}lnstf xf] eg]/ ;fFlRrs} uj{ ug{ ;Sg] cf:yfsf] dxfg w/f]x/ eg]sf] olx r08]Zj/L dftf xf] . vf;u/L dlxdf ug{'kg{] ljz]iftf eg]sf] cfkm\gf] cg'ofoL eQmx?nfO{ ;b}j ;b\dfu{{df nflu /xg k|]/0ff k|bfg u/]/ Pskl5 csf]{ ;kmntf pGd'v agfO{ /xg] / of] b]jLsf] eQmx?nfO{ s:t} u/L s;}n] klg ljrlnt agfpg g;Sg] k"0f{ ?ksf] cnf}lss j/bfg÷zlQmn] o'St /x]sf] 5 . of] s'/fsf] k'li6 ug{] ;l6s b[i6fGt eg]sf] lz/ d]df]l/on c:ktfn xf] . r08]Zj/L dftf ;Dk"0f{ ag]kfnLsf] k||ltlglwTj ub{} k/+t' clnslt klg ljrlnt geO{sg lj/flht /lxg\ . ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLsf] uf}/a ag]/, cf:yfsf] s]Gb| ag]/, d'6'sf] w8\sg ag]/ x/]s :jfledfgsf] klxrfg ag]/ af}4gfysf] If]qdf pld|Psf]

jv{]Rofp h:tf] rr{x?sf] dfWodaf6 ;fDk|bflos ;f}xfb{tf ljyf]ln+b} ;lbof}F zfGt tnfp h:t} ldn]/ j;]sf] g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{ hftLhftLx?sf] ljrdf kvf{n jgfO{ 5]s]/ b/f/ k}bf ug{] lg/Gt/ sf]lz; ub{} /x]sf] b]lvG5 . tyflk r08]Zj/L dfO{sf] ;'/Iff sjhnfO{ oltsf jif{;Dd 6;sf d; ug'{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ xfdL ;a}n] uj{ ug'{kg{] ljifo olx xf] . r08]Zj/L ag]kfnLsf] zfg xf] eg] ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLn] uj{ ug{] cfwf/ xf] . xfd|f] k'vf{n] ;[li6 ul//fv]sf] dxfg ;Dkbf xf] . t]lQ;sf]6L b]jtfx?sf] jf;:yfgsf] ?kdf kl/lrt xhf/f}F zlQmkL7x? /x]sf] 5 b]z} el/df . To;df klg r08]Zj/L ljz]if k'hgLo / ul/dfn] o'Qm 5 . h;n] ag]kfnfO{ lgZro g} zf]efodfg agfPsf] 5 / ag]kf eGbf aflx/sf] >4fn' xfdL eQmhgx?sf] nfuL ;b}j knkndf u'gu'gfP/ k|/] 0ff lng] df}lnstf jg]sf] 5 . jg]kf jhf/sf] ;ldkaf6 aUg] r08]Zj/L vf]nf, sfF8f] vf]nf / k'0odftf vf]nfx? /x]sf 5g\ To;dWo] klg r08]Zj/L vf]nfsf] dlxdf Hofb} pRrsf]l6sf] /x]sf] 5 . lsgsL dftf r08]Zj/Lsf] sfvaf6 ju]/ cfpg] ePsfn] / o;sf] tNnf] efu hxfF k'0odftfsf] ;+ud :yndf d[t dfgjx?sf] bfx;+:sf/ ul/g] ePsf] x'bF f of] r08]Zj/L vf]nf ;fdfGo vf]nf geP/ of] ef/t jif{sf s]xL u+ufx? gj{bf h:t}, sfj]/L l;Gw' h:t}, kljq / Hofb} dlxdfk"0f{ 5 . x/]s AolQmsf] j}s0' 7sf] ofqf olx vf]nfsf] lsgf/af6 cf/De x'G5 . oxfF nf]snfO{ 5f]8/] k/nf]ssf] nflu cfkm\gf] uGtJo lgZro u/]sf x/]s ;dfh;]jL, j'l4hLjL, /fhg]tf, wfld{s ;Gt, dxGt hf] sf]xL eP klg . dnfO{ nfU5 r08]Zj/L gfdsf] vf]nf w]/} klxnf b]vL g} cToGt} lgd{n lgZrn / b'uG{ w /lxt clj/n ju]sf] :jR5 ;kmf x'gk' g{] lyof] . hxfF leIf', eGt], ;Gof;L, tk:jL, 1fgL Clif d'lgx?sf] lgldQ Wofg ug{] 7fpFsf] ?kdf l;Gw' sfj]/L h:t} dxTjsf] x'gkg{] lyof] hnwf/f ;fdfGo ePtf klg . ;fob kl5Nnf] lbgdf r08]Zj/L dftfnfO{ c;Xo eP/ xf]nf uPsf] cfd lgjf{rgdf ef/L jx'dtn] jf:tjd} ;+kbfk|d] L, ljsfzk|d] L g]tfx? h:tf] ;j{hg lxtfo x]t' cxf]/fq nfuL kg{] cf]h:jL JolQmTjx?nfO{ r'gfj lhtfpg'df ;fob x/]s dtbftfsf] w8\sgdf r08]Zj/L dftfsf] cg'sDk /x]sf] x'g' k5{ . kmn:j?k cToflws ax'dtn] jxfFx? ljho x'ge' of] / jg]kfsf] ;d[l4df dxTkk"0f{ of]ubfg lbg] kljq p2]Zon] of] kljq u+ufsf] sl/8f]/ lgdf{0fdf :yfgLo ;/sf/sf k|ltlglwx? h'6s ] f] b]Vg kfpFbf of] k+lQmsf/ Hofb} pT;fxL ePsf] 5 . ag]kfsf] ;f}Gbo{nfO{ ;+f:s[lts lx;fjn] / j}1flgs tyf kof{j/0fLo lx;fjn] klg zf]efodfg jgfP/ ;d[l4sf] uug r'Dg] 5 . d]/f] JolQmut ;'emfj s] 5 eg]

C0f r'Qmf ug{ cfpg] af/]sf] cToGt h?/L ;'rgf -k|sflzt ldlt M–@)&%÷)$÷!)_ o; ;+:yfaf6 shf{ sf/f]af/ u/]sf lgDgfg';f/sf C0fL ;b:on]] pNn]lvt zt{ aGb]h adf]lhd Dofb ;dfKt eO{ efvf gf3]sf]df C0fL tyf hdfgt bftfx?nfO{ ;+:yfn] af/Daf/ df}lvs tyf lnlvt tfs]tf u/]/ ;Dks{df cfpg ljz]if cg'/f]w ubf{ub}{ klg ;+:yfsf] cg'/f]wnfO{ j]jf:tf ub}{ c;xof]u / x]nr]qmfO{ u/]sf] 7x/ ePsf]n] o;} ;'rgfnfO{ cfwf/dfgL of] ;'rgf k|sflzt ldltn] !% lbg leq ;+:yfdf clgjfo{ ;Dks{ /flv cfˆgf] C0fsf] x/lx;fa u/L a'emfpg afFls ;fFjf tyf Jofh r'Qmf ug{'x'g ljif]z cg'/f]w ul/G5 . cGoyf C0fL tyf hdfgt bftfx?nfO{ ;+:yfsf] ljlgdo, C0fsf zt{x? tyf ;xsf/L P]g, gLlt lgod cg'?k sfjf{xLsf] k|s[of cuf8L a9fO{ afFls aSof}tf c;'n pk/ ul/g] Joxf]/f cjut u/fpFb5f}F .

of] u+ufdf a? st}jf6 ;Dej ePdf s]lx yk kfgL jufP/ hnr/sf] jf;:yfgsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug'{k5{ o;sf] lsgf/sf] 7fpF 7fpFdf o'un hf]8Lx?n] ;do Joltt ug{] / d]l86]zg Wofg ug{] kfs{x? / u'?s'n k9fpg] k|lti7fgx? lgdf{0f ug'{k5{ tfsL jf}l4s ;d'bfosf] lgldQ klg P]ltxfl;s dxTj /x]sf] cWogsf] ljifo jGg ;sf];\ . sf7df8f}s F f] jfUdtLdf jgfPsf] sl/8f]/ eGbf klg ljz]if Jojl:yt ug'k{ 5{ r08]Zj/L sl/8f]/ Tof] eg]sf] of] u+ufdf st}af6 9nsf] kmf]xf]/ kfgLx? sf/vfgf 7'nf] xf]6n pBf]ux?af6 lg:s]sf] /;fogo'St kfgLx? ld;fpg' x'bF g} / of] gbLsf] jl/k/L cfjf; tyf s'g} k|lti7fg sn sf/vfgf lgdf{0f ug{] Joj;foLx?nfO{ clgjfo{ kmf]xf]/ kfgL Joj:yfkgsf] ;+/rgf, ;]km\6L 6}s + jgfpgsf] nfuL clgjfo{ ug'k{ 5{ . 7fpF–7fpFdf kmf]xf]/ kfgL k|zf]wg s]Gb|x? jf6/ l6«6d]G6 KnfG6x? jgfpg' nufpg'k5{ To;sf] nfuL gu/kflnsfn] k|fljlws ;xof]u lbg'k5{ . #% k|ltzt;Dd cfly{s ;xof]u lbg] Joj:yf ug'k{ 5{ . sl/8f]/sf] /f]8 ;fO{8df slDtdf @ ld6/ u|Lgj]N6 jgfpg' k5{ / Tof] j]N6df /fd|f /fd|f ?vx? ljleGg km'nx? / s]xL @)—%) ld6/sf] b'l/df /ftsL /fgL OGb|sdn h:tf ;'uGw k|jfx ug{] km'nx? /f]lkg' k5{ . of] u+ufdf a? st}jf6 ;Dej ePdf s]lx yk kfgL jufP/ hnr/sf] jf;:yfgsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug'k{ 5{ o;sf] lsgf/sf] 7fpF 7fpFdf o'un hf]8Lx?n] ;do Joltt ug{] / d]l86]zg Wofg ug{] kfs{x? / u'?s'n k9fpg] k|lti7fgx? lgdf{0f ug'k{ 5{ tfsL jf}l4s ;d'bfosf] lgldQ klg P]ltxfl;s dxTj /x]sf] cWogsf] ljifo jGg ;sf];\ . of] sl/8f]/sf] ljsf; x'bF } ubf{

jf:tljs jg]kfsf] z]if sfosNk x'g5 ] , r/d pGglt x'g] g} 5 . dftf r08]ZJf/Lsf] cflz{jfbn] Ps Ps ag]kfnLsf] efUof]bo x'g5 ] . k'jL{o bz{gdf lglxt a}l4s k2tL cg';f/ klg vf]nf gbLx? g} ;Eotfsf] pb\ud xf] / gbL ;+:s[ltsf] hggL xf] o;y{{ of] gbL ;Dkbfsf] ;d'lrt ;+/If0f ;Dj4{g ug'{ jfG5lgo 5 . wtL{df hxfF hxfF ddtfdoL dfF r08]Zj/L h:tf] b]jLx? lj/fhdfg x'G5, xf] Tolx k'0oe"ld xf] To;y{ o;sf] cgGtsfnLg ;+/If0f vflt/ x/]sn] of]ubfg ug'{ kb{5 . lo cGoGt} cg'kd / cg's/0fLo 5 . ag]kfdf lg/Gt/ ul/g] sGof k'hfnfO{ cGoq klg lj:tf/ ug'{ cjZoDefjL 5 lsgeg] of] j}lbs ;gftgdf cfwfl/t dft[ zlStsf] k'hg ul/g] ;+:s[tL Hofb} k|z;+ lgo / cg's/0fLo /x]sf] 5. kf|rLg jl}bs ;gftg wds { f cg;'f/ hnr/,] ynr/,] jfor'/] eg/] dGqfr]/0f ul/G5 eg] kf|rLgsfnLg jl}bs dfGotf / hl}js k4lt÷lgod dt'fljs klg r08Z]j/L vfn]fh:tf] kljq uu+fdf j?0f bj]tf lglxt xG'5g\ / o;s } f/0f hn ;dfP/ lktn[fO{ tk0{f lbOG{5 . zi]fgfusf] z/L/sf] cfsf/df afËlub} ;fl]embF} gfuan]L cfsf/df jus ] f] of] kljq r08Z]j/LnfO{ Hofb} :jR5 ;kmf /fvL clj/n jUg' lbgk'5{ eGg] s/'f ;jn}fO{ xS]sf eO/xf;]\ . sj]n ;f+:sl[ts dxTjsf] kIfdf clnslt rrf{ u/s ] f] dfq xF' .

ag]kf ^ /ftdf6]df 9n lgdf{0f ag]kf÷ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f g+= ^ sf] /ftdf6]l:yt sf]N8 :6f]/b]lv w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] l;dfgf;Ddsf] af6f]df 9n lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;f] af6f]df 9n lgdf{0f eP;Fu} sl/a ^% 3/w'/L nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ . j8f sfof{nosf] ! nfv (^ xhf/ cfly{s ;xof]u / :yfgLo pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6 ^ nfv &$ xhf/ gub ;+sng ePsf] ePsf] lyof] . s'n /sd dWo] * nfv #^ xhf/ ( ;o % ?k}of vr{ ePsf] 9n lgdf{0f pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf ;lrj 1fg]Gb| nfdfn] atfP . o:t} 9n lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nflu sf7df08f}+ ljZj ljBfnon] ^ l6k, sfe|] kfFrvfn sf]N8 :6f]/af6 % l6k, a]n/ :s"n, lIflth :s'n, / sfe|] df=lj= :s"nn] @÷@ l6k / uf]N8]g l;4fy{ :s"n, lng :s"n / >Lv08 dfu{ lkr lgdf{0f ;ldltn] !÷! lkr u|fe]n ;xof]u u/]sf] ;ldltsf cWoIf k|]d a}bf/n] hfgsf/L lbP .

;jf/L ;fwg lwtf]sf] ljj/0f M– ;jf/L btf{ g+= M– gf # v %^$! ;jf/Lsf] lsl;d M– ef8f a; Rofl;; g+= M– $!@)&#HS*!@*^)@ OlGhg g+= M–&)H^@%(^%(&

hUuf lwtf]sf] ljj/0f M– lhNnf M– bf]nvf uf=lj=;= M– nfs'/L8fF8f j8f g++ M– ( lsQf g+= M– !)%& If]qkmn M– ))!&) a=ld=

gf]a]n art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]kf–&, sfe|]

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

hGd M !((*.!).!%

:juf{/f]x0fM @)&%.$.%

:j= s]bf/gfy cjf ag]kf gu/kflnsf ;fljs j8f g+= @ sf k"j{ j8f cWoIf s]bf/gfy cjfsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s ;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

an/fd clwsf/L, j8f cWoIf Pj+

ag]kf g=kf= % g+= j8f sfof{no kl/jf/, ag]kf

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

hGd M !(*%.#.#!

:juf{/f]x0fM @)&%.$.%

:j= rqmdfg j}bf/ o; ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=sf ;b:ox? cf]dsf/dfg j}bf/, /fh]Zj/dfg j}bf/ / g/]zdfg j}bf/sf k"hgLo lktf rqmdfg j}bf/sf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s ;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

cWoIf Pj+

lxt}ifL art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kl/jf/ ag]kf, sfe|]

hGd M !(*%.#.#!

:juf{/f]x0fM @)&%.$.%

:j= rqmdfg j}bf/ of]u ejg lgdf{0f ug{ hUuf k|bfg ul/lbg' x'g] hUufbftf rqmdfg j}bf/sf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt xflb{s >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s ;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

c/lgsf] of]u ;fwgf kfjg wfd kl/jf/ ejg lgdf{0f ;ldlt kl/jf/

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lbn tf]8]/ ghfp, a? df/]/ hfp v} stfaf6 z'? u/f}+ . tkfO{ cgfof;} e]l6g' eof] . dgdf plDn/x]sf kL8fx? kf]Vg] cj;/ ldNof] . ps';d's; ef]ufO{n] l8k|;] g tkm{ n}hfnf ls eGg] lrGtf lyof] . eujfg t ;fIfL 5g\ . s;} g s;}n] ljZjf; t u5{ . d]/L pgL klg ljZjf;3ftL t x}gg\ t/ pgsf] ljZjf;nfO{ klg 3/ kl/jf/n] 5]Sof] . l7s} 5 xfdLn] ulNt g} u/]sf xf}+ . ulNtsf] ;hfoF PSn}nfO{ x'G5 < cfkm\gf] elgPsf] ;a} /fd|f] . c?sf] ;a} v/fa < y}nLsf] d'v aGb u¥of] eg] s;}nfO{ rf]/ bf]if nufO{ /xg' k5{ < dfofdf s;n] nufpg ;S5 tfNrf < k|d] u/ of gu/ eGb}df x'g] xf] / < a'em\g} g;s]sf] sfg'g, sfg'gn] lbPsf] ;hfoF / d}n] u/]sf] ck/fwsf aLr tfnd]n sxfF lg/ xf]nf < a'em\g} ;s]sf] 5}g . a'emfO{ /xg] klg s;n] < ulNt cg';f/sf] ;hfoFsf] eflubf/ aGg} k5{ . ag]s} 5' . lhNnfsf] sf]lzkf/L 3/ xf] . /fHon] ;d]t tf]lsPsf] blnt ;d'bfosf] ;b:o x'F d . 3/e/L kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:ox? klg 5g\ . a'af cfdf PSn}n] sfd u/]/ vfg k'Ug] cj:yf 5}g . p;} t blnt eg]/ x]Kg] rng 5 . emg} p;sf] ;Dklt sd ePkl5 ef]Ug' kg{] kL8fsf] t s;/L s'/f u/f}+ d < bz} ltxf/, ;fpg] ;+qmflGt, lth jf cGo s'g} rf8kj{ x'g\ xfdLnfO{ rf8kj{sf] efu eGb} cGgkft lbg] rng lyof] . clxn] s] 5 dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . ;fgf] ;fgf]df xfdL a'af cfdf;Fu} hfFbf v]/L To:tf] ukm u/]sf] ;'lgGYof] . cfkm'n] sk8f l;nfpg] u/]sf] AolQmx?sf] 3/df ljjfx jf cem} s]lx z'e ;fO{tsf] sfd eof] eg] To;sf] ;d]t efu lbg] rng /x]5 . xfdLnfO{ klxn] efu lbPkl5 plgx?sf] z'e sfd x'g] /x]5 . d}n] ;fg}df b]v]sf] lyPF 3/df cfdf lj/fdL x'g'eof] . w]/} :yfgdf pkrf/df hfg] cj:yf lyPg . t/ ufpFe/L ePsf wfdLemfFqmLsf] 3/df cfdf k'Ug'eof] . s;n] s] eGof] s;n] s] eGof] . cfdfnfO{ ePsf] /x]5 k]6sf] ;d:of . ljuf/ kfl/lbof], s;}n] e]lblbof], cem} s;n] xf] af]S;L nfUof] /] < o:tf k'/fgf s'/fx? ;'lg/xGy]+ . cfdfnfO{ ;fFem k/]kl5 3/df ePsf ;a} cGgx? ;+sng u/]/, v/fgL / /ftf]df6f]sf] 8Nnf] agfP/ 6k/Ldf /fv]/ afF;sf] ;fgf] 6'qmfdf sk8fsf] em'd|f] a]/]/ t]ndf 8'afP/ afNb} cfdfsf] 6fpsf]df ePsf] skfn ;d]t pv]n]/ Tolx 6k/Ldf /fv]/ dlG;gL ul/Psf] lyof] . dlG;Psf] 6k/L k'¥ofpg uPsf] AolQmx? kmls{bf sf]lx;Fu af]Ng gx'g] rng lyof] . bf]af6f] jf vf]nfdf nu]/ 6k/L aufPkl5 z/L/df ePsf] ;a} /f]u n}hfg] ljZjf; lyof] . cfh 5 h:tf] nfUb}g . Tof] cGwljZjf;af6 x's{]sf] xfd|f] ;dfhdf cem} 5'jf5't sfod g} 5 .

c?n] eGbf xfd|} kl/jf/ / ;d'bfosf AolQmx?n] To;nfO{ sfod /flv/x]sf 5g\ . To;sf] :jfy{ s] xf] d}n] a'emg\ ;s]sf] 5}g . ljBfno hfg] pd]/ eof] . bfO{ lbbLx? ljBfno hfg' eof] . s]lx sIffx? cWoog u/]kl5 pxfFx?n] cWoog ug{} 5fl8lbg' eof] . kl/jf/sf] sfG5f] ;Gtfg lyPF d . d}n] h;/L klg cWoog ug{' k5{ eGg] kl/jf/sf] klg rfxgf lyof] . d]/f] klg ;kgf lyof] . d}n] cWoog u/]/ ;dfh / kl/jf/sf nflu s]lx ug{' 5 eGg] ljZjf; lyof] . ufpFs} ljBfnodf cWoog ul//x]sf] lyPF . ljBfno hfFbfsf] cj:yf ljNs'n km/s lyof] . clxn] cem} ;dfh kl/jt{g ePsf] 5 . @)^! ;fndf hGd]sf] lyPF d . Tolta]nf g]kfndf u0ftGq k|flKtsf nflu ;+3if{ x'Fb} /x]5 . xfd|f] 3/df ;z:q åGå rnfpg] AolQmx? klg cfpg] hfg] ePsf] /x]5 . bfO{nfO{ dfcf]jfbLdf n}hfg] 7'nf] k|of; klg ePsf] /x]5 . Tof] a]nf dfG5]x?n] 5'jf5'tnfO{ s]lx eP klg sd u/fPsf /x]5g\ . bfO{ dfcf]jfbLdf hfg' eGbf sf7df8f}df gf]s/L ug{ hfG5' eGg] p2]Zon] /fhwfgL nfUg' eP5 . sf]lx lrg]sf] cj:yf lyPg . ufpFs} s]lx AolQmx?sf] ;xof]udf dhb'/L ug{ nfUg' ePsf] /x]5 . ev{/ @ jif{sf] x'Fbf g]kfndf u0ftGq k|flKt ePsf] /x]5 .

Tof] eGbf cl3sf] cj:yfsf af/]df dnfO{ s]lx hfgsf/L 5}g . ev{/} a'em\b} 5' ;dfh s] xf] < sfg'g s] xf] < s] ubf{ s:tf] cj:yf x'G5 eg]/ . bfO{sf] s]lx jif{sf] dhb'/L kl5 ljb]z hfg] of]hgf ;d]t ePsf] /x]5 . ljb]z hfg rflxg] hlt /sd gePs}n] xf]nf bfO{ g]kfnd} dhb'/L u/]/ a:bf a:b} xf]6ndf sfd ug{ nfUg' ePsf] /x]5 . lbbLsf] ljjfxsf] s'/f rln/x]sf] lyof] . ljjfx u/]/ k7fpg] cj:yf klg lyPg . !^ jif{ gnfUb} lbbLn] k|d] ljjfx ug{' ePsf] /x]5 . d t ;fg} lyPF . t/ klg lbbLn] ljjfx u/]sf] yfxf lyof] . t/ s:tf] ljjfx xf] eGg] yfxf lyPg . d klg cWoog ub{} uPF . sIff $ cWoog u/]kl5 dnfO{ ljBfno hfg dg nfu]g . a'af cfdfsf] / lzIfsx?sf] ;d]t s/sf sf/0f d}n] sIff % ;Dd cWoog u/]+ . ;xh} lyof] cWoog ug{ . ljBfnon] 5fqa[lQ ;d]t lbg] u/]sf] lyof] . @)&! ;fn;Dd d ljBfno uPF . ljBfno uPsf] ;dodf ;fyLx?n] u/]sf] Aojxf/ eg] cljZd/0fLo 5 . hlt;'s} Aoj:yf kl/jt{g eP klg dfG5]sf] ;f]rdf kl/jt{g gcfpFbf;Dd s'g} s'/fsf] dtna /x]g5 . dnfO{ kl/of/sf] 5f]/f eg]/ l5 l5 / b'/b'/ ug{] ;d'xsf ;fyLx? klg lyP . plgx?n] klg slt a'em]/ u/] yfxf 5}g . t/ klg plgx?sf] kl/jf/df ePsf] s'/f / of]hgfn] xf]nf jf l;sfO{n] xf]nf dnfO{ ul/Psf] Aojxf/ kz'nfO{

h:t} lyof] . v} lsg xf] To;n] d]/f] dgdf s'/f v]ln/x\of] . dgdf u9\of] . d ;dfhdf c5t'f] dfG5] xF' eg] dn}] u/s ] f sfdx? s;/L 5t' xg' ;S5g\ < aa'f cfdfn] ;as } f] sk8f l;nfP/} al;/xg' ePsf] 5 pxfxF?n] l;nfP/ nufPsf] sk8f s;/L rfv ] f] xg' kU'5 < dfG5] hGdbf xf;]\ jf dbf{ < jf ze' ljjfxdf xfdLn] g} l;nfPsf sk8fx? lsg z4' xg' kU'5g\ < o:tf] s/'fx?n] dnfO{ 8/]f hdfpg yfNof] . t/ kl5Nnf] ;dodf sk8f l;nfpg] sfd xfdf|] ;db'fon] dfq} ul//xs ] f] 5g} . clwsfz + l;nfO{ s6fOs { f k;nx? clxn] cGo ;db'fon] rnfO/{xs ] f] 5 . xfdf|] gfd dfq} eO/{xs ] f] 5 . cem ljjfxdf afhf ahfpg] sfd klg xfd}| lyof] . dnfO{ ;fgf] xbF'f emo\fnL ahfpg lbPsf] clxn] klg ;Demgf 5 . ;Demgf dfq} eof] Tof] klg clxn] c? ;db'fosf AolQmx?n] xfdf|] ;db'fosf] eGbf c;fWo} /fdf|;]uF afhf ahfpg] u/s ] f 5g\ . Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ xfdf|] kz ] f Aoj;fo ;s + 6df kl//xs ] f] lyof] . clxn] klg ;s + 6d} 5 . ;db'fo cg;'f/sf] kz ] f Aoj;fo eGbf klg ?rL / Ifdtf cg;'f/sf] kz ] f Aoj;fo u¥of] eg] a/]fh]uf/ a:gk'g]{ cj:yf cfpg] 5g} . ljBfno hfg 5f8] kl5 sl]x ;do d 3/d} a;+] . aa'f cfdfnfO{ 3/df ;xofu] u/+] . aa'f cfdfn] ljBfno k7fpg ug'{ ePsf] x/bdsf] ko|f; ;kmn xg' ;sg] . lbbL / bfOn{] h] ug'{ eof] dn}] klg Tolx lj8Ff] ;dft+] . cWoog 5f8/] d nfu+] bfh;'uF sf7df8fd}f dhb/'L ug{ . !@ jifs { f] pd/]df dn}] sf7df8fd}f uP/ bfh;'uF} sfd u/+] . z?'df dnfO{ xf6]ndf ef8Ff l6Kg] sfd lbOP{sf] lyof] . ToxfF klg dn}] hft egs ] f] lyOg{ . bfOn{] klg dnfO{ hft geGg' eGg' ePsf] lyof] . xfdf|] ;db'fonfO{ xf6]ndf sfd ug{ /fVg] egs ] f] ef8Ff dfemg\ / ;/;kmfO{ ug{ dfq} /x5 ] . j6]/ / lsrg]sf] sfd xfdLnfO{ lyPg . dlxgfsf] ! xhf/ % ;o ?ko}f lbg] u/s ] f] lyof] . dn}] bfO;{uF} ePsfn] w/]} ufxf|] uxu|F'f] sfd ug'{ k/s ] f] lyPg . lj:tf/} dnfO{ clns 7n'f] sfd nufpg yflnof] . bfOn{] klg gfO{ eGg ;Sg' ePg . dn}] ;Sg] / ug}{ g;Sg] sfdx? klg u/+] . h:t} xf6]ndf ePsf 7n'f 7n'f ef8Ff cf;]f/ k;f/ ug,]{ dfemg\,] w/]} tNnf ePsf] 3/df ;/;kmfO{ ug]{ . Toltan]f dnfO{ xf6]ndf afnaflnsfnfO{ sfddf nufPsf] eg/] sfl]x p4f/ ug{ cfPg . cem} afndq}L gu/, /fHosf] sNkgf ug]{ yk'}| ;3 + ;:+yf / /fHosf lgsfox? dfg} /x] . d]/f] ljsNk klg lyof] . t/ dnfO{ /fd|f] ufO{8 ug{] cleefjs lyPg . k9 dfq} eg]/ d}n] k9\g] jftfj/0f lyPg . ljBfnosf] aftfj/0fn] dnfO{ ljBfno hfg' eGbf 5f8\g' /fd|f] lyof] . xf]6ndf sfd u/]kl5 klg dnfO{ cWoog ug{' lyPF

pgL / d glhs ePsf lyof}+ . k|d] df lnKt ePsf lyof}+ . Ps csf{ ljgf afRg g;Sg] ePsf lyof}+ . a9\bf] pd]/df xfdLn] kl/jf/sf] cg'zf;g tf]l8;s]sf lyof}+ . ljjfx kl5 ug{' kg{] ;DjGw ;d]t xfdLn] /flv;s]sf lyof}+ . of] cy{df s]6fs]6L pd]/d} xfdLn] ug{} gx'g] ck/fw u/]sf lyof}+ . xfdLn] ;+;f/df xfdL afx]s c? sf]lx 5 eGg] ;f]rs] } lyPgf}+ . eGg] dfG5] sf]lx ePg . sfd w]/} ug{k' 5{ / k};f sdfpg' k5{ eGg] dfq} ;f]r eof] .

To:t} ;f]r aGof] . lj:tf/} sfd l;Sb} uPkl5 d}n] xf]6n kl/jt{g ul/lbPF . @)&# ;fn b]lv d}n] sf7df8f}sf] 7d]ndf /x]sf] /]i6'/]G6df sfd ug{ yfn]+ . ToxfF sfd u/]sf] % xhf/ ?k}of lyof] . vfg a:g ;a} xf]6ns} eP kl5 d}n] ;f]r]+ of] /fd|f] k};f xf] . bfO{;Fu ;Nnfx u/]/ pxfFs} lgb{]zgdf d 7d]ndf k'u]+ . ToxfF sfd ul//x]s} lyPF . bz} ltxf/df ufpFdf cfpg] ul/Psf] lyof] . z'?df s]lx lbg 3/sf] ofbn] ;tfof] . lj:tf/} sf7df8f}sf] /xg;xgn] dnfO{ ufpF lj;fp{g yfNof] . rf8kj{df cfpFbf /dfO{n} x'GYof] . !% lbg eGbf w]/} a:g] u/]sf] lyPF ufpF . Tolx qmddf uPsf] bz}df ufpFdf a:bf d eGbf Ps jif{ ;fgf] pd]/sL cfkm\g} hftsL s]6L;Fu kl/ro eof] . lrlg/x]sf] lyPF t/ af]ln/x]sf] lyO{g . bz}n] Tof] cj;/ h'6fO{lbof] . pgL ev{/ !@ jif{sL lyO{g\ . d !# jif{sf] dfq} lyPF . b'a} hgf aLr df]afO{n kmf]g cfbfg k|bfg eof] . pgsf] cfkm\gf] kmf]g lyPg . cleefjssf] gDj/ lbO{g\ . d t cfkm\gf] df]jfO{n ePsf] dfG5] lyP . xf]6ndf sfd u/]sf] klxnf] sdfO{ g} df]afO{ndf vr{ ePsf] lyof] . bz}df pgsf] / d]/f] e]6 k|]ddf kl/0ft eof] . aRr} lyof}+ xfdL . dfj]fOn{af6 P;PdP; cfbfg kb|fg xG'Yof] . pgL ns ' L ns ' L dnfO{ kmfg] ulyg{\ . dn}] klg s/'fsfgL uy{] . pgnfO{ klg 3/df a;/] cWoog ug{ /x/ /xg]5 . sf7df8f} cfP/ sfd ug]{ elGyg dn}] xbF'g} k9g\' k5{ egs ] f] lyPF . of] qmd rln/xbFf pgL ljbfsf] ;dodf pgL sf7df8f} cfpbFf dn}] cfkmn'fO{ yfxf ePsf] sl]x 7fpxF? 3d'fP/ kmsfP{F . Ps lbgsf] ;dodf slt :yfgdf 3d'fpg' lyof] / < t/ klg pgL / d glhs ePsf lyof+} . kd]|df lnKt ePsf lyof+} . Ps csf{ ljgf afRFg g;Sg] ePsf lyof+} . a9b\f] pd/]df xfdLn] kl/jf/sf] cgz ' f;g tfl]8;ss ] f lyof+} . ljjfx kl5 ugk'{g]{ ;DjGw ;dt] xfdLn] /flv;ss ] f lyof+} . of] cyd{f s6]fs6]L pd/]d} xfdLn] ug}{ gxg'] ck/fw u/s ] f lyof+} . xfdLn] ;;+f/df xfdL afxs ] c? sfl]x 5 eGg] ;fr ] s ] } lyPgf+} .

Pslbg d 3/df uPsf] lyPF . pgn] tTsfn ljjfx ug]{ s/'f ul/g\ . pgL !# jifs { L l5g\ . d !$ jifs { f] ePF . clxNo} ljjfx < pgn] h;/L eP klg rf8F}

ljjfx ug'{ k5{ geP d dl/lbG5' elgg\ . d ;s + 6df k/+] . xfdL ;a} lx;fan] ;dfg lyof+} . hft, kl/jf/, cfo cfhg{ . pgn] hah{l:t g} ul/g\ . dn}] bfO;{uF ;Nnfx u/+] . clxn] rf8Ff] 5 eGge'of] . !$ jifd{f ljjfx u//] s] ug]{ < ;v ' } kfOg{F . pgsf] srsrsf sf/0f xfdL bO'{ hgfn] dlGb/df uP/ cfk}rfl/stf k/'f u¥of+} .

To;sf] sl]x lbg xfdL ufpdFf g} a:of+} . pgs} ;Nnfxn] d cfkmn'] sfd u/s ] f] /i]6/'G]6df sfd ug{ sf7df8f} uPF . pgnfO{ ;uF} nh}fpF egs ] f] dflggg\ . ufpdF} a:5' a? ljbf ldnfP/ rf8F} cfpg' elgg\ . pgs} ;Nnfxdf d sf7df8f} kU'b} lyPF . dn}] sfd ug]{ xf6]ndf d eGbf klxnf kx|/L kl'u;ss ] f /x5]g\ . pgs} gfdaf6 kx|/Lsfd]f ph/'L lbOP{sf] /x5] . dn}] hah{l:t s/0fL u/s ] f] eGb} k/s ] f] ph/'Lsf sf/0f dnfO{ kx|/L kqmfp ug{ xf6]ndf ku's ] f] /x5] . s] ;fr ] +] dn}] s] eof] clxn] < kx|/Ln] kqmfp u//] NofPkl5 pgnfO{ dn}] e6]g\ klg kfPsf] 5g} . s/'f klg ug{ kfPsf] 5g} . pd/] g} gku'L ljjfx ug'{ xfdf|] ulNt lyof] . dn}] pgnfO{ olx s/'f eGbf pgn] dflggg\ . pgn] gdfgs ] } sf/0f dn}] ljjfx u/+] . clg ph/'L rflFx dnfO{ km/]L < sfgg' cg;'f/ d bfl]if ePF . dn}] pgnfO{ hah{l:t u/+] . t/ pgsf] ;xdlt sxfF kU'of] . plg clxn] klg PSn} ;fW]g] xf] eg] s;s } f] bafa gxg'] xf] eg] dg} bl]v elG5g\ . kd]| k:|tfj klg pgs} lyof] . ljjfxsf] k:|tfj klg pgs} lyof] . bfl]if rflFx d dfq < ;xdlt clg hah{l:t < x] ke|' dnfO{ of] ;;+f/af6 dQ'mL lbnfOb{p] . dhb/'} eP/ sfd u//] al;/xs ] f] AolQmnfO{ lsg o:tf] ;hfoF lbof+} . of] ;a} pgsf] kl/jf/n] u/s ] f] /x5] . pgsf] kl/jf/n] d/]f] kl/jf/;uF abnf lng] pbZ]on] o:tf] ph/'L u/s ] f] /x5] . l7s} 5 eujfg ;fIfL 5g\ . sfgg'n] bfl]if 7x/ u/] klg d bfl]if 5g} . dg ldNof,] efjgf ldNof] clg kd]| eof] . pgL hxfF h:tf] cj:yfdf /flvPsf] eP klg ;v ' L /xg'\ . vz ' L /xg'\ . ;Gti'6 /xg'\ . a;Gt kl/of/ /fd]5fk -of] syf cfh ljxLjf/ a]n'sf * ah]sf] :yfgLo ;dfrf/kl5 b]j/fh a8fnsf] ;fydf k|fO{d PkmPd !)$=% d]ufxh{df ;'Gg ;Sg'x'g]5 ._

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!)–!% ut];Dd ;ftf l7s} /x]sf] x'Fbf z/L/df lg/f]lutf, zq'x? ldqdf kl/0ft, ljk/Lt ln·af6 ;'v k|flKt xf]nf eg] clGtd lbg rflx /f]u j[l4sf] ;fy} d[To't'No si6 cfOknf{ . dGq M ç e+ e+ e}/jfo gdM . of] ;ftfsf] ;a} lbg z'e /x]sf] x'Fbf cWoog cWofkgdf ?lr, /f]uaf6 d'lQm, ld7fld7f k|]djftf{ nfe, a}+s Jofn]G; j[l4 x'g'sf] ;fy} nfdf] ofqfsf] of]u /x]sf] 5 . dGq M ç /fdfo gdM. !)–!# ut] ;Dd of] ;ftf cfkmGt;Fu j}/efj j[l4 x'g'sf] ;fy} em}emu8f x'g] of]u /x]sf] x'Fbf ljrf/ k'¥ofpg'xf]nf, afFsLsf lbgdf eg] ljBfdf ?rL, z/L/df :j:ytf x'g'sf] ;fy} e|d0f ug{] cj;/ xf]nf . dGq M ç P] x|L+ P]+ ;/:jTo} gdM .

!)–!# ut] ;Dd ;fx; / w}o{tf j[l4 x'g]5, !$–!% ut];Dd 3/sf] lrGtfn] ;tfpgfn] lgb|fdf s]xL c;'ljwf g/xnf eGg ;lsFb}g, clGtd lbgrflxF ;Gtfgaf6 ;'v k|flKtn] dgdf pT;fx 5fpnf . dGq M ç qmL+ qmL+ qmL+ ç .

wg'

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dLg

sljtf

!)–!% ut];Dd cfsl:ds wgnfe, cw'/f sfo{x? 5f]6f] ;dodf ;xh} ;kmn, ;fyLefO{sf] ;xof]u k|flKt xf]nf eg] clGtd lbg rflxF k]6df ljsf/ cfpnf ;fy} hnsf] eo klg /x]sf] 5 . dGq M ç pdfdx]Zj/fo gdM . ;ftf k"/} z'e /x]sf] x'Fbf bfh'efO{af6 ;xof]u k|flKt, k/fqmd j[l4, cfsl:ds wgnfe, dfg;Ddfg k|flKt, cfo j[l4 x'g'sf] ;fy} z/L/df ;'v k|flKt xf]nf . dGq M ç x|L gdM.

!)–!# ut];Dd ;do s]xL v/fa rn]sf] x'Fbf rf]6k6ssf] eo /x]sf] 5, afFsLsf lbgdf eg] af]nLsf] k|efj a9\gfn] glhssf] JolQm;Fu lgs6tf, pkxf/ cflb j:t' k|flKt x'gfn] dg k|zGg /xnf . dGq M ç g[+ g/l;+xfo gd M. !)–!# ut] ;Dd wg cfudgsf] gofF gofF af6f] j[l4 x'gfn] a}+s Jofn]G; j[l4 xf]nf, !$–!% ut];do gs/fTds /x]sf] x'Fbf df]6f] wg/fzL vr{ xf]nf eg] clGtd lbg z/L/df :j:ytf 5fpnf . dGq M ç x|L+ efUof]bo x|L+ gdM.

cRo"tfgGb Hof]= cfo"j{]lbs cf}ifwfno,ag]kf, kgf}tL/f]8,uf]bfdrf]s, kmf]g g+= )!!^^#$(^

k};f k};f elg /ft lbg k};fsf] kl5 nfUbf /f]u x'G5 kl5 k};f s'sd{n] sdfpFbf e|i6frf/ u/L wg s'DNofpFbf ;dfhsf] lbuf] /xGg Tof] wg sdfpg' dfq Joy{ xf] agfpnf ultnf] 3/ 5f]/f gflt kgfltnfO{ em';] 6\ofk] / kfv08L aGg] 5g\ db d':t eO{ ;Gtfgdf ljsltn] af; lnG5 ;bf lbg lbuf] x'G5 sdfPsf] kl/>dLx?sf] wg s] eof] / sdfP/ wg bf}nt e|i6sf] sn+lst eO{ bfu nfu]/ afFRg' oxfF Joy{ xf] s;}n] klg x]bg}{ e|i6frf/L x6]kl5 kZrftfk lzjfo s]xL x'Gg z/L/ un]kl5 lsg a6'Ng' Joy{d} f e|i6frf/ u/L wg a? ;dfh lxtdf nfpg'kb{5 dg k};f k};f elg ;f/f lbg /ft latfpFbf lb3{/f]uL aG5 k};fsf] kl5 nfUbf .

xl/s[i0f l;njfn gdf]a'4–$, sfe|]

km};nf ;':t======= x'Fbf cbfntn] nIo eGbf w]/} d'2f km};nf u/]sf] lyof] . lgldQ / s]lx ;do lhNnf GofofwLz /x]sf d]lbgLk|;fb kf}8\ofnsf] sfo{sfndf klg cbfnt nIo glhs k'u]sf] lyof] . lhNnf GofofwLz ch{'gk|;fb clwsf/Ln] cbfntn] nIo e]§fpg] u/L sfd u/]sf] eP klg ljljw sf/0fjz cfly{s jif{df lnPsf] nIo k"/f ug{ g;s]sf] atfP . lhNnf cbfntn] &) k|ltzt d'2f km};nfsf] nIo /fv]sf] lyof] . h;df %@=$& k|ltzt dfq} d'2fsf] km};nf ePsf] 5 . ! xhf/ &( d'2f km};nf ug{] of]hgf eP klg * ;o $( yfg d'2fsf] dfq} lsgf/f nfu]sf] 5 . cbfntdf ! xhf/ ^ ;o !* d'2fsf] nut /x]sf] 5 . rfn' jif{sf nflu & ;o ^( yfg d'2fsf] lhDd]jf/L ;l/ cfPsf] 5 . @ jif{ gf3]sf d'2fx? ## yfg afFsL /x]sf 5g\ eg] 8]9 jif{ cjwLsf ! ;o @$ yfg d'2f afFsL /x]sf 5g\ . To:t} ^ dlxgf b]lv Psjif{ cjwL;Ddsf d'2f ! ;o %@ yfg 5g\ . ^ dlxgf cjlwsf d'2fsf] ;+Vof $ ;o @( yfg /x]sf] 5 . ut cfly{s jif{df btf{ ePsf ! xhf/ @* / lhDd]jf/L ;/L cfPsf % ;o () yfg d'2fx dWo] c;f/ dlxgfdf dfq} ! ;o $& yfg d'2f km};nf eP . cl3Nnf jif{ b'O{ jif{ gf3]sf Ps yfg d'2fx? klg lyPgg\ . 8]9 jif{ eGbf dfyL cjwLsf d'2fx? &( yfg km};nf ePsf 5g\ eg] 8]9;Ddsf @ ;o @& yfg, ^ dlxgf b]lv Ps jif{;Ddsf @ ;o *! yfg, ^ dlxgf leqsf @ ;o ^@ yfg d'2f km};nf ePsf 5g\ . ut cfly{s jif{df aGbL k|ToIfLs/0f !, lgif]wf1f ! yfg btfP ePsf lyP . km};nfdf nIo e]6fpg g;s]sf] cbfntn] d'2fsf] sfof{Gjogdf eg] nIo eGbf w]/} pknAwL xfl;n u/]sf] 5 . txl;nbf/ lg/s'df/ ljssf cg';f/ &!=@( k|ltzt sfof{Gjog ePsf] 5 . ! ;o $# j6f d'2fsf] km};nf sfof{Gjog ug{] nIo lnPsf]df ! ;o %$ yfg d'2f sfof{Gjog ePsf] 5 . ! ;o ## btf{ x'g] ck]Iff /flvPsf]df ! ;o $^ j6f d'2f km};nf sfof{Gjogsf nflu btf{ ePsf] 5 . ljuf] e/fpg], a08f 5'§ofpg], rng rnfpg], cGo ;d]t u/L @ ;o !^ j6f lgj]bg btf{ ePsf lyP . txl;n zfvfdf Ps jif{ gf3]sf km};nf &! j6f sfof{Gjog ePsf] 5 . ^@ j6f lgj]bgsf] sfof{Gjog cem} afFsL /x]sf] 5 .

lSjh M @%^ ;l/tf ;fksf]6f

!_ lj;+ @)&% df k|bfg ul/g] lrQw/ Xbo k'/:sf/af6 s;nfO{ ;Ddflgt ul/of] < @_ cfO{{ Pd O{ Unf]an cfO{ Pd O{ kmf]6f] ckm b O{o/ lhTg] kmf]6f] kqsf/ sf] x'g\ < #_ g]kfndf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] /fli6«o sljtf dxf]T;jsf ;kmn sljsf] gfd s] xf] < $_ g]kfndf s'g jif{nfO{ 3'dlkm/ jif{sf ?kdf dgfO{Psf] 5 < %_ k|x/L d]/f] ;fyL sfo{qmd slxn] b]lv z'? ePsf] xf] < ^_ lnDa' efiff n]lvPsf] lnkLnfO{ s] eg]/ lrlgG5 < &_ @)&$ sf] pTs[i6 lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt s'gnfO{ 3f]if0ff ul/of] < *_ /]l8of] g]kfndf sltj6f efiffdf ;dfrf/ k|;f/0f eO{/x]sf] 5 < (_ lkmkmfsf] :yfkgf slxn] ePsf] xf] < !)_ utf+s k|sflzt r]i6f ;fKtflxsdf ljrf/ :tDedf s;sf] n]v ;dfj]z

k|fof]hs ljBf;fu/ af]l8{· :s'n ag]kf, sfe|]

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

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lSjhdf ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx?sf] ;lx hjfkm sfof{nosf] 6]lnkmf]g )!!–^^@$($ tyf x'nfs tyf Od]n dfkm{t k7fpg]]x? dWo]af6 k|To]s xKtfsf] PshgfnfO{ uf]nfk|yfåf/f ljh]tf 3f]if0ff ul/g]5 . ljh]tfsf] gfd dlxgfsf] klxnf] xKtf ljlxaf/ k|sfzg / k|fOd PkmPdaf6 k|;f/0f x'g] ljxfgsf] z'ek|eft sfo{qmddf k|;f/0f ul/g]5 . ljh]tfx?nfO{ r]i6f ;fKtflxssf] tkm{af6 cfs{ifs pkxf/ k|bfg ul/g]5 . ljh]tfx?n] k'/:sf/sf] nflu r]i6f ;fKtflxssf] sfof{nodf ;Dks{ /fVg'kg{]5 .

!@

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

jif{ @$ c+s #( @)&% ;fpg !) ut] ljxLjf/

lgdGq0ff ! lgdGq0ff !! lgdGq0ff !!!

sd{rf/L cfjZostf ;DaGwL ;"rgf o; dfsfb'd ;fd'bflos art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=sf nflu s]xL sd{rf/Lx? cfjZos ePsf] x'Fbf OR5's of]Uotf k'u]sf JolQmx?n] cfkm\gf] afof]8f6f ;lxt & lbgleq sfof{nodf ;Dks{ ug{x'g cg'/f]w ul/G5 . != kb M k|aGws ;+Vof M ! @= kb M sfof{no ;xfos ;+Vof M @ #= kb M ahf/ k|ltlglw ;+Vof M s]xL tna M ;+:yfsf] lgodfg';f/ cg'ejLnfO{ ljz]if u|fXotf lbOg] 5.

;Dks{

of]Uotf M lalaP; pQL0f{ of]Uotf M lalaP; jf ;f] ;/x of]Uotf M P;O{O{ pQL0f{ jf ;f] ;/x

dfsfb'd ;fd'bflos art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= )!!–^^@@^#, -k'/fgf] t/sf/L ahf/sf] l7s kfl/kl§_ ag]kf, &, sfe|]

egf{ v'Nof] ! egf{ v'Nof] !! egf{ v'Nof] !!! o; ;kg]Zj/ dflj ag]kf ! gfnf 6's'rfdf z}lIfs ;q @)&% &^ df e]6]l/g/L h]l6P TSLC sfo{qmddf egf{ v'n]sfn] P;O{O{ pQL0f{ eO{ a:g'ePsf OR5's ;Dk"0f{n] egf{sf nflu ;Dks{ ug'{xf]nf . kmf/fd kfOg] :yfg

gf]a]n e]6 ;]G6/

;kg]Zj/ dflj

d]nDrL a;kfs{ rf/bf]af6f] kmf]g g+= (*$(@(@*&* 8f= ljgf]b ;~h]n sfo{qmd ;+of]hs df]=g+= (*%%)%)%)(

ag]kf ! gfnf 6'sr ' f kmf]g g+= )!!–^*#%&%÷(*$!))%))% dw';'bg nfld5fg] ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt ;Dks{ g+ (*%!)*%%(#

l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf nflu ;Dks{

d]nDrL M gf]a]n Pu|f]e]6 lr/~hLjL xl:k6n;Fu}, ;Dks{ M )!!–$)!)!* k'gZr M e]6]l/g/L h]l6P sfo{qmddf k|j]z k/LIff pQL0f{ eO{ egf{ gePsf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf lbOg]5 . dlxnf blnt, hghflt, lk5l8Psf ju{nfO{ ljz]if 5'6sf] klg Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 .

;kg]Zj/ dfWolds ljBfno ag]kf ! gfnf 6's'rf

!* dlxg] e]6]l/g/L÷h]l6P kz':jf:Yo sfo{qmddf egf{ v'Nof] ! egf{ v'Nof] !! egf{ v'Nof] !!! af6 ;DaGwg k|fKt o; k|fljlws tyf Jofj;flos lzIffno ag]kf sfe|]df SLC jf SEE pQL0f{ x'g]x?sf nflu kz':jf:Yo sfo{qmddf egf{ v'Nof] . l;6 ;Lldt 5 . cfh} ;Dks{ ug{'xf]nf .

CTEVT

cfj]bg kmf/d eg{] clGtd ldlt M @)&% ;fpg !! ut] ;Dd k|j]z k/LIff ldlt M @)&% ;fpg @! ut] lbpF;f] @ ah] kmf/fd kfOg] :yfg M k|fljlws tyf Joj;flos lzIffno ag]kf, sfe|]

+Vof M l;6 ; gf $) h

k|fljlws tyf Joj;flos lzIffno ag]kf NIC ASIA BANK

sf] k5fl8 -/]l8of] Pla;L ;Fu}_

kmf]g g+= )!!–^^#&*!, (*$!#!)@@#, (*$!))^%*!, (*)*%$^#!#

sfo{qmd ldlt @)&% ;fpg !@ ut] zlgjf/ ;do M lbgsf] #M#) ah] :yfg M dfO{ r08]Zj/L dlGb/sf] k|f·0f, ag]kf

k|fyL{

ueggL If]df k"hf ;+rfng ;ldlt kl/jf/ ag]kf–&, js'6f]n, sfe|]

;+:yfut d'Nof+sgstf{ cfjZostf ;DaGwL ;"rgf -k|yd k6s k|sflzt ldlt @)&% ;fpg !)_ o; df]8]n art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]kf &, sfe|]knf~rf]snfO{ ;xsf/L dfkb08 @)^* adf]lhd !) nfv eGbf dflysf] C0f nufgLdf ;+:yfut d'Nof+sgstf{af6 lwtf] lgl/If0f tyf d'Nof+sg u/fpg' kg]{ ePsf]n] lwtf] d'Nof+sg tyf lgl/If0fsf] nflu cg'dlt k|fKt tyf O{R5's ;+:yfut d'Nof+sgstf{af6 lgDg sfuhft ;lxt ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] !% lbg leq k|:tfjgf kq k]z ug'{x'g of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . k|:tfjgf kq k]z ubf{ C0fL ;b:on] C0f dfu u/]sf] /sdsf] cfwf/df lg/LIf0f tyf d'Nof+sg vr{sf] cfwf/dfgL k|:tfjgf k]z ug'{ x'g cg'/f]w ul/G5 ;fy} k|fKt k|:tfjgf kq dWo] a9Ldf # j6f kmd{ tyf d'Nof+sgstf{nfO{ ;"lrs[t ul/g]5 . cfjZos sfuhftx?

– k|:tfjgf kq .

– sDkgL k|f]kmfO{n .

– kmd{btf{ k|df0fkq .

– k]zfut k|df0fkq .

– :yfO{ n]vf gDa/ .

– s/r'Qmf k|df0fkq .

– k|f]k|fO{6/sf] afof]8f6f / gful/stfsf] k|ltlnlk – sDkgLsf k|fljlwsx?sf] afof]8f6f / k]zfut k|df0fkq – sDkgLsf k|fljlwsx?sf] gful/stfsf] k|ltlnlk – k|f]k|fO{6/ tyf k|fljlwsx?sf] kmf]6f] !÷! k|lt

df]8]n art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]kf &, sfe|]knf~rf]s lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf nfluM )!!–^^)*^^

xfdLnfO{ ;Demg'xf];\ o; ;xof]uL /f] h uf/ tyf k/fdz{ s]Gb|df ljleGg vfnsf sd{rf/Lx? /x]sf] x'Fbf a}+s, ;xsf/L, ljBfno, k;n, sDkgL nufotsf 7fpFx?df sd{rf/L rflxPdf xfdLnfO{ ;Dks{ ug{'xf];\ .

o; ueggL If]df k"hf lgDg ldlt ;do / :yfgdf ;+rfng ul/g] x'Fbf pQm lbgdf o; ueggL If]df k"hfdf ljut jif{b]lv ;xefuL ePsf ;Dk"0f{ z'e]R5's ;b:ox?nfO{ xflb{s lgdGq0ff ub{5f}+ .

ljleGg /f]huf/x?sf nflu o; k/fdz{ s]Gb|df ;Dks{ ug{'xf]nf . n]vfkfn % hgf cfjZos ePsf]n] ljlaP; pQL0f{ jf ;f] ;/xsf JolQmn] t"–;Dks{ ug{'xf]nf .

;Dks{

;xof]uL /f]huf/ tyf k/fdz{ s]Gb| ag]kf, sfe|] kmf]g g+= )!!–^^##)(, (*$#$&*$$@ gf]6 M sf]xL a]/f]huf/ ePsf jf s;}nfO{ hgzlQm rflxPdf xfdLnfO{ ;Demg'xf];\ .

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r]i6f ;fKtflxs k|sfzgsf nflu k|sfzs.;Dkfbs M czf]s Jof~h", sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbs M df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf, sfof{no M ag]kf !), sfe|], kmf]g g+= )!!^^@$($ email: cheshtaweekly@yahoo.com/website: www.cheshtaweekly.com.np, d'b|0f M ;Gtf]if lk|lG6ª k|];, ag]kf, sfe|]