issue_45

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lhNnfdf k|x/Lsf] gofF ;+/rgf df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf w'lnv]n

lhNnf ;'/Iff ;ldltsf] a}7sn] gof+ ;/+rgf cg';f/sf :yfgLo txdf gful/sx?sf] zflGt, ;'/IffnfO{ dWo gh/ ub{} k|x/L rf}sLx?sf] :yfkgf, k'g{:yfkgf, :t/f]GgtLsf nflu l;kmfl/;

v8\sfn] atfP . gofF ;+/rgf cg';f/ !# j6f :yfgLo ;/sf/sf ! ;o #% j8f sfod ul/Psf 5g\ . ;fljssf uflj;x?nfO{ j8fsf ?kdf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 eg] ufpF ljsf; ;ldltx?sf] Plss/0f kl5 7'nf] gu/kflnsf / ufpFkflnsf agfO{Psf] 5 . ufpFkflnsf,

‘s’ >]0fLsf] O{nfsf k|x/L sfof{no – kfFrvfn gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] k|x/L rf}sL kfFrvfn – kgf}tL gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] k|x/L rf}sL kgf}tL, – d08g b]pk'/ gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] k|x/L rf}sL lxu'jfkf6L, – gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] k|x/L rf}sL d]R5] kf}jf xfn es'08]

‘v’ >]0fLsf] O{nfsf k|x/L sfof{no – a]yfGrf]s ufpFkflnsfsf] 9'v + s{df /x]sf] k|x/L rf}sLnfO{ v >]0fLsf] Ok|sfdf :t/f]GgtL

gofF k|x/L rf}sL l;kmfl/;

– w'lnv]nsf] !) / !@ z+v'kf6L{rf}/ – ledvf]/L uflj; ( lzv/k'/ xfnsf] /f]zL ufkf !@ df k'gM:yfkgf – gdf]a4' gu/kflnsf % sfgk'/df gofF :yfkgf – k|x/L rf}sL agv'rf}/ – t]dfnsf] kf]v/Lgf/fo0f:yfg – t]dfns} d]R5]kf}jfdf k'/fg} k|x/L rf}sL k'gM:yfkgf – rf}/Lb]p/fnLsf] 9f8vs{

:yfgfGt/0f – e'Dn' ufpFkflnsfsf] kmnfF6d] f /x]sf] k|x/L rf}sLnfO{ ufpFkflnsfsf] s]Gb| e'Dn' % ;Nn] e'Dn'df :yfgfGt/0f ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . l h N n f d f eO{/x]sf k|x/L rf}sLnfO{ s >]0fLsf] Onfsf, v >]0fLsf] Onfsf, gofF k|x/L rf}sL :yfkgf / k'/fgf] eO{ cGoq /x]sfnfO{ ;d]t k'gM:yfkgfsf] cfjZostf ;lxtsf] cf}lrTo k'li6 u/L ;DjlGwt lgsfodf k7fpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . k|dv ' lhNnf clwsf/L s[i0faxfb'/ /fptsf] cWoIftfdf a;]sf] a}7sn] pQm lg0f{o u/]sf] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no sfe|s ] f k|dv ' P;kL /lj/fh

gu/kflnsfsf] s]Gb|, j8fx?sf] s]Gb| efudf gful/sx?sf] pkl:ytL / hg3gTj ylkb} hfg yfn]kl5 lhNnf ;'/Iff ;ldltn] pQm lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] . ;/sf/sf s]Gb|x?df a}s tyf cGo ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] :yfkgf x'g] / hg3gTj ;d]t a9\b} hfg yfn]kl5 eljZodf s'g} k|sf/sf cjfl~5t ultljlw x'g glbg] pb]Zon] ;'/Iffsf] b[li6sf]0fn] cfjZos kg{] lhDd]jf/LnfO{ yk38 ul/Psf] xf] . ag]kf gu/kflnsfdf Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no ag]kfn] j8f gDj/ %

b]lv !! ;Dd, k|x/L rf}sL ;fFufn] ag]kfsf] !@, !# / !$ gDj/ j8f, k|x/L rf}sL gfnfn] ag]kfs} j8f gDj/ !, @, # / $ gDj/ j8fdf ;'/Iff k|bfg ug{] 5 . w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no ;d]t /x]sf] gu/kflnsf xf] . pQm gu/kflnsfsf] j8f gDj/ !) / !@ x]g{] u/L z+v'kf6L{rf}/df k|x/L rf}sL :yfkgf ug{ l;kmfl/; ug{] lg0f{o ul/Psf] 5 . pQm k|x/L rf}sLn] b'O{j6f j8fsf cnfjf gdf]a4' u'Dafdf cfpg] ko{6sx?sf] cfjfudgdf ;xh / ;'/Iff k|bfg ug{ cfjZos /x]sf] cf}lrTo k'li6 u/]sf] 5 . lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no dftxt /x]sf] c:yfoL k|x/L kf]i6 sfe|] e~HofËnfO{ oyfjt /fvL lhNnf k|x/L sfof{noaf6 w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] j8f gDj/ !, @, #, $, %, ^, &, *, ( / !! sf gful/sx?nfO{ ;'/Iff k|bfg ul/g] 5 . kgf}tL gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] k|x/L rf}sL kgf}tLnfO{ s >]0fLsf] Onfsf k|x/L sfof{nodf :t/f]GgtL ug{] lg0f{o ePsf] 5 . afdb]j uf}td u[xdGqL ePsf a]nf Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no

l;kmfl/; eP klg sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf] lyPg . k|x/L lgl/Ifs lbks ef/tLn] s]lx dlxgf pQm k|x/L rf}sLnfO{ O{nfsfs} ?kdf rnfPsf] eP klg lg0f{o sfof{Gjog x'g g;Sbf k'gM ;O{sf] g]t[Tjdf pQm rf}sL sfo{/t 5 . pQm rf}sLn] kgf}tL gu/kflnsfsf] j8f gDj/ $, %, ^, &, * / ( gDj/ x]g{]5 . P]ltxfl;s wfld{s Pj+ k'/ftflTjs gu/L kgf}tLdf /fli6«o k|x/L k|lzIf0f k|lt:7fgsf nflu hUuf vl/b eO{;s]sf] 5 eg] If]lqo /+uzfnf lgdf{0fflwg 5 .

SofDk;x?, 3gf al:t, zx/L If]q, Aofkf/Ls If]q, ljlQo ;+3 ;+:yf, 7'nf 7'nf UofF; pBf]u, vfB pBf]u, sf7 pbf]u, gdf]a'4 / 8fF8fkf/L ag]kf nlntk'/sf] nfs'/L eG~ofË s'zfb]jL hfg] af6f] ;d]t ePsf] kgf}tLnfO{ s >]0fLsf] Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no cfjZos /x]sf] cf}lrTo k'li6 ul/Psf] 5 . k|x/L rf}sL vf]kf;Ln] j8f gDj/ !) / !!, k|x/L rf}sL s'zfb]jLn] j8f gDj/ !, @, # / !@ sf gful/sx?nfO{ ;'/Iff k|bfg ug{5 ] g\ . afFsL @ k]hdf

cfqmfds of]hgfdf k|x/L lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no sfe|k] nf~rf]sn] cfly{s jif{sf] cGTo;Dddf $ ;o % j6f d'2f btf{ u/L @ ;o &! j6f cbfntdf btf{ u/]sf] 5 . pQm d'2fdf ;nUg $ ;o &^ cleo'Qm dWo] $ ;o #% hgf kqmfp k/]sf lyP . $! cleo'Qm cem} km/f/ /x]sf] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no sfe|]sf k|d'v P;kL /lj/fh v8\sfn] atfP . st{Ao Hofg ;DjGwL d'2fsf @, a}lsË s;'/ d'2fsf @, ;+ul7t ck/fw !, ha{hl:t s/0fLsf Ps, ha{hl:t s/0fL pBf]usf ! u/L * j6f d'2fx? cem} k]l08Ëdf /x]sf] k|d'v v8\sfn] atfP . k|x/Ln] c+zrng, s'6lk6, s]lx ;fj{hlgs ck/fw, r]s cgfbf/, rf]/L, ha{hl:ts/0fL, hfn;femL, h'jf, 7uL, k|ltlnlk clwsf/, ax'ljjfx, a}lsË s;'/, nfu' cf}ifw, n]gb]g, ;jf/L Hofg, ;/sf/L 5fk b:tvt lst{] nufotsf d'2fdf km/f/ /x]sfx?nfO{ kqmfp u/L # s/f]8 $( nfv !& xhf/ % ;o &) ?k}of c;'n]sf] 5 . s}b / hl/jfgf c;'n u/L d'2f km};nf sfof{Gjog ug{] cleofg lta| agfO{g] k|d'v v8\sfn] atfP . cj}B sf7, h'jf tf;, nfu' cf}ifw, 3/]n' dlb/f gi6, ufFhf km8fgL, eG;f/ rf]/L lgsf;L, cft;afhL tyf k6sf lgogq0f / aGo hGt' cf];f/k;f/ lgoGq0fdf cleofg g} rnfO{Psf] 5 . ck/fw Go"lgs/0fsf nflu k|x/Ln] dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf lj?4 x'g] ph'/L pk/ tTsfn ;Daf]wg ug{], btf{ k|efjsf/L / cg';gwfg k|s[of cuf8L a9fpg], kLl8t ;+/If0fsf nflu dlxnf afFsL @# k]hdf

NIST df egf{ v'Nof] lgi6 sn]h ag]kfdf lgDg sfo{qmdx?df egf{ v'Nof] Û B.Sc. CSIT (Bachelor in Science & Information Technology)

BIM BCA (Bachelor in Computer Application)

(Bachelor in Information Management)

B.Sc.

General (CBZ)

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s/sf] eGbf hgfj/sf] 8/ w'lnv]n÷ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt sfe|]n] !# j6f ;/sf/sf k|d'v, sfof{no k|dv ' / ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfosf k|dv ' x?sf] a}7s cfof]hgf u/L !$ j6f k|:tfjdf 5nkmn ub{} sfof{Gjogsf nflu k|ltj4tf AoQm u/]sf] 5 . sfof{nox?sf] gofF ;+/rgf tyf ;]jf k|jfx ;DjGwLsf] cj:yf, ;'/Iff ;DjGwL ;+/rgf / ;]jfk|jfx ;DjGwLsf] Aoj:yf, :yfgLo txx?sf] rfn' cfjsf sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] cj:yf, ;]jf k|jfx / s/ /fhZj Aoj:yfkg, ;fIf/ lhNnf 3f]if0ff, v'Nnf lbzfd'Qm cleofg tyf 3f]if0ffsf] tof/L, lghfdtL ;]jf lbj;sf cj;/df hgk|ltlglw tyf sd{rf/L aLrsf] d}qLk"0f{ km'6an v]nsf] cfof]hgf / To;sf] Aoj:yfkg, :yfgLo txx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf; ;DjGwL of]hgf,

d'VodGqL tyf dGqLkl/ifb\ sfof{no, k|b]z # af6 dfu ePsf ljj/0f, dlxnf lx+;f tyf /fli6«o lbj;x?sf] tof/Lsf ;DjGwdf 5nkmn ePsf] ;dGjo k|d'v p4j s];Ln] hfgsf/L lbP . a}7sn] :yfgLo ;/sf/, sfof{no k|dv ' x?n] p7fPsf ;jfnx?sf af/]df lhNnfaf6 ;Daf]wg ug{ ;lsg] ljifodf tTsfn sfof{Gjog ug{] / k|b]z tyf ;+3 ;/sf/n] ug{] lg0f{ox?sf] Wofgfsif{0f ug{] atfP . a}7sdf :yfgLo ;/sf/sf k|dv ' x?n] 5f8f s's/' , 5f8f kz' rf}kfof, h+unL hgfjf/sf sf/0f ;j{;fwf/0fn] Aoxf]/]sf] x}/fgLdf ;'/Iff k|bfg ug{ :yfgLo ;/sf/n] g;s]sf] u'gf;f] AoQm u/] . ;/sf/sf k|d'vx?n] s/sf b/ ;fdfGo ePsf] t/ xNnf a9L ePsf] atfpFb} :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{ hgfjf/af6 vt/f /x]sf] atfP . ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf k|dv ' nIdL g/l;+ afb]n] afFsL !* k]hdf

gu/ kd|v ' Aof~h' sl]Gbo| cWoIf g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf] 5}6f} clwa]zgaf6 w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf gu/ k|d'v tyf gu/kflnsf ;+3sf ;+of]hs czf]s Aof~h' ;j{;Ddt lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt ePsf 5g\ .

Aof~h' lgjf{lrt eP nuQ} ;ky u|x0f, kbef/ u|x0f / klxnf] a}7s ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . a}7sn] b]ze/sf :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{ alnof agfpg tTsfnsf ;d:of / lb3{sflng ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu cfjZos kxn ug{] lg0f{o ePsf] 5 . gu/ k|d'v Aof~h' @)%$ ;fnsf] :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rgdf w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] pkk|dv ' eO{ ;+3sf] pkfWoIfdf lgjf{lrt ePsf lyP . pkfWoIf x'bF } Aof~h' w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] k|dv ' df lgjf{lrt

ePkl5 ;+of]hs ePsf x'g\ . ljZjsf ljleGg b]zx?sf] e|d0f afFsL !* k]hdf

gs ] kfsf] lgdf0{fsf] gt]T[j l3l;ªaf6

w'lnv]n÷lgdf{0f Aoj;foL ;+3 sfe|s ] f] ef]nL z'qmaf/af6 z'? x'g]

clwa]zgdf g]skfsf] tkm{af6 dxf;lrj pk]Gb| l3l;ËnfO{ cWoIf agfpg] tof/L ePsf] 5 . b'O{ lbg;Dd w'lnv]ndf x'g] ( cf} lhNnf clwa]zgdf o'jf Aoj;foLx?sf] /f]hfO{df klg ;+3sf jt{dfg dxf;lrj pk]Gb| l3l;Ë k/]sf 5g\ . ;+ 3 sf] sf]iffWoIf eO{ zzQm e"ldsf v]n]sf l3l;Ën] dxf;lrjsf] sfo{sfn klg ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg u/]sf 5g\ . ;a} lgdf{0f Aoj;foLx?sf] lxtdf nfUg] l3l;Ë lgdf{0f If]qsf c;n Aoj;foLsf ?kdf lrlgG5g\ . o'jf Aoj;foLx?n] l3l;Ësf] g]t[Tj ePdf dfq} lgdf{0f Aoj;foLx?sf] clwsf/ / xs ;+/If0f x'g] wf/0ff /fv]sf 5g\ . …Aoj;foLx?sf] lxtdf lgltut lx;fjn] cu|;/ afFsL !* k]hdf

egf{ sfo{qmd, z'Ns, z}lIfs jftfj/0fsf hfgsf/Lsf nflu oyfzL3| SofDk;df :jfut 5 .

NIST College (T.U. Affiliated)

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To;n] klg lzIffdf ePsf] ljs[lt cGTo ug{] lhNnf lzIff ;ldlt / :yfgLo ;/sf/x?sf] of]hgfdf afwf k'¥ofO{/x]sf] lgZsif{ lgsflnPsf] 5 . ctM tTsfn lzIff ;ldltsf] lg0f{o sfof{Gjog u/L unt sfo{ ;Rofpg l9nf ug{' x'Fb}g.

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cfhsf] ljrf/ lhPg k|wfg b]zdf clxn] s/ cft+ssf] gfddf Jofks xNnf dlRrPsf] 5 . ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5 /fHosf] d'Vo cfo;|f]t g} d'n's leqaf6} p7fpg] ljleGg lsl;dsf s/x? x'g\ . d'n'ssf ofjt ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfdx?b]lv /fi6«;]js ;Dk"0f{ lghfdlt sd{rf/Lx?, k|x/L, ;]gf, s'6gLlts JolQmx?, dGqL kl/ifb\sf ;b:o Pj+ :yfgLo txsf hgk|ltlglwx? b]lv ;+3Lo ;+;bsf ;b:ox? / ;fdflhs eQfsf] ?kdf k|bfg ul/g] ckfËeQf, j[4 czQm eQf, Psn dlxnf eQf nufot s]xL uDeL/ k|s[ltsf /f]ux?nfO{ ;xof]u clg e}k/L ?kdf cfpg] ljktsfnLg /fxt ;xof]u cflbx?df lbOg] cg'bfg /sdx? dWo]sf] sl/a ^)Ü eGbf a9L vr{ o;} cfGtl/s s/x? Pj+ b08 hl/jfgfaf6 kl/k"lt{ ug{'kg{] x'G5 .

To;} n ] /fHon] s/x? p7fpg'kg{] /x/sf] ljifo geO{ clgjfo{ cfjZostf Pj+ afWotf xf] . s/ljgfsf] /fHosf] ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] sNkgf klg ug{ ;lsGgF . ljZjsf s'gk} lg ;fj{ef}d d'ns ' x? s/ ljgf /fHo ;+rfng x'g ;ls/x]sf] Oltxf; 5}g . hlt;'s} wlg jf ;DkGg /fi6«x? lsg gx'g\ s/}n] rn]sf 5g\ . rfx] cd]l/sf x'g,\ rfx] hfkfg, a]nfot, :jLh/Nof08, l;Ëfk'/, k|mfG;, hd{g cflb b]zx? g} lsg gx'g\ s/n] g} /fHo rn]sf 5g\ / ;DkGg klg ePsf 5g\ . olx s/s} sf/0fn] b]zx? ljsl;t ePsf 5g\ / hgtfx?n] klg /fHo jf b]zsf] ;/sf/af6 oy]i7 ;'ljwfx? k|fKt ul//x]sf 5g\ . ufpF, zx/, 6f]n, j:tL–j:tLx?df ;a} s'/fx?sf] ;'ljwfx? k'¥ofpg ;kmn 5g\ . k|z:t pBf]uwGbf / Joj;fox? ;+rfng ug{sf nflu klg ;xh ePsf] 5 / pBf]u snsf/vfgf / Joj;fox?af6 dgUo nfe cfh{g u/L JolQm :jod\ / /fHo wgL agfpg d2t k'lu/x]sf] 5 .

To;}n] s/ lng', s/ p7fpg' 7"nf] s'/f] xf]Og, o;sf] ;xL ;b'kof]u x'g ;Sg'k¥of], ug{ ;Sg'k¥of] . cd]l/sf, a]nfot, hfkfg, :jLh/Nof08, l;Ëfk'/, rLg cflb h:tf b]zx? TolQs} wlg / ljsl;t d'n's ag]sf x}gg\ . tL b]zx?df p7fOPsf s/x? jf /fhZjdf hDdf x'g cfPsf /sdx?sf] k"/fsf k"/f ;b'kof]u ePsf 5g\ . x'bF } cfPsf 5g\ . o;}n] oL b]zx?sf hgtfx? /fHon] tf]ls lbPsf s/x? ltg{df cToGt v'zL klg 5g\ . /fHo ;/sf/af6 pBf]u÷snsf/vfgf, Jofkf/ Joj;fox?, cWoog / cg';Gwfgsf nflu cfjZos ;Dk"0f{ Joj:yf;d]t /fHo ;/sf/af6 x'Fb}

cfPsf] 5, ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf] 5 . oBlk xfd|f] b]z g]kfn klg k|frLg ls/fFtsfn zf;g Joj:yf b]lv g} 3/hUuf s/, cfoft s/, pTkfbg / ljqmL ljt/0f s/ ;d]t lnFb} cfPsf] Oltxf; ;fIfL 5 . t/ h] h;/L /fHon] ljleGg lsl;dn] ljleGg gfddf s/x? p7fpFb} / /fHosf]ifdf hDdf x'Fb} cfP tL /fhZjsf gub jf ;'g rfFbL h:tf lhlg; ;DklQx? /fHosf dflns :jod\ /fhf dxf/fhfx?n] b]zsf] cfjZos ljsf; ub{} hfg', hgtfx?sf] ;]jf ;'ljwfx?df Wofg k'¥ofpg' eGbf cfkm\g} lghL ;DklQ 7fg]/ P]; cf/fd / ef]uljnf;df vr{ ug{ ;Lldt eP . olx l;sf] b/jfl/of cGo ef/bf/x?, pRr sd{rf/Lx?n] klg ug{ k'u] / e|i6frf/sf] hu a;fNg yfn] . olx JolQmx? / o;} ;dob]lv ;'?jft ePsf] e|i6frf/ 3';vf]/Lsf] df]xn] h/f xfNg yfn] . xf] olx s'/fsf] ljsl;t ?k xf] cfhsf] Jofks e|i6frf/, r/d 3';vf]/L . olxaf6 z'? eof] cgk]lIft sfnf] ahf/L / aLraLraf6 gfkmf lng] ljrf}lnof gfkmf k|jl[ Q . clg cfkm\gf] nflu cfkm}+ ljsf; ug{k' g{] / hf]h;/L ePklg sdfpg} kg{] kl/kf6Lsf] ;'?jft . xfdL / xfd|f] b]z alnof] / wlg agfpmF eGg] efjgfaf6 ;Lldt eP/ cfkm" dfq agf},+ cfkm\gf] Psf3/sf JolQmx? dfq agf}+ cflb cflb . oxL k/Dk/f al;;s]/ g} xf]nf xfd|f] slj lz/f]dl0f n]vgfy kf}8o\ fnn] o:tf sljtf /rgf ug{ k'u] h;sf] Ps x/km o:tf] /x]sf] 5–æcfkm}+ vfpmF cfkm}+ nufpmF, df]hdHhf ;a} cfkm}+ u?F, c? ;a} d?g\ b'an{ x? .Æ xf] xfdL g]kfnLx?df olx :jfyL{ efjgfn] alnof];uF hu al;;s]sf] 5 . cxd\ :jfyL{kgfsf] k/Dk/f al;;s]sf] 5 . cfkm"nfO{ eP eof] c?nfO{ h];s ' } xf];\ eGg] lgdf{x] Lkgfn] 3/ hdfO;s]sf] 5 . of] vfnsf] ;+sL0f{ ;f]rsf] efjgf /fHo k|dv ' /fhf dxf/fhf, /fi6«klt, k|wfgdGqL, dGqLx? b]lv ;fdfGo sfof{nosf lkogx? ;Dd afgL al;;s]sf] 5 . b]z jf /fHosf] lhDdf kfPsf k|dv ' , k|dv ' JolQmx? g} ;aeGbf al9 e|i6, ;aeGbf 7"nf] rf]/ x'g k'us ] f] 5 . rfx] k|x/L k|dv ' cfOlhkL egf} rfx] ;]gf k|dv ' k|wfg;]gfklt jf Gofofno k|dv ' k|wfg GofofwLz g} lsg gx'g\ Oltxf;sf] k|df0fn] ;fljt ul/;s]sf] 5 . eG;f/, dfnkf]t / gfkL sfof{nox? t emg} gfd} km]//] …3';s'08Ú sfof{nox? /fVg'kg{] eO;s]sf] 5 . hxfF sfof{no k|dv ' b]lv kfn] -lkog_ ;Dd g} x}l;ot cg';f/sf] …3';Ú

lhNnfdf========================

kfFrvfn gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] kfFrvfn k|x/L rf}sLnfO{ s >]0fLsf] Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] 5 . kfFrvfnsf j8f gDj/ !, @, # / $ gDj/ j8f x]g]{ rf}sLn] c/lgsf] nf]sdfu{;uF hf]l8Psf] vfjf b]lv bf]nfn3f6sf] %@ lsnf];Ddsf] ;8sdf ;jf/L rfk, s[lif tyf cGo pBf]ux?, Aofkf/Ls tyf k|:tfljt cf}wf]lus If]qsf] lgdf{0f, gu/kflnsfsf] sfof{no, a9\bf] hg3gTj, /fhdfu{ ul:t, 6«flkms Aoj:yfkg nufotsf cfwf/df :t/f]GgtL ug{' kg{] cf}lrTo k'li6 ul/Psf] 5 . k|x/L rf}sL vfjfn] kfFrvfnsf] % / ^ gDj/ j8f x]g]{ 5 eg] k|x/L rf}sL afn'jfn] j8f gDj/ !! / !@ x]g5 ]{ . To:t} Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no eujtL:yfgn] kfFrvfnsf] &,*,( / !) gDj/ x]g5 ]{ . pQm Onfsf v >]0fLsf] Onfsf xf] . k|x/L rf}sL ltdfna];Ln] kfFrvfnsf] j8f gDj/ !# nfO{ x]g5 ]{ . d08gb]pk'/ gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] lxu'jfkf6L k|x/L rf}sLnfO{ Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no s >]0fLdf :t/f]GgtL ug{] k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . l;Gw'kfNrf]s;Fu hf]l8Psf], gofF ;+/rgf cg';f/ Aofkf/Ls If]q km}nbF } uPsf], dlb/f pTkfbg, ljqmL ljt/0f nufotsf ck/flws sfo{x? x'g ;Sg] ;DefjgfnfO{ Go'g ug{ pQm If]qdf /x]sf] k|x/L rf}sLn] gu/kflnsfsf] j8f gDj/ &,*,(,!),!! / !@ x]g]{ u/L :t/f]GgtLsf] k|:tfj ul/Psf] xf] . k|x/L rf}sL b]pk'/n] d08gs} j8f gDa/ !,@,#,$,% / ^ gDj/ x]g5 ]{ . k|:tfljt of]hgfdf HofDbL x]g]{ u/L csf{] rf}sL k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . gdf]a4' gu/kflnsfsf] es'08]df /x]sf] k|x/L rf}sL ;fljs k|x/L rf}sL d]R5]kf}jfsf] xf] . gdf]a4' & es'08] Aofkf/Ls If]q x'bF } uPkl5 ;z:q o'4sf] ;dodf d]R5]kf}jfaf6 es'08] ;fl/Psf] lyof] . d]R5]kf}jfsf gful/sn] zflGt ;'/Iff sfod;Fu} rf}sL lkmtf{ dfu u/]sf] eP klg pQm rf}sL lkmtf{ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ljkL /fhdfu{sf] k|dv ' s]Gb| x'bF } uPsf] es'08] t]dfn ufpFkflnsf hfg] d'Vo s]Gb| klg xf] . ;jf/Lsf] rfk a[4L, a'4lrQsf] sf/f]jf/, ljkL /fhdfu{ x'bF } cf];f/k;f/ x'g] ljleGg ;fdfu|Lx?, hg3gTj a[4L nufotsf sf/0f pQm rf}sLnfO{ :t/f]GgtL u/L s >]0fLsf] Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no lgdf{0f ug{' kg{] cf}lrTo k'li6 u/]sf] 5 . pQm rf}sLn] gdf]a4' gu/kflnsfsf] j8f gDj/ @,#,$,^,&,* / ( gDa/nfO{ x]g5 ]{ . To:t} k|x/L rf}sL lzv/k'/f xfn sfgk'/df /x]sf] k|x/L rf}sLn] gdf]a4' s} j8f gDj/ % x]g5 ]{ . ;fljs ledvf]/L uflj; ( lzv/k'/ xfn /f]zL ufpFkflnsf j8f gDj/ !@ df /x]sf] k|x/L rf}sL zz:q 4G4sfndf ;fljs sfgk'/uflj; xfnsf] gdf]a4' gu/kflnsf % sfgk'/df :yfkgf k'g:{ yfkgf ePsf] lyof] . pQm rf}sLsf gfddf :yfgLox?n] hUuf pknAw u/fPsf 5g\ . ;f]lx :yfgdf gofF k|x/L rf}sL :yfkgfsf nflu l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] 5 . /f]zL ufpFkflnsfsf] lzv/k'/df k'/fg} k|x/L rf}sL k'g:{ yfkgfsf] cf}lrTo k'li6 ul/Psf] 5 . k|x/L rf}sL Zofdkf6Ln] gdf]a4' gu/kflnsfsf] j8f gDj/ !,!! / !) gDj/ x]g5 ]{ . /fz ] L ufpkFflnsfsf] du+n6f/ Onfsf kx|/L sfofn{on] j8f gDj/ &,*,( / !) xg]5]{ . vx/k]fuFn'] /fz ] L ufpkFflnsfsf] j8f gDj/ !,@ / # xg]5]{ . kx|/L rfs } L s6~'hj]z ] Ln] /fz ] Ls} j8f gDj/ $,% / ^ xg]5]{ . kx|/L rfs } L lzv/k/'n] j8f gDj/ !! / !@ xg]]{ u/L gdfa]4'sf] sfgk/'df /xs ] f] rfs } Ldf gofF :yfkgf u/L k/'fg} rfs } L kg':{yfkgfsf] dfu ul/Psf] 5 . dxfef/t ufpFkflnsfdf /x]sf] Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no uf]s'n]n] j8f gDj/ !,@ / * j8f x]g{]5 . pQm Onfsf v >]0fLsf] xf] . k|x/L rf}sL kmf]lS;Ë6f/nfO{ dxfef/tsf] j8f gDj/ # / $ x]g{] lhDd]jf/L lbO{Psf] 5 . k|x/L rf}sL agv'rf}/nfO{ j8f gDj/ %,^ / & x]g{] u/L dxfef/t ufpFkflnsf j8f gDj/ ^ agv'rf}/df :yfgfGt/0f ug{ k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . ufpFkflnsf s]Gb|df Onfsf k|zf;g :yfkgf ePsf], a}s :yfkgf tyf cGo sfof{nox? ;d]t

vfgdf pRr Voflt kfO;s]sf] 5 . olx sf/0fn] cfkm" / cfkm\gf ;Gtfgx?nfO{ s;/L P];, cf/fd, ;'v;on / df]hd:tLsf] cfgGbbfoL hLjg lng], lbnfpg] eGg] s'/fn] g} b]zsf] ;du| ljsf; lj;{g k'u] . log} JolQmx? x'g,\ hf] c?af6 lng kNs]sf . afgL a;]sf 5g\ ;/sf/nfO{ rflxg] cfjZos s/x? ltg{ cfgfsfgL ug{,] ufx|f] dfGg], rsf{] lj/f]w ug{x] ? klg log} x'g\ / clxn] b]zdf wlgdfgL, x'gv ] fg], ;DkGg / ;f}lvg hLjg ljtfpg] ju{df logLx? g} kb{5g\ . olx /o:t} JolQm x'g\ hf] c?af6 lng hfg]sf x'G5g\ / lbg hfg]sf x'Fb}gg\ . ctM clxn] /fHon] p7fpg nfluPsf] gofF s/ k|0ffnLn] Tolx JolQmx? cft+lst / ql;t 5g\ hf] cs't ;DklQsf] dflns 5 . logLx? cfkm\gf] ckf/ s/ r'Qmfaf6 d'lQm kfpg ;fgf ;fdfGo ;DklQsf gful/sx?nfO{ xf}jf drfP/ /fHos/sf] lj/f]wdf prfln/x]sf 5g\ . olx

ofqf ug{, czQm / c;xfo s'g}klg gful/sn] /fi6«af6 kfpg] ;]jf ;'ljwfhgs ?kdf kfpg ;lsof];\ cyjf ;xL 7fpFdf, l7s lsl;dn] /fhZjsf] k|of]u xf];\ ! ?k}ofF, ! k};f klg b'?kof]u gxf];\ . of] g} ;a}sf] rfxgf xf], ;a}sf] ck]Iff olx xf] . jf:tjdf clxn] sltko s'/fx?df /fHonfO{, dxfgu/kflnsf, gu/kflnsf ufpFkflnsf cflb s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/, k|bz ] ;/sf/ / :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] cfly{s sf]if j[l4 ug{] gfddf 5r'jf 9+un], dgk/L lsl;dn] ljleGg lsl;dsf] s/x? p7fO/x]sf 5g\, o;jfkt hgtfn] s'gk} lg lsl;dsf] ;'ljwfx? kfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . x'g t s/ tyf /fhZj ;+sng ug{] sfo{ klxnf] xf] eg] dflg;x?nfO{ ;'ljwf k|bfg ul/g] sfo{ bf];f| ] xf] . t;y{ s/ p7fpg'k5{ Gofof]lrt 9+un] p7fpg'k5{ / olx cg';f/n] ;'ljwfx?nfO{ klg lbFb} hfg'k5{ . o;f] ePdf clxn] s/j[l4af6 c;Gt'li6 ePsfx?, cfqmf]lzt ePsf ;j{;fwf/0f jf ;r]t

s/ j[l4nfO{ d"n d'2f agfP/ hgtfx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] kIfdf kfg{ ;lsG5 ls egL ePe/sf] cfkm\gf zlQm nufO/x]sf 5g\ . cfkm" ;/sf/df x'bF f ul/Psf] pRr s/j[l4x?nfO{ sfnf] kbf{n] 5]Sg] k|of; u/]/ b]zsf] ljsf; lgdf{0fdf z'Gotf sfod /fv]sf] klg ;r]t ;a} g]kfnLn] lj;{s ] f 5}gg\ . lgjf{rgaf6 ;d{gfs k/flht eP/ sf=d'df ;Lldt eO;s]sf sfd rnfpsf cj}w ;/sf/n] a]nf g s'a]nfsf] ljgf ah]6 x'g] gx'g], ldNg] gldNg] ;a} 7fpFdf df}lvs /sd a9fP/ hfg s'g ;|f]tsf] sNkgf u/]sf lyP s/ cft+ssf] xfpu'hL drfpg k'u]sf g]kfnL sfFu|];n] . t/ o;f] eGb}df of] n]vsf] cfzo of] xf]Og ls ;/sf/n] u/]sf] s/ j[l4df k"0f{tM ;dy{g 5 . o;y{ /fHon] /fHo ;+rfngsf] nflu s/x? -/fhZjx?_ p7fpg'k5{, clgjfo{ cfjZostf klg xf] . s/ p7fpg', /fhZj ;+sng ug{' sf]xL s;}sf] cfly{s cfjZostf k"/f ug{sf] nflu dfq gxf];,\ :jf:Yo pkrf/sf] gfddf cgfjZos xjfO ;o/sf] lan agfpg gxf];\ . ljsf; lgdf{0fsf s'/fx? sfuhd} ;Lldt /fv]/ e|i6frf/ ug{÷ug{ nufpgdf gxf];\ . s/x? -;+slnt /fhZjx?_ o;/L ;b'kof]u xf];\ ls hgtfsf cfwf/e"t cfjZostfx? -:jf:Yo, lzIff, vfg]kfgL, ;8s, ljB't cflb_ df s'g} sdL gxf];\, Gofo, ;'zf;g / ljsf;sf] cg'e"lt ;a}n] ug{ kfcf];\ . b]zsf hgtfx?n] cK7]/f] / cefjsf] dx;'; s'g}klg 7fpFdf ug{ gk/f];\ . s/ tyf /fhZjx? ltg{ k/]sf]df lrQ b'vfOsf] 7fpF clnslt klg gxf];\ . a? al9eGbf a9L s/, /fhZjx? ltg{df k|]/0ff tyf pT;fx hfu[t xf];\ . pBf]uLx?n] 9'Sssf ;fy s/ ltg{, Jofkf/Lx?nfO{ lgjf{w ?kdf Jofkf/ ug{, ;a} lsl;dsf /fi6«;]js ;fj{hlgs sd{rf/Lx?n] clnslt klg u}/nfesf] efjgf g/fvLsg sfd ug{, ofq'x?n] lgjf{w?kdf cfgGb;Fu

gful/sx? v'zL x'g k'U5g\, lrQ a'emfpg yfN5g\ . cfkm"x?n] s/ ltl/Psf]df kZrftfk ug{] 5}gg\ / ;/sf/ aflx/ /x]/ ;Qfdf a:g gkfO{ 56\k6fx6sf] lj/f]wL :j/x?nfO{ k6\ofpg] 5}gg\ . clxn] Psy/Lsf dflg;x? olx s/ p7fpg] jf c;'Ng] :yfgLo ;/sf/ / s]lGb|o ;/sf/sf sf/0f g]kfndf ;+3Lotf g} ckmfkl;4 5 egL ;+3LotfnfO{ c;kmn kfg{] if8oGqx? ;d]t eO/x]sf] klg 5 . t;y{ sltko :yfg jf gu/kflnsf, ufpFkflnsfx?df cg'lrt 9+un] cToflws s/x? p7fpg] u/]sf], p7fPsf] ;lx ;To /x]sf] 5÷kfOG5 tfklg o;nfO{ w]/} cft+lst agfpg] / a9LeGbf a9L g} xNnf lkmFhfpg] sfd u/]sf]nfO{ klg a'em\gk} 5{ . jt{dfgsf] ;+3Lo ;+/rgf cg';f/ :jefljs ?kdf klg w]/} vr{ nfU5 g} . ;+3Lotfsf] k|f/lDes r/0f ePsf] x'gfn] sltko s'/fx? gofF ?kdf Joj:yf ug{k' 5{ . of] k"/f ug{] sfd eg]sf] olx ;/sf/sf] xf] . olb of] cj:yfdf sDo'lgi6 ;/sf/sf] :yfgdf g]kfnL sfFu;]| jf c? s'g} kf6L{sf] ;/sf/ cfPsf]÷ePsf] eP klg gofF s/ lgwf{/0f u/L p7fpg} kg{] afWofTds cj:yf cfpg] g} lyof] . cem} g]kfnL sfFu;]| sf] ;/sf/ ag]sf] eP xfnsf] s/ j[l4eGbf bzf}u+ 0' ff j[l4 ul/GYof] eGg] s'/fdf s'g} ;Gb]x 5}g . ;f/df s/x? p7fpg'k5{, Gofof]lrt 9+un] p7fpg'k5{, ;lx / pko'Qm 7fpFdf vr{ ug{'k5{ . s/ltg{] hgtfx?sf] dgdf ysys\ nfUg]u/L x}g v'zL / xf};nf k|fKt x'g] u/L ;'ljwf lbg ;Sg'k5{ . s/ cft+ssf] xf}jf lkmhfpg]x?nfO{ plrt hjfkm lbg;sg] jftfj/0f agfOlbg'k5{ . c? /fi6«sf] d'v tfs]/ k/hLjL ag]/ x}g cfGtl/s o:t} s/x?af6 /fHo cfTdlge{/ aGg ;Sg'k5{ . lj/f]wsf nflu lj/f]w ug{] 7fpF agfOlbP/ x}g, lj/f]w ug{] d'v aGb ug{] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{'k5{ . a;\ of] ;/sf/sf] ;du| Wofg o;}df hfg'k5{, nufpg'k5{ .

/fHon] /fHo ;+rfngsf] nflu s/x? p7fpg'k5{, clgjfo{ cfjZostf klg xf] . s/ p7fpg', /fhZj ;+sng ug{' sf]xL s;}sf] cfly{s cfjZostf k"/f ug{sf] nflu dfq gxf];\, :jf:Yo pkrf/sf] gfddf cgfjZos xjfO ;o/sf] lan agfpg gxf];\ . ljsf; lgdf{0fsf s'/fx? sfuhd} ;Lldt /fv]/ e|i6frf/ ug{÷ug{ nufpgdf gxf];\ .

;'/Iff, gful/sx?sf] hg3gTjsf sf/0f rf}sL :yfgfGt/0f ul/g' kg{] cf}lrTo k'li6 ul/Psf] 5 . :yfgLo ;/sf/n] k6s k6s pQm rf}sL :yfgfGt/0fsf nflu dfu ub{} cfPsf] lyof] . vfgLvf]nf ufpFkflnsfdf /x]sf] k|x/L rf}sL tfN9'+ufnfO{ j8f gDj/ %,^ / & j8f x]g{] lhDd]jf/L lbO{Psf] 5 eg] k|x/L rf}sL kmnfd]6f/nfO{ j8f gDj/ !,@,# / $ x]g{] lhDd]jf/L k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . a]yfGrf]s ufpFkflnsfdf /x]sf] k|x/L rf}sLnfO{ v >]0fLsf] Onfsf k|x/L sfof{nosf ?kdf :t/f]GgtLsf] k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . ^ j6f j8fdf Pp6f dfq} rf}sL /x]sfn] pQm rf}sLnfO{ :t/gf]GgtL ul/g' kg{] k|:tfj ul/Psf] xf] . ufpFkflnsfsf] s]Gb|, a+}sx?, SofDk; tyf lzIf0f ;+:yf, cGo sfof{nox?, ;a} j8fsf] s]Gb| / hg3gTj a9\b} uPsfn] rf}sLaf6 v >]0fLsf] Onfsfsf] cf}lrTo k'li6 ul/Psf] xf] . t]dfn ufpFkflnsfsf] kr'jf/3f6df /x]sf] k|x/L rf}sLn] j8f gDj/ !,@,#,$ / ^ x]g{]5 eg] k|x/L rf}sL kf]v/L gf/fo0f:yfgdf k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . pQm rf}sLn] j8f gDj/ % / & x]g{]5 . t]dfn ufpFkflnsfsf] s]Gb| ;d]t ;f]lx If]qdf kg{]5 . a}s :yfkgf, hg3gTj tyf ;a} j8fx?sf] s]Gb| ePsfn] cfjthfjt ;d]t w]/} ePsfn] pQm :yfgdf gofF rf}sLsf] cfjZostf dx;'; ul/Psf] xf] . rf}sL gePs} sf/0f ufpFkflnsfdf cem} a}s :yfkgf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . d]R5]kf}jfaf6 es'08]df lj:yflkt ePsf] k|x/L rf}sLnfO{ ;d]t k'g{:yfkgf ug{ / j8f gDj/ * / ( sf gful/sx?nfO{ ;'/Iff k|bfg ug{ k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . es'08]df ePsf] k|x/L rf}sLnfO{ :t/f]GgtL ug{] / Onfsf agfpg], d]R5]kf}jfdf k'/fg} rf}sL k'g{:yfkgf ug{] k|:tfj ul/Psf] xf] . rf}/Lb]p/fnL ufpFkflnsfsf] Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no sflQs]b]p/fnLn] j8f gDj/ !, @, #, ^, &, * / ( nfO{ x]g{]5 . k|:tfj ul/Psf] gofF k|x/L rf}sL ufpFkflnsfsf] s]Gb| 9f8vs{df x'g]5 . j8f gDj/ $ / % nfO{ x]g{] u/L ufpFkflnsfsf] s]Gb|df k|x/L rf}sL :yfkgf x'Fbf a}+s nufotsf cGo If]qsf] ;'/IffnfO{ ;d]t ;xof]u k'Ug]5 . pQm :yfgdf ufpFkflnsf cfkm}n] ejg lgdf{0f ul/lbP/ c:yfoL k|x/L rf}sL :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 . e'Dn' ufpFkflnsfsf] bf]nfn3f6df /x]sf] k|x/L rf}sLn] e'Dn'sf] *,( / !) gDj/ j8fnfO{ x]g{]5 eg] k|x/L rf}sL rf}af;n] e'Dn'sf] j8f gDj/ !,@,# / $ x]g{]5 . To:t} k|x/L rf}sL kmnfF6]nfO{ ufpFkflnsfsf] s]Gb| j8f gDj/ % ;Nn] e'Dn'df :yfgfGt/0f ug{ k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . kmnfF6] j8f gDj/ & df kg{]5 . s]Gb|sf lx;fjn] pQm If]q ckfos xf] .

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/fli6«o ;"rgf cfof]u hGd, afNosfn, cf}krfl/s lzIffM h'Dnf xfd|f] k'vf{ /x]5 . wflbËsf] s]jnk'/df d]/f] k'vf{ a;fO{ ;/fO{ cfPsf] /x]5 . Tolx :yfgdf @)!% ;fn kmfu'g !% ut] d]/f] hGd eof] . afNosfndf wflbËsf] s]jnk'/d} /x]+ . k|lz4 sjL s]jnk'/] ls;fg cyft{ b]ljk|;fb kf}8o\ fn x'gx' G' Yof] . pxfF / pxfFsf] >LdtLn] vf]ns ] f] !((@ ;fndf vf]ns ] f] s]jnk'/] kf7zfnf lyof] . ;fgf] ;fgf] cIf/ l;sfpg], kq n]Vg l;sfpg], b'gf]6 l;sfpg], sfg'gsf ljifodf hfgsf/L u/fpg] y'k}| s'/f l;sfO{GYof] . g]kfnsf af/]df w]/} s'/f hfgsf/L u/fO{GYof] . uf}td a'4, ;u/dfyf, 8fFkm], u}8fsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg] ul/GYof] . To;nfO{ sIff $ kf; elgGYof] . a'af ;/sf/L hflu/df ePsfn] d}n] sIff ! b]lv !) ;Dd cWoog !) j6} ljBfnoaf6 u/]+ . wflbËaf6 xfd|f] a;fO{ ;/fO{ lrtjgdf eof] . lrtjgaf6 P;Pn;L u/]+ . cfO{P Tolxaf6 u/]+ . gfoa;'Aaf ePF ljP cWoog ubf{ . kf6g Sofdk;af6 ljP u/]+ . kl5 :tfgs u/]+ . sfg'gdf klg :gfts u/]+ . cWoog;Fu} hflu/] hLjg klg z'? u/]sf] lyPF . afNosfnsf c;fWo} /fd|f s'/fx? eP . d hGd]sf] s]lx ;dod} cfdf lj/fdL x'g' eP5 . kf6gdf /x]sf] zfGt c:ktfn xfnsf] kf6g c:ktfndf egf{ ul/Psf] /x]5 . tLg jif{;Dd cfdfnfO{ c:ktfn /fVbf dfdf3/sf] xh'/cfdf a:g' ePsf] /x]5 3/df . pxfFn] dnfO{ b'w v'jfpg afv|f lslgPsf] /x]5 . dnfO{ afv|fsf] b'w v'jfP/ x'sfO{Psf] /x]5 . 3/df sfd ug{] gf]s/ rfs/ elgFbf] /x]5 .sfG5f] sfdL / Ps hgf nf7f] bfO{ /flvPsf] /x]5 . a'afn] k};f lbPsf] dfG5];uF k};f p7fpg sfG5f] sfdL / dnfO{ k7fpg] lg0f{o eof] . ds} e'6/] dnfO{ km'n} km'n / sfG5f] sfdLnfO{ 7]6g\ f lbP/ k7fO{Psf] lyof] . Psn] csf{n] fO{ 5'g' x'bF g} lyof] . vf]nf tg{] a]nf cfof] . d tg{ ;Sg] cj:yfdf lyO{g . vf]nfdf v'§f 8'afpg nufP/ sfG5f] sfdLn] dnfO{ lk7\od' f af]s] . vf]nfaf6 glgl:sb} dnfO{ 5fl8lbP . kfgLdf 5f]Psf] s]lx x'bF g} eg] .

To;kl5 xfdLn] cnUu} a;]/ vfhf vfof}+ . 3/df kfx'gf cfpFbf yfn k'Ub}g lyof] . slxn]sfFlx plgx?n] vfPsf] yfn 3fddf ;'sfPkl5 dfq} leq nluGYof] . kfx'gf cfpFbf yfn k'ug] eg] lr;} leq nu]/ cfuf]sf] lkmlnËf]n] rf]Vofpg] rng lyof] . o:tf] 5'jf5't / e]befj Tolta]nf w]/} lyof] . ljBfno hfFbf dnfO{ rs6L 6fpsf]df af]Sg ldNg] gfDnf] ;lxtsf] agfO{ lbg' ePsf] lyof] . lkknsf] af]6 d'gL a;]/ afXv/L k9\g] u/]sf lyof}+ . pd]/ / sIff dtna lyPg . sIff ! b]lv % ;Dd ;a} s]jnk'/] ls;fgn] Ps} k6s k9fpg' x'GYof] . ;a} hgf rs6L sfvLdf Rofk]/ hfg] ub{y] . afNosfndf d c;fWo} cf1fsf/L lyPF . d]/f] bfO{ clns p6\km6\ofË ug{' x'GYof] . pxfF k|x/L ;]jfdf uP/ l8P:kL eP/ l/6fo8{ x'g' eof] . bfO{ clns 5's5's ug{ dg k/fpg' x'GYof] . bfO{sf] cltl/Qm s[ofsnfk afgL w]/} lyof] . k9fO{ n]vfO{df d pDbf ePF . p6\km6\ofË ePg . lrtjgdf uPkl5 vf]nfdf kf}8L v]Ng] sfd ul/of] . 6fpsf]n] klxnf kfgLdf 5'g] u/L kf}8L v]Nbf ;fdfGo 3fp nfu]sf] ofb 5 . alb{ofdf dxfsjL nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f :s'ndf sIff $ df cWoog ub{y+] . bfO{ / lbbL ;Fu} x'gx' G' Yof] . Tof] ljBfnodf Ps hgf lzIfs x'gx' G' Yof] ;a} hgf 8/fpFy] . pxfFn] yf]/} k9]sf] t/ ljBfyL{nfO{ ql;t agfpg' x'GYof] . xfdL y8{ df:6/sf]df 6\o;' g k9\g hfg] u/]sf lyof}+ . pxfFn] k9fO{/xFbf sldnf eGg] sljtf n]vs ] f] lyPF . Tof] sljtf :s'nsf] leQ] klqsf ljF8L eGg]df k|sfzg eof] . s[i0fx/L sldnf eGg] d]/f] 6fO{6n g} a:of] . !) jif{;Dd Tof] gfd rlr{t eof] . Tof] sljtf :s'ndf rlr{t eof] . t/ lzIfsn] dnfO{ sfg ;dfTg' ePsf] lyof] . d Ps k6s cleefjssf] ;dfGo sf/jfxLdf k/]sf] 5' . a'af w'lnv]nsf] e"ld;'wf/df sfd ug{' x'GYof] . dfnkf]t eg]s} e'ld;'wf/ lyof] . w'lnv]nd} xfd|f] 8]/f lyof] . w'lnv]nsf] xfO{:s'ndf egf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . lbbL / bfO{ clg d lyof}+ . a'af hflu/bf/ x'g' ePsfn] ;dodf cfpg ldNb}g lyof] . lbbL / bfO{ klg v]n/] 3/df l9nf cfpg' x'GYof] . ;dod} vfhf vfg kfO{bg} lyof] . d k|yd lyPF . d]/f] ;Fus } f] ;fyL bf]>f] x'GYof] . p;sf] cfdfn] dnfO{ dfof u/]/ 3/d} af]nfpg' x'GYof] . p;nfO{ l;sfpg], vfhf vfg] ubf{ ^ dlxgfsf] cw{ aflif{s kl/Iffdf pgL k|yd eP d bf]>f] ePF . 3/df lbbLx?n] ufnL u/]/ vfhfsf] nf]edf uPsf] / bf]>f] ePsf] eGb} ufnL ug{' eof] . To; kl5 vfhf vfg klg 5fl8lbPF . pgsf] hfg klg 5fl8lbPF . pgL;Fu sl§ u/]+ . sIff * lrtjgdf cWoog ubf{ k'j{ Aoj;foLs lzIff lyof] . To;df Aojxfl/s sfd ub{y+] . ljBfnodf x'g] cltl/Qm s[ofsnfk a'l4 lvofpg]df efu lnPsf] x'Gy]+ . v]nsf s'g} k|ltof]lutfdf efu lnOg . n]vk9 ug{] xflhl/hjfkm, Ao+u, sljtf ;flxTo h:tf If]qdf d]/f] ;lqmotf lyof] . Tolx a]nf b]lv dnfO{ cem} n]vk9 / To:tf ljifodf ?rL a9\of] . kl5 gfoa ;'Aafdf gfd lgsfn]/ clkm;/sf] tof/L ubf{ lstfj lgsfn]sf] lyPF . cfkm} kl/Iff lbg] cfkm} lstfj n]Vg] km/s vfnsf] cg'el' t lyof] . P;Pn;L kf; u/] . Tolx lrtjgd} cfO{P k9]+ . ;]d:] 6/ k|0ffnL lyof] . kf; ePF . z'qmaf/ kl/Iffkmn cfof] . zlgaf/ ljbf eof] . cfO{taf/ nf]s ;]jfsf] gfoa ;'Aafsf] bf]Aa/ b:t'/ lt/]/ kmf/fd eg{ x]6f}8f uPF . SofDk; k|dv ' nfv] ;/nfO{ kq n]Vg nufPF . kmf/fd ebf{ k|df0fkqsf] ;§fdf Tolx kq /fv]+ . d;Fu} cGo % hgfn] kmf/fd eg{' ePsf] /x]5 . ;'o{ bfO{ eGg]n] dnfO{ hf]zL k':ts e08f/df kfO{g] lstfj lsg]/ k9\g eGg' eof] . @* ?k}of lt/]/ & ;o k[i7sf] lstfj lsg]/ cWoog u/]+ . ;a} k[i7 s07:y u/]+ . h] k9]+ Tof] ;a} s07 ug{] afgL d]/f] klxnf b]lv g} lyof] . nf]s;]jfdf klg Tolx eof] .

Tolx sf/0f gfoa ;'Aafdf cGo % hgfsf] gfd lgl:sPg d]/f] gfd lgl:sof] . d ljxfg rfF8} s'v/' fsf] 8fFs;Fu} p7\g] u/]sf] lyPF . cfkm\gf] lgoldt Aofofd u/]/ k'hfkf7 ;s]kl5 lstfj lnP/ cWoog ub{y+] . lstfj x]//] k9\g,] gx]/L s07 x]g,]{ cfkm'n ] cfkm}nfO{ kl/If0f ug{] afgL lyof] . slxNo} gzfn' kbfy{ vfPsf], tf; v]ns ] f], cgfjZos ?kdf s'/f u/]/ a;]sf] ofb 5}g . k|To]s ;do pTkfbglzn sfddf nufpg' k5{ eGg] ;f]r klxnf klg lyof] . slxn]sfFlx n]v n]Vbf n]Vb} clNIf nfUof] eg] cGoq sfd u/]/ tgfjnfO{ sd u5{' . k|sl[ t;Fu /dfP/ 3/ Aojxf/sf] sfd ubf{ cfgGb cfpF5 . Tof] afNosfn b]lv g} afgL nfUof] . clxn] klg Tof] hf/L 5 . a'af hflu/] ePs} sf/0f d lghfdtL ;]jfdf ;xeflu ePsf] lyPF . a'af lrtjgdf e"ld;'wf/ sfof{nodf gfoa ;'Aaf x'gx' G' Yof] . cfO{Psf] kl/Iff lbPkl5 b'O{ dlxgf d]/f] ;do vfnL eof] . e"ld;'wf/ sfof{nodf 6fO{k/fO{6/ vfnL /x]5 . d a'af;Fu lgoldt uP/ 6fO{k ug{ nfu]kl5 c? sd{rf/L xf] eg]/ ;f]Wy] . dnfO{ 6fO{k ul/lbP afkt ;]jfu|xLx? v'zL eP/ df;' lrp/f v'jfpFy] . tna lnP/ sfd u/]sf] xf]Og{ . pxfFx?n] v'zL eP/ 6Gg} v'jfpg' x'GYof] . a'af;Fu clkm;cfpFbf cfwf 306f lx8\g' kb{Yof] . a'afnfO{ ;a}n] gd:sf/ uy{] . lrtjgsf as'nfn wgL dfG5] lyP . pgn] klg gd:sf/ ub{y] . pxfFnfO{ eGbf a'afnfO{ w]/} gd:sf/ u/]sf] b]v/] d}n] Tolx hflu/ vfg] lg0f{o u/]+ . d;Fu} hfFr lbg] AolQmx? pk ;lrj kf; x'g] s'/f ug{' x'GYof] . s'/f w]/} cWoog u/]sf] ;Demg' x'bF f] /x]g5 . xfdL b'Oj{ 6f sf]7fdf a;]/ kl9/x]sf lyof}+ . Pshgf Psgf/fo0f bfO{ x'gx' GYof] . pxfFn] ;'Aafsf] ufO{8 gk9]/ ;fdfGo 1fgsf] lstfj k9\g' eof] . dnfO{ c;Xo eP/ ;f]w+] . pxfFx? ;fdfGo 1fg k9\g] d ufO{8 k9\g] . dnfO{ ;fdfGo 1fgsf w]/} s'/f ljBfnod} cWoog ubf{ s07:y ePsfn] ;xof]u u¥of] . d}n] ;a} kl/Iff v'Nnf kl/Iffaf6 kf; u/]+ . ;x ;lrjaf6 ;lrjdf dfq} a9'jf ePsf] x'F . gfoa;'Aaf, clws[t, ;xfos ;lrj, pk ;lrj, ;x ;lrj cWoog u/]/} gfd lgsfn]sf] xf] . d]/f] a[lQ ljsf; b't| ultdf ePsf] 5 . lghfdtL ;]jfsf ;a} lhDd]jf/L k'/f u/]kl5 Ps jif{ k|zf;g cfof]usf] cWoIf / % jif{ k|dv ' ;"rgf cfof]usf] cfo"Qm eP/ sfd ubf{ ev{/ ^) jif{sf] ePF . gfoa ;'Aaf eP nuQ} ;fdfGo 1fgsf] lstfj n]v+] . sf7df8f}df /x]sf /fdaxfb'/ 8+uf]nn] 5flklbg' eof] . d;Fu lstfj 5fk]sf] k};f lbg lyPg . pxfF;uF @ ;o lstfj dfu]/ nu]+ . l;+xb/jf/ leq / /Tgkfs{ 5]p5fp t'n /fv]/ @$ ?k}ofsf] lstfj !* ?k}of ljqmL u/] . b'O{ lbgd} lstfj ljqmL u/]/ k};f nu]kl5 /fdaxfb'/ 8+uf]nn] d]/f] ! xhf/ yfg k':ts lbg' eof] . clg Pgs] klAn;{;uF $) k|ltzt sld;gdf gub lbg] s'/f eof] . ;a} lstfj pgnfO{ lhDdf nufP/ k};f lnPF . To;sf] ef]lnkN6af6 hflu/] eGg] lgaGw n]Vg yfn]+ . ;]S;g clkm;/nfO{ tfu{6] agfP/ lstfj n]vs ] f] lyPF . kf6g SofDk;df ljP cWoog ub{} lyPF . b'O{ j6f lstfj tof/ u/]/ ;]jf ;DjGwL t]>f] lstfj lgsfNg] tof/Ldf lyPF . kl/Iff lbg sGof dfjLdf uPF . d]/} kmf]6f] ePsf] lstfj cWoog ul//x]sf 5g\ . clkm;/sf] kl/Iff lbg uPsf] a]nf dnfO{ nfh eof] . aNnaNn leq k;]+ . ef]lnkN6 3l06 nfu]sf] ;'gk] l5 dfq} sIff sf]7f leq k;]+ . dnfO{ nfh ufO{8 n]Vg] AolQm g} km]n eP5 eG5g\ eGg] 8/ lyof] . ^ j6f :yfgdf kl/Iff lbPsf] lyPF . ;a} lt/ gfd lgl:sP5 . t/ d}n] k|zf;g ;]jf 5fg]+ . hflu/ z'?M @)#& ;fn h]i7 @* ut] ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] gfoa ;'Aafsf] ?kdf k|jz ] u/]+ . ToxfF c? ;'Aafx? klg lyP . ToxfF Ps hgf AolQm s8f :jefjsf] x'gx' bF' f] /x]5 . dnfO{ kb Aoj:yf zfvfdf lhDd]jf/L lbg' eof] . clws[t lji0f'sd' f/ lrqsf/ x'gx' G' Yof] . pxfF ljsd u/]/ hflu/ vfPsf] cj:yfdf klg clws[t afx]s c? x'g' ePg . dnfO{ ;bfrfl/tf, kf/blz{tf, e|i6frf/ lj/f]wL, hjfkmb]lxtf h:tf y'k}| s'/f l;sfpg' eof] . z]ifgf/fo0f dfgGw/ pk ;lrj x'gx' g' Yof] . cGo dGqfnosf] ;x ;lrjnfO{ xKsfpg' x'GYof] . pxfF c;fWo} ;bfrf/L x'gx' G' Yof] . ch{g' d0fL lblIft, z]ifgf/of0f dfgGw/ lji0f'sd' f/ lrqsf/ c;fWo} /fd|f AolQmx? x'gx' G' Yof] . kl5 clws[t ePF . kl5 klg Tolx sfo{/t /x]+ . kf6g9f]sfdf 8]/f lyP . df:s]x?sf]df 8]/f lyof] . ;'nf]rgf df:s]sf] 3/df !% ?k}ofdf 8]/f ef8f lyof] . # ;o %% ?k}of tna lyof] . b'O{ efO{ / Ps alxgLnfO{ d}n] cWoog u/fPsf] lyPF . $ ;o ?k}ofdf Ps tf]nf ;'g cfpFYof] . plgx?sf] k9fO{, v'jfO{, 3/df bz}df hfFbf cfjZos ;fdfu|L n}hfg dgUo] k};f k'UbYof] . @)&! ;fn ;fpg % ut] ;lrjaf6 #$ jif{sf] ;]jfaf6 ljbf ePF . Ps jif{ k|zf;g ;]jf ;'wf/ cfof]u / % jif{ k|dv ' ;'rgf cfo'Qm x'bF f $) jif{ /fHosf ljleGg

8fo/L dgsf] df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf 3[0ffn] 3[0ff x6fpFb}g . k|]dn] 3[0ff x6fpF5 . cfkm\gf] hLjgnfO{ k|of]u ug{' k5{ . ;nfO{sf] sfF6L p:t} x'g\ . Pp6fn] sf]7fdf pHHofnf] agfpF5 . csf{]n] agdf 88]nf] nufpF5 . ljp /fd|f] ls g/fd|f] eg]/ kmn x]g{' k5{ . dfG5] /fd|f] ls g/fd|f] eg]/ x]g{ p;sf] sfo{z}nL x]g{' k5{ . kbdf / lhDd]jf/Ldf /x]/ ;]jf u/]+ . of] aLrdf d}n] @% jif{ k':ts k|sfzg u/]sf] 5' . s]lx cljZd/0fLo If0f /x] hflu/] hLjgdf . ;xfos ;lrjaf6 pk ;lrj ePF . /fhfn] uf]/vf blIf0fafx' lbg] rng /x]5 . xl/dfg y}j pk ;lrj x'gx' bF' f] /x]5 . z/b e§/fO{ eGg] ;lrj x'g' x' G' Yof] . d}n] xl/dfg y}a @)## ;fnd} pk;lrj eO{;Sg' ePsf] /x]5 . d}n] pxfFnfO{ l;kmfl/; ubf{ z/b e§/fO{n] ufnL ug{' eof] . unt af]n+] eG7fg]+ . pxfFn] dnfO{ g} n]Vg nufpg' eof] t/ d]/} gfd . d em;Ë ePF . tSdf pd]/ kfsf] ePsfnfO{ x}g ;Ifd hf] 5 p;nfO{ lbg] xf] eGg' eof] . ;Ifd AolQmnfO{ lhDd]jf/L / ;Ddfg lbg] xf] of]ubfgsf cfwf/df, pd]/sf cfwf/df x}g .

Tof] s'/f cfh;Dd klg ;DemG5' . /fHosf lgsfox?df /fhgLlts bnx?n] klg Tof] s'/f nfu' ug{' k5{ . pxfF czQm, ckfË, pd]/ kfsf] 5 eg] Tolx s'/fsf] ;]jf / ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg' k5{ . c5fd lhNnfsf] k|dv ' lhNnf clwsf/L eP/ xjfO{hxfhdf uPF . Kn]g /f]Sbf g/f]Sb} Pshgf k|x/L cfP/ sf] xf] < k|dv ' lhNnf clwsf/L eGof] . d Kn]gsf] k5f8L lyPF . lecfO{kL cuf8L a:g' kg{] /x]5 d k5f8L a;]sf] lyPF . z'?df 8/fPF cf]ln{P/ yfxf kfPF pgL al8uf8{ /x]5g\ . c? dfnf lnP/ nfO{g a;]sf /x]5g\ . pgn] u/]sf] ;nfdL klg crDd nfUof] . l;l8of] sfof{nodf ;nfdL lbg] rng /x]5 . k|x/Lsf] 6's8' L d hlt a]nf lgl:sof] Tolta]nf lg:sFbf ;nfdL lbg' kg{] /x]5 . To;kl5 x/]s lbg Ps} ;dodf d lgl:slbg yfn]+ .

Ps lbg Pshgf c5fdLn] kmn}rfdf al;/x]sf a]nf lrofP/ x]/] . clg pgL efu] . xjNbf/nfO{ k7fP pgLx?sf] efufefu eP5 . !% ldg]6 kl5 kqmfp u/]/ NofP/ ;f]w+] . pgL cl3Nnf] lbg /flt b]lv gful/stfsf nflu cfPsf /x]5g\ . glhs} a:g] ;'Aafx?nfO{ af]nfPF . * ah]sf] ;dodf pgnfO{ gful/stf lbPF . ahf/df xNnf km}lnP5 l;l8cf] af}nfP . >LdtL Ps xKtf cl3 sf7df8f} uPsL lyO{g . >LdtL gePkl5 l;l8cf] af}nfof] / * ah] g} sfof{nodf gful/stf lbof] eg]5g\ . csf{] lbg 36gf / ljrf/ sfo{qmd ;'Gg sfof{no k|dv ' x? a]ns ' f ;a} rf}tf/fdf e]nf ePsf lyP . sfo{qmd ;s]/ ;a} sfof{no k|dv ' cfjf;df uP . Pp6f dfG5] l7Ë pleof] . s'g sfof{nosf] xf] ltdL eg]/ ;f]w+] . p;n] cfkm' gful/s ePsf] atfof] . ef]lnkN6 ljxfg} 3/ hfg' kg{] afWotf, 3/df a:t'efpF, 3/sf ;a} dfG5] lj/fdL ePsf] sxfgL eg]kl5 /fltsf] * ah] ltg} hf]zL / P]/] ;'AafnfO{ af]nfP/ gful/s agfP/ k7fO{ lbPF . b'O{ c5\fdLn] lbPsf] cflzif lyof] tkfO{sf] enf] xf];\ . ;DemG5' Tof] cljZd/0fLo If0f xf] . plgx?n] l;l8cf]n] hlta]nf klg gful/stf lbg ldN5 eGg] s'/f a'em]5g\ . d}n] klg !) ah] g} lsg s'g'{ k5{ < gful/snfO{ ;]jf lbg hlta]nf eP klg pko'Qm x'G5 eg]/ lbg] lg0f{o ubf{ l;l8cf]sf] v'l:sPsf] cf/f]k em]Ng afWo ePsf] lyPF . To;nfO{ d}n] cGoyf slxNo} lnO{g . afl0fHo ljefudf k|dv ' ePF . g]kfnsf ;/sf/L sfof{no dWo] gd'gf sfof{no aGof] . :6fk sn]hn] lkmN8 lelh6 u/fpFbf xfd|f] sfof{nodf NofpFYof] . y'k|} ;'wf/sf sfd ePsf lyPF . d]/f] kmf]6f] /fv]/ g]kfn, lxdfn, ;do, sflGtk'/ nufotsf klqsfdf c;n k|zf;s eg]/ ;dfrf/ cfPsf] lyof] . pkef]Qmfsf s'/fdf Wofg lbg yfn]sf lyof}+ . sd{rf/Ln] xflsdnfO{ k9fof] eg]/ ;dfrf/ cfpg yfNof] . gf/f, cleofg, ahf/ cg'udg u/]/ ahf/df x'g] clgoldttf /f]s]sf] lyPF . zlgaf/ Ps lbg cfwf ldlg6f6f 9s t/fh' vf];]/ NofPsf] lyPF . 9s t/fh' l8hL eg]/ cfnf]rgf klg ePsf] lyof] . pkef]Qmf lx ;+/If0fsf sfd w]/} u/]+ . l8hL x'Fbf x'Fb} efg'eQm cfrfo{ cy{ ;lrj x'Fbf dnfO{ eG;f/ k|d'v agfpg' eof] . ToxfF sfo{ ubf{ & ca{ /fhZj a9\of] . ljleGg of]hgfx? nfu' u/]+ . eG;f/ If]qdf w]/} ;'wf/ eof] . km]/L ah]6 dxfzfvfdf k|d'v eP/ sfd ug{] cj;/ kfPF . cy{dGqL /fdz/0f dxt x'Fbf ho g]kfn eGy] . of] sf+u|]; /x]5 eGy] . kl5 afa'/fd e§/fO{ cy{dGqL eP/ cfpg' eof] . pxfF cfPkl5 Tof] t klxnf b]lv g} dfcf]jfbL /x]5 eGg yfn] . pxfFnfO{ ;Nnfx ;'emfj lbPsf] lyPF l;+xb/af/ leq dfcf]jfbL ljrf/sf dfG5] /x]5g elglbg' eof] . dfcf]jfbL ldqx?n] xft ldnfpFbf xft efFlrg] u/L ldnfpFy] . kl5 ;'/]Gb| kf08] cfpFbf Pdfn] kf] /x]5 eg] . jif{dfg k'g cy{dGqL x'Fbf klg ;xof]u u/]+ . w]/} dGqL / k|wfgdGqL ;'lzn sf]O{/fnfnfO{ ;d]t ;xof]u u/]+ . k|wfgdGqL sfof{nodf ;lrj x'Fbf s]lx ;'wf/sf sfd u/]+ . z'lzn sf]O{/fnf k|wfgdGqL x'Fbf d]/f] cjsfz kl5 klg vf]hL ug{' ePsf] /x]5 . w]/} /fd|f / ;'wf/sf sfd u/]+ . s]lx c;lhnf sfd klg cfP . dGqLx?sf] bafa klg eof] . s]lxn] t s'6f}nf hlQs} ug{' x'FGYof] . ah]6 dGqLx?sf] lgb{]zgdf hfFb}g lyof] . pxfFx?nfO{ zflng 9+uaf6 d}n] pxfFx?nfO{ a'emfpg ;s]+ . nf]e gePkl5 8/ x'g] /x]g5 . sf7df8f}df zx/ lj:tf/sf qmddf Ps xftdf 8fo/L / 6f]kL lnP/ lx8\g] ;lrj lyPF . dnfO{ vf;} sf]lx b]lv 8/ eGg] nfu]g . lsgsL dnfO{ slxNo} s]lxsf] nf]e hfu]g . ;To s'/fdf s;}sf] bafa dnfO{ ;Xo lyPg . lglZrt nIo lnP/ cuf8L a9\of] eg] dfG5] k|lti7fdf k'Ug ;S5 .

/fhgLltM d}n] slxNo} /fhgLlt ul/g . /fhgLlt ug{ klg k/]g . em'sfj klg uPg . /fd]Zj/ vgfn cy{ ;lrj x''g'x'gYof] . pxfFn] Ps hgf dGqLnfO{ eGg' ePsf] lyof] afF:sf]6fhLn] / d}n] /fhgLlt u/]sf 5}gf}+ t/ /fhgLlt a'em]sf 5f}+ . b]zsf nflu, /fhgLlts bnsf nflu s] ubf{ /fd|f] x'G5 eGg] s'/fsf] cg'e'lt / cg'ej xfdL;Fu 5 . ljleGg b]zsf cg'ej xfdL;Fu 5 .g]kfnd} y'k|} ;do sfd u/]sf] cg'ej xfdL;Fu 5 . To;n] /fhgLlt dfkm{t d'n'snfO{ ;Dj[4 agfpg] cleofgdf xfdL ;fy lbg ;S5f}+ . ;xof]u ug{ ;S5f}+ . /fhgLlt g} ug{' k5{ eGg] 5}g . d'n'ssf] ;+l3otfnfO{ ;kmn agfpg s/sf b/, cGo ljsf;sf df]8nx?sf af/]df xfdL atfpg ;S5f}+ . k|]d / ljjfxM d zfvf clws[t eP/ O6nL cWoog ug{] cj;/ kfPsf] lyPF . cWoog ;s]/ g]kfn kmls{Psf] lyPF . xfdL s]lx ;fyLx?sf] ;d'xaf6 nfnL eGg] ;+:yfaf6 ljleGg efiffsf] 6\o';g k9fpg] u/]sf lyof}+ . ToxfF sfd ug{] ;'lgtf l;njfn /lx5g\ d]/f] / pgsf] ;f]r ldNg] / ljjfxsf nflu hft klg ldNg] ePsfn] ljjfx ug{ plrt 5 eGg] s'/f ;fyL ;fu/ l/hfnn] eg] . To;sf] s]lx lbg xfdL cndnd} /x\of}+ . kl5 xfdL b'a}n] ljjfx ug{] lg0f{o u¥of}+ . #) jif{ eof] ljfx u/]sf] ;od . k|]d kq cfbfg k|bfg slxNo} ePg . sNkgf klg cfPg . pxfFs} dfWodaf6 xfdLn] dflu ljjfx u¥of}+ . dgsf] cg'e'lt pgL;Fu ldNof] . To;}nfO{ k|]d eGbf x'G5 ls < ljjfx ug{' s]lx ;do cl3sf] kl/lrtnfO{ dgdg} k|]d k/]sf] eGg ldN5 . cGo s'g} vfnsf] dlxnf s'g} ;dodf klg hLjgdf cfpg' ePg . j}jflxs hLjgdf slxNo} v6k6 ePsf] 5}g . pgL cfkm} klg ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] dlxnf ljefu k|d'vsf] ?kdff sfo{/t l5g\ . pgsf] klg kmf]g cfpF5 . sDKo'6/ rnfpg' k5{ . d afnaRrf x]g{], plgx?sf] /]vb]v / kfl/jf/Ls ?kdf efG;fdf ;xof]u ug{] sfd u/]sf] 5' . pgsf ;a} s'/f / d]/f ;a} s'/f ;xdltdf x'G5 . hLjgsf cfwf/ b'a} hgf xf}+ . 3/df ;xof]u ug{] d]/f] afgL 5 . d]/f] Ps 5f]/f / Ps 5f]/L 5g\ .

5f]/f df:6{; l8u|L cWoog ub{} 5g\ . 5f]/L 8fS6/ cWoog ub{} l5g\ . pgLx? klg ;dfhdf s]lx ug{] u/L cfkm\gf] v'§fdf pleg] k|of;df 5g\ . ;sf/fTds ;f]r lnP/ cuf8L a9\bf ;kmn eO{G5 eGg] nfU5 . ;"rgfsf] xsM g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg wf/f @& df ;'rgfsf] xs ;DjGwL Aoj:yf 5 . df}lns xsnfO{ @)^$ df P]gsf ?kdf yk Aoj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ;'rgf dfUg sfof{nodf hfg' k5{ .

To;sf s]lx k|s[of 5g\ . ;'rgf clwsf/LnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/]/ kq n]v]/ lbg' k5{ . tTsfn ;'rgf lbg' k5{ . ;'rgf glbP sfof{no k|d'vnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/]/ csf{] kq lbg' k5{+ . ;"rgf clwsf/L;Fu cfkm';Fu ;"rgf geP !% lbg leq vf]h]/ pknAw u/fpg' k5{ . sfof{no k|d'vn] & lbg leq ;"rgf pknAw u/fpg' k5{ . sfof{no k|d'vn] klg ;'rgf pknAw u/fpg' ePg eg] /fli6«o ;"rgf cfof]udf b'a} lgj]bgsf kmf]6f]skL /fv]/ lgj]bg lbg' k5{ . lgj]bg lbFbf k};f nfUb}g . gful/s hlt :jtGq / s[oflzn eP dfq nf]stGq alnof] x'G5 . ;'rgf cfof]un] Tof] ;'rgf pknAw u/fpF5 . hLjgM hLjg ;/n 5 . lhpg] snf hfGg' k5{ . b'vL lsg 5 < cfkm} b'lv x'g vf]H5 . cfkm\gf] hLjgnfO{ dfG5]nfO{ cfkm} hl6n agfpF5 . ;sf/fTds ;f]rn] hlxn] klg d}n] s] kfPF eGbf s] lbg ;s]+ eGg] u/fpF5 . km'nsf] ;+;f/df km'ns} ;+;f/ sfF8fsf] ;+;f/df sfF8fsf] ;+;f/ . e't ljZjd} 5}g . cFWof/f] eof] eG5f}+ rGb|df pbfPsf] b]Vb}gf}+ . 3[0ffn] 3[0ff x6fpFb}g . k|]dn] 3[0ff x6fpF5 . cfkm\gf] hLjgnfO{ k|of]u ug{' k5{ . ;nfO{sf] sfF6L p:t} x'g\ . Pp6fn] sf]7fdf pHHofnf] agfpF5 . csf{]n] agdf 88]nf] nufpF5 . ljp /fd|f] ls g/fd|f] eg]/ kmn x]g{' k5{ . dfG5] /fd|f] ls g/fd|f] eg]/ x]g{ p;sf] sfo{z}nL x]g{' k5{ . elgG5 lg k9]sf] s'/f lj;{G5, b]v]sf] s'/f ;DemG5, u/]sf] s'/f hflgG5 ub{] u/] l;lsG5 . wd{n] klg eG5 sd{ u/ kmnsf] cfz ug{] clwsf/ ltdL;Fu 5}g . 1fg xfl;n ug{' k5{ . hLjg lhpg] snf l;Sof] eg] Tolx /Dg ;lsG5 . h]df hf] sfd u5{ To;d} 8'a'NsL dfg{' k5{ . p;sf] ;Gt'i6L Tolx dfq ldN5 . k|]dM cg'e'lt . s;}nfO{ c;n 7flgof] eg] ;fldKotf x'G5 . cfb/ ug{ hflgof] eg] k|]d k|fKt x'G5 . k|]d x'g] xf]O{g k|fKtL xf]O{g ug{] xf] . ljjfxM hLjg / hutsf] lgodnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg' ljjfxsf] d'n nIo xf] . zfl/l/s ;DjGwM cfjZos tTj dWo] Ps xf] . ef]s nfUg', l/; p7\g' h:t} zl//sf] cfjZostfsf] lrh xf] . k|]dsf] c;n ljGof; xf] . cGTodfM g]kfnL x'g'sf] uj{sf] ljifo cg'ej ug{' k5{ . ;+;f/df o:tf] b]z lj/n} 5g\ . g]kfnsf] l5§} pGgtL / k|ult x'G5 . cfzfjfbL x'g' k5{ . cfzfnfUbf s'/f w]/} 5g\ .

*** k|fO{d PkmPd !)$=% d]ufxh{sf] ljxfgL lrGtg sfo{qmd cGtu{t zlgjf/sf] lbg ul/Psf] JolQmsf] JolQmut hLjgsf ef]ufO{ af/]sf] s'/fsfgLsf] ;f/f+z . k|ltlqmofsf] nflu M motiramtimalsina@gmail.com

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eGg] cfefif x'G5 . · cGTodf====================================== cfpb} u/]sf] xl/tflnsf tLhsf] ;Dk'0f{ lbbLalxgLx?df z'esfdgf . tLh xfd|f] ;+:s[tL xf] o;df las[tL gNofp, uR5] cg'?ksf] rf8 dgfcf}+ eGg rfxfG5' .

d08g b]pk'/÷ d08g b]pk'/ gu/kflnsfdf @)&) ;fnaf6 z'? ePsf] vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfaf6 ljt/0f x'g] wf/f bz} cufj} ;j{;fwf/0fn] pkof]u ug{ kfpg] ePsf 5g\ . d08g b]pk'/ gu/kflnsfsf] ;lqmotfdf lhNnf vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ l8lehg sfof{no sfe|n] ] pkef]Qmf ;ldlt dfkm{t d08g b]pk'/ gu/kflnsfsf $ ;o #^ 3/ kl/jf/nfO{ vfg]kfgL ljt/0fsf nflu l8k af]l/Ësf] sfo{ cuf8L a9fPsf] lyof] . ;fljssf] dxfb]j:yfg ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf j8f gDj/ @,$,& / * gDj/ j8fsf $ ;o #^ 3/ w'/Lsf nflu l8k af]l/Ë dfkm{t vfg]kfgLsf] Aoj:yfkg ul/Psf] xf] . …klxnf] r/0fdf ahf/ If]q / cf;kf;df vfg]kfgL ljt/0fsf] sfo{ z'? u/]kl5 ;a} 3/ 3/df vfg]kfgLsf] wf/f ljt/0fsf nflu yk sfo{ cuf8L a9fO{g5 ] Ú–gu/ k|dv ' 6f]saxfb'/ jfO{jfn] eg]–…bz} cufj} vfg]kfgLsf] wf/f ljt/0f u/L kfgL pkef]u u/fpg pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ elg;s]sf] 5' .Ú @ s/f]8 (* nfv ?k}of vr{ eO{;s]sf] pQm cfof]hgfsf nflu ;+3 / k|bz ] ;/sf/n] yk /sd ljlgof]hg u/]sf] 5 . yk /sdaf6 d08g b]pk'/ gu/kflnsfs} cGo j8fx? t ;a} j8faf;Lx?nfO{ 3/ 3/ wf/f k'¥ofpg] nIo lnO{Psf] 5 . …vfg]kfgL sfof{non] lg/Gt/sf] k|of; kl5 pQm :yfgdf l8k af]l/Ë / vfg]kfgL ljt/0fsf nflu kfgL 6\ofÍL lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5Ú–vfg]kfgL sfof{nosf k|dv ' /fdrGb| sfkm\n] n] ]

eg]–…bz} cl3 kfgL ljt/0fsf nflu l8k af]l/Ë b]lv kfgL 6\ofÍ;Dd 8an nfO{gsf] kfO{k lj5\ofpg] sfo{ ;lsPsf] 5 .Ú kfgL ljt/0fsf nflu g]kfn ljB"Q k|flws/0faf6 cnUu} 6«fG;km/d/ ;d]t Aoj:yfkg ul/Psf] 5 . pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf gfddf ljh'nLsf] ld6/, l8k af]l/Ëdf kDk h8fg / s]lx ;fdfGo k|fljlws sfo{ ;DkGg ePkl5 d'Vo nfO{gsf] lj:tf/ x'g5 ] . kfgLsf] kl/If0f ;d]t ;DkGg u/L tTsfn ljt/0fsf nflu sfo{ k|f/De ul/Psf] pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf ;lrj /fdx/L ;fksf]6fn] atfP . kfgL ljt/0fsf nflu &% xhf/ ln6/ Ifdtfsf] kfgL 6\ofÍL s'Gtf ahf/af6 8]8 lsnf]ld6/ dfyL d08g b]pk'/ gu/kflnsfsf] j8f gDj/ & lht/L kf]v/L;Fu} lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . !! ;o ld6/ nfdf] kfO{k lj5\ofO{ 6\ofÍL ;d]t sDkfp08 ul/Psf] pQm cfof]hgfsf] l8k af]l/Ë nufotsf cGo sfo{x?sf] cj:yfsf af/]df lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt k|dv ' p4j s];L, d08g b]pk'/ gu/kflnsfsf k|dv ' 6f]saxfb'/ jfO{jf, vfg]kfgL sfof{nosf k|d'v /fdrGb| sfkm\n], OlGhlgo/ e"if0f dNn nufotn] cg'udg u/]sf lyP . :yfgLo hgk|ltlglw, gu/kflnsfsf k|dv ' k|zf;lso clws[t df]xg clwsf/L, ;Nnfxsf/ uf]sn' uf}td nufotn] pQm :yfgsf] cg'udg u/L tTsfn vfg]kfgL ljt/0fsf nflu cfjZos sfo{ cuf8L a9fpg pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ cg'/f]w u/]sf lyP . pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] :yfgLox?sf] dfu / cfjZostfnfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} pQm kl/of]hgfnfO{ clGtd r/0fdf k'¥ofO{Psf] ;lrj ;fksf]6fn] atfP .

efl]d artsf] @) cf+ } ;fwf/0f ;ef ljljP;df 1fgs'~hsf ljBfyL{ pTs[i6 ag] k f÷1fgs' ~ h z} l Ifs k|lti7fgn] ;+rfng u/]sf] 1fgs'~h sn]hn] ljutsf aif{x?df h:t} of] aif{sf] la=la=P;=df ;d]t lhNnfdf k|yd :yfg xfl;n u/]sf] 5 . gLlh If]qaf6 ;+rflnt pQm ljBfno Kn] u|"k b]lv df:6{; l8u|L;Dd ;+rflnt 5 .

P;=Pn=;L, P;=O{=O{, Kn; 6', :gfts / :gfsf]Q/ txdf lhNnf k|yd e};s]sf] / af]8{df ;d]t ljBfyL{x? kg{ ;kmn x'Fb} cfPsf lyP . ev{/} ePsf] rf/ aif{] la=la=P;=sf] kl/Iffkmndf lk|mjg{ 1fgs'~hsf ljBfyL{x?n] pTs[i6tf xfl;n u/]sf x'g\ . 1fgs'~h sn]hsf] la=la=P; rf}yf] aif{df cWoog/t 5fqfx? clghf b]ph' / ;ldtf x'FdfufO{n] &@ k|ltzt c+s

NofPsf 5g\ eg] ;lg;f lji6n] ^( k|ltzt NofPsL l5g\ . qmdz plgx? lhNnf k|yd / bf]>f] ePsf] ljBfnon] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . clghf / ;ldtfn] x/]s aif{ &) k|ltzteGbf w]/} c+s Nofpg] u/]sf lyP .

1fgs'~h z}lIfs k|lti7fgsf k|jGw lgb{z ] s k|tfk j}Bsf cg';f/ 1fgs'~h z}lIfs k|lti7fgsf ljBfyL{x?sf] pTs[i6f kl/Iffkmnsf sf/0f cAan ljBfnosf ?kdf k|dfl0ft u/]sf] 5 .

cfefif art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]kf–%, tLgbf]af6f], sfe|]

gjf}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DaGwL ;"rgf pk/f]Qm ;DaGwdf ldlt @)&% >fj0f @% ut] a;]sf] ;+~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s g+= &%÷&^–! sf] lg0f{o g+= !# sf cg';f/ o; ;+:yfsf] gjf}+ aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef lgDg ldlt, :yfg / ;dodf x'g] ePsf]n] pQm ;efdf oxfFsf] clgjfo{ pkl:yltsf] nfuL xflb{s cg'/f]w ul/G5 . ;fy} kq k|fKt gePsf ;b:oHo"x?nfO{ o;} ;'rgfnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:ylt eO{lbgx'g cfu|x ub{5f}+ .

5nkmn x'g] a'bfFx? M— s_ cf=j= @)&$÷&% sf] ;lrjsf] k|ult k|ltj]bg ;DaGwdf . v_ cf=j= @)&$÷&% sf] sf]ifWoIfsf] cfly{s k|ltj]bg ;DaGwdf . u_ cf=j= @)&$÷&% sf] n]vf ;'kl/j]If0f ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg cg'df]bg ug]{ ;DaGwdf .

3_ cf=j= @)&$÷&% sf] n]vf kl/Ifs lgo'lQm / kfl/>lds cg'df]bg ;DaGwdf . ª_ cf=j= @)&%÷&^ sf] jflif{s ah]6 ;DaGwdf . r_ cf=j= @)&%÷&^ sf] n]vf kl/Ifssf] lgo'lQm / kfl/>lds to ug]{ ;DaGwdf .

5_ ljlgod ;+zf]wg ug]{ ;DaGwdf . h_ gLlt tyf lgodfjnL ;+;f]wg 5nkmn tyf cg'df]bg ug]{ ;DaGwdf . em_ nfef+z :jLs[t ug]{ ;DaGwdf . `_ lg0f{o k':tLsfdf x:tfIf/ ug{ k|ltlglw rog ;DaGwdf .

6_ ljljw . sfo{qmdM— ldlt M— @)&%÷)^÷)% ut] z'qmaf/ :yfg M— k~rsGof a]GSj]6, ag]kf ;do M— lbpF;f] !M)) ah] ;lrj /fqL ef]h M— ;fwf/0f ;ef sfo{qmd kZrft k|sfz sfo:y kmf]g M— )!!—^^!!@), )!!—^^$^^% gf]6 M · z]o/ ;b:oHo"x?n] ;+:yfaf6 k7fPsf] ;'rgf kq clgjfo{ ?kdf lnO{ pkl:yt e}lbg'xf]nf . · ;fwf/0f ;efdf k|ltlglwnfO{ ;xeflu u/fOg] 5}g . · ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt x'g'ePsf ;b:oHo"x?sf] cfltYotfsf] nflu /fqL ef]hsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] 5 . · kf/jxg eQfsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5}g . · ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt x'g ;+:yfsf] sfof{noaf6 kqfrf/ eO{/x]sf] x'Fbf kq k|fKt gePsf ;b:oHo"x?n] ;+:yfdf ;Dks{ ug'{ x'g cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ . · z]o/ ;b:osf 5f]/f5f]/Lx?dWo]af6 pTs[i6 c+s Nofpg] 5fq5fqf !÷! hgfnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/g] x'Fbf )&% efb| #! ut]leq ;l6{lkms]6sf] kmf]6f]skL sfof{nodf k]z ug{x'g cg'/f]w ul/G5 .

ag]kf÷ef]ld ax'pb]Zo ;xsf/L ;+|:yf lnsf] lj;f} jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 lnsf cWoIf ljgf]b k/fh'nLsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf k/fh'nLn] k|b]z ;/sf/n] ;xsf/L P]g NofP/ ;xsf/Lx?df /x]sf] cGof]ntf l56} x6fO{ lbg cfu|x u/]sf lyP . ;xsf/Lsf] efjgf / dd{ cg';f/ ;/sf/n] P}g Nofpg' kg{] k/fh'nLn] atfP . ;xsf/L cfly{s If]qsf] ltg vDjfdf Pp6f eGg] t/ Aoaxf/ / sfg'gdf To:tf] gePsf] ;f]xL cg';f/sf] sfg'g rflxPsf] k/fh'nLn] atfP . ;xsf/Lx?n] jrt dfq u5{g\ eGg] e|d af6 d'Qm eO{ cfly{s, ;fdflhs / Aoaxf/Ls sfo{ klg ub{] cfPsf]df cem} If]q lj:tf/ ug{] s'/fdf ;xsf/L tof/ ePsf] pgsf] egfO{ lyof] . sfo{qmddf kQ~hnL of]u ;ldtL k|b]z g+=

# sf cWoIf u|'a]g tf}hn], cfefif ;fsf];sf] cWoIf lbg]z/fh sfo:y, r08]Zj/L ;fsf];sf] cWoIf ljsf; afb], ;Ifd ;fsf];sf cWoIf /fd]z sfhL >]i7 nufotsf AolQmx?n] z'esfdgf dGtAo /fv]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf :jfut dGtAo pkfWoIf xl/jxfb'/ >]i7n] /fv]sf lyP . ;+:yfsf] cf=j @)&$÷)&%sf] jflif{s k|lta]bg ;lra u0f]zgf/fo0f hf]zL / clfy{s k|lta]bg sfG5f s'df/ >]i7n] /fv]sf lyP . ;+:yfsf] z]o/ k'hL+ ! s/f]8 * nfv % xhf/ * ;o, lgIf]k ;+sng ^ s/f]8 $* nfv !! xhf/ & ;o, shf{ nufgL ^ s/f]8 !@ nfv $^ xhf/ ! ;o /x]sf] hfgsf/L lbPsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf pTs[i6 atr stf{, ;b:o / C[0Lfx?nfO{ ;Ddfg u/LPsf] lyof] . sfo{qmd ;+:yfsf cWoIf xl/z/0f >]i7sf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

pu|r08L cfon :6f]/ @$ ;} 306f ;'rf? ag] k f÷jg] k fsf] a' 8 f] n psfnf]df /x]sf] >L pu|r08L cfon :6f]/ ebf} !% ut] b]vL @$ ;} 306f ;~rfngdf cfPsf] 5 . kDksf k|fk] fO{6/ cfTdf/fd yfkfsf cg';f/ sfe|d] } klxnf] k6s @$ 306f kDksf] ;]jf pknAw u/fpg nfluPsf] xf] . lhNnfdf /xsf kDkx? dWo] pQm kDkn] /flt ofqf ug{] ;jf/L ;fwgsf]

rfk, glhlsb} u/]sf] rf8af8x?nfO{ nlIft ub{} @$ ;} 306f ;]jf lbg nfluPsf] k|fk] fO{6/ yfkfn] jtfP . pQm kDkdf b}lgs * xhf/ ln6/ l8h]n / @ xhf/ ln6/ k]6f« n] vkt x'b} cfPsf] pgn] hfgsf/L lbP . gfkmf sdfpg eGbf klg ;]jf lbg] pb]Zon] @$ ;} 306f ;~rfng ug{ nfluPsf] / ;'/Iffsf nfuL k|zf;gdf hfgsf/L u/fPsf] yfkfn] atfP .

;fg'nIdL 1fg 5fqj[lQ @)&% ;DaGwL ;"rgf Û ag]kf gu/sf lzIff;]jL >L czf]s/Tg zfSoHo"af6 ag]kf gu/kflnsf leq :yfoL a;f]af; eO{ ;fd'bflos ljBno÷sn]hdf z}lIfs ;q @)&%÷)&^ sf] ljleGg tx÷sIffdf cWoog/t !) hgf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ?= !%))) -kGw| xhf/_ sf b/n]] ul/a tyf h]x]gbf/ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;fg'nIdL 1fg 5fqj[lQ @)&% 5fqj[lQ k|bfg ul/g] ePsfn] /Lt k'¥ofO{ of] ;"rgf k|sfzg ePsf] !% lbgleq lgj]bgsf nflu cfJxfg ul/G5 .

lgj]bgsf ;fy k]; ug'{kg]{ sfuhftx¿M != lklk ;fOhsf] kmf]6f] 6fF; u/L 5fqj[lQ kfpgsf nflu n]lvPsf] lgj]bg, @= ag]kf gu/ leq :yfoL a;f]af; /x]sf] tyf 3/sf] cfly{s cj:yf sdhf]/ /x]sf] ;DalGwt j8f sfof{nosf] l;kmfl/; kq, #=cWoog ul//x]sf] sn]h÷ljBfnoaf6 cWoog ul//x]sf] tx÷sIff k|dfl0ft x'g] tyf lgh h]x]gbf/ /x]sf] l;kmfl/; kq, $= cGoq st}af6 5fqj[lQ gkfPsf] k'i6L x'g] jf8{ sfof{nosf] l;kmfl/;, 5fqj[lQ 5gf]6 k|lqmofM # ;b:oLo 5fqj[lQ 5gf]6 ;ldltn] tn plNnlvt k|lqmof k"/f u/L 5fqj[lQsf nflu ljBfyL{ 5gf]6 ug]{5M 4blnt @, hghflt @, dlxnf #, ;LdfGts[t ! tyf cGo @ u/L hDdf !) hgf .

4lgjb]g ae'mfPsf] ldltsf cfwf/df klxnf ae'mfpg] !) hgfnfO{ 5fqjl[Qsf nflu 5flgg] 5 eg] o;/L 5flgPsf ljByLx{¿sf] cflys { tyf zl}Ifs ki[7ed"L ljjfbf:kb bl]vPdf sd|zM !!cf,F} !@cfF} === sd|df /xs ] f ljBfyLx{¿af6 5flgg] 5 .

4 ljBfyL{sf] cfly{s tyf z}lIfs kl/j]zsf] :ynut cWoog . gf]6M tf]lsPsf] ;a} sfuhft gePsf tyf ;do;Ldfleq k]; x'g gcfPsf lgj]bgx¿nfO{ 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmddf ;dfj]; ul/g] 5}g eg] pQm 5fqj[lQdf 5gf]6 x'g] ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ lghx¿;Fu ;DalGwt ljBno;Fu ;dGjo u/L 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f ul/g]5 .

lgj]bg k]; ug]{ :yfgM

k|ult k|eft Ps]8]dL df= lj= ag]kf–&, sfe|], kmf]g g+= M )!!^^)@%&

%

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

xflbs { awfO{

o; ljBfnosf k"j{ ljBfyL{ -P;\=Pn\=;L ;d"x @)$%_ Pj+ w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v czf]ss'df/ Aof~h" >]i7 g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf] 5}7f}+ ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 cWoIf kbdf lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf]df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub}{ sfo{sfn ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

jif{ @$ c+s $% @)&% ebf} @! ut] ljxLjf/

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

^

jif{ @$ c+s $% @)&% ebf} @! ut] ljxLjf/

xflbs { awfO{ tyf ze ' sfdgf

r]i6f ;fKtflxssf ;Dkfbsรทk|sfzs tyf k|fO{d PkmPd !)$=% d]ufxh{sf cWoIf Pj+ w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf gu/k|d'v >L czf]s s'df/ Jof~h" >]i7 g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf] 5}7f}+ clwj]zgaf6 ul/dfdo cWoIf kbdf lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf]df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub}{ sfo{sfn ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

xflbs { awfO{ tyf ze ' sfdgf

w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf gu/k|d'v >L czf]s s'df/ Jof~h" >]i7 g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf] 5}7f}+ clwj]zgaf6 ul/dfdo cWoIf kbdf lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf]df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub}{ sfo{sfn ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

8f= xl/s[i0f yfkf bof/fd dxt

lxdfno e]6]/Lg/L lSnlgs P08 Nofa kl/jf/ ag]kf, sfe|]

&

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

k|lhc dfkm{t k|wfgdGqLnfO{ dxf;+3sf] 1fkgkq

w'lnv]n÷ efb| ! ut]af6 nfu" ePsf] d'ns ' L -kmf}hbf/L_ ;+lxtf P]g @)&$ df Joj:yf ePsf s]xL k|fjwfgx?n] k|;] tyf cleJolQm :jtGqtfnfO{ uDeL/ c;/ kfg{] eGb} b]ze/sf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3n] 1fkg kq a'emfPsf] 5 . s]lx a'bF fx? ;+zf]wg u/L k"0f{ k|;] d}qL agfpg k|bz ] ;/sf/÷lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no dfkm{t g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ 1fkgkq a'emfOPsf] xf] . cWoIf df]lt/fd ltdlN;gfn] k|lhc s[i0faxfb'/ /fpt dfkm{t pQm 1fkg kq a'emfPsf x'g\ . 1fkgkq a'emfpg] sfo{qmddf g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 k|bz ] g+= # sf pkfWoIf ob'gfy uf}td, ;lrj ;'/z ] x'dfufO{, k|;] rf}tf/L g]kfn sfe|s ] f cWoIf e'jg /fodfemL, k|;] o'lgog sfe|s ] f cWoIf slkn sf]O/fnf, k|;] ;]G6/ sfe|s ] f cWoIf /fds[i0f a~hf/f, kqsf/ dxf;+3sf pkfWoIf /d]z Gof}kfg], ;x;lrj dw';b' g ltdlN;gf nufot lhNnfsf s[oflzn kqsf/x?sf] 6f]nL 1fkgkq a'emfpg k|zf;gdf k'us ] f] lyof] . d'n'sL kmf}hbf/L -;+lxtf_ P]g, @)&$ sf ljleGg bkmfsf k|fjwfgx?n] ;~rf/dfWoddf |sflzt÷k|;fl/t ;fdu|Ls} cfwf/df ;+rf/sdL{dfly uDeL/ cleof]u nfUg ;Sg] cj:yf b]lvPsf] 5 . P]gsf s'g} klg bkmfdf ;~rf/dfWoddf k|jfx ePsf ;fdu|Lsf ;Gbe{df P]gsf k|fjwfgx? nfu" x'Fb}g eGg] Joj:yf g/x]sf] / ;~rf/dfWod;DaGwL 5'6\6} P]gx?df ;d]t P]gdf pNn]lvt ljifosf ;Gbe{df s'g} k|fjwfgx? g} g/flvPsfn] of] P]gaf6 ;~rf/dfWod / kqsf/x? kLl8t aGg ;Sg] cj:yf b]lvPsf] dxf;+3sf] lgZsif{ 5 . P]gsf s]xL Joj:yfn] kqsf/x?nfO{ vf]hL ;dfrf/ tof/ kfg{ ;d:of kfg'{sf ;fy} tl:j/ lvRg / k|sfzg÷k|;f/0f ug{ afwf x'g ;Sg] dxf;+3n] atfPsf] 5 . ;~rf/dfWoddf ;dfrf/ n]vs ] } sf/0f ;/sf/jfbL d'2f agfP/ kmf}hbf/L s;'/ nufpg' x'bF g} . n]v/] x'g] uNtLnfO{ b]jfgL s;'/df /fVg'k5{ . kqsf/ / ;~rf/dfWodsf nflu d'ns ' L kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtf_ P]g, @)&$ sf s]xL k|fjwfgx? hl6n / k|;] :jtGqtf lj/f]wL ePsf] g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] 7x/ 5 . t;y{, tL k|fjwfgx?df tTsfn ;+zf]wg u/L ;+ljwfgsf] k|:tfjgfdf g} pNn]v ePsf] k"0f{ k|;] :jtGqtfnfO{ Uof/]06L ug{ dxf;+3 g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu hf]8bf/ dfu ub{5 .

;+zf]wg ul/g'kg]{ k|fjwfgx?

– bkmf $( sf] pkbkmf $ sf] Joj:yfn] ;~rf/dfWoddf k|sflzt÷k|;fl/t s;}sf ljrf/ jf ;fdu|Ln] o;vfnsf] s;'/ ug{ pS;fPsf] eg]/ ;~rf/dfWodsf ;~rfns / ;Dkfbsx?dfly d'2f bfo/ x'g ;Sg] ;+efjgf 5 . o;df ;~rf/dfWoddf k|sflzt÷;fdu|Lsf ;Gbe{df eg] of] bkmf nfu" gx'g] eg]/ pNn]v ul/g' kb{5 .

– bkmf %) sf] pkbkmf # df elgPsf] 5 #_ g]kfn ;/sf/ jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfd sf/afxLsf] ;DaGwdf s;}n] n]v]/, jrgn], cfsf/ jf lrGxåf/f jf c? s'g} lsl;daf6 lg/fwf/ jf ck|dfl0ft s'/f b]vfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/k|lt 3[0ff, å}if jf cjx]ngf ug{–u/fpg jf To:tf] pBf]u ug{–u/fpg x'bg} . t/, o; pkbkmfdf n]lvPsf] s'g}

s'/fn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :j:y / dof{l{ bt cfnf]rgf u/]sf]nfO{ s;"/ u/]sf] dflgg] 5}g elgPsf] 5 . o; Joj:yfn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :j:y / dof{lbt cfnf]rgf gu/]sf] eGg] cf/f]kdf h'g;'s} kqsf/dfly l/;OjL ;fWg ;Sg] thljhL clwsf/ lbPsf] b]lvG5 . lxhf] k~rfotLsfndf /fhfsf] cfnf]rgf ug{ gkfOg] gfddf h;/L ;~rf/dfWoddfly /fhb|fx] sf] d'2f nufpg] ul/GYof], clxn]sf] nf]stGqdf klg n]v/] , af]n/] jf cfsf/ / lrGxaf6 ;/sf/sf] cfnf]rgf u/] :j:y / dof{l{ bt cfnf]rgf gu/]sf] cf/f]kdf /fhb|fx] d'2f nufOg ;Sg] 7fpF 5 . o;df ;~rf/dfWodn] cfnf]rgf ug{ kfpg] xs ;'/lIft x'gk' 5{ .

– bkmf ^% sf] pkbkmf ! df /x]sf] Joj:yfn] klg ;~rf/dfWoddf k|sflzt÷k|;fl/t ;fdu|Lsf sf/0f ;fj{hlgs zflGt vnalnPsf] cf/f]k nufP/ kqsf/x?nfO{ h]n xfNg];Ddsf sfo{ x'g ;S5 .

– bkmf &) -!_ sf] Joj:yfn] ;+rf/ dfWoddf k|jfx ePsf ;fdu|Ln] em'77\ f ckmjfx km}nfPsf] cleof]u nfUg ;S5 / kqsf/x? h]n hfg] cj:yf cfpg ;S5 .

– P]gsf s'g} klg k|fjwfgdf ;~rf/dfWodaf6 x'g] s;'/nfO{ kmf}hbf/L s;'/ dflgg' x'bF g} / ;~rf/dfWoddf n]v/] ePsf uNtLnfO{ b]jfgL s;'/;Dd dfq ;Lldt /flvg' kb{5 .

– bkmf !!( cGtu{t cZnLntf a9fpg] ;fdu|L k|rf/–k|;f/ ug{ ;~rf/dfWodnfO{ /f]s nufpg] ljifonfO{ ;sf/fTds ?kdf lng'kg]{ b]lvP klg o;;DaGwL lzIff / r]tgfd"ns ;fdu|L k|jfx ug]d{ fly cZnLn ;fdu|L k|jfx u/]sf] cf/f]k nfUg ;Sg] b]lvG5 . o;df s'g k|sf/sf ;fdu|L cZnLn x'g] / s'g k|sf/sf gx'g] eg]/ a[xb JofVof g} x'gk' g]{ b]lvG5 .

– bkmf !%! df /fli6«o ufg, em08f jf lgZffg 5fksf] ckdfg jf Iflt ug{ gx'g] / wf/f !%@ df /fli6«o ljel"tsf] ckdfg ug{ gx'g] k|fjwfg 5 . o;jf/] ;~rf/dfWoddf /rgfTds ;'emfj, ax;;lxt cfpg] ;fdu|Laf6 ckdfg ePsf] cf/f]k nfUg ;Sg] cj:yf cfpg ;S5 . o;df klg ;~rf/dfWodaf6 x'g] s;'/nfO{ kmf}hbf/L s;'/ dflgg' x'bF g} / h]n xfNg] k|fjwfgsf] ;f6f] s]xL hl/jfgf dfq /flvg' k5{ .

– bkmf !%^ pkbkmf -!_ sf] Joj:yfn] ;~rf/dfWoddf x'g] wfld{s ljifosf ;fdu|L k|jfx tyf wfld{s cf8df x'g] unt sfo{lj?4 ;fdu|L k|jfxdf /f]s nufpg vf]h]sf] b]lvG5 . o;df ;~rf/dfWodsf nflu 5'6 x'g' kb{5 .

– ;+lxtfsf] efu # cGtu{t j}olQms uf]kgLotf tyf k|lti7f lj?4sf] s;'/sf bkmf @(! b]lv bkmf #)@ ;Dd cWoog ug]{ xf] eg] :jtGq kqsfl/tfd} nufd nufpg ;Sg] vt/f b]lvPsfn] ;+zf]wg ul/g'k5{ .

– bkmf #)% df s;}nfO{ ufnL ug{ gx'g] / bkmf #)^ df a]OHhtL ug{ gx'g] k|fjwfgx? klg ;~rf/dfWod / ;+rf/sdL{ lj?4 k|of]u x'g ;Sg] b]lvG5 . P]gsf s]xL k|fjwfgnfO{ 6]s/] k|;] :jtGqtfd} nufd nufpg] u/L sfo{kflnsfsf lgsfox? :j]R5frf/L aGg ;Sg] x'gfn] logdf ;+zf]wg x'g'k5{ .

lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=

jif{ jif{ @$ @$ c+c+ss !^ $%@)&$ @)&% kmfu' ebf}g @!# ut] ljxLjf/

r08]Zj/L ;fsf];sf] /ht dxf]T;a tof/L agk]f÷ agk]fdf /xs ] f] r08Z]j/L art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;:+yf ln=sf] @% cf} /ht dxfT];asf] cj;/df ljleGg sfoq{mdx? cfofh]gf ul/g] ePsf] 5 . d+unaf/ ;+:yfsf] sfof{nodf cfof]lht sfo{qmddf lbO{Psf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ ;:yfsf ;+:yfks cWoIf :j= Hof]lt k|sfz ;}hs ' f] ;Demgfdf lhNnfAofkL elnan k|ltof]lutf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] 5 . lxhf]af6 pQm k|ltof]lutf z'? ePsf] 5 . efb| @! ut] b]vL @^ ut] ;Dd ag]kfdf x'g] k|ltof]lutfdf lhNnfsf !@ l6dn] efu lnPsf] /ht dxf]T;a pk ;dLltsf ;+of]hs x]dGt/fh k|wfgn] hfgsf/L lbP . k|ltof]lutfdf k|yd k'/:sf/ gub #) xhf/ tyf 6«kmL, d]8n, k|df0f kq, bf]>f] k'/:sf/ @) xhf/ tyf 6«kmL, d]8n, k|df0f kq, t[lto k'/:sf/ !) xhf/ tyf 6«kmL, d]8n, k|df0f kq, / ;fGtjgf k'/:sf/ ;d]tsf] Aoa:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ;+:yfn] /ht dxf]T;asf] cj;/ kf/L jif{ e/L ljljw sfo{qmdx? ul//x]sf] hgfPsf] 5 . ;d'bfodf cfwf/Lt sfo{qmdx?, l;kd'ns sfo{qmd tyf /Qmbfg, bGt lzla/, cfvfF

lzlj/, ;/;kmfO{ nufPtsf sfo{x? u/]sf] / dxf]T;asf lbgdf ;+:yfks, ;~rfns, h]i7 ;b:o / ljleGg pk;ldtLx?nfO{ ;Ddfg u/Lg] ;+:yfsf cWoIf ljsf; afb]n] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ . ;Ddn]gdf ;:+yfsf] ultljlwsf af/d]f kj|Gws jbL|gfy afbn]] ;:+yfsf] @)&% c;f/ d:ffGt ;Ddsf] sn' sf/fa]f/ *@ s/f8] #$ nfv ( xhf/, zo]/ kh'LF ^ s/f8] &# nfv *# xhf/, art ^@ s/f8] !# nfv %! xhf/ C0f nufgL ^) s/f8] (& nfv ^) xhf/, ;:+yfut kh'L ^ s/f8] @) nfv @* xhf/ /xs ] f] hfgsf/L lbPsf lyP . ;:+yfsf] lhNnfe/ sf/fa]f/ Ifq] /xs ] f] / ^ xhf/ % ;o #* ;b:o ;Vof tyf cfufdL jif{ af6 PS;L; af0|8 kf|Kt xg'] hfgsf/L lbPsf lyP . /ht dxfT];a tyf jflifs { ;fwf/0f ;ef cfufdL c;fh] ^ ut] agk]fsf] kf6L{ eG]od"f xg'] ;:+yfsf pkfWoIf ho cfd] afbn]] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ . kqsf/ ;Ddn]gdf ;:+yfsf kwflwsf/L, ljleGg pk ;ldtLsf kwflwsf/Lx?sf] pkl:ytL /xs ] f] lyof] .

gs ] kfdf oj'f / ljBfyLs { f] c;Gti'6L ljsf; ltdlN;gf÷ag]kf g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ sfe|]sf] lhNnf g]t[Tjsf nflu ul/Psf] l;kmfl/; k|lt k'j{ Pdfn] lgs6sf eft[ ;+u7gn] c;Gt'li6 hgfPsf 5g\ . k'j{ Pdfn]sf] eft[ ;+u7g o'jf ;+3 g]kfn / clvn g]kfn /fli6«o :jtGq ljBfyL{ o'lgog cg]/f:jljo'n] ag]kfdf cfof]hgf u/]sf] e]nfdf af]Ng] clwsf+zn] hgtfsf] efjgf ljkl/t Psnf}6L ?kdf g]t[Tjsf] l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] eGb} c;Gt'li6 JoQm u/]sf x'g\ . sfo{qmddf cg]/f:jljo' s]lGb|o ;lrjfno ;b:o h]lgz nfdfn] b]z / hgtfsf nflu ljBfyL{sf] dxTjk'0f{ of]ubfg ePtf klg Pstfsf] ;Gbe{df eg] kf6L{n] lal;{Psf] atfP . Pstfsf] k'j;{ GWofdf k'j{ Pdfn] lgs6sf eft[ ;+u7gsf] dfq e]nf af]nfO{Psf] tkm{ O+lut ub}{ pgn] of] e]nf s'g} JolQm / kf6L{sf] lj?4 geO{ hgtfsf] efjgf ljkl/t sfd x'g glbg cfjfh alnof] agfpgsf ul/Psf] atfP . o:t} o'jf ;+3sf s]lGb|o ;b:o /fs]z nfdfn] kl/jt{gsf nflu dxTjk'0f{ e'ldsf v]Ng] Ps kIf o'jfnfO{ kf6L{n] pk]Iff u/]sf] dx;'; ePsf] atfP .

;a} kIfsf] 5nkmn ljgf ul/Psf lg0f{on] hgtfnfO{ lg/fz agfpg ;Sg] ;d]t pgn] atfP . b'O{ 7'nf kf6L{ Ps eP/ j[xt kf6L{ lgdf{0f ePsfn] kf6L{n] lg0f{o ubf{ ;r]t x'g'kg]{ nfdfsf] egfO{ lyof] . sfo{qmddf cg]/f:jljo'sf lhNnf cWoIf pk]Gb| zdf{n] g]skf sf] lhNnf g]t[Tjsf nflu ul/Psf] l;kmfl/; kof{Kt 5nkmn gul/ ul/Psfn] of] sfe|n] L hgtfsf] rfxgf ljkl/t ePsf] atfP . o;af6 cfufdL lbgdf cGo eft[;u+ 7gsf] Pstf ubf{ klg o'jf / ljBfyL{ sf] efjgf ljkl/t ;Demf}tf x'g] xf]sL eGg] cfz+sf plAhPsf] pgn] atfP . e]nfdf pkl:yt o'jf / ljBfyL{n] :yfgLo, k|fb]lzs / s]lGb|o lgdf{rdf k|fKt dtsf cfwf/df klg lhNNff g]tT[ j k'j{ Pdfnn] kfpg'kg]{ atfPsf lyP . pgLx?n] b'O{ ;+u7gsf] Pstf Ifdtf, of]ubfg sf] cfwf/df Gofok'0f{ tl/sfn] x'gk' g]d{ f g]tT[ jsf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf lyP . o'jf ;+3 sfe|s ] f cWoIf ljqmd rf}nfufFOsf] ;efkltTjdf ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] ;Grfng cg]/f:jljo' SofDk; lhNnf sld6L cWoIf gj/fh 9sfnn] u/]sf lyP .

si[0f ci6dLdf /y ofqf kl/qmdf ag]kf÷ljZj zflGtsf] sfdgf ub}{ ag]kfdf emfFsL ;lxtsf] j[xt /yofqf ePsf] 5 . >Ls[i0f hGdfi6dLsf] cj;/ kf/]/ ag]kfsf] gofFj:tLdf /x]sf] >Ls[i0f k|0ffdL dlGb/af6 ;'? ePsf] /y ofqf ag]kf gu/ kl/qmdf ul/ ;f]lx dlGb/df k'u/] ;dfkg ePsf] lyof] . pQm ofqfdf gjfQ]d wfdsf ul|bklt !)* >L cdt[/fh dxf/fh, u?'hg, kr | fl/sf ;lxt % ;o eGbf a9L eQmhgsf] pkl:ytL /xs ] f] lyof] . >Lsi[0f k0|ffdL ;j]f ;ldlt gk]fn, >Lsi[0f k0|ffdL oj'f kl/ifb\ gk]fn, afOh/'fh dlxnf ;ldlt gk]fnsf] ;o+Q'm cfofh]gfdf sfoq{md ePsf] xf] . pQm ofn{Ldf >Lsi[0f k0|ffdL ;j]f ;ldltsf

pkfWoIf Zofd si[0f zdf,{ >Lsi[0f k0|ffdL oj'f kl/ifbs \ f sfes ]| f cWoIf p4j k;|fb ltdlN;gf, ;j]f ;ldlt sfes ]| f cWoIf /j]tL k;|fb ;fksf6]f, afOh/'fh dlxnf ;ldltsf cWoIf nIdL bfxfn nufotn] zfsfxf/L hLjgzn}L ckgfpbf xg'] kmfObfsf af/d]f egfO{ /fvs ] f lyP . ¥ofnLdf agk]f, kgft}L, sz ' fbj]L, 9v +' s,{ /ofn,] k:ynL, xfS];,] zf/bf atf;,] ;G'yfg, rfvfn]f /fdr] nufotsf :yfgsf eQmhgx? kGrj]fhf / ljleGg emfs F L ;lxt pkl:yt ePsf lyP . sfoq{md >Lsi[0f k0|fdL ;j]f ;ldlt sfes ]| f ;rLj /dz ] nfld5fgn]] ;Grfng u/s ] f lyP .

kgf}tLdf s'df/ k'hf x'g] kgf}tL÷ s'df/ k'hf u/f} lg/f]uL agf} eGg] d'n gf/fsf ;fy kgf}tL gu/df nf]k x'g nfu]sf] g]jf/L k/Dk/f / ;:s[ltnfO{ lhjGt lbgsf] nfuL kgf}tL af]nad ;3+ / kgf}tL o"jfd~rsf] ;o'Qm cfof]hgfdf s'df/ k'hf x'g] ePsf] 5 . k'hf cfufdL ebf} @* ut] ljlxaf/ u0f]z rf}yLsf lbg #)*

s'df/x?sf] k'hf u/Lg] atfPsf] 5 . ;hfdf kfFr aif{ eGbf d'lgsf s'df/x?sf] k'hf ul/g] 5 . k'hfdf k=cRo't k|= e§/fO{4f/ k'hf kf7 u/Lg] / cfufdL jif{ af6 o; s'df/ k'hf sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] :yflgo ljs'gf/fo0f tfd|fsf/n] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ .

xflbs { awfO{

kf]N6«L ljz]if 8f= u0f]z aGhf/f

ufp6 /f]u d[uf}nf ;DalGw ;d:ofx? w]/} kG5Lx?df ljBdfg ;d:ofx? x'g h;n] ufp6 /f]usf] ;[hgf ub{5 . d[uf}nfn] cfˆgf] sfo{ Ifdtf s'g} /f]un] ubf{ sd ePdf z/L/df hDdf ePsf o'l/s Pl;8 (Uric Acid) d[uf}nfn] z/L/ aflx/ ˆofSg ;Sb}g / tLg} o'l/s Pl;8sf] dfqf /utdf a9L eP/ z/L/sf] ljleGg 7fpF h:t} d'6', sn]hf], d[uf}nf, cfGb|f, kmf]S;f]df hDdf eO c;/ ub{5g eg] To;nfO{ g} ufp6 elgG5 . z/L/ afFRgsf] nflu z/L/ leqsf ;a} sf]ifx?df /;folgs k|ltlqmof x'g'k5{ . o;/L x'g] /;folgs k|ltlqmof nfO{ b'O{ efudf af8\g ;lsG5 . !_ Sof6faf]lnhd (Catabolism) M o;df zl//sf sf]if leq phf{ k|fKt x'g c0f'x? (Molecules) 6'lqmG5g\ . @_ Pgfaf]lnhd (Anabolism) M sf] i fx?n] rfx] s f] sDkfpG8x?

(Compounds) cfkm}n] ;[hgf u5{g\ . z/L/sf sf]if leq phf{ k|fKt ug]{ k|s[of hlxn] klg ;Gt'lnt x'g'k5{ . olb ;Gt'ng lau|g uPdf d]6faf]lns l8:c8{/ (Metabolic Disorder) eO{ ljleGg /f]u nfUg] tyf ;d:ofx? cfpg ;S5 . h'g z/L/ leqsf s'g} cTofjZos c+ux? h:t} d'6', sn]hf,] d[uf}nf, kmf]S;f]sf] ;Gt'ng lau|G5 ta z/L/ leq h}ljs /;folgs k|ltlqmofsf] (Bio-Chemical Reaction) klg ;Gt'ng lau|G5 . kmn:j?k ljleGg d]6faf]lns l8:c8{/x? b]lvg yfN5g . oLg} d]6faf]lns l8:c8{/x? dWo] cfh s'v'/fsf] ufp6sf af/]df rrf{ ug{ uO/x]sf] 5f} . d[uf}nfsf] sfd eg]sf] z/L/df hDdf ePsf z/L/nfO{ grflxg] tTjx?nfO{ 5fg]/ z/L/ aflx/ ˆofSg], cGt/laif hGo kbfy{nfO{ z/L/ aflx/ ˆofSg], /Qm ;+rf/sf] rfknfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{, /utsf] 3gTj l:y/ /fVg] / z/L/df kfgL / On]S6«f]nfO6 nfO{ ;+/If0f ug'{ xf] . bfgfdf ePsf] k|f]l6g sn]hf]df d]6faf]lnhdsf] a]nfdf o'l/s Pl;8sf] pTklt x'G5 / logLx? d[uf}nfsf] dfWodaf6 z/L/ aflx/ ˆoflsG5g . o'l/s Pl;8df gfO6«f]hgsf] dfqf a9L x'g] / s'v'/fdf o'l/s]; (Uricase) OGhfOd gx'g] x+'bf oL o'l/s Pl;8x? z/L/sf] kfgLnfO{ ;+/If0f ub}{ lb;fdf cw{ t/n cj:yfdf z/L/af6 aflx/ lg:sG5g . ha ToxfF d]6faf]lns sfo{df vnan cfpF5 ta ufp6sf] ;[hgf x'G5 . ufp6 x'g] sf/0fx?df d[uf}nfn] o'l/s Pl;8 ˆofSg] Ifdtf eGbf a9L o'l/s Pl;8 sn]hf]n] pTkfbg ug'{ jf d[u[ f}nfn] s'g} sf/0fa; sfd ug{ g;Sg' kg{ cfpF5g . oL b'j} sf/0fn] /utdf o'l/s Pl;8sf] dfqf a9fO z/L/sf] ljleGg c+ux?df c;/ ug{ yfN5 . kmn:j?k zf/Ll/s j[l4b/ gx'g] / w]/} d[To'b/ x'g] h:tf ;d:ofx? b]lvG5g . c;/ ug]{ :yfgsf] cfwf/df ufp6nfO{ @ efudf jlu{s/0f ul/Psf] 5 . !_ le;]/n ufp6 (Viceral gout) M x's{b} u/]sf] rNnfx?df of] ;d:of b]lvG5 . !%–#% k|ltzt d[To'b/ x'G5 eg] o'l/s Pl;8x? d'6', sn]hf], d[uf}nf / cfGb|df b]Vg ;lsG5 . @_ cfl6s { n ' / ufp6 (Articular gout) M o:tf] ;d:of slxn] sfxL dfq bV]g ;lsG5 . jz + f0fu't ;d:of klg xg' ;S5 . ol'/s Pl;8 x88\Lsf] hfg]L,{ lnufdG]6; (Ligaments) / df;d'f bV]g ;lsG5 . dfly pNnl]vt bj'} yl/sf] ufp6df ;t]f] rssf] wn'f] h:tf] tLvf] l;of h:tf rlDsnf s0fx? bV]g ;lsG5 . ;fwf/0ftof sv ' /'fsf] /utdf ol'/s Pl;8sf] dfqf 5-7 mg/100 ml xG'5 eg] ufp6 ePsf] cj:yfdf 44

mg/100 ml xG'5 . ufp6 nufpg] sf/0fx? s] s] x'g < !_ kf]if0f @_ ;+qmd0f #_ Joj:yfkg $_ cGo !_ kfi]f0f M SoflN;od / kmf:]kmf/];sf] cgk'ft gldNbf SoflN;od ;fl]8od o/'6] lqm:6n (Calcium Sodium Urate Crystal) aGb5 . kmf:]kmf/];n] (Phosphorous) Pl;l8kmfo/sf] sfd u5{ / olb kmf:]kmf/]; sd ePdf ufp6sf] ;h[gf xG'5 . To;u}l/ ;fl]8odsf] dfqf a9L ePdf du[fn}fdf sfoe{f/ a9L kb5{ . bfgfdf le6fldg D3 sf] dfqf a9L x'b+ f cfGb|faf6 w]/} SoflN;od :ff]l:fG5 . nfdf] ;do;Dd le6fldg A sf] sdLn] d[uf}nfsf] tubular epithlium sf] efu lau|b} hfG5 . #) k|ltIft k|fl] 6g eGbf a9L k|fl] 6gn]] w]/} o'l/s Pl;8 pTkfbg ug]{ x'gfn] rf8f] d[uf}nf lau|G5 . bfgfdf o'l/of dn ld;fj6n] klg d[uf}nf lau|G5 . @= ;+qmd0f sf/0f lgDg cg';f/sf efO/n sf/0fn] d[uf}nfsf] Iflt eO ufp6 eP/ x'sb{ } u/]sf] rNnfx?sf] d[To'b/ a9L x'G5 .

– Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IB) n] – uDa/f] /f]u – Pldog P:6«f]efO/; (Avian Astrovirus) d]6faf]lns sf/0fdf kfgL el/g] ;d:of k5{ cyf{t c;fOl6;df rNnfx?nfO{ kof{Kt clS;hg gkfPsf] cj:yfdf ufp6 b]lvG5 . dfOsf]6lS;g leq ls/f dfg]{ ljiffbLsf s]xL c+zx?sf ;fy} dfOsf]6lS;gdf Ochratoxin / Citrinin n] d[uf}nfnfO{ c;/ k'¥ofpF5g . #= Joj:yfkgsf sf/0f lgDg sf/0fn] rNnfx?n] kfgL sd vfPdf ufp6 bl]vg ;S5 .

– al'|8ªsf an]f w/]} tftf] / w/]} jftfj/0fsf] ;h[gf ePdf – kfgLsf] ef8fsf] sdL ePdf – k|ofKt kfgL vfg g;s]df jf l8«ªs \ /sf] prfO a9L ePdf – EoflS;g ubf{ kfgL w]/} ;do /f]sd] f – kfgLsf] PH w]/} 36fpbf s'v/' fn] w]/} kfgL vfg g;s]df cJojl:yt Xofr/L Joj:yfkgdf – c08fsf plrt e08f/0f gx'g' – OlGSo'j]6 (Incubate) cj:yf /fd|f] gx'g' – rNnf xf]lN8ª ?ddf /xbf a9L udL{ eO lgh{lns/0f (Dehydration) x'g' – rNnfnfO{ nfdf] ;do ;Dd kfgL glbO{ 9'jfgL ug'{ $= cGo sf/0fx?

– PlG6jfof]l6ssf] cToflws k|of]u – lgnf]ty' f]sf] nfdf] ;do ;Ddsf] k|of]u /f]syfd – /f]u Joj:yfkgdf IB lj?åsf] EoflS;g nufpg] – kfgLdf Pl;l8kmfo/ / 6lS;g afOG8/ cf}iflwsf] k|of]u ug]{ – PlG6afof]l6s, PlG6slS;8f]:6\of6 / kfgL ;kmf ug]{ cf}iflwx? cfjZostf eGbf a9L k|of]u gug]{ – Xofr/L tkm{ tfkqmd / ;fk]lIft cfb|tf 7Ls /fVg] – c08f e08f/0f ;lx tl/sfn] ug]{ – rNnfx?nfO{ hlt ;Sbf] rf8f] kmd{ leq n]/fPkl5 kfgL lbg] .

– kmd{ leq tfkqmd ;Gt'ng sfod /fVg] / l7s tl/sfn] a|l' 8ª ug],{ – z/L/df hDdf ePsf o'l/s Pl;8nfO{ aflx/ ˆofSg kfgLdf Onf]S6«fn] fO6 ld;fP/ lbg] – w]/} d[To'b/ ePsf] v08df kfgLdf lrgL / le6fldg l; klg ld;fP/ lbg] . e'n;'wf/ M utf+s k|sflzt kf]N6«L ljz]if :tDesf] lzif{sdf lrs]g Plgldof x'g'kg{]df cGoyf ePsf]n] ;RrfOPsf] 5 . – ;+=

xflbs { awfO{

ag]kf )&, sfe|k] nf~rf]ssf]

#& cf}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DaGwL ;"rgf pk/f]Qm ;DaGwdf o; lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=sfe|]sf] ;+rfns ;ldltsf] ldlt @)&%÷)$÷)& ut] a;]sf] a}7ssf] lg0f{o cg';f/ o; ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=sf] #& cf}F aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef lgDg ljifox?df 5nkmn ug{ pNNf]lvt ldlt, :yfg / ;dodf x'g] ePsfn] ;Dk'0f{ ;b:o ;xsf/L ;+3÷;:yf ln=x?af6 k|ltlglw ;xeflu k7fOlbg'x'g xflb{s cg'/f]w ul/G5 . ;Dk'0f{ ;b:o ;xsf/L ;+3÷;:yf ln=x?nfO{ kq k7fO;lsPsf] 5 . s'g} sf/0fa; kq k|fKt gePsf] eP o;} ;'rgfnfO cfwf/dflg ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt eOlbg'x'g cg'/f]w ul/G5 .

5nkmnsf laifox? != cf=j )&$÷&% sf] k|utL k|lta]bg ;DaGwdf . @= rfn' cf=j )&%÷&^ sf] aflif{s sfo{qmd tyf cg'dflgt cfo Joo ;DaGwdf . #= n]vf tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg ;DjGwdf . $= cf=j )&$÷&% sf] n]vfkl/If0f k|ltj]bg kf/Lt ug]{ ;DjGwdf . %= cf=j )&%÷&^ sf nflu n]vfkl/Ifs lgo'lQm / kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f ;DjGwdf . ^= ;+3df /x]sf ef}lts ;+/rgf ;DjGwdf . &= ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{o k'l:tsfdf x:tfIf/ ug{ k|ltlglw dgf]gog ;DaGwdf . *= ljljw . sfo{qmd ldlt M @)&% efb| @^ ut], d+unaf/ lblnk zdf{ :yfgM s]=Pg= a}+s]6, ag]kf &, sfe|] ;lrj ;do M ljxfg )*M !% ah]

w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf gu/k|d'v >L czf]s s'df/ Jof~h" >]i7 g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf] 5}7f}+ clwj]zgaf6 ul/dfdo cWoIf kbdf lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf]df pxfF nufot lgjf{lrt ;Dk"0f{ kbflwsf/Lx?df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub}{ sfo{sfn ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf gu/k|d'v >L czf]s s'df/ Jof~h" >]i7 g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf] 5}7f}+ clwj]zgaf6 ul/dfdo cWoIf kbdf lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf]df pxfF nufot lgjf{lrt ;Dk"0f{ kbflwsf/Lx?df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub}{ sfo{sfn ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

lbkf Jof~h"

;+ho sf]+h"

nIdL dlxnf ;fd'bflos ;+:yf kl/jf/, w'lnv]n, sfe|]

g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L w'lnv]n pkzfvf kl/jf/, sfe|]

cWoIf tyf

;efklt Pj+

*

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

wl'nvn] gu/kflnsfdf eAo :jfut oj'f ;fsf;]sf] :yfkgf lbj; ;DkGg

wl'nvn]÷gk]fn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf cWoIf tyf w'lnv]n gu/klnsfsf kd|v ' czfs ] Aof~hn'] bz ] e/sf gu/kflnsfx?nfO{ ljleGg ljsf;sf ofh]gfx?n] ;Dj4[ agfpg' kg]{ atfPsf 5g\ . w' l nv] n gu/kflnsfn] awfO{ / z'esfdgf lbg cfof]hgf u/]sf] sfo{qmddf af]Nb} cWoIf Aof~h'n] ;8s, lzIff, :jf:Yo, ;'s'Daf;L ;d:of ;dfwfg, k"0f{ ;/;kmfO{ nufotsf If]qdf sfo{ ug{' kg{] atfP . …xfdL cfufdL jif{ leq} w' l nv] n gu/kflnsfnfO{ ;'s'Daf;L d'Qm gu/kflnsf agfpg] cleofgdf 5f}Ú+ –cWoIf Aof~h'n] eg]–…;a}sf] 3/ 3/df kfgL, zt k|ltzt ;fIf/, k"0f{ ;/;kmfO{ ;lxtsf] v'Nnf lbzf d'Qm gu/kflnsf 3f]if0ff, jftfj/0f, afnd}qL gu/, gu/ k|d'v ul/jL lgjf/0f sf]if dfkm{t l;k cfh{g u/L ul/jL Go'lgs/0f ug{] 5f}+Ú–gu/ k|d'v czf]s Aof~h'n] eg] . …hgtf ;r]t / wgL geP;Dd gu/ wgL x'g ;Sb}gÚ–pgn]

eg]–…dfgljo z+;fwgsf If]qdf sfd u/L gu/nfO{ cem} ;Dj[4 agfpg' k5{ .Ú Psh'6 eP/ sfd ubf{ c;Dej eGg] g} s]lx gx'g] atfpFb} Aof~h'n] g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3nfO{ ;ftfsf] Ps lbg ;do pknAw u/fpg] / afFsL ;do w'lnv]n gu/s} sfddf nfUg] atfP . sfo{qmddf pkk|dv ' ljdnf zdf{n] gu/sf ;du| ljsf; lgdf{0fdf hgk|ltlgwL / sd{rf/Lx? Psh'6 x'g' kg{] atfO{g\ . g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 sfe|] zfvfsf cWoIf df]lt/fd ltdlN;gfn] w'lnv]ndf ul/g] ljsf;n] ;du| gu/kflnsfx?sf] ljsf;sf] ?k b]lvg] ePsfn] w'lnv]ndf ljsf; / hgtfsf ;]jfx?df Wofg lbg' kg{] atfP . lgldQ kz | f;lso kd|v ' wgaxfb/' a:gt], j8f cWoIfx?, gu/ sfok{flnsf ;b:ox?, gu/kflnsfsf ljefusf kd|v ' tyf sdr { f/Lx?, ljleGg ljBfno tyf sfofn{osf sdr { f/Lx?n] gu/ kd|v ' Aof~hs ' f] sfos { fn ;kmntfsf] ze'sfdgf AoQm ub}{ awfO{ lbPsf lyP .

nfoG; Snjsf] kb:yfkg sfo{qmd ;DkGg agk]f÷nfoG; Snj ckm sfe]| agk]fsf] $! cf,} sfe]| agk]f lnof] Snjsf] #$ cf} / agk]f lnof] Snjsf] !* cf} kb:yfkg sfoq{md ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . l8:6«Ls ue{g/ 8f= ;'b{zg k|wfgsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf ;+:yfks cWoIf /fd/fhf wf}e8]n, lgj{tdfg cWoIf s}nfz knf~rf]s] tyf ljleGg AolQmx?n] nfoG; Snjn] u/]sf ultljlwsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP . nfoG; Snjsf nflu ckm sfe|] ag]kfsf nflu @)!*– @)!( sf nflu ej;fu/ /l~ht, k|yd pkfWoIf dl0f ;'Aaf, 4lto pkfWoIf

z';g /fha+zL, t[lto pkfWoIf ;'/;] eQm ef]lIfef]of, ;lrj ;'/h ds} >]i7, sf]i[ ffWoIf kbd;'Gb/ >]i7, ;x sf]iffWoIf lg? a}bf/, ;x ;lrj ;l/tf knf~rf]s] /x]sf 5g\ .

To:t} 6]n 6\lj:6/ ;'lgn dfgGw/, 6]d/ OZj/L afb] >]i7, hg;Dks{ clwsf/L OZj/ dxfh' tyf sfe|] lnof] Snjsf] cWoIfdf ;'ldt dfgGw/, ag]kf lnof] Snjsf] cWoIfdf /fh]Zj/ >]i7 lgjf{lrt ePsf 5g\ . lgj{tdfg cWoIf s}nfz knf~rf]sn] fO{ lnof] P8\efO{h/df lgo'lQm ul/Psf] 5 . lgjf{lrt ;a}n] kb:yfkg u/]sf 5g\ .

ag]kf÷o'jf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= n] efb| !% ut] z'qmaf/ cfˆgf] @@ cf}F :yfkgf lbj;sf] cj;/ kf/]/ kfFrvfn gu/kflnsf j8f g+= l:yt >L u0f]z df=lj= sf ul/a tyf h]xGbf/ ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ lgMz'Ns emf]nf ljt/0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . pQm cj;/df ;+:yfsf tkm{af6 cWoIf pbo/fd sfo:y, ;~rfns ;ldlt tyf lzIff pk–;ldlt ;+of]hs sf}zn/fh v8\sf, ;~rfns ;ldlt ;b:o tyf afn pk–;ldlt ;+of]hs cg' d:ofh", n]vf ;'kl/j]If0f ;ldlt ;+of]hs ljsf; kGt, n]vf clws[t lgZrn ;fksf]6f nufotsf JolQmx¿sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;+:yfsf cWoIf pbo/fd sfo:yn] o'jf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ;dfhsf ljkGg ju{kl| t g} ;dlk{t ;+:yf ePsf]n] ljkGg ju{df nlIft sfo{qmdx¿ lg/Gt/ ub}{ cfO/x]sf] atfP . ;~rfns ;ldlt ;b:o tyf lzIff pk–;ldlt ;+of]hs sf}zn/fh v8\sfn] ;xsf/L ;+:yfn] art ;+sng u/L shf{ nufgL ug]{ dfq geO{ o:tf vfnsf ;fdflhs sfo{df klg ;+nUg eO{ dfgjtfsf] kl/ro lbg ;S5 eGg] pbfx/0f o; ;+:yfn] lbg ;s]sf] atfP . ;+:yf :yfkgf lbj;s} cj;/ kf/]/ o'jf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfn] df]afOn a}lF sª ;]jf ;'rf? u/]sf] 5 . pQm ;]jfsf] pb\3f6g sfe|k] nf~rf]s lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 lnld6]8sf cWoIf ljgf]b k/fh'nLsf] xftaf6 ;+:yfsf] PlKns];g 8fpgnf]8 u/L ul/Psf] lyof] . of] ;]jf k|of]u u/L ;+:yfsf ;b:ox¿n] 3/ a;L

a;L df]afOn l/rfh{ ug{, l6=eL= l/rfh{ ug{, lah'nLsf] lan ltg{, cfˆgf] vftfdf /x]sf] Aofn]G;af/] hfgsf/L lng] nufotsf sfo{ ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . o;} cj;/df efb| !& ut] kfFrvfn gu/kflnsf j8f g+=+ ^ l:yt ;+:yfsf] art ;+sng s]Gb|df …pTs[i6 a'xf/L ;DdfgÚ sfo{qmd klg ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnL ;+:sf/ cg';f/ j[4fj:yfsf kfl/jfl/s ;b:ox¿ -;f;", ;;'/f_ nfO{ cgj/t x]/rfx ug],{ ;Ddfg ug],{ nfngkfngdf Wofg lbg], afnaflnsfx¿sf] pTs[i6 x]/rfx ug's { f ;fy} cGo ;fdflhs, cfly{s lqmofsnfkdf klg plQs} ;lqmo a'xf/Lx¿nfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] pQm ;Ddfg sfo{qmddf kfFrvfn gu/kflnsf j8f g+= ^ sf j8f cWoIf >L /fdz/0f b'nfnsf] k|dv ' cfltYotf /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf af]Nb} k|d'v cltlyn] o; k|sf/sf] ;Ddfg sfo{qmdn] ;a}nfO{ g}lts lzIff lbg] atfP . sfo{qmddf ;+:yfsf ;b:oåo d}ofF tfdfª / dfof tfdfªnfO{ k|d'v cltlyn] bf];Nnf cf]9fP/ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . ;Ddflgt a'xf/Lx¿nfO{ ;Ddfg–kqsf ;fy} dfofsf] lrgf] klg k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;+:yfsf tkm{af6 cWoIf pbo/fd sfo:y, n]vf ;'kl/j]If0f ;ldlt ;+of]hs ljsf; kGt, dlxnf pk–;ldlt ;b:o /]Zdf >]i7, n]vf clws[t lgZrn ;fksf]6f nufotsf] pkl:ylt /xsf] lyof] . o;sf ;fy} sfo{qqmdsf cjwf/0ffsf/ tyf ;+of]hs z]/axfb'/ >]i7nfO{ klg vfbf cf]9fO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

sz'fbj]Ldf ;h[glzn l;sfO{ tflnd sz ' fbj]L÷/ftf] aªunf 6l«gª kmfpG8z ] g / uf|ld0f ;db'fo ljsf; cf/;LPkm sf] cfofh]gfdf sz ' fbj]Ldf lzIfs ;h[glzn l;sfO{ tflnd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . tflnd ;dfkg sfo{qmddf kgf}tL gu/kflnsfsf lzIff zfvf k|dv ' O{Zj/ hªudsf] k|dv ' cfltYotf /x]sf] lyof] eg] ;|ft] s]Gb| ;xfos df]xg e'h' nufotsf gu/leqsf ljleGg ljBfnosf lzIfssf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf kgf}tL gu/sf lzIff zfvf k|dv ' O{Zj/ hªudn] lzIffdf ;a}sf] kx'r F / u'0f:tl/otfdf j[l4sf nflu # s/f]8 eGbf a9L /sd 5'6o\ fPsf] hfgsf/L lbP .

;/sf/L ljBfnodf sfo{/t (* k|ltzt eGbf a9L lzIfs tflnd k|fKt /x]sfn] ca lzIffsf] u'0f:t/df klg j[l4 x'Fb} hfg] pgn] ljZjf; JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . tflndsf nflu cf/;LPkm g]kfnsf lzIff k|d'v >Ls[i0f yfkfn] cu'jfO{ u/]sf lyP . kgf}tL gu/kflndf /x]sf s'zfb]jL dfWoflds ljBfno, efnrGb| dfWoflds ljBfno / efn]Zj/ dfWoflds ljBfnodf ^ xKtf ;Dd tflnd lbOPsf] lyof] . pQm tflnddf @$ hgf lzIfssf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . tflndaf6 w]/} gofF s'/f l;Sg] cj;/ ldn]sf] lzIfsx?n] atfPsf 5g\ .

yfgklt dlGb/df ;Ktfx ;DkGg ag]kf÷ ag]kf gu/kflnsf ( sf] bIf'6f]ndf /x]sf] yfgklt dlGb/df uf}/;+/If0f tyf lkt[ p4f/sf]nfuL !)* >Ldb\efuat ;Ktfx 1fgdxfo1 ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ut efb| !$ bv ] L @) ut] ;Dd ePsf] ;f] dxfo1df lzjzlQm blIf0fsfnL

gjbu'f{ dftfsf] ;t;\s + Nkdf ePsf] ;Ktfxdf yfgklt dlGb/ kg'lgdf0f{ sfon{fO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] tyf zv + /fk/' gkf OG{b0]fLdf a[4a[4fcf>d lgdf0f{sfnfuL ;Ktfx nufOP{sf] cfofh]sn] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ . ;Ktfx oj'f k08Lt ;Togf/fo0f gk]fnsf] dv ' /fljGbaf6 ePsf] lyof] .

xflbs { awfO{

jif{ @$ c+s $% @)&% ebf} @! ut] ljxLjf/

l3gf+hs ' f] (^ cf}+ hGdf];j dgfO{of]

w'lnv]n÷/fdrGb| l3gf~h" ;dfh ;]jf k|lti7fgsf] cfof]hgfdf k|lti7fgsf] gjf} aflif{sf]T;j tyf k|lti7fgsf ;+/Ifs jl/i7 ;dfh;]jL /fdrGb| l3gf~h'sf] (^ cf} z'ehGdf]T;jsf] ;'vb cj;/df cfof]hgf ul/Psf] 5fqa[lQ ljt/0f tyf ;Ddfg sfo{qmd @)&% ljz]if sfo{qmdsf aLr ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . > L s [ i 0 f hGdfi6dLsf lbg hGdg' ePsf l3gf~h'sf] hGdlbgsf] cj;/ kfl/ ;dfh ;]jfdf pTs[i6 sfd ug'{x'g] jl/i7 ;dfh;]jL eLd clwsf/L, ;fdflhs pTk|]/s ;'>L ;'wf l;njfn, w'lnv]n ;dfh w/fgsf ;:yfks cWoIf bLns[i0f t';'h, :jf:YosdL{ lzjgf/fo0f e'vh" nufotnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . ;fy} !!hgf ljBfyL{nfO{ 5fqa[lQ k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . @$ hgf 5fqa[lQ kfpg]n] :gfts kf; ul/;s]sf 5g\ . ;fdflhs If]qsf] lasf;sf nflu of] ;+:yfn] cfjZos ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf] k|lti7fgsf cWoIf bLn;'Gb/ >]i7n] hfgsf/L u/fP . w'lnv]n sfsfs'n alg/x]sf] cj:yfdf k"j{ lhNnf ;efklt :j=/fdrGb| clwsf/Ln] w'lnv]nsf afl;GbfnfO{ nufPsf] u'g slxNo} la;{g' x'Gg eGb} pxfFsf] hLjgL o;} k|lti7fgn] k|sflzt ug]{ 3f]if0ff u/]sf]

l3gf~h'sf ;'kq' tyf w'lnv]n vfg]kfgL pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf cWoIf /fd]Zj/ l3gf~h" >]i7n] hfgsf/L u/fP . sfo{qmdsf k|dv ' cltly ;8s ljefusf dxflgb]z { s /ljGb| >]i7n] l3gf~h'sf] bL3{ hLjg tyf ;':jf:Yosf] sfdgf ub}{ b]zs} nflu ;3fp k'/o\ fpFb} cfPsf $ hgf ;dfh ;]jL / !!hgf pRr lzIff xfl;n ub}{ u/]sf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ ;Ddfg ul/ ;+:yfn] b]vfPsf] of]ubfgsf] k|z;f u/] . cfkm'n] klg ;8s ljefudf a;]/ sfo{If]q / clwsf/sf] k|of]u ul/ ;Sbf] ;xof]u ug]{ k|lta4tf pgn] AoQm u/] . w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf k"j{ d]o/ a]nk|;fb >]i7n] ;dfh;]jL l3gf~h' b'/ b[li6 /fVg] JolQmTj ePsf] / ;dfhsf] ljsf;sf nflu cfu|x ug{ l9nf] ug'{ x'Gg ;don] kv{Gg eGg] dfGotf /fVg] JolQm ePsf] atfP . w'lnv]nsf] vfg]kfgLsf] kl/sNkgfsf pxfF g} ePsf] / Pslbg eQmk'/sf] ljsf;nfO{ b]vfpFb} dnfO{ nu]/ eQmk'/sf] ljsf;df ;3fp k'/\ofpg] hd{g 6f]nL;Fu e]6 u/fPs} sf/0f cfh w'lnv]ndf vfg]kfgL cfPsf] a]nk|;fbn] atfP .

Tolx kfgLsf sf/0f w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf aGof], sf7df8f} ljZjljBfno lelqof], w'lnv]n c:ktfn aGof] pgn] eg] .

;fwf/0f ;ef ;DaGwL ;"rgf o; o'jf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= sf] ldlt @)&%÷)%÷)% ut] zlgaf/ a;]sf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ ;+:yfsf] @@ cf}F jflif{s pT;j tyf @) cf}F jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef lgDg ldlt, ;do / :yfgdf ;'–;DkGg x'g uO/x]sf] Joxf]/f ;xif{ hfgsf/L u/fpFb} tkfO{s F f] clgjfo{ pkl:yltsf] nflu ;fb/ cg'/f]w ub{5f}F . sfo{qmd ldlt M @)&% efb| #) ut], zlgaf/ :yfg M ag]kf kf6L{ e]Go", ag]kf -do"/ xn cufl8_ gfd btf{ M laxfg 7Ls (M)) ah]bl] v pb\3f6g sfo{qmd M !!M#) ah] lrofkfg M @M)) ah] aGb ;q M @M#) ah] aGb ;q 5nkmnsf ljifox¿ != ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{o k'l:tsf k|dfl0ft ug]{ k|ltlglw rog ;DaGwdf @= ;lrjsf] k|ltj]bgdfly 5nkmn / cg'df]bg #= sf]ifWoIfsf] k|ltj]bgdfly 5nkmn / cg'df]bg $= n]vf ;'kl/j]If0f ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bgdfly 5nkmn / cg'df]bg %= n]vfkl/Ifs lgo'lQm / kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f ;DaGwdf ljlgod k|:tfj ;+zf]wg ;DaGwdf ^= cg'dflgt ah]6 tyf jflif{s sfo{of]hgf cg'df]bg &= ;+:yf PsLs/0f ug]{ ;DaGwdf *= Joj:yfkg tyf ;+:yfsf] gLlt lgodx¿af/] 5nkmn tyf cg'df]bg (= ;+:yfsf] l:y/ ;DklQ tyf lwtf] lnnfdaf6 k|fKt ;DklQ lnnfd lalqm ;DaGwdf !)= ljljw ;DaGwdf

;"rgf

w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf gu/k|d'v >L czf]s s'df/ Jof~h" >]i7 g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf] 5}7f}+ clwj]zgaf6 ul/dfdo cWoIf kbdf lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf]df pxfF nufot lgjf{lrt ;Dk"0f{ kbflwsf/Lx?df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub}{ sfo{sfn ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

lx/faxfb'/ tfdfª k|f]kfO6/

d08nb]jL ;Knfo;{ kl/jf/ w'lnv]n–#, sfe|]

!_ ljljw zLif{s cGt/ut 5nkmn ug{ OR5's z]o/ ;b:oHo"x¿n] ldlt @)&% efb| @% ut] ck/fGx %M)) ah];Dd ;+:yfdf lglvt ¿kdf ;"rgf lbg'kg]{5 . @_ ;fwf/0f ;efdf ;dfodf g} pkl:yt x'g'x'g] z]o/ ;b:oHo"x¿nfO{ vr{ ?= #%@=($ df s/ s§L u/L afFls ?= #)) k|bfg ul/g]5 . h;sf nflu ;+:yf4f/f ljt/0f ul/Psf] kl/ro kq jf z]o/ k|df0f kq jf kf;a's lnO{ ;b:o :jo+ pkl:yt x'g'kg]{5 . cGoyf k|ltlglwnfO{ kl/jxg vr{ k|bfg ul/g] 5}g . #_ ;fwf/0f ;efsf] aGb ;qdf ;xeflutf hgfpg'x'g] ;b:oHo"x¿nfO{ uf]nfk|yf4f/f cfsif{s k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf ul/g] ;xif{ hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}F . gf]6M !_ ;b:ox¿n] efb| dlxgf;Ddsf] dfl;s lgoldt art oxL @)&% efb| @% ut]leq clgjfo{ ¿kdf ;+:yfdf a'emfpg'xg' cg'/f]w 5 . dfl;s, lgoldt art tyf cGo sf/f]af/x¿ ! jif{bl] v lg/Gt/ gug]{ ;b:onfO{ kl/jxg vr{ pknAw u/fOg] 5}g . @_ s[kof tf]lsPsf] ;dodf pkl:yt eO{ sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf ;xof]u k'¥ofOlbg'xg' ljz]if cg'/f]w ub{5f}F ;fy} tkfO{s F f] ul/dfdo pkl:yltsf] nflu xfdL k|ltIff/t 5f}F . ;/f]h s'df/ ltdN;]gf ;lrj

xflbs { awfO{

w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf gu/k|d'v >L czf]s s'df/ Jof~h" >]i7 g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf] 5}7f}+ clwj]zgaf6 ul/dfdo cWoIf kbdf lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf]df pxfF nufot lgjf{lrt ;Dk"0f{ kbflwsf/Lx?df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub}{ sfo{sfn ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

;+jfb tyf zflGt d~r kl/jf/ ag]kf, sfe|]

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

(

jif{ @$ c+s $% @)&% ebf} @! ut] ljxLjf/

xflbs { awfO{ tyf ze ' sfdgf

w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf gu/k|d'v Pj+ sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfnosf l;g]6 ;b:o >L czf]s s'df/ Jof~h" >]i7 g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf] 5}7f}+ clwj]zgaf6 ul/dfdo cWoIf kbdf lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf]df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub}{ sfo{sfn ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

k|f]= 8f= /fds07 dfsh" pks"nklt Pj+

sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfno kl/jf/, w'lnv]n, sfe|]

xflbs { awfO{ tyf ze ' sfdgf

w'lnv]n vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf ;+:yfks ;b:o Pj+ w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf gu/k|d'v >L czf]s s'df/ Jof~h" >]i7 g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf] 5}7f}+ clwj]zgaf6 ul/dfdo cWoIf kbdf lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf]df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub}{ sfo{sfn ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

/fd]Zj/ l3gf+h" cWoIf tyf

w'lnv]n vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt kl/jf/, w'lnv]n, sfe|]

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

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jif{ @$ c+s $% @)&% ebf} @! ut] ljxLjf/

xflbs { awfO{

w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf gu/k|d'v >L czf]s s'df/ Jof~h" >]i7 g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf] 5}7f}+ clwj]zgaf6 ul/dfdo cWoIf kbdf lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf]df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub}{ sfo{sfn ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

lblnk zdf{ cWoIf

;|f]t Joj:yfkg tyf u|fdL0f ;zlQms/0f s]Gb| -l/d/]s_ kl/jf/ w'lnv]n, sfe|]

!!

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

sfe|] SofDk;df ljl;P ag]kf÷lhNnfs} k'/fgf] tyf h]7f] SofDk;df lqe'jg ljZjljBfnoaf6 ;Dawg k|fKt cfO{l6 ;DalGw ljl;P ;+sfo z'? ePsf] 5 . ;d'bfodf cfwf/Lt sfe|] SofDk;n] ljutsf jif{x?df cfO{l6 ljifox?nfO{ dxTj lbO{ ljcfO{l;6L, / of] jif{af6 ljl;P ;+sfo ;~rfng ug{ nfluPsf] SofDk; k|dv ' s]hL a}bf/n] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ . ljBfyL{x?sf] dfu /

jif{ @$ c+s $% @)&% ebf} @! ut] ljxLjf/

;docg';f/sf] lzIffnnfO{ Wofg lbb} SofDk;n] ;f]xL cg';f/sf] lzIff lbg vf]hs ] f] pgn] atfP . Go"gtd z'Nsdf cWoog u/fO{ /x]sf] SofDk;df cfufdL jif{df ljP;L ;~rfng ug{ nfu]sf] 5 . SofDk;n] k|flawLs lzIffdf al9 hf]8 lbb} a]/f]huf/L lzIff eGbf /f]huf/L lzIffnfO{ k|fydLstf lbPsf] atfP . sf7df8f};Dd hfg] ljBfyL{x?nfO{ cj lhNnfd} cfO{l6 ;DalGwsf ljifox? cWoog ug{] ca;/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 . sIff !! / !@ df s'g} klg ljifodf lhlkP @ NofPsf ljBfyL{x?n] of] ljifo k9\g kfpg] ePsf 5g\ .

ag]kf gu/kflnsf

ag]kf sfo{kflnsf j8f g+= !$ sf] sfof{no, sfe|]

;f“w ;“lwof/sf] gfddf hf/L ePsf] ;"rgf ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)&%.%.@!

@^ cf}+ aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef tyf /ht dxf]T;j sfo{qmddf pkl:yt x'g] ;DaGwL ;"rgf o; ;+:yfsf] ldlt @)&%÷)#÷)( ut] a;]sf] ;+rfns ;ldlt a}7s lg0f{o cg';f/ tklznsf] ldlt, ;do, / :yfgdf lgDg laifox? Dffly 5nkmn u/L lg0f{o lng o; ;+:yfsf] @^ cf}+ aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef tyf /ht dxf]T;j sfo{qmd x'g] ePsf]n] ;+:yfsf] ljlgod cg';f/ ;b:otf sfod /xg] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox?sf] clgafo{ pkl:ytLsf nflu xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5' .

5nkmnsf ljifox? M– -!_ cf=a= )&$÷)&% sf] ;lra aflif{s k|ult k|lta]bg kfl/t ug]{ ;DaGwdf .

-@_ cf=a=)&$÷)&% sf] n]vf kl/If0f k|lta]bg tyf sf]iffWoIfsf] aflif{s cfly{s k|lta]bg kfl/t ug]{ ;DaGwdf .

-#_ cf=a=)&$÷)&% b]lv cf=a=)&^÷)&& ;Ddsf] qLalif{o /0fg}lts tyf Aofa;flos of]hgf adf]lhd cf=j=)&%÷)&^ sf] cg'dflgt cfo Aoo ah]6 kfl/t ug]{ ;DaGwdf .

-$_ cf=a= )&$÷)&% sf] n]vf ;'kl/a]If0f ;ldltsf] aflif{s k|lta]bg kfl/t ug]{ ;DaGwdf .

-%_ cf=a= )&%÷)&^ sf] nflu n]vf kl/Ifs lgo'lQm tyf kfl/>lds tf]Sg] ;DaGwdf .

-^_ ;+rfns ;ldltsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ !*Ü z]o/ nfefz+ lat/0fnfO{ kfl/t ug]{ ;DaGwdf .

-&_ ljlgod ;+zf]wg / gLlt kfl/t ug]{ ;DaGwdf .

-*_ lgjf{rg sfo{qmd ;DaGwdf .

-(_ ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{o k'l:tsfdf x:tfIf/ ug{ z]o/ ;b:o k|ltlgwLx?sf] 5gf}6 ug]{ ;DaGwdf .

-!)_ lalaw . sfo{qmd ldlt M– @)&% ;fn cflZjg )^ ut] zlgaf/ ;do M– laxfg 7Ls !)M)) ah] :yfg M– ag]kf kf6L{ e]Go', ag]kf—*, do'/ rnlrq dlGb/ cuf8L a'4 /Tg dfgGw/ ;lrj

gf]6 M aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt x'g ;+:yfn] hf/L u/]sf] kl/ro kq, z]o/ k|df0f jf ;efdf pkl:yt x'g k7fPsf] kq clgafo{ lnP/ cfpg' kg]{5 . ;fwf/0f ;efdf z]o/ ;b:o g} clgafo{ ?kdf pkl:yt x'g'kg]{5 . k|ltlgwLnfO{ ;xefuL u/fO{g] 5}g . aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt x'g ;+:yfsf] sfof{noaf6 kqfrf/ eO{/x]sf] x'bfF kq k|fKt gx'g] ;b:ox?n] ;+:yfdf ;Dks{ ug{ x'g cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ .

lgaf{rg sfo{qmd

sf7df8f}+ lhNnf j8f g+= !! aa/dxn a:g] xfn sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf ;fljs gfl;s:yfg ;fFuf $÷s eO{ xfn ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f g+= !$ sf] ls=g++ (!$ If]qkmn #–#–!–# sf] hUuf >L s'ds'd xa{n O08li6«h k|f=ln= n] 3/ gS;fkf; ug{ j8fdf gS;f;lxt lgj]bg btf{ u/fO{ ;Flwof/sf] gfddf ;lGw ;k{g kg{]÷gkg{] ;DalGw !% lbg] ;"rgf 6fF; ul/Psf] ;h{ldg d'r'Nsf btf{ k"j{df ls=g+= !)!^ sf] u+ufs'df/L a:g]t, klZrddf ls=g+= #)!@, #)!! u+ufs'df/L a:g]t / d}of yfkf, blIf0f tkm{sf ls=g+= !)!% / pQ/df af6f] ePsf]df ;h{ldgsf] a]nf pkl:yt gb]lvPsf] tyf b:tvt gu/]sf]n] of] & lbg] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . o;df tkfO{ jf c? s;}nfO{ lk/ dsf{, ;lGw ;k{g kg{] ePdf of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] & lbgleq o; j8fdf lnlvt ph'/L ;lxt ;Dks{ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf . cGoyf lgodfg';f/ eO{ hfg] Joxf]/f ;d]t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 .

xflbs { awfO{

o; Snasf k|d'v ;Nnfxsf/ Pj+ w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf gu/k|d'v >L czf]s s'df/ Jof~h" >]i7 g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf] 5}7f}+ clwj]zgaf6 ul/dfdo cWoIf kbdf lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf]df pxfF nufot lgjf{lrt ;Dk"0f{ kbflwsf/Lx?df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub}{ sfo{sfn ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

cfsfz e}/j Sna kl/jf/ w'lnv]n, sfe|]

xflbs { awfO{

lg/h v8\sf OGrfh{

xflbs { awfO{

lxdfnog df]6/ Nof08 w'lnv]n

uf]ljGb e§/fO{ dxf;lrj

g]kfn c6f] df]afOn Pzf]l;P;g (NASA)

xflbs { awfO{

g]skfsf k|efjzfnL g]tf Pj+ w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf gu/k|d'v >L czf]s s'df/ Jof~h" >]i7 g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf] 5}7f}+ clwj]zgaf6 ul/dfdo cWoIf kbdf lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf]df pxfF nufot lgjf{lrt ;Dk"0f{ kbflwsf/Lx?df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub}{ sfo{sfn ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf gu/k|d'v >L czf]s s'df/ Jof~h" >]i7 g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf] 5}7f}+ clwj]zgaf6 ul/dfdo cWoIf kbdf lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf]df pxfF nufot lgjf{lrt ;Dk"0f{ kbflwsf/Lx?df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub}{ sfo{sfn ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

l;jL tfdfª

cd/gfy ouf]n

o'jf ;+3 g]kfn w'lnv]n gu/ sld6L kl/jf/, w'lnv]n, sfe|]

;~hLjgL sn]h kl/jf/

cWoIf Pj+

w'lnv]n, sfe|]af6

;fFw ;Flwof/sf] gfddf hf/L ul/Psf] ;"rgf ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)&%÷)%÷@!

sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf j8f g++=– !@ a:g] xl/k|;fb ;fksf]6fsf] gfddf btf{ sfod ePsf] ;fljs ;f/bf –* xfn w'=g=kf=– !@ sf] ls=g+= !)) sf] If]=km= )–^–!–# hUufdf 3/ gS;f kf; ug{ o; gu/kflnsfdf ldlt @)&$÷!)÷@% df gS;f ;lxt lgj]bg btf{ u/fO{ ldlt @)&$÷!)÷@% df ;+lwof/sf] gfddf ;lGw ;k{g kg]{÷gkg]{ ;DalGw !% lbg] ;'rgf 6fF; / ldlt @)&%÷)#÷!! df ;ft lbg] ;"rgf 6fF; ubf{ ;d]t klZrd tkm{sf wdf{gGb ;fksf]6fsf] d[To' ePsf] ;fy} kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:o ;d]t ;Dks{df gcfPsfn] xfn ;Dd ;Flwof/n] ;xL gu/]sf] b]lvPsf]n] of] @! lbg] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . o;df tkfO{nfO{ jf c? s;}nfO{ kL/ dsf{ ;lGw ;k{g kg]{ ePdf o; gu/kflnsf sfof{nodf @! lbg leq lnlvt ph'/L ;lxt ;Dks{ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf cGoyf lgodfg';f/ eOhfg] hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 .

cfjZostf bf];|f]k6s k|sflzt ldlt M @)&%÷%÷@!

o; ljBfnosf nflu b]xfoadf]lhdsf lzIfs cfjZos ePsf]n] OR5's of]Uotf k'u]sf pDd]bjf/x?af6 JolQmut ljj/0f / b'O{ k|lt kf;kf]6{ ;fOhsf] kmf]6f] ;fy} z}lIfs of]Uotf, rfl/lqs k|df0f–kq / gful/stfsf] k|df0f–kq k|ltlnkLx?, cWoog cg'dlt kqsf] k|ltlnlk / cg'ejsf] k|df0f–kqsf] k|ltlnkL ;lxt ;+nUg u/L b/vf:t cfJxfg ul/Psf] 5 . != kb M dflj lzIfs @= ;Vof M ! #= ljifo M lj1fg $= ;]jf M /fxt sf]6f %= pd]/ M @! jif{ pd]/ k'/f eO{ $) jif{ ggf3]sf] ^= Go"gtd zf}lIfs of]Uotf M ;DalGwt ljifodf Go"gtd l4tLo >]0fLdf :gfQsf]Q/ &== u|fxotf M cg'ejLnfO{ ljz]if u|fxotf lbO{g] 5 . *= b/vf:t lbg] clGtd ldlt M @)&% c;f]h # ut] a'waf/ ljBfno ;do;Dd (= k/LIffsf] lsl;d M lnlvt,cGtjf{tf{ / sIff lzIf0f !)= k/LIff b:t'/ M ?= !%))÷– !!= k/LIff / cGtjf{tf ldlt M ;Dks{ ldltsf] lbg hfgsf/L u/fOg] 5 . !@= ;Dks{ ldlt M @)&% c;f]h $ ut] ljxLaf/ lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf nflu ljbfsf lbg afx]s ljxfg !) ah] b]lv $ ah] ;Dd ljBfnodf jf df]jfOn g+= (*^)*$)!$! -ljJo; cWoIf_, (*$!!)%))( -k|c_ nfO{ ;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf k|wfgfWofks

a|Dxfo0fL dfWolds ljBfno d08g b]pk'/–^, u}x|Llj;f}gf, sfe]|knf~rf]s

cfjZostf bf];|f]k6s k|sflzt ldlt M @)&%÷%÷@!

w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf gu/k|d'v >L czf]s s'df/ Jof~h" >]i7 g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf] 5}7f}+ clwj]zgaf6 ul/dfdo cWoIf kbdf lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf]df pxfF nufot lgjf{lrt ;Dk"0f{ kbflwsf/Lx?df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub}{ sfo{sfn ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

;+of]hs cf]d sfhL k|hfklt lgaf{rg pk–;ldlt

w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf sfof{no

SofDk; k|d'v Pj+

w'lnv]n, sfe|]

o; ljBfnosf nflu b]xfoadf]lhdsf lzIfs cfjZos ePsf]n] OR5's of]Uotf k'u]sf pDd]bjf/x?af6 JolQmut ljj/0f / b'O{ k|lt kf;kf]6{ ;fOhsf] kmf]6f] ;fy} z}lIfs of]Uotf, rfl/lqs k|df0f–kq / gful/stfsf] k|df0f–kq k|ltlnkLx?, cWoog cg'dlt kqsf] k|ltlnlk / cg'ejsf] k|df0f–kqsf] k|ltlnkL ;lxt ;+nUg u/L b/vf:t cfJxfg ul/Psf] 5 . != kb M dflj lzIfs @= ;Vof M ! #= ljifo M cFu|]hL $= ;]jf M ;§f %= pd]/ M @! jif{ pd]/ k'/f eO{ $) jif{ ggf3]sf] ^= Go"gtd zf}lIfs of]Uotf M ;DalGwt ljifodf Go"gtd l4tLo >]0fLdf :gfQsf]Q/ &== u|fxotf M cg'ejLnfO{ ljz]if u|fxotf lbO{g] 5 . *= b/vf:t lbg] clGtd ldlt M @)&% c;f]h # ut] a'waf/ ljBfno ;do;Dd (= k/LIffsf] lsl;d M lnlvt,cGtjf{tf{ / sIff lzIf0f !)= k/LIff b:t'/ M ?= !%))÷– !!= k/LIff / cGtjf{tf ldlt M ;Dks{ ldltsf] lbg hfgsf/L u/fOg] 5 . !@= ;Dks{ ldlt M @)&% c;f]h $ ut] ljxLaf/ lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf nflu ljbfsf lbg afx]s ljxfg !) ah] b]lv $ ah] ;Dd ljBfnodf jf df]jfOn g+= (*$!$*@(*@ -ljJo; cWoIf_, (*$!%@&^$% -k|c_ nfO{ ;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf k|wfgfWofks

8]8Ly'Dsf dfWolds ljBfno d08g b]pk'/–(, sfe]|knf~rf]s

wg]Zj/L ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]kf *,sfe|s ] f]

shf{ r"Qmf ug{ cfpg] af/] #% lbg] ;"rgf o; ;+:yfjf6 tkl;ndf pNn]lvt C0fL ;b:on] ;dodf C0f r"Qmf gu/L kmf]g ;Dks{, AolQmut e]63f6 tyf lr¶L dfk{mt C0f r"Qmf ug{ tfs]tf ubf{ klg tkfO{ C0fL ;b:on] ;+:yf;Fu u/]sf zt{ ;Demf}tf pNn+3g u/L C0f r"Qmf ug{nfO c6]/ ug'e{ Psfn] ;+:yfn] klxnf] k6s :yflgo klqsfdf tkfO{sf] ltgk':t] ljj/0f ;lxt shf{ r'Qmfsf] nflu ;"rgf k|sflzt u/]sf] 5 . tkfO{n] #% lbg leq ;+:yfdf pkl:yt eO{ cfkm'n] ltg'{kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ ;fFjf Aofh e'QmfgL ug'{xf]nf . cGoyf ;xsf/L P]g @)&$ sf] bkmf &( sf] pkbkmf !, # bkmf *) sf] pkbkmf ! tyf *#, *$ cg';f/ sfnf] ;"rLdf /fvL C0f c;'nfL tyf sf/jf{xL k|s[of cjnDjg u/L C0f c;'nL u/Lg] Joxf]/f ;d]t cjut u/fO{G5 .

C0fLsf] ljj/0f C0fLsf] gfd M x[bo afb] a'afsf] gfd M b]js[i0f afb] Affh]sf] gfd M wd{nfn afb] gf=k|=k= g= M #&*!), sfe|]

C0fLsf] gfd Ms[i0fk|;fb ;fksf]6f a'afsf] gfd M /fdk|;fb ;fksf]6f Affh]sf] gfd M xl/k|;fb ;fksf]6f gf=k|=k= g= M &^^!), sfe|]

kmf]6f]

lwtf] pu|r08L gfnf j8f g+= !, sfe|] ls=g+= $^%, If]=km= #–!#–)–)

kfFrvfn g=kf= &, sfe|] ls=g+= @)*@ If]=km= )–!%–)–@

Gff]6 M– efvf gf3L ;Dks{df gcfPsf / cfp5' elg gcfpg] C0fL ;b:ox?sf] gfd tyf kmf]6f] qmdz klqsfdf k|sfzg ul/g] 5 . ;dod} ;+:yfdf ;Dks{ ug'x{ f]nf .

!@

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

jif{ @$ c+s $% @)&% ebf} @! ut] ljxLjf/

u}x| ljlQo ;DklQ lalqmsf nflu uf]Ko lznaGbL 6]08/ cfJxfg ;DaGwL ;"rgf

xflbs { awfO{

-k|yd k6s k|sflzt ldlt M–@)&% ;fn efb| @! ut] _

o; ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] ldlt @)&% ;fn efb| !( ut] a;]sf] a}7ssf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ;+:yfsf]] gfddf btf{ sfod ePsf] tklzn adf]lhdsf] hUuf h] h:tf] cj:yfdf 5 ;f]xL cj:yfdf uf]Ko lznjGbL af]nkq k|lqmof af6 ljqmL ul/g] ePsf]n] of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . OG5's JolQm ,kmd{ jf sDkgLaf6 lgDg lnlvt zt{x?sf] clwgdf /lx ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] & lbg leq ;+:yfn] pknAw u/fPsf] af]nkq kmf/fd e/L ;+:yfsf] s]lGb|o sfof{no kgf}tL g kf ^ sfe|]df uf]Ko lznaGbL af]nkq k]z ug{' x'g cfJxfg ul/G5 . tklzn

lznaGbL af]nkq ;DaGwL zt{ / aGb]hx? !_ uf]Ko lznaGbL af]nkqbftfn] cfkm"n] sj'n u/]sf] /sdsf] Joxf]/f s]/d]6 gu/L c+s / cIf/df :ki6 n]lvPsf] x'gkg]{ 5 . c+s / cIf/df saf]n c+s km/s kg{ uPdf cIf/ pNn]lvt /sdnfO{ dfGotf lbOg]5 . @_ af]nkqsf ;fy af]nkqbftfn] JolQm eP clgjfo{ ?kdf gful/stf k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnkL, ;+3 ;+:yf sDkgL ePdf clVtof/gfdf,;+~rfns ;ldltsf] lg0fo{sf] k|ltlnlk, btf{ k|df0f kqsf] k|ltlnlk , :yfoL n]vf g+ k|df0f kqsf] k|ltlnkL ;+nUg u/L k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . #_ lznjGbL af]nkq pNn]lvt sfuhft ;lxt cfjZos ljj/0f v'nfO{ nfxf5fk ;lxt lzn vfdaGbL u/L æHof]lt ldld{/] ;fd"lxs art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= sf] hUuf vl/b ;DaGwL uf]Ko lznaGbL af]nkqÆ pNn]v u/L af]nkqbftfsf] gfd ,7]ufgf ;Dks{ g+ :ki6 ?kdf pNn]v u/L k]z ug'{kg]{5 . $_ lznaGbL af]nkq kmf/d ;'rgf k|sfzg ePsf] ldltn] & cf}+ lbg sfof{no ;do leq lga]bg lbO{ lng ;lsg]5 . %_ lznaGbL af]nkq kmf/fd k]z ug]{ ;DaGwdf * cf}+ lbg lbgsf] !@ ah] leq ;+:yfsf] s]lGb|o sfof{nodf btf{ ul/;Sg' kg]{ 5 . ^_ lznaGbL af]nkq of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] * cf} lbg ;+:yfsf] s]lGb|o sfof{no kgf}tLdf lbgsf] @M)) jh] af]nkqbftf jf lghx?sf] k|ltlgwLx?sf] /f]xj/df vf]lng]5 . t/ af]nkqbftf jf lghx?sf] k|ltlgwLx? pkl:yt gePdf klg tf]lsPsf] ;dodf af]nkq vf]Ng jfwf x'g] 5}g . pQm lbg ;fa{hlgs ljbf kg{ uPdf ;f] sf] nuQ} sfof{no v'n]sf] lbg lznjGbL af]nkq vf]lng]5 . &_ lznaGbL af]nkq ;fy cfkm'n] saf]n u/]sf] c+ssf] % k|ltztn] x'g cfpg] /sd o; ;+:yfsf] ;]Gr'/L a}+s kgf}tL zfvfdf /x]sf] vftf g+ )$))$))))@$)& CA df hDdf ul/ ;f] sf] ;Ssn} ef}r/ af]nkq kmf/fd ;+u} /flv lznaGbL ul/ k]z ug'{kg]{ 5 . *_= Dofb gf3L tyf /Lt gk'uL ,Go'gtd d"No eGbf sd /sd tf]ls cfPsf] / zt{ ;lxtsf] af]nkq pk/ s'g} sf/jfxL ul/g] 5}g . (_ af]nkq :jLs[t ug]{ jf gug]{ k"0f{ clwsf/ o; ;+:yfdf lglxt x'g]5 !)_ af]nkq :jLs[t ePdf ;DalGwt JolQm ,kmd{ jf sDklgn] saf]n u/]sf] afFsL (% k|ltzt /sd & -;ft_ lbgleq hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 . cGoyf lghsf] w/f}6L jfktsf] /sd :jtMhkmt u/L :jLs[t af]nkq /4 u/L cGo k|lqmof canDag ul/g]5 . !!_ /sd hDdf eP kZrft tTsfn} hUuf kf; ;DaGwL k|lqmof c3L a9fO{g]5 . !@_ pQm ;DklQsf] /lhi6]zg kf; ubf{ nfUg] ;Dk"0f{ ;/sf/L b:t'/ cGo s/ tyf z'Ns ;DalGwt 6]08/jfnf JolQm jf kmd{ sDklg cfkm}n] ltg'{kg]{5 . !#_ ljqmL x'g] hUuf ;Fu ;DalGwt sfuhftx? x]g{ jf yk hfgsf/L lng rfxg' x'g] dxfg''efjx?n] ;+:yfsf] s]lGb|o sfof{no kgf}tL g kf ^ gdf]j'4 /f]8df sfof{no ;do leq ;Dks{ /fVg ;Sg' x'g]5 .

sfe|] pkTosf vfg]kfgL Aoj:yfkg jf]8{sf cWoIf Pj+ w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v >L czf]s s'df/ Aof~h'' >]i7 g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf] ul/dfdo cWoIf kbdf ;j{;Ddt lgjf{lrt x'g' ePsf]df v'zL JoQm ub}{ ;kmn sfo{sfnsf] nflu xflb{s z'esfdgf Pj+ awfO{ 1fkg ub{5f}+ .

sfe|] pkTosf vfg]kfgL Joj:yfkg jf]8{ tyf sfe|] pkTosf PsLs[t vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf, kl/jf/

xflbs { awfO{ tyf ze ' sfdgf

o; ljBfnosf ;+:yfks tyf w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf gu/k|d'v >L czf]s s'df/ Jof~h" >]i7 g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf] 5}7f}+ clwj]zgaf6 ul/dfdo cWoIf kbdf lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf]df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub}{ sfo{sfn ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

bof/fd dxt

k|tfk l;+ nfdf

l;jL tfdfª

ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt cWoIf

;+rfns ;ldlt cWoIf

lk|lG;kn

lxdfno OG6/g]zgn Ps]8]dL kl/jf/ w'lnv]n, sfe|]

!#

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

xflbs { awfO{

kfFrvfn gu/kflnsfsf gu/k|d'v >L dx]z v/]n g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf] 5}7f}+ clwj]zgaf6 s]Gb|Lo ;b:o kbdf lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf]df pxfF nufot lgjf{lrt ;Dk"0f{ kbflwsf/Lx?df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub}{ sfo{sfn ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

czf]s Jof~h" gu/ k|d'v Pj+

w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf kl/jf/ w'lnv]n, sfe|]

jif{ @$ c+s $% @)&% ebf} @! ut] ljxLjf/

!$

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

s]os " f /lhi6f/ ef]nf yfkfsf] /fhLgfdf l:js[t w'lnv]n÷sf7df8f} ljZj ljBfno -s]o_" sf /lhi6f/ 8f= ef]nf yfkfn] /fhLgfdf k|wfgdGqL s]kL cf]nLn] l:js[t u/]sf 5g\ . s' n klt ;d] t /x] s f k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] /flhgfdf l:js[t u/]kl5 gofF /h:6f/sf] vf]hL ePsf] 5 . l8gx? dWo]af6 /lh:6f/sf] lgo'Qm ug{] ls P]g z+zf]wg u/]/ aflx/af6 Nofpg] 5nkmn eO{/x]sf] 5 . ljZjljBfnosf] sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\ a}7sdf pks'nklt k|f=8f=/fds07 dfsh' / /lhi6f/ yfkf aLr egfeg eP kl5 /lhi6f/ yfkfn] tTsfn} kbaf6 /flhgfdf lbP/ aflxl/Psf lyP . sfg"g ;+sfosf 8Lg 8f=ljlkg clwsf/Lsf] k|f]km];/df a9'jf ug]{ laifo /lhi6f/=yfkfn] cl3 ;f/]sf lyP . pks'nklt dfsh'n] k|s[of k'/f e} g;s]sf] eg] nuQ} egfegsf] l:ylt ;[hgf ePsf] ;|f]tn] hgfPsf] 5 . a}7sdf egfegsf] l:ylt a9\b} uPkl5 /lhi6f/n] pks'nkltsf] of]hgf cg'?k sfd gu/]sf] nufotsf cf5]kx? nufpg] sfd eP eg] /lhi6f/n] klg cfkm'n] cl3 ;f/]sf k|:tfj :jLs[tL gug]{ eP cem} klg sfd x'bF g} eg] nuQ} pks'nklt 8f= dfsh"n] /lhi6f/ yfkfnfO{

of]hgf cg'?k sfd ug{ g;Sg] eP /fhLgfdf lbg'; eg] nuQ} 8f= yfkf /flhgfdf lbP/ a}7saf6 aflxl/Psf lyP . s]od" f bf];f| ] sfo{sfnsf nflu Ps aif{ cl3 pks'nkltdf 8f= dfsh" lgo'Qm eo otf pks'nklt / /lhi6f/sf aLr Pscfk;df sfdsf] tfnd]n gldn]sf] u'gf;f] cfO{/x]sf] ;|ft] n] hgfPsf] 5 . 8f=yfkfn] lbPsf] /fhLgdf :jLs[ltsf nflu k|s[ofdf cl3 a9fpgsf nflu ljlxjf/ s'nklt tyf k|wfgdGq ;dIf k'uL ;s]sf] 5 . 8f= yfkfn] /fhLgfdf lbP nuQ} sf7df8f} ljZjljBfno sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\df /x]sf ;a} kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ cfkm' /lhi6f/ /x'Gh]n ;xof]u k'/o\ fpg' ePsf]df wGojfb lbFb} Od]n k7fPsf 5g\ . ljutdf pks'nklt 8f=dfsh'n] g} 8f= yfkfnfO{ /lhi6f/sf nflu ;/sf/ ;dIf l;kmfl/; u/]sf lyP . lzIfs a9'jf, tna eQf a[l4, laBfyL{ egf{df sdL cfpg' ljZj ljBfnosf] nflu lgs} 7"nf] r'gf}ltsf] laifo ePsf] eGb} lzIfsx?n] s8f ?kdf k|:t't eP nuQ} pks'nklt dfsh"n] cfkm'nfO{ /lhi6f/n] cfkm\gf] of]hgf cg'?k c;xof]u u/]s} sf/0f o:tf] cj:yfsf] ;[hgf ePsfn] c;xof]u ug]{ eP /fhLgfdf lbg' plrt x'g] wf/0ff cl3 ;f/]sf lyP .

jif{ @$ c+s $% @)&% ebf} @! ut] ljxLjf/

k~thnLsf ljljw sfo{qmd ag]kf÷kt~hnL of]u ;ldltsf] ljleGg ;+u7gsf] kb:yfkg sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . kt~hnL of]u ;ldlt sfe|] o'jf g]kfn, lhNnf l:yt ;+u7gx? / gu/ l:yt ;+u7gx?sf] kb:yfkg ePsf] xf] . lhNnf ;ldltdf bdg s'df/ >]i7sf] cWoIftfdf ;ldlt k'gu{ 7g ePsf] 5 eg] o'jf g]kfn lhNnf ;ldltdf /d]z >]i7sf] cWoIftfdf ;ldlt u7g ePsf] 5 .

To:t} dlxnf ;ldltdf c~hgf >]i7sf] cWoIftfdf ;ldlt u7g ePsf] 5 . ag]kf gu/ ;ldltdf sdnf /fhe08f/Lsf] cWoIftfdf ;ldlt u7g ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf k|dv ' cltyL k|bz ] gDj/ # sf cWoIf u|j' g] tf}hn] /x]sf lyP eg] ljz]if cltyL k|bz ] # sf dxfdGqL bnaxfb'/

yfkf, k|bz ] ;b:o ;l/tf zfSo nufotsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ;f]lx cj;/df #% lbg] ;xof]u k|lzIfs tflnddf ;xeflu eO{ plt{0f ePsf %* hgf gofF ;xof]u k|lzIfsx?nfO{ k|df0fkq ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;xof]u lzIfs tflnddf ljleGg ljBfdf pTs[i6 ePsf lzIfsx?nfO{ k|df0fkq ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . ;~rf/ k|ef/Ldf /fhg clwsf/LnfO{ lgo'lQm ul/Psf] 5 . ;efklt bdgs'df/ >]i7 cWoIf, ;~rfns k|sfz sfoZy, :jfut dGtAo sdnf/fh e08f/L, /d]z >]i7, bnaxfb'/ yfkf / u|j' g] tf}hn] nufotsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ;xeflux?n] b]ze/ / k|bz ] gDj/ # nfO{ of]udo agfpg] 3f]if0ff u/]sf lyP .

sfe|] o'jf d~rsf] pBdlzntf ;DjGwL tflnd ag]kf÷sfe|] o'jf d~rsf] cfof]hgfdf o'jf pBdlzntf ljsf; tflnd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . k|lzIfs r'8fd0fL e§/fO{n] k|lzIf0f lbg' ePsf] pQm tflnddf %) eGbf w]/} o'jfx? ;xeflu lyP . sfe|] pBf]u afl0fHo ;+3sf] sfe|] o'jf d~rn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] tflnd

l;4fy{ ax'dv ' L ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kgf}tL ^

sfo{qmddf lj1fg wf}uf]8fsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf sfe|] pBf]u afl0fHo ;+3sf cWoIf k|sfz dfgGw/, pkfWoIf /fh]Gb| k;FIf], dxf;lrj s}nfz kfn~rf]s,] sf]iffWoIf u|j' g] tf}hn] nufotsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ljleGg pBdL Aoj;foLx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

;f“ufdf z'? eof] k|f·fl/s v]lt cleofg gfl;sf;fuFf÷jftfj/0f ;/+If0f tyf sl[if cleofg gk]fnn] lhNnfsf] agk]f gu/kflnsf l:yt gfl;sf;fuFfdf kf|Ëfl/s hLjgzn}L kr|f/ k;|f/ cleofg z?' u/s ] f] 5. & jif{ b]lv afFemf] /x]sf] !) /f]kgL hldg lnP/ k|fËfl/s v]lt ul/Psf] ;+:yfsf cWoIf sNkgf ltlD;gfn] atfO{g\ . cleofgsf] k|bz ] ;ef ;f+;b /fh]Gb|k;| fb vgfnn] pb\3f6g u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf af]Nb} ;f+;b vgfnn] e|i6frf/sf] hfnf] b]ze/ km}lnPsfn] hfnf] eTsfpg b]ze/ To;sf] ;+hfn km}nfpg vf]lhPsf] atfP . k|fËfl/s cleofg b]ze/ km}nfpg ;a} If]q / au{sf AolQmx?n] 3/ 3/af6 z'? ug{' kg{] atfpFb} vgfnn] g]kfnsf ;/sf/L lgsfosf] l;:;6df v/fj ePsfn] To;nfO{ ;Rofpg nfUg' kg{] atfP . o'jf tyf ;fgf Aoj;foL :j/f]huf/ sf]ifsf lgb{z ] s 8f= lji0f'k|;fb uf}tdn] ;/sf/n] jif{e/Ldf % nfv o'jfx?nfO{ :j/f]huf/ agfpg] nIo lnPsf]df ! nfv o'jfx?nfO{ sf]ifsf] tkm{af6 /f]huf/ agfpg] cleofg z'?

ePsf] atfP . !* b]lv %) jif{ pd]/ ;d'xsf ;a} vfnsf a]/f]huf/ AolQmx?nfO{ /f]huf/ agfpg sf]ifsf] tkm{af6 @ nfv ?k}of C0f pknAw u/fpg], afnLsf] ljdf ul/lbg], ;dod} C0fsf] Aofh a'emfpg]nfO{ ^) k|ltzt Aofh k'gM lkmtf{ ul/lbg] tyf /fd|f] sfd x'bF } uPkl5 cGo vfnsf] ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] atfP . k|fËfl/s v]ltdf sf]ifsf] tkm{af6 ;xof]u k'Ug] 8f= lji0f' k|;fb uf}tdn] atfP . sfo{qmddf l;l6O{eLl6sf pk lgb{ ] z s hos[ i 0f kf} 8 \ o fnn] l;l6O{eL6Lsf] :yfkgf g} /f]huf/df s]lGb|t ePsfn] o:tf sfo{qmddf k|fljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] atfP . sfo{qmddf k|fËfl/s v]lt cleofgsf k|]d nfdf, ;+:yfsf sf]iffWoIf a'g' l;Njfn hf]zL nufotn] k|fËfufl/s cleofgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] atfPsf lyP . ;fFufdf z'? ePsf] k|fËfl/s v]ltsf nflu ;d'x u7g ePsf] 5 . ;d'x dfkm{t v]lt ubf{ k|fËfl/s pTkfbgsf nflu h}ljs a:t'x? k|of]u ug{] / vfgkfg tyf hLjgz}nL g} kl/jt{g ug{] u/L cleofgsf ?kdf z'? ul/Psf] cWoIf ltlD;gfn] atfO{g\ .

sfe|s ] f]

@@ cf}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef tyf cf7f}+ clwj]zgdf ;DaGwL ;"rgf k|:t't ljifodf o; ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf]] ldlt @)&% ;fn >fj0f @% ut] a;]sf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{o cg';' f/ ;+:yfsf] @@ cf}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef tyf cf7f}+ clwj]zg tklzndf pNn]lvt ldlt, ;do / :yfgdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf ljifox? dfly 5nkmn u/L lg0f{osf ;fy ;DkGg ug'k{ g]{ ePsfn] pQm sfo{qmddf oxfFsf] clgjfo{ pkl:yltsf nflu xflb{s cg'/f]w ul/G5 . sfo{qmd M ldlt M– @)&% ;fn cflZjg ^ ut], zlgjf/ ;do M– ljxfg 7Ls )&M#) ah] :yfg M– tfd|fsf/ kf6L{ Kofn];, kgf}tL–$, sfe|]

5nkmnsf ljifox?M !_ cf=j=)&$÷&% sf] ;+:yfsf] k|ult k|ltj]bg ;DjGwdf . @_ n]vf tyf ;''k/Lj]If0f ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg ;DaGwdf . #_ cf=j=)&%÷)&^ sf] cg'dflgt cfo Joo ;DjGwdf . $_ cf=j=)&$÷&% sf] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg kfl/t ;DaGwdf . %_ ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{o k'l:tsfdf b:tvt ug{ k|ltlglwx? 5gf}6 ;DaGwdf . ^_ PsLs[t nfef+z ;DaGwdf . &_ cf=j=)&%÷&^ sf] n]vf k/LIfs lgo'lQm / kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f ;DaGwdf . *_ lgodfjnL ;+zf]wg ;Dagwdf . (_ ;~rfns ;ldltn] ut cf=j=df u/]sf lg0f{ox? cg'df]bg ;DaGwdf . !)_ lgjf{rg ;DaGwdf . !!_ ljljw ;DaGwdf . k'gZr M s_ @)&$ ;fnsf] P;=O=O= k/LIffdf pTs[i6 glthf Nofpg ;kmn ePsf z]o/ ;b:ox?sf 5f]/f÷5f]/L dWo] ;fd'b' flos tyf ;+:yfut ljBfno tkm{sf 5fq÷5fqf !÷! hgfnfO{ l;4fy{ pTs[i6 z}lIfs k'/:sf/ k|bfg ul/g] ePsfn] P;=O=O=pQL0f{ u/]sf] nAwfÍ–kq tyf rfl/lqs k|df0f kqsf] k|ltlnlk @)&%÷)^÷)@ ut] leq sfof{nodf pknAw u/fO{ ;Sg'xg' cg'/f]w ul/G5 . v_ ;b:ox?af6 s'g} k|:tfj /fVg'kg]{ ePdf oxL ldlt @)&% efb| #) ut] cfOtaf/;Dd sfof{no ;do leq lnlvt ?kdf btf{ u/fO{ ;Sg'kg]5 { . u_ ;fwf/0f ;efdf :jod\ pkl:yt x'g] ;b:ox?nfO{ kl/jxg vr{ :j?k hgxL ?=%)).– -cIf/]kL kfFr ;o ?k}o+ f dfq_ pknAw u/fO{g5 ] . ;fy} ;b:osf Psf3/sf k|ltlglwnfO{ kl/jxg vr{ pknAw u/fO{g5 ] g} . ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt x'g kl/ro kq jf kf; a's jf z]o/ k|df0f kq clgjfo{ ul/Psf] 5 . lgjf{rg sfo{tflnsf

ljb'/k|;fb l3ld/] cWoIf

o; ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns tyf n]vf ;ldltdf pDd]bjf/L lbg OR5's z]o/wgL dxfg'efjx?n] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] zt{ aGb]hsf] k"0f{ kfngf ug'{ clgjfo{ x'g]5 . zt{ tyf aGb]hx? != pDd]bjf/ x'g rfxg] ;b:on] ;+:yfsf] lgjf{rg lgb]{lzsf–@)%& sf] cg';"rL $ cg';f/sf] 9fFrfdf pDd]bjf/L kq lgjf{rg ;ldltdf btf{ u/fpg'kg]{5 . @= pDd]bjf/ x'g rfxg] JolQmsf] pDd]bjf/L kqdf clgjfo{ ?kdf Ps Ps hgf k|:tfjs / ;dy{sn] b:tvt u/]sf] x'g'kg]{5 . #= Ps hgf pDd]bjf/sf] k|:tfjs jf ;dy{s /x]sf] JolQmn] cGo pDd]bf/sf] k|:tfjs jf ;dy{s x'g kfpg] 5}g . $= s'g} klg pDd]bfj/n] lgjf{rg ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] b/vf:t b:t'/ /sd tf]lsPsf] ;dodf pDd]bjf/L lkmtf{ lnPsf] cj:yf afx]s h'g ;'s} cj:yfdf klg lkmtf{ x'g] 5}g . %= s'g} klg ;b:on] Ps eGbf a9L kbsf] nflu pDd]bjf/ x'g kfpg] 5}g . ;fy} ;+rfns ;ldlt nufot s'g}klg ;ldlt / pk–;ldltsf] s'g} kbsf] lgjf{rgdf ;+:yfnfO{ ltg{ a'emfpg kg]{ j]?h', efvf gf3]sf] C0f jf cGo k|sf/sf] /sd ltg{ afFsL /x]sf] JolQm pDd]bjf/ x'g ;Sg] 5}g . ^= pDd]bjf/L lbg rfxg] ;b:on] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] /sd w/f}6L :j?k ;+:yfdf hDdf u/]sf] gubL /l;bsf] ;Ssn k|lt k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

&= lgjf{rg ;DjGwL ;Dk"0f{ ljifodf lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ lgjf{rg ;ldltdf lglxt x'g]5 .

lgjf{rg ;ldlt

l;4fy{ ax'd'vL ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kgf}tL g+=kf=j8f g+= ^, sfe|]knf~rf]s

;fwf/0f ;ef x'g] ;DaGwL ;"rgf

!%

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

jif{ @$ c+s $% @)&% ebf} @! ut] ljxLjf/

xflb{s awfO{ tyf z'esfdgf OG6/g]zgn nfoG; Sna #@% A2 cGtu{t nfoG; Sna ckm sfe|] ag]kfsf] @)!*÷!( sf] nflu cWoIf h:tf] ul/dfdo kbdf xfd|f cfTdLo ldq

ej;fu/ /l~htsf/

lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf]df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub{} sfo{sfn k"0f{ ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

;'/]Gb| ;'4sf/ lbk]Gb| >]i7 cd/l;+ rf}w/L ljsf; sdf{rfo{

lgd{n pns /fds[i0f k|wfg uf]s'n k|hfklt /fdljnf; zfSo gj/fh du/

s[i0f pns hos[i0f /+lht ;'jf; >]i7 tLy{ >]i7

xflb{s awfO{ tyf z'esfdgf lhNnfd} pTs[i6 glthfsf ;fy o; SofDk;af6 Joj:yfkg ;ª\sfo :gfts tx rf}Fyf] jif{sf] lq=lj=jf]8{ k/LIffdf ;xefuL eO{ pQL0f{ x'g ;kmn ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ xflb{s jwfO{ 1fkg ub}{ pQ/f]Q/ k|ultsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}F .

clgzf >]i7

c~hgf sfsL{

/fh]z tfdfª

lbkf nfld5fg]

;+uLtf yfkf

dlgiff cfrfo{

;/:jtL l3ld/]

kfj{tL bfxfn

zld{nf cfrfo{

k|ljg dfgGw/

;f]gL v'Kkf >]i7

/ljGb| a:g]t

;'lgtf uf]n]

/fhg ltdlN;gf

pQd v8\sf

SofDk; k|d'v tyf

lkkN; k|fOd ax'd'vL SofDk; kl/jf/ ag]kf–&, sfe|]knf~rf]s, kmf]g g+= )!!–^^)&%&

!^

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jif{ @$ c+s $% @)&% ebf} @! ut] ljxLjf/

xflbs { awfO{ g]skfsf g]tf Pj+ w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf gu/k|d'v >L czf]s s'df/ Jof~h" >]i7 g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf] 5}7f}+ clwj]zgaf6 ul/dfdo cWoIf kbdf lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf]df pxfF nufot lgjf{lrt ;Dk"0f{ kbflwsf/Lx?df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub}{ sfo{sfn ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

g]skf w'lnv]n gu/ sld6L kl/jf/ w'lnv]n, sfe|]

xflbs { awfO{ tyf ze ' sfdgf

dx]z v/]n

czf]s s'df/ Jof~h" >]i7

w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf gu/k|d'v >L czf]s s'df/ Jof~h" >]i7 g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf] 5}7f}+ clwj]zgaf6 ul/dfdo cWoIf kbdf tyf kfFrvfn gu/kflnsfsf gu/k|d'v >L dx]z v/]n s]Gb|Lo ;b:odf lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf]df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub}{ sfo{sfn ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

/f]zgs'df/ >]i7 cWoIf tyf

g]kfn n]vfk9L sfg"g Joj;foL Pzf]l;P;g kl/jf/, sfe|] w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no w'lnv]n, sfe|] lznaGbL b/efpkq cfXjfgsf] ;"rgf k|yd k6s k|sflzt ldlt M @)&%.%.@!

o; sfof{noaf6 gu/kflnsf leqsf sfnf]kq] ul/Psf ;8sx?df vfg]kfgLsf] kfO{k la5\ofpbf sf6]sf] ;8ssf] Koflr+u ug]{ sfo{ 7]Ssfaf6 u/fpg' kg]{ ePsf]n] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 Ohfhtkq k|fKt lgdf{0f Aoa;foLx?af6 lgDg zt{x?sf clwgdf lznaGbL tyf O{–lal8ª b/ efp kq cfJxfg ul/Psf] 5 . != lznjGbL b/efpkq o; sfof{noaf6 ?= !))) -cIf]?kL Ps xhf/ ?k}+of_ dfq b:t'/ -kl5 lkmtf{ gx'g]_ lt/L of] ;"rgf k|yd k6s k|sflzt ldltn] !% lbg leq sfof{no ;doleq /Ltk"j{ssf] lgj]bg ;lxt rfn' cf=j=sf] nflu gljs/0f ePsf] Ohfhtkq,:yfoL n]vf btf{ k|df0fkq / d"No clea[l4s/ btf{ k|df0fkq, ut cf=j=;Ddsf] s/ ljj/0f a'emfPsf] jf s/ r'Stf k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk k]z u/L vl/b ug{ ;lsg]5 . O{–lal8+u ug]{x?n] 7]Ssf sfuhft vl/bsf] nflu g=kf= sf] /fli6«o afl0fHo a}+sdf /x]sf] cfGtl/s cfo vftf g= !)$)#)$)#*#)@ df gub hDdf ul/ ;f] sf] ef}r/ k]z ug{' kg]{ 5 . cf= j= sf] ;'?jftL r/0f ePsf]n] gjLs/0f / s/ r'Qmf ;DaGwdf ut cf=j= sf k|df0f kqx? tyf sfg'g adf]lhdsf sfuhft cfjZos kg]{ 5 . @= vl/b ul/Psf] b/efpkq /Ltk"j{s e/L of] ;"rgf k|yd k6s k|sflzt ldltn] !^ cf}+ lbg lbgsf] !@=)) ah]leq sfof{nosf] gfddf ;Daf]wg u/L 7]Ssf g+= sfdsf] ljj/0f, b/efpkq bftfsf] gfd / 7]ufgf :ki6 v'nfO{ ;lx5fk / kmd{sf] 5fk nufO{ lznaGbL nfxf5fk u/L o; sfof{nodf btf{ u/fpg' kg]5 { . #= tf]lsPsf] zt{ cg';f/ / ;doleq btf{ x'g cfPsf af]nkqx? !^ cf}+ lbgsf] @=)) ah] b/efpkq jf lghsf] k|ltlglw / sfof{no k|ltlglwx?sf] /f]xa/df o; sfof{nodf vf]lng] 5 . b/efpkqbftf jf k|ltlglwx? pkl:yt geP klg lznaGbL b/efpkqx? vf]Ng] sfd /f]lsg] 5}g . $= Bid Security afktsf] hdfgt /sd, gub} hDdf ug{ w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] gfddf, /fli6«o afl0fHo a}s + , w'lnv]n zfvfsf] w/f}6L vftf g= !)$)#)#))&!)@ df tyf o; sfof{nosf] gfddf hf/L u/LPsf] &% lbgsf] dfGo cjlw /x]s f] a}s + hdfgt afktsf] Bid Security b]xfo adf]lhdsf] Bid /sd ;lxt k]z ug'{ kg]{ 5 . %= o; b/efpkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf k|flalws kIfsf] d'NofFsgsf s'g} klg cfwf/x? lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] tyf Pre-bid Meeting sf] Aoa:yf ul/Psf] 5}g . ^= cs + / cIf/df km/s k/d]f cIf/nfO{ dfGotf lbOg] 5 / kz ] ePsf] b/efpkq pk/sf] sf/afxL gu/kflnsfsf] lg0fo{ cg;'f/ xg'5] . &= b/efpkq vl/b, btf{ / vf]Ng] clGtd lbg ;fj{hlgs labf k/]df To;sf] nut} sfof{no v'n]sf] lbg nfO{ clGtd lbg dflgg] 5 . *= sfof{nosf] lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /flv b/efpkq cf+lzs jf k"0f{ l:js[t ug]{ jf gug]{ ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ o; sfof{nodf ;'/lIft /xg] 5 . (= o;df pNn]lvt afx]s cGo ljifodf k|rlnt cfly{s lgod tyf b/efpkq kmf/ddf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 . !)= b/efpkqsf] Bid Validity Period $% lbgsf] x'g5 ] .

k|dv ' k|zf;sLo clws[t

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jif{ @$ c+s $% @)&% ebf} @! ut] ljxLjf/

xflbs { awfO{ tyf ze ' sfdgf

w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf gu/k|d'v >L czf]s s'df/ Jof~h" >]i7 g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf] 5}7f}+ clwj]zgaf6 ul/dfdo cWoIf kbdf lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf]df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub}{ sfo{sfn ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

j8f g+= ! /d]z 3f]/;fOg] M cWoIf s'df/L tfdfª M j8f ;b:o sfG5L ;fsL{ M j8f ;b:o rGb|axfb'/ tfdfª M j8f ;b:o l6sfk|;fb 3f]/;fOg] M j8f ;b:o dx]Gb| /fpt M j8f ;lrj

j8f g+= $ /ljGb| sdf{rfo{M cWoIf

;'gf d+u|flt M j8f ;b:o ;hgf kl/of/ M j8f ;b:o pQdk|;fb ltdlN;gf M j8f ;b:o k|]daxfb'/ sfsL{M j8f ;b:o k'ik/fh sf]O/fnf M j8f ;lrj

j8f g+= & /f]ldk|;fb Jof~h"M cWoIf

lg?s'df/L e08f/L M j8f ;b:o cldt vf]+h" M j8f ;b:o dlgifnfn >]i7 M j8f ;b:o w'j{k|;fb k/fh'nL M j8f ;lrj

j8f g+= !) k'ik/fh /fptM cWoIf

kDkmf a'9fyf]sL M j8f ;b:o ljdnf lj=s= M j8f ;b:o OGb|s'df/L tfdfª M j8f ;b:o b]jf/fh zfx M j8f ;b:o O{Zj/ k|= ;fksf]6f j8f ;lrj

j8f g+= @ ch{'g Gof}kfg] M sf=jf cWoIf

l6sfaNwj ;fksf]6f M j8f ;b:o u+uf lj=s=M j8f ;b:o /l;nf tfdfª M j8f ;b:o ;'lgtf zdf{ M j8f ;lrj

j8f g+= % u+uf;fu/ /+lhtsf/M cWoIf

k|df]b;'Gb/ >]i7M j8f ;b:o e'jg >]i7 M j8f ;b:o ;hgf v8\uL M j8f ;b:o l;tf lj=s= M j8f ;b:o lnnf >]i7 M j8f ;lrj

j8f g+= # ljgf]b k/fh'nL M cWoIf

u0f]z cfrfo{ M j8f ;b:o l/tf a/fO{nLM j8f ;b:o lx/faxfb'/ tfdfª M j8f ;b:o ;~h' tfdfª M j8f ;b:o u+ufb]jL /fodfemL M j8f ;lrj

j8f g+= ^ ;+ho sf]+h"M cWoIf

cfgGb;fu/ ouf]nM j8f ;b:o dw';'bg wfnf+5] M j8f ;b:o /f]hgf >]i7 M j8f ;b:o k|sfz yfkf M j8f ;lrj

j8f g+= *

j8f g+= (

lg/fhg h+udM cWoIf

j;Gt /fgef6M cWoIf

ljdnf ldhf/M j8f ;b:o lutf tfdfª M j8f ;b:o r]taxfb'/ vqL M j8f ;b:o k|sfz tfdfª M j8f ;b:o p4jk|;fb x'dfufO{ M j8f ;lrj

j8f g+= !! lji0f' lwtfnM cWoIf

ho a= tfdfªM j8f ;b:o nf]s a= uf]tfd] M j8f ;b:o uLtf ;'gf/ M j8f ;b:o hd'gfb]jL nfdf tfdfª j8f ;b:o ;'j0f{bf; >]i7M j8f ;lrj

cGh' ;'Gbf;M j8f ;b:o pk]Gb|axfb'/ x'dfufO{ M j8f ;b:o led] ;fsL{M j8f ;b:o ;l/tf x'dfufO{ M j8f ;b:o lutfgfy lwtfn M j8f ;lrj

j8f g+= !@ xs{ a= tfdfª M cWoIf

k|lj0f ;fksf]6f M j8f ;b:o df]xgk|;fb nfld5fg] M j8f ;b:o ljef /Dt]nM j8f ;b:o ;+uLtf >]i7 M j8f ;b:o uf]ljGbk|;fb ;fksf]6fM j8f ;lrj

!*

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

nfsf]h'sf] ‘d]/f] 3fd’ !* s[lt ;fj{hlgs sfen]|L slj tyf ;r + f/sdL{ ;o'k{;|fb nfsfh]4'f/f lnlvt d/]f] 3fd sljtf ;u+x| ;fjh{lgs ePsf] 5 . sfe]| ;j]f ;dfhn] sf7df08fd}f cfofh]gf u/s ] f] ;Ddfg tyf ljdfr ] g sfoq{mddf slj nfsfh]s ' f] sljtf ;u+x| ;fjh{lgs ul/Psf] xf] . g]kfn ;+uLt tyf gf6\o k|lti7fgsf s'nklt ;?eQm >]i7n] d]/f] 3fd ;fj{hlgs ub{} sfe|]nL4o /fli6«o ;t{stf{ s]Gb|sf ;lrj lji0f' cf]d jfb] >]i7 / ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf /lhi6«f/ dx]Gb|gfy pkfWofo, slj ;"o{ nfsf]h"nfO{ ;Ddfg u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf ;flxTosf/x? 8f= t'n;L e§/fO{, s'df/ sf]O/fnf, 8f= gj/fh nD;fn, 1fg' clwsf/L, df]xg b'jfn ;"o{ nfsf]h" nufotn] ;flxTo If]qsf] af/]df rrf{ u/]sf lyP . slj nfsf]h"sf] of] !* cf}+ s[lt xf] . kqsfl/tf / lzIf0f;lxt ;flxTodf ;d]t ;s[o nfsf]h"n] lgoldt ?kdf ;flxlTos klqsf cIf/dfu{ klg k| s fzg ub} { cfPsf 5g\ . df]km;ndf /x]/ g]kfnL efiff / ;flxTosf] ;]jf ub}{ cfPsf nfsf]h"sf efjgfsf km"nx¿, km"nx¿sf] d]nf, zfZjt :j/x¿ u/L tLgj6f d'Sts;ª\u|x, u'/fF; km'Ng]

lgi6df ljcfOP{d / ljl;P ;+sfo z'? ag]kf÷ g]kfnd} pTs[i6 ;+:yf lgi6 kmfp08]zgn] ag]kfdf lqe'jg ljZjljBfnoaf6 ;DaGwg lnO{ o; jif{ af6 ljcfOP{d / ljl;P ;+sfo ;~rfng ug{ nfu]sf] 5 . lgi6 sn]hsf lk|lG;kn r]tg lji6sf cg';f/ sn]hn] kfFr jif{ b]vL laP;LO{, ;LP;cfOP6L ;+rfng u/L/x]sf] To;kl5 ljP;L hg/n / of] jif{ af6 ljcfOP{d / ljl;P ;~rfng ug{ nfuLPsf] jtfPsf 5g\ . lhNnfd} klxnf] k6s o; ljifosf k9fO{ xg'nfu]sfn] sf7df8f} ;Dd

dg / cIf/sf :j/x¿ u/L b'O{j6f xfOs';ª\u|x, kgf}tL, kgf}tLsf] afx|jif]{ ds/d]nf, s]xL sfe|]nL cIf/sdL{, :d[ltsf cfn]vx¿, k|]/0ffsf] rf}tf/L u/L kfFrj6f lgaGwfTds s[ltx¿, ;';]nL gfds Pp6f uLt;ª\u|x, sf]lknf / 3fd pbfof] u/L b'O{j6f afnsljtf;ª\u|xx¿ k|sflzt 5g\ .

To;}u/L :kz{, d]/f] dg d]/f] dLt, 3fdsf] r'Djg, d]/f] 3fd u/L rf/j6f sljtf;ª\ux| x¿ klg k|sflzt 5g\ .

k;n ljqmLdf ag]kfsf] rf/bf]af6f] u0f]z:yfg rf]s glhs} /x]sf] a|f08]8 lkmS; k|fO; k;n ljz]if sf/0f jz ljqmL ug{'kg{] ePsf] x'Fbf OR5's JolQmx?n] t"–;Dks{ ug{'x'g cg'/f]w ul/G5 .

;Dks{ df]=g+= (*%!)!!%*&

xflb{s lgdGq0ff

lgdf{0f Joj;foL ;+3 sfe|]sf] gjf}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef Pj+ 5}7f}+ clwj]zg k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o dfggLo >L u+ufaxfb'/ bf]ª -adWjh_ sf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf x'g uO/x]sf]n] ;Dk"0f{df pkl:yltsf] nflu xflb{s cg'/f]w ul/G5 . sfo{qmd ldlt M @)&% efb| @@ / @# ut] ;do M ljxfg ( ah] :yfg M z}lIfs tflnd s]Gb|, w'lnv]n

hfg] ljBfly{x?sf] afWotfnfO{ lgi6 sn]hn] x6fPsf] 5 . sIff !! / !@ df h'g;'s} ljifo lnP/ cWog u/]sf ljBfyLx?n] klg o; ljifo cWoog ug{] cj;/ kfpg]5g\ . of] ljifo ljBfly{xsf] dfu, /f]hfO{ ePsf]n] Aoa:yfkg / cfO{6L ePsf]n] clxn]sf] kl/j]z cg';f/sf] lzIffsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ klg lo ljifox? sf dfu a9]sf] lk|lGkn r]tg lji6n] atfP . lhNnfd} klxnf] kN6 ;~rfng ug{ nfuLPsfn] ljWffyL{x?nfO{ Ps k6s ljBfnodf cfO{ ;f] ;+sfodf af/] a'emg cfu|x u/]sf 5g\ .

lx+;f lj?4 hfUof] gdf]a4'

gdf]a4' ÷gdf]a4' gu/kflnsfn] tLhsf] cj;/ kf/]/ dlxnf lx+;f lj?4sf nflu cGt{lqmof sfo{qmd k|dv ' lhNnf clwsf/L s[i0faxfb'/ /fptsf] k|dv ' cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . gu/ k|dv ' l6kL zdf{ ltdlN;gfsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt sfe|s ] f pkk|dv ' d~h' uf}td, k|x/L k|dv ' P;kL /lj/fh v8\sf, gu/ pkk|dv ' /fdb]jL tfdfª, k|dv ' k|zf;lso clws[t s'df/k|;fb sf]O/{ fnf, dfgjclwsf/sdL{ ef]h/fh ltdlN;gf, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 sfe|s ] f cWoIf df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf, dlxnf clwsf/sdL{ 8f= ldgfl;+ v8\sf, j8f cWoIf p4jk|;fb sfkm\n] nufotn] dlxnf

lx+;f lj?4sf] cleofgnfO{ ;kmn agfO{ dlxnf d}qL gu/kflnsf agfpg] pb\3f]if u/]sf lyP . !) j6f l6d agfO{ k|lt:kwf{ ;d]t u/fO{Psf] pQm k|ltof]lutfdf dy'/fkf6L km'naf/Lsf] lszf]/L ;d'x k|yd ePsf] lyof] . k|yd x'g] l6dnfO{ gub % xhf/ k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm ;d'xdf lutf ;Tofn, ;l~htf e'hn] , u+uf ;Tofn / ddtf ;Tofn /x]sf lyP . bf]>f] j8f gDj/ & sf] ;d'x ePsf] lyof] . t]>f] j8f gDj/ * n] k'/:sf/ kfPsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf dlxnf lx+;f lj?4sf cleofgnfO{ j8f j8fdf n}hfg' kg{] atfPsf lyP . lutx?df dlxnf lx+;f 3/af6} eO{/x]sf], lx+;f /f]Sg 3/af6} ;t]r x'g' kg{] atfO{Psf] lyof] .

k;n ljqmLdf ag]kf rf/bf]af6f]df cjl:yt

km]G;L k;n ljqmLdf ;Dks{ df]=g+= (*$!$^$&#! ;gnfO{6 art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=

lgdf{0f Joj;foL ;+3, sfe|] kmf]g g+= )!!–$()!)%

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL :juf{/f]x0f @)&%.%.!!

hGd M !(**

jif{ @$ c+s $% @)&% ebf} @! ut] ljxLjf/

:j= dgs'df/L >]i7 sfgk'/ !, @, # / $ vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] sfof{no k|d'v tyf k|fljlws /fdrGb| >]i7 tyf sfgk'/ uflj; j8f g+= $ sf k"j{ j8fcWoIf ;"o{nfn >]i7sf ddtfdoL dftf dgs'df/L >]i7sf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgx?df xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

sfgk'/ !, @, # / $ vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt kl/jf/

w'lnv]n–%, >Lv08k'/, sfe|]

;ftf}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DaGwL ;"rgf pk/f]Qm ;DaGwdf ldlt @)&% ebf} !$ ut] a;]sf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7scg';f/ o; ;+:yfsf] ;ftf}+ aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef lgDg ldlt, :yfg / ;dodf x'g] ePsf]n] pQm ;efdf oxfFsf] clgjfo{ pkl:yltsf] nfuL xflb{s cg'/f]w ul/G5 . ;fy} kq k|fKt gePsf ;b:oHo"x?nfO{ o;} ;'rgfnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:ylt eO{lbgx'g cfu|x ub{5f}+ .

5nkmn x'g] a'“bfx? M— s_ cf=j= @)&$÷&% sf] ;lrjsf] k|ult k|ltj]bg ;DaGwdf . v_ cf=j= @)&$÷&% sf] sf]iffWoIfsf] cfly{s k|ltj]bg ;DaGwdf . u_ cf=j= @)&$÷&% sf] n]vf ;'kl/j]If0f ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg cg'df]bg ug]{ ;DaGwdf .

3_ cf=j= @)&$÷&% sf] n]vf kl/Ifs lgo'lQm / kfl/>lds cg'df]bg ;DaGwdf . ª_ cf=j= @)&%÷&^ sf] jflif{s ah]6 ;DaGwdf . r_ cf=j= @)&%÷&^ sf] n]vf kl/Ifssf] lgo'lQm / kfl/>lds to ug]{ ;DaGwdf .

5_ lg0f{o k':tLsfdf x:tfIf/ ug{ k|ltlglw rog ;DaGwdf . h_ ljljw . sfo{qmdM— ldlt M— @)&%÷)^÷)^ ut] zlgjf/ :yfg M— ;+:yfsf] sfof{no, >Lv08k'/ ;do M— ljxfg !!M)) b]lv #M)) ah];Dd kmf]g M— )!!—^^@&**

;lrj ;'/]Gb| ;'4sf/

sfgk'/, sfe|]

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL :juf{/f]x0f @)&%.%.!#

hGd M !((*.#.!)

:j= a]ltdfof >]i7 o; ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= sf ;+rfns ;b:o /fh' >]i7sf ddtfdoL dftf a]ltdfof >]i7sf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgx?df xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

;gnfO{6 art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kl/jf/ w'lnv]n %, >Lv08k'/, sfe|]

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL :juf{/f]x0f @)&%.%.!#

hGd M !((*.#.!)

:j= a]ltdfof >]i7 g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -g]skf_ w'lnv]n gu/ j8f g+= % sf z'elrGtsx? u+uf >]i7, hd'gf >]i7, /fhs'df/ >]i7, kf6L{sf ;+ul7t ;b:ox? em+sk|;fb >]i7, k'0onfn >]i7 tyf /fh' >]i7sf ddtfdoL dftf a]ltdfof >]i7sf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df

g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -g]skf_ w'lnv]n gu/ sld6L kl/jf/ g]skf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -g]skf_ % g+= j8f sld6L, >Lv08k'/, sfe|]

s/sf] eGbf===============================

eQmk'/sf 6«flkms k|x/Ln] c:yfoL ;dfwfg eGb} c/lgsf] /fhdfu{sf] eQmk'/ v08sf af5fx? ;fFuf s6fpg] u/]sf] /]l8of]d} cGt{jftf{ lbPsf] ;'gs ] f] atfP . ag]kf If]qdf jf5fx?sf sf/0f b'36{ gf a9\g yfn]sf], af5f uf8Ldf 7f]lSsFbf :yfgLox? ufO{ df/]sf] cf/f]kdf h]n hfg' kg{] 8/ ePsfn] tTsfn Aoj:yfkgsf nflu ljsNk vf]lhlbg k|dv ' lhNnf clwsf/L s[i0faxfb'/ /fpt / ;dGjo ;ldltsf k|dv ' p4j s];LnfO{ cfu|x u/] . af5f ;Fu} ;8sdf 5f8f 5fl8Psf s's/' af6 cft+s z'? ePsfn] s's/' sf] Aoj:yfkg ubf{ kz' clwsf/sdL{x?n] vj/bf/L u/]sf] :d/0f u/fP . d08g b]pk'/ gu/kflnsfsf k|dv ' 6f]saxfb'/ jfO{jfn] aFbn] cft+s /x]sf] atfP . aFbn] sf] cft+sn] :yfgLox?n] v]ltkftL hf]ufpg g;s]sf] u'gf;f] u/] . e'Dn' ufpFkflnsfsf cWoIf u'dfgWjh s'jF / / a]yfGrf]s ufpFkflnsf cWoIf k|d] axfb'/ ltdlN;gfn] afFb/ cft+s /x]sf] atfP . a]yfGrf]sn] afFb/ lgoGq0fsf nflu /sd ljlgof]hg u/]sf] ltdlN;gfn] hfgsf/L u/fP . :yfgLo ;/sf/sf k|dv ' x?n] /fv]sf] lh1f;fsf] hjfkm lbb} lhNnf ag sfof{nosf k|dv ' k|d] vgfnn] lhNnfdf h+unL hgfjf/x? aFbn] , afFb/, ;Fu} lrt'jfsf] ;d:of /x]sf] atfpFb}{ 5f8f kz'x?sf] Aoj:yfkgsf nflu h6fof] /]:6'/i] 6sf] ljsNk lbP . sfGhL xfp;, h6fof] /]:6'/0] 6 dfkm{t 5f8f kz'rf}kfof Ps :yfgdf hDdf ug{,] plgx? a'9f] ePkl5 To;sf] df;' lu4nfO{ v'jfpg] / lu4sf] ;d]t ;+/If0f x'g] ljsNk k|:t't u/] . lu4 nf]k x'bF } uPsf] cj:yfdf of] ljsNk x'g ;Sg] wf/0ff /fv]kl5 ;/sf/ k|dv ' x?n] g]jf/L efiffdf w/x/fsf] sqf] 5 eGg] pbfx/0f k|:t't u/] . :yfgLo ;/sf/sf k|dv ' x?n] sd{rf/Lsf] cefj x'bF f sfd ug{ g;s]sf], k|bz ] ;/sf/sf] dgnfUbLsf sf/0f :yfgLo ;/sf/x? ;+s6df k/]sf] u'gf;f] kf]v] . lhNnf ag sfof{no sfe|s ] f k|dv ' k|d] vgfnn] sfof{nosf gfd / sfd kl/jt{g eP klg lhDd]jf/L p:t} /x]sf] atfP . sfof{nosf] af]8{ ;d]t kl/jt{g u/]+ . agsf] ;+u7g lhNnf agaf6 l8lehg ag eof] . &$ j6f lhNnf ag sfof{noaf6 *$ j6f l8lehg ag sfof{no k'u] . ;]S6/ ag, * j6f Onfsf ag sfof{nonfO{ ;dfof]hg ub{} l8lehg cGt{ut /xg] u/L * j6f ;a l8lehg sfof{no l:js[t ePsf] 5 . ag]kfsf] hgfufndf /x]sf] OnfsfnfO{ ag]kfs} a'8f]ndf ;fl/g] 5 . ;]S6/ sfof{no /x]sf] ag]kf xl6;s]sf] 5 . dxfb]j:yfgsf] OnfsfnfO{ kfFrvfndf, es'08], vf]kf;L, rf}af;, s6'~h], agv' / tfN9'u+ fdf ;a l8lehg sfof{no :yfkgf ul/g]5 . dxfef/t / /f]zLsf] OnfsfnfO{ kl/jt{g ePsf] 5 . o; cl3 lhNnf agsf] cw{ GofoLs lgsfonfO{ sfod /flvPsf] 5 . k|dv ' vgfnn] hgfufndf /x]sf] b'Oj{ 6f agsf ejg ;8ssf] dfkb08 leq kg{] / Pp6f ejg :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug{] atfP . lhNnfaf6 vf/]hLdf k/]sf sfof{nox?sf k|dv ' x?n] tna klg gcfPsf], sfd klg gePsf] u'gf;f] AoQm u/] . s]lx sfof{nox? vf/]hL eP klg l8lehgsf ?kdf :yfkgf ug{ nfluPsf] atfP . lhNnf vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ sfof{nosf k|dv ' /fdrGb| sfkm\nn] ] sfof{no x6\g] lglZrt 5 t/ x6 eg]sf] klg 5}g, sfd s]lx u¥of 5}g, tna klg gcfPsf] atfP . sfe|k] nf~rf]s, l;Gw'kfNrf]s ;lxtsf] Pp6f l8lehg agfpg] k|:tfj ;'gs ] f] eP klg vfg]kfgL, l;+rfO{, ejg k|fljlws sfof{no nufot ldnfP/ Pp6} agfpg nfu]sf] km];a'saf6 yfxf kfPsf] atfP . sfof{nox? k|dv ' x? clxn] km];a'sdf cfkm\gf] sfof{nosf] s] lgb{z ] g / ;dfrf/ cfpF5 eg]/ klv{P/ a:g' k/]sf] u'gf;f] u/] . ;fIf/ lhNnf, v'Nnf lbzf d'Qm 3f]if0ff nufotsf sfo{qmdx? ug{ ;d]t hf]z gePsf] plgx?n] atfP . 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{nosf dfwj uf}tdn] clwsf/ geP klg sfd ul//x]sf] atfP . :yfgLo ;/sf/sf k|dv ' x?n] clwsf/ vf];s ] f] eGb} uf}tdnfO{ 5kSs} 5f]k] . lzIff sfof{nosf l8saxfb'/ /fO{n] kl/Iff afx]ssf s]lx sfd ug{] clwsf/ geP klg lzIfsx?sf] Aoj:yfkg ug{] sfd eO{/x]sf] atfP . kz' ;]jf sfof{no e]6g/L c:ktfnsf ?kdf ?kfGt/0f eO{/x]sf] /fhs'df/ x'dfufO{n] atfP . s[ifL / e]6]g/L Pp6} agfpg] u/L !# lhNnfd} sfof{no :yfkgf ug{] tof/L eP klg clwsf/ gePsf] atfP . ;xsf/L l8lehg, dlxnf ljsf; sfof{no vf/]h eO{ ;s]sf 5g\ . :jf:Yo sfof{non] l;Gw'kfNrf]s / sfe|]df x]g{] u/L /xg] elgP klg kl/kq gcfPsfn] tLg dlxgfsf nflu k'/fg} sfd ug{] u/L lhDd]jf/L k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . lhNnf e" ;+/If0f sfof{nonfO{ 5fk ;d]t k|of]u gug{' eGg] lgb{]zg eP klg sd{rf/LnfO{ sfd glbPsf] atfP . zx/L tyf ejg l8lehg sfof{non] ;d]t tLg j6f lhNnf x]g{] u/L k|:tfj eP klg clwsf/ gcfPsf] atfP . lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{no b]ze/sf #% j6f lhNnfdf /xg] elgPklg tLg÷rf/ j6f sfof{no ufe]/ Pp6} agfpg] elgPsf] 5 . sfd klg 5}g, tna klg 5}g, lhDd]jf/L klg gePsf] eGb} sd{rf/Lx?n] tTsfn sfof{no / cfkm\gf] Aoj:yfkg ug{ ;/sf/nfO{ cg'/f]w u/]sf 5g\ . sd{rf/Lx?n] afWotf ;'gfP kl5 hgk|ltlglwx?n] xflh/ dfq} u/]/ a;]sf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ :yfgLo ;/sf/df v6fO{ lbg k|lhc s[i0faxfb'/ /fptnfO{ cg'/f]w u/] . Pp6} sd{rf/Ln] rf/j6f x]g{]' kg{] ePsfn] ufpFdf eGbf sd{rf/L ;b/d'sfd a:g] u/]sf] k|d'v k|zf;lsox?n] u'gf;f] u/]sf 5g\ . cWoIf / k|d'vx?nfO{ ;fy lbb} sd{rf/Lx?sf] tTsfn Aoj:yfkg ug{ dfu u/] . s/sf] b/ a9L gePsf] atfpFb} k|d'v k|zf;lso clws[tx?n] 9'+uf, lu§L / afn'jfdf k|b]z ;/sf/n] em]n u/]sf] atfP . s/ p7fP/ :yfgLo ;/sf/n] k|b]z / ;+3nfO{ k7fpg' kg{] t/ ckh; :yfgLo ;/sf/n] dfq} v]Kg' kg{] eGb} cfqmf]z AoQm u/] . gu/k|d'vx?n] w'lnv]nsf gu/ k|d'v czf]s Aof~h'nfO{ awfO{ lbb} b]ze/sf ;/sf/sf ;d:of k|wfgdGqL / d'VodGqLx?nfO{ ;'gfpg cg'/f]w u/] . ebf} @@ ut] lghfdtL lbj;sf] cj;/ kf/]/ hgk|ltlglw / sd{rf/Lx?sf] $$ hgfsf] hDaf] km'6an v]nf8L tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . sd{rf/Lx?n] ¥ofnL cfof]hgf u/L km'6andf ;xeflu x'g]5g\ . k|d'v / cWoIfx?sf] Ps l6d x'g] 5 eg] pkk|d'vx?sf] csf{] l6d x'g]5 . dlxnf sd{rf/Lx? / pkk|d'vx?sf] l6d v]Ng]5 . pQm a}7sdf ;dGjo ;ldltsf k|d'v p4j s];L, k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L s[i0faxfb'/ /fpt, d08g b]pk'/ gu/kflnsf k|d'v 6f]saxfb'/ jfO{jf, ag]kf gu/kflnsf k|d'v nIdLg/l;+ afb], gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsf k|d'v l6kL zdf{ ltdlN;gf, P;jL /lj/fh v8\sf, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt pkk|d'v d~h' uf}td, ufpFkflnsf cWoIfx? dxfef/t sfG5fnfn lhDaf, vflgvf]nf s[i0faxfb'/ v'nfn, e'Dn' ufpFkflnsf u'dfgWjh s'jF /, t]dfn ufpFkflnsf ;nfdl;+ nfdf, a]yfG~rf]s ufpFkflnsf k|d] axfb'/ ltdlN;gf nufotn] :yfgLo ;/sf/n] sd{rf/L cefjs} sf/0f sfd ug{ g;s]sf] atfPsf lyP . ;dGjo clwsf/L sf]dnk|;fb wdnfn] :yfgLo ;/sf/x?nfO{ ;dGjo u/L tTsfn ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgdf hf]8 lbPsf] atfP . ;f]lx sfo{qmddf gu/kflnsf tyf ufpFkflnsfsf k|zf;lso k|dv ' x?, sfof{no k|dv ' x? ;xeflu lyP .

gu/ k|dv ' =====================

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eGb} ph'/L ul/Psf] cWoIf /ljGb| yfkfn] atfP . Ps /f]kgL hUufsf] agsf] 9'+uf lgsfnL hUuf Knl6Ëx? ul//x]sf lji0f' yfkfnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpFbf ;d]t c6]/ ul//x]sf] cWoIf /ljGb|n] atfP . hUuf ljuf/L 9'+uf ;d]t lems]sfn] tTsfn sf/jfxL ug{ pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] lhNnf ag sfof{nodf ph'/L ul/Psf] xf] .

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sd{rf/LnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf k|b]z ;ef ;f+;b a;'Gw/f x'dfufO{, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt sfe|]sf k|d'v p4j s];L, ag]kf gu/kflnsf k|d'v nIdLg/l;+ afb], pkk|d'v /]vf ;fksf]6f, g]kfn pBf]u afl0fHo ;+3sf cWoIf k|sfz dfgGw/, lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3sf cWoIf ljgf]b k/fh'nL, sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+3 lnsf pkfWoIf lty{dfof k|wfg nufotn] ;xsf/Ln] ;d'bfodf k'¥ofO{Psf] of]ubfg / cfufdL lbgdf ug{' kg{] sfdsf af/]df ;'emfj lbPsf lyP .

z'ne ;fsf];sf] cf7f}+ ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DkGg ag]kf÷z'ne art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf lnsf] cf7f} aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf gu/ k|dv ' nIdL g/+;L afb]sf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf af]Nb} k|d'v cltyL afb]n] ;xsf/Lx?n] art dfq geP/ ;fdflhs sfdx? klg ug{' kg{] atfPsf lyP . :yfgLo ;/sf/ cg';f/ ;xsf/Lx? rNg' kg{] / gu/kflnsfdf ;+:yf btf{ u/fO{ gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfg'g cg';f/ ;xsf/Lx?nfO{ rnfpg' kg{] s'/fdf hf]8 lbP . l5§} ;xsf/L ;ldtL u7g x'g nfu]sfn] ;xsf/Lx?sf ;d:of / gu/kflnsfn] ug{k' g{] lglt lgodsf s'/fx? rf8} x'g] pgn] atfP . sfo{qmddf ;+:yfsf] cfj @)&$÷)&% sf] jflif{s k|lta]bg ;lra xf]d k|;fb ltdlN;gfn] / cfly{s k|lta]bg sf]iffWoIf bdgs'df/ >]i7n] /fv]sf lyP . ;+:yfsf] z]o/ k'hF L ! s/f]8

bz nfv krxQ/ $ ;o, art ;+sng #) s/f]8 @^ nfv # xhf/ C0f nufgL @* s/f]8 #% nfv !( xhf/ * ;o /x]sf] hgfPsf] 5 . ;+:yfsf] n]vf tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ;ldtLsf] k|lta]bg ;+of]hs cf/tL >]i7n] /fv]sL lyO{g . sfo{qmdddf lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 lnsf pkfWoIf /fdrGb| e§/fO{, lhNNff art ;3+sf ;lra pbo/fd sfo:y, jg]kf gu/kflnsf j8f g+ % sf j8f cWoIf an/fd clwsf/L, kQ~hnL of]u ;ldtL k|bz ] g+ # sf cWoIf u|fa] g] tf}hn], sfe|] pwf]u jfl0fHo ;3+sf dxf;lra s}nfz knf~rf]s] nufPtsf AolQmx?n] z'esfdgf dGtao /fv]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf pTs[i6 art stf{, C0fL, z]o/ ;b:o, P;O{Od{ f plt0f{ 5fq tyf 5fqfnfO{ ;Ddfg u/LPsf] lyof] . sfoq{md ;:+yfsf cWoIf ljqmd en}sf] ;efkltTjdf / pkfWoIf /fhG]b/|fh sfh]s " f] :jfut dGtAodf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

ze ' sfdgf

xflbs { awfO{

w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf gu/k|d'v >L czf]s s'df/ Jof~h" >]i7 g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf] 5}7f}+ clwj]zgaf6 ul/dfdo cWoIf kbdf lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf]df pxfF nufot lgjf{lrt ;Dk"0f{ kbflwsf/Lx?df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub}{ sfo{sfn ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

;xb]j yfkf ;+of]hs Pj+

g]skf kgf}tL gu/ sld6L kl/jf/, kgf}tL, sfe|]

jfh L f / c f s ;x lblnk zdf{

ag hf]ufpg ph'/L hgfufn÷afx'g8fF8f ;fd'bflos ag pkef]Qmf ;d'x ;fljs pu|tf/f hgfufn * sfe|]n] ag cltqmd0f ug{]x?nfO{ sf/jfxLsf] dfu u/]sf] 5 . pu|tf/f hgfufn * xfnsf] ag]kf !) df pkef]Qmf ;d'xnfO{ hfgsf/L g} glbO{ Ps /f]kgL eGbf w]/} hUufdf 8f]h/ rnfO{ gLlh k|of]hgsf nflu Iflt k'¥ofPsf]

jif{ @$ c+s $% @)&% ebf} @! ut] ljxLjf/

;xsfo{ zAb ;a} ldn]/ ug]{ sfo{ xf] . xfd|f] b]zsf] ;Gbe{df ;lbof}+ b]lv Ps cfk;df efOrf/fsf] ;DjGw / ;xof]uLsf] efjgf cg';f/ Ps csf{nfO{ ;xof]u cfbfg k|bfg ub}{ rn]sf] 5 . Ps hgfnfO{ b'Vbf ;a}nfO{ b'Vg] xfd|f] dfofn' :jefj / dgsf sf/0f xfdL cGo b]zsf t'ngfdf ;Da]bglzn klg 5f}+ . hxfF xfdL ;xsfo{ ub{5f}+ ToxfF efOrf/fsf] ;DjGw hf]l8G5 . Ps csf{nfO{ ;'v b'Mvdf ;fy lbO{ ul/g] ;a} sfo{x? jf ;xof]uL sfdx?nfO{ xfdL ;xsf/Ltfsf] efjgf ;Fu hf]8\g ;Sb5f}+ . dg / efjgfn] hf]l8Psf sfo{x? ubf{ xfd|f] dgdf ;Fw} cfgGb k|fKt x'G5 . cfgGbn] zflGt lbG5 clgTof] zflGtn] v'l; ldN5 Tof] v'l; g} dflg;sf] hLjgsf] cToGt dxTjsf] kIf x'G5 . xf] olx ;blarf/ ;lxt xfdLn] cfkm'n] cfkm'nfO{ ;a} kIfx?df hf]8\g ;Sb5f}+ . ;lx larf/, ;lx b[li6sf]0f, ;lx cfr/0fn] dflg;nfO{ ;kmntfsf nflu 8f]/\ofpF5 . dflg; x/]s lx;fjn] cfkm\gf sfo{x? ;DkGg ug{sf nflu lbge/L tgfjdf /xG5 . s;}n] Tolx laifonfO{ ;xhtfsf ;fy ;DkGg ug{ ;Sb5 eg] sltn] laleGg tgfjsf afah'b klg sfo{ cufl8 a9fpg ;Sb}gg . laxfg p7\g] lalQs} cfkm\gf j/Lk/Lsf laifox? / ug'{kg]{ sfdx?nfO{ ;Dem]/ tgfj lng] ub{5 . lbge/L ug'{kg]{ ljleGg sfo{x?nfO{ s;/L ug]{ xf]nf eGg] h:tf larf/ dgdf /fVb5 . ;'?d} o:tf laifodf tgfj lnPkl5 lbge/L sfd ug'{kg]{ cGo kIfx? tgfjd} ljTg hfG5g clg sfo{x? ;DkGg gx'g;S5 eg] ul/ xflnof] eg]klg /fd|f] x'b}g . laleGg AolQmTjx?sf] egfO{ cg';f/ dflg;n] ;sf/fTds ?kdf sfdug]{ afgLsf] ljsf; u/fpg'kb{5 . ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] ljsf;n] dflg;nfO{ ;Fw} pmhf{ k|fKt x'G5 eGg] k|df0fx? /fVb5g\ . o;sf s]lx l6K;x? ;d]t pgLx?n] k|ltkfbg u/]sf 5g\ ;du|df ;sf/fTds ?kdf cf}Nofpg'kg]{ ljljw kIfx?df cfkm'n] cfkm'nfO{ kl/dfh{g ug{ ;s]df dflg; gofF cWofo ;'? ug{ ;Sb5 . ;xsf/Ltfsf ;Gbe{df cln uxlsnf] / oyfy{df cfwfl/t eO{ dgdf pAh]sf] s]lx laifo tyf cfkm\gf] a'emfO{ /fVg dg nfUof] . cln lttf] oyfy{ clg ef]ufO{ tyf k|al[ tx? dfly d]/f] zAb p7]sf 5g cfhsn xfd|f ;fd' ;xsf/Lsf cleoGtf w]/} e]l6G5g\ . rf]s, lrofk;n, ;ef, ;Dd]ng, uf]li7, ;]ldgf/, efif0f clg ;xsf/Lsf larf/ /fVgsfnflu o"jf, a[4, dlxnf ;a} kIfx?df clnstL klg gyfSg] u/L ukm r'l6/x]sf ;a}lt/ b]lvG5g\ . hfg]/ xf]; of ghfg]/ ;a}n] ;xsf/Lsf] jsfnt ub}{ lx8\bf nfU5 ls ;xsf/L lbg b'O{ u'gf cufl8 a9\b}5 . /fHosf] ltgvDa] cy{ gLltdf ;xsf/L ;jf]{k/L 5 eg]/ efif0f ug{sf]lx eGbf sf]lx sd 5}g . ;xsf/L P]gsflaifodf ;a}hgf h/f];Dd hfgsf/ ePsf h:tf larf/ ;Dk|]if0f ub{5g\ . sfg"g clg lgod, / lgodfjnLdf t ;a}hgf cfkm}n] ;a} s'/f y]u]sf] h:tf] s'/f /fV5g\ o;f] x]/\of] ;a}lt/ ;xsf/L g} ;xsf/L 5 . nfU5 ;xsf/Lsf af/]df b]z lgs} cufl8 5 . cem sfe|] lhNnfdf t o:tf ;xsf/Lsf cleoGtfx? sf] emfg vfFrf] 5}g . s] cj ;a} laifox? s'/fdf g} l;ldt eP/ x'g] xf] t < eGg] rf;f] stf stf b]lvG5 . Pp6f 3/df ePsf ;a} ;xsf/Lsf g]tf / z]o/ ;b:ox? ePsf] h:tf] cfefif x'G5 .lhNnfdf g} ;a} ;xsf/L cleoGtf, s;}nfO{ s;}sf] h?/L g} 5}g . sf]lx s;}sf] ;xsf/Lsf af/]df larf/ /fVg nfUf] eg] s'/f sf6\g]sf] sdL 5}g oxfF . hGdb} ;xsf/Lsf larf/ af]s]/ cleoGtf ePsf] h:tf] s'/f /fV5g . o;/L ukmL dfq eP/ l;+uf] ;xsf/Lsf] cleofg ;kmnxf]nf t <lgs} rf;f] / lrGtfsf] laifo ag]sf] 5 oxfF g t s;}n] s;}sf] ;xsf/Lsf] af/]df lrGtf 5 g t ;xsf/L cleofgs} cfkm'n] g]t[Tj u/L/x]sf] ;xsf/L ;+:yftyfcfkm\gf z]o/ ;b:ox?sf] t Vofn 5}g eg] l;+uf] ;xsf/Lsf] cleofgsf laifodf s;/L k|:t't x'g] xf]nf cj ;a} ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngsf ;flyx?n] clt ;+Da]bglzn eP/ rf;f] ug]{ ;do cfPsf] 5 . ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? ;~rfng ub}{df l;+uf] ;xsf/L cfGbf]ns} dlzxf aGg ;lsb}g eGg] laifosf] kf7 s;n] k9fpg] xf]nf oxfF < o; laifodf 5nkmn / cleofg rnfpg} kg]{ ePsf] 5 . lhNnfdf /x]sf ;a} ;xsf/Lx?sf ;~rfngsf cj:yfsf af/]df xfdL ;a}sf] ;femfwf/0ff agfpg' kg]{ ePsf] 5 . ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] cj:yf x]bf{ nfU5 ;fd"bflos :t/df z]o/ ;b:ox?sf] b}lgls jf hLjgLnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ ;~rfng ePsf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? sd} dfq kfOPnfg sL h:tf] nflu ;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . zx/ ahf/df b]lvPsf ;xsf/L ;+:yf / u|fdL0f ;d'bfodf btf{ eO{ ;~rfng ePsf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] xleut s:tf] xf]nf t eGg] laifodf xfd|f] rf;f] hfg'k5{ eGg] nfu]sf] 5 . larf/ /fVg' /fd|f] s'/f xf] larf/n] g} dflg;nfO{ 1fg k|bfg ub{5 . 1fgn] larfnfO{ km/flsnf] ;d]t agfpFb5 . larf/ k:sb} hfFbf cfd dflg;sf] wf/0ffdf kl/jt{g NofpF5 . s'g}klg laifodf larf/ k:sFbf ;a} eGbf klxnf ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] ljsf; x'g' h?/L x'G5 . ;lx cy{df /fv]sf] jf z'4 dgn] u/]sf x/]sf sfdx? ;dod} ;kmn klg x'G5g\ . dflg;df ;sf/fTds ;f]r To;} cfpFb}g ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf nflu klxnf p;n] laifo k|lt wf/0ff agfpg ;Sg'kb{5 . ;xsf/L cfGbf]ng tyf cleofgdf nfu]sf AolQmx?n] t emg cfkm\gf] If]q g} ;f]lx ePsf sf/0f klg ;DjlGwt laifodf ;dfg a'emfO{nfO{ cfkm\gf] nIo agfO{ cufl8 a9\g'sf] ljsNk klg 5}g . dflysf laifox? p7fg ub}} ubf{ k+lQmsf/ g} ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngsf] dlzxf xf] t < l;+uf] ;xsf/L cfGbf]ng o;}n] dfq y]u]sf] xf]t < jf ;xsf/L p;}n] dfq a'em]sf] xf] t < eGg] laifodf ljleGg k|Zg p7g ;Snfg t/ xfdf cufl8 p7]sf, ;d'bfodf k|Zg v8f epsf laifonfO{ ;a}sf ;fd' p7fg s;}n] g s;}n] ug'{kb{5 of] sfo{ cleofgstf{ eGbf c/sf] x'g} ;Sb}g . ;dfhdf p7]sf jf b]lvpsf ljljw kIfx?nfO{ cfd ;xsf/Lsf If]qdf /fVbf o;n] ;sf/fTds ?k lnP/ ef]lnsf lbgdf l;+uf] cfGbf]ng g} ;'wf/fTds b]lvG5 eGg] xf] . cfd dflg;df b]lvPsf lg/fzfx?nfO{ o;n] cfzfdf kl/0ft ub{5 eg] xf};nf ;d]t k}bf ub}{ ;sf/fTds ;Gb]z lbg ;kmn x'G5 To;}n] cfhsf] ;do ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngsf nflu / o;sf] ;'wf/sf nflu ;a}kIfx? ldn]/ ;d[4 ;xsf/L lgdf{0f ug]{ ;do ePsfn] o:tf] kIfdf ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] ljsf;;Fu} cufl8 a9f}+ xfdL cj:o uGtAodf k'Ug ;Sb5f}+ / ;xsf/L klg cfkm} u'0ftds a[l4 eO{ ;kmn x'g]5 .

xflbs { awfO{ g]kfn kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;+3 sfe|]sf cWoIf z'e/fh hf]zL e|d0fsf] nflu cd]l/sf k|:yfg ug{'ePsf]df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub{} ;kmn ofqf ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

k|sfz sfo:y ;lrj Pj+

g]kfn kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;+3 ag]kf, sfe|]

d]/f] ldq Pj+ w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf gu/k|d'v >L czf]s s'df/ Jof~h" >]i7 g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf] 5}7f}+ clwj]zgaf6 ul/dfdo cWoIf kbdf lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf]df pxfF nufot lgjf{lrt ;Dk"0f{ kbflwsf/Lx?df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub}{ sfo{sfn ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

ljs'gf/fo0f tfd|fsf/ wfld{s kqsf/ Pj+

kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f g+= &, sfe|] kgf}tL

@@

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

jif{ @$ c+s $% @)&% ebf} @! ut] ljxLjf/

hgtf a}s + åf/f ljBfnonfO{ ;f}Gbo{ snf Aoa;foL ;3+sf] lhNnfsf ljleGg :yfgdf lth ljz]if sDKo"6/ k|bfg sGof k'hf

kgf}tL÷hgtf a}s g]kfnn] kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f g+ @ df /x]sf] km'Nrf]sL cfwf/e't ljBfnonfO{ @ yfg sDKo'6/ x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] 5 . sDKo'6/ x:tfGt/0f sfo{qmddf kgf}tL gu/kflnsfsf gu/ k|dv ' led Gof}kfg]n] a}ssf] gfd g} hgtf ePsf]n] cem} hgtf k|lt pt/bfloTj x'g] ;fdflhs sfdx? ug{ ;'emfa lbP . cfO{l6sf] If]qdf dfq geO{ :jf:Yo If]qdf ufpF ufpF k'u/] hgtfx?nfO{ ;]jf lbg' kg{] Gof}kfg]n] atfPsf lyP . cfly{s sf/f]af/ dfq geO{ ;fdflhs sfdx? u/]/ hgtfsf] dg lhTg ;Sg' kg{d] f pgn] hf]8 lbP . sDKo'6/ x:tfGt/0f sfo{qmddf a}ssf tkm{ af6 ;+:yfks ;fdflhs dfldnf k|dv ' 5ljnfn x'dfufO{n] a}sn] gfkmfsf] ! k|ltzt ;fdflhs If]qdf nuflg u/]sf] atfP . cfly{s jif{ @)&%÷)&^ df ! s/f]8 ?k}of ;fdflhs sfdsf nfuL ah]6 ljlgof]lht u/]sf] pgn] atfPsf lyP . a}sn] ljz]if u/L u|fld0f e]udf uO{ dlxnfx?sf] :jf:Yo kl/If0f u/L

cfª v:g] /f]usf] lgz'Ns pkrf/ u/L/x]sf], % xhf/ hgf lj/fdLx?sf] cfFvf kl/If0f u/L df]tLof ljGb' ePsf lj/fdLx?sf] lgz'Ns ck/]zg u/]sf], b]z} e/Ldf @ ;o hgf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ 5fqfa[lQ k|bfg u/]sf] / o; jif{ x'Dnfdf uO{ a}lsª sf/f]af/ u/L ToxfFsf hgtfnfO{ ;]jf ;'ljwf lbg] / dlxnfx?sf] :jf:Yo kl/If0f lzla/ nufotsf :jf:Yo ;DalGwsf ;a} lzla/? ;~rfng ug{ nfluPsf] hfgsf/L lbPsf lyP . sfo{ q mddf ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofks s]zj x'dfufO{n] ljBfnon] sDKo"6/sf] ;lx ;b'kof]u ug{] atfPsf lyP . ;xof]uL xftx? km}nfO{ ljBfyL{x?nfO{ u'0f:t/Lo lzIff lbg ;w} nfuL/xg] k|lta4tf AoQm u/]sf lyP .

To;} u/L sfo{qmddf kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f g+ @ sf j8f cWoIf k'?iff]td clwsf/L, a}ssf kgf}tL a|fGrsf :6fkmx? / ljBfnosf lzIfs, Aoa:yfkg ;ldlt nufPtsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

ç zflGt ;xsf/Lsf] rf}yf] dfO{tL d]nf

ag]kf÷rf/ jif{ cl3 b]lv lg/Gt/ cfof]hgf ub{} cfPsf] dfO{tL d]nf tyf lthdf b/ vfg] sfo{qmd of] jif{ klg ç zflGt ax'p2]lZoo ;xsf/Ln] dgfPsf] 5 . dlxnf tyf k'?if z]o/ ;b:ox? pQm cj;/df 5d5dL gfr]sf 5g\ . ag]kf gu/kflnsf pkk|dv ' /]vf ;fksf]6f bfxfnn] klxn] h:tf] dlxnfx?nfO{ lth dgfpgs} nflu vr{sf] cefj gePsf] atfO{g\ . ;xsf/Ls} sf/0f dlxnfx?n] cfkm'n] sdfO{ u/]sf] /sd hDdf ug{ / vr{ ug{ ;xh ePsf] atfpFb} Ps lbg lthdf dfq} v'n/] gfRg] / ufpg] dlxnfx?sf nflu ;xsf/Lx?n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] dfO{tL d]nf tyf b/ vfg] sfo{qmdn] emg} ;xhtf ylklbPsf] pkk|dv ' /]vfn] atfO{g\ . dlxnfx?nfO{ :yfgLo ;/sf/df xf];\ jf kbdf k'lu;s]sf dlxnfx?nfO{ clwsf/sf] If]qdf xf];\ kof{Kt clwsf/ eP klg pkof]u ug{ dlxnfx? ;Ifd x'g' kg{] pgsf] egfO{ lyof] . …clwsf/ w]/} 5 t/ xfdL ;Ifd x'bF } hfg' k5{, To;sf nflu lzIff / cfTdlge{/ k|dv ' s'/f xf]Ú–pgn] elgg–…;xsf/L / :yfgLo ;/sf/n] dlxnfx?sf nflu of] b'a} s'/fsf] Uof]l/G6 ug{5 ] .Ú

;xsf/Lsf cWoIf OZj/nfn >]i7n] dlxnf z]o/ ;b:ox?sf] dg v'Nnf u/L gfRg / ufpg] jftfj/0f dgfpg Ps lbg dfO{tL d]nf tyf b/ vfg] sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/Psf] atfP . …xfdL lg/Gt/ rf}yf] jif{df o:tf] sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul//x]sf 5f}Ú–pgn] eg]–…dlxnfx?n] v'n]/ gfRg / ufpg of] sfo{qmd kmnbfoL / dxTjk"0f{ ag]sf] 5 .Ú sfo{qmddf g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf cWoIf df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf, xfO{h]lgs l/;{r OlGi6Ro'6sf slG6« 8fO{/]S6/ dbgk|;fb ef/tL, ;+:yfsf pkfWoIf lszf]/a?0f >]i7 nufotn] ;xsf/Ln] cfof]hgf u/]sf] lthdf dlxnf z]o/ ;b:ox? v'zL ePsf] atfP . xfO{hl] gs l/;{r OlGi6Ro'6n] k|fof]hg u/]sf] pQm sfo{qmddf dlxnfx?sf nflu cfjZos kg{] :ofDk' tyf cGo ;fdfu|Lx? pkxf/ k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;xeflu z]o/ ;b:ox? tyf pkk|dv ' /]vf ;fksf]6fn] ;d]t lut tyf g[To k|:t't u/]sf lyP . snfsf/x? cldt vftL, d~h' uf}td, xl/ sdf{rfo{, k|lbk x'dfufO{ nufotn] ;f]lx cj;/df ljleGg k|:t'tL k|:t't u/]sf lyP .

ag]kf÷;f}Gbo{ snf Aoa;foL ;3+ g]kfn sfe|s ] f] cfof]hgfdf dlxnfx?sf] dxfg rf8 lth ljz]if sfo{qmd @)&% ut du+naf/ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf ;f}Gbo{ snf Aoa;foL g]kfnsf s]lGb|o ;+:yfks cWoIf sdnf >]i7sf] k|d'v cltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf af]Nb} k|d'v cltyL >]i7n] lth e8\lsnf] ?kdf geO{ cfkm\gf] Ifdtf cg';f/ dgfpg' kg{]df hf]8 lbO{g\ . lth clxn] ljs[lt / km]zgsf] ?kdf e{O{/x]sf]n] o; rf8nfO{ ;:s[tLsf] hu{]gf tyf ;Ao tl/sfn] dgfpg kg{] atfO{g\ . dlxnfx?sf] clwsf/sf gfddf lths} sf/0fn] 3/af; p7fpg] ;Dd ePsfn] ;a} dlxnf

lblbalxgLx?n] ;/nt/Lsfn] lthnfO{ dgfpg cfu|x ;d]t u/]sL lyO{g\ . sfo{qmddf k'j{ /fHo dlGq s~rg rGb| afb] kQ~hnL of]u ;ldtL sfe|]sf cWoIf bdg s'df/ >]i7, ;3+sf ;+:yfks cWoIf ;'lgtf ;fu/, lgj{tdfg cWoIf nIdL >]i7 nufPtsf AolQmx?n] z'esfdgf lbPsf lyP . sfo{qddf :yfkgf b]vL xfn ;Dd Ao'l6;Log k]zfdf /x]sf dlxnf lblbalxgLx?nfO{ ;Ddfg u/LPsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf :jfut dGtAo ;lra ;'nf]rgf ltdlN;gfn] u/]sL lyO{g eg] ;efkltTj cWoIf zf]ef gs{dL{n] u/]sL lyO{g\ . sfo{qmddf dlxnf lblbalxgLx?n] gfrufg;d]t u/]sf lyP .

O{Gb|Z] j/ SofDk;sf] !& cf} :yfkgf lbj;

kgf}tL÷O{Gb|Z] j/ SofDk;sf] !& cf} :yfkgf lbj; ;+:yfks SofDk; k|d'v b]js[i0f zf:qLsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf af]Nb} k|d'v cltyL zf:qLn] ljutsf] h:tf] lzIff clxn] gePsf]n] ;do cg';f/sf] lzIff nfu' ug{" kg{] atfP . :yfkgfsfndf hlt bM'v eof] ;w} To;nfO{ ;Demg] eGbf klg :d/0f ub{} cuf8L a9\of] eg] h'g pb]Zosf] nfuL SofDk; vf]nLPsf] xf] ToxL pb]Zo sf] nfuL nIo k'/f ug{ ;lsg] atfPsf lyP . sfo{qmddf ljz]if cltyL SofDk;sf ;Nxfsf/ Pj+ g]kfnL sf+u;]| sf s]lGb|o ;b:o lzjk|;fb x'dfufO{n] lzIffdf s;}n] klg /fhlgtL ug{ gx'g] jtfP . h;/L dlGb/ hfbfF h'Qf aflx/ /flvG5 To;/L g} SofDk; k:bf /fhlgtLnfO{ aflx/ /fVg' kg{] x'dfufO{n] atfP . ;ef;b\ /fdx/L ;'jb] Ln] ljBfyL{x?nfO{ k9fO{ dfq geP/ Aoaxf/Ls / k|fljlws lzIffdf hf]8

lbg'kg{] atfP . a]/f]huf/ lzIff eGbf /f]huf/L lzIff eof] eg] ljb]lzg] o'jfsf] ;+Vof sd x'g] pgsf] egfO{ lyof] . sfo{qmddf kgf}tL gu/kflnsf gu/ k|d'v led Gof}kfg], klAns SofDk; ;3+sf pk–dxf;lra 8f= cDe' ejfgL sfsL{, kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f g+= & sf j8f cWoIf /fdrGb| gf:gfgL, kgf}tL gu/kflnsf lzIff zfvf k|dv ' dx]Zj/ h+ud nufPtsf AolQmx?n] z'esfdgf dGtAo /fv]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf SofDk;sf] jflif{s k|lta]bg SofDk; k|dv ' >Ls'df/ ;'jfnn] /fv]sf lyP eg] :jfut dGtAo SofDk; Aoa:yfkg ;ldtLsf pkfWoIf wgjxfb'/ h+udn] /fv]sf lyP . :yfkgf sfo{qmddf SofDk;df nfdf] ;do;Dd sfd ug{] k|fWofks / pTs[i6 ljBfyL{, ;:yfksx?nfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmd SofDk; Aoa:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf ljZjgfy tfd|fsf/sf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

nId0fsf] ;flxToLs ;u/dfyf ofqf to kgf}tL÷kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ * kf6Ly'Dsf lgjf;L ;flxTosf/ nId0f ;fksf]6fn] ljZjsf] ;jf]{Rr lzv/ ;u/dfyfsf cf/f]x0f ug]{ ePsf 5g\ . ;fksf]6fn] @)&^ j}zfvdf ;u/dfyfsf] k|yd cf/f]x0f ug{ nfu]sf x'g\ . To;sf nflu k|yd ;flxlTos ;u/dfyf cf/f]x0f ;xof]u ;ldlt sfe|] u7g ul/Psf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf ;ef;b\ Pj+ k'j{ dfglgo /fdx/L ;'j]bL cWoIf /x]sf] ;ltltsf] pkfWoIfdf k'?iff]Qd ;fksf]6f, ;rLjdf nId0f ;fksf]6f, ;x ;lrj lgle{s hªu /fodfemL, sf]iffWoIf lji0f' vgfn /x]sf 5g\ . o:t} ;b:odf /fs]z nfdf, ;/:jtL lrdf]/Lof, ?b| tfdfª, ;'jf; yfkf, lblnk tfd|fsf/, u0f]z ltdlN;gf, /fd;'Gb/ b]phf, uf]ljGb zdf{, ch{'g ;fksf]6f, lj/]Gb| k|wfg nufot 5g\ . ;fksf]6fn] o;cl3 ^ xhf/ @ ;o

ld6/ cUnf] OdfhfS;] lxdfn / ^ xhf/ ^ ;o %$ ld6/sf] d]/flks lxdfnsf] ;kmn cf/f]x0f ul/;s]sf 5g\ . o:t} !* lbg bf}8 u/L ! xhf/ @^ lsnf]ld6/ nfdf] k'j{ klZrd dx]Gb| /fhdfu{sf] ;flxlTos bf}8 ;DkGg u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fg sf7dfG8f}+b]lv jlb{jf; ;Ddsf] bf}8 ;d]t k'/f u/L xfn;Dd ! xhf/ # ;o @% lsnf]ld6/ ;flxlTos bf}8 u/]sf 5g\ . cfufdL d+l;/ ! ut]b]vL k[YjL / l;4fy{ /fhdfu{ xFb} n'lDjgL ;Ddsf] sl/a %)) lsnf]ld6/sf] ;lxlTos bf}8 ug]{ ;fksf]6fn] hfgsf/L lbP . ljZjsf] ;jf]{Rr lzv/sf] r'r/' f]df pleP/ sljtf jfrg ug],{ / ;fdflhs pkGof;sf] nf]kfk{0f u/L o;sf] j[Qlrq lgdf{0f u/L ljZjnfO{ ;u/dfyf af/] hfgsf/L u/fpg' ;u/dfyf cf/f]x0fsf] pb]Zo /x]sf] ;fksf]6fn] atfP . pgsf] ;u/dfyf cf/f]x0f ;kmn ePdf pgL ;u/dfyf cf/f]x0f ug]{ klxnf] ;flxTosf/ aGg] 5g\ .

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>L r08]Zj/L l;;f k;n oxfF ljleGg lsl;dsf l;;fx?, tof/L 9f]sf, kmf]6f] k|]md, ljleGg sDkgLsf /+ux?nufotsf ;fdfgx? rflxPdf xfdLnfO{ ;Demg'xf];\ .

;Dks{ /fd]Zj/ ef]l5ef]of k|f]kfO6/ (*$!#@#*(), (*$!@!&@## ag]kf c/lgsf] kf6L{ Kofn]; hfg] af6f]

ag]kf÷ ag]kf / cf;kf;sf ljleGg If]qdf s[i0fci6dLsf] cj;/df sGofx? k'lhPsf 5g\ . ! ;o !^ jif{ cl3 ag]kfdf z'? ePsf] P]ltxfl;s a[xQ sGof k'hf cfO{taf/ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . cljjflxt tyf /hZjnf gePsf / a]n ljjfx gul/Psf sGofx?nfO{ ljleGg ljwLsf ;fy k'hf ul/b} cfPsf] 5 . …3/af6 z'? ul/Psf] sGof k'hf clxn] g]kfnd} gd'gf ePsf] 5Ú–sGof k'hf k|jGw ;ldltsf ;lrj ;'/s[i0f a}Bn] eg]–…afh] a/fh'n] z'? u/]sf] ;+:s[ltnfO{ hlt ;'s} vlr{nf] eP klg k'/f ug{] cleofg rnfPsf 5f}+ .Ú ag]kf cf;kf; & ufpFsf sGofx?nfO{ ag]kfdf k[h' f ul/b} cfPsf] k/Dk/fnfO{ Aojl:yt ug{ ;ldlt g} u7g ul/Psf] lyof] . ag]kfsf] ef]nfvf6f]naf6 z'? ePsf] a[xQ sGofk"hfsf] z'?jftdf ef]nfvf u0f]znfO{ k'hf u/L ljwL cg';f/ ;'/s[i0f a}Bsf] 3/af6 lgl:sPsf] k"hf, l6sf / h+hsf/sfFrf] wfuf]_ t]nn] sGofnfO{ :jf/L, dfnk'jf, rsn]6, 5f]s8f, lj:s'6 ;lxt k'hf ul/Psf] lyof] . ef] n fvf6f] n af6 k" j { l t/ ef]nfvf6f]n, :jwf6f]n / js'6f]nl;Dd al;x/sf sGofx?nfO{ k'hf ub{} 3'd/] , klZrdlt/ kmsL{ js'6f]n, :jwf6f]n, ef]nfvf6f]n x'bF } bIf'6f]n;Dd bfofFtkm{sf ;8ssf] k]6Ldf cf;gdf al;/x]sf sGofx?nfO{ k'hf ub{} nfos' Wjfvf;Dd cfO{, k"jl{ t/ kms{/] bfofFlt/sf k]6Ldf al;/x]sf sGofx?n] k'hf ub{} ef]nfvf6f]n k'uk] l5 lj;{hg ePsf] ;lrj a}Bn] hfgsf/L lbP . lgz'Ns ul/Psf] sGof k'hfsf nflu k|jGw ;ldltsf] sl/j !% nfv vr{ ePsf] 5 . bftfx?nfO{ lbPsf] s]lx /sd afx]s cGo vr{ ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?n] g} Aoxf]b}{ cfPsf] a}Bn] hfgsf/L lbP . hfqfsf] Aoj:yfkg ug{ cIfosf]ifsf] :yfkgf u/L yk /sd ;+sng ul/Psf] ;ldltsf ;b:o k|sfz sfoZyn] atfP .

…;ldltsf] kxndf z'?df !! nfvsf] cIfosf]ifdf sl/j s]lx /sd yk ul/Psf] 5Ú–sfoZyn] eg] –…s]lx lbg cl3 b]lv #)÷$) hgf dhb'/x?å/f *) xhf/ :jf/L, * xhf/ dfNk'jf ksfO{Psf] 5 .Ú Pp6L sGofn] * j6f :jf/L / Pp6f dfNk'jf ;ldltsf] tkm{jf6 kfPsL l5g\ eg] cGo ;fdfu|Lx? sl/j ! ;o eGbf w]/} AolQmx?n] k'hf ubf{ pknAw u/fPsf 5g\ . sGofx?nfO{ k'hf ubf{ ;':jf:Yo, ;'dËn / ;'vdo hLjgsf] sfdgf ul/Psf] 5 . ag]kf cf;kf; & ufpFaf6 sGofx? k'hfdf ;xeflu ePsf lyP . sGofx?nfO{ k'hf ubf{ plgx?sf] cflz{jfbsf sf/0f dg xn'Ëf] x'g], cfTd;Gt'li6 ldn]sf], OR5f k'/f ePsf] / s]lx x/fPsf] a:t' kfPsf] h:tf] dx;'; x'g] u/]sf] ljZjf; 5 . ag]kfsf] cnfjf, ;fFuf, a'8f]n, gfnf, rf}sf]6, w'lnv]n, kgf}tL, wg]Zj/ nufotsf :yfgdf klg sGof k'hf ul/Psf] 5 . s]lx lbg cl3 k};f lt/]/ cfof]hgf ul/Psf] sGof k"hf ag]kfd} ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

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w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf gu/k|d'v >L czf]s s'df/ Jof~h" >]i7 g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf] 5}7f}+ clwj]zgaf6 ul/dfdo cWoIf kbdf lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf]df pxfF nufot lgjf{lrt ;Dk"0f{ kbflwsf/Lx?df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub}{ sfo{sfn ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

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motiramtimalsina@gmail.com

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The Selected

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oxfF h'Qf, rKkn, Hofs]6, lhG; kfOG6 nufot cGo km]G;L ;fdfgx? kfOG5 .

sdhf]/ rl/qn] lnnfdLdf r9fPsf] hLjg ebf} ! ut] b]lv gofF sfg'g hf/L eof] . k'/fg} sfg'g x'Fbf t xfdL k'?ifx?nfO{ dlxnfx?n] cf/f]k nufPs} e/df h]n k7fpg] qmd a9]s} lyof] . gofF sfg'gn] k'?ifx?nfO{ h]n k7fpg cem} ;xh x'g] ePsf] 5 . h]n leq a;]/ k'?ifx?sf] ef]ufO{ ef]Ug]x?nfO{ dfq} yfxf 5, unt dfG5] h]n hfFbf p;sf] Aojxf/ / ck/fw u/]s} dfG5] h]n k'Ubf p;n] b]vfpg] c;nL ?k . cfzf u/f} w]/} k'?if unt cf/f]kdf h]nsf] ofqfdf gk?g\ . gofF sfg'gn] w]/}nfO{ Gofo u/f];\ . ds} lkl;Fbf 3'g lkl;G5 eGg] ;f]r /fv]/ cg';Gwfg ug{' ePg . lgZkIf cg';Gwfg ePg eg] cf/f]ks} e/df lx/f;tdf /flvg' csf{] ck/fw xf] . d/]f] efu]fO{ / cge'l't k/'fgf] sfgg' xbF's } f] xf] . @)$& ;fn kmfug' # ut] bfn]vf lhNnfsf] dn}Ë'df d/]f] hGd eof] . ;fgf] 5bFfsf] afnfkg

;f]r ablng k'Uof] . ufpFdf w]/} k9]sfx? zx/df of]Uotf cg';f/sf] hflu/ gkfP/ v]tL ls;fgL u/]/ hLljsf rnfPsf lyP . sf]xL xnf] hf]t]/ hLljsf rnfO/x]sf lyP . k9fO{n] t emg\ v} s] unf{ / < Pp6f pRr lzIff xfl;n u/]/ cfkm\gf] of]Uotf cg';f/sf] hflu/ gkfP kl5 . ;f]emf hgtfn] v} s'g s'gfdf hflu/ kfpg ;Snf < ;'gs ] f] lyPF g]kfnn] t gofF rf]nf km]¥of] < v} g]kfndf a]/f]huf/Lx?nfO{ /f]huf/ < v} t of]Uotf cg';f/sf] kb < ;bfjxf/ g]kfn p:t} nfU5 . nfvf}+ a'af cfdfsf 5f]/f 5f]/Lx? /f]huf/sf] nflu ljb]lzg' k/]sf] 5 . b]zsf] of] xfnt b]v/] k9fO{ 5f]8L a'af ;Fu} uf8L l;Sg] lgwf] u/]+ . lzIffaf6 1fg t k|fKt u/]+ t/ Tof] lzIffsf] 1fg ;/sf/n] b]Vb}g / /f]huf/ klg lbb}g . zf]ifs / zf;sn]

;xof]u ul/b]g n . a? tFnfO{ kl5 sdfP/ ltl/ lbpFnf . To;kl5 ;fyLn] klg x'G5 eGof] . cflv/ ;fyL eg]s} o:t} ;fx|f] ufx|f] k/]sf] a]nfdf t xf] lg . ^–& lbgsf] xf/fxf/Ldf d nfO;]G; agfpgsf] nflu kmd{ eg{ uPF . Ps dlxgfkZrft uf8Lsf] 6«fon lbg ltgs'g] tkm{ nfu]+ . d}n] 6«fon klg /fd|f];Fu g} lbPF / lnlvtdf klg kf; ePF . s]xL lbg;Dd ;fyLs} sf]7fdf al;/x]+ .

Ps dlxgf kl5 nfO;]G; lng uPF . aNn aNn nfO;]G; t b'Mv u/L agfOof] . ca afFsL uf8L vf]h/] rnfpg' kg{] lyof] . uf8L gkfpGh]n d ;fyLs} uf8Ldf lxFl8/x]+ . To;sf] @ dlxgf kZrft eQmk'/df rNg] a'n/] f] e]§fPF / rnfpg yfn]+ . uf8L rnfpg yfn]kl5 ;'o{ ljgfos eGg] 7fpFdf sf]7f lnP/ a:g yfn]+ . lg/Gt/ d uf8L rnfpg yfn]+ . clg ;f]Rg] uy{] f]

pgsf]] kl/jf/ cfP/ dnfO{ eGg yfn] ltdLn] xfdLnfO{ s]xL k};f lbof} eg] xfdL d'2f lkmtf{ lnG5f}+ . 5f]/L r]nLsf] zl// lnnfdL u/]/ k};fsf] lglDt xb};Dd lug{] s:tf cleefjs /x]5g\ . cfkm\gf] OHht k};fdf ljqmL ug{] gf/Lx?nfO{ s] eGg] < s;/L ;Ddfg ug{] < k|x/Ln] h] h] eG5 Tof] x}g eGbf klg d}n] ;'v kfO{g . s;/L laTof] yfxf ePg . ha d ae'mg\] / k9g\ hfg] ePF ta d/]f] aa'f cfdfn] ufps F } ;/sf/L :sn"df egf{ ul/lbge'of] . d eGbf cl3 hGdg' ePsf lbbL / bfh' klg ljBfno hfg' xG'Yof] . k9fOd{f d /fdf|] xbF'} uPF . aa'f uf8Ldf z?'df ;x rfnssf] sfd ug'{ xbF'f] /x5] . nfdf] ;do kl5sf] ;x rfnssf] cge'jn] rfns aGg' eP5 . aa'fsf] cfDbfgLn] 3/ vr{ bl]v xfdf|] k9fO{ vr{ ku's ] f] lyof] . aa'fsf] dx]gtn] xfdLnfO{ vfg nfpgsf] sdL lyPg . dn}] k9fOn{fO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO{ /x+] . hLjgsf] Pp6} nIo lyof] k9fO{nfO{ k"/f u/]/ a'af cfdfsf] lglDt c;n 5f]/f eP/ 3/sf] lhDd]jf/L ;DxfNg] . cWoogdf lnKt ePF . lzIff g} eujfgsf] 1fg pkb]z xf] sd{ k'0o k|fKt 5 lzIffdf g} v} sxfF 5 / lzIffsf] 1fg eGbf 7"nf] of] hutdf ;j{1f kfOG5 lzIffdf . s;} dfly slxNo} s'ljrf/ /flvgF . s;}nfO{ x]Kg'k5{, s;}nfO{ bafpg'k5{ / s;}dfly zf]if0f ug{'k5{ eGg] ;f]r klg d]/f] lbdfudf cfPg . d}n] h] s'/f hfGof lyPF Tolx s'/f c?nfO{ lbg' k5{ eGg] ;f]r ddf lyof] . lxhf] klg To:t} eof] cfh klg To:t} 5 . lbgx? laTb} uP . d * sIffdf k'u]+ . k9fO{ lgs} /fd|f] g} lyof] . lj:tf/} d]/f]

el/Psf] b]zdf v} slxn] g]kfnL hgtfx?n] zflGtsf] ;f; km]g{ kfpnfg\ < ul/a t ul/a g} eP clg wgL hlt emg Tolx ul/anfO{ bafP/ dfly k'u] . k9fO{ 5f]8L a'af ePsf] 7fpFdf uPF . a'afn] dnfO{ ufnL ug{'eof] . a'afnfO{ eg] d k9\lbgF . tkfO{;Fu} uf8Ldf sfd ug{ rfxG5' . d}n] k9]/ s]xL klg ug{ ;lSbgF / k9\lbgF . a'af l/;fpg' eof] . a'af l/;fPsf] b]v]s] lyO{g d}n] . a'afn] cfkm';Fu} gcfpg eg]kl5 3/ gkm{lsg] lgwf] u/]+ . a'afnfO{ ;d]t gegL d}n] eQk'/df cfP/ sfd ug{ yfn]+ . eQk'/ cfP s} lbg d]/f] klxnf b]lv g} lrgfhfgL u/]sf] uf8L rnfpg] ;fyL ;'lgn;Fu e]6 eof] . d}n] ;fyLnfO{ cfkm\gf] oyfy{ ;a} s'/fx? atfO{ lbPF . To; kl5 cldtn] dnfO{ cfkm\g} uf8Ldf ;Fu} lnP/ lxF8\g yfNof] . cfh eGbf ef]ln ef]ln eGbf k;L{ d}n] ;'lgnn] rnfPsf] uf8L rnfpg hflg;s]sf] lyPF . d}n] /fd|f];Fu uf8L rnfpg hflg ;s]kl5 ;'lgnnfO{ ;f]w] . uf8L rnfpg klg hflgof] ca s] ug{'knf{ < ;'lgnn] eGof] s] x'g' lg ca nfO;]G; agfpg] clg d h:t} uf8L rnfpg] . d}n] ;'lgnnfO{ g} eg] . tFnfO{ d]/f] af/]df ;a} oyfy{ yfxf 5 dnfO{ a'afn] nfO;]G; agfpg] k};f lbg'x'Gg . To;}n] clxn]sf] nflu tF

hLGbuLsf] nIo ;fgf] xf];\ of 7"nf] cflv/ To; nIonfO{ k"/f ug{' d]/f] st{Jo xf] . hLjgsf] ;'gf}nf] af6f] sf]g{ cfkm\gf] nIo / lxDdt rflxFbf] /x]5 . cfh d}n] k"/f u/]+ . ;fob ;fgf] 5Fbfsf] kn xf];\ of 7"nf] 5Fbfsf] If0f cflv/ hLjg eg]s} ;+3if{ /x]5 . lj:tf/} hLjgsf] ;'v / b'Mv lgofNb} uPF . cfkm\gf] nIonfO{ lj:tf/} r'Db} uPF . lj:tf/} d]/f] hLGbuLsf] ;+3if{x? a9\b} uP . ;+3if{df e]l6Psf hLjgsf x/]s b'Mvx?nfO{ ;fyL agfpFb} uP . lbgrof{ rNb} uof] . hlt lbg dlxgf lat] klg slxNo} 3/ uOgF . a'afsf] 8/ nfUYof] . a'afsf] cfb]znfO{ kfngf gu/L d cfkm} ;+3if{ ug{ lg:s]sf] lyPF . To;}n] d 3/ hfFlbg lyPF . Ps lbg d]/} ufpFdf hfg'kg{] l6k cfof] . ;fob d hflbgF lyPF xf]nf . t/ s] ug{' d]/f] nIo d]/f] sd{ olx k};f lyof] . To;}n] d l6k lnP/ ufpFdf uPF . z'?df 8/ clg uj{ b'a} lyof] . d ;Fu} k9]sf ;fyLx? a]/f]huf/ lyP . ;fdfGo cIf/ lrg]s} sf/0f d}n] nfO{;]G; agfpg ;s]+ . ufpFdf uPsf] klxnf] l6k lnP/ a'afcfdf ePsf] 7fpFdf k'u]+ . a'afn] Tolx klxnfs} gk9]sf] l/;n] ubf{ km]/L klg ufnL ug{ yfNg'eof] . ;f]r]sf] lyPF w]/} jif{sf] cGt/fndf a'af cfdfnfO{ e]6]sf] 5'

dnfO{ b]Vg] lalQs} a'af xif{n] v'zL x'g'x'G5 t/ cfh klg a'afn] dnfO{ ufnL ul/ g} /xg' x'G5 . To; kl5 d 3/ leq gl5/L eQmk'/ tkm{ nfu]+ . x'g t s;sf] a'afcfdfn] cfkm\gf] ;Gtfg lalu|of]; eGg] rfxG5 / < d]/f] a'afn] eGg' ePsf] klg l7s} lyof] . t/ a'afsf] ;f]rnfO{ d}n] k"/f gu/] klg d a'afnfO{ d]/f] sf/0fn] slxNo} b'MvL agfpg] lyO{g . uf8L rnfPsf] #–$ jif{ lalt;s]sf] lyof] . lj:tf/} 7"nf] uf8L rnfpg yfn]+ . l6k/ rnfpg yfn]+ . hLjgdf PSsf;L sfnf] cf}+;Lsf] /ftn] 5fof] . cfsfz cfP/ lyr] ;/L eof] . lbpF;} /ft k/]em} eof] . Pp6f ;f]Rb} g;f]r]sf] / sNkgf ;d]t gu/]sf] Pp6f sxfnLnfUbf] 36gfsf] bf]ifLsf] cf/f]ksf] lzsf/ aGg k'u]+ . @)^& ;fn df3 !# sfn9'u+ faf6 lu6L lnP/ sf7df8f}t+ km{ cfO/x]sf] lyPF . Pp6f o'jtLn] xft lbOg\ / cfkm\gf] 3/ ledvf]/L ePsf] atfO{g\ . ;8sdf cnkq k/]sf] AolQmnfO{ uGtAo;Dd k'¥ofO{ lbg] c;n lgotn] d}n] pgnfO{ uf8Ldf r9fPF . pgL es'08]df cf]ln{g . d}n] ag]kf lx8]sf] AolQm cfwfaf6f]df lsg cf]ln{Psf] eGb} k|Zg u/]+ . pgn] lkml;Ss xfF:b} To:t} k¥of] dfO{G8 gug{' x} eGb} afO{afO{ ul/g\ . s:tf] dfG5] xf]nf eGb} d}n] dgdg} ;f]lr/x]sf] lyPF . huft] k|x/L rf}sLdf k'Ub} lyPF . r]lsËdf # hgf k|x/Lx?n] d]/f] uf8L /f]s] . tkfO{ g} xf] xfdLn] vf]hs ] f] dfG5] eGb} uf8L ;fO{8 nufpg nufP . tkfO{sf] gfddf eQmk'/ lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nodf ph'/L k/]sf] 5 . tkfO{ xfdL;Fu clxn] g} hfg' kg{]5 eg] . lsg < s] eof] / < k|x/Ln] g]kfnL sfuh b]vfpFb} ;f]w] ledvf]/L 3/ ePsL Pp6L o'jtLnfO{ PSnf] cj:yf kf/]/ ha/h:tL gfhfoh ;DaGw /fv]sf] cf/f]kdf tkfO{nfO{ kqmfp ul/Psf] xf] . k|x/Lx?nfO{ of] ;a em'6f] xf] cfkm'nfO{ km;fpg vf]h]sf] s'/f atfPF . d lgbf{]if 5' . d]/f] s]xL uNtL 5}g . /f]PF . s/fPF . d]/f] lgbf{]ifL k'sf/ ToxfF s;}n] klg ;'lg lbPgg\ . y'g'jf sf]7fdf nlu y'lglbP . gf/Ls} ckjfb nufO{ lbP/ l/;sf] cfj]udf AolQmx?nfO{ h]ndf nu]/ sf]lrlbP e}xfNof] lg < s] g} ug{'kg{] /x]5 / < b'O{ yf]kf cfFz' tktk emfb{} al;/x]+ . k'?ifx?nfO{ h:t} gf/LnfO{ cg';Gwfg u/]/ unt ph'/L lbPsf] k|df0fLt eP kl5 ;fob xfdL h:tf lgbf]{ifx? ahf/df laSg] rl/qxLg gf/Lsf] l;sf/ aGg] lyPgf}+ xf]nf < x/]s lbg knkn /f]P/ a;]+ . pgsf]]

kl/jf/ cfP/ dnfO{ eGg yfn] ltdLn] xfdLnfO{ s]xL k};f lbof} eg] xfdL d'2f lkmtf{ lnG5f}+ . 5f]/L r]nLsf] zl// lnnfdL u/]/ k};fsf] lglDt xb};Dd lug{] s:tf cleefjs /x]5g\ . cfkm\gf] OHht k};fdf ljqmL ug{] gf/Lx?nfO{ s] eGg] < s;/L ;Ddfg ug{] < k|x/Ln] h] h] eG5 Tof] x}g eGbf klg d}n] ;'v kfO{g . Psflt/ plgx? k};f dfU5g csf{]lt/ d'2f btf{ u5{g . vfPsf] ljif kf] nfU5 gf/Lx?sf] cuf8L t gvfPsf] ljif klg nfUbf] /x]5 . of] t k'/fg} sfg'g x'Fb}sf] kL8f xf] . gofF sfg'g cfPkl5 o:tf w]/} kL8fx? k'?ifx?n] ef]Ug' kg{5 ] . bof ug{' kfk eP5 . k};fs} sf/0f d}n] Gofo kfpg ;lsg eGg] d]/f] 7x/ eof] . cflw eGbf w]/} gful/sx? cfh sdfP/ cfh} vfg' kg{] cj:yfsf 5g\ . sfg'gn] To:t}nfO{ h]n xfn]/ k'?iffy{ b]vfpFb} uPsf] 5 . ljr/f k|x/Ln] klg s] u?g . gf/Lx?n] eg]sf] dfg]g eg] gf/L lj/f]wLsf] cf/f]k v]Kb} hflu/af6 xft w'g' kg{] cj:yf cfpg ;S5 . cfkm\gf] x'FbfvfFbfsf] hflu/ lnnfdLdf /fv]/ s;}n] sf]lx k'?ifsf nflu l/; df]Ng tof/ x'G5 / < eQk'/ lhNnfsf GofofwLzn] !) jif{ s}b tf]s] kl5 dnfO{ nluof] sf7df8f} . sf7df8f}df s]lx ;do /fv]kl5 dnfO{ sfe|]df k7fO{of] . sfe|]af6 km]/L cfkm\g} lhNnf bf]nvf nluof] . e'sDkdf h]n elTsP/ xfdL s]lx ;do 8/} 8/df afFRof}+ . hLGbuLsf x/]s af6f]df ;+3if{ u/]sf] AolQm, h;n] cfkm\gf] v'§fdf pleg l;sfO{ /x\of] . Tolx AolQm lhpFb} d/]t'No eP/ cfkm\gf] cGhfgL s}b s6fO{ /x]sf] 5 . sfg'gn] b'O{tkmL{ lg:kIf 9Ën] cg';Gwfg u/]g eg] cfh lgbf{]ifL d h]n k/]+ eg] ef]ln d h:t} nfvf}+ o'jfx? o:t} sdhf]/ rl/q af]s]sf gf/Lsf] l;sf/ alg h]n hLjg latfpg afWo x'g' kg{]5 . k'?ifx?n] gf/L dfly anfTsf/ ul//x]sf 5g\ . t/ of] unt xf] . rl/qxLg gf/Lx?n] /fHonfO{ g} anfTs[tsf] af6f] dfkm{t cfDbfgLsf] >f]t agfO{ /x]sf 5g\ . sfldl;+ l;+tfg bf]nvf -of] syf cfh ljxLjf/ a]n'sf * ah]sf] :yfgLo ;dfrf/kl5 b]j/fh a8fnsf] ;fydf k|fO{d PkmPd !)$=% d]ufxh{df ;'Gg ;Sg'x'g]5 ._

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Siddhartha Vanasthali Institute

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Panauti-8, Malpi

Wanted 1. Position : English and Social Teacher-1 Qualification : Bachelor 's Degree or equivalent 2. Position : Counsellor -1 Qualification : Bachelor's Degree or equivalent 3. Position : Security Guard Qualification : S.L.C./ S.E.E passed, Ex-army or police preferred Salary : Negotiable Proposal for running canteen at SVI from Premises in Panauti please quote your price and menu.

Contact: 011-440407, 441080, 9851205915, 9841205915 email: sviconnection@gmail.com

"Inflame your mind with quality education"

Admission Open for

BBS

(4 yrs Programme) (Fully English Medium)

Banepa

Siddhartha College

Form Distribution : 6:30am-3:30PM)

Banepa-8, Kavre, Phone: 011-661110

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