issue_44

x'=b=g+=)#.)%(.)^), sf=k=lh=b=g+= )!.)%).)%!, sfe|]

If]qLo :t/sf] ‘s’ >]0fLsf] ;fKtflxs

>Ldfg cbfntdf, >LdtL cs{} w'gdf

@$ cf}+ jif{ c;n ;dfh lgdf{0fsf nflu ;To ;dfrf/sf] ;Dk|]if0f

CHESHTA WEEKLY jif{ @$ c+s $$ @)&% ebf} !$ ut] ljxLjf/ (Thursday, 30

th

Aug 2018) g]kfn

;+jt\ !!#*, d"No ?= %. -pkTosfsf] nflu ?= &_ k]h *±^ www.cheshtaweekly.com.np

kb gx'Fb} u'?, ljBfnodf v'?v'? lo x'g\ b/aGbL ljgfsf @$ lzIfs df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf w'lnv]n, sfe|] lzIfs ;?jf ubf{ ePsf] clgoldttf, b/jGbL g} gePsf lzIfsx?sf] ljj/0f / lhNnfsf] kl5Nnf] z}lIfs ultljlwsf af/]df cWoog ug{ ul7t ;ldltn] lbPsf] k|ltj]bg sfof{Gjog ubf{ hf] rf]/ p;s} 7'nf] :j/ kfl/Psf] 5 . *! hgf lzIfssf] sfh ;?jf vf/]h;Fu} sfo{bnnn] lbPsf] k|lta]bg sfof{Gjog ug{ sfo{bns} ;b:on] r'gf}tL lbPsf 5g\ . b/jGbL g} gePsf @@ lzIfsnfO{ lgo'lQm u/L clgoldttf u/]sf] lzIff sfof{no / tTsflng lzIff clwsf/L 8f= lbk]Gb| u'?Ësf st{t' x? n'sfpg g]kfnL sf+u;]| lgs6 lzIfsx? 1fkgkq tyf dfp kf6L{ g]kfnL sf+u;]| sf] u'xf/df k'us ] f] 5 . sfo{bndf a:g], clgoldttfsf af/]df k|ltj]bg tof/ ug{], a}7sdf hfg] ;xeflutf hgfpg], e]nfdf a:g] pkl:yt eP/ unt s'/fsf] lj/f]w ug{] t/ nfenfO{ krfpg 1fkgkq a'emfpg lzIfsx?sf] 4}B rl/q lj?4 :yfgLo ;/sf/x? vlgPsf 5g\ . lgod eGbf aflx/ /x]sf ;a} lzIfsx?sf] b/jGbL vf/]h ug{] / sfh ;?jf lkmtf{ u/fpg ;/sf/ k|d'vx? b[9 /xg] lg0f{o u/]sf 5g\ . tna vfP/ unt sfdnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ cfGbf]ng ug{] lzIfsx?nfO{ sf/jfxL ug{] ;/sf/sf

k|ltlglwx?n] atfPsf 5g\ . …sfe|] lhNnfdf b]lvPsf] lzIfs Joj:yfkgut ;d:ofÚ ljifos cWoog k|ltj]bg lzIff ;ldltdf a'emfO{Psf] 5 . sfo{bndf zfvf clws[t ;'/G] b|k;| fb e6\6 ;+of]hs /x]sf 5g\ eg] lzIfs dxf;+3 cWoIf cflZjg k|;fb rf}nfufO{,+ ;fdflhs ljsf; clws[t ;lagf zdf{ clwsf/L, ljBfno lg/LIfs ef]hs'df/ 7s'/L ;b:o / k|fljlws ;xfos b]jLk|;fb bfxfn ;b:o ;lrj /x]sf lyP . pQm sfo{bnn] lhNnf lzIff ;ldlt sfe|]sf] @)&% c;f/ & ut] a;]sf] a}7saf6 lhNnfdf lzIfs Joj:yfkgsf ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu cfjZos tYofª\s ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg k]; ug{] u/L lhDd]jf/L k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . ul7t sfo{bnn] ;|f]t JolSt, ljBfno lg/LIfs / ;|f]t s]Gb| tyf sfof{nodf eP ;Ddsf clen]vsf cfwf/df tYofª\s ;ª\sng / ljZn]if0f u/L k|ltj]bg tof/ u/]sf] lyof] . ;f]lx qmddf gofF cg'dlt uPsf ljBfnox?, @)&# kmfu'g !* eGbf kl5 sfhdf vl6Psf lzIfsx?, lagf b/aGbL sfhdf vl6Psf lzIfsx? nufot k|fKt eP;Ddsf ;"rgfx? ;+nUg u/L k|ltj]bg a'emfO{Psf] lyof] .

5fgljgsf s|ddf gofF cg'dlt uPsf ljBfnox? k|flj tkm{ dxfFsfn lgdflj 7"nf]kz]{n, xl/l;l4 k|flj uf]s'n], /fxt,

e}/j]Zj/ lgdflj kmf]lS;ª6f/, hgsNof0f k|flj kmf]lS;ª6f/, jgsfnL k|flj kmf]lS;ª6f/, jfnsNof0f k|flj uf]s'n], u|fdf]GgtL dflj a'9fvfgL, led]Zj/ dflj ledvf]/L -dxfsfnL k|flj £ofª8f8f ledvf]/L, dxfef/t k|flj lzv/cfDjf] 6 ] , ;/:jtL k| f lj lzv/cfDjf]6], l;4fy{ k|flj lz;fvfgL, 7fs'/:yfg k|flj l;kfnL, rDkfb]jL k|flj l;kfnL, e'd]:yfg k|flj vfkf{r]s, u8'nb]jL k|f lj dxfef/t, wgnIdL k|f=lj=a]yfGrf]s / k~rsGof cf=lj= ;:o'F{vs{ ePsf] k|ltj]bg a'emfPsf] lyof] . To:t} lg=df=lj=tkm{sf a9L b/aGbL ePsf ljBfnox?df z+v]Zj/ dxfnIdL df=lj= yk !, dx]Gb| df=lj= ;fFuf yk !, cfhfb dflj= ag]kf ! yk, hgsNof0f dfWolds ljBfno 3lt{5fk ! b/aGbL /x]sf 5g\ .

To:t} lagf b/aGbLdf cg'dlt lbOPsf ljBfnox?df dxfFsfn df=lj 7'nf] k;]{naf6 lg=df=/fxt sf]6fdf sfo{/t s'n axfb'/ tfdfªnfO{ b/aGbL;lxt hgr]tgf df=lj= ;:o'{vs{ t]dfndf ;?jf u/L dxfsfn df=lj=df k|fylds txsf] b/aGbLdf lzIfs lgo'lStsf nflu cg'dlt lbO{ wgs'df/L /fgf du/nfO{ lgo'lSt lbOPsf] / ! k|f=lj=b/aGbL a9]sf] 5 . xl/l;l4 k|f=lj= uf]s'n]af6 k|f=lz=/fxt b/aGbLdf sfo{/t nIdL nfdfnfO{ b/aGbL l/St gePsf] z+v]Zj/ dxfnIdL df=lj= z+v' w'lnv]ndf ;?jf u/L xl/l;l4 k|f=lj=uf]s'n]df lzIfs lgo'lSt ug{ cg'dlt lbO{ ! k|f=lz=

b/aGbL a9]sf] 5 . a5nfb]jL df=lj=w'lnv]n sfe|]af6 k|f=lz= cg'bfg sf]6fdf sfo{/t /l~htf Gof}kfg]nfO{ b/aGbL l/St gePsf] hgHof]lt df=lj= hgfufn ag]kfdf ;?jf u/L k|f=lz= cg'bfg b/aGbL a9]sf] 5 . e}/j]Zj/ cf=lj= kmf]lS;ª\6f/df b/aGbL gePsf] 7fpFdf k|f=lz= b/aGbLdf lzIfs lgo'lStsf nflu cg'dlt lbPsf] x'bF f ! k|f=lz= b/aGbL a9]sf] 5 . hgsNof0f k|f=lj= kmf]lS;ª\6f/af6 k|f=lz=/fxtdf sfo{/t emndfof >]i7nfO{ l/St b/aGbL gePsf] eujtL k|f=lj= vgfnyf]sdf ;?jf u/L hgsNof0f k|f=lj= kmf]lS;ª6f/df k|f=lz=/fxt sf]6fdf lzIfs lgo'lSt ug{ cg'dlt lbO{ ! /fxt b/aGbL a9]sf] 5 . z"Go b/aGbL ePsf] jgsfnL k|f=lj= kmf]lS;ª\6f/df Ps k|f=lz=b/aGbLdf lzIfs lgo'lSt ug{ cg'dlt lbO{ lzIfs lgo'lSt ePsf] / ! k|f=lz= b/aGbL a9]sf] 5 . afnsNof0f k|f=lj= uf]s'n]df l/St b/aGbL gePsf] :yfgdf lzIfs lgo'lSt ug{ cg'dlt lbO{ lzIfs lgo'lSt ePsf] / ! b/aGbL a9]sf], u|fdf]Gglt df=lj= a'9fvfgldf l/St b/aGbL gePsf] :yfgdf k|f=lz= b/aGbLdf lzIfs lgo'lSt ug{ cg'dlt lbO{ lzIfs lgo'lSt ePsf] / ! k|f=lz= b/aGbL a9]sf], z"Go b/aGbL ePsf] u9'nb]jL k|f=lj= 3tL{5fkdf ! k|f=lz=b/aGbLdf lzIfs lgo'lSt ug{ cg'dlt lbO{ ! k|f=lz= b/aGbL a9]sf], eLd]Zj/ df=lj= eLdvf]/Ldf l/St b/aGbL gePsf] afFsL @ k]hdf

NIST NIST NIST

sd{rf/L cfjZostf

NIST College ag]kfdf B.Sc CSIT / B.Sc General sf] z}lIfs ;fq @)&% sf] egf{sf] nflu cfj]bg kmf/fd ljt/0f eO/x]sf] 5 .

o; ;xsf/L ;:+yf ln=sf] nflu bx]foadfl]hdsf sdr { f/L cfjZos ePsf] xbF'f ofU]otf ku's ] f JolQmx?n] cfkmg\f] ofU]otfsf] kd|f0fkq / afof8]f6f;lxt ! xKtfleq sfofn { odf ;Dks{ /fVgx'g' cg/'fw] ul/G5 .

B.Sc. CSIT T.U. kmf/d eg{] clGtd ldlt M @)&% efb| !( ut] ;Dd T.U. k|j]z k/LIff ldlt M @)&% c;f]h ^ ut]

B.Sc. General T.U. kmf/d eg{] clGtd ldlt M @)&% sflt{s @) ut] ;Dd T.U. k|j]z k/LIff ldlt M @)&% d+l;/ * ut]

SofDk;sf] z}lIfs jftfj/0f, z'Ns, sfo{qmdsf] ;Dk"0f{ hfgsf/L tyf cGo pRr lzIffsf sfo{qmd / cfjZos Go"gtd of]Uotfsf af/]df hfgsf/Lsf nflu SofDk;df :jfut 5 .

NIST COLLEGE (T.U. Affiliated)

gofFj:tL, ag]kf–(, sfe|], kmf]g g+= )!!–^^)&(@, ^^@#%%

w' l nv] n ÷d' n ' s L P] g df >Ldltn] rfxd]f dfq} ;DjGw ljR5b] xg'] kf|jwfgnfO{ vs ' n'f] agfpbF} ;l+xtf Pg]df >Ldfgn] klg ;DjGw ljR5b]sf nflu cbfntdf ph/'L ug{ ;Sg] kf|jwfg sfofG{jog ePs} lbg wl'nvn]df klTg kLl8t >Ldfgn] ;DjGw ljR5b]sf] ph/'L btf{ u/s ] f 5g\ . ;l+xtf Pg] sfofG{jog / kf|/Desf cj;/df ze'sfdgf cfbfg kb|fg ul/Ps} lbg ebf} ! ut] dn's ' L bj]fgL-;l+xtf_ Pg] @)&$ sf] kl/R5b] #

sf] ;DjGw ljR5b] ;DjGwL dxnsf] bkmf ($-s_ / (^ gDj/ / Gof kz | f;g Pg] @)&# sf] bkmf & adfl]hd ;fljs xfS];] uflj; & 3/ eO{ xfn kfr F vfn gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ * 3/ ePsf jif{ $% sf /fde/t yfkfn] ;DjGwL ljR5b]sf] ph/'L btf{ u/fPsf lyP . kgft}L gu/kflnsf ! u/}L ufpF a:g] /fde/t yfkfsf] >LdtL jif{ #* sL cu/'+ yfkf;uF @)%) ;fn az } fv @& ut] ;fdflhs k/Dk/f cg;'f/ dflu ljjfx ePsf] lyof] . ljjfxsf] rf/ jif{ cyft{ @)%$ ;fn;Dd ;DjGw /fdf|] eP klg Tolx an]f bl]v ;DjGwdf ;d:of pTkGg ePsf] eGb} >LdtL cu+/' yfkfn] afs F L @ kh ] df

‘dfl]tofljGb’' lgoGq0fdf 5nfË ag]kf÷kmf]xf]/d}nfsf] lb3{sflng Aoj:yfkgsf] z'?jft ;Fu} ag]kf gu/kflnsfn] gu/afl;x?sf] cfFvfsf] Hof]tLnfO{ ;w} :j:y /fVg df]ltofljGb' lgoGq0f cleofgsf] z'?jft u/]sf] 5 . …xfdL gu/afl;x?sf] :jf:Yo k|lt ;r]t 5f}+Ú–gu/ k|d'v nIdL g/l;+ afb]n] eg]–…klxnf] r/0fdf cfFvfsf] df]ltof ljGb' ePsf lj/fdLx?sf] lgz'Ns zNolqmofsf] cleofg z'? u/]sf 5f}+, bf]>f] r/0fdf dlxnfx?sf] :tg / kf7]3/ SofG;/sf]

lgz'Ns zNolqmof u/fpg 5nkmndf 5f}+ .Ú gu/kflnsf leq /x]sf ;a} gful/sx?nfO{ df]ltofljGb' x'g} glbg, df]ltofljGb' ePsf gful/sx?sf nflu lgz'Ns zNolqmof u/fpg tTk/ ePsf 5f}+ . gful/sx?sf] v'zL / ;Dj[4 gu/sf] of]hgf ePsfn] To;nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ /]os ' fO{ cfFvf c:ktfn;Fu ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] 5 . /]os ' fO{ df;'gfuf cfFvf c:ktfn / ag]kf gu/kflnsf aLr ePsf] ;Demf}tf adf]lhd gu/kflnsfdf ePsf df]ltofljGb'sf lj/fdLx?nfO{ lgz'Ns zNolqmof ul/g]5 . afFsL ( k]hdf

gu/ k|d'v Aof~h'sf] ;+3df pDd]bjf/L ;j{;Ddt agfpg] k|of; g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf] 5}6f} clwa]zgdf w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf k|dv ' tyf xfnsf ;+of]hs czf]s Aof~h'sf] pDd]bjf/L btf{ x'g] ePsf] 5 . d+unaf/ z'? ePsf] clwa]zg cfh ljlxaf/ ;dfkg x'bF 5 } . cWoIfdf gu/ k|dv ' Aof~h'nfO{ ;j{;Djt agfpg] k|of; eO{/x]sf] 5 .

Aof~h' @)%$ ;fnsf] :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rgdf w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] afFsL !# k]hdf

!= kb M ahf/ kl|tlglw ;V+of M !) k?'if÷dlxnf_ ofU]otf M ±@ jf ;f] ;/x tna M *)))± cge'jLnfO{ ljzi]f kf|yldstf lbOg5] . ;Dks{ M

cUgL art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;:+yf ln= agk]f *, l;gfufn dfu,{ sfe]| kmfg] g=+ )!!–^^#%@#, ^^@&#%, (*)!!)$!$!

uf8L;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ ;fdfgx? ca Pp6} 5fgfd'lg PS;fO8 Jof6«L, 6f6f sDkgLsf] :k]o;{ kf6{;x? / MAK n'la|s]G6 nufotsf uf8L ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ ;fdfgx? xf]n;]n tyf v'b|f d"Nodf kfOG5 . cflwsfl/s ljqm]tf

df“ r08]Zj/L c6f] :k]o;{, ag]kf, tLgbf]af6f], sfe|] kmf]g g+= )!!–^^!*()

@

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

;DkfbsLo== = = = = = = = = = =

;+jfbaf6 6'+Uofpm clxn] cbfnt / k|x/L aLr h'xf/L rln/x]sf] 5 . k|x/L b]zsf ljleGg efudf ePsf cfuhgL, ad lj:kmf]6, rGbf c;'nL, wDsLx?df g]skf dfcf]jfbL ljKna ;d'xsf] ;+nUgtf /x]sf] k|df0f h'6fpg nflu/x]sf] 5 eg] ;f]lx kf6L{sf g]tf sfo{stf{x? To;sf] v08g ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;jf{]Rr cbfnt k|x/Lsf pQm k|df0fnfO{ k|df0f gdfgL l/6 bfo/ x'g] ljltSs} cbfnt lemsfpg cfb]z lbg] / 5fl8lbg] ub{} cfPsf] 5 . k|x/Ln] Ps kl5 csf{] d'2f tof/ u/L b]zsf ljleGg lhNnfdf ePsf 36gfdf ;f]lx kf6L{sf k|jQmf v8\uaxfb'/ ljZjsdf{ k|sf08nfO{ pEofO{ /x]sf] 5 . lhNnf cbfntx? Dofb yk u/L cg';Gwfg ug{ cfb]z lbG5g ;jf{]Rr cbfnt cg';Gwfg g} ug{' gkg{] cfb]z lbG5 . cg';Gwfg g} ug{' kg{] AolQmnfO{ k|x/L lsg kqmfp ul//x]sf] 5 < /fhgLlts d'2f xf] eg] /fhgLlts ;+jfbaf6 lsg xn ug{] k|of; x'Fb}g < g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]skf dfcf]jfbL ljKna ;lxtsf ljleGg /fhgLlts bn tyf ;d'xx?;Fu jftf{ ug{ ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5 . ;f]lx ;ldltn] g]skf dfcf]jfbL ljKna ;d'xn] p7fPsf /fhgLlts dfux?df ;d]t ;+jfb ul/g' k5{ . tTsflng g]skf dfcf]jfbLdf /xFbfsf ;xsdL{x?x? clxn] ;Qfsf ljleGg kbdf 5g\ . Tolta]nf p7fPsf sog d'2fx? lj:tf/} xn x'Fb} uPsf 5g\ . hgtfn] vf]h]h:tf] zf;g ;Qfsf nflu ev{/} sDo'lgi6x?sf] b'O{ ltxfO{sf] ;/sf/ u7g ePsf] 5 . k'/fgf] sd{rf/L ;+oGq, k|zf;gsf] z}nL tyf P]g sfg'gx?sf sf/0f gofF ;/sf/n] cfkm'n] rfx] h:tf] sfd ug{ ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ Tolx /km\tf/df sfd u/fpg ;/sf/n] ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . ;/sf/nfO{ c;kmn agfO{ d'n'sdf ;w} cl:y/tf sfod u/fO{ /xg] lgot k'/fgf] Aoj:yfsf] l6dnfO{ 5 . ljkIfL bnsf] Tof] wd{ g} xf] t/ sd{rf/L tGqn] ;/sf/nfO{ ;xof]u ug{' kg{]df c;xof]u ul//x]sf] ;Gb{edf g]skf dfcf]jfbL ljKna ;d'xsf s]lx ultljlw c/fhs 5g\ . AolQmsf] ;DkltdfyL wfjf af]Ng], cfuhgL ug{] / lgxTyf hgtf dfyL ad k8\sfP/ cft+lst agfpg] sfd h;n] u/] klg /fHo / gful/s lj?4 xf] . z f l G t k"0f{ ?kdf elgPsf cfGbf]ngsf sfo{qmddf ad km]nf k5{g < ;/sf/L ;Dkltdf wfjf af]lnG5 . :yfgLo ;/sf/sf k|ltlglwx?nfO{ s/ dfUg yflnG5 < Tof] s'g} a}Bflgs tl/sf xf] / < lxhf]sf] o'4df h:tf] ;a} hfoh agfpg vf]lhPsf] xf] eg] Tof] unt x'G5 . sfe|]sf] qm;/, Pg;]nsf] 6fcf]/ cfqmd0f /fhgLlts cf:yfsf cfwf/df Iflt k'¥ofO{Psf] xf] < Tof] sbd /fd|f] xf]O{g . /fHo;Fu c;xdlt 5 eg] jftf{åf/f ;d:of ;dfwfg ul/g' k5{ . km]/L klg d'n'snfO{ åGåsf] bnbndf km;fP/ k|ltlqmofjfbLx?nfO{ xfjL x'g lbg], d'n'snfO{ cl:y/ agfP/ ljsf; x'g glbg] of]hgf c;kmn agfpg' k5{ . ;/sf/n] klg kf6L{sf sfo{stf{ y'g]/ dfq} ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg b]Vg' x'Fb}g . ;jf{]Rr cbfntn] k|sf08 afx]ssf c?nfO{ 5f8\g] cfb]z lbPsf] 5}g . c? sfo{stf{x? clxn] klg h]nd} 5g\ . k|sf08 klg sf78df8f}, sfe|] kl5 g'jfsf]6 k'u]sf 5g\ . g'jfsf]6 kl5 pgnfO{ ef]hk'/ n}hfg vf]lhb}5 . hxfF hxfF k'¥ofPklg /fhgLlts dfu /fhgLlts txaf6} xn ul/g' k5{ . d'n's ca zflGt dfkm{t ;Dj[4sf] ofqfdf nDsg} k5{ .

;"rgf

z'4 vfB kbfy{sf] k|of]u u/f}+ . :j:y hLjgofkg u/f}+ . g]kfn ;/sf/ ;+rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqfno ;"rgf tyf k|;f/0f ljefu

;'grfFbLsf] ;fKtflxs ahf/ efp ;'g k|lt !) u|f= ;'g k|lt tf]nf rfFbL k|lt !) u|f= rfFbL k|lt tf]nf

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kb gx'bF =} ==========

:yfgdf k|f=lz=b/aGbLdf lzIfs lgo'lSt ug{ cg'dlt lbO{ k|f=lz=b/aGbLdf k|bLk s'df/ /fodfemL lgo'lSt ePsf] / ! k|f=lz= b/aGbL a9]sf], dxfsfnL k|flj=eLdvf]/Ldf l/St b/aGbL gePsf] :yfgdf k|f=lz=b/aGbLdf lzIfs lgo'lSt ug{ cg'dlt lbO{ k|f=lz=b/aGbLdf g/]z /fodfemL lgo'lSt ePsf] / ! k|f=lz= b/aGbL a9]sf], gf/fo0f:yfg df=lj= luDbLaf6 l/STf b/aGbL gePsf] k|eft df=lj= ;'df/f gfnf ag]kfdf k|f=lz= /fxt sf]6fdf sfo{/t lg/dfof nfdfnfO{ ;?jf u/L Ps dfq /fxt cg'bfg b/aGbL /x]sf] dxfef/t k|f=lj= lzv/cfDaf]6d] f sfo{/t lzIfs OGb|l;+x nfdfnfO{ gf/fo0f:yfg cf=lj= luDbLdf ;?jf u/L dxfef/t k|f=lj= lzv/cfDaf]6d] f b/aGbLdf lzIfs lgo'lSt ug{ cg'dlt lbPsf] / ! k|f=lz= b/aGbL a9]sf], ;/:jtL k|f=lj= lzv/cfDaf]6d] f l/St b/aGbL gePsf] :yfgdf k|f=lz=b/aGbLdf lzIfs lgo'lSt ug{ cg'dlt lbO{ k|f=lz=b/aGbLdf Zofd;'Gb/ sfsL{ lgo'lSt ePsf] / ! k|f=lz= b/aGbL a9]sf], z"Go b/aGbL ePsf] l;4fy{ k|f=lj= l;;fvfgLdf k|f=lz=b/aGbLdf lzIfs lgo'lSt ug{ cg'dlt lbO{ k|f=lz=b/aGbLdf eujfg k|;fb x'dfufO{ lgo'lSt ePsf] / ! k|f=lz= b/aGbL a9]sf] 5 .

To:t} 7fs'/:yfg k|f=lj= l;kfnLdf b/aGbL gePsf] :yfgdf k|f=lz=b/aGbLdf lzIfs lgo'lSt ug{ cg'dlt lbO{ k|f=lz=b/aGbLdf r'Das tfdfª lgo'lSt ePsf] / ! k|f=lz= b/aGbL a9]sf], rDkfb]jL k|f=lj= l;kfnLdf b/aGbL gePsf] :yfgdf k|f=lz=b/aGbLdf lzIfs lgo'lSt ug{ cg'dlt lbO{ k|f=lz=b/aGbLdf cl:dtf tfdfª lgo'lSt ePsf] / ! k|f=lz= b/aGbL a9]sf], z"Go b/aGbL ePsf] e'd]:yfg k|f=lj=l;;fvfgLdf k|f=lz=b/aGbLdf lzIfs lgo'lSt ug{ cg'dlt lbO{ k|f=lz=b/aGbLdf /fds'df/ zfxL lgo'lSt ePsf] / ! k|f=lz= b/aGbL a9]sf], sflnsf k|f=lj= e~Hofªvs{ a]yf~rf]sdf b/aGbL sfod eO{ nfdf] ;dob] l v kb axfnL gePsf k|f=lz=cfTdf/fd ;TofnnfO{ l/St gePsf] n8\s]Zj/ df=lj= g]kfg]df sfh ;?jf u/L Ps k|f=lz=b/aGbL a9]sf], wgnIdL k|f=lj= a]yfGrf]saf6 l/St gePsf] s/y/L df=lj= w'lnv]ndf k|f=lz= cg'bfg sf]6fdf sfo{/t dfof tfdfªnfO{ ;?jf u/L wgnIdL k|f=lj=df k|f=lz=b/aGbLdf /f]lhgf tfdfª lgo'lSt ePsf] / ! k|f=lz=b/aGbL a9]sf], k~rsGof cf=lj=;:o'{vs{ kmf/df b/aGbL gePsf] 7fpFdf k|f=lz= b/aGbLdf lzIfs lgo'lStsf nflu cg'dlt lbPsf] / lrq axfb'/ jfOjf lgo'St EfO{ ! k|f=lz=

cfhsf] ljrf/ ofbj yfkf rf}/df a;]/ k9\g afWo 5g\ . clg xfd|f g]tfx? oxfF dxFuf uf8L vl/b ug{, ;]jf ;'ljwf j[l4 ug{ k|lt:kwf{ ul//x]sf 5g\ . hgk|ltlglw eg]sf] ;]jfd"ns kb xf] nfesf] kb xf]Og t/ oxfF hgk|ltlglwx? vfhfvr{, oftfoft vr{, 3/ ef8f, kf]zfs vr{, j}7s eQf, pkrf/ vr{, ;+rf/ ;'ljwf nufot ljleGg jxfgfdf cfkm\gf] tx / kb cg';f/ dfl;s bzf}+ xhf/ ?k}ofF c;'nL/x]sf 5g\ . clg hgtfn] lt/]sf] s/ ltg} g]tfx?nfO{ kfNg xf], Psk6s ulDe/ eP/ ;f]rf}+ t ;a}n] . jt{dfg g]kfnsf] s/ k|0ffnLn] ;g\ !&*( sf] k|]mGrqmflGt cufl8sf] k|mfG; b]zsf] cj:yfsf] emNsf] lbPsf] 5 . qmflGt x'g' cufl8 ToxfF klg /fHon] hgtfnfO{ w]/} 7"nf] s/sf] ef/ yf]k/]sf] lyof] . O;fOx?n] rr{nfO{ bzf+z s/, e"ldkltnfO{ e"lds/, /fHonfO{ /fHos/ / k'n t/]sf] ;d]t s/ ltg{'kbf{ cfkm\gf] cfDbfgLsf] *)Ü /sd s/ ltg{ afWo lyP . To;}n] To;tfsf k|mfG;df Pp6f egfO k|rlnt lyof] "The priest pray Lords Lay and the peasants pay -kfb/Lx? k|fy{gf u5{g\ dflnsx? P];cf/fd u5{g / ls;fgx? s/ lt5{g_\ t/ xfdL sfdgf u/f}+ jt{dfg g]kfnsf zf;sx?n] Tof] cj:yf Nofpg] 5}gg\ . l5d]sL b]z kfls:tfgsf gjlgo'Qm k|wfgdGqL Od/fg vfFgn] cfkm\gf ;]jf ;'ljwfx? s6f}tL u/L b]z / hgtfsf] kIfdf nufpg] ;fxl;s pb\3f]if u/L c;n zf;ssf] ;Gb]z lbPsf 5g\ . s] jt{dfg g]kfnsf ;Qfwf/L zf;s ju{x? klg To;f] ug{] lxDdt /fV5g\ < nf}t ltdLx? klg cfkm\gf] Ps dlxgfsf] tna / j}7s eQfn] b'u{d:yfgsf s'g} b'O{ vf]nfsf] t'O{g tf/

b/aGbL a9]sf] 5 . lg=df=lj=tkm{ b/aGbL gePsf] z+vZ] j/ dxfnIdL df=lj= w'lnv]ndf u0f]z df=lj= ed/sf]6af6 xf]daxfb'/ bg'jf/ sfh ;?jf eO{ kb:yfkg ePsf], u0f]z df=lj= ed/sf]6df c/lgsf] df=lj= rf}/L b]p/fnLaf6 /fxt lzIfs ;Demgfs'df/L /fodfemL sfh ;?jf eO{ kb:yfkg ePsf] / c/lgsf] df=lj=df cg'dlt uO{ ! lg=df=lj= /fxt b/aGbL a9]sf] 5 . >L/fd df=lj=sf]zLb]vfaf6 zf]ef kf7snfO{ b/aGbL gePsf] dx]Gb| df=lj= ;fFufdf ;?jf ul/Psf] tyf zf]ef kf7s -sfe|_] / gL/f e6\6/fO -sf7df8f}_ sf lar kf/:kl/s lhNnfGt/ ;?jf u/L ! lg=df=lj= b/aGbL a9]sf], b/aGbL gePsf] cfhfb df=lj= ag]kfdf e"dLdftf df=lj= a]yf~rf]saf6 ;Ltfdfof nfdfnfO{ sfhdf ;?jf u/L kb:yfkg ul/Psf] / ! lg=df=lj= b/aGbL a9]sf] / hgsNof0f dfWolds ljBfnodf lgdf b/aGbLdf lzIfs lgo'lStsf nflu cg'dlt lbO ! b/aGbL a9]sf] 5 . unt ePsf] k|ltj]bg a'emfpg] sfo{bnsf ;b:o rf}nfufO{ g} clxn] k|ltj]bg sfof{Gjog gu/fpg cfGbf]ngdf 5g\ .

lxdHof]tLsf 5'§} s'/f

d08g b]pk'/ gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ !) df /x]sf] lxdHof]tL k|fjLdf !% ljBfyL{ ePkl5 gu/kflnsfn] pQm ljBfnosf] tx 36'jf u¥of] . cleefjs / lzIfsx? gu/kflnsfdf 8]lnu];g uP . t/ klg gu/kflnsfn] pQm ljBfnonfO{ afn ljsf; s]Gb| sfod ub{} sfo{/t lzIfsnfO{ cGoq ;?jf u/]kl5 ljBfnosf] cj:yf emg} vl:sPsf] 5 . afv|f afFWg] h:tf] vf]/ agfP/ !) hgf % jif{ d'gLsf afnaflnsfx? egf{ ul/Psf] 5 . ljBfnosf] sfof{no, ljBfyL{sf] sIff sf]7f, vfhf vfg], a:g], ;'Tg] Tolx Pp6f h:tfsf] 6x/f xf] . !% hgf x'bF f ePsf] 6x/f klg clxn] 5}g . Osf] lxdfn g]kfnn] *) nfv nufP/ vr{ u/]sf] ljBfno lgdf{0f ;lsPsf] 5}g . cleefjs / lzIfsx? eG5g\ xfd|f] sf/0f ljBfnosf] cj:yf o:tf] ePsf] xf]Og{ . cWoIf gj/fh g]kfn, o; cl3 sfo{/t hdfgl;+ tfdfª / clgtf g]kfnn] ljBfnosf] To:tf] cj:yf x'g' e'sDknfO{ lhDd]jf/L lbPsf 5g\ . e'sDkn] al:t gx'bF f afnaflnsf ePgg\ . afnaflnsf gePkl5 gu/kflnsfn] lzIfs ;?jf u¥of] . ePsf] 6x/f elTsof] . gofF ejg aGb} 5 . s]lx dlxgfnfO{ h:tf] 5 To:t}df k9fpg'sf] ljsNk 5}g . afn ljsf; s]Gb|sf] lhDd]jf/L ;f]ljtf g]kfn / ;GWof g]kfnnfO{ lbO{Psf] 5 . :yfgLo ;/sf/n] ljBfnonfO{ nyflnË agfO{ lbPsf] lzIfs / cleefjssf] u'gf;f] 5 .

sd{rf/LtGq u|l;t 5 . :yfgLo k|fb]lzs / ;+3Lo lgjf{rgdf s]lx /fd|f / k|ultzLn rl/qsf hgk|ltlglwx? lgjf{lrt ePklg ltgLx?nfO{ e|i6 :jefjsf sd{rf/Lx?n] 6]bg}{ g\ / cfkm\g} sAhfdf kfg{ vf]H5g\ . lgod;+ut 9+uaf6 x'g] ;]jfu|fxLsf ;fdfGo sfdnfO{ klg cg]s av]8f / emGem6 b]vfO{ ;]jfu|fxLx?af6 cg'lrt nfe lng] k|oTg ub{5g\ . s'gk} lg b]zdf ha;Dd e|i6 sd{rf/LtGq cof]Uo c;Ifd / cg'Q/bLo hgk|ltlglw / lbzfljxLg k+u' ;/sf/sf] xftdf zf;g ;Qfsf] afu8f]/ /xG5 ta;Dd To; b]zsf] ljsf; x'g ;Sb}g / hgtfsf] enfO{ klg x'g ;Sb}g . csf{t] km{ /fli6«o efjgfn] cf]tk|ft] ePsf] b[9 cfF6 / c7f]6 ePsf] JolQm jf /fhg}lts bn zf;g ;Qfdf k'Ubf yf]/} jif{sf] k|of;df Tof] b]zsf] cfd"n kl/jt{g ePsf 36gf / b[iox? xfdLn] ljZjsf w]/} d'ns ' x?df b]lv;s]sf 5f}+ . To;}n] s'g} /fhg}lts Joj:yf /fd|f] g/fd|f] eGg'kbf{

b]zdf clxn] ;+3 / k|b]zdf u/L ;jf;o eGbf a9L dGqL cf7;o kRrL; ;ef;b\, 8]9bh{g ;efd'v, pk;efd'v / Tolts} ;+Vofdf cGo k|zf;lgs sd{rf/Lsf] Joj:yfkg ug{'kbf{ /fli6«o ah]6sf] 7"nf] lx:;f / hgtfn] lt/]sf] s/ ltg} g]tf / sd{rf/Lsf] tna eQfdf vr{ x'g] ePkl5 b]z ljsf; s;/L x'G5 lj:yflkt u/L k'n agfp clg Psjif{ ljb]z e|d0f ug{] k};f hf]ufP/ b'u{d:yfgsf hgtfsf] nflu c:ktfn / :s"n agfP/ b]vfp t, clg ltdLx?nfO{ g]kfnL hgtfn] jfx jfx u/L wGojfb / cflzjf{b ;d]t lbg]5g\ . t/ g]kfnsf zf;sju{x?df clxn] Tof] ;b\al' 4 knfpg elg cfzf ug{' xQf/f] x'g5 ] . ;/sf/sf] s]Gb|Lo zf;gsf] afu8f]/ ;+rfng x'g] l;+xb/af/ kl/;/leqsf] c:tJo:t cj:yfn] g]kfnsf zf;sju{x?sf] Ifdtf / x}l;ot k|i6 ?kdf dfkg u/]sf] 5 . l;+xb/af/ kl/;/ leqsf] nyflnË cj:yfsf] lel8of] lSnk PleGo'h l6eLn] s]lxlbg cl3 k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] .ca sNkgf u/f}+ g]kfnsf cGo ;/sf/L sfof{no / b'ud{ lhNnfsf ;/sf/L sfof{nox?sf] cj:yf s:tf] xf]nf < g]kfnsf k|foM sd{rf/Lx? g ;dodf sfof{no k'U5g\ g t ;doe/L sfof{no a:5g\, xflh/ u/]/ 6fk 7f]Sg] clg sfof{noleq} 3'dkfg dBkfg ;]jg u/L tf; v]n/] ;do latfpg] y'k}| ;/sf/L sfof{no / sd{rf/Lx? 5g\ .

To;}u/L cfkm"nfO{ hgtfsf] ;]js xf]Og dflns 7fGg] k|jl[ Qaf6 g]kfnsf]

klg Tof] Joj:yfnfO{ ;+rfng ug{] ;f/yLx? slt ;Ifd, c;Ifd 5g\ eGg] s'/f k|dv ' xf] . g]kfndf clxn] w]/} sfnfGt/ kl5 g]kfnL hgtfx?n] cfzf / e/f];f u/]sf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] b'O{ ltxfO ax'dtsf] ;/sf/ ;Qfdf /x]sf] 5 . o;n] cfkm\gf nf]ssNof0fsf/L /fHosf] cjwf/0ff cg';f/ e6fe6 hglxtsf sfo{x? ;+rfng ub{} cl3 a9\g'k5{ . k|ltkIfn] sfd ug{ lbPg eP/ klG5g' ;/sf/sf] nfrf/L xf] . ;/sf/sf] sfdsf] lgu/fgL / lj/f]w ug{' t k|ltkIfsf] wd{ g} xf] . ;/sf/df ;fd]n ePsf / :jR5 5lj elgPsf dlGqx?df ;d]t e|i6frf/sf] uGw b]lvg ;'? ePsf] 5 . To;}n] jt{dfg ;/sf/n] a]n}df ;hu / ;ts{ eP/ cfkm\gf uNtL sdhf]/L ;RofO{ cl3 a9\g cfjZos 5 . olb of] ;/sf/n] klg ;lx ult lng g;sL c;Ifd ;fljt eof] eg] g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] 7"nf] b'ef{Uo x'g]5 / efjL ;Gtfg / Oltxf;n] xfdLnfO{ ;/fKg] 5 . clg g]kfnsf] ljsf;sf] qmd krf; jif{ k5fl8 ws]lng] 5 . t;y{ cf]nL ;/sf/ Oltxf;sf] s'g df]8 / kIfdf cfkm"nfO{ pEofpg rfxG5 ;f]lx ult / dltdf cl3 a9f];\ clxn]nfO{ olt dfq} .

>Ldfg================================= @)^$ ;fndf dfgfrfdn / cz + rng ;DjGwL d2'f btf{ u/s ] L lyOg{ . cbfntn] pgn] kf|Kt ug]{ cz + ;dt] @)&$ ;fn c;f/ & ut] sfofG{jog ul/lbPsf] 5 . lhNnf cbfntsf] km;}nf pk/ kg'/fjb]g cbfnt kf6gdf k/s ] f] d2'fdf ;dt] lhNnfs} km;}nf ;b/ u/k]l5 km;}nf sfofG{jog ePsf] lyof] . Ps 5f/]f / Ps 5f/]L ;dt] /xs ] f pQm kl/jf/df >Ldfg >LdtL aLr ;uF} ga:g,] k6s k6s >LdtLaf6 oftgf ePsf,] >Ldfg;uF @)%& ;fn bl]v ;uF} ga;s ] f] eGb} >Ldfg /fde/t yfkfn] d2'f btf{ u/s ] f] atfP . gofF Pg]n] >Ldfgn] >LdtLaf6 ePsf Aojxf/sf cfwf/df ;DjGw ljR5b]sf] ph/'L ug{ ;Sg] Aoj:yf u/s ] f] 5 . yfkf h:t} lhNnfdf >LdtLaf6 kLl8t eO{ rk'rfk a;s ] fx? yk'}| 5g\ . ebf} ! ut] >Ldfgn] >LdtL;uF 5l'§ kfpF eGg] afxs ] sf] d2'f btf{ ePg . ptf ljjfx u/s ] f] @* dlxgfdf ;?'sf sl]x lbg afxs ] clwsfz + ;do >Ldfg / 3/ kl/jf/af6 oftgf Aoxf/]s ] f] eGb} >LdtLn] aj}flxs anfTsf/df ph/'L btf{ u/fPkl5 >Ldfg yg'fdf k/s ] f 5g\ . >LdtLsf] rfxgf adfl]hd ;xjf; gu/s ] f] / hah{l:t u/s ] f] cleofu]df bfKrf vgfnyfs ] 3/ eO{ xfn gdfa]4' gu/kflnsf & ePsf oj'f ;fpg !% bl]v yg'fdf k/s ] f 5g\ . cbfntn] vgfnnfO{ kk'I{fsf nflu sf/fuf/ k7fPsf] 5 . >LdtLn] d2'f ldnfp5F' k;}f bp] egs ] L lyOg{ . ;fdfGo 6«]lsËsf] sfd ub{} 3/kl/jf/ ;d]t x]b{} cfPsf ;Gb]z vgfnnfO{ >LdtLn] ha{hl:t d'vdf lnË k;fO{ cdfgljo 9+uaf6 ;xjf; u/]sf] ph'/L lbPsL l5g\ . ljjfxsf s]lx lbg b]lv g} cfkm'nfO{ ;f;', ;;'/f / >Ldfgn] ;d]t oftgf lbg] u/]sf] pgsf] ph'/Ldf pNn]v 5 . >Ldfgn] eg] cfkm'n] To:tf] gu/L ;f;' ;;'/f;Fu ePsf] ;fdfGo ljjfbnfO{ ldnfpg

cfkm'n] s]lx ;do sf7df8f}df ;d]t ;Fu} /fv]sf], s]lx lbg pgL cfkm} kl/jf/sf] ;Nnfx ljgf dfO{tL uPsf], cfkm'v'zL sfd ul///x]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . pgs} ;xdltdf df]jfO{ndf clZnn lkmNd /fv]/ pgs} cfu|xdf ul/Psf] ;xjf;nfO{ ha{hl:t s/0fL eGb} b'v lbPsf] pgn] atfP . pgn] z'?df cfkm'nfO{ 5f8\g, 5f8\bf # nfv /sd lbg dfu u/]sf] ;Gb]zn] atfP . ;Gb]zsf () jif{sf afa' 5g\ . kfl/jf/Ls lvrnf]sf sf/0f kl/jf/s} ;xof]udf ;Gb]znfO{ lx/f;tdf /fVg] sfd ePsf] eGb} k};fsf] df]ndf]nfO{ rnfO{/x]sf] kl/jf/n] atfPsf] 5 . lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no sfe|s ] f] dlxnf ;]ndf k6s k6s 5nkmn ePsf] pQm 36gfdf ;Gb]z;Fu pgn] kl5Nnf] k6s % nfv ?k}of dfu u/]sL lyO{g\ . pgsf] tkm{af6 cfkmGtn] $ nfv ?k}of lbg] atfP klg % nfv ?k}ofaf6 Ps ?k}of klg sd gx'g] atfPkl5 pgL y'gfd} al;/x]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/afbL d'2fdf >Ldfg >LdtL aLr k};fs} n]gb]g ePklg d'2f 6'lËb}g . Tof] klg a}jflxs anfTsf/ gofF vfnsf] 36gf xf] . o;sf] cEof; ePs} 5}g eGbf klg x'G5 . sfe|]df o; cl3 kgf}tL 3/ ePsf b}jz/0f a~hf/fnfO{ klg a}jflxs anfTsf/df d'2f btf{ ul/Psf] lyof] pgL s]lx ;do h]n a;]/ 5'6]sf lyP . ;Gb]znfO{ clxn] !) nfv ?k}of lbP d'2f lkmtf{ lnG5' eGb} afu{]lgË ul/Psf] 5 . ;xdltdf ;xjf; x'g] / kl5 anfTsf/ x'g] cGo 36gfdf b]lvP klg >Ldfg >LdtLdf lyPg . gofF sfg'g gcfpFb} >LdtLx? >LdfgnfO{ dg gk/]s} sf/0f a}jflxs anfTsf/df h]n k7fpg] 36gfdf ;+nUg x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . ha{hl:t s/0fL, ha{hl:t s/0fL pBf]u / cfzo s/0fLdf y'k}| AolQmx? kqmfp k/]sf 5g\ . >LdtL;Fusf] a}jflxs anfTsf/df eg] ev{/} d'2fx? btf{ x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . >Ldfgn] >LdtL;Fu ;DjGw ljR5]bsf d'2f btf{ ug{] >LdtLn] j}jflxs anfTsf/sf d'2f btf{ ug{] 36fgn] ;dfhnfO{ stf k'¥ofpnf <

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lhNnf v]ns'b ljsf; ;ldlt tyf ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ ^, sfe|] hGd, afNosfn, cf}krfl/s lzIffM @)@* ;fn a}zfv @$ ut] z'qmaf/ tTsflng ag]kf gu/ k~rfot !! gDj/ j8f vqL ufpFdf a'af wgaxfb'/ s];L / cfdf nf]sdfof s];Lsf] tLg efO{ 5f]/f dWo] sfG5f] 5f]/fsf ?kdf d]/f] hGd eof] . rf/ jif{sf] pd]/ x'Fbf a'af ljTg' eof] . a'afaf6 k|fKt ug{' kg{] dfof d}n] kfpg ;lsg . a'afsf] lgwg kl5 cfly{s cj:yfn] kl/jf/ sdhf]/ eof] . ;/sf/L sfddf x'g'x'GYof] a'af . cfocfh{g aGb eof] . dWod kl/jf/sf] eP klg s[lif k]zfaf6 afx]s cGo If]qaf6 cfDbfgL lyPg . g'g b]lv ;'g;Dd, x/]s If]qdf s[lifs} cfDbfgL af6 wfGg'kg{] eP kl5 c;fWo} sl7g lyof] . bfO{x? cNnf/] pd]/s} x'g'xGYof] . cfdfn] klg pd]/d} ;fyL u'dfpg' eof] . Tof] c;fWo} kL8fsf] cj:yf lyof] . bfO{x?sf] cWoog lg/Gt/ lyof] . dnfO{ klg lg/Gt/ ljBfno k7fO{Psf] lyof] . lgz'Ns k9\g] cj:yf lyPg . z'Ns lt/]/ k9\g] jftfj/0f ag]g . ag]kf gu/ k~rfotdf 8f= ;'/]Gb| axfb'/ afb] / pkk|wfgk~r k"0f{sfhL sfoZy x'g'x'GYof] . sIff & df cWoog ug{] a]nf d}n] lgz'Ns k9\g kfpF eg]/ lgj]bg lbPF . pkk|wfgk~r sfoZyn] dnfO{ kq n]lvlbPs} sf/0f w'lnv]ndf /x]sf] ;l~hjgL dfljdf uP/ egf{ ePF . k9fO{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPF . pxfFn] Tof]] l;kmfl/; gu/]sf] eP ;fob d}n] cWoognfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg ;lSbg lyPF . ;fyLx?sf] aLr d clns g]t[Tj lng] :jefjsf] lyPF . ufpF / zx/ aLr leGgtf lyof] . ufpF / zx/ aLr e]b lyof] . ljBfyL{x?sf aLr x]Kg] qmd klg lyof] . d slxNo} em'lsg . :jfledfg x'g' k5{ eGg] :jefjn] dnfO{ cuf8L a9fO{ /x\of] . dnfO{ ;fyLx?sf] ;d'xn] To;sf] cu'jfO{ dflg/x]sf] lyof] . eQ]Zj/ k|fljaf6 s v l;s]/ xfdL w'lnv]n uPsf lyof}+ . ag]kfdf cfhfb dfjL eP klg xfdL w'lnv]ndf hfg'sf] sf/0f h]l6Pdf cWoog lyof] . Tof] ljifo k9]/ P;Pn;L kf; x'g] ljltSs} hflu/ vfg kfO{GYof] . xfkm sIff / Ps sIff lyof] . xfkm sIff gk9L Ps sIff k9\g kfO{bg} lyof] . 3/ kl/jf/af6 vf;} rf;f] geP klg d ljBfno hfg] u/]sf] lyPF . bfO{n] lnPsf] lstfj af]s]/ ljBfno uPF . Ps sIffdf egf{ ePF . sIff # ;Ddsf] cWoog ;s]/ sIff $ df w'lnv]n uPF . Tof] a]nf;Dd d k|yd x'g] u/]sf] lyPF . w'lnv]n uPkl5 cWoogdf s]lx sdL cfof] . cWofkgsf nflu hldg a]Rg] s'/f lyPg . s[lifaf6 cfPsf] ;a} k};fn] wfGg d'l:sn lyof] . t/ klg cfdfn] dnfO{ ljBfno k7fO{ /xg' ePsf] lyof] . d}n] slxNo} ;a} ljifosf] cnu cnu sflkdf u[xsfo{ ug{ kfO{g . lstfj klg To:t} lyof] . u[xsfo{ gu/]sf] eGb} w]/} k6s s'6fO{ vfPF . ;a} ljifosf] Pp6}df u[xsfo{ u/]/ a'emfpFbf :jefljs lyof] . sIffdf cuf8L uP/ sfg ;dfP/ p7a; ug{], s'6fO{ vfg] s'/f ;fdfGo lyof] . ls k9fO{ 5f8\g' kb{Yof] . ls h:tf] eP klg cWoog ug{' kb{Yof] . s'6fO{ vfg] lzIfsx?sf] ljifo /fd|f];Fu u/]/ hfGy]+ . c?nfO{ afWotf / ;f]emf]kgsf] kmfO{bf p7fpFbf lzIfsx?nfO{ u[xsfo{ g} a'emfpg] u/]sf lyPgf}+ . cWoogsf nflu jftfj/0f ;xh ePg . 3/df cfP/ cWoog ug{] ;do klg sd lyof] . lgoldt ljBfno hfg] u/]sf] lyPF . ljBfno 5f8]/ efluPg . slxn] sfFlx ;fyLx? aLr sfkmn vfg hfFbf Ps b'Oj{ 6f sIff 5fl8GYof] . ljBfno g} guPsf] eg] cj:yf /x]g . ljbfsf] ;dodf ufO{sf] uf]7fnf] hfg], 3/df ePsf c? sfd ug{] ul/GYof] . ljBfno hLjgdf c;fWo} cefjsf] dx;'; eof] . a'8f]nsf] psfnf] w]/} cUnf] lyof] . uf8L hfFbf em'l08P/ hfg] u/]sf lyof}+ . ;fyLx? vfhf vfgf hfFbf y's lgNb} a:g' kb{Yof] . ljxfg vfgf vfP/ uP kl5 a]n'sf Ps} k6s vfgf 3/df cfP/ vfg] ul/GYof] . ljBfnoaf6 kms{Fbf s'6'nL sf];f vfg], df;sf u]8fx? vfg] To:tf] x'GYof] . ef]s} eP klg xfdLn] s;}nfO{ s]lx eg]gf}+ . 3/df cfdfsf] slxNo} s'6fO{ vfO{g . ;fg} b]lv cfdfn] dfof ug{' eof] . dnfO{ vfgfdf klg ljz]if Wofg lbg' x'GYof] . ljxfg a]n'sf ufO{ b'x'g] a]nf d Ps dfgf] b'w b'x'Fbf b'x'Fb} lkmhF ;Fu} sfFr} vfO{ lbGy]+ . 5f]/f] lg/f]uL / alnof] agfpg] pxfFsf] ;kgfdf vfgkfgnfO{ ljz]if Wofg lbg' x'GYof] . bfO{x?n] slxn] sfFlx s'6\g' ePsf] 5 . cfdfn] slxNo} s'6\g' ePg . d}n] slxNo} nfdf] xft ul/g . cfdf;Fu h] 5 Tof] cfkm\g} xf] h:tf] nfUYof] . cfdfsf] kf]N6fdf /x]sf] yf]/} /sd klg lgsfNg' k5{ h:tf] nfu]g . rf]g{], km6fxf aGg] sfd cfpFb} cfPg . g}ltsjfg AolQm aGg' k5{ eGg] nflu /x\of] . sIff ( df cWoog ubf{ dnfO{ ljjfxsf] k|:tfj cfof] . d}n] dflgg . sIff !) df ljjfx eof] . ljBfnodf nfhn] e't'Ss} x'Gy]+ . ufpFaf6 ljBfno hfg] ;fyLx?nfO{ ;s];Dd geGg eg]sf] lyPF . t/ ;fnf] sIff & df cWoog ug{] d ( df ePsfn] klg yfxf x'GYof] . sIff !) df cWoog ubf{ dnfO{ bfO{x?n] cnUu} /flvlbg' eof] . To;sf/0f k9fO{nfO{ dxTj lbg ;lsg . P;Pn;L lbFbf tgfj} tgfjsf afah't klg d}n] @)$$ ;fndf P;Pn;L t]>f] >]0fLdf kf; u/]+ . d lhl2 :jefjsf] lyPF . cltl/Qm s[ofsnfkdf efu lng] u/]sf] lyPF . u'Rrf v]Ng] afgL g} lyof] . ljBfnoaf6 3/ kmls{Pkl5 v]n]/ a:g] rng g} lyof] . elnan, km'6an, bf}8 k|ltof]lutf x'Gy] . To;n] dnfO{ kl5 ;xof]u klg u/fof] . ljBfno :t/Lo bf}8 k|ltof]lutfdf t]>f] ePsf] lyPF . klxnf], bf]>f] cfdL{sf dfG5] ePsf lyP eg] t]>f] d ePF . rf}yf] klg cfdL{s} dfG5] eP . dnfO{ cfkm'n] u/]sf] sfd / g]t[Tj ;Dxfln/xg' k5{ h:tf] nfUYof] . To;nfO{ k'/f u/]/} 5f8\y]+ .

P;P;nL plQ0f{ kl5M P;Pn;L kf; ePkl5 /f]lsPsf] cWoog SofDk; hfg] ;kgfnfO{ hflu/sf] hLjgdf lg/Gt/tf lbPF . sfe|] SofDk; ag]kfsf] cfhfb dfjLdf lyof] . s]lx lbg SofDk; uPF egf{ eP/ cWoog ug{ ;lsg . kl5 k|fO{e]6 lbP/ cfO{P kf; u/]+ . P;Pn;L lbP/ ljrdf v]t vGg], sfd ug{] / cfkm'nfO{ nfu]sf] C0fsf] ef/af6 d'Qm x'g] eGg] of]hgf eof] . kf; x'Fbf v'zL hlt ePF b'vL klg Tolt g} ePF . lsgsL a'af cfdfsf] dfofdf cfkm'n] cWoog ug{ kfPsf] eP ;fob hLjg s:tf] x'GYof] xf]nf < ufpFdf hlt sfd u/] klg k};f sdfpg] s'/f lyPg . cltl/Qm s[ofsnfk, zfl//Ls ?kdf ePsf] d]/f] ;antfn] g]kfnL ;]gfdf hflu/ vfg] ;f]r klxnf b]lv g} lyof] . g]kfnL ;]gfsf] l;kfxL dnfO{ c;fWo} dg kb{Yof] . klxnf] k6s uPF . km]n ePF . bf]>f] k6s uPF km]n ePF . t]>f] k6s uPF plt{0f ePF . lg/Gt/tsf] cEof;n] dnfO{ s'g} klg xfntdf 5gf}6 ug{'sf] ljsNk lyPg . ;]gfdf hflu/ vfg ljxfg $ ah] p7]/ w'lnv]nsf] 6'Fl8v]n 3'd]/ 3/ kmls{Gy]+ . tTsfnsf nflu dnfO{ eQm]Zj/ k|fljdf lzIfs kb vfnL x'Fb} lyof] . d klg P;Pn;L kf; ePsf] lyPF . Tolx hflu/ vfg d}n] ToxfFsf lzIfs / cWoIf;Fu s'/f eof] . hflu/ vfg w]/} lt/ ef}tfl//x]sf] lyPF . ;f]ljtf s];L lzlIfsfsf] ljjfx eP kl5 Tof] kb vfln x'G5 eGg] lyof] . :jo+;]jssf ?kdf 8]8 jif{ sfd ubf{ klg d}n] lzIfs x'g kfO{g . /fhgLlts / cGo s'/fn] dnfO{ Tof] :yfgdf sfd ug{ lbO{Pg . To;kl5 v]ltkftLdf w]/} hf]8 lbPF . ef/f]kd{ / Hofnf g} u/]/ cuf8L a9\g] of]hgf agfPF . klxnf dnfO{ afFRg' lyof] . afFr]kl5 cWoog ug{'k5{ h:tf] nfUof] . cu|hx?n] dnfO{ g]kfnL ;]gfdf hfg] ;Nnfx lbPsfn] Totf hfg] c7f]6 agfPF . rfxgf cg';f/sf] ;Nnfx t kfPF t/ c;kmntf afx]s s]lx xft nfu]g . c;kmntf g} ;kmntfsf] klxnf] v'6\lsnf] eof] . t]>f] k6s ePsf] 5gf}6n] dnfO{ v'zL agfof] . lqz'nL ;}Go tflnd s]Gb|af6 5gf}6 ePF . @)$& ;fn dl;+/ @ ut]af6 egf{ ePF . !& jif{ tLg dlxgf @( lbg hflu/ vfPF . h'lgo/ clws[taf6 k]G;g lnP/ hflu/ 5f8]+ . hflu/ 5f8\g] a]nf klg cg'go ljgo u/]+ . t]>f] k6ssf] 5gf}6sf a]nf bf}8df k|yd ePsf] lyPF . ;a}eGbf pTs[i6 ePsfn] km'n s0f{]n lbuDa/ ;dz]/ ha/fn] dnfO{ ;f]Wg'eof] . k]l6u~hL ;d]t gnufO{ gfËf] v'§f lnP/ hg} sfgdf a]/]/ bf}l8Psf] pxfFnfO{ k|efj kf/]5 . d]h/ ls/0f

8fo/L dgsf] df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf clxn] hgtfn] y'k|} ;kgfsf] lhDd]jf/L lbg' ePsf] 5 . To;nfO{ k"/f ug{] cleofgdf 5' . ;a}sf] ;fy / ;xof]u /xFbf lt ;a} ;kgf k"/f x'G5g\ . kf6L{sf x/]s lhDd]jf/Ldf O{dfGbf/Ltf ;lxt k'/f ug{] d]/f] afgLsf sf/0f klg ;xh ePsf] 5 . ca klg Tof] qmd lg/Gt/ /xG5 . yfkfnfO{ gfd l6kfpg' eof] . dnfO{ ;xh eof] . ;]gfdf ljleGg bhf{sf] k]G;g x'g] ;do km/s km/s 5 . d}n] !& jif{d} 5f8]sf] eP klg x'GYof] t/ s]lx ;do a9L vfPF . 3/ kl/jf/sf] x]/rfxsf nflu ;do dfu]sf] lyPF . /flhgfdf l:js[t ug{ cfgfsfgL ePsf] lyof] . ;]gfsf x/]s tflnddf d}n] cAan ;fljs u/]+ . ljb]z klg tflnds} l;nl;nfdf uPF . k6s k6s k|z+zf kq k|fKt u/]+ . l;kfxLdf hflu/ vfP/ ;'j]bf/af6 k]G;gdf 5f8]sf] lyPF . 5f]6f] ;dodf a9'jf x'g]df k/]sf] lyPF . cWoog Tolx a]nf u/]sf] lyPF . cfO{Pn / ljPn Tolx a]nf cWoog u/]+ . !) b]lv $ ah];Dd hflu/ vfP/ ljxfg a]n'sf cWoog ug{] cj;/ kfPF . /fhgLlts hLjgM sIff * cWoog ubf{ tTsflng clvn kfFrf}df /x]/ sfd u/]+ . pxfFx?n] lbPsf] gLlt lgb{]zg cg';f/ xfdLn] ;f+ul7gs sfd u¥of}+ . hflu/ z'? x'Fb} ubf{ cfGbf]ng klg lyof] . cfGbf]ngdf ;lqmo ;xeflutf hgfof}+ . dbg e08f/Lsf x/]s efif0fdf ;xeflu x'g] ul/Psf] lyof] . eQm]Zj/df 8]9 jif{ sfd ubf{ /fhgLlts ?kn] clns km/s ;xeflutf hgfpg] cj;/ ldNof] . c?sf] b'Mvdf d]/f] pkl:ytL x'GYof] . To;n] dnfO{ ;fdflhs / oyfl:yltjfbsf] cGTo u/fpg ;kmn eO{of] . kl/jt{gsf nflu cuf8L a9\g' k5{ eGg] ;f]r lyof] . tTsflng dfn] x'Fb} g]skf Pdfn] k|lt ;xeflu ePF . hflu/ vfP klg dnfO{ /fhgLltdf nfUg ;xof]u g} eof] . dbg e08f/Lsf x/]s s'/fn] r]tgf el/Ps} lyof] . hflu/sf] qmddf d g]skf Pdfn]sf] j8f sld6L ;b:o lyPF . kl5 j8f ;lrj ePF . If]lqo sld6L ;b:o x'Fb} If]lqo sld6Lsf] ;lrj ePF . Tolx sf/0f j8f / kf6L{sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ j8f cWoIfsf] pDd]bjf/ ePF . hgtfn] cToflws dtn] ljhoL u/fpg' eof] . d cfef/L / C0fL ;w} 5' . ;]gfdf x'Fbf s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o x'g kfO{b}g . t/ d}n] lnO{/x]+ . otf cpFbf em08f af]s]/} cfGbf]ngdf ;xeflu ePF . Tolx kmf]6f] d]/f] sfo{ :yndf a'emfO{Psf] /x]5 . dnfO{ s]lx ;do ;}lgs lx/f;tdf /flvPsf] lyof] . rf/ dlxgf kl5 d]/f] sf/jfxL km's'jf eof] . cfGtl/s 5fgljg ;ldlt agfP/ dnfO{ sf/jfxL cuf8L a9fO{Psf] lyof] . em08f af]s]/ lx8]sf] cf/f]kdf pQm sf/jfxL lyof] .

Aoj;flos cfdL{ lyPF d . sld6Ln] dnfO{ ;kmfO{ lbPs} sf/0f yk ;xh eof] . clxn] hgtfn] y'k|} ;kgfsf] lhDd]jf/L lbg' ePsf] 5 . To;nfO{ k"/f ug{] cleofgdf 5' . ;a}sf] ;fy / ;xof]u /xFbf lt ;a} ;kgf k"/f x'G5g\ . kf6L{sf x/]s lhDd]jf/Ldf O{dfGbf/Ltf ;lxt k'/f ug{] d]/f] afgLsf sf/0f klg ;xh ePsf] 5 . ca klg Tof] qmd lg/Gt/ /xG5 . k|]d / ljjfxM sIff ( df cWoog ubf{ g} d]/f] ljjfx ha{hl:t ?kdf eof] . a'afsf] ;fg}df lgwg ePsfn] pxfFsf] dfof kfpg] s'/f ePg . cfdfn] w]/} dfof ug{' eof] . bfO{x?sf] ufnL / dfof b'a} lyof] . ha d !% jif{sf] ePF d]/f] ljjfxsf nflu bafa / tgfj, ufnL / kmsfpg] sfd ;a} eof] . cfdfn] klg kmsfpg' eof] . bfO{x?n] t ljjfx gubf{ 3/df a:g gkfpg] h:tf wDsL klg lbg'x'GYof] . dnfO{ ljjfx u/]/ tTsfn} cnu a:g] s'/f lrQ a'em]sf] lyPg . h] g;f]r]sf], h] grfx]sf] Tolx eof] . cfdfn] eg]sf] s'/fn] klg :yfoLTj ePg . bfO{x?sf] t rfxgf g} Tolx lyof] . w'lnv]nsf] av'08f]ndf dflu ljjfx eof] . cfdfn] cnu a:g' kb{}g eGg' ePsf] lyof] . bfO{x?n] ljjfx ug{] ljltSs} cnUu} a:g] s'/f ug{' eof] . ljjfxsf] cy{ yfxf lyPg . hLjgsf] cy{ yfxf lyPg . eljZo s] xf] yfxf 5}g . efF8fs'6L v]n]h:t} eof] . k9\g] rfxgf / OR5f k|an x'Fbfx'Fb} ljjfx eof] . 8/} 8/, nfh} nfhn] e't'Ss} x'Fbf :s'n lgoldt u/]+ . ;fnf] / d Pp6} ljBfnodf cWoog ub{Yof}+ . sIff !) cWoog ubf{ cnu /flvlbg' eof] . 3/df vfg] s'/f lyPg . 3/sf] 5fgf] r'lxg] lyof] . () ;fnsf] e'sDkn] ;d]t gn8]sf] ;fgf] 3/ lyof] . leq k:bf lgx'l/g' kb{Yof] . Tolx 3/ cfkm\gf] 3/df k/]sf] lyof] . kfgL kbf{ v8\sf}nf], £ofDkf] yfk]/ a:g] u/]sf lyof}+ . 3/ 5fpg ;Sg] ;fdYo{ lyPg . ckl/kSj lyPF . C0f lyof] leGg a:bf . C0fsf] Aofh ltg{' ls < ;fjfF ltg{' ls < o:tf] ;+s6 lyof] . @)$#

;fn a}zfv @^ ut] zlgaf/sf] lbg lyof] Tof] . P;Pn;L lbg' cl3Nnf] lbg df6f] nf]8 ug{] 7]Ssf lnPsf] lyPF . ljxfg # ah] b]lv df6f] nf]8 u/]/, cGoq Hofnfdf uP/ ljBfno hfg] u/]sf] lyPF . d]/f] x/]s cleofgdf >LdtLn] ;fy lbO{g . cefjdf pgn] slxNo} c;Gt'i6 AoQm ul/gg\ . dfO{tLdf gePsf] s'/f slxNo} nlugg\ . aRrf klg hlGdof] . p;sf] x'sfO{df klg ;d:of x'Fb} uof] . ;a} vfnsf ;d:ofnfO{ kf/ nufpFb} cuf8L al9/x]+ . x/]s lx;fjn] sdhf]/ lyPF . cfdf klg PSn} a:g' eof] . !^ jif{sf] pd]/df nfpnf / vfpnf eGg] lyof] . s]lx u/f}nf eGg] pd]/df cfPsf] lhDd]jf/LnfO{ k'/f ug{' kg{] bfloTjn] yrSs} lyRof] . xfdLaf6 tLg ;Gtfg hlGdPsf 5g\ . h]7f] 5f]/f s]o'af6 Aofrn/ txsf] cWoog ;s]/ Sofgf8fdf df:6;{ ub{} 5g\ . dfO{nf] 5f]/f ljljP cWoog ;s]/ cfkm\g} Aoj;fo ul//x]sf 5g\ . plg s''v'/f kfng ul//x]sf 5g\ . sfG5f] 5f]/f s]o'd} sfg'g ;+sfodf cWoog ul//x]sf 5g\ . slxn]sfFlx ;fdfGo emu8f x'g' :jefljs xf] . cfuf] afn]sf] :yfgdf w'Fjf cfpg' c:jefljs dfGg' x'Fb}g . t/ slxNo} c;Gt'i6L lyPg . ljjfx ePsf] yfxf gkfP/ g]kfnu~hdf sfo{/t /xFbf k|]d k|:tfj cfPsf] lyof] . pgn] dg k/fpFlb /lx5g\ . cfkm'n] ePsf] ;a} s'/f eg]kl5 To:tf] ePg . k|]d ug{] pd]/df ljjfx, ljjfx kl5 kfl/jfl/s bfloTj k'/f ubf{ cGoyf k|]d x'g] s'/f ePg . xfdL ;Gt'i6 5f}+ . ;dfh;]jfdf d]/f] lg/Gt/tf, hLjgdf d]/f ;a} ;kmntf >LdtLs} sf/0f x'g\ . efjL of]hgfM j8f cWoIfsf] lhDd]jf/L 5 . lhNnf v]ns'b ljsf; ;ldltsf] klg lhDd]jf/Ldf 5' . lhNnfsf ljleGg :yfgdf v]ns'bsf sfo{qmd ug{] cj;/ kfPF . ef}lts tyf zfl//Ls cEof;x? u/fPF . 8fF8fkf/L, sf]lzkf/L, sf]lzjf/L ;a} If]qdf v]ns'bsf sfo{qmdx? eP . hlta]nf;Dd lhDd]jf/Ldf x'G5' Tolta]nf;Dd Tof] sfddf ;lqmo /xg]5' . AolQmsf] ljsf;, /fi6«sf] uxgf, ljZjdf lrgfpg] v]n g} xf] . v]nf8L ;Ddfg, x/]s v]nx? ;a} If]qdf k'¥ofpFbf ultljlw rnfodfg eof] . j8f cWoIf eP kl5 s]lx dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . c/lgsf] /fhdfu{sf] dfkb08 cg';f/ ;/;kmfO{ ug{] sfo{ tyf ;8s lgdf{0f, vfg]kfgL h:tf sfo{df ;kmntf k|fKt u/]sf 5f}+ . ca xfdL uf];fO{:yfgnfO{ g]kfnsf Ps xhf/ ko{6lso :yfg leq kfg{ k|of; ul//x]sf 5f}+ . j8fsf] :yfgLo ;/sf/sf ?kdf /x]sfn] :yfgLo gful/sx?sf] cfo cfh{g a[4L ug{, ;Dj[4sf nflu uf];fO{:yfgnfO{ ko{6lso :yn agfpg] cleofg z'? ePsf] 5 . r08]Zj/L dlGb/df lrl8of3/, wfld{s / ;f+:s[lts ?kn] /x]sf :yfgsf] ljsf; ug{] of]hgf agfPsf 5f}+ . ljs6 b]lv ;'ud;Ddsf] al:t 5 . To;nfO{ ljsf; ug{] / ;a} gful/sx?n] ;/sf/ ePsf] cg'e'lt b]vfpg] of]hgfdf 5' . x/]s vfnsf r'gf}tL ;fdgf ug{ tof/ 5' . lbuf] ljsf; / :yfoLTjsf nflu d]/f] ofqf lg/Gt/ /xg]5 . hLjgM ;+3if{ . k|]dM cfTdLotf . ljjfxM hLjgsf] ?k . zfl//Ls ;DjGwM k|fs[lts b]g . *** k|fO{d PkmPd !)$=% d]ufxh{sf] ljxfgL lrGtg sfo{qmd cGtu{t zlgjf/sf] lbg ul/Psf] JolQmsf] JolQmut hLjgsf ef]ufO{ af/]sf] s'/fsfgLsf] ;f/f+z . k|ltlqmofsf] nflu M motiramtimalsina@gmail.com

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w'lnv]n SofDk;, w'lnv]n · b}lgsL s;/L laTb} 5 < ljxfg sn]h hfG5' lbpF;f] 3/fo;L sfdd} Jo:t eOG5 o;}u/L lalt/x]sf] 5 . · sn]h hLGbuLsf] /dfOnf] kf6f] s] xf] < /dfOnf] klg x'G5 x'g t t/ :s'n hlQsf] eg] x'b}g . Aoaxfl/stf axg ug{'kg]{ ;do ePsfn] klg v'n]/ /Dg ;lsFb}g aRrf a]nfsf] h:tf] . ;a} cfˆg} sfddf Ao:t x'g] ePsfn] klg df]h dl:tsf] nflu ;do klg x'b}g . · Aoj:yfkg ;+sfo lsg < elj:odf s] aGg] < Aoal:yt tl/sfn] cy{tGq rnfpg' g} o;sf] d'Vo p2]Zo xf] . g]kfnsf] xfnsf] kl/kf6LnfO{ x]bf{ Aoa:yfkg ;+sfon] km/flsnf] 7fpF klg lnPsf] 5 . d]/f] elaiosf] ;f]r t PsfplG6ª d]gh] / g} xf] . · bz ] df ;/sf/n] nufPsf] s/ l7s ls al]7s < s;/L << of] t wgLsf nflu l7s clg ul/asf nflu a]l7s h:tf] nfU5 . sd{rf/Lsf] kfl/>ldsnfO{ a]jf:tf ul/ s/nfO{ dfq} a9fpbf ul/a hgtfsf] nflu t gsf/fTds g} c;/ k5{ gvfP/} ePklg s/ ltg{' kg]{ ca:yf ;d]t b]vfk5{ . lsgeg] cfly{s cfDbfgLnfO{ x]//] s/ tf]Sg' kYof]{ . · tkfO{nfO{ of] b]z ;d[4 b]z aGg]df slQsf] laZjf; 5 < aG5 t/ aGgsf] nflu w]/} ;do nfU5 . b]zdf :yfoL ;/sf/n] hgtfsf]

ag]kf÷/f]zL ufpFkflnsfsf cWoIf l8aL nfdfn] hGd lbgsf] cj;/df Ps dlxgfsf] kfl/>dLsaf6 vfBfGg, nQf sk8f tyf a[4f>ddf cfjZos kg{] ;fdfg vl/b u/L ag]kfdf /x]sf] af}4 a[4f>ddf x:tfGt/0f u/]sf 5g\ . efb| !) ut] k/]sf] hGd lbgsf] cj;/df nfdfn] b'O[ jif{ cl3 ;fd'bflos ljBfnodf z}lIfs ;fdflu| ljt/0f u/]sf lyP . ag]kfdf /x]sf] a[4f>ddf /x]sf h]i7 gful/sx?nfO{ nQf sk8f / vfBfGg xGtf/0f ul/Psf] cWoIf nfdfn] atfP . …a[4f>dnfO{ dfO{qmf] cf]eg cfjZos lyof]Ú–a[4f>dsL /]vb]v ug{] zld{nf >]i7n] elgg–…cWoIf nfdfn] cf]eg ;lxtsf cGo ;fdfu|Lx? x:tfGt/0f u/]

o'jf;“u !) k|Zg e'jg /fodfemL

rfxgf / cfjZostf adf]lhd sfd ug{k' 5{ . ljb]lzPsf o'jfx?nfO{ :jb]zd} /f]huf/sf] l;h{gf u/fpg'k5{ . s[lifk|wfg b]zdf s[ifsx?n] sfd ug{k' g{] jftfj/0f lbg'k5{ . e|i6frf/ /f]Sg'k5{ . clgdfq b]z ljsf; ;Dej 5 . · o'jfn] /fhgLlt lsg ug{k' 5{ < /fhgLlt ug{k' g]{ g} o'jfn] xf] . o'jfdf h'g lsl;dsf] hf]z hfFu/ x'G5 Tof] c?df sd} x'G5 . o'jfn] cfˆgf] ela:o x]//] /fhgLlt u5{ h;df cfˆgf] ela:osf] x/ s'/fnfO{ Wofg lbOPsf] x'G5 t/ a[4n] sfd rnfpsf] /fhgLlt u/]sf] x'G5 lsgsL p;n] cfˆgf] nflu geO{ cfpg] lk9Lsf] nflu ;f]R5 h'g o'jfsf] ;f]r eGbf laNs'n} aflx/ x'G5 . · tkfO{nfO{ dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf dGqL aGg] cj;/ ldNof] eg] s] sfd ug{x ' G' 5 < ;a}eGbf klxnf dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf s} lxtsf] sfd u5{' . dlxnf lx+;f tyf anfTsf/L k'?ifnfO{ s8f eGbf s8f ;hfosf] Aoj:yf u/L anfTs[t dlxnfsf] kIfdf lgod agfpF5' . ;fy} dlxnfnfO{ ;a} If]qdf cl3 a9\gsf] nflu ;xh jftfj/0f tof/ kf5{' . afnlaafx ax'laafx sf] la/f]w ul/ sf/afxL Aoa:yf u/L sfof{Gjog klg u/fp5' . · g]kfnsf] ljsf; s;/L ;Dej xf]nf < ;a}eGbf klxnf t a]/f]huf/sf] cGTo ug{k' 5{ . g]kfn hgtf ha ;Dd sfdsf]

vf]hLdf aflxl/G5g ta ;Dd b]zsf] ljsf; ;Dej x'GgF . b]z leqs} ljleGg ;DefjgfnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ nufgL ul/ o'jf /f]huf/sf] la:tf/ ug{k' 5{ ;fy} cfly{s ptf/r9fjsf] lgoGq0f ug{k' 5{ . · k|d ] ljjfx lsg l7s < cfhef]ln ;]S; lsg ;fdfGo ePsf] xf]nf < lax] cl3 g} Psn] csf{nfO /fd|f;] uF a'‰g] ePsfn] lax] k5Lsf] lhGbuL rnfpg ;xh x'g] xf] . ;]S;sf] s'/fnfO{ x]bf{ rflxF cfhef]lnsf] k|d] g} ;]S;df s]G›Lt x'g] ePsfn] of] ;fdfGo x'bF } uPsf] xf] . · cGTodf====================================== g]kfnL o'jfx? clxn] klg a]/f]huf/ cj:yfdf g} 5g\ . hltklg a]/f]huf/ o'jfx? 5g\ lt ;a}n] c?sf] d'v gtfs]/ b]zd} s]xL u/f}+ eGg rfxG5' . :jb]zd} d]xgt u/] ljb]zdf sdfOg] k};f oxfF klg sdfpg ;lsG5 . oxL b]zd} pBdzLn ag]/ b]zsf] nflu s]xL u/f}+ eGg rfxG5' .

lhNnfdf klxnf] k6s hg]l]6s kl/If0f ‘/fhwfgL / sd{rf/L rf“8} ag]kf÷ag]kf, kgf}tL, w'lnv]n / jl/kl/sf 7fpFx?df b'n{e /f]ux? -Rare diseases_af6 k|efljt ePsf la/fdLx?sf] nfuL lgMz'Ns h]g]l6s -Genetic test_ k/LIf0f ul/Psf] 5 . klxnf] k6s cfof]hgf ul/Psf] h]gl] 6s kl/If0fdf $% hgf af}l4s ckfËtf ePsf, 8fpG8 l;G8d{ -down syndrom_, df+;k]zL -Muscular Dystrophy_ cflb af6 k|jflxt la/fdLx?sf] /ut kl/If0f ul/Psf] lyof] . tLg;Dd ;+rfng ePsf] pQm uf]i7Ldf g]kfnL gful/s afWotfn] ef/tdf uP/ cfg'jl+ zs k/LIf0fsf] -Genetic test_ ug{ afWo ePtf klg g]kfndf of] ;'lawf pknAw gePsf] atfO{Psf] lyof] . ef/t / rLg h:tf] l5d]sL b]z klxn] g} o; If]qdf nueu ztfAbL kf/ u/L;s]sf 5g\ t/ xfd|f] h:tf] cNklas;Lt b]zdf of] ;'lawf gePsf]n] b'v nfu]sf] ;xeflux?n] atfP . lhNnfdf dfq} l;ldt g/fvL of] ;'lawf b]zsf] s'gf s'gfdf k'¥' ofpg] p2]Zon]

cleofg z'? ul/Psf] ;xeflux?n] atfP . @! ;f}+ ztfAbLdf ;/sf/sf] t s'/} 5f8f}F :jf:Yo If]qdf /x]sf lrlsT;sx? ;d]t cg'al+ zs kl/If0fsf -Genetic test_sf] laifodf l;ldt 1fg /fVb5g\ . yf]/} ;++Vofdf o;sf af/]df hfgsf/L ePsf] k|f/lDes ;e{I] f0faf6 kQf nfu]sf] 5 . h]gl] 6s k/LIf0f s] xf] < h]gl] 6s k/LIf0f Ps lrlsT;f k/LIf0f xf] . of] /f]u h'g xfd|f] cfdfafa'af6 lj/fdL hLgx?df -genes_ kl/jt{gsf] klxrfg ub{5 . ;fwf/0ftof xfd|f] aRrfx?df k'U5 . xfd|f] hLgdf ePsf uNtLx?sf] pTkl/jlt{t elgG5 /f]u . /f]u lgbfgsf] k'li6 ug{sf] nflu /f]u / cg'j+lzs k/LIf0f -genetic test_ sf] pkof]u ug{ ;S5g\ . cfg'j+lzs k/LIf0f -genetic test_ xfd|f] 8LPgP -Dna_, cfg'j+lzs ;fdu|L xfd|f] ljZn]if0fsf] ljZn]if0f xf] . h;n] xfdLnfO{ ljz]if ;'ljwf lbG5 / xfd|f] z/L/nfO{ ljleGg k|sfo{x¿ k|bz{g ug{ d2t u5{ .

cfefif art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]kf–%, tLgbfaf6f], sfe|]

gjf}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DaGwL ;"rgf pk/f]Qm ;DaGwdf ldlt @)&% >fj0f @% ut] a;]sf] ;+~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s g+= &%÷&^–! sf] lg0f{o g+= !# sf cg';f/ o; ;+:yfsf] gjf}+ aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef lgDg ldlt, :yfg / ;dodf x'g] ePsf]n] pQm ;efdf oxfFsf] clgjfo{ pkl:yltsf] nfuL xflb{s cg'/f]w ul/G5 . ;fy} kq k|fKt gePsf ;b:oHo"x?nfO{ o;} ;'rgfnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:ylt eO{lbgx'g cfu|x ub{5f}+ .

5nkmn x'g] a'bfFx? M— s_ cf=j= @)&$÷&% sf] ;lrjsf] k|ult k|ltj]bg ;DaGwdf . v_ cf=j= @)&$÷&% sf] sf]ifWoIfsf] cfly{s k|ltj]bg ;DaGwdf . u_ cf=j= @)&$÷&% sf] n]vf ;'kl/j]If0f ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg cg'df]bg ug]{ ;DaGwdf .

3_ cf=j= @)&$÷&% sf] n]vf kl/Ifs lgo'lQm / kfl/>lds cg'df]bg ;DaGwdf . ª_ cf=j= @)&%÷&^ sf] jflif{s ah]6 ;DaGwdf . r_ cf=j= @)&%÷&^ sf] n]vf kl/Ifssf] lgo'lQm / kfl/>lds to ug]{ ;DaGwdf .

5_ ljlgod ;+zf]wg ug]{ ;DaGwdf . h_ gLlt tyf lgodfjnL ;+;f]wg 5nkmn tyf cg'df]bg ug]{ ;DaGwdf . em_ nfef+z :jLs[t ug]{ ;DaGwdf . `_ lg0f{o k':tLsfdf x:tfIf/ ug{ k|ltlglw rog ;DaGwdf .

6_ ljljw . sfo{qmdM— ldlt M— @)&%÷)^÷)% ut] z'qmaf/ :yfg M— k~rsGof a]GSj]6, ag]kf ;do M— lbpF;f] !M)) ah] ;lrj /fqL ef]h M— ;fwf/0f ;ef sfo{qmd kZrft k|sfz sfo:y kmf]g M— )!!—^^!!@), )!!—^^$^^% gf]6 M · z]o/ ;b:oHo"x?n] ;+:yfaf6 k7fPsf] ;'rgf kq clgjfo{ ?kdf lnO{ pkl:yt e}lbg'xf]nf . · ;fwf/0f ;efdf k|ltlglwnfO{ ;xeflu u/fOg] 5}g . · ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt x'g'ePsf ;b:oHo"x?sf] cfltYotfsf] nflu /fqL ef]hsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] 5 . · kf/jxg eQfsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5}g . · ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt x'g ;+:yfsf] sfof{noaf6 kqfrf/ eO{/x]sf] x'Fbf kq k|fKt gePsf ;b:oHo"x?n] ;+:yfdf ;Dks{ ug'{ x'g cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ .

6'·f] nufpm’

kgf}tL÷ /fli6« o ;ef cWoIf u0f]z ltdlN;gfn] hgtfnfO{ ;jf{k] /L agfpg] u/L k|fKt nf]stGqnfO{ alnof] agfpg hgtfs} kIfdf sfd ug{ tLg j6} txsf ;/sf/nfO{ cg'/f]w u/]sf 5g\ . k|bz ] txsf /fhwfgL gx'bF f, sd{rf/L ;dfof]hg gx'bF f k|bz ] / :yfgLo ;/sf/n] ult lng g;s]sf] pgn] atfP . lhNnfsf] kgf}tLdf /x]sf] Hof]tL ldld{/] ;fd'lxs art tyf C0f ;xsf/Lsf] pb\3f6g ;efdf af]Nb} cWoIf ltdlN;gfn] hgtfn] lt/]sf] s/df x'g] e|i6frf/, clgoldttfsf sf/0f l;Ëf] s/sf] b'?kof]u x'g] xf] ls < eGg] cfz+sfn] hgtfn] s/ k|lt k|Zg p7fPsf] atfP . s]lx :yfgLo ;/sf/n] hGd, d[To' tyf ljkQLsf] l;kmfl/;df ;d]t s/ lnPsfn] ;a} :yfgLo ;/sf/x? To:t} x'g\ ls < eGg] e|d k}bf ePsfn] :yfgLo ;/sf/x?n] cfo cfh{g x'g] afx]ssf cGo l;kmfl/;x?nfO{ s/ glng ;'emfj cWoIf ltdlN;gfn] ;'emfj lbP . s/ c;'nL;Fu} hgtfn] lt/]sf] s/sf] ;'ljwf hgtfnfO{ kmsf{pg] u/L sfd ug{ cg'/f]w ub{} cWoIf ltldN;gfn] ;/sf/sf] sfd ^ dlxgfd} d'Nofs+g ug{ gx'g] :ki6 kf/] . x/]s a:t' / lrhsf] ;do x'g] atfpFb} cWoIf ltdlN;gfn] ;/sf/n] u/]sf] ^ dlxg] cjwLsf] sfdnfO{ lnP/ l6sf l6Kk0fL ug{' ;sf/fTds gePsf] k|i6 kf/] . …xfdL ;+;b 6'Ëofpg' cl3 ;a} sfg'gx? tof/ ul/ ;S5f}Ú+ –cWoIf ltdlN;gfn] eg]–…;/sf/ ;a} sfg'g agfpg] u/L cuf8L al9/x]sf] 5 , ;/sf/n] k|:t't u/]sf ;a} sfg'gx?nfO{ kf; u/]/ dfq} ;+;bsf] cGTo x'g5 ] .Ú :yfgLo, k|bz ] / s]lGb|o ;/sf/n] cfjZos sfg'g, sd{rf/L Aoj:yfkg / cGo Aoj:yfkg ug{ ;do nfu]sfn] hgtf k|lt ;/sf/sf] b[li6sf]0f gsf/fTds aGb} uPsf] cWoIf ltdlN;gfn] atfP . ;/sf/n] tTsfn /fhwfgLsf] 6'Ëf] nufpg, sd{rf/Lx?sf] Aoj:yfkg ug{ / ;+ljwfg cg';f/sf vf/]h ePsf sfo{nox?sf] :yfgLo ;/sf/;Fu ;dfof]hg

ug{ cWoIf ltdlN;gfn] cfu|x u/] . cl:y/ x'bF f;Dd ljsf;n] ult lng ;Sb}g, To;sf/0f To:tf ljifonfO{ rfF8} 6'Ëf] nufP/ d'ns ' nfO{ ;Dj[4 tkm{ n}hfg' kg{d] f pgn] hf]8 lbP . ;xsf/L dfkm{t gful/sx?sf] ;]jf ug{' kg{d] f s]lx ;xsf/Ln] ljleGg jfxgfdf rsf{] Aofh lnP/ ;xsf/Lsf] dd{ ljkl/t sfd ul//x]sf] cWoIf ltdlN;gfn] atfP . cf]bfg h:t} ;xsf/L ;/sf/sf] tLg vDa] cy{ gLltsf] Pp6f vDaf ePsfn] cf]bfgsf] Pp6f v'§f gx'bF f cf]bfgsf] cy{ geP h:tf] ;xsf/Lsf] vDaf dha'b gx'bF f /fli6«o cy{tGq w/f;oL aGg] ePsfn] ;xsf/Lsf] dd{ cg';f/sf] sfd ug{ cWoIf ltdlN;gfn] ;'emfj lbP . s[lif pkh, pBd, Aofkf/df nufgL u/L d'gfkmf lng] t/ z]o/ ;b:onfO{ ;/nLs/0f u/]/ ;xh agfpg] sfddf ;xsf/L nfUg' kg{d] f pgn] hf]8 lbP . cWoIf p4j ;fksf]6fn] ;xsf/Ln] gu/ / cf;kf;sf If]qdf ;]jf k'¥ofpFb} ;xsf/L ;b:ox?sf] cfly{s pGgtLdf hf]8 lbPsf] atfP . afn ;b:o ( ;o &) ;lxt ;f9] * xhf/ z]o/ ;b:o /x]sf] ;xsf/Ln] # s/f]8 $) nfv z]o/ k'hF L ;+sng u/]sf] 5 eg] #@ s/f]8 *$ nfv art ;+sng u/L #) s/f]8 C0f nufgL u/]sf] 5 . ;lrj bLksk|;fb bfxfn, sf]iffWoIf k"0f{/fd t'nfw/, n]vf ;+of]hs led;]g s];L / pkfWoIf sfG5Ldfof yfkfn] ;xsf/Ln] k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfgsf] rrf{ u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o u+ufaxfb'/ bf]Ë, k|bz ] ;ef ;b:o a;'Gw/f x'dfufO{ / rGb| nfdf, pkk|dv ' lutf a~hf/f, g]km\;s'gsf pkfWoIf kl/tf]if kf}8o\ fn, lhNnf ;xsf/L ;3+sf cWoIf ljgf]b k/fh'nL, sfe|k] nf~rf]s lhNnf artsf pkfWoIf OGb| clwsf/L, ljleGg ;xsf/Lsf cWoIfx?, j8f cWoIfx? nufotn] kgf}tL If]qdf /x]sf] sf/f]jf/ z'? u/]sf] Hof]tL ldld{/] ;xsf/Ln] :yfgLo If]qdf k'¥ofPsf] cfly{s of]ubfgsf] rrf{ u/]sf lyP .

kl5 xfdL v'zL eof}+ .Ú cWoIf nfdfn] dfO{qmf] cf]eg, kfFr af]/f rfdn, g'g, t]n, xn{]S;, ;f/L rf]nf], bf}/f ;'?jfn, ;6{ kfO{G6, ld7fO{, kmnkm'n ;lxtsf ;fdfu|Lx? x:tfGt/0f u/]sf lyP . …a[4f>ddf ;xof]u ug{ kfpFbf cfkm\g} afa' / cfdf h:t} cg'el' t ePsf] 5Ú–cWoIf nfdfn] eg]–…ut jif{ a'af ljt]kl5 dnfO{ To:tf] ofb cfPsf] lyPg, a[4f>dn] Tolx s'/f ;DemfO{lbof] .Ú cWoIf nfdfsf] tna #) xhf/ 5 . tL; xhf/ a/fa/sf] tnasf] ;fdfu|L vl/b ul/Psf] pgn] atfP . x/]s jif{ cfkm'n] hGd lbgsf] cj;/df ;fdflhs sfo{ ug{] cleofg z'? u/]sf] pgn] atfP . a[4f>ddf ;fdfu|L ljt/0fsf] ;+of]hg g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3n] u/]sf] lyof] .

/Iff aGwgdf a|Dxs'df/Lsf] ljz]if sfo{qmd ag]kf÷a|Dxs'df/L /fhof]u ;]jf s]Gb| ag]kfn] hg} k"l0f{df, /Iff aGwgsf] cj;/ kf/L /fvL afFwL ;d'bfodf cfWoflTds dfWodaf6 zflGt :yfkgf u/L eft[Tjsf] ;DjGw sfod u/fpg ;Sg] ;Gb]z k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . k' j { pBf] u /fHodGqL s~rgrGb| afb]n] x/]s jif{ a|Dxs'df/L /fhof]u ;]jf s]Gb|n] /fvL dfkm{t lbbL efO{ / efO{ lbbLsf] ;DjGwnfO{ k|uf9 agfpg v]n]sf] e"ldsfsf] k|z+zf u/] . g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 sfe|] zfvfsf cWoIf df]lt/fd ltdlN;gfn] a|Dxs'df/L /fhof]u ;]jf s]Gb|n] ;dfhdf ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] ljsf; u/fpg v]ns ] f] e"ldsfsf] k|zz + f u/] . a|Dxs'df/L /fhof]u ;]jf s]Gb|n] ;d'bfodf c;n, ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf]

ljsf; u/fpFb} zflGt lgdf{0f / AolQmsf] hLjgd} kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg] sfo{qmdx? u/L ;sf/fTds ;Gb]z km}nfPsf] atfP . sfo{qmddf ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf al/i7 clws[t w'j/{ fh g]kfnn] cfTWoflds If]qaf6 AolQm / ;dfhsf] ;f]r abNg ;Sg] atfP . j8f cWoIf z]/axfb'/ ;'jfnn] a|Dxs'df/L /fhof]u ;]jf s]Gb|sf] ljsf; / lj:tf/sf nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] atfP . a|Dxs'df/L /fhof]u ;]jf s]Gb| ag]kfsL k|d'v nIdL lbbLn] /IffaGwgsf] dxTj / /fvLsf] cfjZostfsf af/]df k|sfz kf/]sL lyO{g\ . ;f]lx cj;/df lhNnfsf ljleGg If]qdf s[oflzn AolQmx?n] /fvL afFw]sf lyP . ;]jf s]Gb|n] /IffaGwgs} cj;/ kf/L ag]kfsf c:ktfnx?, z}lIfs ;+:yfx?, ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfx?, g]kfnL ;]gfsf] Aof/]s w'lnv]n, g]kfn k|x/L, lhNnf sf/fuf/ tyf cGo ljleGg :yfgdf k'u]/ /IffaGwg ;Fu} /fvL afFw]sf] lyof] .

s]o"sf /lhi6f/ ef]nf yfkfåf/f /fhLgfdf w'lnv]n÷sf7df8f} ljZj ljBfno -s]o_" sf /lhi6f/ 8f= ef]nf yfkfn] /fhLgfdf lbPsf 5g\ . ut ljlxjf/ a;] s f] ljZjljBfnosf] sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\ a}7sdf pks'nklt k|f=8f=/fds07 dfsh' / /lhi6f/ yfkf aLr egfeg eP kl5 /lhi6f/ yfkfn] tTsfn} kbaf6 /flhgfdf lbP/ aflxl/Psf lyP . sfg"g ;+sfosf 8Lg 8f=ljlkg clwsf/Lsf] k|f]km];/df a9'jf ug]{ laifo /lhi6f/=yfkfn] cl3 ;f/]sf lyP . pks'nklt dfsh'n] k|s[of k'/f e} g;s]sf] eg] nuQ} egfegsf] l:ylt ;[hgf ePsf] ;|ft] n] hgfPsf] 5 . a}7sdf egfegsf] l:ylt a9\b} uPkl5 /lhi6f/n] pks'nkltsf] of]hgf cg'?k sfd gu/]sf] nufotsf cf5]kx? nufpg] sfd eP eg] /lhi6f/n] klg cfkm'n] cl3 ;f/]sf k|:tfj :jLs[tL gug]{ eP cem} klg sfd x'bF g} eg] nuQ} pks'nklt 8f= dfsh"n] /lhi6f/ yfkfnfO{ of]hgf cg'?k sfd ug{ g;Sg] eP /fhLgfdf lbg'; eg] nuQ} 8f= yfkf /flhgfdf lbP/ a}7saf6 aflxl/Psf lyP . so]d"f bf;]f|] sfos { fnsf nflu Ps aif{ cl3 pksn'kltdf 8f= dfsh" lgoQ'm eo otf pksn'klt / /lhi6f/sf aLr Pscfk;df sfdsf] tfndn] gldns ] f] ug'f;f] cfO/{xs ] f] ;f|t]n] hgfPsf] 5 . so]d"f sfos { f/L kl/ifb\ a7}sdf pksn'klt, /lhi6f/, ljleGg ;s + fosf l8gx?, lzIfs kl|tlglw nufotsf] pkl:ylt /xs ] f] lyof] . a7}s lgoldt h:t}

dWofGx z?' eP nuQ} k:|tfj k9/] ;g'fOP{sf] lyof] . k:|tfjdf lzIfs a9j'f, tna eQf al[4, ljBfyL{ egf,{ zl}Ifs sfoq{md, 5fqfjf; / oftfoftsf] ;fwgsf] Joj:yfkg, zl}Ifs u0'f:t/ nufotsf laifo cl3 ;fl/Psf] lyof] . laifo kj|z ] nuQ} ljjfb z?' e} /lhi6f/n] /fhLgfdf lbP/ kl5 a7}ssf cGo Ph0]8f eg] :ylut ePsf] ;f|t]n] hgfPsf] 5 .

8f=yfkfn] lbPsf] /fhLgdf :jLs[ltsf nflu k|so[ fdf cl3 a9fpgsf nflu ljlxjf/ s'nklt tyf k|wfgdGq ;dIf k'uL ;s]sf] 5 . otf 8f= yfkfn] /fhLgfdf lbP nuQ} sf7df8f} ljZjljBfno sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\df /x]sf ;a} kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ cfkm' /lhi6f/ /x'Gh]n ;xof]u k'/\ofpg' ePsf]df wGojfb lbFb} Od]n k7fPsf 5g\ . ljutdf pks'nklt 8f=dfsh'n] g} 8f= yfkfnfO{ /lhi6f/sf nflu ;/sf/ ;dIf l;kmfl/; u/]sf lyP . lzIfs a9'jf, tna eQf a[l4, laBfyL{ egf{df sdL cfpg' ljZj ljBfnosf] nflu lgs} 7"nf] r'gf}ltsf] laifo ePsf] eGb} lzIfsx?n] s8f ?kdf k|:t't eP nuQ} pks'nklt dfsh"n] cfkm'nfO{ /lhi6f/n] cfkm\gf] of]hgf cg'?k c;xof]u u/]s} sf/0f o:tf] cj:yfsf] ;[hgf ePsfn] c;xof]u ug]{ eP /fhLgfdf lbg' plrt x'g] wf/0ff cl3 ;f/]sf lyP . /lhi6f/sf] /fhLgdf kq ljlxjf/} pks'nklt 8f=dfsh'n] s'nklt tyf k|wfgdGqL s]kL cf]nL / ;xs'nklt lzIff dGqL lu/L/fhd0fL kf]v/]n ;dIf k]z ul/;s]sf 5g\ .

;gftg sGof k'hf k|aGw ;ldltsf] cg'/f]w olx cfpFbf] @)&% efb| !& ut] s[i0f hGdfi6dLsf] lbg ag]kfdf a[xt sGof k'hf ul/g] ePsf] x'Fbf pQm lbg ag]kf ahf/sf] bfofF afofF sGofx?nfO{ nfOga4 ul/ Jojl:yt ?kdf /flvlbg'x'g ;Dk"0f{ cleefjs, ;dfh;]jL Pj+ ;+3÷;+:yfx?nfO{ ;xof]usf] nflu cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ . ;fy} sGofk'hfdf cfpg'x'g] sGofx?nfO{ ljutdf h:t} k|;fb ljt/0f ul/lbg'x'g >4fn' eQmhgx?df xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ . sGofk"hf x'g] ldlt M @)&% efb| !& ut] cfO{taf/ ;do M ljxfg !!M)) ah]b]lv z'ef/De :yfg M ag]kf ef]nfvf 6f]n u0f]zdlGb/af6 z'ef/De . ;gftg sGof k'hf k|aGw ;ldlt, ag]kf

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

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kf“rvfn gu/kflnsfsf pkk|d'v nIdL bg'jf/åf/f k|:t't

ah]6 jQmJo

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xflbs { awfO{ tyf ze ' sfdgf

xfd|f cfTdLo ldq Pj+ ;fd'bflos art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kgf}tL sfe|]sf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t dbg a:g]t g]kfn art tyf C0f s]lGb|o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln -g]km\:s"g_ sf] #! cf}+ :yfkgf lbj;sf] cj;/df cfof]lht sfo{qmddf g]kfnsf] art tyf C0f ;xsf/L cleofgsf ;+:yfx? dWo]af6 pTs[i6 Joj:yfks 3f]lift x'g'ePsf]df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub}{ pQ/f]Q/ k|ultsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

c?0f yfkf ljj]s/fh 7s'/L 7fs'/gfy clwsf/L ;'af; a}B 1fg]Gb| bfxfn

;fg'nIdL 1fg 5fqj[lQ @)&% ;DaGwL ;"rgf Û ag]kf gu/sf lzIff;]jL >L czf]s/Tg zfSoHo"af6 ag]kf gu/kflnsf leq :yfoL a;f]af; eO{ ;fd'bflos ljBno÷sn]hdf z}lIfs ;q @)&%÷)&^ sf] ljleGg tx÷sIffdf cWoog/t !) hgf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ?= !%))) -kGw| xhf/_ sf b/n]] ul/a tyf h]x]gbf/ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;fg'nIdL 1fg 5fqj[lQ @)&% 5fqj[lQ k|bfg ul/g] ePsfn] /Lt k'¥ofO{ of] ;"rgf k|sfzg ePsf] !% lbgleq lgj]bgsf nflu cfJxfg ul/G5 . lgj]bgsf ;fy k]; ug'{kg]{ sfuhftx¿M != lklk ;fOhsf] kmf]6f] 6fF; u/L 5fqj[lQ kfpgsf nflu n]lvPsf] lgj]bg, @= ag]kf gu/ leq :yfoL a;f]af; /x]sf] tyf 3/sf] cfly{s cj:yf sdhf]/ /x]sf] ;DalGwt j8f sfof{nosf] l;kmfl/; kq, #=cWoog ul//x]sf] sn]h÷ljBfnoaf6 cWoog ul//x]sf] tx÷sIff k|dfl0ft x'g] tyf lgh h]x]gbf/ /x]sf] l;kmfl/; kq, $= cGoq st}af6 5fqj[lQ gkfPsf] k'i6L x'g] jf8{ sfof{nosf] l;kmfl/;, 5fqj[lQ 5gf]6 k|lqmofM # ;b:oLo 5fqj[lQ 5gf]6 ;ldltn] tn plNnlvt k|lqmof k"/f u/L 5fqj[lQsf nflu ljBfyL{ 5gf]6 ug]{5M 4blnt @, hghflt @, dlxnf #, ;LdfGts[t ! tyf cGo @ u/L hDdf !) hgf .

4lgjb]g ae'mfPsf] ldltsf cfwf/df klxnf ae'mfpg] !) hgfnfO{ 5fqjl[Qsf nflu 5flgg] 5 eg] o;/L 5flgPsf ljByLx{¿sf] cflys { tyf zl}Ifs ki[7ed"L ljjfbf:kb bl]vPdf sd|zM !!cf,F} !@cfF} === sd|df /xs ] f ljBfyLx{¿af6 5flgg] 5 .

4 ljBfyL{sf] cfly{s tyf z}lIfs kl/j]zsf] :ynut cWoog . gf]6M tf]lsPsf] ;a} sfuhft gePsf tyf ;do;Ldfleq k]; x'g gcfPsf lgj]bgx¿nfO{ 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmddf ;dfj]; ul/g] 5}g eg] pQm 5fqj[lQdf 5gf]6 x'g] ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ lghx¿;Fu ;DalGwt ljBno;Fu ;dGjo u/L 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f ul/g]5 .

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xflb{s lgdGq0ff

@^ cf}+ aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef tyf /ht dxf]T;j sfo{qmddf pkl:yt x'g] ;DaGwL ;"rgf

w'lnv]n÷lgdf{0f Aoj;foL ;+3 sfe|s ] f] cfufdL ebf} @@ / @# ut] w'lnv]ndf x'g] ( cf} lhNnf clwa]zgdf o'jf Aoj;foLx?sf] /f]hfO{df ;+3sf jt{dfg dxf;lrj pk]Gb| l3l;Ë k/]sf 5g\ . o'jfx?n] l3l;ËnfO{ cWoIf agfpg] cleofgsf ;fy tof/L z'? u/]sf 5g\ . o; cl3 ;+3sf] sf]iffWoIf eO{ zzQm e"ldsf v]n]sf l3l;Ën] dxf;lrjsf] sfo{sfn klg ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg u/]sf 5g\ . ;a} lgdf{0f Aoj;foLx?sf] lxtdf nfUg] l3l;Ë lgdf{0f If]qsf c;n Aoj;foLsf ?kdf lrlgG5g\ . o'jf Aoj;foLx?n] l3l;Ësf] g]t[Tj ePdf dfq} lgdf{0f Aoj;foLx?sf] clwsf/ / xs ;+/If0f x'g] wf/0ff /fv]sf 5g\ . …Aoj;foLx?sf] lxtdf lgltut lx;fjn] cu|;/ x'g ;Sg] / g]t[Tj lng ;Sg] Ifdtf dxf;lrj pk]Gb| l3l;Ëdf b]lvPsf] 5Ú–Ps Aoj;foLn] eg]–…cfufdL clwa]zgdf klg l3l;Ësf] g]t[Tj x'Fbf Aoj;foLx?sf] lxtdf x'G5 eGg] xfd|f] ck]Iff xf] .Ú l3l;Ën] eg] ;j{;Djt g]t[Tjsf] kxn ug{' kg{]df hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ . …d]/f] / t]/f] eGbf klg xfd|f] ;+3 agfpg' kg{]df d]/f] lg/Gt/sf] cleofg cfufdL clwa]zgdf klg /xG5Ú–l3l;Ën] eg] . cWoIfsf] pDd]bjf/Lsf ljifodf l3l;Ën] ;fyLx?sf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ lg0f{o ug{] atfP .

s;/L lgdf{0f Aoj;fodf o; ;+:yfsf] ldlt @)&%÷)#÷)( ut] a;]sf] cfP l3l;Ë < Gb| l3l;Ësf afa' lblnk ;+rfns ;ldlt a}7s lg0f{o cg';f/ tklznsf] ldlt, l3l;Ë lgdf{0pk] f Aoj;foL x'g\ . l8 Snf;sf] ;do, / :yfgdf lgDg laifox? Dffly 5nkmn u/L lg0f{o sDkgL vf]n/] a'af kl5 l3l;Ësf efO{n] klg z'? ul/;s]sf lyP . a'afsf] cfkm\g} lng o; ;+:yfsf] @^ cf}+ aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef tyf /ht sfd sDkgL lyof] . cWoogsf nflu efO{ hfkfg dxf]T;j sfo{qmd x'g] ePsf]n] ;+:yfsf] ljlgod cg';f/ uP kl5 efO{sf gfddf ePsf] sDkgL pk]Gb|n] cfkm\gf] gfddf Nofpg' kg{] afWotf ;b:otf sfod /xg] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox?sf] clgafo{ eof] . Tof] sDkgL s] ug{] ug{] < cfkm\gf] gfddf gfd;f/L u/] . gfd;f/L u/]sf] s]lx pkl:ytLsf nflu xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5' .

5nkmnsf ljifox? M– -!_ cf=a= )&$÷)&% sf] ;lra aflif{s k|ult k|lta]bg kfl/t ug]{ ;DaGwdf .

-@_ cf=a=)&$÷)&% sf] n]vf kl/If0f k|lta]bg tyf sf]iffWoIfsf] aflif{s cfly{s k|lta]bg kfl/t ug]{ ;DaGwdf .

-#_ cf=a=)&$÷)&% b]lv cf=a=)&^÷)&& ;Ddsf] qLalif{o /0fg}lts tyf Aofa;flos of]hgf adf]lhd cf=j=)&%÷)&^ sf] cg'dflgt cfo Aoo ah]6 kfl/t ug]{ ;DaGwdf .

-$_ cf=a= )&$÷)&% sf] n]vf ;'kl/a]If0f ;ldltsf] aflif{s k|lta]bg kfl/t ug]{ ;DaGwdf .

-%_ cf=a= )&%÷)&^ sf] nflu n]vf kl/Ifs lgo'lQm tyf kfl/>lds tf]Sg] ;DaGwdf .

-^_ ;+rfns ;ldltsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ !*Ü z]o/ nfefz+ lat/0fnfO{ kfl/t ug]{ ;DaGwdf .

-&_ ljlgod ;+zf]wg / gLlt kfl/t ug]{ ;DaGwdf .

-*_ lgjf{rg sfo{qmd ;DaGwdf .

-(_ ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{o k'l:tsfdf x:tfIf/ ug{ z]o/ ;b:o k|ltlgwLx?sf] 5gf}6 ug]{ ;DaGwdf .

-!)_ lalaw . sfo{qmd ldlt M– @)&% ;fn cflZjg )^ ut] zlgaf/ ;do M– laxfg 7Ls !)M)) ah] :yfg M– ag]kf kf6L{ e]Go', ag]kf—*, do'/ rnlrq dlGb/ cuf8L a'4 /Tg dfgGw/ ;lrj

gf]6 M aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt x'g ;+:yfn] hf/L u/]sf] kl/ro kq, z]o/ k|df0f jf ;efdf pkl:yt x'g k7fPsf] kq clgafo{ lnP/ cfpg' kg]{5 . ;fwf/0f ;efdf z]o/ ;b:o g} clgafo{ ?kdf pkl:yt x'g'kg]{5 . k|ltlgwLnfO{ ;xefuL u/fO{g] 5}g . aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt x'g ;+:yfsf] sfof{noaf6 kqfrf/ eO{/x]sf] x'bfF kq k|fKt gx'g] ;b:ox?n] ;+:yfdf ;Dks{ ug{ x'g cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ .

lbg pgn] sDkgL rnfpg] of]hgf agfP . cf}krfl/s ?kdf @)^$ ;fn b]lv rfO{gf

kf]N6«L ljz]if 8f= u0f]z aGhf/f

lrsg] Pg]ldof efO/; Aoj;fo ;fyLx?nfO{ lhDd]jf/L lbP/ pgL lgdf{0f Aoj;fodf nfu] . klxnf] k6s bf]nfn3f6 rf}af; hfg] ;8ssf] dd{t ;Def/sf] lhDd]jf/L k|fKt u/] . b'O{ tLg hgf ;fyLx? ldn]/ Tof] sfd ;do eGbf cuf8L g} ;DkGg u/]kl5 ljZjf; ug{] sfd eof] . @) nfv ?k}ofsf] sfd lyof] Tof] . afa'n] klg Tolx a]nf b]lv sfd ug{ ;S5 eGg] ljZjf; u/] . a'afsf] ;xof]u / ;Nnfxdf Tolx sfdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg yfn] . lgdf{0f z'? u/]sf] !! jif{sf] cjwLdf ljleGg lhNnfdf sfd ug{] cj;/ kfP . lhNnfdf klg bh{gf} ;/sf/L sfof{nox?sf] lgdf{0f ;dod} ;DkGg u/] . 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{nosf] lgdf{0f ;do cufj} ;s]sfn] af]g; k|fKt eof] .

Tolx a]nf pgsf] sfddf hfg] qmddf b'3{6gf klg eof] . b'3{6gfaf6 k'g{hLjg kfP kl5 pgL emg} d]xgtsf ;fy k]zfdf nflu/x] . pgsf] sfd, Aojxf/ / lhDd]jf/Lsf lx;fjn] lgdf{0f Aoj;foL ;3+sf] Ps} k6s kbflwsf/Ldf lhDd]jf/L lbO{of] . cToflws dtn] sf]iffWoIf kbdf ljho xft kf/] . kl5 dxf;lrj p7] . ljhoL klg eP . clxn] klg ;+:yf dfkm{t ;fyLx?sf] Aoj;foLs lxtsf nflu lg/Gt/ s[oflzn /x]sf 5g\ . lgdf{0f Aoj;fonfO{ /fHon] kl5Nnf] ;do km/s Aojxf/ ul//x]sf] pgsf] cge'j 5 . /fHosf gLlt lgodx?n] w]/} Aoj;foLx? knfog x'g] cj:yf ePsf] atfpFb}

pgn] c:j:y k|lt:kwf{ x6fpg' kg{]df hf]8 lbP .

ag]kf gu/kflnsf gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no

lrs]g Pg]ldof efO/; ljZje/ JofKt s'v'/fdf nfUg] /f]u xf] . @% gfgf] ld6/ ePsf] ;sL{ld/]8]8 (Circoviridae) ;d"x cGt/ut kg]{ of] ljiff0f' s'v/' f k|hftLnfO{ dfq c;/ ub{5 . of] efO/; l;ª\un :6«fG8]8 (Single stranded)DNA efO/; x'g\ h;n] af]g Dof/f] (Bone Marrow) nfO{ c;/ ul/ z/L/df /QmcNktf u/fpg] / /f]u k|lt/f]wfTds zlQmsf] ljsfz x'g glbg] h:tf sfo{x? ub{5g\ . ljz]if u/]/ x'sb{ } u/]s ] f] s'v/' fdf o:tf] k|sf/sf] /f]ux? b]lvg ;S5g\ . Kof/]G6af6 rNnfdf ;g]{ ;Defjgf /x]tf klg Psaf6 csf]{ s'v/' fdf k|ToIf ;'nL / KjfFvsf] ;Dks{af6, d'v / Zjf; k|Zjf;sf] dfWodaf6 ;+qmd0f eO{ ;g{ ;S5 . of] ljiff0f'df jftfj/0fdf w]/} ;do;Dd afFlr/xg] Ifdtf /x]sf] x'G5 .&) °Cdf ! 306f / *)°Cdf % ldg]6 / PH @ ;Dd afFRg ;Sb5g\ .of] /f]u ljleGg gfdn] lrlgG5g . h:t} Chocken Anemia, Blue Wing Diseases, Anemia Dermatitis Syndrome, Chicken Avian Infectious Anemia, Haemmorhagic Aplastic Syndrome, Inngectious Chicken Anemia.

nIf0fx? M – tLgxKtf eGbf d'gLsf] s'v'/fx? a9L ;+qmd0f x'g] ;Defjgf /xG5 .

– of] /f]u nfu]sf] v08df !) k|ltzt hlt s'v'/fx?sf] d[To'b/ x'g ;S5 .

– nf]tL / l;Fp/ km';|f] x'g], cfFvfsf] k/]nL / v'§fx? klg km';|f] x'G5 .

– vfg dg gug,{] sdhf/]L, tfn} 36g\,] :gfo' ;DalGw ;d:ofx? bv ] fpg,] lgnf] xg',] z/L/df 7fpF 7fpFdf /Qm>fjx? bl]vg] xG'5g .

– v'6\6f, kv]6f / 3f6L jl/kl/sf] 5fnfdf 3fp b]lvG5 .

– 7"nf jo:s s'v/' fx?df /f]u nfu] tfklg kof{Kt nIf0fx? b]vfpb}gg\ t/ pd]/ cg';f/sf] cf};t tf}n eg] sd x'G5 .

Kofyf]hl] gl;; (Pathogenosis) of] efO/;n] jf]g Dof/f] (Bone Marrow) nfO{ c;/ ug]{ x'gfn] /ftf] /utsf] sf]if (Red Blood cell, RBC) / ;]tf] /utsf] sf]if (White Blood cell, WBC) pTkfbgdf x|f; NofO{ /QmcNktf u/fpF5 / /f]u k|lt/f]wfTds zlQmnfO{ sd u/fpF5 . /f]usf] klxrfg – k|of]uzfnfk|l/If0f – kf]i6 df6{ddf z/L/sf] ljleGg 7fFpdf /Qm>fj x'g] / af]g Dof/f]df kx]nf] kfgL h:tf] kbfy{ b]vf kg]{ x'G5 .

– Packed Cell Volume %–!% % x'G5 . ;fwf/0ftof @&–#^% x'G5 .

– yfOd; (Thymus) / aiff{ (Bursa Fabricus) ;fgf] x'G5 .

– d[uf}nf / sn]hf]sf] /+u k'm;|f] b]lvG5 .

– lgdf]lgofsf] nIf0f b]lvG5 . pkrf/ / /f]syfd – efO/;sf] k|efjsf/L pkrf/ gePsfn] Kof/]G6 s'v/' fdf of] /f]u lj?4sf] EoflS;gsf] k|efjsf/Ltf a9L x'G5 .

– /f]u nfu]sf kG5LnfO{ 5'§} /fVg] tyf h}ljs ;'/Iffsf] kfngfubf{ j]z x'G5 .

:j0f{ nIdL art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]kf–&, sfe|s ] f]

ag]kf, sfe|]

gjf}+ aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DaGwL ;"rgf

gS;fkf; ;DaGwL ;ft lbg] ;"rgf

pk/f]tm ;DaGwdf o; ;+:yfsfsf] ;+Grfns ;ldlt sf] @)&% efb| $ ut] a;]sf] a}7ssf] lg0f{o adf]lhd lgDg ldlt, ;do / :yfgdf lgDg laifodf 5nkmn u/L lg0f{o ug{ gjf}+ aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef xg] ePsf]n] tkfO{sf] pkl:yltsf] nflu ;fb/ cg'/f]w ub{5f}. ;fy} o; aif{ ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns ;ldlt / n]vf tyf ;'kl/a]If0f ;ldlt sf] lgafr{g sfo{s|d /x]sf] x'Fbf ;f] lgaf{rg ;DalGw b]xfosf] sfo{s|d ;d]t ;DalGwt ;a}sf] hfgsf/Lsf] nfuL k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 .

5nkmnsf laifox?M ! cf=a= @)&$.)&% ;lrasf] aflif{s k|lta]bg k|:t'tL pk/ 5nkmn tyf cg'df]bg ;DaGwdf . @ cf a @)&$.)&% sf]iffWoIf sf] aflif{s k|lta]bg k|:t'tL pk/ 5nkmn tyf cg'df]bg ;DaGwdf . # cf a @)&$.)&% sf] aflif{s n]vf k/LIf0f k|lta]bg ;DaGwdf . $ c\f a @)&%.)&^ aflif{s sfo{ of]hgf k|:t't / cg'dflgt ah]6 5nkmn ;DaGwdf . % cf a @)&%.)&^ sf] nfuL n]vf k/LIfssf] lgo'ltm tyf kfl/>lds tf]Sg] 5nkmn ;DaGwdf . ^ lgaf{rg sfo{sd| . & lgaf{rg sfo{sd| kl/0ffd cg'df]bg . * lg0f{o k'l:tsfdf x:tfIf/ ug{ k|ltlglw tf]Sg] ;DaGwdf . ( lalaw . sfo{sd | M ldltM @)&% c;f]h ^ ut] ;doM laxfgsf] !!M$% ah] :yfgM pu|rl08 AofÍj]6, ag]kf, sfe|] lgaf{rg sfo{sd | M

pko'{Qm ;DaGwdf /flwsf /fo sF8]nn] sf=k=lh= ag]kf g=kf= j8f g+= !) df kg{] ;fljs ;fFuf j8f g+= %-v_ ls=g+= !$$% If]qkmn )–#–@–) ePsf] hUufdf 3/ lgdf{0f ug{ gS;f kf; ePsf] lgdf{0f l:js[lt lng o; gu/kflnsfdf ldlt @)&%.$.@% df gS;f lgj]bg lbPsfn] :yfgLo txsf] ;]jf ;+rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL cfb]z @)&$ adf]lhd !% lbg] ;"rgf 6fF; eO{ d'r'Nsf x'Fbf pQm pNn]lvt hUufsf] klZrd÷pQ/ tkm{sf ;Flwof/ /]zd /;fOnL du/ / hos'df/L sfsL{ cg'kl:yt /x]sfn] of] ;ft lbg] ;"rgf 6fF; ul/Psf] 5 . pNn]lvt adf]lhdsf] hUufdf 3/ lgdf{0f ubf{ tkfO{nfO{ s'g} afwf cj/f]w kg{] eP ;f] ;"rgf 6fF; ePsf] ldltn] & lbgleq o; gu/kflnsfdf ;–k|df0f lnlvt hfgsf/L u/fpg'x'g ;"lrt ul/G5 . cGoyf lgodfg';f/ gS;f kf; eO{ hfg] Joxf]/f ;d]t cjut u/fOG5 .

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

lgaf{rg sfo{qmd :juf{/f]x0f @)&%.$.@#

hGd M @)@*.#.@$

:j= aQL n'O“6]n o; ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=sf z]o/ ;b:o aQL n'O“6]nsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgx?df xflb{s

;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

/fh' du/, cWoIf tyf

hghfu[lt t/sf/L tyf kmnkm"n pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kl/jf/ w'lnv]n, sfe|]

;+of]hs cf]d sfhL k|hfklt lgaf{rg pk–;ldlt

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL :juf{/f]x0f @)&%.%.$

hGd M @)#).&.!^

:j= r08]Zj/L dfgGw/ o; l;nfynL 6f]n ;'wf/ ;ldltsf pkfWoIf rqmnfn dfgGw/sf hLjg;+uLgL r08]Zj/L dfgGw/sf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgx?df xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

dfwjk|;fb clwsf/L

k'gZrM vfhfsf] / kf/faxg vr{sf] Aoa:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

O{Zj/ s'df/ >]i7 -;lra_

gf]6M !_ ;fwf/0f ;efdf z]o/ ;b:o cfkm} pkl:yt x'g'kg]{5, cGo AolQmnfO{ kf/fafxfg vr{ pknAw u/fO{g] 5}g . @_ ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt x'g cfpFbf of] kq ;fydf lnP/ cfpg' kg]{5 . #_ lbpF;f] @M)) ah] kl5 pkl:yt x'g] ;b:ox?nfO{ kf/fafxfg vr{ pknAw u/fO{g] 5}g . $_ P;= O{= O{ k/LIffdf pTs[i6 >]0fL Nofpg ;kmn z]o/ ;b:osf 5f]/f÷5f]/L !÷! hgf ;Ddfg ul/g] x'bfF ldlt @)&% ;fn efb| dlxgfsf] !% ut] leq k|fKtfÍ ;lxt sfof{nodf ;Dk{s ug'{x'g cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ .

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL hGd M !((%.$.!%

:juf{/f]x0f @)&%.$.#)

:j= ldgfs'df/L ahufO{ o; ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=sf lzIff pk;ldltsf ;b:o >L/fd ahufO{ tyf z]o/ ;b:ox? pboaxfb'/, ;"o{axfb'/ / /d]zsf ddtfdoL dftf ldgfs'df/L ahufOs { f] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgx?df xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

dfwj l;Ub]n

cWoIf tyf

cWoIf tyf

l;nfynL 6f]n ;'wf/ ;ldlt kl/jf/

8fOgflds o'jf ;fsf]; kl/jf/

ag]kf & sfe|]

ag]kf, gfnf, z]/f, sfe|]

*

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

xflbs { awfO{

xflbs { awfO{

jif{ @$ c+s $$ @)&% ebf} !$ ut] ljxLjf/

lwtf] rn÷crn ;DklQ 8f“s a9fa9 åf/f lnnfd laqmL ug{ k|sflzt ul/Psf] ;"rgf >L dgsfdgf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=

ag]kf–&, sfe]k| nf~rf]s tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq shf{ r'Qmf gug]{ C0fLx?sf] lwtf] /x]sf] rn÷crn ;DklQ 8fFs a9fa9åf/f lnnfd laqmL ug{ cfx\jfg ul/Psf] #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|yd k6s of] ;'rgf k|sf;g ul/Psf] ldltM– @)&%÷%÷!$

;fd'bflos art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=sf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t dbg a:g]t g]kfn art tyf C0f s]lGb|o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= -g]km\:s"g_ sf] #! cf}+ :yfkgf lbj;sf] cj;/df g]kfn clw/fHoel/sf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf dWo]af6 pTs[i6 Joj:yfks 3f]lift x'g'ePsf]df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub{} pQ/f]Q/ k|ultsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

xfd|f cfb/0fLo bfh' g[k]z jfb] g]kfn ljBfyL{ ;+3 sfe|]sf] cWoIf kbdf rog x'g'ePsf]df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub{} sfo{sfn ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ . sdn clwsf/L k|f]kfO6/

lgnsdn On]S6«f]lgS; kl/jf/ ag]kf, sfe|]

WANTED Gyanjyoti English Secondary School is seeking for qualified, energetic, competitive teachers for the following post: Required post : Pre Primary Teacher-2 Qualification : +2 or above requirement : CV, photocopies of certificates, two PP size photos along with handwritten application.

Preference will be given to married, experienced and trained candidates.

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Contact:

Gyanjyoti English Secondary School Banepa-8, Silathali Marga, Ph: 01--664417

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efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

>l[i6sfGt ljBfnonfO{ cflys { ;xofu] gfnf÷ag]kf gu/kflnsf $ gfnfdf /x]sf] >[li6sfGt cfwf/e't ljBfnonfO{ pu|r08L gfnf ;dfh sf7df8f}sf] ;+of]hgdf g]kfn j+unfb]z a}s + n] ljBfnosf] sIffsf]7f Aoa:yfkg / kmlg{r/ vl/bsf nfuL gub ? @ nfv &% xhf/ ?k}ofF Ps sfo{qmdsf aLr x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmddf g]kfn /fi6« a}s + sf 8]k6' L ue{g/ lzj/fh >]i7 / a+unfb]z a}s + sf sfo{sf/L clws[t 1fg]Gb| k|;fb 9'u+ fgfn] ;+oQ ' m ?kdf

ljBfno Aoa:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf ofbjs[i0f >]i7 / k|WofgfWofks k'?iff]Qd ahufO{nfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f g+= # sf j8f cWoIf s[i0fk|;fb bfxfn, j8f g+= $ j8f cWoIf Zofd ;'Gb/ >]i7, r08]Zj/L dfljsf k|c /fh]Gb| ah|rfo{ nufotsf AolQmx?n] ;xof]uL ;+:yfnfO{ wGoafb lbPsf lyP . sfo{qmddf pBf]uL ;Togf/fo0f >]i7n] sIffut ?kdf k|yd l4lto x'g] ljBfyL{x?nfO{ z}lIfs ;fdfu|L ljt/0f u/]sf lyP .

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL :juf{/f]x0f @)&%.%.*

hGd M @))!.@.!)

:j= s]zj k|;fb ;Tofn o; ;Tofn o'jf ;d"xsf h]i7 ;b:o s]zj k|;fb ;Tofnsf] lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgx?df xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

;Tofn o'jf ;d"x Pj+ ;d:t ;Tofn kl/jf/ gdf]a'4 g=kf=–!, km'naf/L, sfe|]

:juf{/f]x0f @)&%.%.&

:j= ;fGgfgL ahufO{

:juf{/f]x0f @)&%.%.*

hGd M @))(.#.!%

hGd M @)@).!).!)

:j= s[i0fuf]kfn ahufO{

o; ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=sf z]o/ ;b:o ;fGgfgL ahufOs { f] cNkfo"d} c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgx?df

o; sf]ifsf ;b:oåo efg'eQm ahufO{ / g]qgfy ahufO{sf k"hgLo lktf Pj+ sf]ifsf ;+:yfks ;+/Ifs ;b:o s[i0fuf]kfn ahufOs { f] lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgx?df xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

af;'sL cIfo sf]if kl/jf/

lgd{nf >]i7 cWoIf tyf

gf/L hfu/0f art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kl/jf/ ag]kf g=kf gfnf, z]/f, sfe|]

ag]kf g=kf=–#, sfFqm]y'dfrf}/, sfe|]

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL :juf{/f]x0f @)&%.$.#)

hGd M @))@.!@.@&

:j= s[i0faxfb'/ >]i7 o; ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=sf z]o/ ;b:o Zofds'df/, /d]z, e/tsf k"hgLo lktf tyf z]o/ ;b:o s[i0faxfb'/ >]i7sf] lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgx?df xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

dfwj l;Ub]n cWoIf tyf

8fOgflds o'jf ;fsf]; kl/jf/ ag]kf, gfnf, z]/f, sfe|]

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL :juf{/f]x0f @)&%.%.&

hGd M @)@).!).!)

:j= ;fGgfgL ahufO{ g]skfsf ;+ul7t ;b:o tyf /Tg/fHo SofDk;sf] :jljo' ;b:o lbg]z ahufO tyf z'elrGtsx? u0f]z ahufO{ / /fhs'df/ ahufO{sf] ddtfdoL dftf ;fGgfgL ahufOs { f] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgx?df xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

g]skf ag]kf gu/ # g+= j8f sld6L kl/jf/ ag]kf, gfnf, sfe|]

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL hGd M @)$$.^.@^

:juf{/f]x0f @)&%.%.$

:j= nIdL bfxfn o; ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=sf z]o/ ;b:o nIdL bfxfnsf] cNkfo"d} c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgx?df xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

lgd{nf >]i7, cWoIf tyf

gf/L hfu/0f art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kl/jf/ ag]kf g=kf gfnf, z]/f, sfe|]

!)

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

jif{ @$ c+s $$ @)&% ebf} !$ ut] ljxLjf/

xflbs { awfO{ tyf ze ' sfdgf ;fd'bflos art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kgf}tL sfe|]sf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t dbg a:g]t g]kfn art tyf C0f s]lGb|o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln -g]km\:s"g_ sf] #! cf}+ :yfkgf lbj;sf] cj;/df cfof]lht sfo{qmddf g]kfnsf] art tyf C0f ;xsf/L cleofgsf ;+:yfx? dWo]af6 pTs[i6 Joj:yfks 3f]lift x'g'ePsf]df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub}{ pQ/f]Q/ k|ultsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, ag]kf &, sfe|]knf~rf]s

cfefif art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]kf *, sfe|]knf~rf]s

>L gjb'uf{ art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kgf}tL (, sfe|]knf~rf]s

a'8f]n ;fd'bflos art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, ag]kf ^, sfe|]knf~rf]s

nIdL dlxnf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, kgf}tL %, sfe|]knf~rf]s

ljGwjfl;gL art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kgf}tL !), sfe|]knf~rf]s

gf/L hfu/0f art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]kf, sfe|]knf~rf]s

PS;k|]; art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, ag]kf &, sfe|]knf~rf]s

k|eft art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,

cfly{s ljsf; art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kfFrvfn $, sfe|]knf~rf]s

kfg; art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=

dgsfdgf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, ag]kf &, sfe|]knf~rf]s

cfofd art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, ag]kf &, sfe|]knf~rf]s

o'jf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=

df]8]n art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=

ag]kf &, sfe|]knf~rf]s

ag]kf &, sfe|]knf~rf]s

ag]kf &, sfe|]knf~rf]s

ag]kf &, sfe|]knf~rf]s

s'zfb]jL art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, kgf}tL @, sfe|]knf~rf]s

lkk'N; art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, ag]kf !), sfe|]knf~rf]s

c6n kfâ&#x20AC;&#x153;rs'08 art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= w'lnv]n $, sfe|]knf~rf]s

kl/sNkgf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]kf &, sfe|]knf~rf]s

Hof]lt ldld{/] ;fd'lxs art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, kgf}tL ^, sfe|]knf~rf]s

/f]zL art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,

uf]vf{ ljsf; art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, ag]kf *, sfe|]knf~rf]s

pksf/ art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]kf *, sfe|]knf~rf]s

kgf}tL ^, sfe|]knf~rf]s

!!

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

Hof;ggL 6fn] ;w'f/ ;ldltsf] ;fwf/0f ;ef ag]kf÷ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f g+= ( df /x]sf] Hof;ggL 6f]n ;'wf/ ;ldltsf] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ag]kf gu/kflnsf gu/ k|dv ' nIdL g+/;L afb]sf] k|dv ' cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf af]Nb} gu/k|dv ' jfb]n] ljsf; lgdf0f{sf sfddf pkef]Qmfx?n] u/]sf sfdnfO{ gu/kflnsfn] cfly{s ;xof]u dfq geO{ sfg'gL ;xof]u ;d]t ug{] atfP . gu/kflnsf dfq ljsf;sf sfdx? ug{ g;Sg] ePsfn] gu/df ePsf ;a} pkef]Qmfx?sf] ;xeflutf / ;xof]udf sfdx? cuf8L a9fO{g] ;d]t atfPsf lyP . gu/kflnsf t Pp6f cleefjs ePsfn] ;a} j8fdf ;a} ljsf;sf sfdx? ug{" kg{] atfpFb} pkef]Qmf cfkm} hfu?s eP/ cfkm\gf] j8f / 6f]ndf s:tf] ljsf;nfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstf lbg' kg{] xf], ToxL cg';f/ cuf8L a9g\ ;'emfa

lbPsf lyP . sfo{qmddf j8f cWoIf z]/ axfb'/ ;'jfnn] of]hgf agfpg ;'emfj lbb} j8fn] ;Sbf] ;xof]u ug{] jtfPsf lyP .

To;}u/L l;gfufn dfu{ 6f]n ;'wf/ ;ldltsf cWoIf /Tgs'z /lGht, r]i6f ;fKtflxssf sfof{no k|dv ' nId0f ltdlN;gf nufPtsf AolQmx?n] z'esfdgf dGtAo /fv]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf ;+:yfsf] jflif{s k|lta]bg ;f]sn' 8+uf]n, cfly{s k|lta]bg sf]iffWoIf /fd k|hfkltn] /f]vsf lyP . ;+:yfn] 6f]ndf 9n, vfg]kfgL, af6f] dd{t, ;/;kmfO{, hfqf kj{ Aoa:yfkg nufotsf sfdx? u/]sf] hfgsf/L lbPsf lyP . sfo{qmdsf] aGb ;qn] ljqmd k|hfkltsf] cWoIftfdf gofF sfo{ ;ldlt lgjf{lrt ePsf] 5 . h;sf] pkfWoIfdf ;'o{gf/fo0f k|hfklt, ;lra ;f]s'n 8+uf]n, sf]iffWoIf /fd k|hfklt nufot lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt ePsf 5g\ .

pu|tf/f ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]kf &, sfe|s ] f]

kGw|f+} jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DaGwL ;"rgf pk/f]Qm ;DjGwdf o; ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns ;ldltsf] ldlt @)&%.)%.)@ ut] j;]sf] j}7ssf] lg0f{o cg';f/ lgDg ljifox?df 5nkmn u/L lg0f{o ug{sf] nfuL lgDg ldlt, ;do / :yfgdf kGw|f+} jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef j:g] ePsf]n] ;Dk"0f{ z]o/ ;b:o dxfg'efjx?sf] ;d'kl:yltsf] nflu xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5' .

5nkmnsf dV ' o ljifox?M– != ;lrj, sfi]ffWoIf,tyf nv ] f ;ldltsf] cf=j=@)&$.)&% sf] jflifs { kl|tjb]g 5nkmn u/L kfl/t ug{] ;DjGwdf . @=;:+yfsf] cf=j=@)&$.)&% sf] nv ] f k/LIf0f kl|tjb]g 5nkmn u/L kfl/t ug{] ;DjGwdf . # ;+:yfsf] cf=j=@)&%)&^ sf]] x/lx;fj n]vf k/LIf0f u/fpg n]vf k/LIfssf] lgo'QmL / gLhsf] kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f ug]{ ;DjGwdf . $= ;+rfns ;ldltn] cf=j=@)&%.)&^ sf] nflu tof/ u/]sf] jflif{s sfo{ of]hgf tyf jh]6 sfo{s|dnfO{ 5nkmn u/L kfl/t ug]{ ;DjGwdf . %= nfef+z :jLs[t ug]{ ;DjGwdf . ^=cf=j=@)&$.)&% sf] cjlwdf ;+rfns ;ldltsf] lg0f{ojf6 eP u/]sf sfd sf/jfxLx?sf] cg'df]bg ug]{ ;DjGwdf &= ljlgod tyf gLltx? z+;f]wg ug]{ / sfo{ljwLx? kfl/t ug]{ ;DjGwdf . *=k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[tsf] kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf ;DjGwdf . (= ljljw . sfo{s|dM ldlt :yfg ;b:otf btf{ ;do sfo{qmd k|f/De vfhf

M M M M M

g]kfnL sf+u|];n] 1fkgkq w'lnv]n÷g]kfnL sf+u|]; sfe|]n] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no sfe|] dfkm{t k|wfgdGqL sfof{nodf 1fkg kq a'emfPsf] 5 . ;efklt dw' cfrfo{sf] g]t[Tjdf k'u]sf] 6f]nLn] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L s[i0faxfb'/ /fptnfO{ 1fkgkq a'emfpFb} gful/ssf ;d:ofdf Wofg lbg cfu|x u/]sf] lyof] .

1fkg kqdf af9Lsf sf/0f d08g b]pk'/ gu/kflnsf, ;flkË nufotsf If]qdf ePsf] klx/f]df lj:yflkt kl/jf/x?sf] Aoj:yfkg ug{, e'sDkdf Iflt ePsf kLl8tx?sf] u'gf;f] ;'g'jfO{ ug{, ;Demf}tf ePsfx?nfO{ ls:tf ;xh agfpg, :yfgLo ;/sf/x?n] tf]s]sf] s/ 36fpg, d'Noa[l4 lgoGq0f ug{, lzIff sfof{no

;Dks{ kmf]g g+ )!!–^^)$#(÷^^)^)(

sd{rf/L cfjZostf o; ;xsf/L ;:+yf ln=sf] nflu bx]foadfl]hdsf sdr{f/L cfjZos ePsf] xb'F f ofU]otf ku's ] f JolQmx?n] cfkmg\f] ofU]otfsf] kd|f0fkq / afof8]f6f;lxt ! xKtfleq sfofn { odf ;Dks{ /fVgx'g' cg/'fw] ul/G5 . != kb M ahf/ kl|tlglw ofU]otf M ±@ jf ;f] ;/x cge'jLnfO{ ljzi]f kf|yldstf lbOg5] .

;V+of M # tna M cfk;L ;dembf/Ldf

;Dks{ M

aha|f/fxL art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;:+yf ln= agk]f !), kn ' ahf/, sfe]| kmfg] g=+ )!!–^^#%!&

a'emfof]

sfe|]4f/f ul/Psf] cj}B lzIfs lgo'lQm k|s[of vf/]h ug{] lg0f{o ;Rofpg / t/sf/Ldf x'Fb} u/]sf] ljrf}lnof cGTo ug{ dfu u/]sf] 5 . afl9 kLl8tx?sf] xsdf a'waf/ dfq} d08g b]pk'/ gu/kflnsfn] e'ue{ ljbsf] 6f]nL NofO{ pQm :yfgsf] cWoog u/L tTsfn cGoq Aoj:yfkg ug{] tof/L eO{;s]sf] 5 . To:t} lzIfsx?sf] lgo'lQm vf/]hsf nflu lzIfs ;+3sf ;d]t g]tf /x]sf] lzIfs dxf;3sf cWoIf clZjg rf}nfufO{ / pgs} g]tf /fh]z/fh dxtn] x:tfIf/ ul/;s]sf 5g\ . leq x:tfIf/ u/]/ ;xdlt u/]/ cfpg] / aflx/ b]vfj6L /fhgLltsf nflu 1fkg kq a'emfpg] bf]xf]]/f] rl/q b]vfPsf] eGb} lzIfsx?n] g} cfnf]rgf u/]sf 5g\ .

cfjZostf bf];f| k] 6s k|sflzt ldlt M @)&%÷%÷!$

o; ljBfnosf nflu lgDgfg';f/sf lzIfs cfjZos ePsf]n] OR5's of]Uotf k'u]sf pDd]bjf/x?af6 JolQmut ljj/0f / b'O{ k|lt kf;kf]6{ ;fOhsf] kmf]6f] ;fy} z}lIfs of]Uotf, rfl/lqs k|df0f–kq / gful/stfsf] k|df0f–kq k|ltlnkLx?, cWoog cg'dlt kqsf] k|ltlnlk / cg'ejsf] k|df0f–kqsf] k|ltlnkL ;lxt ;+nUg u/L b/vf:t cfJxfg ul/Psf] 5 .

#= ;]jf M s/f/ $= pd]/ M @! jif{ pd]/ k'/f eO{ $) jif{ ggf3]sf] %= Go"gtd zf}lIfs of]Uotf M ;DalGwt ljifodf Go"gtd l4tLo >]0fLdf :gfQsf]Q/ ^= u|fxotf M cg'ejLnfO{ ljz]if u|fxotf lbO{g] 5 . &= b/vf:t lbg] clGtd ldlt M @)&% efb| @) ut] a'waf/ ljBfno ;do;Dd *= k/LIffsf] lsl;d M lnlvt,cGtjf{tf{ / sIff lzIf0f (= k/LIff b:t'/ M ?= !%))÷– !)= k/LIff / cGtjf{tf ldlt M ;Dks{ ldltsf] lbg hfgsf/L u/fOg] 5 . !!= ;Dks{ ldlt M @)&% efb| @! ut] ljxLaf/ lbgsf] !! ah] lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf nflu ljbfsf lbg afx]s ljxfg !) ah] b]lv $ ah] ;Dd ljBfnodf jf df]jfOn g+= (*$!$*^(*@, (*$!@@##!@, (*%!!^%!(^ / (*%!!%$#)) df ;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf . k|wfgfWofks

;~hLjgL dfWolds ljBfno w'lnv]n–&, sfe]k| nf~rf]s

@)&% cflZjg ^ ut], zlgaf/ c/lgsf] kf6L{ Kofn];,jg]kf ljxfg !)=#) ah] b]lv !M)) ah] ;Dd lbgsf] 7Ls !@M!% ah] lbgsf] @=)) jh] .

gf]6 M ;fwf/0f ;efdf tf]lsPsf] ;dodf :jo+ pkl:yt x'g] z]o/ ;b:ox?nfO{ dfq kl/jxg vr{ lbOg] 5 .ut cfly{s jif{ leq lgoldt jrt gug]{ z]o/ ;b:ox?nfO{ kl/jxg vr{ lbOg] 5}g . lgoldt jrt ug{ jf+sL ;b:ox?n] @)&% c;f]h % ut] leq jrt ul/lbg' x'g]5 .;fwf/0f ;efdf efu lng cfp+bf ;+:yfn] lbPsf] kq jf s'g} k|df0f ;fy} lnP/ cfpg' xf]nf . pk/f]Qmfg';f/sf] kq ;j} z]o/ ;b:ox?nfO{ k7fO;lsPsf] 5, sy+sbflrt kq k|fKt ug{ g;Sg' ePdf o;} ;"rgfnfO{ cf3f/ dfgL ;fwf/0f ;efdf efu lng cfpg' x'g cg'/f]w ul/G5 .

-lbo];/Tg zfSo_ ;lrj

jif{ @$ c+s $$ @)&% ebf} !$ ut] ljxLjf/

lkk'N; art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= d'Vo sfof{noM ag]kf–!), ;]tf]kf6Lrf]s kmf]gM )!!–^*)@)*, ;]jf sfof{noM ag]kf–*, kmf]gM )!!–^^)**&, sfe|]

!@ cf}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DaGwL ;"rgf pk/f]Qm ljifodf ldlt @)&%÷)#÷)( ut]sf lbg a;]sf] ;+rfns ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{o cg';f/ o; ;+:yfsf] afx|f}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef lgDg ldlt, :yfg / ;dodf x'g] ePsf] x'Fbf pQm ;efdf oxfFnflu clgjfo{ pkl:ytL x'g xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ . ;fy} ;Dk"0f{ z]o/ ;b:oHo"x?nfO{ ;efdf pkl:ytLsf nflu kq k7fO{ ;lsPsf] hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f},+ olb kq k|fKt gePdf o;} ;"rgfnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL ;fwf/0f ;efdf ;xeflu eO{ lbgx'g xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ .

5nkmnsf ljifox?M– != ;lrjsf] jflifs { ku|lt kl|tjb]g tyf cf=j= )&%÷)&^ sf] nflu gLlt tyf sfoq{md ;DaGwdf . @= jflif{s cfo–Aoo tyf sf]iffWoIfsf] k|ltj]bg ;DaGwdf . #= n]vf tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ;ldltsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg ;DaGwdf . $= cf=j= )&%÷)&^ sf] nflu cg'dflgt ah]6 ;DaGwdf . %= cf=j= )&$÷)&% sf] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg 5nkmn tyf cg'df]b ;DaGwdf . ^= cf=j= )&%÷)&^ sf] nflu n]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQm tyf kfl/>lds tf]Sg] ;DaGwdf . &= pk–;ldltx?sf] k|lta]bg kfl/t ;DaGwdf . *= afx|f+} jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef lg0f{o k|dfl0ft ug{ k|ltlglw rog ;DaGwdf . (= ;+:yfsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ cfGtl/s sfo{ljlwx? cg'df]bg ;DaGwdf . !)= kfl/>lds, a}7s eQf tyf ;]jf ;'lawf tf]Sg] ;DaGwdf . !!= ljlgod ;+;f]wg ;DaGwdf .

!@=ljljw .

sfo{qmd tflnsf

ldlt M @)&% efb| !^ ut], zlgaf/ pb\3f6g sfo{qmdM !!M#) – !M#) ah] :yfg M ag]kf kf6L{ e]Go", ag]kf–* -do"/ xn cuf8L_ vfhf / lrof M !M#) – @M)) ah] pkl:yt gfd btf{ M laxfg !)M)) ah] aGb;q sfo{qmd M @M)) – $M)) ah] gf]6M != ;+:yfn] pknAw u/fPsf] ;b:o klxrfg kmf/fd (Know Your Member) e/L ldlt @)&% efb| !) ut] leq ;+:yfdf a'emfO{;Sg' kg]{5 . @= ;fwf/0f ;efdf efu lng] ;b:o :jo+ ;+:yfn] ljt/0f u/]sf] kl/ro kq jf ;fwf/0f ;efsf] kq clgjfo{ ?kdf lnP/ cfpg' kg]{5 . #=;fwf/0f ;efdf ;b:o :jo+ pkl:yt x'g'kg]{5 . k|ltlglwnfO{ ;xefuL u/fOg] 5}g . $= ;fwf/0f ;efdf efu lng ;b:onfO{ ;fwf/0f ;ef z'Ns nfUg] 5}g . %= !)M)) ah] b]lv pb\3f6g ;q cjlwe/ gfd btf{{ ug'{x'g] z]o/ ;b:oHo"x?nfO{ cft]hft] oftfoft vr{ ljt/0f ul/g] 5 . ^= Ps cf=j= ;Dd lgis[o eO{ lgoldt art gug]{ ;b:ox?n] Psd'i7 /sd @)&% efb| !) ut];Dd hDdf ug'{x'g ;'lrt ul/G5 . cGoyf ;fwf/0f ;efdf pknAw u/fpg] cft]hft] oftfoft vr{ e"QmfgL ug]{÷gug]{ clwsf/ ;+:yfdf lglxt /xg] 5 . &= cf=j= )&$÷)&% ;fndf SEE plQ0f{ ug{' x'g] afn artstf{x?n] cfkm\gf] k|df0fkq ldlt @)&% efb| !) ut] leq ;+:yfdf pknAw u/fpg' xf]nf h; dWo]af6 pTs[i6 b'O{ hgfnfO{ ;fwf/0f ;efdf ;Ddfg ul/g] 5 . ?= !),))).– z]o/ /sd gk'us ] f ;b:ox?nfO{ o;} cf=j= leq ?= !),))).– a/fa/sf] z]o/ vl/b u/L lkk'N; lg/Gt/ art ug'x{ g' xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ . pQm of]hgf k"/f ug'x{ g' ] z]o/ ;b:ox?nfO{ lkk'N; /fxt nufot cGo sf]ifdf cfa4 u/fOg] 5 .

kjg /fh s0f{hLt ;lrj

jfh L f / c f s ;x lblnk zdf{

;xsf/L cleofg c;kmntfsf kIfx? @^% aif{ eGbf klg k'/fgf] Oltxf; /r]sf] ;xsf/L cfGbf]ng g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df ^% aif{sf] O{ltxf; e};s]sf] 5 . o; cjlw leq w]/} eGbf w]/} AolQmx?n] o; cfGbf]ngsf ;Gbe{df pkflw u|x0f ul/;s]sf 5g\ . ;xsf/Lsf af/]df O{ltxf; /r]sf g]kfnsf k|d'v AolQmTjx? ;xsf/Lsf d"No, dfGotf, dd{, P]g tyf lgodfjnLsf 1ftfx? w]/} kfO{G5g\ . ;+VofTds ?kdf #$%!@ ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? btf{ eO{ cufl8 a9]sf] tYof+s xfdL;Fu ePklg slt ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx? lgoldt ?kdf ;xsf/L gLlt, ljlw tyf P]gsf dd{ cg';f/ rn]sf 5g\ t eGg] Plsg ug{ ;lsPsf] cj:yf rflx eg] kSs} 5}g . o;/L x]g{ ;lsPsf] v08df ;xsf/Lsf] u'0ffTds a[l4sf af/]df ;lhn} ax; ug{ ;lsGYof] xf]nf . cfhsf lbg;Dd o:tf laifodf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ lgodg ug{sf nflu :yflkt ;xsf/L lgsfox? tyf ;xsf/L ;+3x?sf] kxn hlt x'g'kg]{ lyof] TotL ePsf] rfFxL kSs} 5}g . sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfdf g} x]g]{ xf] eg] slt ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? s'g s'g :yfgLo txx?df slt 5g\ eGg] ;Ddsf] tYof+s ;Dd klg cleofgdf nfu]sf cfwfsfl/s lgsfo tyf AolQmx?;Fu 5}g . ;+VofTds ?kdf g} o:tf] hl6ntf 5g] eg] u'0ffTds ?kdf ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx? s] < s;/L < s:tf < ;xsf/L / s;/L ;~rfngdf 5g\ eGg] laifo t emg hl6n g} 5 . ;+VofTds ?kdf h] htL ?kdf ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngn] km8\sf] df/]sf] b]lvPtf klg u'0ffTds ?kdf s;/L cufl8 a9\g ;S5 eGg] laifo klg plQs} dxTjk"0f{ ePsf] 5 . ;xsf/Lsf] Ifq]df nfdf] O{ltxf; /x]tfklg ;+VofTds ?kdf dfq ;xsf/Lx?sf] AofVof ub}{ lx8\bf u'0ffTds ?kdf o;sf] Vofn gug]{ xf] eg] ;xsf/Lsf] dd{ / efjgf st} w/fkdf t kg]{ xf}Og eGg] cg'dfg ug{ w]/} kv{g' klg kb}{g . o:tf ;d:of tyf b]lvPsf cGof}ntf s;/L l;h{gf eof] / x'b}5 t eGg] ljZn]if0f ;lxt ;xsf/LnfO{ h/} b]lv ;'l4s/0f ug'{kg]{ cj:yf cfPsf] 5 . ;xsf/Lsf cleofgdf nfUg] cleoGtfx?n] o:tf kIfx?;Fu Ps cfk;df 5nkmn cGt{lqmof tyf a}7s al; ;dodf g} lg/fs/0fsf pkfox? cjnDag ug'{kg]{ b]vG5 . ;xsf/Lsf ;Gbe{df jf of] cleofgdf s]lx ;do Aoltt ub}{ ubf{ cleofgdf nflu kg]{ cleofgstf{x? aLrdf g} s]lx ;d:of b]lvPsf] kf] xf] ls eGg] cfefif ;lhn} b]Vg kfO{G5 . ;xsf/Lx? aLrdf ;d:ofx? s]nfpFbf l+;+uf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;xof]u k'Ub5 a]kmfObf eg] kSs} x'b}g . b]lvPsf sld sdhf]/Lx?nfO{ h/}af6 ;dfwfg vf]Hg] laGb' klxNofpg ;s] l;+uf] ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngn] g} u'0ffTds a[l4 ;d]t ug]{ sf/0f xfd|f ;fd" b]lvPsf o:tf laifosf af/]df 5nkmn ug'k{ g]{ ePsf] 5 . ;xsf/L cfgbf]ngnfO{ ;fy{s ?k lbgsf nflu oL laifox?df ulDe/tf k"js { nfUg ;s]df s]lx dfqfdf ;D:of ;dfwfg x'g5 ] M s= Team spirit df cefj M ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;fy{s ?k lbgsf nflu ;a}sf] ;femf Ph]08f ;xsf/L cleofg aGg ;Sg'k5{ . Pp6fn] cleofg rnfpg] eg]sf] ;'?jftL r/0fdf xf] . o:tf cleofg cfb/0fLo AolQmTjx?n] w]/} ul/;Sg' ePsf] 5 . egfOdf ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngsf rsf]{ gf/f to ub}{ efif0f ug]{ cleofgstf{x?n] ;a} ;xsf/Lsf laifo d}n] dfq y]us ] f] h:tf] ub}{ csf{sf] larf/sf ;d]t sb/ gug]{ afgLn] l;+uf] ;xsf/Lsf] cleofg tx; gx; x'g] s'/fdf b'Odt 5}g . oxfF Pstfsf] cefj 5 . Pp6f :yfgLo:t/df pQm :yfgdf g} /x]sf ;xsf/LsdL{x? ldn]/ ;xsf/L dd{ cg';f/ g} ;xsf/L ;~rfng x'g] jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf ug{ ;Sg'kb{5 . ljgfsf/0f x:tIf]k ub}{ cfGbf]ngnfO{ c;xof]u ug]{ xf] eg] prfO{df slxNo} k'Ug ;Sb}gf} . cleofgsf AolQmTjx? aLrsf] Pstf tyf ;+:yf leqsf] Pstf / Psn] csf]n{ fO{ cleofgsf] cleoGtf xf] eGg] ;f]rs ] f] ljsf; hlxn];Dd x'bg} To; ;od ;Dd cleofgn] ;fy{s ?k lng ;Sb}g . lhNnfdf /x]sf ;xsf/L ;+3 rfx] laifout xf]; jf lhNnf ;+3 xf]; ;a}sf] Ps csf{sf] cl:tTj l:jsf/ gug]{ / Psn] csf{sf] Ifdtfsf] ;d]t sb/ gug]{ xf] eg] ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngsf nIo tyf p2]Zo k'/f x'g ;Sb}g . oxfF ;xsf/L ;xsf/L aLrsf] d"Nof+sg Aofn]G; l;6 af6 ug]{ ul/G5 . To;sf] u'0ffTds ;'wf/sf kIfx?nfO{ s;}n] kIf kf]if0f g} ub}g{ . lxhf] s] lyof] eGg] cfwf/x?nfO{ t'ngf dfq ub}{ cufl8 a9\b} hfg] xf] eg] cfhsf k':tfx?n] o;sf] af/]df lat[i0ff k}bf u/fO{ l;+uf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ r"gf]tL lbg ;Sg] kIfx?nfO{ Vofn ug'k{ g]{ b]lvG5 . v= c:j:y k|ltikwf{ M ;xsf/L ;:+yfx? ;xsf/Lsf] dd{ cg;'f/ g} rNgk'b5 { eGg] ;an}fO{ 1fg 5 . lhNnfsf ;Gbed{f ;xsf/L ;:+yfx? o; cjlwdf c:j:y kl|tikwfT{ds ?kdf ;~rfng eO/xs ] f] ki|6 bl]vG5 . cfkmg\f sfo{ Ifq] eGbf aflx/ uP/ ;b:otf al[4sf nflu ;xsf/Lx? lbg/ft ldxg]t ul//xs ] f 5g\ :yfgLo:t/df bl]vPsf Jojxf/x?nfO{ xb]f{ la1fkg ub{} ljleGg vfnsf nfe] bv ] fO{ ;:+yfx?n] ;b:otf al[4 ub{} cufl8 a9L/xs ] f 5g\ . o:tf vfnsf Jojxf/sf sf/0f efl]nsf lbgdf agfOPsf pQm ;b:ox?nfO{ lbg] ;l'jwfx?n] cflys { kIf w/fkdf kg;{Sg] nIf0f ki|6 bV]g ;lsG5 . :yfgLo:t/df uP/ cGo ks | l[tsf :yfgLo:t/df g} ;~rfng ePsf ;xsf/Lx?sf] af/d]f ul/g] gsf/fTds l6Kk0fLx?n] cleofg g} cfe]mn]df kg{] cj:yf bl]vG5 . u= csf{sf] cl:tTj l:sf/ ug{ g;Sg' M xfn ;xsf/L cfGbf]ndf b]lvPsf] csf]{ ;d:of eg]sf] Pp6} cleofgdf ePklg Pp6f ;xsf/Lsf] g]t[Tj u/]sf] AolQmsf] cl:tTj csf]{n] ;xh} l:jsf/ ug{ g;Sg' k|d'v sf/0f sf] ?kdf b]lvPsf] 5 . /fd|} larf/ /fv]klg 76\of}nLsf] ?kdf p8fP/ ;xsf/L dd{sf] lvlNn p8fPsf] k|i6} b]Vg ;lsG5 . of] cleofgdf cfly{s ?kn] ;DkGg, ljleGg lx;fjn] dfly;Dd kx'Fr /fVg], ;jf/L ;fwg ePsfx?sf] afx'Notf /x]sf] AolQmx?sf] kx'Frdf a[l4 ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;xsf/L dd{, efjgf cg';f/ rNg] ;fgf ;xsf/Lx?n] slx st} :yfg gkfpg] cj:yf l;h{gf ePsf sf/0f / ;lx larf/nfO{ v/fj b]Vg] dgf]a[lQn] ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngn] ult lng g;Sg] k|i6} b]lvG5 .

3= efOrf/fsf] ;DjGwdf sdL M ;xsf/Lsf l;4fGtsf cfwf/nfO{ lgofNg] xf] eg] Ps csf{nfO{ cK7\of/f] k/]sf] a]nfdf ;xof]uL ag]]/ ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ sfd g} ;xsfo{ xf] . cfhsn ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? aLr b]lvPsf] ;d:of eg]sf] ;xsf/L ;xsf/L aLrsf] ;dembf/Ldf lgs} sdL ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . ;xsf/L l;4fGtdf g} /x]sf a'Fbfx?nfO{ unt AofVof ub}{ Ps csf{nfO{ cfOkg]{ cg]s ;d:ofx?nfO{ ldn]/ ;dfwfg ug]{ ;f]rsf] ljsf; sd} dfq ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . Psn] /fv]sf aLrf/nfO{ v08g ug]{, cl:jsf/ ug]{, ;xsf/Ltfsf] cleofgdf gsf/fTds l6Kk0fLx? ug]{ h:tf laifo ufFlhP/ uPsf 5g\ . ª= kbsf nflu lvrftfgL M ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;kmn agfpgsf nflu ;xsf/L dd{ efjgf tyf l;4fGtsf af/]df jf ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngnfO{ s;/L lgisif{df k'/\ofpg ;lsG5 eGg] af/]df /fd|f] 1fg ePsf] AolQm x'Fbf 5f]6f] ;dodf w]/} sfo{x? ug{ ;lsG5 . t/ oxfF ljleGg vfnsf rfs8L, rfKn';L / eg;'gsf e/df ljleGg tx / tKsfdf g]t[Tj lng] xf]8 rn]sfn] cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;fy{s lgisif{df k'/\ofpg sl7g x'g] ;d]t b]lvPsf] 5 . ;xsf/Lsf af/]df efif0f ug{ ;Sg] AolQmx?sf] sld 5}g oxfF . cj cfGbf]ngn] efif0f vf]h]sf] 5}g sfd vf]h]sf] 5 Tof] klg sfo{ ;"lr agfP/ cleofgnfO{ u'0ffTds ?kdf a[l4 u/fpg] AolQm vf]h]sf] 5 .

Ps csf{ k|lt lxnf] 5\ofKg] cga/t ?kdf ;xsf/LnfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ cufl8 a9]sf AolQmTjx?nfO{ k5fl8 kfg]{ vfnsf Jojxf/sf sf/0f klg cfGbf]ng kl5 ws]lng] ;Defjgfx? /x]sf 5g\ eg] kbdf k'lu;s]kl5 klg sfo{x?nfO{ lg/Gt/tf glbg] cj:yfn] l;+uf] ;xsf/L cleofg hxfFsf] ToxL /x]sf] 5 . dflysf ljleGg sf/0fx?sf af/]df ljZn]if0f ub}{ hfFbf cGo sf/0fx? klg 5'6 ePsf x'g ;Sb5g\ t/ d"Vo ?kdf xfdLn] ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngnfO{ u'0ffTds ?kdf a[l4 ub}{ hfg] c7f]6 lnPsf ;fFRr} xf}+ eg] ; ;fgf b]lvPsf ;d:ofx?nfO{ lg/fs/0f ub}{ l;+uf] ;xsf/Lsf] dd{ cg';f/ ;a}nfO{ ;d]6\b} cufl8 a9\g' g} cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . ;a} ldnf}+ Pstf k|bz{g u/f}+ clg ;d[4 ;xsf/L lgdf{0fdf nfu]/ sfe|] lhNnfdf ;xsf/Lsf] u'0ffTds a[l4 u/f}+ / g]kfns} gd"gf lhNnfsf] ?kdf sfe|] lhNnfnfO{ lrgfpg] cleofg cfh}af6 ;'? u/f}+ .

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r]i6f ;fKtflxs

gu/kflnsf ;3+sf] clwjz]gdf kw|fgdGqLn] u/] ;Dafw]g

g]lj;+3 cWoIfdf g[kz ] ag]kf÷g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] eft[ ;+u7g g]kfn ljBfyL{ ;+3df nfdf] ;do b]lv cefj /x]sf] g]t[Tj ;j{;Djt ?kdf rog ePsf] 5 . agk]f lgjf;L gk[z ] afbn]fO{ gk]fn ljBfyL{ ;3+sf] cWoIfsf] lhDdj]f/L

kb|fg ul/Psf] gk]fnL sfu+;]| sfen]|] atfPsf] 5 . afb] o;cl3 sfoj{fxs cWoIfsf ?kdf sfo/{t lyP . nfdf] ;do bl]v gt]T[jljlxg /xs ] f] gl]j;3 + n] afbs ] f] lhDdj]f/L;uF} k0"ft{f kfPsf] 5 . afb] ljBfyL{ ;3s + f] ljleGg txsf] lhDdj]f/Ldf sfo/{t lyP .

lhNnf ;xsf/L ;3+sf] ;DklQ zl'4s/0f ;DjGwL tflnd k|wfgdGqL s]kL zdf{ cf]nLn] :yfgLo ;/sf/x? dfO{n:6f]gsf ?kdf /x]sfn] s]lxnfO{ ;/sf/ eGg] g} gkr]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;3sf] 5}6f} /fli6«o clwa]zgsf] pb\3f6g ;efnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub{} k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] pQm s'/f atfPsf x' g\ . b]ze/sf dxfgu/kflnsf, pk dxfgu/kflnsf, gu/kflnsfx?sf] 5ftf ;+u7g ;+3sf] 5}6f} clwa]zg /fhwfgLsf] /fli6«o ;ef u[xdf d+unaf/af6 z'? ePsf] xf] . pQm clwa]zgsf] pb\3f6g k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] u/]sf x'g\ . ;/sf/n] ^ dlxgfdf s]lx dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ u/]sf] atfpFb} cf]nLn] gu/pGd'v u|fld0f If]q ;d]l6Psf] gu/sf] k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ug{ afFsL /x]sf] atfP . k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] cfwf'lgs zx/ lgdf{0f ug{] c;n rfnsx? :yfgLo ;/sf/sf k|dv ' x? ePsfn] s]Gb| / k|bz ] ;/sf/ :yfgLo ;/sf/sf rfnsx?;Fu ;xsfo{ / k|fljlws ;xof]u ug{ tof/ /x]sf] atfP . …ufpF ufpFdf ;/sf/ eGg] s;} s;}nfO{ dg k/]sf] 5}g, ;/sf/ eg]sf] 7fn' k|jl[ Qsf] dfgl;stfnfO{ dfq} dfGg]x?n] :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{{ x]Kg] u/]sf 5g\Ú–k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] eg]–…:yfgLo ;/sf/sf pkk|d'vx?nfO{ GofoLs ;ldltsf] ;d]t lhDd]jf/L 5, 7fn'x?n] dlxnfx? klg GofofwLz x'g ;S5g / < eg]/ x]Kg] u/]sf 5g\ .Ú :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{ hg;/sf/sf ?kdf ljsf; ul/g' kg{] atfpFb} k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] gofF cEof; ePsfn] ;a} lrh gldn]sf] x'g ;Sg] :ki6 kf/] . c;f]h # ut] leq ;a} sfg'x? lgdf{0f ul/;Sg] atfpFb} k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] k|b]zsf nflu gd'gf sfg'g agfpg], z';f;g / ljsf;sf nflu s]lGb|t x'Fb} sd{rf/L ;dfof]hg, gLlt sfo{qmd / ah]6 tof/ ul//xFbf xf}jf km}nfPsf] atfP . …TofGb|f]

;dft]/ /fhgLlt ug{] qmdnfO{ hlt prfn] klg s]lx x'bF g} Ú–pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj a9fpg, /f]huf/sf >]q a9fpg] If]qdf nufgL ug{ cfAxfg ub{5' .Ú hgk|ltlglwsf] k|f6] f]sn s]lx lbgd} kl/jt{g x'g] atfpFb} k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] s/sf] s'/f a'emfpg l9nf gug{ cg'/f]w u/] . :yfgLo ;/sf/n] nufPsf] s/n] s]Gb| ;/sf/sf] cfnf]rgf ePsf] 5 t/ s/ xNnf eP h:tf] ga9]sf] k|wfgdGqLn] atfP . ;+3sf ;+of]hs czf]s Aof~h'sf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf k|bz ] gDj/ # sf d'Vo dGqL 8f]/d0fL kf}8o\ fnn] clwsf/ ;DkGg ePsf :yfgLo ;/sf/ lgb{l] zt geO{ Ps csf{sf kl/k'/s ePsf] atfP . ;+ljwfg hf/L kl5 nfdf] ;do;Dd sfg'g gagfpFbf k|bz ] ;/sf/n] sfd ug{ g;s]sf] d'Vo dGqL kf}8o\ fnn] eg] . sd{rf/L cefj ePsf] atfpFb} d'Vo dGqL kf}8o\ fnn] rqm pN6f] 3'ds ] fn] ;d:of ePsf] atfP . sfo{qmddf g]kfnL sf+u;]| sf pk ;efklt ljdn]Gb| lglwn] s/sf] b/ geO{ bfo/f a9fpg' kg{] atfP . /fhkf g]kfnsf dxfdGqL lht]Gb| ;f]gfnn] dw]z / kxf8df lje]b ePsf] atfP . sfo{qmddf sf7df8f} dxfgu/kflnsf k|dv ' ljBf;'Gb/ zfSo, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt dxf;+3sf cWoIf zflGt ;'Gbf;, uflj; dxf;+3sf cWoIf xf]dgf/fo0f >]i7, g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf sfo{sf/L ;lrj snflgwL b]jsf]6f nufotn] @)%) ;fndf :yfkgf ePsf] ;+3n] u/]sf d'Vo d'Vo sfdx?sf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP . ;f]lx cj;/df ;+3sf] b]ze/sf gu/kflnsfx?sf] ljj/0f ePsf] PK; k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf lyP . clwa]zgsf] aGb ;qn] k|bz ] cg';f/sf ljwfg tof/ u/L gofF g]tT[ j rog ug{] ;+of]hs Aof~h'n] hfgsf/L lbP .

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kbk"tL{ pk;ldlt

>L ;j{du+ nf dfWolds ljBfno

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BBS

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Banepa

Siddhartha College

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Banepa-8, Kavre, Phone: 011-661110

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