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CHESHTA WEEKLY jif{ @$ c+s $# @)&% ebf} & ut] ljxLjf/ (Thursday, 23

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lzIfsx?sf] sfh ;?jf vf/]h ePsf] lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt sfe|]sf k|d'v p4j s];Ln] atfP . lhNnfdf /x]sf !# j6} :yfgLo ;/sf/sf k|d'vx?sf] pkl:ytLdf lzIff ;dGjo OsfO{ sfe|k] nf~rf]sn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] a}7sdf ;dGjo ;ldltsf k|d'v s];Ln] sfg"g ljgf ul/Psf ;a} vfnsf sfh ;?jf vf/]h u/]sf] atfP . ;fpg @) ut] pQm ;ldltsf] a}7sn] dgnfUbL sfh ;?jf ul/Psf lzIfsx?sf] ;?jf vf/]h ug{] lg0f{o sfof{Gjogsf nflu :yfgLo ;/sf/sf k|dv ' x?sf] a}7s cfof]hgf

NIST NIST NIST NIST College ag]kfdf B.Sc CSIT / B.Sc General sf] z}lIfs ;fq @)&% sf] egf{sf] nflu cfj]bg kmf/fd ljt/0f eO/x]sf] 5 . B.Sc. CSIT T.U. kmf/d eg{] clGtd ldlt M @)&% efb| !( ut] ;Dd T.U. k|j]z k/LIff ldlt M @)&% c;f]h ^ ut]

B.Sc. General T.U. kmf/d eg{] clGtd ldlt M @)&% sflt{s @) ut] ;Dd T.U. k|j]z k/LIff ldlt M @)&% d+l;/ * ut]

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NIST COLLEGE (T.U. Affiliated)

gofFj:tL, ag]kf–(, sfe|], kmf]g g+= )!!–^^)&(@, ^^@#%%

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cfkm'n] 8fo/Ldf gf]6 u/]sf] atfP . uhd]/ sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfs} x'g\ . kf6L{ a}7sdf ;xefuL ePsfn] pQm 36gfdf cfkm\gf] ;+nUgtf gePsf] pgn] atfP . ulDe/ eGg] s[i0f wdnf lhjGtsf] 8fo/Ldf s'G;fËsf] qm;/df a}zfvdf sf/jfxL ug{] s'/f km]nf k/]sf] lyof] . wdnfn] cfkm\gf] 8fo/L eP klg pQm cIf/ cfkm'n] gn]v]sf] aofg lbPsf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLsf tfD;flnË Ao'/f]sf OGrfh{ afa'/fd uhd]/ eGg] hutn] @)&% ;fpg ^ b]lv * ut] ;Dd slknj:t'df kf6L{sf] ;ftf} s]lG›o a}7sdf pQm qm;/ hnfpg' ;kmntf ePsf] k|ltj]bg k]z u/]sf lyP . gdf]a'4 afFsL !) k]hdf

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$%, cfwf/e't tx sIff ! b]lv * ;Ddsf (( / k|fylds tx sIff ! b]lv % ;Ddsf # ;o $@ u/L % ;o *^ ;fd'bflos ljBfno 5g\ . cfwf/e't txdf sIff ! dfq} ;+rfng ePsf] Pp6f dfq} ljBfno 5 . sIff ! / @ ;+rfng ug{] ^ j6f ljBfno 5g\ eg] ! b]lv # ;Ddsf] &) j6f, ! b]lv $ ;Ddsf] !# j6f / ! b]lv % ;Ddsf] @ ;o %@ j6f /x]sf 5g\ . To:t} cfwf/e't txdf sIff ! afFsL @ k]hdf

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af/]df hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP . k|x/Ln] s'g} s;'/df AolQm kqmfp ubf{ cbfntnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg{] / k|x/Ln] ph'/L glnP ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{nodf ;d]t ph'/L lbg ;lsg] Aoj:yf ;+lxtfn] u/]sf] 5 . ;+lxtfdf s]lx ck/fwdf ;hfoF a9fO{Psf] / s]lxdf 36fO{Psf] 5 . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf k|d'v p4j s];L, k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L s[i0faxfb'/ /fpt, k|x/L k|d'v P;kL ;xs'naxfb'/ yfkf, GofofwLz ;'o{gfy k|sfz clwsf/L, lhNnf ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{nosf k|dv ' GofoflwjQmf ltns sfsL{, ;xfos /fhg xdfn, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 sfe|] zfvfsf cWoIf df]lt/fd ltdlN;gf, g]kfn af/ Pzf]l;P;gsf cWoIf s[i0f ;fksf]6f, lhNnfsf ljleGg sfof{nosf k|dv ' x?sf] afFsL @ k]hdf

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r]i6f ;fKtflxs

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2075/4/31 2075/5/1 2075/5/2 2075/5/3 2075/5/4 2075/5/5 2075/5/6

M ;|f]t

47670/47670/47670/47840/47840/47840/48095/-

55602/55602/55602/55000/55000/55000/56098/-

613/617/617/621/621/617/617/-

715/720/720/734/33 734/33 720/720/-

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hGd, afNosfn, cf}krfl/s lzIffM @)## ;fn h]i7 ( ut] ;fljs zf/bfatf;] ufpF ljsf; ;ldltdf d]/f] hGd ePsf] xf] . afNosfn ;fdfGo ?kn] laTof] . k|f/lDes lzIff sflnsf lgDg dfWolds ljBfnoaf6 z'? eof] . ToxfFsf] lgDg dfWolds txsf] ljBfnosf] cWoog ;s]/ d}n] w'lnv]ndf /x]sf] ;~hLjgL dfljaf6 yk cWoog u/]+ . Tolxaf6 P;Pn;L plQ0f{ u/]+ . P;Pn;L plQ0f{ kl5 sf7df8f}sf] ;/:jtL ax'd'vL SofDk;df cfO{sddf egf{ ePF . ToxfF b'O{ jif{ cWoog u/]kl5 k'gM r}tGo SofDk;df egf{ ePF . Ph's]zg ljifodf egf{ eO{ cfO{P8 cWoog ;sfPF . ljP8 ;Ddsf] cWoog ;s]kl5 PdP8 / PdP klg d}n] cWoog u/]+ . cem} d}n] cWoognfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg'k5{ h:tf] cg'e"lt ePsf] 5 . kl/jf/sf] kfFrf} ;Gtfg lyPF d . t/ klg d}n] d eGbf cl3sf tLg ;Gtfgsf] cg'xf/ b]Vg kfO{gF . bfO{ / lbbLx?sf] afNosfn k'/} laTg kfPg5 . a'af g]kfn k|x/Lsf] hflu/df x'g'x'Fbf] /x]5 . ;Gtfgsf] lzIff klxnf] cfjZostf /x]5 eGg] a'afn] cg'e"lt ug{' ePsf] /x]5 . s[lif k]zfdf ;+nUg x'Fb} hflu/ ;d]t vfg' ePsfn] k9fpg' k5{ eGg] ;f]r pxfFx?df lyof] . ljBfno lgoldt hfg] u/]sf] lyPF . yf]/} cWoog ubf{ klg dnfO{ k9\g cfpFYof] . ;Demg ;Sy]+ . u[xsfo{ slxNo} gu/]sf] yfxf ePg . ljBfnosf] lgod slxNo} pNn+3g ul/gF . AolQmut OR5fn] ljBfno ghfg] / ljBfno k'u]/ klg ljBfnosf] jftfj/0f dg gk/fpg] eGg] ePg . ljBfnodf s]lx p6\km6\ofË ePg . a'af cfdf v]ltkftLdf Ao:t x'g'x'GYof] . e};Lkfng cem} k|d'v Aoj;fo dflgGYof] . b'w 8]/Ldf n}hfg] / !% lbg ePkl5 k};f ljt/0f ug{] rng lyof] . a'af cfdfn] 8]/Ldf k7fpg' ePsf] lyof] . !% lbgsf] k};f @ ;o *) ?k}ofF cfof] . Tof] k};f d}n] vr{ u/]/ lhG; kfO{G6 lsg]+ . sIff * df cWoog ubf{sf] ;do lyof] . kfO{G6 nufpg] cToGt} 7'nf] rfxgf eof] . sIff & kl5 sIff * k9\g] s'/fn] cj?4 eof] . a'af s8f ldhf;sf] x'g'x'GYof] . kfO{G6 lsg]kl5 3/ hfg ;lsgF . a'af cfdfn] ufnL ug{' x'G5 eGg] 8/n] 3/ 5f8]/ dfdf3/ uPF . dfO{h'n] z+v]Zj/L dfljdf sIff * df egf{ ul/lbg' eof] . 3/sf] ofb w]/} cfof] . s]lx dlxgf ljBfno uPF . ljBfno hfg dg nfu]g . dfdf3/df a:g dg klg nfu]g . dfdf 3/af6 3/ kmls{PF . k9fO{ 5f8] kl5 3/sf] sfddf Ao:t ePF . uf]7fnf] hfg], 3fF; bfp/f ug{ nfu]+ . gofF z}lIfs z'? eP kl5 d}n] w'lnv]ndf cfP/ egf{ u/]+ . cWooglzn lyPF . cWoog ug{ ?rL klg lyof] . afndgl:ytL, 8/sf sf/0f efu]sf] lyPF . k9\g n]Vg hfFu/ x'Fbfx'Fb} klg Tof] 36gfn] Ps jif{sf] cWoog /f]lsof] . 3/af6 w]/} 6f9f lyPg . dfdf3/df a:bf dfO{h'n] w]/} hf]8 lbg' ePsf] lyof] . ljBfyL{ hLjgsfndf slxNo} lzIfssf] sf/jfxLdf kl/gF . ;~hLjgL cfO{k'Ug xfdLnfO{ !%÷@) ldg]6 dfq} nfUYof] .

;'vdf gcflQg] / b'Mvdf gdflQg] AolQm d . @^ jif{ b]lv ## jif{sf] pd]/;Dd w]/} b'Mv Aoxf]/]+ . hlt b'Mv Aoxf]/] klg cWoognfO{ /f]lsgF . ;defj, ;db'/L / ;db[li6 ;w} sfod /fv]+ . Tof] d]/f] d'n dGq g} eof] .

cltl/Qm s[ofsnfkx? x'Gy] . d k'/:s[t x'Gy]+ . /rgfTds s[ofsnfkdf sljtf k|ltof]lutfdf efu lnPsf] x'Gy]+ . aSt[Tjsnf k|ltof]lutfdf klg efu lnGy]+ . lzIfsx?n] ljifout ?kdf k|f]T;fxg ug{'x'GYof] . sIff !) df cWoog ubf{ lJfBfyL{x?sf] ;bgsf] k|d'v eP/ sfd u/]sf] lyPF . cGgk"0f{ ;bgsf] d k|d'v ePsf] lyPF . cg'zfl;t ljBfyL{sf ?kdf lrlgGy]+ . sljtf n]Vg], aSt[Tsjnfdf efu lng], ;flxTo ;Fu} v]ns'bdf efu lng] sfd x'GYof] . ljz]ifu/L lzIfsnfO{ z'esfdgf lbg] u/L sljtf n]v]sf] lyPF . sIff slxNo} a+s ul/Pg . ljBfno hfg] ;dodf xfdL ljBfno hfg] / cGo ;dodf a'af cfdfnfO{ v]ltkftLdf ;3fpg] sfd ub{Yof}+ . ljz]ifu/L xfdL uf]7fnf] hfg' kb{Yof] . 3fF; sf6\g], b'w b'x'g], vfgf ksfpg], d]nfkft ug{] ;a} sfddf xfd|f] ;xeflutf x'GYof] . Snjx? vf]n]/ ;dfhsf] ;]jf ug{] cleofgdf ;lqmo x'g] ul/GYof] . c?nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ kfpFbf dgdf cfgGb cfpFYof] . ul/ax?sf] hLjg b]Vbf kL8f x'GYof] . plgx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] kl/jf/ ;/x agfpg / clns /fd|f] ePsfx?nfO{ cem} dfyL k'¥ofpg' k5{ h:tf] nfUYof] . ljjfx, j|taGw x'Fbf efF8fs'F8f cf];f/k;f/ ug{], Aoj:yfkg ug{] sfddf b]p;L e}nf] v]Ng] u/]sf lyof}+ . cfkm\gf] ufpF cfkm} agfpF eGg] cleofg z'? eP kl5 uflj;df tLg nfv ?k}of k|fKt x'GYof] . Tof] /sdaf6 xfdLn] j8fsf] ljsf; u/]sf lyof}+ . ;fdflhs r]tgfsf s'/f gf6s d~rg, o'jf Snjdf ;xefuL eP/ ljleGg sfo{ ug{] u/]sf lyof}+ . afNosfndf cefj vf;} ePg . b'Mv klg ePg . ;'v;on df]hd:tL klg ePg . lxhf]sf] h:tf] z}lIfs k|0ffnL clxn] 5}g . @)%! ;fndf d}n] P;Pn;L kf; u/]+ . u'?x?sf] cg'zf;g s8f lyof] . ljBfyL{x? Tof] cg'zf;gdf a:g ?rfpFy] . xf]d ;]G6/ lyof] P;Pn;Lsf] kl/Iff s]Gb| . t/ klg xfdLnfO{ s8fO{ lyof] . @)%* ;fn kl5 lzIffdf clns ;xhtf ePsf] dx;'; d}n] u/]sf] 5' . klxnf c;fWo} s8f lyof] . cfsfzkftfn km/s 5 . bfofFafofF xlNng] cj:yf lyPg . ljBfyL{x?n] cfkm\gf] Ifdtf cg';f/ n]v]/ k/LIffkmn k|sfzg x'g] ub{Yof] . d}n] c?a]nf hlt k9\y] P;Pn;Lsf] a]nf klg Tolt g} k9]+ . nufj ul/gF t/ klg lgoldt cWoogn] dnfO{ ljZjf; nfUYof] . ;fdfGo ?kdf u[xsfo{ ul/GYof] . lstfjx? PskN6 kN6fP/ x]/]kl5 ;DemGy]+ . Ps dlxgf tof/L u/]/ P;P;nL kf; u/]+ . k9\g' k5{ eg]/ slxNo} ?l6g agfO{g . kf7\oqmd eGbf aflx/sf s'/fx? cWoog ug{ dg nfUYof] . @)%%÷)%^ ;fn;Dd sDo'lgi6 kqklqsfx? lgoldt cWoog ub{y]+ . P;Pn;Ldf d}n] k|yd l8lehg cfpF5 eGg] nfUof lyof] t/ bf]>f] l8lehg cfP5 . ljxfg v]tdf sfd ul//x]sf] lyPF . k/LIffkmn ;fj{hlgs ePsf] hfgsf/L eof] . t/ a]n'sf dfq} k/LIffkmnsf af/]df hfgsf/L kfPF . h]7sf] clGtd ;ftf lyof] . ;a}hgf v]tdf sfd ul//x]sf] cj:yf lyof] . lbge/ sf}t'xntf hfUof] . hg:jf:Yo sfof{nodf efGbfO{ x'g' xGYof] . d]/f] gDj/ kQf nufP/ pxfFn] lrgf] nufP/ Nofpg' eof] / d kf; ePsf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . sf}tx'ntf g} sf}t'xntfsf aLr Tof] lbg ljTof] . P;Pn;L lbP/ sDKo'6/, NofËUj]h l;Sg] cj:yf lyPg . 3/fo;L sfdd} ljTof] k/LIffkmn cfpg' cl3sf] ;do . 3/sf] sfddf ;fy lbPF . ;fyLx? aLr eljZosf af/]df slxNo} 5nkmn x'Fb}g lyof] . cfGtl/s of]hgfx? s] eP yfxf ePg . ;fyLefO{x? e]6 x'Fbf c;n / cg'zfl;t dfG5] aGg' k5{ eGg] rfFlx lyof] .

8fo/L dgsf] df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf ;/:jtL ax'd'vL SofDk;df uP/ egf{ ePF . sdz{ ljifonfO{ lnP/ cWoog u/]+ . clxn] aRrfx?nfO{ To:tf] ;d:of 5}g . s'g ljifo cWoog ug{], s] ljifo sxfF cWoog ug{] eGg] s'/f klxNo} to eO{;s]sf] x'G5 . Tof] eGbfcl3 tof/L sIffx? ;d]t lbg nufO{G5 . Tolx sf/0f clxn]sf] ;dfh P8efG; klg 5 . sf7df8f}sf y'k|} ;3if{ 5g\ . kfl/jf/Ls Ifdtf klg lyPg . r]tgf, cfly{s cj:yf b'j} s'/f x'Fbf] /x]5 . dnfO{ 8fS6/ k9\g] dg lyof] xf]nf . clglZrt g} clglZrtsf aLr d /fhwfgL nfu]+ . 5f]/f5f]/Lx?n] h] kl9 lbP klg x'G5 eGg] lyof] . o'jf cj:yf b'Mvdf k|j]z x'Fb} uof] . 3/af6 kof{Kt ?kdf cfly{s ;xof]u x'g ;Sb}g lyof] . sf]7fef8f, SofDk; z'Ns, cGo vr{ Aoj:yfkgdf klg dnfO{ ;d:of lyof] . hflu/ vf]Hg w]/} lt/ ef}tfl/P . w]/} :yfgdf hflu/ vf]Hg hfFbf kfpg ;lsPg . ;le{; kfP s8f vfnsf] d]xgt lyof] . b'O{ jif{sf] sf7df8f}sf] a;fO{ csf{s} cf>odf ljtfPF . k|yd jif{sf] cWoog u/]+ . kf; ePF . bf]>f] jif{sf] cWoog u/]+ . t/ Pp6f ljifodf c;kmn eof] . sdz{ cWoog ;s]+ . cfO{Pn cWoog ug{] ;f]rn] ufpF kmls{PF . cfO{Pn cWoog ug{] ;kgf klg ePg . Tolx jif{ lqljn] cfO{Pnsf] sIff x6fP5 . sdz{ kf; u/]sf] eP ;fob d sf7df8f} g} a:y]+ xf]nf . lzIff zf:qdf egf{ ePF . 3/af6 ag]kf;Dd lgoldt cWoogsf nflu cfpg sl7g lyof] . k};f klg cfjZos lyof] . ef]sef]s} w]/} k6s sIffdf cfO{GYof] . 3/ glhs} /x]sf] afnHof]tL k|+fljdf sfd ug{ yfn]+ . ls;fg kl/jf/df hlGdP klg kf}li6s vfgfx? vfg ldNb}g lyof] . ljxfg p7]/ lx8]sf] AolQm a]n'sf 3/ cfP/ vfg] ul/Psf] lyof] . vfgfsf] ;do ldn]sf] lyPg . d]xgt ug{'k5{ eGg] cg'e"lt lyof] . cefj 36\b} uPg . a9\b} uof] . ljBfnodf lgoldt sfd ul/GYof] . x's{]sf] 5f]/f;Fu sdfO{sf] cfz ug{' :jefljs lyof] . Tolxa]nf d]/f] ljjfx eof] . ljjfx ePkl5 3/kl/jf/;Fu cnu a:g' kg{] cj:yf l;h{gf eof] . ;fpg dlxgfdf !) lbg;Dd vfg gkfPsf] cj:yf /x\of] . lrp/f e'6]/, kfgL ttfP/ vfP/ ;'t]sf] cj:yf lyof] . kl/jf/ bfËsf] ePsfn] sfd ug{ klg ;xh lyPg . vfg gkfpFbf klg sf]lx;Fu uP/ xft km}nfpg rflxgF . b}lgs sd{df lx8]+ . afnHof]tL 5f8]/ gdf]a'4 ljBfnodf cWofkg u/fpg yfn]+ . s'g} g s'g} lx;fan] kl/jf/nfO{ l6sfpg / cfkm\gf] ;+3if{nfO{ sfod /fv]+ . % ?k}of ;d]t uf8L ef8f geP/ lx8]/} uGtAodf k'u]sf w]/} 36gf lyP . Pp6} cfF6 lyof] Ps lbg b'Mv kl5 ;'v cfpF5 . Tolx a]nf d}n] es'08]a]zLdf @)%^÷)%& df es'08] cf]l/06Lon :s'n vf]n]+ . 3/af6 s]lx ?k}of nu]+ . Tof] klg pkof]u ug{ ;lsgF . /fhgLlts zlQmn] To;nfO{ rNg lbPg . dfcf]jfbL ;z:q åGåsf sf/0f ljBfno rNg ;s]g . ljBfno rNg ;+s6 k¥of] . lzIfsx?sf] tna a'emfpg xDd] xDd] k¥of] . cfly{s ?kn] dnfO{ ;+s6 agfof] . 3/ kl/jf/af6 ;xof]u x'g ;s]g . dnfO{ uflj; cWoIfx? p4jk|;fb x'dfufO{, s[i0f vgfn, km'naf/L uflj; pkfWoIf a;'gf/fo0f >]i7 nufotn] ;xof]u ug{] arg t lbg'eof] t/ d}n] /sd ;xof]u lng ;lsgF . sf/0f d}n] ltg{ ;Sg] cj:yf lyPg . ljBfno aGb ug{' lzjfo d]/f] s]lx ePg . ckl/kSj lg0f{osf sf/0f 3/ kmls{PF . 3/ kmls{P/ d}n] lhNnfsf w]/} ljBfno rfxf/]+ . ljBfnodf k9fpg cfkmGt x'g'kg{] cj:yf lyof] . cf;]kf;] g} x'g'kg{] cj:yf lyof] . k9fO{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPF .

ljP8 cWoog ug{ t z'? u/]+ . cfly{s cj:yfsf sf/0f klxnf] jif{ k9]sf] b'O{ jif{ kl5 dfq} d}n] lg/Gt/tf u/]+ . @)^# ;fndf l8Knf]df ;sfPF . Tolx b'Mv / kL8fsf] efjgfn] dnfO{ ;dfh;]jf ug{ emg} pT;fx agfof] . ;a}nfO{ ;Dj[4 agfpg d]/f] cleofg hf/L 5 . ;'vL, v'zL agfpg nflu/x]sf] 5' . ;'vdf gcflQg] / b'Mvdf gdflQg] AolQm d . @^ jif{ b]lv ## jif{sf] pd]/;Dd w]/} b'Mv Aoxf]/]+ . hlt b'Mv Aoxf]/] klg cWoognfO{ /f]lsgF . ;defj, ;db'/L / ;db[li6 ;w} sfod /fv]+ . Tof] d]/f] d'n dGq g} eof] . kl5 d}n] klxnfs} afnHof]tL ljBfnodf cWofkg u/fPF . k|c lyPF d . k|flj ljBfnonfO{ lgdflj agfPF . lgjf{rgdf pDd]bjf/ aGg' cl3;Dd d Tolx P;Pn;L kl5M 3/ kl/jf/af6 of] ljifo cWoog u/ eGg] lyPg . Tof] ljBfnodf lzIfs lyPF . v]lt ls;fgL / lzIfssf] tnan] dnfO{ kl/jf/df ;fy lbof] . vfnsf] r]tgf klg lyPg . 3/ kl/jf/;Fu ;Nnfx u/]/ d sf7df8f} uPF .

/fhgLlts ofqfM ljBfyL{ hLjg b]lv /fhgLlt z'? eof] . sIff * b]lv g} d]/f] ;lqmo ;xeflutf /x\of] . ljBfyL{x?sf] ;bg rog ubf{ g} /fhgLlts uGw cfpYof] . d}n] cGgk"0f{ ;bgsf] g]t[Tj ul//x]sf] lyof] . kl/jt{g g]t[Tjaf6 dfq} ;Dej 5 eGg] xf] . Tolx sf/0f dnfO{ ;bgsf] g]t[Tjdf hfg] dg x'GYof] . 3/ kl/jf/af6 a'afn] /fhgLlts 36gfqmdsf af/]df atfpg' x'GYof] . ;dfhaf6 klg d}n] w]/} s'/f ;'lg/x]sf] x'Gy]+ . rf;f] klg lyof] . ljBfyL{ ;+u7gdf cfj4 x'Fbf x'Fb} clvnsf ljleGg lhDd]jf/Ldf /x]+ . r}tGodf cWoog ubf{ SofDk; sld6Lsf] cWoIf lyPF . o'jf ;+3, :yfgLo ufpF sld6Lsf] pk ;lrj, ;lrj x'Fb} If]lqo ;b:o ePF . d cfkm} Pdfn] ePsf] lyPF . Pdfn]sf ljrf/x? dg k/]s} sf/0f kf6L{df ;+ul7t ePsf] lyPF . Tolx sf/0f d]/f] ;+ul7t ;b:o l:js[t eP/ cfof] . /fhgLltdf nfUg'k5{ . /fhgLltn] hgtfsf cfwf/e't ljifox?sf] ;Daf]wg u5{ eGg] s'/fsf] ljZjf; eof] . Tolxsf/0f xf]nf kf6L{n] dnfO{ :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rgdf j8f cWoIf kbsf] l6s6 lbof] . :yfgLo hgtfsf] ;xof]u, ;b\efj / kf6L{sf] ;s[otf / d k|ltsf] ljZjf;n] lgjf{rgdf ljhoL ePF . Psjif{ ljlt;s]sf] 5 lgjf{lrt ePsf] . hgtfsf] kIfdf ;s[o eP/ nfu]sf] 5' . cfufdL s]lx jif{df ;'vL j8faf;L agfpg] cleofgdf ;lqmo 5' . k|]d / ljjfxM es'08]df ljBfno vf]Nbf pgL d]/f] ljBfnodf lzlIfsf aGg cfPsL lyO{g\ . pgsf] 3/ bfË xf] . pgL bfO{;Fu ag]kfdf cWoog u/]/ a;]sL lyO{g\ .pgsf] / d]/f] e]6 eof] . k|]d a:of] . pgL / d hftn] s]lx tn dfyL lyof}+ . pgL a|Dxf0f kl/jf/sf] ;b:o lyO{g d If]qL . kl/jf/sf] vf;} ;xdlt x'g ;s]g . xfdLn] k|]d ljjfx u¥of}+ . pgsf] cfkmGtn] wg]Zj/df ljjfxsf] jftfj/0f agfP/ xfdL Ps csf{ k|lt ;d{lkt eof}+ . t/fO{sf] AolQm kxf8df s]lx ;d:of eof] . Psjif{ hlt k|]d rNof] . d]/f] 3/ kl/jf/sf] ;xdlt lyof] . pgsf] c;xdlt ePsfn] clnslt lxlRsrfx6 lyof] . ljjfxsf jif{ b]lv ;+3if{ z'? eP . cfly{s ?kn] klg xfdL ;+s6df k¥of}+ . ePsf] ljBfno klg aGb eof] . C0f klg nfUof] . 3/df cnu /fVg] lg0f{o eof] . cnu a:bfsf ;d:of d}n] elg klg ;s]+ . sof}+ 5fs vfg kfO{Pg . x/]s ;+s6df pgn] ;fy lbO{g\ . d}n] w]/} lt/ sfd u/]sf] cj:yf lyof] . kl5 lgoldt ljBfnodf sfd ug{ yfn]+ . ljxfg a]n'sf 3/sf] sfd u/]/ v]lt ls;fgLdf ;lqmo ePF . lj:tf/} kl/jf/df ;+s6 x6\b} uof] . s]lx ljjfb eP xf]nfg\ . kl/jf/df ;+s6 g} cfpg] u/L ljjfb ePsf] 5}g . xfdL ;xdltdf kl/jf/ rnfpF5f}+ . 3/ Aojxf/, v]lt ls;fgL ;a} ;xsfo{d} u5f{}+ . xfdL ;Gt'i6 5f}+ . hLjgM ;+3if{ k|]dM ljjfx . ljjfxM zfl//Ls ;DjGw . zfl//Ls ;DjGwM k|fs[lts b]g . cljZd/0fLo If0fM cljZd/0fLo If0f w]/} 5g\ . ljBfnodf sfd ubf{ Pshgf lzIfsn] gfd lgsfNg ^) xhf/ ?k}of dnfO{ lbg] k|:tfj cl:jsf/ u/]+ . pxfFsf] gfd lg:sGYof] . d}n] gfd lgsfn]+ eg]/ k};f lnPsf] eP klg x'GYof] . @)^& ;fnsf] s'/f xf] . d}n] k};f lng klg dflggF . pxfFsf] gfd h;/L klg lgsfn]+ . d c?nfO{ b'Mv lbP/ cfkm' ;Dj[4 agfpg rfxGgF . ;lSbgF . *** k|fO{d PkmPd !)$=% d]ufxh{sf] ljxfgL lrGtg sfo{qmd cGtu{t zlgjf/sf] lbg ul/Psf] JolQmsf] JolQmut hLjgsf ef]ufO{ af/]sf] s'/fsfgLsf] ;f/f+z . k|ltlqmofsf] nflu M motiramtimalsina@gmail.com

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l;k l;sf}+ cfTd lge{/ agf}+ /fd]Zj/L dfgGw/ Ao'l6l;og/ 6«]g/

kn{ Ao'6L kfn{/ PG8 6«]lgª ;]G6/ ag]kf rf/bf]af6f]

· Aoj;fo s:tf] rNb}5 < Aoj;fo /fd|f] rNb} 5 . Aoj;fo rNg] ;]jfn] xf] . clxn] ;DdnfO{ Psbd} /fd|f] 5 . · tkfO{ ;f}Gbo{sdL{ s;/L aGg'eof] < /dfOnf] s'/f 5 o;df . d klxn] lzlIfsf lyPF . lzIf0faf6 labf lnP/ km';{bsf] ;dodf tflnd v'n]sf] /x]5 . k|mL g} /}5 tflnd lnpF g t eg]/ tflnd lnFb} hfFbf of] k]zfn] cfslif{t u¥of]{ / d}n] of] k]zf /f]h] . · kfn{/ Aoj;fo slQsf] /fd|f] 5 < Aoj;foL lardf k|lt:kwf{ 5 ls ;xsfo{ < Aoj;fosf] lx;fan] /fd|f] 5 . kl/jf/;Fu} a;]/ ;fg} nufgLdf klg sfd ug{ ;lsP ePsfn] klg /fd|f] dfGg ;lsG5 . csf]{ s'/f Aoj;foL ljr ;xsfo{ / k|lt:kwf{ b'j} 5 . kl5Nnf] ;dodf gofF Aoj;foLx? ylkg] qmdn] klg k|lt:kwf{ a9\bf] 5 . of] Aoj;flos lx;fan] /fd|f] s'/f xf] o;n] cGttM kmfObf ;]jfu|fxLnfO{ g} x'g] xf] . o;df d'VotM cku|8] x'g h?/L 5 . · tkfOs { f] kfn/{sf uf|xsx? s:tf 5g\ < tkfOs { fd ] f kfOg] ;j]fx? s] s:tf xg ' \ < u|fxssf] s'/f ug{' kbf{ ;a}vfn] u|fxs cfpg'x'G5 . cfhef]ln aRrf b]lv a'9f ;Dd kfn{/ cfpg] k|rng 5 . :yflgo / l5d]sL lhNnfsf ;d]t cfpg'x'G5 . d]/f] kfn{/df

o'jf;“u !) k|Zg e'jg /fodfemL

;a}vfn] kfn{/ ;DalGw ;'lawf / kfn{/ 6«]lgª ;d]t x'g] ub{5 . a]l;s b]lv P8efG; ;Ddsf tflndx? ;+rfng x'g] ub{5 . · dflg; lsg kfn{/d} wfpg] < lsg a|fG8]8 ;fdfg k|of]u ug]{ < ;'Gb/ aGg t 3/}df a;]/ 3/fo;L ;fdfg k|of]u ug{' /fd|f] x}g / < x'g t 3/d} a;]/ 3/o;L ;fdfg k|of]u u/]/ klg ;f}Gbo{tf sfod ug{ ;lsG5 t/ kfn{/df cfpFbf cfkm'n] eg] h:tf] l8hfOg lbg ;lsg] 5fnfsf] lso/ x'g] cK8]6]6 k|lalw / ;fdfgsf] k|of]u x'g] x'Fbf klg dflg;x? kfn{/ cfpg] ub{5g . · c?nfO{ /fd|L agfpg t k}n] cfkm} /fd|L aGg' knf{ lg x}g < cfkm' /fd|L aGg] /fh rflx s] xf] lg < Pp6f SnfOG6 kfn{/df l5bf{ klxnf] gh/ Ao'l6l;ogdf kg]{ u5{ . c?nfO{ /fd|L agfpg a;]sf] dfG5] cfkm} /fd|L gx'Fbf ODk|];g unt kg{ ;S5 . d cfˆgf] ;'Gb/tfsf nflu b}lgs Aofofd u5{', vfgkfgdf Wofg lbG5' ;fy} d]s–ckdf t Vofn ug}{ k¥of]{ . · kfn{/sf] d'Vo l;hg s'g xf] < tkfO{nfO{ s'g d]s–ck ug{ dgk5{ < s]lx xb;Dd l;hg t ;a} Aoj;fodf x'G5 . laif]zu/L ljjfxsf ;do xfd|f] Aoj;fosf] l;hgsf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 . t/ cfhef]ln kfn{/ sNr/ a9\bf] 5 To;}n]

df]xg b'jfn nufot ;|i6fx? ;Ddflgt x'g] sf7df8f}÷kGt :d[lt k|lti7fgsf] rf}wf}+ jflif{s pT;jsf] ;'cj;/df ljleGg If]qsf ;|i6f÷ b|i6fx?nfO{ @)&$ ;fnsf] ;Ddfg÷ k'/:sf/ k|bfg ul/g] ePsf] 5 . …hgdt dfl;sÚ k|sfzgsf nflu k|wfg ;Dkfbs df]xg b'jfnnfO{ …aGw' kGt :d[lt ;Ddfg k'/:sf/Ú n] =%) xhf/ gub ;lxt sf7df8f}+df ;Ddflgt ul/g] 5 . xf:oJoª\Uo n]vgljwfdf n]vs g/]Gb|/fh kf}8]nnfO{ %)

xhf/ gub ;lxt …uf]kfn/fh kGt :d[lt ;DdfgÚ n] k'/:s[t ul/g] 5 . o;}u/L ;dfnf]rs 8f= z}n]Gb'k|sfz g]kfnnfO{ !) xhf/ gub ;lxt …6Lsf–d's'Gb kGt :d[lt ;Ddfg k'/:sf/Ú n] ;Ddflgt ul/g] 5 . @)&% c;f]h % ut] sf7df8f}+df x'g] pQm ;flxlTos ;df/f]xdf g[Tosnf, lrqsnf, pkGof;, ;+:s[lt If]qdf / zf/Ll/s czQmtfdf lbOg] ;Ddfg÷ k'/:sf/x? qmdzM nIdL dx/f, ;'/]z a:g]t, sNkgf >]i7, ldg >L; du/ / dft[sf b]jsf]6fnfO{ gub;lxt ;Ddflgt ul/g] sfo{qmd /x]sf] kGt :d[lt k|lti7fgn] hgfPsf] 5 .

lthsf] dv ' df ‘;fx}| g} /dfOnf’] ag] k f÷xl/tflnsf tLh glhlsb} ubf{ …;fx|} g} /dfOnf]Ú af]nsf] /f]dfl06s uLt Do'lhs g]kfnn] l/lnh u/]sf] 5 . dfof k|]ddf cfwfl/t /x]/ no zAb tof/ u/L ahf/df NofOPsf] pQm uLtsf] lel8of]df /d0fLo:yn w'lnv]nsf] ;'Gb/tfnfO{ s}b ul/Psf] 5 . nfdf] ;dob]lv /+ukqsfl/tf dfkm{t snf If]qdf snd ;d]t rnfpFb} cfPsf snfsf/, lgb]{zs cd/s[i0f rGbsf] lgb]{zgdf ;fx|} g} /dfOnf]sf] lel8of]

tof/ ePsf] 5 . pQm lel8of]df clego ;'dg dxt, rGrnL nfdf, laqmd uf}td / aiff{ df]Qmfgsf] /x]sf] 5 . h;nfO{ ;'dg df]Qmfgn] 5fofFsg u/]sf 5g\ eg] czf]s /+lhtsf] ;Dkfbg / dGh' dfgGw/sf] >[Ëf/ /x]sf] 5 . P; la P; P; Do'lhs k|flnsf] k|:t'tLdf gf/fo0f kf}8]n / ;'dg dxtsf] klxnf] sf];]nL …;fx|} g} /dfOnf]Údf gf/fo0f kf}8]nsf] zAb /x]sf] 5 . gf/fo0f kf}8]n / ;latf 9'+ufgfsf] :j/ /x]sf] 5 .

lSjh glthf

lShj @%% sf pQ/ tyf ljh]tf !_ dxfsfnL @_ ef]hk'/ #_ lvDtL $_ pBf]u dGqL jf pBf]u dGqL lgo'Qm gePsf] cj:yfdf k"0f{ sfo{ef/ ;lxtsf] pBf]u /fHodGqL %_ slj lz/f]dl0f n]vgfy kf}8]n ^_ kl/>dL &_ ul/a Pj+ ljsf;f]Gd'v /fi6«sf j}1flgs 8fS6/, OlGhlgo/ Pj+ ljleGg cfly{s nfe / cg';Gwfgsf] ;'ljwfsf nflu ljsl;t b]zdf hfg] / Tot} knfog x'g] l:ylt *_ g]kfn 6]lnsd (_ !=#% k|ltzt !)_ a]df};dsf] lj/f]w . ljh]tfM pdf r6f}t, w'lnv]n lShj @%^ sf pQ/ tyf ljh]tf !_ 8f= of]u]Gb|k|;fb k|wfg @_ g/]Gb| >]i7 #_ km"ndfg an $_ lj+;= @)&# %_ lj;+ @)&# c;f/ @& ^_ l;/LhËuf &_ b}n]v *_ @! (_ ;g\ !()$ d] @! !)_ xf]dk|;fb rf}nfufO{ . ljh]tfM xl/k|;fb bfxfn, vf]kf;L, sfe|] lShj @%& sf pQ/ tyf ljh]tf !_ dx]z 9sfn -;fË|Lnf xf]6nsf PSh's]l6e ;]km_ @_ @)&@ dl;+/ $ ut] #_ uf];fOFs'08 $_ dflNbE; %_ z]v d'lhj'/ /xdfg, a+unfb]z ^_ d'Vo;lrj &_ ;g @))# *_ k|mflG;od (_=wd{ky, sf7df8f}+ !)_ c~hgf >]i7 . ljh]tfM g'tg zdf{, kgf}tL, sfe|] lShj @%* sf pQ/ tyf ljh]tf !_ hh{ agfO{ zf @_ afUn'Ë #_ ;fO{cf]kmf]ljof $_ cn}rL %_ hf]g d]ogf8{ lsG; ^_ ljqmd ;Djt @)&@ c;f/ @( &_ t6 *_ vuf}tf] (_ xflQkf]nf] !)_ !@ k]h . ljh]tfM /fdb]jL l3dL/], w'lnv]n sfe|] lShj @%( sf pQ/ tyf ljh]tf !_ xfO8«f]kmf]g @_ Bounced cheque #_ cd]l/sL o'jf $_ hfkfgsf tfsfsL sflhtf / Sofgf8fsf] cfy{/ aL= Dofj8f]gfN8 %_ lzn' ^_ lj=;+=@)&@ c;f]h @$ &_ gfnfkfgLsf] o'4 *_ kf6gsf] ljZj?ksf] d'lt{ (_ zÍ/gfy l/dfn !)_ @%* efu . ljh]tfM xl/z/0f vqL, ag]kf, sfe|]

;+lxtf sfg"g ;DjGwL 5nkmn sf7df8f} ÷ g] k fn kqsf/ dxf;+3 / k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf ebf} ! ut] b]lv nfu" ePsf] d'n'sL -kmf}hbf/L_ ;+lxtf @)&$ / d'n'sL b]jfgL_ ;+lxtfsf s]xL k|fjwfgx? k|]; tyf cleJolQm :jtGqtf;+u aflemg] b]lvPsf] eGb} ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?;+usf] 5nkmn ul/Psf] 5 . sfoq{mddf gk]fn kqsf/ dxf;3 + sf cWoIf ufl]jGb cfrfon{] dn's ' L ;l+xtfdf ljleGg ;sf/fTds ljifox? /x] klg ;l+xtfsf] bkmf @! bl]v bkmf #)^ leqsf bO';{o eGbf al9 kf|jwfgx? k;]| tyf cleJolQm :jtGqtf ;s + r ' g ug{ ko|fu] xg'] vt/f bl]vPsf] atfP . ;l+jwfg;uF aflemPsf / k;]| tyf cleJolQm :jtGqtf ;DjGwL cGt/fli6o« dfkb08 ljkl/tsf bkmfx? ;Rofpg dxf;3 + n] lg/Gt/ bjfjsf/L el"dsf lgjf{x ug]{ atfP . k;]| sfplG;n gk]fnsf sfoj{fxs cWoIf lszf/] >i]7n] ;dfhdf xg'] unt ultljlwnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{

;/sf/n] sfgg' NofPsf] eGb} kqsf/x?n] To;df zs + f gug{ cfux| u/] . dxf;3 + sf kj"{ ;efklt 8f=;/'z ] cfrfon{] nfs ] tGqdf ;dt] ;fjh{lgs ;/fs ] f/sf ljifodf JoªU\o ug{ ufOhfqf sg'k{'g{] cj:yf cfPsf] wf/0ff wf/0ff /fv] . k;]| :jtGqtf lgoGq0f ug{] sfgg' :jLsfo{ gxg'] eGb} ;z + fw]gsf nflu bjfj ;h[gf ugk{'g{] pgn] atfP . k;]| sfplG;nsf kj"{ cWoIf af0]fa{xfb/' sfsLn{] bj]fgL tyf kmfh}bf/L ;l+xtf @)&$ n] k;]| :jtGqtfdf ;s + r ' g eP To;dfly ;z + fw]g ug{ ;lsg] wf/0ff /fVge'of] . pxfnF] sfgg'nfO{ utn JofVof ug{ gxg'] atfP . s]Gb|Lo cg';Gwfg Ao"/f]sf k|x/L jl/i7 pkl/Ifs 7fs'/ 1jfnLn] ebf} Ps ut]af6 nfu' ePsf] sfg'g /fhkqdf k|sflzt eP/ nfu' ePsf sf/0f To;nfO{ ;a}n] kfngf ug'{kg]{ atfP . ck/fw cg';Gwfg dxfzfvfsf k|x/L pkl/Ifs g/]Gb| pk|]tLn] g]kfn k|x/L sfg'gsf] kfns ePsf sf/0f sfof{Gjogsf qmddf To;sf] glthf b]lvb} hfg] wf/0ff /fv] .

tLg dlxg] t/sf/L tflnd ;dfkg

x/]s ;do /fd|} /xG5 . · tLhdf a|t a:g'x'G5 < tLh s;/L dgfpg'k5{ h:tf] nfU5 < g]jf/L k/Dk/fdf x's{]sLn] To;/L tLhdf a|t a:g] eGg] t yfxf 5}g / klg cfhef]ln tLhsf] /dfOnf] a9\bf] 5 a|t ga;] klg kj{sf] /dfOnf] lng] ul/G5 . laleGg sfo{qmdx? x'G5g\ To:tf sfo{qmdx?df ;xefuL x'g] ;fyL;fyL /dfOnf] ug]{ ul/G5 . c?n] klg /dfOnf] ;Fu dgfpg / a|t a:bf z/L/sf] / :jf:Yosf] Vofn ug{'k5{ eGg] nfU5 · dflg;sf] hLjgdf dfof / k|]dsf] s] dxTj 5 < b'j}sf] dxTj plQs} 5 . k|]d lagf dfof / dfof lagf k|]d ;Dej 5}g . · cGTodf======== ;a} dlxnfx?nfO{ l;k l;sf}+ cfTd lge{/ agf}+ eGg rfxG5' . tkfO{sf] AolQmTj ;'Gb/tf / klx/gn] lbg] ub{5 To;}n] d]sck / 8«];ckdf Wofg lbg'xf]nf . ;fy} glhs} cfpFb} u/]sf] tLhsf] ;a}df z'esfdgf .

a';fsf] /fxt ;xof]u x:tfGt/0f

ag]kf÷a'8f]n ;fd'bflos art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfn] /fxt ;xof]u x:tfGt/0f sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/L cfkm\gf ;b:osf kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv @) xhf/ ;xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . ;+:yfsf] cfly{s ;'/Iff sfo{qmd cGtu{t @)&% c;f/ !! ut] ag]kf g=kf= % cf]kLdf 6«s b'36{ gfdf k/L d[To' ePsL w'lnv]n g=kf=j8f g+= !, b]jL6f/ lgjf;L ;b:o :j=nfnLdfof tfdfËsf] kl/jf/nfO{ ?=! nfv pknAw u/fO{Psf] xf] . To;}u/L c;f/ @& ut]sf] clj/n aiff{tsf] sf/0f uPsf] klx/f]df k/L af;:yfg u'dfPsf ag]kf g=kf=% lgjf;L ldgf yfkf / w'lnv]n g=kf=! lgjf;L lh/Ldfof tfdfËsf] kl/jf/nfO{ hgxL ?=!) xhf/ sf b/n] /fxt ;xof]u pknAw u/fO{Psf] xf] . sfo{qmddf cltlysf ?kdf pkl:yt x'g'ePsf ag]kf g=kf= % sf j8f

cWoIf an/fd clwsf/L, w'lnv]n g=kf=! sf j8f cWoIf /d]z 3f]/f;fO{g], w'lnv]n g=kf=@ sf j8f cWoIf ch{'g Gof}kfg] / ;fgf ls;fg s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=sf cWoIf b]jk|;fb sf]O{/fnfn] ;+o'Qm ?kdf pQm /fxt ;xof]u x:tfGt/0f u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf pkl:yt j8f cWoIfx?n] gu/kflnsfaf6 ;d]t lkl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg nfluPsf] t/ ;f]eGbf klg l56f] cfkm\gf ;b:ox?nfO{ ;+:yfn] ;xof]u pknAw u/]sf] k|lt cfef/ k|s6 ub}{ cfufdL lbgdf ;+:yfnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ cfkm"x? tTk/ /x]sf] atfP . sfo{qmddf ;xefuLx?nfO{ ;+rfns /fwfs[i0f >]i7n] :jfut / ;+:yfsf] cfly{s ;'/Iff sfo{qmdsf] ljifodf al/i7 sfo{sf/L clws[t ljj]s /fh 7s'/Ln] k|sfz kf/]sf lyP . k|d] gfy zdf{ sf]O/{ fnfsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg pQm sfo{qmd ;ljg yfkfn] ;+rfng u/]sf lyP .

egf{ v'Nof] ! egf{ v'Nof] !! z}lIfs ;q @)&%÷)&^ sf] nflu OGb|]Zj/ SofDk; kgf}tL, sfe|]df Joj:yfkg, dfgljsL tyf lzIff zf:q ;+sfocGtu{t

:gfts tx k|yd jif{df egf{ v'Nof] .

k9fOg] ljifox? n]vfzf:q, ahf/zf:q, ljQzf:q, P]–g]kfnL, P]–cy{zf:q, P]–hg;+Vof, ;dfhzf:q cflb . egf{ kmf/d ljt/0f * ldlt @)&%÷$÷@! ut]b]lv * cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd M @)&%÷%÷! ut] z'qmaf/ * sIff ;+rfng M @)&%÷%÷% b]lv k'gZrM hfgsf/Lsf] nflu SofDk; k|zf;gdf ;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf .

;Dks{

OGb|]Zj/ SofDk; kgf}tL, sfe|]

kmf]g g+= )!!–$$!#((, (*$!@)%&&!, (*$!$!^%&@,

ag]kf÷g]kfn ag]kf kf]ln6]lSgs OlGi6Ro'6sf] cfly{s tyf k|flalws ;xof]u / ;fd'bflos pTyfg d+r l;km g]kfnsf] ;dGjodf ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f g+ !! l;gfufndf ;+rfng ul/Psf] tLg dlxg] 5f]6f] cjwLsf] j]df};dL t/sfl/ v]tL tflndsf] ;dfkg ul/Psf] 5 . sfo{qmddf g]kfn ag]kf kf]ln6]lSgs OlGi6Ro'6sf k|dv ' ldZ6/sfGt

d}gfnL, kl/IffyL{ s'df/ e'hn] , k|lzIfs uf]ljGb k|;fb kf08], ;xfos k|lzIfs lgnsdn gflkt tyf ;fd'bflos pTyfg d+r l;km g]kfnsfsf sf]iffWoIf u+uf >]i7 nufotn] dGtAo /fv]sf lyP . ;fd'bflos pTyfg d+r l;km g]kfnsf] cfof]hgfdf ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f g+ $ a'n]df % aif]{ s[lif kl/of]hgf ;Grfng ePsf] 5 .

cfofdsf] gjf} ;ef ;DkGg ag]kf÷cfofd art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf lnld6]8 ag]kfsf] gcf} aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef k|bz ] ;ef ;f+;b a;'Gw/f x'dfufO{sf] k|dv ' cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . cWoIf gj/fh 3f]/;fO{gs ] f] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf ;lrj 8Da/axfb'/ nD;fn, sf]iffWoIf ;'lgn rf}nfufO{, n]vf ;+of]hs ljgf]b ahufO{n] ;+:yfsf] aflif{s, cfly{s / n]vf ;DjGwL k|ltj]bg k|:t't u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf pTs[i6 artstf{, C0fL, afn artstf{nfO{ k'/:s[t ul/Psf] lyof] . & ;o $% z]o/

;b:o /x]sf] pQm ;xsf/Lsf] ^% nfv %& xhf/ & ;o z]o/ k'FhL /x]sf] 5 eg] # s/f]8 *! nfv @% xhf/ % ;osf] C0f nufgL u/]sf] 5 . To:t} @ s/f]8 && nfv @^ xhf/ # ;o *$ ?k}of art ;+sng u/]sf] 5 . sfoq{mddf gk]m;\sg'sf sl]Gbo| ;b:o p4j ;fksf6]f, sfek]|nf~rfs ] lhNnf artsf ky|d pkfWoIf ltyd{fof kw|fg, lhNnf ;xsf/L ;3+sf ;lrj lblnk zdf,{ sfe] | pBfu] afl0fHo ;3+sf dxf;lrj sn}fz knf~rfs ] ,] ;Dj4[L ;fsf;]sf cWoIf ;fw/'fd bfxfn, sf7F' u0fz ] sf dxG]b| s0fl{ht nufotn] cfofd ;xsf/Lsf ultljlwsf af/d]f dGtAo /fvs ] f lyP .

u0f]zbf;sf] >4f~hnL ;ef kgf}tL÷g]kfnsf] sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf of]4f Pj+d k'j{ g]skf Pdfn]sf s]lGb|o ;Nnfxsf/ sld6L ;b:o u0f]zbf; pnssf] >4f~hnL ;ef ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . !(&& ;fn >fj0f dlxgfdf hlGdPsf uf]kfnbf; pnsn] g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] :yfkgfdf v]Ng' ePsf] e"ldsf, of]ubfg / pxfFn] b]vfPsf] af6f] cg';/0f ul/g] ;xeflux?n] atfP . h]i7 gful/s ;dfhsf cWoIf e/tk|;fb zdf{sf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf k|b]z ;ef @ sf ;f+;b rGb| nfdf, kgf}tL gu/sf k|d'v led Gof}kfg], pkk|d'v lutf ~hf/f, j8f cWoIf df]xgaxfb'/ e08f/L, Pdfn]sf k'j{ lhNnf ;b:o s'df/ yfkf, kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ !) g]skfsf

cWoIf lbjfs/ k|hfklt, rt{d' fg zfSo, lji0f' l;njfn, >L/fd pdfjLsf k|c uf]sn' vqL, afn cfbz{ dfjLsf k|c /fhs'df/ >]i7 nufotn] :j= u0f]zbf; pnssf] of]ubfgsf] rrf{ u/]sf lyP . ;fxf/f h]i7 gful/s ;dfh, >L/fd pdfjL, afn cfbz{ dflj, a'4 ljxf/ tyf g]skf j8f gDj/ !) sf] cfof]hgfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf :j= u0f]zbf; pnssf] tl:j/df dfNof{k0f u/L df}g wf/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmddf ;dfh;]jL, a'l4hLlj, lzIfs, ljBfyL{ nufotsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] kgf}tL tTsflng g]skf Pdfn]sf cWoIf ;xb]j yfkfn] atfP . u0f]zbf; pnssf] >fj0f @@ ut] :jf{uf/f]x0f ePsf] lyof] .

dfOqmf] >lds art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]kf, sfe|s] f] ;fwf/0f ;efdf ;DaGwL ;"rgf ldlt @)&%÷)$÷@^ ut] a;]sf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{ocg';f/ o; ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= sf] …P3f/f} jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efÚ lgDg ldlt, :yfg / ;dodf lgDg k|:tfj pk/ 5nkmn tyf lg0f{o ug{ a:g] ePsf]n] ;Dk"0f{ ;]o/wgL dxfg'efjx¿nfO{ clgjfo{ pkl:yltsf] nflu xflb{s cg'/f]w ul/G5 . ;ef x'g] ldlt, ;do / :yfg ldlt M @)&%÷)^÷)^ ut], zlgaf/ ;do M lbgsf] 7Ls !!M)) ah] :yfg M ;+:yfsf] sfof{no ejg k|fË0f, ;]tf]kf6L 5nkmnsf nflu k|:tfljt ljifox¿ != ;~rfns ;ldltsf] tkm{af6 ;lrjsf] k|ltj]bg pk/ 5nkmn u/L kfl/t ug]{ . @= sf]iffWoIfsf] cfly{s k|ltj]bg 5nkmn u/L kfl/t ug]{ . #= n]vf;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg k|:t't u/L kfl/t ug]{ . $= C0f pk;ldltsf] kl|tjb]g k:|tt' u/L kfl/t ug]{ . %= cf=a= @)&%÷)&^ sf] nflu nv ] fk/LIfs lgol'Qm / lghsf] kfl/>lds lgwf/{0f ug{] . ^= cfufdL cf=a= @)&%÷)&^ sf] jflifs { sfoo{fh]gfdf 5nkmn u/L kfl/t ug{] . &= cfufdL cf=a= @)&%÷)&^ sf] cgd'flgt cfo–Joo ljj/0f k:|tt' tyf 5nkmn ug{] . *= cf=a= @)&$÷)&% sf] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg k|:t't u/L kfl/t ug]{ (= ;]o/wgLnfO{ k|bfg ul/g] af]g; tyf oftfoft Pjd\ :jf:Yof]krf/ vr{jfkt k|bfg ul/g] /sd kfl/t ug]{ . !)= ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{o k'l:tsfdf x:tfIf/ ug]{ k|ltlglwx?sf] rog ug]{ . !!= ljwfg ;+zf]wg . !@= ljljw . ;fwf/0f ;ef;DaGwL yk hfgsf/L != ;+:yfsf ;]o/wgL ;efdf :jod\ clgjfo{¿kdf pkl:yt x'gk' g]{ 5 . afn ;b:osf] xsdf Pshgf cleefjs;lxt pkl:ylt x'g ;lsg]5 . @= ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt x'g o; ;+:yfn] k7fPsf] kq clgjfo{ lnP/ cfpg'kg]5 { . #= ;+:yfsf] ;DaGwdf s'g} gofF sfo{qmd, l;sfot, ph'/L, pDd]bjf/L, ljwfg ;+zf]wg jf cGo s'g} ;fwf/0f ;efdf /fVg'kg]{ ljifo ePdf ;+:yfsf] sfof{nodf ;fwf/0f ;efsf] ldltn] & lbg cufj} lnlvt sf/0f ;lxt k|:tfj k]z ug{k' g]5 { . $= ;a} ;b:ox¿nfO{ ;fwf/0f ;ef cufj} cfkm\gf] afFsL jrt /sd, cjlw k'us ] f] C0fsf] ;fFjf, Aofh hDdf ug{ cg'/f]w ul/G5 . %= s'g} ;]o/ ;b:on] ;]o/ k|df0fkq glnPsf] eP jf gjLs/0f gu/]sf] eP ;fwf/0f ;efeGbf & lbg cufj} gljs/0f ug'k{ g]5 { . ^= ;f] lbg laxfg !! ah] b]vL lbp;f] @ ah];Dd ;efdf pkl:yt x'g] ;b:ox?nfO dfq oftfoft ;'ljwf k|bfg ul/g] s'/f hfgsf/L u/fOG5 . – ;lrj

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

3/ ef8fdf clkm;, ;xsf/L, JolQmut k|of]hgsf] nflu pko'Qm x'g] kfls{Ë tyf xl/ofnL uf8{]g ;lxtsf] ;'ljwfo'Qm 3/ ef8fdf

;Dks{ M (*$!$#!(@)

jif{ @$ c+s $# @)&% ebf} & ut] ljxLjf/

;xofu ] sf] clkn d/]f] 5f/]f jif{ !$ sf] /fh' /vfn du/nfO{ afg]Dof/f] kT|of/fk]0f ugk'{g]{ hl6n /fu] nfus ] fn]] xfn l;len xl:k6n, afgZ]j/, sf7df8fd+}f pkrf/ eO/xs ] f,] pkrf/sf] qmddf ePsf] ;DklQ ;dt] ;ss ] f] / d/]f] cflys { cj:yf ;dt] sdhf/] ePsf] xg'fn] tn pNnl]vt as +} vftfdf /sd hDdf u/L cflys { ;xofu] ul/lbgx'g' ljgd| cg/'fw] ub5 { '.

t'os ' fhL tfd|fsf/

lji0fa'xfb/' /vfn du/ /fz ] L ufpkFflnsf j8f g=+ $, sfe]| df=]g=+ (^!$(%^!)& as }+ vftf g=+ )@!@^)!@$%)#*)!%, /fh' /vfn, sl[if ljsf; as +} , agk]f zfvf @)$)%@$@!&^&))!&, lji0fa'xfb/' /vfn du/, df5fkR'5]« as +} lnld68], agk]f zfvf

:j0f{ nIdL art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]kf–&, sfe|s ] f]

gjf}+ aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DaGwL ;"rgf

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

pk/f]tm ;DaGwdf o; ;+:yfsfsf] ;+Grfns ;ldlt sf] @)&% efb| $ ut] a;]sf] a}7ssf] lg0f{o adf]lhd lgDg ldlt, ;do / :yfgdf lgDg laifodf 5nkmn u/L lg0f{o ug{ gjf}+ aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef xg] ePsf]n] tkfO{sf] pkl:yltsf] nflu ;fb/ cg'/f]w ub{5f}. ;fy} o; aif{ ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns ;ldlt / n]vf tyf ;'kl/a]If0f ;ldlt sf] lgafr{g sfo{s|d /x]sf] x'Fbf ;f] lgaf{rg ;DalGw b]xfosf] sfo{s|d ;d]t ;DalGwt ;a}sf] hfgsf/Lsf] nfuL k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . 5nkmnsf laifox?M ! cf=a= @)&$.)&% ;lrasf] aflif{s k|lta]bg k|:t'tL pk/ 5nkmn tyf cg'df]bg ;DaGwdf . @ cf a @)&$.)&% sf]iffWoIf sf] aflif{s k|lta]bg k|:t'tL pk/ 5nkmn tyf cg'df]bg ;DaGwdf . # cf a @)&$.)&% sf] aflif{s n]vf k/LIf0f k|lta]bg ;DaGwdf . $ c\f a @)&%.)&^ aflif{s sfo{ of]hgf k|:t't / cg'dflgt ah]6 5nkmn ;DaGwdf . % cf a @)&%.)&^ sf] nfuL n]vf k/LIfssf] lgo'ltm tyf kfl/>lds tf]Sg] 5nkmn ;DaGwdf . ^ lgaf{rg sfo{sd| . & lgaf{rg sfo{sd| kl/0ffd cg'df]bg . * lg0f{o k'l:tsfdf x:tfIf/ ug{ k|ltlglw tf]Sg] ;DaGwdf . ( lalaw . sfo{sd | M ldltM @)&% c;f]h ^ ut] ;doM laxfgsf] !!M$% ah] :yfgM pu|rl08 AofÍj]6, ag]kf, sfe|] lgaf{rg sfo{sd | M

:juf{/f]x0f @)&%.$.#)

hGd M !(($.!).^

:j= a'l4nfn >]i7 o; ;ldltsf k|f]kfO6/ ;b:o Pj+ So' Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:o /Tgaxfb'/ >]i7sf k"hgLo lktf a'l4nfn >]i7sf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgx?df xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ . ljn a= >]i7 -/d]z_ ;lrj

a'l4bf; >]i7 sf]iffWoIf

ldngeQm >]i7 sfof{no k|d'v

x]nDa' oftfoft ;]jf ;ldlt kl/jf/ ag]kf, sfe|]

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

k'gZrM vfhfsf] / kf/faxg vr{sf] Aoa:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

:juf{/f]x0f @)&%.%.!

hGd M !(*#.%.!

:j= xf]ds'df/L ;fksf]6f ;fksf]6f aGw' s'nk'hf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf k'?iff]Qd ;fksf]6f ;b:ox? cRo't, >L/fd, pQd ;fksf]6fsL ddtfdoL dftf xf]ds'df/L ;fksf]6fsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]n] efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

Zofd ;fksf]6f, ;lrj tyf

;fksf]6f aGw' s'n k'hf Aoa:yfkg ;ldlt kl/jf/, ag]kf $ pu|r08L gfnf

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

O{Zj/ s'df/ >]i7 -;lra_

gf]6M !_ ;fwf/0f ;efdf z]o/ ;b:o cfkm} pkl:yt x'g'kg]{5, cGo AolQmnfO{ kf/fafxfg vr{ pknAw u/fO{g] 5}g . @_ ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt x'g cfpFbf of] kq ;fydf lnP/ cfpg' kg]{5 . #_ lbpF;f] @M)) ah] kl5 pkl:yt x'g] ;b:ox?nfO{ kf/fafxfg vr{ pknAw u/fO{g] 5}g . $_ P;= O{= O{ k/LIffdf pTs[i6 >]0fL Nofpg ;kmn z]o/ ;b:osf 5f]/f÷5f]/L !÷! hgf ;Ddfg ul/g] x'bfF ldlt @)&% ;fn efb| dlxgfsf] !% ut] leq k|fKtfÍ ;lxt sfof{nodf ;Dk{s ug'{x'g cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ .

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL :juf{/f]x0f @)&%.$.@*

hGd M @))#

:j= s= u0f]zbf; pns / d]/f] :d[ltdf

d]/f afp afh]x? ul/a lyP . d ul/asf ;Gtfg ePsf]n] d]/f] s'g} x}l;ot lyPg x'g] s'/f klg xf]Og . k'/fgf] / yf]qf lyP 3/ . 3/leq s'g} k|sf/sf] ax'dN' o ;/;fdfgx? lyPg . 6f]n ahf/df s]xL ;fx'dxfhgx? klg lyP . d]/f] dg leqleq} cfkm" ul/asf] ;Gtfg ePsf]df b'Mv / kL8f dx;'; x'Gy] . lt ;fx' dxfhgx? slt ;'vL / v'zL x'bF f xf] eGg] nfUYof] . hlt g} d]xgtk"js { sfd u/]klg xfd|f afp afh]n] ;DklQ hf]8g\ ;ls/xg'ePsf] lyPg . hLljsf]kfh{gsf] lglDt egf}+ ls sdfpg d]/f afpn] Pp6f ;fgf] xf]6n vf]nL lrof vfhf vfg] k;n /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . ToxfF y/Ly/Lsf dflg;x? lrof lkpg / vfhf vfg cfO/xGy] . kgf}tLdf Psdfq lrof k;n Tolx ePsf] sf/0fn] lrofsf cDdnLx? 6f9} b]lv cfP/ klg lrof lkpg cfpFy] . lrof klg lkpg] 306f} ukm klg ul/xGy] . lrof k;n dfG5] hDdf x'g] 7fpF / cf–cfkm\gf 1fg / cg'ej ;'gfpg] ynf] klg ag]sf lyP . cg]s ljifosf s'/fsfgL / ukm rNy] . d ;fg} pd]/sf] eP klg To:tf ukmx?df e'Ny] . rfvk"js { ;'Gy]+ . To:t} ukmx?sf] l;nl;nfd} sDo'lgi6af/] ;'gs ] f] lyPF . b'MvL ul/ax?sf] enf] ug{] zf;g Joj:yf xf] . sDo'lgi6x?sf] zf;gdf b'MvL ul/a x'bF g} g\, ;a}n] sfd dfd kfpF5g\, wgL ul/asf] e]befj x'bF g} g\, cGofo cTofrf/ / zf]if0f x'bF g} g\, 7"nf] ;fgf] pFrgLr x'bF g} g\, ;a} a/fa/ x'G5g\, ;a}n] vfg nfpg kfpF5g\, ;a} dflg;x? ;'vL / v'zL x'g] Joj:yf xf] cflb OToflbsf ukmx? rNy] . xf]6ndf c?n] u/]sf] ukm ;'g/] g} d]/f] dgdf sDo'lgi6 k|lt ;b\efj / cfsif{0f x'g yfn] . d]/f] afn dl:tisdf sDo'lgi6 ljrf/wf/fn] 3/ hdfpg yfn] . sDo'lgi6 ljrf/ /fVg] dflg;k|lt g} d]/f] em'sfj x'g yfn] . cfb/ ;Ddfgsf] b[li6sf]0f aGg yfn]sf lyP, df]x a9\g yfn]sf lyP . lj=;+= @)!*÷)!( ;fnlt/ b]lv kgf}tL hn ljB't of]hgf ;f]leot ;+3sf] ;xof]udf agfpg yfn]sf lyP . /l;ogx? g} cfO{ a8f] d]xgtk"js { sfddf v6\y] . ;f]leot ;+3df sDo'lgi6 zf;g rNy] . ;f]leot ;+3sf sDo'lgi6x? ul/a b]zdf klg ljsf; xf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] g]kfndf ljB't pTkfbg of]hgf agfpg cfPsf lyP eGg] nfYof] . To;}tfsf rLlgofFx? klg c/lgsf] /fhdfu{ agfpg] qmddf ag]kf–sf7df8f}+ ;8s v08df 9'u+ f ljR5\ofpg otf kgf}tLsf] au/af6 9'u+ f n}hfg glhs kg{] ePsf]n] lxhf]cfhsf] l6k/ h:t} 8Dkmfx? 9'u+ f af]Sg cfpFy] . /l;og / rLlgofF b'j} sDo'lgi6 d'ns ' ePklg /l;og eGbf rLlgofF sDo'lgi6 /fd|f] eGg] klg ;'g] . lsg /fd|f] s;/L /fd|f] s]xL yfxf lyPg . 7"nfx?n] h] eGy] Tolx g} l7s xf]nf eGg] nfUYof] . afn dl:tisn] a'em\g] klg To:t} t xf]nf lg < To;}n] ?; eGbf rLg Kof/f] / dfcf]T;]tª' k|lt ;b\efj / cf:yf hfu[t klg ePsf] lyof] . ;dosf] qmd;Fu} vf]kf;Lsf] xif{ ;fx'sf] 5f]/f u0f]zbf; pns klg sDo'lgi6 xf] /] eGg] ;'g] . dnfO{ cfZro{ nfUof] . ;fx' dxfhgsf ;Gtfg s;/L / lsg sDo'lgi6 x'G5g\ < xf]nf / < To;k|sf/sf] lrGtg dgdf p7] klg sDo'lgi6 eGg] yfxf kfpFbf pgLk|ltsf] d]/f]

cf:yf / ;Ddfg efj a9\g yfn]sf] lyof] . d rf}w kGw| jif{sf] pd]/ eO;s]kl5 yfxf kfP u0f]zbf; pns t /l;og sDo'lgi6 kf] /x]5 . cem pgL t dfgGw/, /fodfemL jf s'grflxF u'6sf] /] eGg] klg ;'lgof] . d rflxF s]lx ga'em\bf ga'em\b} klg rLlgofF kIfw/ alg;s]sf] lyPF . rLlgofFx? /l;ogx?nfO{ ;+zf]wgjfbL eGby] cyf{t\ k"hF LjfbLk/:t eGy] . To;}n] ul/ax?sf] kIfw/ rLlgofF ;dy{sx? g]kfndf w]/} lyP . dfS;{jfbnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug{x] ?nfO{ /fd|f] dfGb}gy] To;}n] /l;ogx?sf] sDo'lgi6nfO{ /fd|f] dfGb}gy] g]kfnL hgtfx? ;d]t . gfd dfqsf] sDo'lgi6 eGy] . ;dosf] qmd;Fu} d g]skf dfn]df ;+ul7t ePF . @)$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngkZrft dfn] dfS;{jfbLx?sf] PsLs/0f eof] . g/fd|f] elgPsf kf6L{ / dflg;x? xfdL ;a} Pp6} kf6L{ / em08f d'lgsf eof}+ . lxhf]sf j]dn] efjgf, lrGtg ltQmtf

;dfKt eP . o:t}df lxhf] eg]sf nufOPsf c;To cf/f]kx? ;dfKt eP . xfdL cyf{t\ u0f]zbf; pnsx? l;t Psfsf/ eof}+ . u0f]zbf; pnsl;t ldqtf ;DaGw / s[ofzLntf dfq xf]Og cfTdLo dfof / ;xof]udf j[l4 x'g yfn]sf lyP . kf6L{ PsLs/0f kl5 kf6L{ sfof{nosf] cefjdf s}of}+ uf]Ko a}7sx? s= u0f]zbf; pnssf] 3/sf] sf]7fx?df a;]sf lyof}+ . Tolta]nf jxfFsf >LdtL / kl/jf/hgn] k'¥ofpg'ePsf] ;xof]u kf6L{n] lj;{]sf] 5}g . jxfFl;tsf] 3lgi6 ;DaGw kl5 yfxf eof] ls pxfFn] cfkm\g} kl/jf/df / a'afl;t klg dt leGgtf / ;+3if{sf] jftfj/0fdf a9\g'ePsf] /x]5 . cGofo / cTofrf/sf] lj?4df pleg' ePsf] /x]5 . jxfFn] cfkm"nfO{ hgtfsf] kIfw/tfdf sDo'lgi6 agL pEofpg ;kmn x'g'ePsf] /x]5 . To;f] t ;+o'Qm jfd cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf sfe|]df ;+of]hssf] e"ldsf klg lgefpg' ePsf] xf] . kl5Nnf] k6s jxfF g]skf Pdfn]sf] s]lGb|o ;Nnfxsf/ ;b:o /xg' ePsf] lyof] . kf6L{sf] gjf}+ dxflwj]zgsf] k|ltlglw /xg' ePsf] a]nf d cfkm" klg k|ltlglw eP/ dxflwj]zgdf ;Fu} efu lnPsf lyof}+ . To;avt u0f]z bf; pns / d w]/}h;f] ;Fu;Fu} /Xof}+ . xfdLn] kf6L{df b]vfk/]sf u'6aGbL, :jfyL{ ;d"x / :yfoL k|s[ltsf] u'6aGbL k|lt w]/} lrlGtt /x]/ s'/fsfgL u/]sf lyof}+ . To:tf unt k|j[lQx?sf] ljkIfdf jxfF v'n]/ af]Ng'x'GYof] . kf6L{ Ps l9ssf agL k|ltlqmofjfbLx? pk/ nfUg'kg{] To;f] ug{ g;s] k|ltlqmofjfbLx? g} xfjL /xg] atfpg'x'GYof] . pd]/sf] / :jf:Yosf] sf/0fn] kf6L{ sfddf ;lqmo x'g g;s]sf]df cK7\of/f] dfGg'x'GYof] . hLjgsf] pQ/fw{ pd]/df jxfF :jf:YonfO{ lg/f]uL /fVg of]u Wofglt/ nfUg'eof] eg] zflGtsf] lglDt af}4 ljxf/lt/ . hLjgsf] af/]df s'ga]nf s;nfO{ s] cfOk5{ s;n] eGg ;S5 / < u0f]z bf; sd/]8sf] kmf]S;f]df SofG;/sf ls6f0f'x?n] xdnf ul/;s]sf] /x]5 kQ} kfpg' ePg5 . jxfFsf] d[To'sf] sf/0f Tolx aGg k'Uof] . dflg;sf] ;lkmn hLjg eg]sf] …hLpFbf]df hGtL dbf{ dnfdLÚ eGy] jxfFsf] zjofqfdf kl5 nfu]sf ljzfn dnfdLn] ;kmn hLjg latfpg' ePsf] rl/tfy{ eof] . cGTodf jxfFsf] cfTdfn] zflGt k|fKt u/f];\, >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]sfs"n kl/jf/hgk|lt ;dj]bgf JoQm ub{5' .

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL :juf{/f]x0f @)&%.$.#)

hGd M !((%.$.!%

:j= nf]ss'df/L b'nfn

:j= ldgfs'df/L ahufO{

o; ;/:jtL lzIff u[x df=lj=sf ;+rfns ;b:o k"0f{k|;fb b'nfn nId0f b'nfn_ sf] ddtfdoL dftf nf]s s'df/L b'nfnsf] c;fdlos :juf{/f]x0fn] xfdL ddf{xt ePsf 5f}+ . o; bM'vb 38Lsf] lbgdf lbj+ut cfTdfsf] lr/zflGtsf] sfdgf ub]{ xflb{s >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt O{Zj/n] w}o{wf/0f ug]{ zlQm k|bfg u?g\ egL xflb{s ;dj]bgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

g]skfsf ;+ul7t ;b:o >L/fd ahufO{ tyf z'elrGtsx? pboaxfb'/, ;"o{axfb'/, /d]z ahufO{sf ddtfdoL dftf ldgfs'df/L ahufOs { f] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgx?df

k'ikf] /fo If}qL lji0f'dl0f clwsf/L /fhg k|= clwsf/L k|fr{fo ;~rfns cWoIf Joj:yfkg cWoIf

bfxfn -/fdk|;fb_, cWoIf tyf

Pj+

;/:jtL lzIff u[x df=lj kl/jf/ kfFrvfn $, sfe|]knf~rf]s

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

g]skf ag]kf gu/ # g+= j8f sld6L kl/jf/, gfnf, sfe|]

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL :juf{/f]x0f @)&%.$.#)

hGd M !((%.$.!% hGd M !(*#.%.!

:juf{/f]x0f @)&%.%.!

hGd M !(*#.%.!

:juf{/f]x0f @)&%.%.!

:j= xf]ds'df/L ;fksf]6f

o; ;dfhsf ;Nnfxsf/ k'?iff]Qd ;fksf]6f tyf ;b:ox? cRo't ;fksf]6f, >L/fd ;fksf]6f / pQd ;fksf]6fsL ddtfdoL dftf xf]ds'df/L ;fksf]6fsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]n] efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

g]skf sf # g+ If]lqo sld6L ;lrjfno ;b:o k'?iff]Qd ;fksf]6f, ;+ul7t ;b:o cRo't ;fksf]6f, >L/fd ;fksf]6f / z'elrGts pQd ;fksf]6fsL ddtfdoL dftf xf]ds'df/L ;fksf]6fsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]n] efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

ho/fd ;fksf]6f, cWoIf tyf

/fduf]kfn sdf{rfo{, cWoIf tyf

k/f]ksf/ d[To' ;+:sf/ ;xof]u ;dfh kl/jf/, ag]kf $, sfe|]

g]skf ag]kf gu/ $ g+= j8f sld6L kl/jf/, gfnf, sfe|]

:j= ldgfs'df/L ahufO{ o; ;ldltsf ;+:yfks ;b:o If]qaxfb'/ ahufO{sf wd{kTgL tyf ;b:ox? pboaxfb'/, ;"o{axfb'/, /d]z / sf]iffWoIf >L/fd ahfufO{sf] ddtfdoL dftf ldgfs'df/L ahufOs { f] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgx?df xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

df]xg ljgf]b ahufO{ cWoIf tyf

ahufO{ s'nb]jtf k'hf Joj:yfkg ;ldlt kl/jf/, ag]kf–#, 6';fn

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

jif{ @$ c+s $# @)&% ebf} & ut] ljxLjf/

sfhsf *! lzIfssf] ljj/0f, sf]–sf] lzIfs sxfF ;?jf eP <

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL :juf{/f]x0f @)&%.$.#)

hGd M !(($.!).^

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL :juf{/f]x0f @)&%.$.@#

hGd M @)!$.*.@(

:j= huGgfy >]i7 o; ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=sf ;+:yfks ;b:o ;'h]z >]i7sf k"hgLo lktf huGgfy >]i7sf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgx?df xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

ag]kf, sfe|]

/fs]z >]i7, cWoIf tyf cfkm\g} ljZjfl;nf] s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kl/jf/, ag]kf–!#,;fFuf, sfe|]

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

/fh]zs'df/ >]i7, cWoIf tyf x]nDa' oftfoft ;]jf ;ldlt kl/jf/

:juf{/f]x0f @)&%.$.@(

hGd M @)@@.@.!!

:juf{/f]x0f @)&%.$.@(

hGd M @)@@.@.!!

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL :juf{/f]x0f @)&%.$.@#

hGd M @)!$.*.@(

:j= huGgfy >]i7

o; ljBfnosf ;+:yfks ;b:o ;'h]z >]i7sf k"hgLo lktf huGgfy >]i7sf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgx?df xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

u|];Nof08 :s"n kl/jf/ ag]kf–!$,;fFuf, sfe|]

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL :juf{/f]x0f @)&%.$.@(

hGd M @)@@.@.!!

:j= hgs/fh lu/L

g]kfnL sfFu|]; rf}/Lb]p/fnL ufpFkflnsf j8f g+= ^ -;fljs sflQs] b]p/fnL ufpF_ OsfO{sf ;efklt tyf xfd|f cfb/0fLo hgs/fh lu/Lsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgx?df xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

ch{'g x'dfufO{

dfwj uf}td -sfe|]nL_

afa'/fd ;fksf]6f

xfn M sfF8f3f/L, sf7df8f}+

xfn M ag]kf

rf}/Lb]p/fnL ^ sfe|]

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

jif{jif{@$@$c+c+ss!^$#@)&$ @)&%kmfu' ebf}g &# ut] ljxLjf/

;8sdf cnkq ufO{afR5f ;/:jtL zdf{ ;'jb ] L lxGb" wd{df ufO{nfO{ nIdLsf] ?kdf k'lF hG5 . x/]s z'e sfo{df ufO{sf] k"hg / bfg ug]{ sfo{ clxn] klg k|rlnt 5 xfd|f] ;dfhdf . t/ klg log} uf}dftf ;8s k]6Ldf 56kl6/x]sL 5g\ knkn lj/fgf] / a];xf/f ag]/ . xfd|f] b]zdf sd} dflg;nfO{ dfq ufO{sf] dxTjsf af/]df hfgsf/L 5 h:tf] nfU5, ;8s k]6Lx?df cnkq a'9L ufO{ / ltgsf afR5fx? b]Vbf . cem} c? kz'kª\5LnfO{ b'Mv lbPeGbf a9L oftgf lbOG5 ufO{nfO{ ;8s k]6Ldf cnkq kf/]/ . r]tgzLn k|f0fL dflg; klg olt w]/} :jfyL{ aGg s;/L ;s]sf] xf]nf < cfFkm"nfO{ rflxbfF;Dd 3/df kfNg] / sfd gnfUg] ePkl5 ;8sdf k'of{spg] of] s:tf] rng < sxLF gePsf] hfqf xfF8L ufpFdf eg]em}+ ljZjsf s'g} klg b]zdf gePsf] ufO{sf] hfqf g]kfnsf ;8s k]6Ldf dfq b]Vg kfOG5 . wfld{s b[li6n] ufO{nfO{ kfNg' / k"hf ug{' kljq sfo{ dflgPsf] 5 . To;}n] ubf{ klg emg} a9L oftgf ef]Ug afWo l5g xfd|L uf}dftf . e}+;L, afR5f, s'v/' f, e]8+ f, RofË|f cflb ;8s k]6Ldf 5f]l8G5g\ / < tL kz'x¿nfO{ df;'sf] nf]en] :ofxf/ ul/G5 e/k'/ . xfd|f] b]zdf ufO{nfO{ s's/' eGbf klg tNnf] :t/df /flvPsf 36gf t xfd|f cfFvfn] ;x/sf ;8s k]6Ldf 5f8f 5f]l8Psf ;;fgf afR5f / a'9L ufO{nfO{ b]v]/} ;xh} cg'dfg nufpg ;S5g\ . j'4 hGd]sf] b]z oxL xf] . t/ olx b]zsf ;8s k]6Ldf cnkq l5g\ uf}dftf / ltgsf ;fgf afR5fx¿ . ufO{sf] z/L/df t]lQ; sf]6L b]jtfsf] af; x'G5 eg]/ n]lvPsf] 5, lxGb" wd{ u|Gydf . t]QL; sf]6L b]jtfsf] af; x'g'sf] cy{ oxL xf] < ufO{ o:tf] Ps dfq k|f0fL xf] wtL{sf] h;n] clS;hg lnP/ clS;hg g} kmfN5 . ufO{sf] ux"Ft /

uf]a/df le6fldg la!@ kfOG5 . To:t} kf]6fl;od, ;f]l8od, gfO6«f]hg kfOG5 . jftfj/0f k|b"if0f /lxt aG5 ufO{sf] Zjf;k|Zjf;af6 . ufO{sf] ux"Ft k|of]u u/]/ ljiffQm/lxt cufl{\gs t/sf/L pAhfpg ;lsG5 . ufO{sf] z/L/nfO{ lbgdf !)/!% ldg]6 ;'d;'Dofpg] JolQmnfO{ pRr /Qmrfk x'Fb}g . ufO{;Fu a:g]x¿ l8k|]zgsf] /f]uaf6 aRb5g\ . ufO{sf] b"w ;]jg d'6' /f]uL / yfO/fO8 /f]uLsf] nflu cltg} pkof]uL dflgG5 . ufO{n] cfˆgf] zL/af6 ;"o{sf] t]h u|x0f ug]{ ePsf]n] ufO{sf] b"w e}+;Lsf] eGbf jf c¿ kz'sf] eGbf kx]+nf] /ªsf] x'G5 . o;df k|f]l6g k|z:t dfqfdf kfOG5 . h'g afnaflnsfsf nflu pko'Qm x'G5 . lxGb" wd{ cg';f/ ufO{sf] ux"tF / uf]a/ rflxG5 3/ rf]Vofpg . nIdL k"hfsf] lbgdf ;x/ahf/df ;d]t vf]hL vf]hL NofOG5 ufO{sf] uf]a/ nIdLsf] k"hf ug]{ 7fpF kf]Tg . To:t} dflg;sf] hGd / d[To'df klg lxGb" wd{ cg';f/ ufO{sf] ux"Ftaf6 z'e sfo{sf] yfngL ul/G5 eg] cz'e sfo{df rf]Vofpgsf] nflu k|of]u ul/G5 . wfld{s sf/0f;Fu} j}1flgs sf/0f klg k|z:t hf]l8Psf 5g\ ufO{;uF . lsgls ufO{sf] ux"tF / uf]a/df s'g} klg ls6f0f'sf] ;+qmd0f x'Fb}g . To;}n] xf]nf xfd|f x/]s wfld{s s'/f;Fu ufO{sf] dxTj hf]l8Psf] 5 . ufO{ ;+;f/sf] Pp6f o:tf] Ps dfq k|f0fL xf] h;n] ;a}eGbf l56f] ldNg] ;fyL agfpF5 / b'lgofFnfO{ cfˆgf]kgsf] kf7 l;sfpF5 . t/ ltg} uf}dftf ;8s k]6Ldf cnkq k/]sf 36gf xfdLn] dg b'vfO{ b'vfO{ x]g{' k/]sf] 5 . dfG5]sf xft / l;s{gfn] klg gs'6]sf sxfF x'g / < s] s'g} dfgjtfsf] ;fOgf] 5}g oL ufO{;Fu dfG5]sf a:tLx?sf] < xfdL d:tn] lgbfO/x]sf x'G5f}+ . ;8s k]6Ldf 5f]l8Psf ;;fgf afR5fx¿nfO{ s's/' n] hLpFb} n'l5/x]sf x'G5g\ . s:tf] lj8Dagf of] xfd|f] b]zsf] < j'4sf] b]zsf] < s] s'g} lgsfo 5}g logsf] kIfdf jsfnt ug]{ < yf]/} af]lnlbg] < ltg} ufO{nfO{ /ftlbg 7"nf7"nf kfgLsf yf]kfx¿n] r'6\5g\ . udL{ ofddf Ps a'Fb

d]nldnfkstf{ ;]jf ;dfh g]kfnsf]

sd{rf/L cfjZostf

ufO{ ;+;f/sf] Pp6f o:tf] Ps dfq k|f0fL xf] h;n] ;a}eGbf l56f] ldNg] ;fyL agfpF5 / b'lgofFnfO{ cfˆgf]kgsf] kf7 l;sfpF5 . t/ ltg} uf}dftf ;8s k]6Ldf cnkq k/]sf 36gf xfdLn] dg b'vfO{ b'vfO{ x]g{' k/]sf] 5 . kfgLsf] nflu 56kl6G5g\ log} uf}dftf . ufpFsf jgkfvfdf 5f8f 5f]l8Psf a'9L ufO{ / ltgsf afR5fx¿nfO{ dWo/ftdf af3n] hLpFb} n'5]sf 36gfx¿ klg xfd|f sfgn] g;'g]sf] sxfF x'g / < log} ufO{nfO{ uf8Ln] xfg]/ cw{ hLljt agfP/ 5f]l8lbG5g\ ;8sdf . clg 56kl6/x]sL uf}dftfnfO{ grfx]/} x]g{ afWo x'G5g\ sof}+ cfFvfx¿ . xfdL ;+;f/sf] ;jf]{Ts[i6 k|f0fL dflg;sf] a:tL o:tf] 5 . ljb]zL ko{6s cfpFbf o;/L 5f8f 5f]l8Psf ufO{ / ltgsf afR5f b]v]/ s:tf] 5fk kbf]{ xf] < ltgsf dgdf xfd|f] b]zk|lt < xfdL lgw{Ss;Fu 5ftL km'nfP/ lxl8/x]sf x'G5f}+ . b'O{ rf/ hgfn] dg b'vfP/ ;dfwfg x'g] s'/f klg sxfF /x]5 / < 6f]n6f]n / dflg;sf dgx¿df ufO{k|lt bofsf] efjgf hfu[t x'g'kb{5 . olb ;Rrf Åbon] ufO{nfO{ cfTd;ft\ ug]{ xf] eg] o;/L uf}dftf ;8sk]6Ldf cnkq x'Ggg\ slxNo} . cfhef]ln tLj| ultdf a9\bf]5 of] qmd ufO{nfO{ kfNg] a'9L ePkl5 ;8s k]6Ldf kmfNg] . clg afR5fx¿nfO{ :ki6O{ eGg' kbf{ ufO{sf a/x¿nfO{ af6f]df kmfNg] eofjx l:yltsf] l;h{gf eO/x]sf] 5 . lbg k|ltlbg o:tf 36gf a9\bf] ¿kdf 5g\ . x'nsf x'n ufO{ / afR5f ;8s k]6Ldf cnkq 5f]l8G5 . s]

;DalGwt lgsfosf] s'g} bfloTj 5}g < b}lgs ?kdf /fhdfu{sf ;8sk]6Ldf ufO{afR5fx? cnkq ¿kdf b]lvg yfn]sf 5g\ . ufO{ / afR5fx¿ ;8sdf 5f]8\g] klg xfdL dWos} dflg; xf}+ . xfd|f] dgsf] yf]/} bof dfof klg lgly|of] / < kz'kª\5L ;+/If0fdf ;/sf/sf] bfloTj /xFb}g / < yf]/} k|Zgsf] cufl8 Pp6f pQ/ x'G5 . yf]/} dfof u/f}+ . yf]/} ;b\efgj /fvf}+ . ;/sf/L sf]ifaf6 kz'kª\5L ;+/If0fsf nflu cfjZos sfo{qmd / of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f x'g' h¿/L 5 . :yfgLo txaf6 s[ifsx?nfO{ ufO{sf] dxTj bzf{pg] vfnsf hgr]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd ;~rfng x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5 . ufO{ arfcf}+ cleofgdf ;DalGwt lgsfo ;lqmo ¿kn] nfUg'kg]{ b]lvG5 . 5f8f ufO{ afR5f 5f]8g\ n] fO{ s8f sf/jfxLsf] 3]/fleq Nofpg' kg]{ b]lvG5 .ufO{ afR5f 5f]8g\ x] ¿nfO{ klg lgb{oL gagf}+ . b"w vfP/ uf}dftf / ltgsf afR5fx¿nfO{ ;8sk]6L / jgkfvfdf gkmfnf}+ . vfg lbP/ ePklg uf]7d} /fvf}+ . ufO{sf] uf]a/n] p;nfO{ kfN5 . r]tgzLn k|f0fLsf a:tLn] cr]tg k|f0fLsf cfjfh ;'Gg] k|oTg u/f}+ . yf]/} dfof u/f}+ . clnslt ;b\ef/j /fvf}+ . of] wtL{ ;a}sf] ;femf xf] . cfFkm" klg afFrf}+ / c¿nfO{ klg lgw{Ss;Fu afRg kfpg] jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf u/f}+ . cfFkm" v'zL eP/ afFrf}+ . c¿nfO{ klg ;'/lIft eP/ afFRg lbcf}+ .

s[lt art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= o; ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns ;ldltsf] ldlt @)&%÷)%÷)% ut] a;]sf] a}7ssf] lg0f{o cg';f/ lgDg laifox?df 5nkmn u/L lg0f{o ug{sf] nflu lgDg ldlt, :yfg / ;dodf gjf}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef a:g] ePsf] x'bF f ;Dk"0f{ z]o/ ;b:o dxfg'efjx?sf] ;d'kl:yltsf] nflu xflb{s cg'/f]w ul/G5 .

cfjZostf

5nkmnsf laifox? M– · cf= j= @)&$ ÷)&% sf] jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg k|:t't tyf cg'df]bg ug]{ ;DaGwdf . · cf= j= @)&$÷)&% sf] cfly{s k|ltj]bg k|:t't tyf cg'df]bg ug]{ ;DaGwdf . · cf=j= @)&$ ÷)&% sf] n]vf tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg k|:t't tyf cg'df]bg ug]{ ;DaGwdf . · cf=j @)&$÷)&% sf] n]vfkl/If0f k|ltj]bg kfl/t ug]{ ;DaGwdf . · cf=j= @)&% ÷)&^ sf] aflif{s sfo{of]hgf tyf cg'dflgt ah]6 k|:t't tyf cg'df]bg ug]{ ;DaGwdf . · lg0f{o k'l:tsfdf x:tfIf/ ug]{ k|ltlglw 5gf}6 ug]{ ;DaGwdf . · cf=j= @)&%÷)&^ sf] n]vf kl/Ifssf] lgo'lQm Pj+ kfl/>lds tf]Sg] ;DaGwdf . · ;+rfns ;ldlt tyf n]vf ;ldltsf] lgjf{rg ;DaGwdf . · ljljw . sfo{qmd M ldlt M @)&%÷)%÷@@ cflzs/fh sfo:y :yfg M ;+:yfsf] sfof{no, ag]kf ;lrj sfo{qmd k|f/De M laxfg !! M)) ah] ;Dks{ M )!!–^^!)#$÷ ^^@*(), (*%!@!@%*), (*%!@!@%() gf6] M ;fwf/0f ;efdf ;xefuL xg'] ;b:ox?nfO{ oftfoft vrs { f] Joj:yf ul/g5] . lgjf{rg sfo{qmd tflnsf s[lt art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+;yf ln= sf] ;+rfns ;ldlt / n]vf tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ;ldltsf] lgjf{rg @)&% sf] sfo{qmd tflnsf lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5 .

o; o'Pd art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]kfsf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] sd{rf/L cfjZostf ePsf] x'bF f OR5's JolQmx?n] ;"rgf k|sflzt ldltn] & -;ft_ lbg leqdf cfj]bg lbg'xf]nf . kb M lkmN8 ;xfos -k'?if_ ;+Vof M ! of]Uotf M POO{ jf ;f] ;/x tna M !),))) .– ± cGo ;'ljwfx? k]z ug{k' g{] sfuhftx? g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|ltlnlk, xfn;fn} lvlrPsf] kmf]6f], lgj]bg, z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkq, sfo{cg'ejsf] k|df0fkq, afof]8f6f . gf]6 M df]6/;fOsn / nfO;]G; ePsfnfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf . ;Dks{

o'Pd art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]kf–*, sfe|,] kmf]g g+= )!!^^@&%*

;fwf/0f ;ef x'g] ;DaGwL ;"rgf 5nkmnsf laifox? !_cf=a=)&$.&% sf] jflifs k|ult k|lta]bg pk/ 5nkmn ul/ kfl/t ug]{ ;DaGwdf @_cf=a=)&$.&% sf]] cfly{s k|ult k|lta]bg 5nkmn ul/ kfl/t ug]{ ;DaGwdf . #_cf=a=)&$.&% sf] n]vf kl/If0f k|ltj]bg k|:t't ul/ kfl/t ug]{ ;DaGwdf . $_cf=a=)&$.&% sf] n]vf ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug]{ ;DaGwdf . %_cf=a=)&%.&^ sf] cg'dflgt sfo{ of]hgf tyf cfo Aoo laj/0f k|:t't tyf 5nkmn ug]{ ;DaGwdf . ^_cf=a=)&%.&^ sf] nfuL n]vf kl/Ifs lgo'lQm / kfl/>lds tf]Sg] ;DaGwdf . &_;+:yfsf] lalgod ;+;f]wg tyf gLlt lgdf{0f af/] . *_lg0f{o k'l:tsfdf x:tfIf/ ug{ k|ltlglw rog ug]{ ;DaGwdf . (_lalaw

gjf}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efsf] ;"rgf

b/vf:t ldlt / ;do gf3]/ cfPsf] cfj]bgpk/ s'g} sf/jfxL x'g] 5}g . b/vf:t lbg] 7]ufgf M cmsnkavre@gmail.com yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu /d]z x'dfufO{ -cWoIf_ kmf]g g+= M (*^!#*&&&&

ag]kf–% sfe],| kmf]g g+=)!!–^^#**^

pk/f]Qm ;DaGwdf o; ;+:yfsf] ldlt @)&%.#.#@ df a;]sf] ;o+Q ' m a}7ssf] lg0f{ofg';f/ lgDg laifox?df 5nkmn ul/ lg0f{o ug{sf] nflu lgDg ldlt,;do,/ :yfgdf ;fwf/0f ;ef a:g] ePsf] x'bfF pkl:yltsf] nflu xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5' .

ag]kf— &, sfe]|, kmf]g g+= M )!! —^^!)#$÷^^@*()

@)&%.%.( ut] a]ns ' f % ah];Dd

>L ef]d+ L ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf lnld6]8

;+of]hs lgjf{rg pk–;ldlt

sfo{qmdM ldlt M@)&%.)%.!^ ut], zlgaf/ :yfg Mof]u ejg ,ag]kf–% btf{ ;do Mlaxfg !!M))ah] b]lv lbpF;f] @M)) ah] ;Dd sfo{qmd k|f/De Mlbgsf] !M))ah] -u0f]z gf/fo0f hf]zL_ ;lra

gf]6 !_ ;fwf/0f ;efdf z]o/ ;b:o cfkm} pkl:yt x'gk' g]5 { . cGo JolQmnfO{ a}7s eQf pknAw u/fOg] 5}g . @_ ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt x'g cfpbf of] k` ;fydf lnP/ cfpg' xf]nf . #_;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt x'g] ;b:o nfO{ a}7s eQf :a?k ? $)) .– s/ s§L u/L ? #$).– k|bfg ul/g]5 .lbp;f] @M)) ah] kl5 pkl:yt x'g] ;b:o nfO{ a}7s eQf pknAw u/fOg] 5}g . $_P;=O=O kl/Iffdf pTs[i6 >]0fL Nofpg ;kmn z]o/ ;b:o 5fq. 5fqf ! .! hgf ;Ddfg ul/g] x[bfF ldlt @)&% efb| * ut] leq k|fKtfÍ ;lxt sfof{nodf ;Dks{ ug{ x'g cg'/f]w ub5f} . k'gZr z]o/ ;b:o ;a} nfO{ k` k7fO ;s]sf] 5 . kq k|fKt gePdf o; ;'rgfnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL pkl:yltsf] nflu cg'/f]w ub{5' .

sd{rf/L cfjZostf o; sDkgL kf|=ln=sf] nflu bx]foadfl]hdsf sdr{f/L cfjZos ePsf] xb'F f kg'M of] lj1fkg ks | flzt ul/Psf] 5 . OR5s ' ofU]otf ku's ] f JolQmx?n] cfkmg\f] ofU]otfsf] kd|f0fkq / afof8]f6f;lxt ! xKtfleq sfofn { odf ;Dks{ /fVgx'g' cg/'fw] ul/G5 . != kb M ;xfos nv ] fkfn ;V+of M ! ofU]otf M ±@ pQL0f{ -sDKo6'/df nv ] f ;DaGwL lx;fa /fVg ;Sg_] cge'jLnfO{ ljzi]f kf|yldstf lbOg5] . tna M cfk;L ;dembf/Ldf

;Dks{ M

sfe]| ek'" ;l}gs ;S]ol'/6L ;Knfo;{ sDkgL kf|=ln= agk]f & ufb ] fdrfs ] kmfg] g=+ )!!–^^#!@^, (*%!)&($&*

s[lt art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=

ag]kf— &, sfe]|, kmf]g g+= M)!! —^^!)#$ ÷ ^^@*()

shf{ r'Qmf e'Qmfg ug]{ ;DaGwL #% lbg] ;"rgf k|yd k6s k|sflzt ldlt @)&%÷)%÷)& o; ;+:yfaf6 tklzndf pNn]lvt tkfO{ C0fLx?n] shf{ pkef]u ub}{ cfpg'ePsf]df pQm shf{sf] ;+:yfnfO{ ltg'{ a'emfpg' kg]{ ;fFjf, Aofh cflb r'Qmf e'Qmfg ug{ cfpg tkfO{x?nfO{ k6s—k6s df}lvs tyf lnlvt ?kdf ;'rgf u/L t/—tfs]tf ubf{ ;d]t shf{ r'Qmf e'Qmfg ug{ s'g} rf;f] gb]vfO{ a]jf:tf u/]sf] n] C0f shf{ r'Qmf e'Qmfg ug{ cfpg'xg' of] #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;'rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq o; ;+:yfdf ;Dks{ /fvL k|fKt C0fsf] ;Dk"0f{ afFsL aSof}tf ;fFjf, Aofh ;d]t r'Qmf u/L cfkm\gf] lwtf] ;Dklt km'sj' f u/L lng' x'g ;'lrt ul/G5 . cGoyf C0fL tyf hdfgt bftfx?nfO{ ;+:yfsf] ljlgod, C0fsf zt{x? tyf ;xsf/L P]g @)&$ sf] bkmf &( sf] pkbkmf !, # bkmf *) sf] pkbkmf ! tyf *#, *$ cg';f/ sfnf] ;'rLdf /fvL C0f c;'nL tyf sf/afxL k|lqmof cjnDag u/L C0f c;'nL ul/g] Joxf]/f ;d]t cjtu u/fpFb5f}+ . C0fLsf] ljj/0f C0fLsf] gfd M lbg]z clwsf/L a'afsf] gfd M bfdf]b/ k|;fb clwsf/L afh]sf] gfd M lai0f'x/L clwsf/L :yfoL 7]ufgf M dxfsfn sfe]| xfn ag]kf –$ sfe|] gf= k|=g+= M #)!)%! ÷!*!#%% lwtf]sf] ljj/0f :yfoL sfe]| lhNnf dxfsfn xfn sfe]| lhNNff ag]kf $ cjl:yt lai0f'x/L clwsf/Lsf] gflt bfdf]b/ k|;fb clwsf/Lsf] 5f]/f lbg]z clwsf/Lsf gfddf btf{ sfod ;'Aaf ufpF uf= lj=; ÷g=kf a8f g+= * df /x]sf] lsQf g+=!(@% sf] If]qkmn !—!—!—) hUUff tyf lnu nufkft ;d]t .

C0fLsf] kmf]6f]

hdfgLstf{sf] ljj/0f gfd M /d]z yfkf a'afsf] gfd M ch'g{ yfkf afh]sf] gfd M wg axfb'/ yfkf 7]ufgf M 6f}vfn –$ sfe|] ======================== gfd M lbks clwsf/L a'afsf] gfd M bfdf]b/ k|;fb clwsf/L afh]sf] gfd M lai0f'x/L clwsf/L :yfoL 7]ufgf M dxfsfn sfe]| xfn ag]kf –$ sfe|]

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

tkfO{x?sf] ;xof]u eP d afFRg]5'

jif{ @$ c+s $# @)&% ebf} & ut] ljxLjf/

kf]N6«L ljz]if 8f= u0f]z aGhf/f

d]/f] gfd /fh' /vfn du/ xf] . d]/f] hGd sfe|] lhNnf ;fljs dxfb]j6f/ uflj; j8f g+= & / xfn /f]zLufpFkflnsf j8f g+= $ xf] / d]/f] hGd lj=;+= @)^) d+l;/ !& ut] hGd ePsf] xf] . / d uPsf] lbgx? /fd|};Fu latfO/x]sf] lyPF . d ufpFsf] :s'n >L yfgfklt k|fljdf k9\y] . ToxfF sIff % ;Dd k9fO{ x'G5 . sIff % k9]kl5 To; :s'n 5f8]/ d dxfef/t ufpFkflnsf dfdfsf] 3/df k9\g uPF . ufpFsf] :s"ndf d Psb]lv lnP/ kfFr;Dd klxnf] ePsf] lyPF . t/ dxfef/t dfdfsf] 3/sf] :s'ndf uP/ klg d ;]s0] 8 ePF . dfdfsf] 3/glhs ePsf] :s"nsf] gfd xf] >L ;De]Zj/ cfwf/e"t ljBfno xf] / d]/f] a'afn] dnfo{ ^ jif{bl] v :s'ndf egf{ ul/lbg'eof] / d nuftf/ :s'n k9\gsf] lglDt uO/xGy] / d]/f] k9fO{ To; :s"ndf klg /fd|f] lyof] . ToxfsfF lzIfs b]lv lnP/ ;fyLefO{ dnfO{ ;fx|} dg k/fpFy] . d k9\gdf klg cAan lyPF . d]/f] :s"ndf /x'Gh]n rfnrngx? /fd|} lyof] . k|yd q}dfl;s k/LIff lbPF . bf];f| ] q}dfl;s lbFbflbFb} tLglbg b]lv d :s"ndf k/LIff lbg hfg ;lsgF . d lj:tf/fdf 9n]+ . d}n] a'afnfO{ kmf]g u/] a'af d lj/fdL ePF eg]/ . a'af t'?Gt} ef]lnkN6 cfpg'eof] / dnfO{ ufpFdf lnP/ hfg'eof] . ufpFdf NofPkl5 a'afn] ;a}nfO{ b]vfpg'eof] / xftuf]8f kx]n+ f] b]v/] hl08; xf]nf eg]/ hl08;sf]

hl8a'6L cf}iflw v'jfpg' eof] t/ dnfO{ ToxfF ufpFdf pkrf/ gx'g] h:tf] b]v/] hl08; xl:k6n l;tfkfOnf k'¥ofpg'eof] . ToxfF uP/ hfFr ubf{ hl08; xf]Og eg]/ 8fS6/n] atfP . To;kl5 /utsf] dfqf sdL 5 /ut /fVof] eg] l7s x'G5 eg]/ 8fS6/n] eg] . To;kl5 a'afn] dnfO{lz/ d]df]l/on xl:k6ndf egf{ ul/lbg'eof] . egf{ ug{] ljlQs} cfOl;o"df /fVg'eof] . 8fS6/nfO{ a'afn] ;f]Wbf xfdL eGg ;Sb}gf} h] klg x'g ;S5 eGg'eof] . a'af /utsf] vf]hLdf lxF8g\ e' of] . / a'afn] /ut vf]h/] Nofpg'eof] . /ut /fv]kl5 d lj:tf/} ljpFem] . To;kl5 d d]/f] nflu a'afn] /utsf] vf]hLdf a'afn] htftt} An8 a}+sdf /ut vf]hL u/]/ d]/f] hLjg arfpg vf]Hb} lxF8\g'eof] . / a'afn] xl:k6nsf] 8fS6/;Fu ;f]Wg'eof] s] s;f] ubf{ d]/f] 5f]/f /fd|f] x'G5 egL a'em\g'eof] . To; c:ktfndf d]/f] pkrf/ ug{ g;lsg] b]v]kl5 eQmk'/ SofG;/ xl:6kn k7fof] ToxfF nu]/ pkrf/ ul/of] t/ ToxfF klg /f]u kQf nufpg ;s]g . ToxfFaf6 dxf/fhu~h uP/ r]s eof] ToxfF klg kQf nufpg g;s]kl5 hfjnfv]n k7fof] . ToxfFklg /f]u kQf gnfu]kl5 a'af 5f]/fsf] kL/n] ef}tfl/Fbf 3/ kms{g] qmddf ;"o{ljgfos cfOk'Ubf lz/ d]df]l/on xl:k6nsf] 8fS6/n] kmf]g u/]/ ;f]Wg'eof] tkfO{sf] afa'sf] s] 5 va/ < a'afn]

gof“ egf{ v'Nof] ;~hLjgL sn]h, w'lnv]ndf z}=;= @)&%.)&^ sf] nflu

BBS

4 Years

-cFu|]hL / g]kfnL, b'j} dfWoddf_

d/]S; /f]u

eGg'eof] 8fS6/;fa 5f]/fsf] l:ylt uDeL/ 5 slxF /f]u kQf nufpg ;s]g km]/L lz/ d]df]l/on xl:k6n kms{b} 5' . lz/ d]df]l/on xl:k6ndf nu]/ An8 r9fOof] To;kl5 clns l7s ePF . a'af cem} pkrf/sf] vf]hLdf lxF8\g'eof] . 8fS6/n] a'afnfO{ l;len xl:k6nsf] 8fS6/nfO{ e]6\g ;Nnfx lbg'eof] w]/} k6s wfpFbf wfpFbf aNn l;len xl:k6nsf] 8fS6/ e]l6of] . 8fS6/ e]6]kl5 a'afn] 8fS6/;Fu ;f]wk'5 ubf{ 8fS6/n] af]gDof/f] jfo'K;L u/fpg'k5{ To;}u/L ;a} r]s hfFr ubf{ /f]u olx xf] egL kQf nufof] . /f]u t kQf nfUof] /f]u kQf nfUg bzf}+ nfv vr{ eof] . clxn] d]/f] z/L/df af]g Dof/f] k|Tof/f]k0f ug{k' g{] ePsf] 5 . d]/f] cfly{s l:ylt sdhf]/ 5 d]/f] pkrf/df d]/f] afa'sf] ePsf] ;DklQ ;ls;s]sf] 5 / gfh's l:ylt eO;s]sf] 5 / cem} 8fS6/sf] ;Nnfxdf kGw|nfv nfUg] eg]sf] 5 / dnfO{ afFRg] OR5f /x]sf] 5 s] ug{] l:ylt ;fx|} sdhf]/ 5

B.Ed. 4 Years

st}af6 cfd g]kfnL cfdfa'af bfh'efO{ tyf lbbLalxgLx?n] ;xof]u ul/lbg' eof] eg] afFR5' xf]nf . d d afFr/] k9]/ 7"nf] dfG5] eof] eg] xh'/sf] u'0f ltg{5 ] ' / d afFR5' dnfO{ arfpg'xf];\ . 8fS6/n] eg]sf] 5 dnfO{ afFR5 eg]/ t/ s] ug{] d}n] ubf{ d]/f] a'afnfO{ w]/} b'Mv eof] . tkfO{x? ;a} ldn]/ dnfO{ arfpg'xf];\ . :jb] z tyf ljb]zdf a;]sf cfdf a'af, bfh'efO{ tyf lbbLalxgL Psrf]6L ;xof]u ul/lbg'xf]nf . dnfO{ ;xof]u ul/lbg'x'G5 eg] d]/f] a}+s vftf g+= df /sd hDdf ug{ ;Sg'x'g]5 . d]/f] a'afsf] ;Dks{ g+= (^!$(%^!)& df klg ;Dks{ ug{ ;Sg'x'g]5 . /sd hDdf ug{sf] nflu d]/f] gfd df /x]sf] /fh' /vfn du/, s[lif ljsf; a}+s ag]kf zfvfsf] vftf g+= )@!@^)!@$%)#*)!%, a'af lji0f'axfb'/ /vfn du/ df5fk'R5«] a}=s ag] k f zfvfsf] vftf g+ = @)$)%@$@!&^&))!& /x]sf] 5 .

@)&%÷)&^

-d'Vo ljifo cFuh ]| L, g]kfnL, :jf:Yo tyf zfl//Ls lzIff / hg;+Vof lzIff_ df k|yd jif{sf] nflu gofF egf{ v'Nof] . cfkm\gf] l;6 ;'/lIft ug{x' f];\

;Dks{

;~hLjgL sn]h, w'lnv]n ;Dks{ M )!!–$())%$, (*$!%!$^(# -u/La, h]xG] bf/, b'ud{ tyf blnt ljBfyL{x?nfO{ 5fqj[lQsf] Joj:yf ;fy} dfu cg';f/sf] a;sf] klg Joj:yf x'g5 ] ._

xflbs { awfO{ tyf ze ' sfdgf

o; ;fd'bflos art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=sf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t dbg a:g]t g]kfn art tyf C0f s]lGb|o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= -g]km\:s"g_ sf] #! cf}+ :yfkgf lbj;sf] cj;/df ldlt @)&% ;fpg #! ut] cfof]lht sfo{qmddf g]kfn clw/fHoel/sf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf dWo]af6 pTs[i6 Joj:yfks 3f]lift x'g'ePsf]df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub{} pQ/f]Q/ k|ultsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

k|sfz a~hf/f cWoIf Pj+

;fd'bflos art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kl/jf/, kgf}tL, sfe|]

xlk{; efO/; cyf{t xlk{; ljiff0f' (DNA efO/;_ cGt{ut /x]sf] d]/S] ; /f]un] s'v/' fx?df ;+qmfds /f]u lgDTofpg d2t ub{5 . d/]S; /f]u nufpg] ljiff0f' Uofln8 cNkmfxlk{; efO/; (Gallidalphaherpes virus-2, GaHV-2) x? ;+qmldt s'v'/fx?sf] z/L/sf] cGt ;Dd /xG5 . e{v/} c08f af6 pTkflbt rNnfx?df p;sf] dfpdf ePsf] PlG6al8n] s]lx xKtf ;Dd /Iff u/]sf] x'G5 . olb ;+qmd0f ePdf ! b]lv @ xKtf kl5 ;'Id nIf0fx? b]lvG5g eg] cfFvfn] b]lvg] nIf0fx? # b]lv $ xKtf kl5 b]lvG5g . ljz]if u/L z/L/sf] lelqefudf 6\o'd/ x'g' of] /f]usf] d'Vo nIf0f x'g . slxn] sflx # b]lv $ xKtfsf] pd]/df of] /f]u b]lvPtf klg ljz]if ul/ !@ b]lv #) xKTff ;Ddsf] s'v'/fdf of] /f]u b]lvg ;S5 . efn] eGbf kf]yL s'v'/fdf a9L c;/ b]vfpg] of] /f]un] Psrf]6L vf]/df ;+qmd0f b]vfPdf Ps kG5L b]lv csf]{ kG5Ldf /f]u rf8f] km}lng d2t ub{5 . /f]u ;g]{ ;Defjgf !) b]lv %) k|ltzt /xG5 eg] d[To'b/ !)) k|ltzt ;Dd x'g ;S5 . x+u]/Log e]6]g/Log hf];]km d]/]Ss af6 d]/]S; /f]usf] gfdfs/0f ePsf] kfOG5 . o; /f]udf T- Cell Lymphoma /x]sf] x'G5 eg] Lymphocytes n] :gfo" k|0ffnL / leqL c+ux?nfO{ 3]/]sf] x'G5 . /f]u ;fg]{ sf/0fx? · o:Tff ljiff0f'x? KjfFv / s'v'/fsf] rfofaf6 s'v'/fdfZjf; k|Zjf;sf] dfWodaf6 ;g{ ;S5g . s'v'/fsf] rfofaf6 ;g]{ dfWodx?df h+unL r/f, xfjf, dflg;sf h'Qf klg kg{ ;S5g . · /f]uk|lt/f]wfTds zlQm sd u/fpg] x'gfn] c? /f]usf] ;+qmd0fnfO{ cj;/ k|bfg ub{5, Ps s'v/' faf6 csf]{ s'v/' fdf 6fl;bf klg /f]u ;xh} ;g{ ;S5 . · vf]/sf sfnfls/f / ltgsf nfef{n] klg /f]u ;fg{ d2t u5{g . d/]S; /f]usf ?kx? M !_lgp/f]lnDkmf]D6f]l;; (Neurolymphomatosis) v'§f jf kv]6f Ps lt/sf] jf b'j} lt/ kIf3ft b]lvG5 . Eofu; ge{ (Vagus Nerve) sf] klg cfj4 ePsfn] Zjf; km]g{ u|fx|f] / uh]/f]sf] cfsf/ 7'nf] x'g ;S5 . 5fnf / leqsf] c+ux?df 6\od' / b]lvG5 . k|ToIf ?kdfo;n] c;/ ug]{ c+ux?df l8Daf;o, lkmof], sn]hf], d[uf}nf, kmf]S;f], d'6,' k|fe] l] G6s'n; / P8\/g] N; (Adrenals) kb{5g . @_ tLI0f d]/S] ; /f]u EoflS;gg nufPsf kG5Lx?Dff emf]qmfpg], kIf3ft x'g] / *) k|ltzt ;Dd dg{ ;S5g . of] ;d:of $ b]lv * xKtfsf] ;dodf b]lvG5 . #_ cs'n/ lnDkmf]Eof6f]l;; (Ocular

Lymphomatosis) s'v/' fx?sf] cfFvfx? km';f| ] x'b} hfG5g / cfFvfsf] gfgL ;fgf] 7'nf] eOcGwf x'G5g . $_ So'6flgo; d/]S; /f]u (Cutaneous Mareks Diseases) o;df 5fnfdf KjfFvpd|s ] f] 7fFpdf ;'lGgG5 / km';f| ] b]lvG5 . %_ /f]u k|lt/f]wfTds zlQmsf] sdL M /f]u k|lt/f]wfTdszlQmsf] sdLn] ubf{ ljleGg ;+qmfds /f]u h:t} Osf]nfO{ / slS;l8of]l;; b]lvg ;S5 . aiff{ km]lA/s; leqklg 6\od' / ljsfz eO /f]u k|lt/f]wfTds zlQmnfO{ ;'Go kfb{5 . /f]u klxrfg /f]u klxrfgsf] lglDt /f]usf] nIf0f b]vf k/]sf] Oltxf;, nIf0fx?, pd]/ / z/L/df kl/jt{g ePsf] c+ux? x'G5g . kf]i6 df6{ddf · v}/f] ;]tf] lgof]Knfli6s (Neoplastic) tGt'x? sn]hf], lkmof], kmf]S;f] l8Daf;o, d'6,' / df;'df b]lvG5 . · :gfo'sftGt'x? df]6f x'G5g / tlGsg] u'0fx?dfgfz x'G5 . d/]S; h:t} b]lvg] c? /f]u lnDkmf]O8 lnpsf]l;; (Lymphoid Leucosis) a6'lnhd (Botulism), yfoldgsf] (B1) sdL, le6fldg–l8, SoflN;od / kmf]:kmf]/;sf] sdL x'g ;S5g . pkrf/ M d/]S; /f]usf] k|efjsf/L, pkrf/ x'bg} . pkrf/ gePs} x'gfn] gofF n6sf kG5LnfO{ k'/fgf] n6sf] kG5Lx?sf] w'nf]sf] ;Dks{df cfpg glbg], lg;+qmd0f ug]{ cf}iflwsf] k|of]u, /fd|f] u'0f:t/sf] bfgf v'jfpg] lgoldt k/lhjL lj?4 cf}iflw v'jfpg] ug'k{ b{5 . o;f] ubf{ kG5Ldf /f]u k|lt/f]wfTds zlQmsf] ljsf; eO/fv]sf] x'G5 . /f]syfd /f]syfdsf] nflu EoflS;g g} k|efjsf/L dfWod /xG5 .EoflS;gx?df HVT / GallidHerpesvirus type 3 cyjf Attenuated MDV strain, CVI988-Rispens klxnf] lbg nufpg ;lsG5 . h}ljs ;'/Iffdf Wofg lbg'kg]{ x'G5 . sl/a !% xKtf b]lv ^% xKtf;Dd df6f]df afFRg ;Sg] of] ljiff0f' Sjf6/g/L Pdf]lgod sDkfp08 / k]mgf]n (Quaternary ammonium and phenol) ;+ u ;+jb] glzn x'bg} g\ .

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

@)&%kmfu'ebf} ljxLjf/ jif{jif{@$@$c+sc+s!^$# @)&$ g #&ut]ut]ljxLjf/

xflb{s s[t1tf hGd M !((&.$.^

:juf{/f]x0fM @)&%.$.@@

:j= u0f]zbf; pns xfd|f >4]o Pj+ dfGoj/ u0f]zbf; pnssf] &( jif{sf] pd]/df c;fdlos b]xfj;fg ePsf] !# cf}+ lbgsf] k'0oltlydf lbj+ut cfTdfsf] rL/ zflGtsf] nflu dfO{ r08]Zj/L;Fu k|fy{gf ub{} efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{5f}+ . ;fy} o; b'Mvb\ 38Ldf xfdLk|lt ;xfg'e"lt, ;fGTjgf Pj+ ;dj]bgf k|s6 ug{'x'g] ;Dk"0f{ z'e]R5's, gftf, s'6'Da, Oi6ldq, cfkmGt, ;fyLefO{, 5/l5d]s Pj+ ;+3;+:yfk|lt xflb{s s[t1tf JoQm ub{5f}+ . >LdtL M cfzfdfof pns

bfh'÷efph' huGgfy pns÷zflGtb]jL pns

efO÷a'xf/L sfG5Ldfof pns cfzfsfhL j}B÷lji0f'dfof j}B

5f]/f÷a'xf/L /d]z bf; pns÷nIdL pns

gflt÷a'xf/Lx? ;lrg k|wfg÷OZj/L k|wfg l/hg hf]zL÷lalhtf hf]zL gfltgLx? lzl/if j}B ;f]s[R5f j}B ;f]OR5f j}B kgflt÷kgftLgLx? la|;f >]i7 l/ofg hf]zL xl/ ç k|wfg

gflt÷gfltgLx? ?k]z pns÷/ZdL pns ;do >]i7÷h'gf k|wfg ;'ed >]i7 /f]dg rGBf] /f]xg rGBf] /f]hg rGBf] ebf÷a'xf/Lx? uf]kfn j}B÷;? j}B s[i0f uf]kfn j}B÷zf]ef j}B xl/uf]kfn j}B÷;'idf j}B

5f]/L÷HjfO“ ;'sb]j hf]zL÷OZj/L hf]zL O{= hLjg k|wfg÷s]z/L k|wfg

8f= /fds[i0f rGBf]÷8f= d~h]Zj/L rGBf]

8f= /ljg >]i7÷k'0oZj/L >]i7

elthf÷a'xf/Lx? eujfg bfz pns÷/rgf pns cgGt nIdL pns ldgf pns laho pns÷/]g'sf pns cd[tgf/fo0f pns÷u'h]Zj/L pns pQdbf; pns÷a'4nIdL pns uf}tdbfz pns÷rDkf pns /fh' pns÷pld{nf pns clgtgf/fo0f pns÷clgzf pns cflzif pns÷k|ldnf pns

tyf

;Dk0"f{ pns kl/jf/, sfe]|

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

tfdfª kqsf/sf] lrofkfg / cGt{lqmof w'lnv]n÷tfdfª k|zf/0f lbj; ;"rgf lbj;sf] ;Gb{edf cfof]lht :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] gLlt, sfo{qmd tyf ah]6df cflbjf;L hghflt tfdfª ;d'bfo ljifos cGt{lqmof tyf lrofkfg sfo{qmd w'lnv]ndf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . tfdfª kqsf/ ;3+ sfes ]| f] cfofh]gf ePsf] sfoq{mddf sl]Gbo| cWoIf lji0f' dfQ]mfgn] :yfgLo ;/sf/n] tfdfª ;db'fosf] lxtsf nflu ;xsfo{ ug{ ;e'mfj lbPsf 5g\ . d08g bp]k/' gu/kflnsfsf kd|v' 6fs ] axfb/' jfOj{fn] ;db'fodf

/xs ] f ljljw hfthfltx?sf] pTyfgsf nflu :yfgLo ;/sf/n] ;fdflhs ljsf; cGtu{t sfoq{md ;dl]6Psf] atfPsf lyP . /fz ] L ufpkFflnsf cWoIf l8aL nfdf, dxfef/t ufpkFflnsf cWoIf sfG5fnfn lhDaf, gk]fn kqsf/ dxf;3+ sfe]| zfvfsf cWoIf dfl]t/fd ltdlN;gf, ;dfh;j]L zv+a4' nfdf, kqsf/x? lx/fdfg nfdf, cflbaf;L hghflt kqsf/ ;3+sf cWoIf lzlz/ bfË] nufotn] tfdfª ;db'fosf] lxtsf nflu ljleGg sfoq{mdx? ug'{ kg]{ atfPsf lyP . lhNnf cWoIf hutafg ansf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg sfo{qmd c~hnL tfdfªn] ;+rfng u/]sL lyO{g\ .

/ofn]df ;Ktfx ;DkGg /ofn]÷ >Ls[i0f k|0ffdL ;]jf ;ldtL sfe|], O{sfO{ ;ldtL /ofn] / h'gtf/ o"jfSnasf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfd ePsf] ;Ktfx 1fg dxfoq ut ljlzaf/ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . kgf}tL gu/kflnsf j8f g+ ! /ofn]sf] 8fF8f ufpFdf /fwfs[i0f dlGb/ agfpg] pb]Zon] ;Ktfxsf] cfof]hgf u/LPsf] :yflgo jf;L Clif/fd ;fksf]6fn] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\. ;fpg @% b]vL z'? ePsf] ;Ktfxdf # nfv %) xhf/ ?kof cfly{s ;+sng ePsf] / ;f] /sd dlGb/ agfpgsf] nfuL k|of]u u/Lg] ;Ktfx cfof]hs ;ldtLsf sf]ifWoIf ljgf]b ;fksf]6fn]

jtfP . ;Ktfx ;dfkgsf k|d'v cltyL !)* ulbklt dxf/fhn] ufpFdf k};fsf] nfuL dfq geP/ cfkm\gf] wd{ / ;+:s[lt hf]ufpgsf] nfuL klg o:tf sfo{qmdx?sf] cfof]hgf ;do ;dodf e}O{/xg' kg{] ;'emfa lbPsf lyP . ufpFdf o:tf sfo{qmdsf] cfo]hgfn] zflGt ;befj, / Psh'6 x'g ;xof]u ldNg] ePsfn] sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u/]sf]df cfof]hsnfO{ wGoafb lbPsf lyP . ;Ktfx ;dfkg sfo{qmdsf] ;efkltTk >Ls[if0f k|0fdL /ofn] O{sfO ;eklt x/L axfb'/ vqLsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

r08g]Lsf] 5fkdf a:g cgk'oQ ' m r08]gL d08g÷;fpg dlxgf uPsf] clj/n aiff{tsf sf/0f uPsf] klx/f]n] lj:yflkt ePsf kLl8t kl/jf/sf nflu /fxt ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} pQm :yfgdf e'u{ljb\sf] 6f]nL k'u]/ kLl8t kl/jf/sf] a;f]af;sf nflu a:g ldNg] ls gldNg] < hUufsf] cj:yf s:tf] 5 < cWoog ul/Psf] e'ue{lab\ k|sfz kf]v/]n atfP . pQm If]qdf gu/ k|d'v 6f]saxfb'/ jfO{af ;lxtsf] 6f]ln k'u]sf] 5 . 6f]nLn] e'uf]nsf] cj:yf / klx/f] kLl8tsf] kl5Nnf] cj:yf a'em\g e'ue{lab\ ;lxt k'u]sf] xf] . /f]6/L Sna

b/af/dfu{ / z:;q k|x/Ln] kLl8tx?nfO yk /fxt ;d]t lat/0f u/]sf] xf] . !* 3/ kl/jf/sf kLl8tnfO b}lgs pkef]u x'g] ;fdu|L k|bfg u/]sf] xf] . Osf] lxdfn ;:yfn] lkl8tnfO{ Ps nfvsf] ;xfotf u/]sf] 5 . k|flalws 6f]lnn] klx/f] uPsf] :yfgdf k'u]/ pQm 7fpF a:g s'g} kgL lx;fan] pko'Qm gePsf] / rf8f] cGoq ;g{ cg'/f]w u/]sf] 5 . kLl8tx? sf]lx k'/fg} :yfgdf, sf]lx :s'n / u'Dafdf al;/x]sf 5g\ . o; cl3 d08g b]pk'/ gu/kflnsf, lhNnf k|zf;g nufotsf :yfgaf6 /fxt pknAw u/fPsf] 5 .

O{§f e§fdf aflif{s Ps ca{sf] sf/f]jf/ dhb'/ sfo{/t 5g\ eg] aflif{s ! ca{sf] sf/f]jf/ O§f e§fdf x'g] u/]sf] cWoIf vfodnLn] atfP .

w'lnv]n÷sfe|] O§f pBf]u Aoj;foL ;+3sf] t]>f] aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef tyf bf]>f] clwa]zg w'lnv]ndf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . clwa]zgn] k'gM lht]Gb| vofdnLsf] cWoIftfdf gofF ;ldlt lgjf{lrt u/]sf] 5 . clwa] z gsf] pb\ 3 f6g s]lGb|o cWoIf dx]Gb|axfb'/ lrqsf/n] u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf af]Nb} cWoIf lrqsf/n] Aoj;foLx?n] pBf]u :yfkgf ubf{ AoQm u/]sf k|ltj4tfx? k'/f ug{' kg{] atfP . bIf hgzlQmsf] pTkfbg, k|jl[ wd}qL pBf]usf] Aoj:yfkg, afnd}qL pBf]u, zfl/l/s / jftfj/0f d}qL If]q agfO{ pBf]u ;+rfng ug{' kg{d] f hf]8 lbP . Tolt ubf{ ub{} klg :yfgLo, k|bz ] / s]Gb| ;/sf/n] pBf]u rnfpg] jftfj/0f gagfP /fi6« ;Dj[4 agfpg] cleofgdf pBf]uL Aoj;foLsf] ;xeflutf gx'g] pgn] atfP . g]kfn /fi6«sf] ;Dj[4sf nflu nufgL ul//x]sf pBf]uL Aoj;foLx?n] plrt nufgL / To;sf] ;+/If0f x'g' kg{] cWoIf lrqsf/n] atfP . sfo{qmddf d08g b]pk'/ gu/kflnsf k|d'v 6f]saxfb'/ jfO{jf, g]skfsf g]tf ;'o{dfg bf]Ë, ;xfos k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ls/0f yfkf, ;+3sf al/i7 pkfWoIf ljZj/fd sjfF, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf cWoIf df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf, sfe|] pBf]u afl0fHo ;+3sf cWoIf k|sfz dfgGw/, g]kfn /fli6«o oftfoft Joj;foL dxf;+3s 6«s l6«k/sf jlu{o ;+of]hs gljg k|hfklt, O§f Aoj;foL ;+3 eQmk'/sf cWoIf gfltefO{ x\of]Djf nufotn] O§f pBf]ux?n] k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfg / kf/]sf] c;/sf af/]df dGtAo /fv]sf lyP . lhNnf cWoIf lht]Gb| vfodnLsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf :jfut ;lrj cfzf/fd kmFfh'n] /fv]sf lyP . lhNnfdf @) j6f O§f e§f /x]sf 5g\ . h;df ^ xhf/

jif{ @$ c+s $# @)&% ebf} & ut] ljxLjf/

cfjZostf

k|sflzt ldlt M @)&%÷%÷% o; Hjfnfd'vL s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kgf}tL * -dNkL_ sf] nflu sd{rf/L cfjZostf ePsf] x'bF f OR5's JolQmx?n] ;"rgf k|sflzt ldltn] !% -kGw|_ lbg leqdf cfj]bg lbg'xf]nf . kb M Joj:yfks ;+Vof M ! of]Uotf M ±@ pQL0f{ jf -:gfts jf ;f] ;/x_ k]z ug{k' g{] sfuhftx? g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|ltlnlk, xfn;fn} lvlrPsf] kmf]6f], lgj]bg, z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkq, sfo{cg'ejsf] k|df0fkq, afof]8f6f . gf]6 M != sDKo'6/ ;DalGw /fd|f] bVvn ePsf] (Ms word, powerpoint, Excel, Internet) @= cg'ejLnfO{ ljz]if u|fXotf lbOg]5 . #= tna ;'ljwf ;+:yfsf] lgodfg';f/ . $= kmf/fd b:t'/ M ?= @)) .– dfq ;Dks{

Hjfnfd'vL s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kgf}tL–*, -dNkL_, kmf]g g+= )!!$$)%@$, (*$!)$)$@*, (*$(%&&*#^

cfjZostf k|sflzt ldlt M @)&%÷%÷&

o; ljBfnosf nflu lgDgfg';f/sf lzIfs cfjZos ePsf]n] OR5's of]Uotf k'u]sf pDd]bjf/x?af6 JolQmut ljj/0f / b'O{ k|lt kf;kf]6{ ;fOhsf] kmf]6f] ;fy} z}lIfs of]Uotf, rfl/lqs k|df0f–kq / gful/stfsf] k|df0f–kq k|ltlnkLx? / cg'ejsf] k|df0f–kqsf] k|ltlnkL ;lxt ;+nUg u/L b/vf:t cfJxfg ul/Psf] 5 .

#= ;]jf M s/f/ $= pd]/ M @! jif{ pd]/ k'/f eO{ $) jif{ ggf3]sf] %= Go"gtd zf}lIfs of]Uotf M;DalGwt ljifodf Go"gtd l4tLo >]0fLdf :gfQsf]Q/ ^= u|fxotf M cg'ejLnfO{ ljz]if u|fxotf lbO{g] 5 . &= b/vf:t lbg] clGtd ldlt M @)&% efb| !# ut] a'waf/ ljBfno ;do;Dd *= k/LIffsf] lsl;d M lnlvt,cGtjf{tf{ / sIff lzIf0f (= k/LIff b:t'/ M ?= !%))÷– !)= k/LIff / cGtjf{tf ldlt M ;Dks{ ldltsf] lbg hfgsf/L u/fOg] 5 . !!= ;Dks{ ldlt M @)&% efb| !$ ut] ljxLaf/ lbgsf] !! ah] lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf nflu ljbfsf lbg afx]s ljxfg !) ah] b]lv $ ah] ;Dd ljBfnodf jf df]jfOn g+= (*$!$*^(*@, (*$!@@##!@, (*%!!^%!(^ / (*%!!%$#)) df ;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf . k|wfgfWofks ;~hLjgL dfWolds ljBfno w'lnv]n–&, sfe]k| nf~rf]s

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

cfuf] em];]/==============================

gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ ^ df /x]sf] An' ;fO{g /f]8f 9'+uf pBf]u g]kfnL sf+u|];sf g]tf s'G;fË nfdf / afnd's'Gb clwsf/Lsf] xf] . qm;/df cfunfuL ePkl5 k|x/Ln] 5'§} cg';Gwfgsf nflu 6f]nL u7g u/]sf] lyof] . 6f]nLn] @)&% ;fn a}zfv ! ut] ljxfg /flt @ ah]sf] ;dodf ckl/lrt gsfawf/L *÷!) hgfsf] c1ft ;d'x k|j]z u/L k|Hjlnt kbfy{ k]6«f]n ;d]tsf] k|of]u u/L qm;/ pBf]udf /x]sf] $ j6f l6k/, ! j6f h]=l;=la=, ! j6f h]g]/]6/ / pBf]u glhs} vfgLdf /x]sf] @ j6f O:sfe]6/ ;d]t hnL k'0f{ ?kdf IftL ePsf], cGo $ cf]6f l6k/sf] l;;f km'6]sf] cj:yfdf /x]sf] lgZsif{ lgsfn]sf] lyof] . pQm 36gfaf6 sl/j tLg s/f]8 a/fa/sf] Iflt ePsf], qm;/ pBf]u cf;kf; %) ld6/ b]lv ! ;o %) ld6/ j/k/ ;8s 5]pdf af6f] cj/f]w ug]{ p2]Zon] @ j6f k|];/ s's/ ad /flvPsf] cj:yfdf km]nf k/L g]kfnL ;]gfn] ;f]lx lbg laxfg &=@% ah] ;'/lIft ;fy l8ikf]h u/]sf] lyof] . cufnfuL x'Fbf An' ;fO{g /f]8f 9'Ëf pBf]u k|f=ln leq :6fkm Sjf6/df lyP . To;sf k|f]kfO{6/ s'G;fË nfdf nufot !) hgf pBf]u k|f=ln=sf :6fkmx? @ jif{ cuf8L b]lv g} ;f]xL Sjf6/df a:b} cfPsf lyP . pBf]udf o; cufl8 cfunfuL nufotsf] s'g} 36gf 36]sf] lyPg . /f]8f 9"Ëf pBf]usf ;+rfns s'G;fª nfdf / ljZjf; sfsL{ x'g eg] cWoIf afnds'Gb clwsf/L x'g . @)^* ;fn b]lv pQm pBf]u ;+rfngdf /x]sf] 5 . pBf]u leq /fv]sf] h]=l;=la=df PSsf;L 9'ªufn] xfg]sf] cfjfh cfPkl5 :6fkmn] yfxf kfPsf lyP . s] ePsf] /x]5 elg pQ :yfgdf x]bf{ #÷$ hgfsf] ;d'xdf /x]sf d'vdf dfS; nufPsf ckl/lrt JolQx?n] h]=l;=la=df h'6sf] af]/fdf cfuf] ;NsfO{ kmfn]sf lyP . !%÷@) hgfsf] ;d'xn] Ps}k6s cGo l6k/ tyf d]lzg ;d]tdf cfunfuL u/]sf lyP . afFRg dg 5 eg] efu oxfF ad 5 eg]kl5 ;a} :6fkmx? efu]sf lyP .

k|sf08sf] ;+nUgtf

ut z'qmaf/ ;jf{]Rr cbfnt kl/;/af6} kqmfp k/]sf v8\uaxfb'/ ljZjsdf{ …k|sf08ÚnfO{ k|x/Ln] dfu] cg';f/sf Dofb cbfntn] pknAw u/fPsf] xf] . …o;cl3 klg lhNnfdf b'O{hgf pQm kf6L{sf kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o Pp6} ck/fwdf ;+nUg ePsf] cleof]udf kqmfp ul/Psf] 5Ú–lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no sfe|]sf k|x/L k|d'v P;kL /lj/fh v8\sfn] eg]–…pxfFx?sf] Dofb klg ;f]daf/ yKg'kg{] ePsfn] k|sf08nfO{ klg Pp6} Dofb leq ;dfof]hg ug{] u/L tLg lbgsf] dfq} dfluPsf] xf] .Ú bf]>f] k6s k'gM ;f]daf/ cbfntdf yk cg';Gwfgsf nflu tLg}hgf pkl:yt u/fPsf] lyof] . ljZjsdf{nfO{ lhNnfsf] gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ ^ rf}sL8fF8f l:yt s'G;fË nfdf nufotn] ;+rfng u/]sf] qm;/ pBf]udf ^)÷&) hgfsf] ckl/lrt gsfa nufPsf] ;d'xn] l6k/ / :sfe]6/ ;d]tdf cfuhgL u/L # s/f]8 a/fa/sf] Iflt k'¥ofPsf] / ;f]lx :yfgdf s's/ ad ;d]t km]nf kf/]sf] cleof]udf cg';Gwfgsf nflu kqmfp u/]sf] atfPsf] 5 . ljZjsdf{af6 a/fdb ePsf] 8fo/Ldf s'G;fËsf] qm;/ cfunfuLaf6 !) s/f]8 eGbf w]/} Iflt ePsf] pNn]v ul/Psf] k|x/Ln] d'r'Nsf tof/ u/]sf] 5 . qm;/ cfuhgL kl5 dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n] rf}sL 8fF8fdf gf/fafhL u/]sf] :yfgLox?n] atfPsf 5g\ . k|To]ssf] xftdf nf7L, v's'/L / emf]nfdf k]:tf]n ;d]t /fv]sf] k|ToIfbzL{n] atfPsf] k|x/Ln] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . & s/f]8 $^ nfv ha{hl:t rGbf c;'nLdf ;jf{]Rraf6 ;kmfO{ kfPsf k"j{dGqL Pj+ g]skf dfcf]jfbL ljKna ;d'xsf k|jQmf v8\u axfb'/ ljZjsdf{ …k|sf08Ú ;+ul7t ck/fwdf cg';Gwfgdf lx/f;tdf 5g\ . k|sf08sf] 8fo/L a/fdb u/]sf] k|x/Ln] ljleGg uf]Ko ;"rgfx? kQf nufPsf] 5 . k|sf08n] k|jQmfsf ?kdf kf6L{sf ;a} b:tfj]hx? /fv]sf lyP . 8fo/Ldf rGbf c;'nL, cfuhgL, tf]8kmf]8 tyf kf6L{n] ug{] e"ldut sfo{ 8fo/Ldf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . sfe|]sf] /f]zL ufpFkflnsfdf /x]sf] An' ;fO{g qm;/ pBf]udf u/]sf] cfuhgL tyf gofFufpFdf /x]sf] Pg;]n 6fj/ cfqmd0f, g'jfsf]6 tyf b]zsf ljleGg :yfgdf ePsf cfuhgL / ad cft+ssf 36gfdf k|sf08sf] ;+nUgtf /x]sf] k'li6 u/fpg] sfuhft k|x/Ln] tof/ u/]sf] 5 . ha{hl:t rGbf c;'nLdf kqmfp u/L ;jf{]Rr cbftnaf6 5f8\g] cfb]z ePkl5 xf}l;Psf eP klg k|x/Ln] ;f+ul7s ck/fwdf d'2f btf{ eP kl5 To;df klg l/6 btf{ ug{] tof/Ldf h'6]sf 5g\ . k|sf08nfO{ e]6\g w]/}h;f] kqsf/sf] cf]O{/f] nfu]sf] 5 . k"j{dGqL b]jaxfb'/ kf}8\ofn, al/i7 clwaQmf Ps/fh e08f/L, kqsf/ dxf;3sf s]lGb|o ;b:o hGdb]j h};L, If]Kof:q ;fKtflxs, ldld{/] Pkm Pd nufotaf6 e]6\g cfpg]x?sf] cf]O{/f] 5 . k|sf08n] e]6df /fhgLlts n8fO{ ePsfn] ljleGg d'2fdf cfkm'nfO{ km;fO{Psf] bfaL u/] . dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf ;b:o ;'lbk kf7sn] cfkm};Fu uf8Ldf /fv]/ cfof]udf aofgsf nflu nUb} ubf{ k|x/Ln] pgnfO{ kqmfp u/]sf] lyof] . cfof]usf kf7s;Fu pgn] 36gfnfO{ cGt/fli6«os/0f ug{ dfu u/]sf] atfP . pgnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ w'lnv]n cfO{k'u]sf sfg"g Aoj;foL Ps/fh e08f/Ln] cfkm'n] ;z:q åGådf ad ;lxt km]nf k/]sf 36gfdf ;d]t dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{sf] kIfdf d'2f n8]sf], s[i0f ;]g OR5'ssf] ax;df ;d]t ;xeflu ePsf] pbfx/0f lbb} aGbL k|ToIfLs/0fsf] ax;df ;d]t clGtddf ax; u/]sf] k|sf08nfO{ ;'gfP . k|sf08n] klxnf] k6s cfkm' ;jf{]Rr cbfnt k'u]sfn] ToxfFsf] cj:yf, sfg"g Aoj;foL / ;+rf/ dfWodx?sf] ;xof]unfO{ wGojfb AoQm u/] . sfg'g Aoj;foL e08f/Ln] ;Qfd} /x]sf bn lgs6 sfg'g Aoj;foLx?n] ;d]t k|sf08sf] kIfdf ax; u/]sf] eGb} gcflQg k|sf08 / cGo b'O{ kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:onfO{ cfZj:t agfP . k|sf08nfO{ bf]>f] k6s cbfntn] To;} 5fl8b]nf eGg] ljZjf; 5}g . sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf cbfntn] bf]>f] k6s ;d]t y'gfdf /fvL cg';Gwfg ug{ cfb]z lbPkl5 /fHon] cfkm'nfO{ /fhgLlts aGbL eGbf klg s}bL ;/xsf] Aojxf/ u/]sf] k|ltlqmof lbP . sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfaf6 5f8\g] cfb]z eP klg pgnfO{ g'jfsf]6 nufotsf lhNnfdf ePsf] cfqmd0fdf ;+nUg ePsf] eGb} d'2f btf{ ug{] tof/L ePsf] k|sf08n] atfP . cbfntdf Dofb yk ug{] ;dodf k|sf08fn] GofofwLz lbks v/]nnfO{ cfkm\gf] d'2f rfF8f] 6'Ëf] nufpg cg';GwfgnfO{ rfF8f] ;DkGg u/fpg k|x/LnfO{ yf]/} Dofb lbg cg'/f]w u/]sf lyP . ;+ul7t ck/fwdf ^) lbg ;Dd k|x/Ln] lx/f;td} /fv]/ cg';Gwfg ug{ kfpg] sfg"gL Aoj:yf 5 . g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{x? kqmfp k/]sf 36gfsf] d'2f d'ns ' L P]gs} k'/fgf] sfg'g cg';f/ x'g5 ] .

Pg;]nsf] cfqmd0fdf cem} km/f/

hGd M !(**.$.@

:juf{/f]x0fM :j= /fdsfhL Vjfvn jfb] >]i7

@)&%.$.@)

xfd|f cfTdLo ldq /d]zsfhL >]i7sf k"hgLo lktf /fdsfhL Vjfvn jfb] >]i7sf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgx?df xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

cfhfb dfWolds ljBfno

@)$# ;d"x, ag]kf, sfe|]

d'ns ' L P]g @)$( sf] bkmf !& -!_ adf]lhd cfuhfgL tyf b'/ ;+rf/ P]g s;'/ ck/fw;Fu ;DjlGwt d'2fdf cfly{s jif{ )&@÷)&# df sfe|k] nf~rf]s lhNnf ;fljs gofF ufFp b]pk'/ uf=la=;=jf8{ g=)# a:g] dfg axfb'/ tfdfªsf] 5f]/f aif{ #@ sf] rdf/ l;+ tfdfª, kgf}tL g=kf=!! a:g] wg axfb'/ >]i7sf] 5f]/f aif{ $# sf] Zofd >]i7, kfFrvfn g=kf=jf8{ g=)# a:g] 6]s axfb'/ sfdLsf] 5f]/f aif{ #& sf] nfn axfb'/ sfdL -la=s=_, kfFrvfn g=kf=jf8{ g=)^ a:g] la/ axfb'/ kl/of/sf] 5f]/f aif{ @& sf] /dg kl/of/, ;fnwf/f uf=la=;=jf8{ g+=)! a:g] dfg axfb'/ yf]s/sf] 5f]/L aif{ @% sL ;'GtnL yf]s/ -nfdf_ kqmfp k/]sf lyP eg] gofF ufFp b]pk'/ uf=la=;=jf8{ g= )& a:g] wg la/ tfdfªsf] 5f]/f aif{ $) sf] k|/] s nfdf eGg] b'uf{ l;+ nfdf km/f/ 5g\ . To:t} kf]v/L rf}/L uf=la=;=jf8{ g=)@ a:g] kbd k|;fb km'ofFnsf] 5f]/L aif{ $) sL klaqf km'ofFn, ;fDn]rfsn uf=la=;=jf8{ g=)^ a:g] aif{ #) sf /d]z g]kfnL, sf=k=lh=kgf}tL g=kf=!! a:g] aif{ $@ sf] gs'n kl/of/ cem} km/f/ 5g\ . u}/L la;f}gf b]pk'/ uf=la=;=jf8{ g=)( a|Dxfo0fL 6f]ndf /x]sf] Pg;]nsf] ljl6P; 6fj/ @)&#÷)@÷@( ut] cfqmd0f ePsf] lyof] . b'/;~rf/ ;]jf k|bfos sDkgL Pg;]n sDkgLsf] ljl6P; 6fj/df c1ft ;d'xn] jblgotk'as { tf]8kmf]8 u/L xfgL gf]S;fgL k'¥ofPsf] eGb} b'/;~rf/ P]g @)%# sf] bkmf $& -%_ adf]lhd s;'/ ePsf]n] sDkgLsf If]lqo O{sfO{ k|dv ' ;lra rGbn] hfx]/L lbPsf lyP . kqmfp k/]sf sfo{stf{x?n] s]lGb|o gLlt cg';f/ g} cfkm'x?n] Iflt k'¥ofPsf] atfPsf lyP . b'/;~rf/ ljl6P; 6fj/df h8fg ul/Psf] Ifltsf af/]df k|x/Ln] @)&# c;f/ @! ut] cbfntdf d'2f a'emfPsf] lyof] .

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

c6n kfFrs'08 art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=

jif{ @$ c+s $# @)&% ebf} & ut] ljxLjf/

lkk'N; art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= d'Vo sfof{noM ag]kf–!), ;]tf]kf6Lrf]s kmf]gM )!!–^*)@)*, ;]jf sfof{noM ag]kf–*, kmf]gM )!!–^^)**&, sfe|]

w'lnv]n—$, sfe|]knf~rf]ssf]

!@ cf}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DaGwL ;"rgf

aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef x'g] ;DalGw ;"rgf

pk/f]Qm ljifodf ldlt @)&%÷)#÷)( ut]sf lbg a;]sf] ;+rfns ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{o cg';f/ o; ;+:yfsf] afx|f}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef lgDg ldlt, :yfg / ;dodf x'g] ePsf] x'Fbf pQm ;efdf oxfFnflu clgjfo{ pkl:ytL x'g xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ . ;fy} ;Dk"0f{ z]o/ ;b:oHo"x?nfO{ ;efdf pkl:ytLsf nflu kq k7fO{ ;lsPsf] hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f},+ olb kq k|fKt gePdf o;} ;"rgfnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL ;fwf/0f ;efdf ;xeflu eO{ lbgx'g xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ .

o; ;+:yfsf] ldlt @)&% >fj0f )% ut] a;]sf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{o cg';f/ lgDg ldlt,;do / :yfgdf ;+:yfsf] bf]>f] aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef a:g] ePsf]n] clgjfo{ pkl:yltsf nflu cg'/f]w ul/G5 . ;fwf/0f ;ef sfo{qmd ldlt M @)&% efb| @# ut], zlgjf/. ;do M laxfg !!M)) ah]. :yfg M c/lgsf] kf6L{ Kofn];, ag]kf . 5nkmnsf ljifox?M != ;+:yfsf ;lrjsf] tkm{af6 k|:t't k|ult k|ltj]bg cg'df]bg ug]{ ;DaGwdf . @= ;+:yfsf sf]iffWoIfsf] cfly{s k|ltj]bg tyf n]vf k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg cg'df]bg ug]{ ;DaGwdf . #= n]vf ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg cg'df]bg ug]{ ;DaGwdf . $= cf=j= @)&%÷)&^ sf] jflif{s sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 cg'df]bg ug]{ ;DaGwdf . %= cf=j= @)&%÷)&^ sf] nflu n]vfk/LIfs lgo'lQm tyf kfl/>lds tf]Sg] ;DaGwdf . ^= gLltx? cg'df]bg ;DaGwdf .-cfly{s gLlt, lgjf{rg gLlt_ &= z]o/ nfef+z cg'df]bg ;DaGwdf . *= lg0f{o k'l:tsfdf x:tfIf/ ug{ k|ltlglw dgf]gog ug]{ ;DaGwdf . gf]6 M · gfd btf{ laxfg )(M)) ah] b]lv ;'? eO{ sfo{qmd ;dfKt 3f]if0ff geP ;Dd x'g]5 . pkl:yt ;b:ox?nfO{ kf/jxg jfkts/ sl§ kZrft ?= %)).))-?k}of kfFr;o dfq_ k|bfg ul/g] 5 . ;b:o :jod pkl:yt gePdf kf/jxg vr{ lbO{g] 5}g . · ;+:yfdf cfa4 eO{ z]o/, art tyf C0f sf/f]jf/ u/]sf s]lx ;b:ox?sf] lgoldt art / C0fsf] Aofh afFsL b]lvPsf]n] ;f] aSof}tf /sd dWo] lgoldt artsf] xsdf Go"gtd ^ dlxgf / C0fsf] Aofhsf] xsdf # dlxgf eGbf a9L afFsL x'g] z]o/ ;b:ox?nfO{ ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt x'Fbf kf/jxg jfktsf] /sd pknAw u/fO{g] 5}g . To;}n] cfufld @)&% efb| @) ut] ;Dd afFsL aSof}tf /sd ;+:yfdf hDdf ug'{ x'g cg'/f]w 5 . · ;fwf/0f ;efdf efu lng cfpg' x'g] z]o/ ;b:oHo"x?n] ;+:yfåf/f lat/0f ul/Psf] kl/ro—kq jf cfkm\gf] kf; a's clgjfo{ ?kdf lnP/ cfpg' kg{]5 . · ;fwf/0f ;ef cufj} k|ltj]bg cWoog ug{ OR5's z]o/ ;b:ox?n] ;+:yfdf ;Dks{ /fVg' x'g cg'/f]w 5 . ;lrj -lai0f' zdf{{_

5nkmnsf ljifox?M– != ;lrjsf] jflifs { ku|lt kl|tjb]g tyf cf=j= )&%÷)&^ sf] nflu gLlt tyf sfoq{md ;DaGwdf . @= jflif{s cfo–Aoo tyf sf]iffWoIfsf] k|ltj]bg ;DaGwdf . #= n]vf tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ;ldltsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg ;DaGwdf . $= cf=j= )&%÷)&^ sf] nflu cg'dflgt ah]6 ;DaGwdf . %= cf=j= )&$÷)&% sf] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg 5nkmn tyf cg'df]b ;DaGwdf . ^= cf=j= )&%÷)&^ sf] nflu n]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQm tyf kfl/>lds tf]Sg] ;DaGwdf . &= pk–;ldltx?sf] k|lta]bg kfl/t ;DaGwdf . *= afx|f+} jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef lg0f{o k|dfl0ft ug{ k|ltlglw rog ;DaGwdf . (= ;+:yfsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ cfGtl/s sfo{ljlwx? cg'df]bg ;DaGwdf . !)= kfl/>lds, a}7s eQf tyf ;]jf ;'lawf tf]Sg] ;DaGwdf . !!= ljlgod ;+;f]wg ;DaGwdf .

!@=ljljw .

sfo{qmd tflnsf

ldlt M @)&% efb| !^ ut], zlgaf/ pb\3f6g sfo{qmdM !!M#) – !M#) ah] :yfg M ag]kf kf6L{ e]Go", ag]kf–* -do"/ xn cuf8L_ vfhf / lrof M !M#) – @M)) ah] pkl:yt gfd btf{ M laxfg !)M)) ah] aGb;q sfo{qmd M @M)) – $M)) ah] gf]6M != ;+:yfn] pknAw u/fPsf] ;b:o klxrfg kmf/fd (Know Your Member) e/L ldlt @)&% efb| !) ut] leq ;+:yfdf a'emfO{;Sg' kg]{5 . @= ;fwf/0f ;efdf efu lng] ;b:o :jo+ ;+:yfn] ljt/0f u/]sf] kl/ro kq jf ;fwf/0f ;efsf] kq clgjfo{ ?kdf lnP/ cfpg' kg]{5 . #=;fwf/0f ;efdf ;b:o :jo+ pkl:yt x'g'kg]{5 . k|ltlglwnfO{ ;xefuL u/fOg] 5}g . $= ;fwf/0f ;efdf efu lng ;b:onfO{ ;fwf/0f ;ef z'Ns nfUg] 5}g . %= !)M)) ah] b]lv pb\3f6g ;q cjlwe/ gfd btf{{ ug'{x'g] z]o/ ;b:oHo"x?nfO{ cft]hft] oftfoft vr{ ljt/0f ul/g] 5 . ^= Ps cf=j= ;Dd lgis[o eO{ lgoldt art gug]{ ;b:ox?n] Psd'i7 /sd @)&% efb| !) ut];Dd hDdf ug'{x'g ;'lrt ul/G5 . cGoyf ;fwf/0f ;efdf pknAw u/fpg] cft]hft] oftfoft vr{ e"QmfgL ug]{÷gug]{ clwsf/ ;+:yfdf lglxt /xg] 5 . &= cf=j= )&$÷)&% ;fndf SEE plQ0f{ ug{' x'g] afn artstf{x?n] cfkm\gf] k|df0fkq ldlt @)&% efb| !) ut] leq ;+:yfdf pknAw u/fpg' xf]nf h; dWo]af6 pTs[i6 b'O{ hgfnfO{ ;fwf/0f ;efdf ;Ddfg ul/g] 5 . ?= !),))).– z]o/ /sd gk'us ] f ;b:ox?nfO{ o;} cf=j= leq ?= !),))).– a/fa/sf] z]o/ vl/b u/L lkk'N; lg/Gt/ art ug'x{ g' xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ . pQm of]hgf k"/f ug'x{ g' ] z]o/ ;b:ox?nfO{ lkk'N; /fxt nufot cGo sf]ifdf cfa4 u/fOg] 5 .

kjg /fh s0f{hLt ;lrj

g]kfn ;/sf/ /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f

s]lGb|o cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{ -lzIff_ lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{ -lzIff_ sfe|]knf~rf]s

sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfsf ;fd'bflos ljBfnox?nfO{ ljBfno k'glg{df{0f k|:tfj k]z ug{] ;DaGwL ;"rgf gk]fn ;/sf/, /fli6o« kg'lgd{f0{f kf|lws/0f, sG]bL|o cfofh ] gf sfofG{jog OsfO{ -lzIff_ af6 cf=j= @)&%÷)&^ df @ sf7],] # sf7]] / $ sf7]] ejg kf|Kt ePsfn]] cf=j= @)&#÷)&$ / )&$÷)&% df ejg kf|Kt u/L sfo;{DkGg gu/s ] f, Pl8aL tyf ef/tLo /fhbt'faf;af6 lgdf0{ffwLg tyf 5gf6}df k/s ] f ljBfnox? afxs ] sf es ' Dkaf6 ke | fljt ljBfnox?n] ejg lgdf0{fsf nflu tkl;n adfl]hdsf sfuhftx? ;n+Ug u/L ldlt @)&% efb| !^ ut] sfofn{o ;doleq o; OsfOd{f k:|tfj kz ] ugs { f nflu of] ;r"gf ks | flzt ul/Psf] 5 . tkl;n != ljBfno kg'lgd{f0{f sfol{jlw @)&# sf] cg;'r " L ! sf] k=|c= / lj=Jo=;=sf] cWoIfsf] x:tfIf/ ;lxtsf] ljBfno kg'lgdf0{f k:|tfj, @= ljJo;sf] o;} cfjleqdf ejg lgdf0{f sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ kl|ta4tf ;lxtsf] ofh]gf dfu ug]{ lg0fo{sf] kl|tlnlk, #= ;DalGwt ufpkFflnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf] l;kmfl/; kq, $= ljBfnosf] hUufsf] nfnkh'f{ jf efu] rng u/s ] f] cflwsfl/s sfuhkqsf ;fy} ejg lgdf0{f:yn af9L klx/fn]ufot sg'k}lg hfl]vd gePsf] xg'k'g5]{, %= ljBfnosf xfnsf ;a} ejg tyf zfr } fnosf] kmf6]f]

;jf/L ;fwg-df]6/;fO{sn_ lnnfd ljqmL ;DaGwL ;"rgf -k|yd k6s k|sflzt ldlt M @)&%.)%.)&_

gofF g]kfn n3'ljQ ljQLo ;+:yfdf /x]sf tkl;n adf]lhdsf k"/fgf ;jf/L ;fwfgx? -df]6/;fO{sn_ hxfF h] h:tf] ca:yfdf /x]sf 5g\ ;f]xL cj:yfdf uf]Ko l;naGbL b/efpkqsf] dfWodaf6 lnnfd ljlqm ul/g] ePsf]n] OR5's JolQm, kmd{ jf ;+3 ;+:yfaf6 ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] & -;ft_ lbg leq s]Gb|Lo sfof{no w'lnv]ndf cfO{k'Ug] u/L uf]Ko l;naGbL b/efp kq cfXjfg ul/Psf] 5 . ;"rgf k|sfzg ePsf] & -;ft_ sfo{ lbg leq k|fKt ePsf b/efpkqnfO{ dfq dfGotf lbO{g]5 . k|fKt b/efpkq pk/ clGtd lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ ;+:yfdf lglxt /xg]5 . tkl;n

gofF g]kfn n3'ljQ ljQLo ;+:yf ln= s]Gb|Lo sfof{no w'lnv]n, sfe|]knf~rf]s kmf]g g+= )!! $()^&!

>L zf/bf dfWolds ljBfno vfgLvf]nf uf=kf= ^, b]p/fnL, sfe|]

lzIfs cfjZostf k|ydk6s k|sflzt ldlt M @)&%.$.@( lh=k=|sf= lzIff ljsf; tyf ;dGjo OsfO{ sfek]|nf~rfs ] sf] ldlt @)&%.#.#! uts ] f] rnfgL g=+ @ sf] kq cg;'f/ o; ljBfnodf l/Qm xg' cfPsf] df=lj= tt[Lo b/aGbLdf vN'nf lj1fkg u/L s/f/ ;j]fdf kbkl"t{ ugk'{g]{ ePsfn]] tkl;n adfl]hdsf] ofU]otf k/'f ePsf] gful/sx?af6 lj1fkg ks | flzt ePsf] ldltaf6 !% lbg leq b/vf:t cfJxfg ul/G5 . tx M df=lj= lzIfs >]0fL M t[tLo ljifo M ul0ft, lj1fg jf cFu|]hL ;+Vof M ! cfjZos Go"gtd of]Uotf M dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 :gfts jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ tna :s]n M g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|rlnt tna :s]n adf]lhd pd]/ M !* jif{b]lv $) jif{ ggf3]sf] cfj]bg b:t'/ M !))).– 5gf}6 k|lqmof M lnlvt / cGt/jftf{ b/vf:t lbg] clGtd ldlt M -s/f/ ;"lrx?sf] nflu_ @)&%.$.@( b]lv @)&%.%.^ ut];Dd olb s/f/ ;'lrs[tjfnfsf] lgj]bg kg{ gcfPdf v'Nnf lj1fkgsf nflu @)&%.%.& ut]b]lv @)&%.%.!# ut];Dddf_ b/vf:t lbg] :yfg M ljBfno ;do M ljxfg M !)M))–$M)) ah] ;Dks{ ldlt M clGtd ldltsf] ef]lnkN6 k/LIff ldlt M ;Dks{ ldltdf to ul/g]5 b/vf:t;fy k]z ug{'kg{] cGo sfuhftx?M !_ g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq @_ z}lIfs of]Uotf ;DaGwL k|df0fkq #_ :yfoL cWofkg cg'dlt kq $_ lg/f]lutfsf] k|df0fkq ;Dks{ g+= M (&$!!)%$$) -k|=c=_ (^!!!#@*@^ -ljJo;_, (*%!!^(%)) -j8f cWoIf_ lzIfs 5gf}6 ;ldlt

jfh L f / c f s ;x lblnk zdf{

hLljsf]kfh{g, cfo–cfh{g / /f]huf/Lsf] vf]hL ;xsf/Laf6 u/f}+ hLjg wfGg ;lhnf] 5}g, dflg;x? cfkm\gf x/]s b}lgs ;d:ofx? ;dfwfgsf nflu laxfg b]lv a]n'sf ;Dd cg]s vfnsf kl/>d / ldx]gt x/]s lx;fjn] ul//x]sf x'G5g . x/]s dflg;sf cf cfkm\g} ;d:ofx? x'G5g pQm ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu laleGg pkfox? dflg;n] vf]lh/x]s} x'G5g . xfd|f] j/k/ ;lbof}+sfn b]lv dflg;x?n] k/Dk/fut ?kdf ljleGg k]zf tyf Joj;fox? ckgfO cfkm' / cfkm\gf] kl/jf/ kfln/x]sf 5g . s;}n] Ps k]6 kfNgsf nflu dfq hf]xf] ug{ ;s]sf] x'G5 eg] sf]lxn] cln ldx]gt u/]/ cfDbfgLsf ;|f]tx?nfO{ a[l4 ub}{ nu]sf] x'G5 . w]/} ;do b]lv dflg;x?n] d]nf, dhb'/L, gf]s/L, sflnu9, v]tL ls;fgL, l;sdL{, 8sdL{ cfbL h:tf k]zf u/]/ b}lgsL u'hf/f ul//x]sf 5g\ o;/L u'hf/f ub}{ cfkm\gf ;d:of ;dfwfg ub}{ cuf8L a9\g] cj:yfnfO{ g} lhljsf ug]{ eGb5f}+ . cyf{t Kflxn] b]lv cfkm'n] ub}{ cfPsf] sfo{df k/Dk/fut k]zf, cfkm\gf] ;:s[tL, k/Dk/f / /Llt l/jfhnfO{ gsf/fTds c;/ gkg]{ u/L cfDbfgLdf a[l4 tyf xfl;n u/]sf] kl/0ffd g} hLljsf]kfh{g xf] . o;n] hLjg hLpg ;xh / ;lhnf] agfpFb5 . gf]s/L, ljleGg k]zf tyf Joj;fo, pBd ljsf;, dhb'/L tyf v]tL ls;fgL u/L dflg;x?n] cfkm\gf] u'hf/f rnfO{/x]sf] x'G5 . of] kIf cfocfh{gsf If]q x'g . cfo cfh{g eg]sf] ;xsf/Ldf cfj4 z]o/ ;b:ox?n] cfkm';Fu ePsf] Ifdtf ;Lk_ nfO{ :yflgo :t/s} sRrf kbfy{ -;|f]t_ k|of]u u/L Aofj;flos ?kdf sfd ub}{ cfkm\gf] / 3/ kl/jf/sf] cfwf/e"t cfjZostf k'/f ug{ ;kmn eO cfDbfgLdf ;d]t a[l4 ug{;Sg' g} xf] . cfo cfh{g ug{sf nflu ;a} eGbf pko"{Qm kIf eg]sf] Joj;fo g} xf] . xfd|f z]o/ ;b:ox?sf b}lgs hLjgdf k|efj kfg{sf nflu ;xsf/Lx?n] s:tf] vfnsf] gLlt cjnDag ug]{ t eGg] of]hgf ;'? b]lv g} agfpg ;s]df :jo+ ;xsf/L ;+:yf tyf AolQm ÷ z]o/ ;b:onfO{ sfd ug{ ;d]t ;lhnf] x'G5 . cfocfh{g ug{ lsg cfjZos k5{ t eGg] laifox?nfO{ ;d]t Wofgdf /flv sfo{ ug{sf nflu To; kIfsf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs kIfsf laifox?nfO{ ;d]t ljZn]if0f ug'k{ b{5 . cfo cfh{g ;'? ug{sf nflu ;DjlGwt Joj;fo s:tf] xf] eGg] Vofn ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 :yfgLo:t/df sfd ubf{ Joj;fodf vkt x'g] sRrf kbfy{x? :yfgLo txaf6 pknAw x'G5g ls x'bg} g eGg] dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . w]/} 6f9faf6 sRrf kbfy{ NofO sfd u/]df Joj;fo bLuf] x'bg} g\ . pQm sRrf kbfy{df nfUg] nfutsf sf/0f / ljleGg ;dodf cfjZostf k/]sf a]nfdf pknAw gx'g] sf/0f klg ;d:of x'g hfG5 . To;}n] :yfgLo sRrf kbfy{sf] cWoog ug'k{ b{5 . cfocfh{gnfO{ cl3 a9fpg ;s]df ;DjlGwt kIfsf] d'gfkmfdf a[l4 x'g uO{ ;xsf/Lsf] C0fnfO{ ;fFjf tyf ls:tf r"Qmf ug{ ;lhnf] x'g] sf/0fn] ubf{klg o:tf kIfnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /flv sfo{ cufl8 a9fpg' kb{5 . o:tf] x'g uPdf Joj;fox? bLuf] ?kdf ;~rfngdf cfpg] ub{5 . Pp6f Joj;fo gfkmfdf cfPdf cGo Joj;fox? ;~rfng ug{sf nflu kxn ug{ cfF6 tyf xf};nf k|fKt x'G5 . /fd|f] ?kdf lhljsf]kfh{g tyf cfo cfh{gsf sfo{x? ug{ ;s]sf] v08df w]/} kIfdf o;n] ;sf/fTds ?kdf k|efj kfl//x]sf] x'G5 . Joj;fon] >def/df sld Nopg'sf ;fy} ;dosf] k"0f{ ?kdf ;bkof]u x'g] kIf klg ;Fu} hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . b}lgs hLjgdf cfOkg]{ cfly{s cfjZostfnfO{ k'/f ug{sf nflu / dflg;nfO{ :jfjnlDa agfpgsf nflu / :yfgLo:t/sf s]lx dflg;x?nfO{ ;d]t /f]huf/Lsf] cj:yf ;d]t l;h{gf x'g] s'/fdf lj:jf; ug{ ;lsG5 To;}n] cfkm\gf] lhljsf ug]{ kl/kfl6x?nfO{ clnslt ePklg cfw'lgstf tkm{ cl3 a9fpgsf nflu ;xsf/L If]qn] cfkm\gf z]o/ ;b:ox?nfO{ ;Lk tyf Ifdtf ljsf;sf sfo{x?nfO{ ;d]t plQs} dxTj lbg'kb{5 . cfocfh{gsf laifox?nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg s]lx k|s[ofx?sf] ;Fw} cjnDjg ug'{ kb{5 :yfgLo:t/df z]o/ ;b:ox?n] agfPsf] Joj;fosf] ;f]r cg';f/ pQm If]qdf ;'? ug{ nfluPsf] cfocfh{g tyf lhljsf]kfh{gsf If]qsf] ;Defjgx?nfO{ ulx/f] t/Lsfn] ljZn]if0f ul/ ;xsf/Ln] plrt ;Nnfx ;d]t k|bfg ug'{;Sg'kb{5 . ;dodf lbPsf] o:tf ;Nnfx tyf ;dGjosf/L e"ldsfn] cfkm\gf ;b:ox? 7"nf] hf]lvaf6 aRg ;Sb5g . olb ;Defjgf pko"{Qm nfu]df cfkm\gf sfo{ If]q leqsf z]o/ ;b:ox?nfO{ s'g lqmofsnfk s;/L ug]{ eGg] af/]df dfu ;+sng ub}{ cfjZos cfwf/e"t s'/fx?sf af/]df ;fdfGo hfgsf/L ;d]t u/fpg' ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] e"ldsf leq kb{5 . z]o/ ;b:on] ug{ nfu]sf sfo{x?sf] cfjZostf klxrfg ub}{ >f]tx?sf] ;d]t ljZn]if0f ub}{ ;DjlGwt If]qdf ;b:osf] cg'ejsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fO{ sfo{sf] yfngL ug'{kb{5 . w]/} ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?df s] sfd s;/L / s:tf] cfDbfgLsf lqmofsnfk ub}{ lhljsf]kfh{g cGt{ut z]o/ ;b:ox?nfO{ lj:jf; lbnfpg] eGg] laifosf] ;d]t cefj /x]sf] x'g ;S5 o;sf nflu g]kfndf ug{ ;lsg] laif]z u/L s[lif, pkef]Qmf, ax'p2]lZoo ;xsf/L nufot cGo laifout k|s[ltsf ;xsf/Lx?n] o:tf vfnsf lqmofsnfkx? ;~rfng ub}{ cufl8 a9fpg ;Sg] If]qx? x'g ;Sb5g h; cg';f/ s[lif tyf vfB k|zf]wg, wfg s'6\g], lk7f] lk:g], kfp/f]6L agfpg], pgL k|zf]wg, df5f df;' k|zf]wg tyf lalqm ljt/0f, g]kffnL sfuh agfpg] tyf 5fnf k|zf]wg h:tf laifo ;dfj]z u/fpg ;lsG5 . k|ToIf ?kdf alQsf] k|of] ub}{ cGo laleGg k|sf/sf cfocfh{g tyf Joj;fox? ;d]t ug{ ;lsg] x'G5 h; cg;f/ tf]/L lk:g], kmnkm'n lalqm tyf ;'sfpg] / Kofls+u ug]{, dgf]/Ghg ;DjlGw lqmofsnfkx?sf ;fy} df]afOn l6le dd{t tyf lalqmsf sfo{x?nfO{ k|fyldstf;fy z]o/ ;b:ox?nfO{ sfd ug{ ;xsf/L ;+:yfn] k|f]T;fxg ug{ ;Sg'kb{5 . k/Dk/fut ?kdf ub}{ cfO/x]sf k]zf tyf Joj;fonfO{ kl/dfhL{t u/L b}lgs ?kdf cfw'lglss/0f ub}{ cfDbfgLsf >f]tx? a[l4 ug'{ g} lhljsf]kfh{g xf] eGg ;lsG5 . lsgeg] dflg;x?n] k'/fg} ;+/rgf cg';f/ lhjg wfGgsf nflu s]lx ub}{ cfPsf x'G5g o;f] ubf{ clxn]sf] ablnbf] kl/l:ytL cg'?k gofF ;f]rsf ;fy gug]{ xf] eg] oxfF lhjg wfGg k|no g} x'G5 . To;}n] ;xsf/L If]q o:tf] km/flsnf] If]q xf] h;af6 ;a} vfnsf ;d:of o;}af6 xn x'G5 eGg] dfGotf ;a} lt/ 5 . lsgeg] ;xsf/Lsf lglZrt sfo{ If]qx? ls6fg ul/Psf] x'G5 . o; sfo{If]q leq l;ldt cfj4 z]o/ ;b:ox?n] cfkm\gf] g]t[Tj ;xsf/Ldf kfPsf x'G5g h;df z]o/ ;b:ox?sf] b'Mv ;'v, ;xof]u tyf ;b\efj h:tf laifo hf]l8Psf x'G5g . ;xsf/Ln] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts tyf jftfj/0fLo kIfx?;Fu hf]l8P/ sfd ug]{ sf/0f klg dflg;x? ;xsf/L k|ltsf] wf/0ff :ki6 x'G5 . Ps cfk;df dfof, ddtf tyf efOrf/fsf] ;DjGwsf sf/0f lj:jf; tyf e/f]zfdf ;xsf/Lx? l6s]sf x'G5g\ . ;xsf/Ln] cfkm\gf z]o/ ;b:ox?nfO{ plrt vfnsf ;Nnfxf ;'emfj ;lxt cfjZos k/]sf ;dodf cfly{s tyf cGo vfnsf ;xof]u u/]sf x'G5g . xfd|f ;dfhdf jf sfo{ If]q leq ;xsf/Lx?n] ug{ ;Sg] w]/} lqmofsnfkx? 5g yf/} ldx]gt, 1fg tyf wf/0ffsf sf/0f ;xsf/Ldf ePsf] /sdx?nfO{ ;lx cy{df kl/rfng ug{sf nflu l4ljwf k}bf u/]sf] 5 . ljb]zdf pkef]Qmf ;xsf/Lx?n] w]/} sfo{x? cufl8 a9fPsf 5g\ o:tf sfd ug{sf nflu g]kfndf pkef]Qmf ;xsf/L g} cfjZostf kb{5 eGg] cj:of xf]Og . ;Fw} em} art tyf C0fsf] sfo{x? dfq u/]/ Jofh c;"n ug]{ sfo{x?nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbb}df ;xsf/L ;+:yf ;~rfng ePsf] dflgb}g h'g ;xsf/L;Fusf] efjgf ufFl;g' kb{5 . l;4fGt hf]l8g' kb{5 . clg ;xsf/Lsf gLlt cg';f/ cufl8 a9\g sf]lz; ug'{ kb{5 . C0fsf] Aofh dfq c;"nL ug{sf nflu Aofh ltg{ ;Sg] cj:yf;Dd k'/\ofpg] s;/L xf] t < eGg] ;f]rfO{ k|To]s ;xsf/Lx?n] cj ;'? ug'{kb{5 . To;sf nflu cfocfh{g tyf /f]huf/L ;lxt lhpg] snfnfO{ cfw'lglss/0f ub}{ ljleGg k]zf tyf Joj;fox?nfO{ pTkfbgd"lv agfO{ k|To]s z]o/ ;b:ox?sf] Ifdtf, bIftf / cg'ejx?nfO{ ljZn]if0f ub}{ ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n] tYof+s ;lxt ;xsf/L ;xsf/L aLr k|ltikwf{df pqg] Ifdtf k|bz{g ug'{ kb{5 / cfkm\gf z]o/ ;b:ox?sf] cfly{s kIf /f]huf/Lsf] l;h{gf, cfocfh{gdf a[l4 tyf lhljsfnfO{ cfDbfgLdf ?kfGt/0f ug]{ of]hgf cl3 ;fb}{ ;d[4 ;xsf/L lgdf{0fsf nflu k|of; ug'{ klg cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] .

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

jif{ @$ c+s $# @)&% ebf} & ut] ljxLjf/

lznaGbL sf]6]zg cfx\jfg ;DaGwL ;"rgf ;ftf+} jflifs { ;fwf/0f ;efdf xg ' ] ;DaGwL ;r " gf o; ;+:yfsf] ldlt @)&%÷$÷@% ut] a;]sf] ;+rfns ;ldlt a}7ssf] lg0f{o cg';f/ tklznsf ldlt, :yfg / ;dodf lgDg ljifox? dfly 5nkmn u/L lg0f{o lng o; ;+:yfsf] ;ftf} jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef a:g] ePsf]n] tkfO{+sf] clgjfo{ pkl:yltsf] nflu xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5' .

5nkmnsf a'“bfx?M !_ cf=a= @)&$÷)&% sf] ;lrjsf] jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg kfl/t ug]{ ;DaGwdf . @_ cf=a= @)&$÷)&% sf] sf]iffWoIfsf] k|ltj]bg tyf cf=a= @)&%÷)&^ sf] nflu sfo{qmd tyf cg'dflgt ah]6 kfl/t ug]{ ;DaGwdf . #_ cf=a= @)&$÷)&% sf] n]vf tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ;ldltsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg kfl/t ug]{ ;DaGwdf $_ cf=a= @)&%÷)&^ sf] nflu n]vf k/LIfs lgo'QmL tyf kfl/>lds tf]Sg] ;DaGwdf . %_ ljlgod tyf lgtLx? ;+;f]wg k|:tfj pk/ 5nkmn tyf cg'df]bg ug]{ ;DaGwdf . ^_ lg0f{o k'l:tsfdf x:tfIf/ ug{ k|lglglw tf]Sg] ;DaGwdf . &_ lgjf{rg ;DaGwdf . *_ ljljw . tklznM M@)&% ;fn eb} @# ut] zlgaf/ . Mlaxfg *M)) b]lv !@M)) ah];Dd M sfo{no kl/;/, ag]kf lgjf{rg sfo{qmd tflnsf z'e laxfgL art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= sf] ;+rfns ;ldlt / n]vf tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ;ldlt lgjf{rg @)&% sf] sfo{qmd tflnsf lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5 . ldlt ;do :yfg

-k|yd k6s k|sflzt ldlt M @)&%.)%.)&_ o; a'8f]n ;fd'bflos art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= sf] nflu ag]kf / w'lnv]ndf gofF sfof{nosf] nflu b]xfo cg';f/sf] agfj6÷;hfj6;DaGwL sfo{x¿ ug'{kg]{ ePsf] x'Fbf O{R5's kmd{÷sDkgL tyf cfk"lt{stf{x¿nfO{ of] ;"rgf k|yd k6s k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] !) -bz_ lbgleq Eof6;lxtsf] b/efp ;lxt lznaGbL sf]6]zg k]z ug'{x'g of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . sfdsf] ljj/0fM qm=;+=

ljj/0f

!= ;fO{h–@))) ju{ km'6 /+u/f]ug, 6folnË, kf6]{zg, kmN; l;lnË, jfol/Ë, g]6jls{Ë, kmlg{r/ nufotsf sfdx¿ lznaGbL sf]6]zg cfx\jfg ;DaGwL yk hfgsf/LM !_ lznaGbL sf]6]zgsf] ;fydf clgjfo{ ?kdf btf{ k|df0fkq, gjLs/0f / s/ r'Qmfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk ;+nUg x'g'kg]{5 . @_ k|fKt sf]6]zgx¿dWo] s'g} klg b//]6 ahf/ b/ cg';f/ kg{ gcfPdf /4 u/L k'gM k|lqmof cuf8L a9fpg] clwsf/ ;+:yfdf lglxt /xg]5 . #_ b/efpdf Eof6 tyf s/ clgjfo{ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] x'g'kg]{5 . :jLs[t b//]6df lgodfg';f/sf] s/s§L u/L e'QmfgL lbOg]5 . $_ pNn]lvt ljifox¿ pNn]v gu/L Pj+ sfuhft ;+nUg gu/L jf Dofb gf3L k]z x'g cfPsf sf]6]zg pk/ s'g} sf/jfxL cuf8L a9fOg] 5}g . %_ sf]6]zg ldlt @)&% ;fn efb| !* ut]sf lbg lbpF;f] #M)) ah] ;+:yfsf] d'Vo sfof{nodf ;DalGwt kmd{÷sDkgL, cfk"lt{stf{x¿sf] /f]xj/df vf]lng]5 . t/ tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ;DalGwt kmd{÷sDkgL, cfk"lt{stf{x¿ jf lghn] tf]sL k7fOPsf k|ltlglwx¿ pkl:yt gePdf klg lznaGbL sf]6]zg vf]Ng s'g} jfwf x'g] 5}g . ^_ yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu ;+:yfsf] d'Vo sfof{nodf ;Dks{ /fVg'x'g' cg'/f]w 5 .

ag]kf g=kf=^, a'8f]n, sfe]|knf~rf]s, kmf]g g+= M )!!–^^)%^$, )!!–^^@#^$ email: info@busa.org.np, www.busa.org.np

ç zflGt ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=

r}tGo ax'd'vL SofDk;

ag]kf–&, t/sf/Lahf/

jg]kf, sfe|] -lzIffzf:q tyf Joj:yfkg ;+sfo_

;fwf/0f ;ef ;DaGwL ;"rgf

sd{rf/L cfjZostf k|ydk6s k|sflzt ldlt M @)&%.%.&

o; r}tGo jx'd'vL SofDk;sf] nflu tkl;nsf kbdf sd{rf/L cfjZos ePsf]n] of]Uotf k'u]sf O{R5's g]kfnL gful/sx?jf6 tf]lsPsf] ldlt @)&% efb| @! ut] leq SofDk; sfof{no -ljxfg ^M)) jh]b]lv !)M)) jh]_ ;dodf b/vf:t cfjXjfg ul/G5 .

tkl;n != kb M k/LIff tyf n]vf k|d'v cfjZos ;+Vof M ! -Ps_ of]Uotf M :gfts cfjZos ;Lk M sDKo\'6/ ;Lk -Go"gtd g]kfnL 6fOlkª, Excel / Accounting Software Tally af6 n]vf / k/LIff ;DjGwL sfd ug{ ;Sg]_ ;]jfsf] k|s[lt M s/f/ pd]/ M !* jif{ k'/f ePsf 5gf}6 k/LIff M k|of]ufTds tyf cGtjf{tf{ k|of]ufTds k/LIff ldlt M @)&% efb| @@ ut] ljxfg *M#) jh] b/vf:t b:t'/ M ?=%)) .– tnj ;'ljwf M SofDk;sf] lgodfg';f/ k|fyldstf M :yfgLo tyf cg'ejLnfO{ ljz]if u|fxotf k|bfg ul/g]5 . @=kb M k/LIff tyf n]vf ;xfos cfjZos ;+Vof M ! -Ps_ of]Uotf M ±@÷k|df0fkq tx pQL0f{ cfjZos ;Lk M sDKo\6' / ;Lk -Go"gtd g]kfnL 6fOlkª, Excel / Accounting Software Tally af6 k|zf;lgs sfo{, n]vf / k/LIff ;DjGwL sfd ug{ ;Sg]_ ;]jfsf] k|sl[ t M s/f/ pd]/ M !* jif{ k'/f ePsf 5gf}6 k/LIff M k|of]ufTds tyf cGtjf{tf{ k|of]ufTds k/LIff ldlt M @)&% efb| @@ ut] ljxfg *M#) jh] b/vf:t b:t'/ M ?=$)) .– tnj ;'ljwf M SofDk;sf] lgodfg';f/ k|fyldstf M :yfgLo tyf cg'ejLnfO{ ljz]if u|fxotf k|bfg ul/g]5 .

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Banepa

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cfbz{ cfly{s lasf; art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, ag]kf–*, sfe|] gjf}+ aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DaGwL ;'rgf o; ;+:yfsf] ldlt @)&%÷)$÷@^ ut] zlgaf/sf lbg a;]sf] ;+rfns ;ldltsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ tklznsf] ldlt,:yfg / ;dodf lgDg ljifo x? dfly 5nkmn ul/ lg0f{o lng o; ;+:yfsf] gjf}+ ;fwf/0f ;ef x'g] ePsf]n] ;Dk'0f{ z]o/ ;b:o dxfg'efj tyf z'e–lrGts x?nfO{ pkl:yltsf nflu ljgd| cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ .

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5nkmnsf a'bfx? !_ ;+rfns ;ldltsf] tkm{af6 cf j @)&$÷)&% sf] k|ult k|ltj]bg tyf )&%÷&^ sf] efjL sfo{qmd k|:t't tyf cg'df]bg ;DaGwdf . @_ cf=j )&$÷)&% sf] n]vfkl/If0f k|ltj]bg k|:t't tyf cg'df]bg ;DaGwdf . #_ cf=j )&%÷)&^ sf] nflu n]vfkl/Ifs lgo'lQm tyf kfl/>lds tf]Sg] ;DaGwdf . $_ ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{o k'l:tsfdf x:tfIf/ ug{] k|ltlglw lgo'lQm ;DaGwdf . %_ lgjf{rg ;DaGwdf . ^_ ljlgod ;+;f]wg ;DaGwdf . &_ ljljw . sfo{qmd ldlt – @)&% c;f]h )^ ut] zlgjf/ :yfg – ag]kf gu/kflnsf ejg ;do – lbgsf] !!M)) ah] hnkfg –lbgsf] !M)) b]lv !M#) ;Dd ;b:onfO{ hfgsf/L !_ zlgjf/sf] ;do l7s !!M)) ah]b]lv gfd btf{ ug{] ;b:onfO{ cfjt hfjt vr{ afkt ? $))÷– k|bfg u/L ;f] /sddf nfUg] !%Ü s/ s§Lu/L ? #$) k|bfg ul/g] 5 . @_ ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt x'g] z]o/ ;b:on] ;+:yfaf6 ljt/0f ul/Psf] cfdGq0f kqsf] cw{s§L ;fydf lnO{ cfpg' kg{] 5 . #_ ;fwf/0f ;efdf :jod\ pkl:yt x'g'kg{] 5 / k|ltlglwnfO{ ;xefuL u/fO{g] 5}g . ;fy;fy} afnartstf{ nfO{ oftfoft vr{ k|bfg ul/g] 5}g . $_ dflysf lzif{s jf ljljwsf] k|:tfjdf 5nkmn ug{] OR5's z]o/ ;b:on] ldlt @)&$÷)%÷#) ut] ;Dddf ;:yfsf] sfof{nodf lnlvt ?kdf k|:tfj btf{ ug'{x'g cg'/f]w ul/G5 . %_ rfn' cf=j df lgoldt art gu/]sf] ;b:onfO{ ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt u/fO{g] 5}g .ct art ug{] afFsL ;b:on] @)&%÷)%÷@) ;Dddf clgjfo{ art ug'{xf]nf . ;lrj /fh]Gb| l3ld/]

;Dks{

o; cfbz{ cfly{s ljsf; ;fsf];sf] ;+rfns ;ldlt / n]vf tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ;ldltsf] lgjf{rg @)&% sf] sfof{tflnsf lgDg cg';f/ /x]sf] 5 . cg';'rL ! lgjf{rg sfo{qmd -lgb]{lzsfsf] bkmf $ ;+u ;DalGwt_

df]8]n art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]kf, sfe|]sf]

lzlj/ x'g] ;DaGwL h?/L ;"rgf

Hof]lt ldld{/] ;fd"lxs art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kgf}tL ^, sfe|] ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt x'g] ;DaGwL ;"rgf o; ;+:yfsf] !( cf}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef tkl;ndf pNn]lvt ldlt, ;do / :yfgdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgf dfkm{t hfgsf/L ul/G5 . o; ;DalGwsf] kq ;+:yfdf cfj4 ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox?sf] 3/ 7]ufgfdf k7fO ;lsPsf] 5, s'g} sf/0fj; kq gk'u]sf] eP o;} ;"rgfnfO{ cfwf/dfgL ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt e} lbg' x'g xflb{s cg'/f]w ul/G5 . ;fwf/0f ;ef sfo{qmd ldlt M @)&% ;fn efb| ( ut] zlgaf/ :yfg M tfd|fsf/ kf6L{ e]Go", Hofnflr6L, kgf}tL–$, sfe]| ;do M ljxfg l7s (M)) ah] b]lv 5nkmnsf ljifox? M – ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{o k|dfl0ft ug]{ k|ltlglw 5gf}6 ;DaGwdf . – ;+:yfsf ;lrjsf] / sf]iffWoIfsf] k|ltj]bg k|:t't 5nkmn / kfl/t ;DaGwdf . – n]vf tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg k|:t't 5nkmn tyf kfl/t ;DaGwdf . – cf=j @)&$÷)&% sf] nv ] f k/LIf0f kl|tjb]g k:|tt' 5nkmn / kfl/t ;DaGwdf . – cf=j @)&%÷)&^ sf] nflu nv ] f k/LIfssf] lgol'Qm tyf kfl/>lds ;DaGwdf . – gLlt tyf sfo{ljlw ;+zf]wg Pj+ kfl/t ;DaGwdf . .– ljlgod ;+;f]wg ;DaGwdf . – ;+:yf Plss/0f ;DaGwdf . – ljljw . k'gZr M -;fwf/0f ;efdf :jo+ pkl:yt x'g] ;b:ox?nfO{ ?= @)). -s/ afx]s_ vfhf vr{ afkt gub} pknAw u/fOg]5 . vfhf vr{sf nflu ;+:yfn] hf/L u/]sf] kl/ro kq jf kf;a's ;fydf Nofpg' clgjfo{ 5 ._ gf]6 M nuftf/ ^ dlxgf eGbf a9L ;do b]lv lgoldt art gug]{ ;b:onfO{ vfhf vr{ pknAw u/fOg] 5}g\ . To;}n] ;fwf/0f ;ef cufj} cfkm\gf] lgoldt art lgoldt ug'{ x'g o;} ;'rgf4f/f cjut u/fOG5 . ;fy} pQm lbg ;b:o aGg rfxg] dxfg'efjx?nfO{ k|j]z z'Ns 5'6 ul/Psf] 5 . ;b:o aGg cfpFbf # k|lt kmf]6f] / ! k|lt gful/stfsf] kmf]6f]slk ;fydf lnP/ cfpg cg'/f]w ul/G5 . bLksk|;fb bfxfn

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M lzlj/ sfoq { md tf{ z'Ns f q b ldlt M @)&% efb| ( ut] zlgjf/ d ?= #)).– ;do M ljxfg * ahb]l]v @ ah;]Dd :yfg M sfofn{o kf|Ë0f cufl8, agk]f ufb]fdrfs ]

df]8]n art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]kf–&, sfe|], kmf]g g+= )!!–^^)*^^

t]hu+uf ax'dv ' L SoFDk;

kgf}tL, sfe|k] nf~rf]s pRr lzIffsf] If]qdf cu|0fL :yfg cf]u6\g ;kmn kgf}tL–*, l:yt t]hu+uf ax'dv ' L SofDk;df z}lIfs ;q @)&%÷)&^ sf] nflu :gfts tx k|yd jif{df

gof“ egf{ v'Nof]

;+rflnt sfo{qmd 4 Years B.B.S. - English & Nepali Medium 4 Years B.Ed. - English, Nepali, Maths Population 4 Years B.A. - Sociology & Rural Development

kmf]g g+= )!!–$$))@*, $$!$&& Email: tmcpanauti@gmail.com

lgjf{rg ;+of]hs afns[i0f >]i7

t" cfjZostf o; a|f08]8 lkmS; k|fO; k;nsf nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf sd{rf/Lx? cfjZos ePsf] x'Fbf OR5's JolQmx?n] t"–;Dks{ ug{'x'g cg'/f]w ul/G5 . sd{rf/L ;+Vof M $ -dlxnf dfq_ tna M ?= %))) .– vfhfsf] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . ;do M ljxfg (M)) ah]b]lv a]n'sL ^M)) ah];Dd ;Dks{

df]=g+= (*%!)!!%*&, (*$!(*@#%!

uf8L;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ ;fdfgx? ca Pp6} 5fgfd'lg PS;fO8 Jof6«L, 6f6f sDkgLsf] :k]o;{ kf6{;x? / MAK n'la|sG] 6 nufotsf uf8L ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ ;fdfgx? xf]n;]n tyf v'bf| d"Nodf kfOG5 . cflwsfl/s ljqm]tf

df“ r08]Zj/L c6f] :k]o;{, ag]kf, tLgbf]af6f], sfe|] kmf]g g+= )!!–^^!*()

r]i6f ;fKtflxs k|sfzgsf nflu k|sfzs.;Dkfbs M czf]s Jof~h", sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbs M df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf, sfof{no M ag]kf !), sfe|], kmf]g g+= )!!^^@$($ email: cheshtaweekly@yahoo.com/website: www.cheshtaweekly.com.np, d'b|0f M ;Gtf]if lk|lG6ª k|];, ag]kf, sfe|]