Y25(issue_32)

x'=b=g+=)#.)%(.)^), sf=k=lh=b=g+= )!.)%).)%!, sfe|]

If]qLo :t/sf] ‘s’ >]0fLsf] ;fKtflxs

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o;/L ePsf] lyof] lkr ;8s ljqmL w'lnv]n÷w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ $ c/lgsf] /fhdfu{ ;Fu} /x]sf] sf7df8f} ljZjljBfno dfu{sf] ;8ssf] # cfgf hUuf ljqmL k|s/0fdf dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|] / w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf sd{rf/Lsf] ;+nUgtf b]lvPsf] 5 . sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;+nUgtf / hUuf wgL d}of ;fsL{sf] nf]esf sf/0f ;8s nuftf/ ljqmL eO{/x]sf] lyof] .

sf7df8f} ljZjljBfno rf]s c/lgsf] /fhdfu{ @* lsnf] b]lv $ ;o @% ld6/ ;Dd em08} ^) lsQf hldg ;8sdf k5{ . ;8sdf k/]sf] hldg c? lsQf wgLx?n] ljqmL u/]sf 5}gg\ . d}of ;fsL{n] dfq} lsg ljqmL ul/g\ < k|x/L cg';Gwfg To;tkm{ ;f] l emPsf] 5 . gu/kflnsfsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ hUuf af6f]d} kg{] yfxf x'bFf x'b} lsg hUufn] af6f] 5'G5 t/ af6f]df hUuf kb{}g eg]/ l;kmfl/; ul/lbP < afs F L ^ kh ] df

kg'lgd{f0{fdf ca ylkbg} Dofb

nfeuf|xL yKg eGbf x6fpg hf8] w' l nv] n ÷e' s Dk kl5sf] k'glg{df{0fdf lghL cfjf; ;DjGwL lhNnf :t/Lo cGt{lqmof sfo{qmd g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;3 sfe|] zfvfsf] cfof]hgf tyf /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{ sfe|]sf] ;xof] u df ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . e"ldxLg nfeu|flxsf ljifodf g]kfn ;/sf/n] u/]sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ nfeu|flxsf]

;"rLdf k/]sf e"ldxLg e'sDk kLl8tx?n] :yfgfGt/0f x'g grfx]df k/Dk/fb]vL ef]u ub{} cfPsf] ;fljssf] 38]/L hUufdf g} lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f ug{ rfx]sf] cj;/df /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fsf] sfd sf/jfxLdf ;dGjo ug{ ul7t lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] a}7sn] ^$ hgf e"ldxLg nfeu|flxx?nfO{ ;fljss} :yfgdf k'glg{df{0f ug{ afFsL ^ k]hdf

c6]/L qm;/ / vfgL pBf]u w'lnv]n÷a]yfGrf]s ufpFkflnsf j8f gDj/ $ df /x]sf] 9'+Ëf vfgLdf uPsf] klx/f]n] glhs}sf] ;fd'bflos jgnfO{ c;/ k'¥ofPsf] 5 . s]lx ;do kl5 pQm klx/f]n] glhs}sf] al:tdf ;d]t k|efljt kfg{]5 . ufpFkflnsfn] pQm 9'ËfvfgL nufot ufpFkflnsf leq /x]sf cfwf bh{g pBf]ux? ;+rfngsf nflu cg'dlt lbPsf]

5 . ufpFkflnsf, ;fljssf] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no, vfgL tyf e"–ue{ ljefu dfkm{t cg'dlt NofPsf pBf]ux?n] dfkb08 k'/f gubf{ al:t hf]lvddf kg{ yfn]sf x'g\ . b'3{6gfdf k/]/ lgwg ePsf l8cfO{hLsf] ;d]t nufgL /x]sf] rnfn u0f]z:yfgsf] pQm pBf]udf /flt klx/f] uPsf] lyof] . …lbpF;f] klx/f] uPsf] eP ;fob 7'nf] Iflt afFsL @ k]hdf

sfe|] df=lj= ag]kf a'8f]ndf sIff !! sf] z}=;= @)&^ df ;+rflnt sfo{qmdx?

Science 4Physics 4Chemistry 4 Biology 4Maths 4Computer Science

sfg"g 4sfg"gsf ;fdfGo l;4fGt 4sfg"gsf] d:of}bf k|s[of 4;+j}wflgs sfg"g 4b]jfgL sfg"g 4g]kfnsf] Gofo k|0ffnL 4sfo{ljlw sfg"g

Joj:yfkg 4 n]vf 4 Joj;fo cWoog 4 xf]6n Joj:yfkg 4 cy{zf:q 4 sDKo'6/ lj1fg

dfgljsL 4;dfhzf:q 4cfd ;~rf/ tyf kqsfl/tf 4cy{zf:q 4u|fdL0f ljsf; 4dgf]lj1fg 4/fhgLlt zf:q 4bz{g zf:q

sfe|] dfWolds ljBfno ag]kf, a'8f]n xfO6, kmf]g g+ M ^^@)#*

w'lnv]ndf afnd}qL j8f w'lnv]n÷w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] klxnf] j8f gDj/ !) nfO{ afnd}qL j8f 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] 5 . dlxnf afnaflnsf tyf h]i7 gful/s dGqL yddfof yfkf du/n] gu/kflnsfsf] pQm j8fnfO{ afnd}qL j8f 3f]if0ff u/]sL x'g\ . lhNnfsf] bf]>f] / k|b]zsf] t]>f] afnd}qL j8fsf ?kdf w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf j8f gDj/ !) nfO{ 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] xf] . afnaflnsf ;DjGwL

ljleGg a'Fbfx?sf ;fy} #( a'Fb] dfkb08 k"/f u/]kl5 afnd}qL j8f 3f]if0ff ug{ ldN5 . dGqL yfkf du/n] l;Ëf] d'nsnfO{ g} afnd}qL 3f]fif0ff ug{ :yfgLo ;/sf/x?nfO{ cg'/f]w u/]sf] atfO{g\ . :yfgLo ;/sf/, k|b]z x'Fb} g]kfn /fi6«nfO{ afnd}qL 3f]fif0ff ul/g] pgn] atfO{g\ . …;/sf/n] h]i7 gful/s, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfx?sf] xsdf ljz]if ;'ljwf / Aoj:yf u/]sf] 5Ú–pgn] elgg–…pkrf/, ;]jf tyf ;+/If0fsf nflu ;/sf/n] afFsL @ k]hdf

vfgLvfn]f ufpk“flnsfsf ‘bO'{ jif’{ <df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf vfgLvf]nf, tfN9'·f :yfgLo txdf lgjf{rg ePsf] b'O{ jif{ k"/f ePsf] 5 . vfgLvf]nf ufpFkflnsfn] cefj g} cefjsf aLr gful/sx?sf] ;] j fnfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstfdf /fv]sf] 5 . sd{rf/L, k"jf{wf/ tyf cGo Aoj:yfksLo cefjdf vfgLvf]nf ufpFkflnsfn] gful/s ;Gt'i6 x'g] u/L sfo{ u/]sf] k|ltlqmof lbPsf 5g\ . …aGb x'g] cj:yfdf /x]sf ljBfnox?nfO{ aflif{s ah] 6 Aoj:yfkg u/L lzIffdf u'0f:t/Lotfsf nflu cleofg z'? ul/Psf] 5Ú–vfgLvf]nf ufpFkflnsf cWoIf s[i0faxfb'/ v'nfnn] eg]–…ufpFkflnsfsf gfddf a]?h' b]lvP klg ljBfno aGb x'g lbO{Psf] 5}g .Ú e' s Dkaf6 elTsPsf ljBfnox? k'glg{df{0f z'? ul/Psf] 5 . ufpFkflnsfnfO{ k"0f{ ;fIf/, v'Nnf lbzfd'Qm 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] 5 . e'sDk kLl8tx?nfO{ 3/3/ ;f]nf/ ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . () k|ltzt kLl8tx?n] cg'bfg k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . ;+ r f/af6 6f9f /x] s f] ufpFkflnsfsf ;a} gful/sx?n] g]kfn 6]lnsdsf ;a} ;'ljwf pkef]u ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . 6]lnsdsf] 6fj/ lgdf{0f kl5 Od]n OG6/g]6nfO{ ;xh ePsf] 5 eg] /fli6«o ljB't ;]jfsf nflu () s/f]8sf] ah]6 ljlgof]hg eO{;s]sf] 5 . To;sf] kxn vfgLvf]nf / dxfef/t ufpFkflnsf b'j}n] lg/Gt/ ul//x]sf lyP . x]N6f/–tfN9['Ëf y|L km]hsf] nfO{g lj:tf/ ePsf] 5 . cfufdL bz}+;Dd /fli6«o k|;f/0f nfO{gsf] ljh'nL afNg] u/L sfo{ z'? ePsf] 5 .

ufpFkflnsfsf] ejg lgdf{0fsf nflu hUuf Aoj:yfkg ePsf] 5 eg] tfN9'Ëf c:ktfnnfO{ hUuf pknAw ePsf] 5 . :yfgLo sdn a~hf/fn] cfkm\gf] gfddf ePsf] hUuf c:ktfnnfO{ pknAw u/fPsf x'g\ . c:ktfn lgdf{0fsf] k|s[of z'? ePsf] 5 . !% z}ofsf] c:ktfn rfn' jif{ b]lv g} lgdf{0f z'?

lgdf{0f sfo{ eO{/x]sf] 5 . ut cfly{s jif{df dfq} $( lsdL ;8s lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . % s/f]8 #) nfv ut jif{ ;8sdf vr{ ePsf] 5 eg] %! j6f ;8s :t/f]GgtL ul/Psf] k|jQmf dfgaxfb'/ uf]n]n] hfgsf/L lbP . ;8snfO{ cfocfh{ g sf] dfWod agfpg slkm v]lt z'? ul/Psf] 5 .

¨c:ktfn lgdf{0f z'?, bz}+af6 emndNn ufpF ¨ ;+rf/ / PDa'n]; ;]jf ¨cf}ifwL 5, :jfYosdL{ 5}gg\ ¨#! b/jGbLdf rf/ sd{rf/L ¨$( lsdL gofF ;8s, %! j6f :t/f]GgtL ¨s[lifdf cfw'lglss/0f, kz'df gZn ;'wf/ ¨cfo–cfh{g k|fyldstfdf ¨ aflif{s # s/f]8sf] slkm lgof{t ePsf] 5 . ufpFkflnsf cWoIf v'nfnn] 8''d|] klx/f] vx/] lgoGq0f sfo{ z'? ePsf] atfP . afnaflnsf / dlxnfx?sf] :jf:Yo sfo{qmd z'? ePsf] 5 . ;a} j8fdf ;'ljwfo'Qm ;]jf k|bfgsf nflu j8fx?df ejg lgdf{0f, ;'Ts]/L u/fpg aly{Ë ;]G6/ / PDa'n]G; vl/b ul/Psf] cWoIf v'nfnn] atfP . s[lifnfO{ cfw'lgsLs/0f ub{} n}hfg l;+rfO{ sfo{qmd z'? ul/Psf] 5 eg] kz'df gZn ;'wf/ ul/Psf] 5 . jg jftfj/0f hf]ufpg ljz]if sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] 5 . ;a} j8fdf ;8s ;~hfn hf]8\g] u/L lt|a ultdf

# s/f]8sf] aflif{s slkm ljqmL x'g yfn]sf] k| j Qmf uf] n ] n ] hfgsf/L lbP . vf]kf;L tfN9'+uf sd{}of ;8snfO{ ;b/d'sfd hf]8\g] u/L nuftf/ lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? ul/Psf] 5 . RofN6L kmnfd]6f/ dxfb]j6f/ v08sf] lgdf{0f tyf t/fO{ hf]8\g] b|'t ultsf] ;8s agfpg lg/Gt/ sfo{ eO{/x]sf] 5 . kgf}tLaf6 $! lsdL 6f9f

/x]sf] led;]g:yfgnfO{ cfsif{s ko{6sLo :yn agfpg ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] sfo{ z'? ePsf] 5 . wfld{s lx;fan] klg pQm If]qnfO{ lxGb' wdf{jnDjLx?n] cf:yfsf] w/f]x/ agfpFb} cfPsf 5g\ . k~ranL, kz''x?sf] b'w r9fpg] tyf cGo sfo{sf nflu dlGb/ kl/;/df 6«i6 lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? ul/Psf] 5 . ufpFkflnsfdf l;l;6LeL h8fg ul/Psf] 5 .

5}gg\ sd{rf/L

vfgLvf] n f ufpF k flnsfsf] l:js[t b/aGbL #! xf] . j8fdf vl6g]] sd{rf/L afx]s #! j6f b/jGbL /x]sf] ufpFkflnsfdf rf/ hgf dfq} sd{rf/L sfo{/t 5g\ . n]vf clws[t 5}gg\ n]vfkfnn] sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ . @& hgf sd{rf/L gx'Fbf klg ufpFkflnsfn] ;]jf pknAw u/fO{/x]sf] 5 . k|d'v k|zf;lso clws[t, b'O{ OlGhlgo/ / Ps n]vfkfn afx]s b/jGbLsf sd{rf/L pknAw 5}gg\ . & j6f j8f /x]sf] vfgLvf]nfdf ^ hgf ;lrj lyP . c? sd{rf/Lsf] t s'/} gu/f} . ;dfof]hgaf6 # hgf ;lrj uPsf 5g\ . Pshgf ylkP/ clxn] rf/hgf sfo{/t 5g\ . j8fdf /x]sf :jf:Yo rf}sLx?df klg ;dfof]hgsf sf/0f ;d:of ePsf] 5 . ePsf sd{rf/Lx? hfg] / gofF gcfpg] sf/0f ;d:of ePsf] k|jQmf uf]n]n] hfgsf/L lbP . k|fljlws gx'Fbf ePsf] ;d:of cg'udg, d'NofÍg / :6d]6df b]lvPsf] 5 . j8f ;b:o, j8f cWoIfn] g} sd{rf/L gx'Fbf j8f sfof{no rnfpg' k/]sf] 5 .

sd{rf/L cfjZostf t];|f] k6s k|sflzt ;"rgf k|sflzt ldltM @)&^÷)@÷@* o; ;+:yfsf] nflu lgDg sd{rf/L cfjZostf eO{ v'Nnf k|lt:kwf{af6 5gf]6 ug'{kg]{ ePsfn] b]xfoadf]lhdsf] of]Uotf k'u]sf OR5's g]kfnL gful/saf6 b/vf:t k]z ug{ cfXjfg ul/G5 . tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq gcfPsf] / l/t gk'uL k|fKt ePsf] b/vf:t pk/ s'g} lsl;dsf] sf/afxL x'g]5}g . cg'ejL pDd]åf/nfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf lbOg] 5 . lj1fkg g+= $.)&%.)&^ s_ kbM n]vf clws[t txM kfrf}F v_ cfjZos ;+VofM ! u_ cfjZos Go"gtd of]UotfM != jfl0fHo jf cy{zf:q ljifo lnO{ :gfts tx pQL0f{ @= @! jif{ k"/f eO{ #% jif{ ggf3]sf] #= sDKo"6/ ;~rfng, k|:tfjgf n]vg, k|ltj]bg n]vg tyf ahf/Ls/0f ;DaGwL 1fg ePsf] $= ;DalGwt kbdf slDtdf ! jif{sf] sfof{g'ej %= b'O{ kfª\u|] ;jf/L rfns cg'dlt kq k|fKt pDd]åf/nfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf lbOg] 5 .

3_ x:tlnlvt b/vf:t ;fy ;+nUg ug'{kg]{ sfuhftx¿ != g]kfnL gul/stfsf] k|df0f kqsf] k|ltlnlk ! k|lt @= z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0f kqsf] kltlnlk ! k|lt #= sDKo"6/ tflnd tyf cGo cg'ejsf] k|df0fkqx¿sf] k|ltlnlk !÷! k|lt $= xfn;fn} lvr]sf] kf;kf]6{ ;fOhsf] kmf]6f] @ k|lt %= JolQmut ljj/0f jfof]8f6f ^= ;jf/L rfns cg'dlt kqsf] k|ltlnlk ! ª_ b/vf:t lbg] :yfgM ;+:yfsf] s]lGb|o sfof{no ag]kf–&, uf]bfdrf]s r_ ;doM laxfg !)M)) ah]b]lv a]n'sL %M)) ah];Dd 5_ b/vf:t lbg] clGtd ldltM ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] !% lbgleq -@)&^÷)#÷!)_ h_ ;Dks{ ldltM b/vf:t lbg] clGtd ldltsf] ef]lnkN6 -@)&^÷)#÷!!_ em_ k/LIffsf] lsl;dM lnlvt, k|of]ufTds tyf cGt/jftf{ `_ kfl/>ldsM ;+:yfsf] lgodfg';f/ 6_ cGo ;'ljwfM kf];fs vr{, bz}F vr{, af]g;, ;~rosf]if nufot cGo ;'ljwf ;+:yfsf] lgodfg';f/ sfod ul/Psf] 5 .

7_ b/vf:t z'NsM ?=@)) -kl5 lkmtf{ gx'g] u/L_

kbk"lt{ pk–;ldlt

;b:o ;lrj

o'jf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]kf–&, sfe]|, kmf]g g+= )!!–^^)#!$, ^^)*^#

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r]i6f ;fKtflxs

;DkfbsLo== = = = = = = = = = = Goflos ;ldltsf] pT;fx ;+ljwfgn] u/]sf] Aoj:yf cg';f/ :yfgLo txdf pkk|d'v tyf pkfWoIfx?sf] ;+of]hsTjdf ul7t Goflos ;ldltn] Ifdtf cg';f/sf] ljZjf; lhTg yfn]sf 5g\. ;fdfGo eGbf ;fdfGo emu8f, ljjfb tyf cfk;L dgd'6fj x'Fbf k|x/L sfof{no / cbfnt g} k'Ug' k5{ eGg] dfGotf Goflos ;ldltdf ePsf 5nkmn / ljjfb lg?k0fn] d]6fpg yfn]sf 5g\. lhNnfdf u7g ePsf ;a} :yfgLo txsf Goflos ;ldlt ;lqmo ePsf 5g\. ;lqmo Goflos ;ldltn] :yfgLox?nfO{ ;]jf klg k|bfg u/]sf 5g\. Goflos ;ldltsf] ljZjf;df k'Ug]x? lg/fzfdf eGbf klg v'zL eP/ kmls{Psf 5g\. rf}/Lb]p/fnL ufpFkflnsf j8f gDj/ $ a:g] !( aifL{o ;ljtf ;fksf]6f / ;f]lx ufpFkflnsf j8f gDj/ % a:g] @! aifL{o k|lj0f uf}td ;Fu} a:g g;Sg] eGb} Goflos ;ldltdf ph'/L btf{ eof]. plgx? aLr @)&# df3 !( ut] ;fdflhs k/Dk/f cg';f/ dfuL ljjfx ePsf] lyof]. ljjfx kZrft @)&$ >fj0f dlxgf b]lv b'j} hgf aLr dgd'6fj eO{ Ps csf{ ;Fu} a:g g;Sg] cj:yf z'? eof]. ;f]lx ;do b]lv b'a} hgf cnu cnu a:g yfn]sf] plgx?n] atfPsf 5g\. ;DjGw ;'dw/ klg gx'g] / cnu cnu a:b} cfPsf] klg nfdf] ;do eP kl5 b'a}n] ;bfsf nflu cnu /xg] lgZsif{ lgsfNb} Goflos ;ldltdf lgj]bg btf{ u/]. b'j} hgfsf] /fhLv'zLn] s]6f kIfn] ljjfxsf] avt pknAw u/fPsf ;a} u/uxgf lkmtf{ lbg] ;xdlt ;d]t eof]. @)&% ;fn h]i7 @ ut] ePsf] pQm ;xdltdf s]6f kIfn] cf}7L, l;qmL, sfgdf nufpg] a]?jf ;lxt ;fF9] ! tf]nfsf] ;'gsf] uxgf lkmtf{ u/]sf] pNn]v 5. Goflos ;ldltdf ePsf] 5nkmn / ;xdltsf cfwf/df plgx? cbfntaf6} ;DjGw ljR5]b u/]sf 5g\. s]6L kIf / s]6f kIfsf cfkmGtsf] /f]xj/df Goflos ;ldltn] pQm 5nkmn u/fPsf] lyof]. rf}/L b]p/fnL h:t} ljleGg :yfgLo txsf Goflos ;ldltdf o:tf 36gfx?n] ;d]t :yfg kfPsf 5g\. sfg'gL a}Btfsf nflu ;xdlt kqsf] k|ltlnlk ;lxt cbfntdf k'Ubf ;xh ePsf] 5.

Goflos ;ldltdf clwsf+z lgj]bgx? kfl/jfl/s emu8f, >Ldfg >LdtL ljrsf] c;dembf/L, ;fFw ;lwFof/sf] lsrnf], n]gb]g, ;fdfGo s'6lk6, ;fdfGo rf]/L nufotsf 36gfdf lgj]bg kg{] u/]sf] 5 . ef}lts k'jf{wf/ tyf hgzlQm cefjsf aLr Goflos ;ldltx?n] cfkm\g} sfo{sIfaf6 k|bfg u/]sf] ;]jfdf klg plgx? ;Gt'i6 5g\. 5'§} Ohnf; geP klg ljjfb ;dfwfgdf e"ldsf v]Ng kfPsf]df v'zL nfu]sf] Goflos ;ldltsf ;+of]hs ?sd0fL u'?Ësf] cg'ej 5 . vfgLvf]nf ufpFkflnsf pkfWoIf Pj+ Goflos ;ldltsf ;+of]hs ?sd0fL u'?Ën] >Ldfg >LdtLsf emu8f, pkef]Qmf ;ldlt u7gsf] ljjfb, ;fFw l;dfgf, ;f;' a'xf/Lsf ljifodf ljjfb ePsf] eGb} ph'/L kg{] u/]sf] atfpg' eof] . o:tf ph'/Lx?sf] ;dfwfg klg ePsfn] Goflos ;ldltdf :yfgLox?n] cfzf ug{ yfn]sf 5g\. k"jf{wf/ ;DkGg, hgzlQm Aoj:yfkg klg Ifdtf clea[l4 ub{} cem} Goflos ;ldltsf] kx'Fr a9fpg' kg{]df ;j{;fwf/0fsf] hf]8 5.

;'grfFbLsf] ;fKtflxs ahf/ efp ;'g k|lt !) u|f= ;'g k|lt tf]nf rfFbL k|lt !) u|f= rfFbL k|lt tf]nf

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e'n ;'wf/ utfÍ k| s flzt df] / flt :tDesf] syf Aoyf :tDedf …rs 8:6/ 5f8]/ af]tn ;dfP kl5Ú eGg] lzif{ssf] syf Aoyfdf 8fF8fkf/Lsf] dxfef/t ufpFkflnsf j8f gDj/ @ l:yt sflnb]jL dflj s'lkG6f/ uf]s'n] x'g' kg{]df 3lt{5fk ePsfn] e'n ;'wf/ / Ifdf ofrgf ;lxt ;RrfO{Psf] 5 . pQm syf kLL8t ljBfyL{x?sf] aofg, ljBfnon] k|x/L sfof{nodf lbPsf] ph'/L, kLl8t ljBfyL{sf cfkmGtsf aofgsf cfwf/df tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . :yfgsf sf/0f :yfgLox?df kg{ uPsf] c;'ljwf k|lt Ifdf dfUg rfxG5f}+ . lgotaz pQm :yfg ;d]l6Psf] xf]O{g . cgfjZos ljifonfO{ prfn]/ kL8s hf]ufpg] sfd aGb xf];\ . lg/Gt/ v/fa cfr/0fsf] e08fkmf]/ ug{] cleofgdf xfd|f] snd /f]lsg] 5}g . t/ lzIfsx?n] ljBfyL{x? dfyL u/]sf] afn of}g b'/frf/ ePsf] :yfg Tolx ePsfn] dfq} To;sf] gfd pNn]v ePsf] xf] .

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Oªln; ldl8od_ df hfg'k5{ eg]/ pt} nxl;g k'Uof] . cfhsf] of] l:yltsf] kl/sNkgf ug{ b"/b[li6 xfdLdf /xG5 klxn] cfheGbf s/La * aif{ cl3 dfi6/ l8u|Lsf] k|flS6sn ubf{ xfdL ;fyLx? ldn]/ u/]sf] uf]i7Ldf d cfkm}}n] eg]sf] s'/fn] dnfO{ cfh emSemsfO /x]5 ls ?of] t]/f] ;f]x|} cfgf unt egfO{ lyof] .? eg]/ d]/f] cfTdfn] dnfO{ ;/fkL /x]sf] 5 . efiff ljufg{] dflg;x?df d klg /x]5' . ls d}n] cleefjs, lzIfs M cleefjs ;+3, ljBfno Aoa:yfkg ;ldlt, lzIfs ;a} ePsf] 7fpdFf eg]sf] lyPF Tof] uf]i7Ldf ls xfd|f ;/sf/L ljBfnox?sf k|fylds sIffx? ;'ls;s] ;x/L If]qsf ;/sf/L ljBfnosf k|fylds sIffdf #–$ b]vL &–* hgfeGbf a9L ljBfyL{ kfOg 5fl8;s] Tof] ;a} af]l8{ª :s'nk|lt cleefjssf] cfsif{0fn] ubf{ ePsf] xf] . xfdL klg ;fd'bflos ljBfnodf ca cu|]hL dfWoddf k7gkf7g u/fpg'sf] ljsNk 5}g . ljBfyL{ a6'Ng' 5 eg] c+u|]hLdf k9fcf} oxL eg]sf] lyPF d}n] . Tolt eGb} ubf{ d]/f] g]kfnsf] ! ;o @% j6f efiff dWo] ;a}eGbf Kof/f] / ;d[4 efiff g]kfnLk|lt d}n] slt cGofo u/]sf] /x]5' Tof] dnfO{ clxn] dx;'; eO/x]sf] 5 . / kZrftfk cfPsf] 5 . o:tf] Ps cfn]v . ca d}n] kZrftfk ug{'k¥of] . tkfO{n] kZtfrfk ug{'k¥of] . efiff lau|]sf] /

ug{'kb{5 . sd;]sd Ps If]q Ps e]u jf Ps lhNnfdf Ps}k6s of] sfdsf] ;'?jft x'g'kb{5 . tkfO{x? hgk|ltlglwsf] Pp6f sbdn] b]zdf b]lvPsf] b'O{ wf/sf] lzIffnfO{ Ps} wf/df Nofpg d2t k'Ub5 . g]kfnL efiff lau|gaf6 aRb5 . Pp6f ;fgf] e'/f]n] ;lhn} l;Sg ;Sg] clwsf/af6 al~rt x'g'kb{}g . ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf] ;]jf If]q cleefjs, ljBfyL{, lzIfs, ;d'bfo ;a}df cfPsf] pbf;Lgtfsf] cGTo x'G5 . ;fd'bflos ljBfno / ;+:yfut ljBfno larsf] b"/L / åGå cGTo x'G5 g]kfnsf] lzIffsf] ?k casf] % aif{leq u'0ffTdstflt/ 9lNsG5 . olt gu?Gh]n g xfd|f 5f]/f5f/L /fd|/L g]kfnL af]Ng hfGb5g\ / k|of]u ug{ t c+u|]lhdf e+m} kf]Vt x'G5g\ . xf] cuF|]hL efiff klg rflxGgF eGg] xf]Og . efiffsf] ?kdf l;Sg' kb{5 . pd]/ ePkl5 ljBfnosf] lzIffdf g} /fVg] ePklg P]lR5s ljifosf] ?kdf /fVg ;lsG5 clgjfo{ laifosf ?kdf /fVg x'Gg . olt gu?Gh]n ;+;f/sf h:tf h:tf d'Nof+sg k|ljlw NofPklg g]kfnsf] lzIffdf u'0ffTdstf klg cfpb}g / g]kfnL efiff lju|g klg 5f]8\b}g . g]kfnL efiffsf] hu]gf{ u/]dfq g]kfnsf cGo efiffsf] hu]gf{ x'G5 gq c? ! ;o @% efiff klg ljno x'g] lbg cfp5Fg\ lsgsL g]kfndf ax' k|ltztn] af]Ng], k|of]u ug{] / sfdsfhsf] efiff g} oxL xf] . cGo efiff xf] O g . k| l tlqmofsf] nflu rukmani2068@gmail.com

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lhDd]jf/L lnG5 .Ú gu/kflnsf k|d'v czf]s Aof~h'n] gu/kflnsfsf ;a} j8fx?nfO{ afnd}qL 3f]if0ffsf nflu cfwf/e't k"jf{wf/x? tof/ ul//x]sf] atfP . x/]s j8fdf afnd}qL kfs{ lgdf{0f, ljBfno tyf cGo ;+/rgfx? lgdf{0fdf afnd}qL, lg0f{o / k|s[ofdf afnaflnsfx?sf] ;xeflutf, afnljjfxsf] cGTo, afn >ldssf] cGTo nufotdf gu/kflnsfn] ;a} j8fx?df Wofg lbPsf] atfP . gd'gf gu/kflnsf lgdf{0f ug{] cleofg cGt{ut gu/kflnsfn] x/]s of]hgfdf sfo{ ul//x]sf] atfP . w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v czf]s Aof~h'n] ;g\ @)@) leq gu/kflnsfnfO{ afnd}qL gu/ 3f]if0ff ub{} jftfj/0f, dlxnf lx+;f /lxt, ;'s'Daf;L d'Qm, afn>d d'Qm gu/ agfpg] cleofg z'? u/]sf] atfP . …ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf;;Fu} dfgljo ljsf;sf nflu cfjZo kg{] ;a} ;'rsf+sx?nfO{ k"/f ug{ cfjZos sfo{qmd ;lxtsf] ah]6 Aoj:yfkg ul/Psf] 5Ú–gu/ k|d'v Aof~h'n] eg]–…g]kfns} gd"gf gu/kflnsf agfpg] p2]Zo cg'?k dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;DjGwL sfplG;n ;d]t u7g ul/Psf] 5 .Ú ljsf;sf x/]s kf6fx?df cfo–cfh{g;Fu} ;fdflhs Gofo / alnof] gful/s tof/ ug{ cfjZos kg{] k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f u/]sf] gu/ k|d'v Aof~h'n] atfP . dGqL yddfof yfkf du/n] b]zsf] eljZo;Fu hf]l8Psf afnaflnsfx?sf] If]qdf nufgL ug{ :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{ cg'/f]w ul/g\ . afnaflnsfx?sf] cfwf/e't cfjZostfnfO{ k"/f ug{ :yfgLo ;/sf/n] k|fyldstfdf /fVg'kg{] s'/fdf hf]8 lbb} dGqL yfkf du/n] k|To]s 3/nfO{ dlxnf, afnaflnsf / h]i7 gful/s d}qL agfpg'kg{] atfO{g\ . h]i7 gful/sx?nfO{ lbjf>dsf] Aoj:yfkg / ;+/rgf ;lxt jftfj/0f dlxnf / afnaflnsf d}qL agfpg ;/sf/n] ljleGg sfo{qmd z'? u/]sf] / ah]6, gLlt tyf sfo{qmdaf6 hgtfsf] Gofo / ;dfgtfsf nflu sfd ug{' kg{]df hf]8 lbO{g\ . ljsf;;Fu} ;fdflhs GofonfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fv]/ sfd ug{ :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{ lgb{]zg lbO{g\ . sfo{qmddf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt pkk|d'v d~h' uf}td, gu/kflnsf pkk|d'v ljdnf zdf{, j8f cWoIf k'ik /fpt, afn Snj ;~hfnsL ;lrj od'gf ltdlN;gf, lhNnf cWoIf /~hg kf}8\ofn, afn ;~hfn j8f cWoIf c~hgf ljs nufotn] j8fnfO{ afnd}qL agfpg ljleGg If]qsf] ;xof]u lg/Gt/ cfjZos /x]sf] atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . ;f]lx cj;/df ljleGg If]qsf AolQmx?nfO{ k|z+;fkqåf/f ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . afnd}qL j8f 3f]if0ff ug{' cl3 ljleGg lgsfoaf6 cg'udg ul/Psf] lyof] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt sfe|]sf k|d'v p4j s];Lsf] g]t[Tjdf ePsf] cg'udg ;ldltn] afnd}qL j8f 3f]if0ff ug{ pko'Qm ePsf] lgZsif{ ;lxt gu/kflnsfnfO{ k|df0fkq k|bfg u/]sf] lyof] . lhNnf :t/Lo cg'udgsf qmddf afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf nflu cfjZos kg{] #( j6f ;"rsx? dWo] ## j6f ;'rsx?df zt k|ltzt gDj/ k|fKt ePsf] lyof] . s]lx ;'rsx? (% k|ltzt eGbf dfyL /x]sfn] afnd}qL j8f 3f]if0ff ug{ pko'Qm /x]sf] s];Ln] atfPsf lyP . afnarfpF, afn;+/If0f, afnljsf;, afn;xeflutf, ;+:yfut ;"rssf ;a} a'Fbfx? pTs[i6 /x]sf] s];Ln] atfP . cg'udgsf qmddf lzz'nfO{ k"0f{ :tgkfg, Ps jif{ leqsf] afnaflnsf k"0f{?kdf ^ dlxgf b]lv kfFr jif{ d'lgsf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ le6fldg P SofK;'n v'jfO{Psf], ;'Ts]/L cfdf tyf ue{jtLx?n] cfO{/g rSsL v'jfO{Psf], ;a} afnaflnsfx?sf] hGd btf{ ePsf], afnljjfx /f]lsPsf] h:tf a'Fbfx?df zt k|ltzt gDj/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 . j8f cWoIf k'ik /fptn] j8fsf ;a} ultljlwx? afnd}qL ePsfn] afnd}qL j8f 3f]if0ff ug{ ;xh ePsf] atfP . sfo{qmddf kqsf/ dxf;+3 sfe|]sf cWoIf df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf sfo{qmd clws[t dfof afb], w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf sfo{qmd clws[t ljb'/ uf}td / kqsf/x?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

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hGd, afNosfn, cf}krfl/s lzIffM sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfsf] tTsfnLg l;;fvfgL uflj; xfnsf] /f]zL ufpFkflnsf j8f gDj/ % df @)#^ ;fn kmfu'g !* ut] d]/f] hGd eof] . afNosfn ufpFd} laTof] . 3/ glhs} /x]sf] ljBfnoaf6 d]/f] cWoog z'? eof] . k|f/lDes cWoog ;s]kl5 em08} Ps 306fsf] af6f] lxF8]/ xfdL /f]zL dflj s6'~h] hfg] u/]sf lyof}+ . hghflt leqsf] tfdfª ;d'bfosf] lx;fan] cWoog ug{'k5{ eGg] r]tgfsf] sdL lyof] . ;GtfgnfO{ lzIff lbg'k5{ eGg] r]tgf x'bF } uPsf] lyof] . d]/f] a'af cfdfn] klg xfdLnfO{ ljBfno k7fpg' k5{ eGg] ;f]rn] ljBfno egf{ ul/lbg' ePsf] lyof] . ;fg} pd]/ b]lv /fhgLlts ?kdf ;fdflhs lhDd]jf/L lnPsfn] kl/jf/sf] klxnf] ;Gtfg eP klg bfloTj w]/} ePg . !$÷!% jif{sf] pd]/df d e"ldut ePsf] lyPF . a'af cfdfn] cleefjssf] bfloTj k"/f ul//xg' ePsfn] d 3/ kl/jf/sf] eGbf ;fdflhs / /fhgLlts bfloTj k"/f u5{' eGg] ;f]rn] Totftkm{ nfu]+ . k|fylds txdf /xFbf ;fdfGo emu8f x'GYof] . s]lx lzIfsx?n] xfdLnfO{ ;fdflhs cleofgdf klg ;xefuL u/fpg' x'GYof] . vgfnyf]ssf ltjf/L ;/, rf}xfg ;/n] k|fylds txd} Tof] vfnsf] cleofg l;sfpg' x'GYof] . dfWolds txsf] cWoogdf t lhDd]jf/Ld} /xg'k¥of] . sIff ^ af6 /f]zL cWoog ug{ hfFbf Pp6f dfxf]n aGof] . d eGbf l;lgo/ sIffsf bfO{ lbbLx?nfO{ klg d}n] slGe; ug{ ;Sg] ePF . ;fyLefO{;uF 3'nldn x'g], yf]/} af]Ng], /fd|f] af]Ng] afgL a:of] . lzIfs / ljBfyL{x?sf aLr d}n] nf]slk|otf k|fKt u/]+ . cWoogdf d cAan lyPF . sIffdf klxnf] / bf]>f] ePF . lzIfsx?sf] sf/jfxLdf slxNo} kl/gF . dnfO{ ;Demfpg' x'GYof] . dfof ug{' x'GYof] . ljBfnosf] /fd|f] ljBfyL{ ePsfn] dnfO{ c;xh lyPg . a'af cfdfn] klg dnfO{ slxNo} s'6\g' ePg . 5f]/f] ljBfno uPsf] 5 eGg] s'/f pxfFx?nfO{ hfgsf/L lyof] . cleefjssf] sf/jfxLdf klg kl/gF . s]lx p6\km6\ofËx? x'Gy] . Tof] :jefljs xf] . d]/f] xh'/a'afsf] k;n lyof] . k;naf6 lj:s'6 lgsfn]/ vfg] / ;fyLx?nfO{ klg afF8\g] ub{y]+ . afv|f r/fpg hfFbf 3/af6 s]]lx lrhx? lnP/ hfg] / pt} ksfP/ vfg] ul/GYof] . afNosfnsf To:tf cljZd/0fLo If0f 5g\ . ;"rgf / ;+rf/sf lx;fan] ;d[4 lyPg . ;fyLx? aLrsf] Pp6f ;d'x slxn] agef]h hfg], slxn] 3fF; bfp/f ug{ ;Fu} hfg] h:tf ultljlwx? x'Gy] . ufpFdf c? gofF of]hgf / sfd x'bF }g lyP . ljBfnodf x'g] cltl/Qm s[ofsnfkdf aSt[Tjsnf / xflh/Lhjfkmdf d]/f] ;xefuLtf x'GYof] . cGo v]n / ;+uLtdf ?rL gePsf] xf]O{g d]/f] Ifdtf lyPg . hfg]/ / EofP/ slxNo} sIff 5f8]gf}+ . slxn]sfFlx ;f+u7lgs ?kdf sfd x'bF f hfg]/} sIff 5f8]gf}+ . @)%!÷@)%! ;fn b]lv g} d}n] ljBfyL{x?sf] /fhgLlts ;+u7gdf efu lnPF . Pdfn] lgs6 clvndf ;xefuL eP/ sfd u/]sf] lyPF . ef]h/fh ltdlN;gf, xl/z/0f bfxfn nufotsf g]tfx? cfP/ xfdLnfO{ ;+ul7t ug{' ePsf] lyof] . /fd|f] k9\g] ljBfyL{ xfdL ePsfn] xfdLnfO{ pxfFx?n] cfsif{0f ug{], k|lzIf0f lbg] / ;f+u7lgs sfddf nufpg] ug{' x'GYof] . @)%#÷%$ df d]/f] ljrf/ pxfFx?;Fu ldNg ;s]g . Tolxa]nf b]lv d dfcf]jfbL lgs6 cg]/f:jljo'sf] qmflGtsf/L ;+u7gdf cfa4 ePF . @)$^÷$& ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngdf xfdL ;xefuL x'g] u/]sf lyof}+ . lzIfsx?n] xfdLnfO{ sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng / To;n] lnPsf] p2]Zosf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] . kfFrvfnsf sfkm\n] ;/, z}nz ;/, gj/fh ;/n] hgdf]rf{ dfkm{t sDo'lgi6x?sf] ljsf; / ;+u7gsf lx;fan] cuf8L a9fpg vf]Hg'eof] . cg]/f:jljo' kfFrf}af6 d ;+ul7t ePF . k|f/lDes sld6L, ljBfno sld6L, If]qLo sld6L, lhNnf sld6Ldf /x]/ sfd u/]+ . km'ndfg an, s'jfG5' nufot;Fu ax; eof] . ax;df pxfFx?n] d]/f] dg lhTg ;Sg' ePg . clvn qmflGtsf/L g} d]/f nflu pQd nfUof] . Tolx a]nf b]lv d}n] kl/jt{g u/]+ . au{ ;+3if{;uF ;DjlGwt /x]/ d}n] ax; u/]sf] lyPF . ljkIfL;Fu ljrf/ / k|ltsf/ b'j} x'GYof] . Tof] ;+3if{ O{ltxf; ag]sf] 5 . ;DemFbf b}GTosyf h:t} nfU5 . sIff ^÷& df cWoog ubf{ sIff (÷!) cWoog ug{] bfh'x?;Fu n8\g' kb{Yof] . g]skf Pdfn] kf6L{sf] lgb]{zgdf ljBfyL{ ;+u7g lx8\g' kb{Yof] . kf6L{ / ljBfyL{ ;+u7gsf] p2]Zo lyof] g} . Tof] p2]Zodf ax;df ;fy ePg . ;+/If0f dx;'; ePg . cWoog 5f8]/} d e"ldut ePF . cWoognfO{ kl5 cufl8 a9fpg ;lsPg . ;z:q o'4 / ;xelfutfM ljBfno hLjgaf6} z'? eof] . cWoog 5f8]/} kf6L{df ;lqmo x'g yflnof] . ljrf/ / ax;nfO{ ;fy{s agfpg kf6L{df ;lqmo x''g] cj;/ / k|:tfj b'j} eof] . @)%# ;fnsf] clGtd lt/ tTsfnLg dfcf]jfbLsf] ;f+:s[lts 6f]nLsf] ;fdfgx? k|x/Ln] jflN6Ëaf6 hkmt u/]/ NofPsf] /x]5 . k|x/Ln] NofPsf] b]v]/ xfd|f] /ut plDnof] . xfdLdf qmflGtsf/Lkgf b]lvof] . sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng bafpg] o:tf] cj:yfnfO{ ;kmn x'g lbg' x'bF}g eGg] nfUof] . em08} xfdLn] k|x/Laf6} lt ;fdfgx? vf];]sf lyof}+ . t/ ;Dej lyPg . To:tf y'k|} 36gf eP . lj:tf/} xfd|f] ax; eO{/xbFf xfdL e"ldut ?kd} dfcf]jfbLdf ;xefuL x'g ;d"x g} tof/ eof}+ . dfO{nf nfdf …k|HjnÚ / ;'o{dfg bf]Ë nufotsf g]tfx?sf] ;Dks{df k'Uof}+ . pxfxF?;uF e]63f6 eP kl5 /fhgLlts ?kdf phf{ ldNof] / ;lqmo x'g ;fx; a9\of] . afNosfn b]lv g} ddf qmflGtsf/Lkg b]]lvPsf] /x]5 . cGofodf k/]sfx?nfO{ Gofo lbg'k5{ eGg] lyof] . Gofo s;n] lbG5 < Gofoflwzn] . dnfO{ jlsn ag]/ Gofo lbg'k5{ eGg] lyof] . jlsnx?rfFlx ;w} Gofosf] kIfdf x'G5g\ eGg] lyof] . dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngdf ha ;dflxt x'Fb} uof}+ . hgo'4 3lge"t ?kdf cuf8L a9\b} uof] . dfcf]jfbLn] hgsf/jfxL z'? u¥of] . ;/sf/n] lsnf] z]/f 6' rnfpg yfNof] . xfdLnfO{ klg k|x/L 3/ 3/ vf]Hg cfof] . s]lx ;fyLx? kqmfp kg{ yfn] . xfdL em08} em08} aRof}+ . Tolta]nf nufPsf] d'4f cem} ;lsPsf 5}gg\ . () jlif{o xh''/a'afsf] hldg tTsflng ;/sf/n] /f]Ssf /fv]sf] lyof] . ev{/} xfdLn] km's'jf u/]sf 5f}+ . ju{ k|ltsf] ;dk{0f, ljrf/ k|ltsf] ljZjf;n] kf6L{df nfu]sf lyof}+ . cWoog ubf{ ub{} tTsflng ;/sf/n] xfdLn] cWoog ug{ lbPg . !^ jif{ nfUb} lyPF . sIff !) df egf{ eP/ cWoog ug{] a]nf xfdLnfO{ ;/sf/n] nv]6\of] . afWo eP/ e"ldut eof}+ . ljBfyL{sf] sfddf d 9'+vs{ k'u]sf] lyPF . ToxfF k|x/Lsf] sf/jfxLdf kl/of] . k|x/L OG;]Sk]S6/ a;Gt nfdfsf] sdf08df k|x/L vl6Psf] /x]5 . af]Nb] nufotsf :yfgdf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ k|lzIf0f lbP/ kmls{Psf] a]nf tF …HjfnfÚ xf];\ eg]/ ;f]lwof] . d}n] x}g jfnf xf] eg]+ . o;n] efif0f u5{ clg Pp6f xftn] nfn;nfd / csf{] xftn aGb's k8\sfpF5 eg]/ ph'/L ul/Psf] /x]5 . ;fg} pd]/ / prfO{ klg ;fgf] ePsfn] s;}n] kTofpFb}g lyP . 9'+v{sdf al;/xFbf Pshgf lbbLsf] 3/df k'u]5f}+ . pxfF @)%$ ;fnsf] lgjf{rgdf j8f ;b:o lhTg' ePsf] /x]5 . pxfF df]6f] z/L/sf] x'g'x'Fbf] /x]5 . xfd|f] l6ddf cl8u klg x'g'x'Fbf] /x]5 . l6dsf] g]t[Tj d}n] u/]sf] lyPF . t/ pxfFn] tkfO{x?n] eg]sf] s'/f kTofpg t h'Fuf klg cfPsf] x'g'k5{ eg]kl5 d}n] cl8uhLnfO{ g} g]t[Tj u/]sf] xf] elglbPF . h'Fuf cfPg eg]/ d}n] An]8 lnP/ ;w}+ vf}/g yfn]+ . pxfFsf] Ps dlxgf kl5 lgwg eP5 . t/ klg pxfFn] xfdLnfO{ vf]lh/xg' ePsf] /x]5 . xfdL k'Ug ;s]gf}+ . ljrf/df ;fg} pd]/ b]lv kl/kSj ePsf lyof}+ . Tolt ;fg} pd]/df aGb's af]s]/ lx8\g' kg{] xfd|f] afWotf lyof] . ;/sf/L bdgsf sf/0f xfdL snd af]Sg] ;dodf aGb's af]s]/ lx8\of}+ . b'MvL ePgf}+ . ;w} v'zL / uf}/jk""0f{ tl/sfn] cfkm'nfO{ lbnf]Hofg lbP/ ;lqmo eO{/x\of}+ . 3/ 5f8]/ ha xfdL lx8\of}+ ta ;d'x vf]Hb} lx8\g yfNof}+ . s]lx ;fyLx?nfO{ 3/ kmsfO{of] . xfdL dfyL d'2f lyof] . jf/]G6 lyof] . vf]htnf; lyof] . xfdL 3/ kms{g ;s]gf}+ . ha xfdLn] ;d'x e]6\of}+ ta xfdL ;'/lIft

8fo/L dgsf] df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf ePsf] dx;'; u¥of}+ . @)^@÷^# ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ng cl3 xfdLn] ef]u]sf cgluGtL kL8fx?, ef]ufO{x? 5g\ . y'k|} pkGof; aGg ;S5g\ . y'k|} rnlrq aGg ;S5g\ . slt b''Mv kfof}+ . slt ;'vsf] klg cg'e"lt eof] . clvn qmflGtsf/Laf6 d l;w} kf6L{sf] lhDd]jf/Ldf lyPF . ljBfyL{ ;+u7g vfnL eof] . o'j/fh rf}nfufO{nfO{ nlntk'/af6 NofP/ pxfF cWoIf / d lhNnf pkfWoIf ePF . kl5 ;Dd]ngaf6 d cWoIf ePF . ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfdf klg ag]kf, gfnf, kfFrvfn, kgf}tL nufotsf ljBfnodf xfd|f] ;+u7g lyof] . sltko cj:yfdf xfdL n's]/ ;+u7g agfPsf x'GYof}+ . s;}nfO{ cGoq nu]/ klg ;+u7g agfpFYof}+ . u|fld0f e]usf ;a} ljBfnox?df xfd|f] ;+u7g lyof] . ljBfyL{ ;+u7g c;fWo} ;lqmo lyof] . ljBfyL{ ;+u7gdf g]tfx? cfpFb} uP kl5 d hgd'lQm ;]gfdf uPF . lhNnfsf] lhDd]jf/Ldf /x]/ sfd u/]+ . lhNnfel/sf ldlnl;ofx?sf] sdf08 u/]/ a;]+ . Knf6'g sld;f/, sDkgL sld;f/ ePF . a6flnog sld;f/ klg ePF . ;}Go lhDd]jf/L lyof] . kf6L{sf] nfO{g larf/;Fu ltvfg{] sfd x'GYof] . hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ /fhgLlts[t ug{] sfd klg eof] . sld;f/ eP kl5 ;]gfnfO{ /fhgLlts ?kdf k|lzlIft ug{' kb{Yof] . kmf}hL ?kdf bIf agfpg] sfd sdf08/n]

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AolQmut dfof k|]d lt/ Wofg uPg . ;fd'lxs ?kdf auL{o k|]d /x\of] . hgtf / /fi6«k|lt k|]d eof] . k|]d k|:tfj gcfPsf] klg xf]O{g . dnfO{ k|]d ug{] k|:tfj cuf8L ga9]sf] klg xf]O{g . d cleefjs lyPF . cleefjs ePsfn] d eGbf tnsf ;a} lhDd]jf/ sd/]8x?sf] bfloTj d;Fu lyof] . pxfFx?sf] cuf8L d}n] k|]d / ljjfx ug{] s'/f lyPg . au{ ;+3if{ w]/} ePsfn] k|]d Tolx eof] . ha zflGt k|s[of z'? eof] . ta k|]d kl5 ljjfx eof] . e]63f6 x'Fbf x'Fb} pxfFsf] / d]/f] ljjfxsf] s'/fdf 3/ kl/jf/nfO{ ;xefuL u/fO{of] . pxfF ;fdfGo x'g'x'GYof] . kf6L{s} lhDd]jf/ g]tf sd/]8sf] 5f]/L lyO{g\ . @)^* ;fndf ljjfx u¥of}+ . ljjfx kl5sf] hLjg ;Gt'i6 g} 5f} . klxnf] 5f]/L / bf]>f] ;Gtfg hGdbfF h'DNofxf 5f]/fx? hlGdP . plg ;+:yfdf sfd uly{g\ . ha h'DNofxf aRrf hlGdP To;kl5 xfdL To;sf] nfngkf]if0fdf ;lqmo ePsfn] kl/jf/ afx]s c? If]qdf pgn] ;do lbg ;s]sL 5}gg\ . k|]d kl5sf] ljjfx ePsfn] vf;} emu8f kb{}g . w]/} sdfpg nfluPg . ;dfhsf] ljsf;sf nflu nfluPsfn] AolQm, kl/jf/ eGbf /fi6« / ;dfhnfO{ w]/} Wofg lbPF . kfl/jfl/s aGwgdf afFlwbf s]lx km/s x'G5 . c;Gt'i6x?nfO{ Aoj:yfkg ul/g' k5{ .

ub{Yof] . /fhgLlts / kmf}hL k|lzIf0f Ps} k6s x'GYof] . kl5 ;}lgs If]qdf /xFbf Ao'/f] ;b:o eP/ sfd u/]+ . kl5 k|b]z sld6L, dxflwa]zg cfof]hs sld6Ldf /x]/ sfd u/]+ . kf6L{ Plss/0f kl5 k|b]z sld6Lsf] ;b:osf ?kdf ;ky vfP/ klxnf] a}7s klg cljZd/0fLo If0fM d]/f hLjgdf y'k|} If0fx? cljZd/0fLo /x] . ljz]ifu/L ljBfyL{ ;+u7gdf /x]]/ ;DkGg u/]sf 5f}+ . åGåsfnLg ;dodf ;'v eGbf w]/} b'Mvsf If0fx? x'Fbf /x]5g\ . ;Fu} ljBfnodf sfd ul//xFbf ePsf] ;+3if{ / cljZd/0fLo If0fx? /x] . ;z:q o'4sf k|To]s lx8]sf ;fyLx?, ;Fu} /ftf] lstfa af]s]sf ;fyLx? 5f8]/ kms{g' kbf{ b'Mv x'g] /x]5 . df]rf{df dfgl;s / zfl//Ls ?kdf ePsf bafa klg cljZd/0fLo g} /x] . zflGt k|s[of clwsf+z ;do b'Mvd} lat] . hg;/sf/ 3f]if0ff u/L hgtfnfO{ ;'v / kl/jt{gsf] kl5 kf6L{n] lnPsf gLlt / lgb{]zgx? ;kmn agfpg lg/Gt/ nflu/x]+ . lhNnf :t/Lo x'Fb} dx;'; u/fof}+ Tof] v'zLsf] s'/f eof] . ef}lts / dfgl;s ?kdf h;/L kL8f eof] Tof] jfO{l;Pnsf] s]lGb|o ;lrj klg ePF . AolQmut hLjgdf b'O{j6f 7'nf 36gf eP . lj;{g} ;lsb}g . alGbk'/ df]rf{af6 kms{g] ;dodf ;a} eGbf w]/} b'Mv / kL8fsf] dx;'; kl5Nnf] rfFlx knfF;]df kf6L{sf] lrofkfg sfo{qmddf uP/ kms{bf @)&% sflt{s !) ut] eof] . alGbk'/ df]rf{af6 kms{bfF bh{gf}+ /ft clgb|f eof] . x/]s lbg le8Gt eP . b'3{6gfdf k/]+ . tTsfn c:ktfn gk'¥ofPsf] eP ;fob afFlrb}g lyof] . Tof] eGbf cl3 df};dsf] k|lts"ntf eof] . r'/] If]qsf] jftfj/0fn] dnfO{ emg} ;tfof] . af6f]e/L 8fF8fkf/Ldf ePsf] ;jf/L b'3{6gfdf xfdL r9]sf] uf8Lsf rfnssf] lgwg eof] . xfdL k|ltsf/sf 36gf eP . s'zn sld;f/ sd/]8x?nfO{ u'dfof}+ . lbg]z, /fdhLx?nfO{ klg s]lx ld6/ dfq} cuf8L ePsf] eP afFRb}g lyof}+ . tTsfn x]lnsK6/ dfkm{t xfd|f] u'dfof}+ . r'/]df bh{gf}+ df]rf{df n8fO{ eP . kfgL lyPg . x]lnsK6/af6 ;d]t cfqmd0f p4f/ ul/of] / afFlrof] . csf{] dxTjk"0f{ 36gf eof] . k|r08 sd/]]8 klxnf] k6s ;fj{hlgs x'Fbf eof] . kfgL / vfgf ljgf lg/Gt/sf] n8fO{n] xfdL d/0ff;Gg ePsf lyof}+ . sfe|]sf] gfs{], 3lt{5fk cfO{k'Ubf;Dd /f]lsPg . dfgl;s ?kdf dsjfgk'/sf] h'/h'/] If]qdf ;]So'/l/6Lsf] Pp6f sdf08 d]/f] lyof] . dfG5] yfDg} g;lsg] eP . /]lnË dfyL dfG5] k'Ubf ljlIfKt eO{of] . n8fO{df ha xfdL xf]ldof}+ ToxfF e'uf]nsf lx;fan] ;fyLx? r9]sf /x]5g\ . Tof] efFlrof] . d To;n] lylrPF . To;dfyL dfG5] r9] . ;fob d lylrP/} laTg' eof] . ;fyLx?n] e'uf]n lrGg g;s]sf sf/0f xfd|f] w]/} Iflt eof] . tTsflng dy{] xf]nf ;fyLx?n] tTsfn To;nfO{ x6fP/ lj/ c:ktfn k'¥ofpg' eof] . d]/f] z/L/df zflx g]kfnL ;]gfsf] klg Iflt eof] . t/ xfdLn] w]/} kL8f ef]Uof}+ . ef]lnkN6 ToxfF k'Ubf xltof/ lyof] . Tof] xltof/ s;}n] gb]v'g eGg] d]/f] lrGtf eof] . d afFRg' eGbf klg ;fyLx?sf] cj:yf kl5 d ljlIfKt ePsf] lyPF . nfdf] ;do b]lv nfu]sf ;fyLx? To;nfO{ s;/L hf]ufpg] eGg]df s]lGb|t /x\of] . cfkm' klg ar]+ / Tof] klg hf]ufPF . cfFv} ljTg' ePsf] lyof] . sdf08 d]/f] lyPg t/ ;+rf/dfWoddf d]/f] gfd cfPsf] /x]5 . cuf8L ;fyLx?n] o'4sf qmddf Hofg u'dfpg' kbf{sf kL8fx? / If0fx? 5g\ . nfdf] ;do d}n] Tolx sfd u/]sf] lyPF . xfdLnfO{ hgtfsf] dfof ckf/ lyof] . Pp6} :yfgdf dlxgf} tflnd u/]/ hLjgM ef]ufO{ . a:bYof}+ . n8fO{sf] aLrdf klg zflGt lyof] . xfd|f] dgdf slxNo} czfGt lyPg . a]l7s sfd u/]sf] slxNo} dx;'; ePg . h] ul//x]sf 5f}+ Tof] l7s ul//x]sf 5f} eGg] k|]dM b'O{ d'6' aLrsf] ldng . lyof] . hgtf / /fi6«sf nflu xfdLn] u/]sf] of]ubfg ;lx 5 eGg] lyof] . lzsf/Ln] r/fsf] cfFvf x]/] h:t} xfd|f] uf]n Tolx lyof] . u0ftGq, wd{ lg/k]Iftf, ;+3Lotf, zflGt ljjfxM ;dembf/L . k|fs[lts lgod . a+zsf] lg/Gt/tf . xfd|f k|d'v s'/f g} lyP . 9''+vs{af6 d lu/kmtf/ ePsf] lyPF . ofbj clwsf/L l8P:kL lyP xf]nf . PlkPkm klg alg;s]sf] lyof] h:tf] nfU5 . a;Gt nfdfn] ;dft]/ zfl//Ls ;DjGwM h}ljs cfjZostf .

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6]lnlehg tyf z}lIfs ;fdu|L x:tfGt/0f sfo{qmddf k"j{ k|wfgdGqL 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{n] lzIff eg]sf] dfgj hfltsf] r]tgfsf] ?k xf], lzIffn] g} dflg;sf] Ifdtf lgsfN5 / lzIff g} l;Sg] / l;sfpg] lrh ePsf] atfP . lzIff Pp6f o:tf] lrh xf] h'g s;}nfO{ klg af8F\g' kb{}g Tof] lzIffn] dflg;df lje]b\sf] cGTo, :j/f]huf/, >lds aGg l;sfpg] e§/fO{n] atfP . …xfdLn] ;Gtfgsf nflu ;DklQ xf]O{g lzIff lbg'k5{, lzIffdf nufgL ubf{ w]/} k|ltkmn k|fKt x'G5, ljBfnon] cfw'lgs / Aojxfl/s / ;+;f/ abNg ;Sg] lzIff lbg'k5{Ú–k"j{ k|wfgdGqL e§/fO{n] eg]–…/fHosf] lzIffdf w]/} nufgL ePsfn] nufgL cg';f/sf] k|ltkmn k|fKt x'g g;Sg'sf sf/0f s] xf] < ;d:of kQf nufO{ lzIffdf nufgL cem a9fO{ ljsf;df nfUg'kb{5 .Ú sfo{qmddf sf7df8f} ljZjljBfnosf pks"nklt k|f]km];/ 8f= /fds07 dfsh"n] ljBfno / 3/ kl/jf/n] ;+:s[lt, >lds, Aoaxfl/s 1fg l;sfpg cfjZos /x]sf] atfP . ljBfyL{sf] cfr/0f 3/af6 / ljBfnoaf6 z'? x'g] ePsfn]

xfdLn] s:tf] cfr/0fsf] lzIff lbb} 5f} To;tkm{ Wofg lbg'kg{] atfPsf lyP . sfo{qmddf kgf}tL gu/kflnssf gu/ k|d'v led Gof}kfg]n] gu/df ;fd'bflos ljBfnodf Pp6} kf]zfs nfu' ul/Psf], lzIffsf] u'0f:t/Lotfdf ljz]if hf]8 lbPsf], ;a} ljBfnodf cfO{6L xflh/L z'? ul/Psf] / cfjZos If]qdf gu/kflnsfn] ;dGjo ul//x]sf] atfP . sfo{qmddf efn]Zj/ dflj, s'zfb]jL dflj, k'0o dflj, >L /fd dflj / kf7zfnf ljBfnonfO{ z}lIfs ;dfu|L x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . ljBfnon] ljBfnonfO{ :yfkgf sfnb]vL ;xof]u ug{] AolQm, gu/sf lzIff;]jL ;fdflhs AolQmTj pTs[i6 ljBfyL{ nufotnfO{ ;Ddfg u/]sf] lyof] . ljBfnosf] ultljlwsf af/]df k|wfgfWofks gf/fo0f lg/f}nfn] sfo{qmddf dGtJo /fv]sf lyP . ljBfnon] c;n ljBfyL{ pTkfbg u/L /fi6« / ;+;f/nfO{ abNg ;Sg] agfpg] nIo lnPsf] atfP . ljBfnondf ut z}lIfs ;qaf6 !! ;~rfng u/]sf] / ljBfno gfkmfd'vL geO{ z}lIfs u'7L cGtu{t ePsfn] ;dfh / gu/df lzIffsf] If]qdf sfd ug{] atfP . l;4fy{ OlGi6Ro"6 ;a} ljBfno;uF xft]dfnf] ub{] cufl8 a9\g] atfP . sfo{qmddf :jfut dGtAo ;xfos k|wfgfWofks /]Zdf yfkfn] /fv]sL lyO{g\ eg] sfo{qmdsf] ;efkltTj l;4fy{ z}lIfs u'7Lsf cWoIf SofK6]g /fd]Zj/ yfkfn] u/]sf lyP .

dhb'/ ;+u7gsf] :jf:Yo lzlj/ / /Qmbfg

:j:y aRrf k|ltikwf{ sfo{qmd ;DkGg bfKrf÷gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsf bfKrf :jf:Yo rf}sLsf] cfof]hgfdf j8f g+ ( ;fljs 5q]afFem uflj; leqsf ^ dlxgf b]vL % jif{ ;Ddsf afnaflnsfx?af6 :j:y aRrf k|lt:kwf{ sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] 5 . k|lt:kwf{ sfo{qmddf ;fljssf dlxnf :jf:Yo :jod ;]ljsfx?n] cfkm\gf] sfo{If]qaf6 k'0f{ vf]k kfPsf, lgoldt tf}n cg'udg u/]sf, :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf hlGdPsf aRrfx?nfO{ k|yldstfdf /fvL 5gf}6 u/L k7fPsf * hgf aRrfx?af6 pTs[i6 ltg hgfnfO{ 5gf}6 ul/Psf] lyof] . 5gf}6 x'g] aRrfx?df k|yd k|lg; nfdf, l4lto lgZrn

>]i7 / t[lto k|ltIff nfdf /x]sf 5g\ . 5gf}6 ePsf aRrfx?nfO{ gdf]a'4 gu/kflnsf j8f g+ ( sf j8f cWoIf tyf :jf:Yo rf}sL Aoa:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf d]naxfb'/ nfdfn] k'/:sf/ ljt/0f u/]sf lyP . sfo{ q mddf Aoa:yfkg ;ldltsf kwflbsf/Lx?, dlxnf :jf:Yo :jod+ ;]ljsfx?, cfdf ;d'xsf ;b:ox?, lzIfs, ljBfyL{x?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf :jf:Yo clws[t elu/y clwsf/Ln] sfo{qmdsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP . sfo{qmd Aoa:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf d]n axfb'/ nfdfsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

;fO{sn ofqL sfe|]df ag] k f÷vf] 6 fª lhNnfsf] lbQm]n ?kfsf]6 dem'jfu9L gu/kflnsf j8f g+= $ sf ;fO{sn cleoGtf ;fO{slni6 s0f{ yfkf sfe|] cfO{k'u]sf 5g\ . lhNnfsf] wflds lty{:yn xn];Laf6 ;fO{sn ofqf z'? u/L g]kfnsf && j6} lhNnf kl/qmdf ug{] ePsf 5g\ . e|i6frf/ Go"lgs/0f ug{ Aoaxf/Ls lzIffsf] cfjZostf eGg] gf/f lnP/ && j6}

lhNnfsf :yfgLo tx, dfWolds ljBfno, pwf]u jfl0fHo ;3+, kqsf/ dxf;3+ nufotsf ;:yfx?nfO{ e]6L pQm :yfgsf] hfgsf/L lng] atfP . @)&% ;fn r}qaf6 z'? u/]sf] ofqf ^ dlxgfdf ;Sg] atfP . ofqf @* j6f lhNnf ;DkGg u/L;s]sf] atfPsf lyP . e|d0f u/]sf lhNnfdf Psbd} ;xof]u ePsfn] afFsL lhNnfdf klg ;xof]u ldNg] atfP .

w' l nv] n ÷g] k fn oftfoft :jtGq dhb'/ ;u+7g w'lnv]n ?6 O{sfO{sf] cfof]hgf / d]l8l;6L xl:k6nsf] ;xof]udf :jf:Yo lzla/ tyf /Qmbfg sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] 5 . lzlj/sf] pb\3f6g ;+u7gsf s]lGb|o cWoIf led Hjfnf /fO{n] u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf af]Nb} /fO{n] ;u+7gsf] s]lGb|o sfo{qmd cGt{ut b]z} e/L dhb'/x?sf] :jf:Yo kl/If0f u/L b'3{6gf Go'lgs/0f cleofgdf nfu]sf] atfPsf lyP . ;jf/L b'3{6gfaf6 hf]uLg klxnf rfns g} :jf:Yo x'g kg{] ePsfn] cleofg z'? ul/Psf] atfP . dhb'/x? ;fdfGo ;d:of x'bfF xl:k6n ghfg] / Ps} k6s 7'nf] /f]u nfu] kl5 hfg] / ;jf/L rnfpFbf rnfpb} la/fdL k/]sf] x'bfF dhb'/x?sf] ljz]if u/L cfFvf,

;'u/, k|];/ / d'6'df a9L ;d:of cfpg] ePsfn] lzla/sf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] atfP . sfo{qmddf /fO{n] ;u+7g dhb'/sf] x/]s ;d:ofdf ;u} /x]sfn] b]z} e/L :jf:Yo kl/If0f nufPtsf x/]s ;d:ofdf ;3fpg] atfP . sfo{qmddf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt k|d'v p4j s]=;L=, ;+u7gsf s]lGb|o dxf;lra gj/fh l3ld/], lhNnf k|x/L k|d'v P;kL ho/fh ;fksf]6f, lhNnf 6«flkms k|d'v bfdf]b/ l;njfn, O{nfsf k|x/L sfof{no ag]kfsf k|d'v lg/~hg e§/fO{ nufPtsf AolQmx?n] pQm sfdsf] k|z+;f u/]sf lyP . lzla/ sfo{qmddf ! ;o %& hgfn] :jf:y kl/If0f u/fPsf lyP eg] $^ hgfn] /Qmbfg u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmdd ;u+7gsf cWoIf ch{'g nfdfsf] ;efkltTjdf / ;lra xf]d axfb'/ >]i7sf] ;~rfngdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

>L c/lgsf] dfWolds ljBfno rf}/L b]p/fnL–%,x/{] 8fF8f, sfe]|knf~rf]s

lzIfs cfjZostf k|ydk6s k|sflzt ldlt M @)&^.@.@^ sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf rf}/L b]p/fnL ufpFkflnsf j8f g+= % l:yt >L c/lgsf] df=lj=sf] k|f=lj= l/Qm b/aGbL cFu|]hL ljifosf] lzIfs lgo'lQm ug{] lj=Jo=;=sf] ldlt @)&^.@.@@ sf] lg0f{o ePsf]n] tkl;nsf] z}lIfs of]Uotf ePsf OR5's JolQmn] b/vf:t k]z ug{'x'g cfJxfg ul/G5 .

kb M k|f=lj= -t[tLo >]0fL_ ;+Vof M ! -Ps_ z}lIfs of]Uotf M :gfts jf ;f] ;/x ljifo M cFu|]hL b/vf:t b:t'/ M ?= !)))÷– ;]jfsf] k|s[lt M c:yfoL s/f/ b/vf:t lbg] clGtd ldlt M @)&^.#.* 5gf}6 k|lqmof M lnlvt / cGtjf{tf{ b/vf:t lbg'kg{] :yfg M ljBfno tna M g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]adf]lhd cGt{jftf{ M lnlvt k/LIffsf] glthf kZrft k]z ug{'kg{] cfjZos sfuhkqx? M – g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk – z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk -s'g} Ps txsf]_ – cWofkg cg'dlt kqsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk – lg/f]lutfsf] k|df0fkq ljz]if u|fXotf M blnt, hghflt, dlxnf ckf+u cGo ;Dks{ kmf]g g+= (*$(&!#*&* -k|=c=_, (*$)@^$!@^, (&$!@!&(^! -lj=Jo=c_

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r]i6f ;fKtflxs

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kfyLe/f ofqfsf] ;Demgf ;a}n] .

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ef]ln ljxfg glhs} ePsf] lrof bf]sfgdf uO{ s]lx kmf]6f] x? lvrL kfyLe/ftkm{ nfUof}+ . Onfdaf6 kfFry/sf] lkmlbd ahf/ tfKn]h'ªsf ahf/ tyf af6f]df kg{] ahf/x? ;'s]6f/ Po/kf]6{ x'Fb} kfyLe/fsf] 8fF8f]sf] km]b;Dd uf8Laf6 k'Uof}+ . tfKn]h'ª ahf/af6 nueu !&÷!* ls=dL= sRrL af6f] /x]5 . af6f] agfpFb} /x]sf] b]Vof}+ . tNnf] km]bL / dflyNnf] km]bL eGg] a:tLx? /x]5g\ . xfdL @ 306f hlt psfnf] pSnL dflyNnf] km]bLsf] emfkfnL xf]6ndf af; a:of}+ . z'qmaf/ ef]lnkN6 dfO{ kfyLe/fsf] bz{g ug{]sf] 3'OFrf] g} lyof] . xfdL a;]sf] emfkfnL xf]6ndf ! ;o hgf hltsf] ofq'x?sf] hd36sf] af; lyof] . Zofd eg] uLtdf s]6Lsf] ;fy kfpg vf]Hb} uLt ufpg] t/v/df ;'t]sf] lyPg . xfdL eg] ;'Tof}+ . ef]lnkN6 ljxfg # ah] g} psfnf] pSng nfUof}+ . psfnf]df hfg ;lhnf]sf] nflu l;F9L agfO/fv]sf] / 7fpF7fpFdf ysfO{ d]6\g a:g] rf}tf/f]x?, kfgLsf] Joj:yf ul//fv]sf] x]b{} a:b } ysfO{ d]6\b} # ah] psfnf] pSn]sf] xfdL ^ ah] dfly kfyLe/f dfO{sf] dlGb/df k'Ug ;kmn eof}+ . kfyLe/f dfO{sf] :yfg tfKn]h'ª lhNnfsf] kmslnª ufpFkflnsfdf /x]sf] 5 . dfO{sf] bz{gdf hfgsf] ;'ljwfsf] nflu uf8L 5f]8]/ psfnf] pSng ;'?b]lv dfly dfO{sf] :yfg dlGb/;Dd g} 9'+ufsf] l;+9L agfO{ l;+9Lsf] s]lx km/sdf psfnf] pSnFbf ysfO{ d]6fpg a:g] rf}tf/f]x? To:t} vfg]kfgLsf] ;'Joj:yf klg 5g\ . dlGb/ k'Ug} nfUb fdf ;of}+ 306x? af6f]sf] b'j}tkm{ bfofF afofF e'm08ofP/ /fv]sf /x]5g\ . 306 ahfpFb} dlGb/ k'Uof}+ . dlGb/df r9fO/fv]sf l;Ssfx? 8«ddf el/g nfu]sf] /x]5 . gf]6x? ! xhf/, % ;o / ! ;o sf / ;fgf d"Nosf gf]6x? t emg} c;/Nn oqtq g} kfof}+ . kfyLe/f dfO{sf] dlGb/df kfyLdf e/]/ r9fpg] eGg] ;'g]sf] lyPF . t/ Tof] b]v]gf}+ . n]n] kfyLe/fdf rflxF kfyLdf wfg e/L wfg dfly wfg 5f]Kg] u/L l;Ssf tyf gf]6x? /fvL

bflh{lnË / l;lSsd xfd|f] b]z, t/ xfd|f] b]z eGg' dfq . bflh{lnË / l;lSsddf xfd|f] g]kfnL efiff rNg] af]Ng] xfdLn] s]lx cfkm"nfO{ lrQ a'em\bf] ;fdfg lsGg eg] xfd|f] gf]6 grNg] . o;n] xfdLnfO{ xLgtf af]w eof] . r9fpg] ub{5g\ . 3/af6 PskfyL wfg / @ dfgf rfdn nu]sf lyof}+ . kfyLdf g/fvL g} r9fOlbof}+ . dfO{ kfyLe/fsf] k|;fbaf/] k"hfxf/L ;Fu ;f]wL s]xL ?k}ofF /flv dfq k|;fb lng' eg]s]f em} u/] . dfO{ kfyLe/f sxfF afv|fsf] kf7L anL k"hf ug{] k/Dk/f /x]5 . af]sf] anL k"hf klg ubf{ /x]5g\ . k/]sf] hf]8L r9fpg] klg rng /x]5 . *)÷*% jif{ pd]/ k'u]sf j[4, a[4f;d]tn] kfyLe/f dfO{sf] bz{g u/]sf] kfof}+ . psfnf] r9\g ufx|f]sf] t s] s'/f u/f}+ < Pp6f cfF6 / ljZjf;n] klg k'Ug ;Sg] /x]5g\ . dfO{ kfyLe/fsf] dlGb/sf] k;nx?df dlb/fhGo kbfy{ kbfy{ /S;L hfF8 lgif]w ul/Psf] kfof}+ . of] eg] clt v';Lsf] s'/f eof] . )&^ j}zfv @* ut] zlgjf/ ljxfg dfO{sf] bz{g u/L kmSof{}+ / k'gM emfkfnL xf]6ndf vfgf vfO{ kmSof{}+ . ;fydf emfkfnL xf]6nsf ;fx'gL / alxgL klg tfKn]h'ª ;Dd hfg] u/L xfd|f] uf8Ldf cfOg / tfKn]h'ª gk'u'Gh]n;Dd Zofd / dfwjsf] uLt sfo{qmd eP . tL xfdL;Fu uf8Ldf cfpg] s]6Lx?n] klg uLtdf ;fy lbOg\ . tfKn]h'ª ahf/ k'u]kl5 ltgLx? cf]n{] . xfdL eg] /ftL ca]/ k'gM Onfddf af; a:g k'Uof}+ . csf{] ljxfg ;a]/} Onfddf d]rL lrof 5'kL{ Onfd]nL rSn]6 cflb lsgL bflh{lnª, l;lSsd hfg kfyLe/fsf] hohosf/ ub{} x'FOlsof}+ . bflh{lnª k'uL Ps 306f hlt dfq ToxfFsf] Jo:t kfs{df 8'nL l;lSsd tkm{ nfUof}+ . bflh{lnËsf] af6f]sf] bfofFafofFsf] agdf k|foM w"kLsf ?vx? / tn l6:6f glb k'Ug j];Llt/ eg] ;fnsf ?vx? /x]5g\ . l6:6f gbL k'u]kl5 klxn] klxn] xfd|f] b]zsf] l;dfgf oxfF;Dd /x]sf] t/ clxn] eg] d]rL gbL ;Dddf lrQf a'emfpg' k¥of] . To:t} klZrdtkm{ sfFu8f;Dd clxn]

dxfsfnL;Dd dfq . dxfsfnL gbLsf] kfgL klg ef/tsf] clwgdf /x]s]f kfof}+ . of] b'Mvsf] s'/f lyof] . bflh{lnË hfg / l;lSsd hfg k|j]z kfpg xfdL r9]sf] df]6/ uf8L xfdLn] af]s]sf emf]nfx?sf] r]shfFr ul/ dfq k|j]zf1f kfpg] . bflh{lnË / l;lSsd xfd|f] b]z, t/ xfd|f] b]z eGg' dfq . bflh{lnË / l;lSsddf xfd|f] g]kfnL efiff rNg] af]Ng] xfdLn] s]lx cfkm"nfO{ lrQ a'em\bf] ;fdfg lsGg eg] xfd|f] gf]6 grNg] . o;n] xfdLnfO{ xLgtf af]w eof] . l;lSsdsf] rf/wfd 8'Nof}+ x]¥of}+ . kmf]6f]x? lvRof}+ / /dfOnf] nfUof] . a'wkfs{ k'Uof}+ . ToxfF klg x]¥of}+ 8'Nof}+ /fd|f] nfUof] . If0fIf0fdf k|fs[lts cj:yf cbnabn ePsf] kfof}+ . h:tf] xfdL k'Ubf 3fd nflu/x]sf] / s]lx If0fdf kfgL k¥of] . kl5 s]lx If0fd} kfgL /Xof] / afbn cfO{ s]lx gb]lvg] k|fs[lts cbnabn kfof}+ . rf/ wfddf / a'w kfs{df klg /d0fLo kxf8sf] pRr efudf a'wsf] ljxf/ a'waf/] alg{6 rlr{t leQ] lrqx? cfsif{s ?kn] lrq0f ul//fv]sf] kfof}+ . s]lx clns km/sdf Pp6f ahf/ /x]5 . ahf/sf] gfd /fgLahf/ /x]5g\ .

Tolx af; eof] . ef]ln ljxfg b]lv g} l;lSsdsf] /fhwfgL ufGtf]stkm{ nfUof}+, ufGtf]sdf k'lu ufGwL kfs{ gk'Ub}sf] xf]6ndf To; lbgsf] vfgf vfof}+ . ufGtf]s ahf/ lbgel/ 8'Nof}+ . Jo:t ahf/ /x]5 . xl/z/0fn] ufGtf]ssf] ufGwL ahf/df s]lx cfFvfsf] cf}iflw klg lsg] . s]a'nsf/ /x]5 . s]a'nsf/df a;L 6f9f 6f9f ;Ddsf] k|fs[lts /d0fLo b[io cjnf]sg u¥of}+ . ef]ln ljxfg ufGtf]s ahf/sf] afOafO{sf ;fy O6x/Ldf af; a;L csf{] lbg ;ftfsf] e|d0f / kfyLe/f dfO{sf] bz{g e|d0f cGt u¥of}+ . ;a}sf] ;'v xf]pg\ . c:t" . ag]kf, r08]Zj/L

xflb{s awfO{

g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf s]lGb|o ;b:o Pj+ xfd|f cfb/0fLo bfh" ;'/s[i0f j}B l/nfoG; kmfOgfG;sf] sfo{;ldlt ;b:o kbdf lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf]df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub{} sfo{sfn ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no w'lnv]n sfe|]knf~rf]s

u0fs / ;'k/Lj]Ifs cfjZostf ;DjGwL ;"rgf k|yd k6s ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt @)&^.@.@* ul/j 3/kl/jf/ klxrfg tyf kl/rokq ljt/0f ;DjGwL sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ j9Ldf %-kf+r_ dlxgfsf] nfuL b]xfojdf]lhdsf of]Uotf k'u]sf ;'kl/j]Ifs / u0fsx?sf] cfjZostf k/]sf] x'+bf of] ;"rgf sfof{nodf k|yd k6s k|sflzt ldltn] !%-kGw|_ lbgsf] sfof{no ;do leqtf] lsPsf] 9fFrfdf b/vf:t cfJxfg ul/G5 . qm=;+ kb dfu ;+Vof != ;'\k/Lj]Ifs ! hgf @= u0fs & hgf cfjfZosGo"gtd of]Uotf M -!_ ;'kl/j]Ifs kbsf nflu dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfjf6 tYof+s zf:q jf hg;+Vof jf cy{zf:q jf ul0ft ljifo ;lxt s'g} ljifodf slDtdf :gftsjf ;f] ;/x ptL{0f u/]sf] / sDKo"6/ ;DjGwL cfwf/e't 1fg ePsf] .

-@_ u0fs kbsf nflu dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfjf6 tYof+s zf:q jf hg;+Vof jf cy{zf:q jf ul0ft ljifo ;lxt s'g} ljifodf slDtdf k|df0fkq txjf ;f] ;/x ptL0f{ u/]sf] / sDKo'6/ ;DjGwL cfwf/e"t 1fg ePsf] .

-#_ pd]/ !* jif{ k'/f eO{ $) jif{ ggf3]sf] .

-$_ w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf leqsf] jfl;GbfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{g] 5 . sfd ug'{ kg]{ If]q Mw'lnv]n gu/kflnsf leqsf] h'g;'s} j8f leq . tnjeQf M ul/a kl/jf/ klxrfgtyf kl/rokq ljt/0f lgb]{lzsf @)&% n] tf]s] jdf]lhd . kl/Iffsf] lsl;d M cGt{jftf{ tyf sDKo'6/ k|of]ufTds kl/Iff . b/vf:t lbg] clGtd ldlt M @)&^ c;f/ !) ut] leq . b/vf:t b:t'/ M ? %)).)) kl/Iff ldlt M ;Dks{ ldltsf lbg tf]lsg] 5 . ;Dks{ ldlt M @)&^ c;f/ !! ut] lbgsf] !!= jh] w'=g=kf= sfof{no . k]z ug'{ kg]{ cfjZos sfuhftx? M -s_ gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnkL -v_ P;=Pn=l;= jf ;f] ;/xsf] / ;f] eGbf dflysf] z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk -u_ cg'ej eP ;f]sf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnkL -3_ @ k|lt kf;kf]6{ ;fO{hsf] kmf]6f] o; ;DjGwL cGo yk hfgsf/L cfjfZos ePdf w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf ul/j 3/ klxrfg tyf kl/rokq ljt/0f ;Dks{ JolQmaf6 hfgsf/L lng ;lsg] 5 .

w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf sfof{no w'lnv]n, sfe|]af6

;f“w ;“lwof/sf] gfddf hf/L ul/Psf] ;"rgf ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)&^.@÷#)

sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf j8f g+= $ a:g] p4jk|;fb ltdlN;gfsf] gfddf btf{ sfod /x]sf] sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf ;fljs >Lv08k'/ ^ xfn w'=g=kf=– $ sf] ls=g+= @)!%, @)!*, &$%, &$^ / *&@, *(& sf] If]=km= !–!!–#–! df 3/ gS;f kf; ug{ o; gu/kflnsfdf ldlt @)&%÷!)÷@% df gS;f ;lxt lgj]bg btf{ u/fO{ ldlt @)&%÷!)÷@% df ;+lwof/sf] gfddf ;lGw ;k{g kg]{÷gkg]{ ;DalGw !% lbg] ;'rgf 6fF; / ldlt @)&^÷)@÷@& df ;ft lbg] ;"rgf 6fF; ubf{ ;d]t klZrd tkm{sf ls=g+= *&# sf] hUuf wgL /hgL >]i7 pQm ;'rgf 6fF;sf] j]nf pkl:yt g/x]sf] ;fy} xfn ;Dd ;Flwof/n] ;xL gu/]sf] b]lvPsf]n] of] @! lbg] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . o;df tkfO{nfO{ jf c? s;}nfO{ kL/ dsf{ ;lGw ;k{g kg]{ ePdf o; gu/kflnsf sfof{nodf @! lbg leq lnlvt ph'/L ;lxt ;Dks{ ug{ cfpg'xf]nf cGoyf lgodfg';f/ eOhfg] hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 .

xflb{s awfO{

lj1fg wf}uf]8f cWoIf Pj+

sfe|] o'jf pBdL d~r kl/jf/, sfe|] sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf v]ns"b ljsf; ;ldlt sfe|]knf~rf]s

;"rgf ;"rgf ;"rgf /fli6«o v]ns"b kl/ifb\ cGtu{t # g+= k|b]z v]ns"b kl/ifb\sf] r=g+= &%÷)&^ ldlt @)&^.@.!) ut]sf] kqfg';f/ kl/ifb\af6 csf{] kq k|fKt geP;Dd lhNnf :t/Lo v]ns"b k|ltof]lutf cfof]hgf gug{' x'gsf nflu hfgsf/L cfPsf] x'Fbf ldlt @)&^.#.! b]lv ^ ut];Dd ;+rfng x'g] elgPsf] lhNnf :t/Lo !! cf}+ /fi6«klt /lgË lzN8 5gf}6 k|ltof]lutf xfnsf] nflu :ylut ul/Psf] Joxf]/f ;a} lhNnfl:yt gu/ tyf ufpFkflnsf, ljBfno, v]nf8L / 5fq5fqfx?nfO{ o;} ;"rgf4f/f hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . ;lrtfgGb s]=;L= cWoIf lhNnf v]ns"b ljsf; ;ldlt, sfe|]

g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf s]lGb|o ;b:o ;'/s[i0f j}B l/nfoG; kmfOgfG;sf] sfo{;ldlt ;b:o kbdf lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf]df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub{} sfo{sfn ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

/fh]zs'df/ >]i7 sDkgL lgb{]zs Pj+

l;Gw'–x]nDa' oftfoft ;]jf k|f=ln= kl/jf/, sfe|]

xflb{s awfO{

shf{ r'Qmf ug]{ af/]sf] cToGt h?/L ;"rgf k|yd k6s k|sflzt ldlt M @)&%÷)@÷#)

o; ;Dj[4 sfe|] s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf lnld6]8 ag]kf–&, -;fljssf] lnv'8f]n s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf lnld6]8–!),_ df shf{ lnO{ s/f]jf/ ug'{x'g] ;b:ox?dWo] s]lx C0fLx?n] shf{ ltg]{ ;dodf shf{ gltg]{ tyf ;+:yf;Fusf] ;Dks{df ;d]t gcfO{/xg' ePsf]df o; ;+:yfaf6 ljleGg lzif{sdf shf{ lng' ePsf C0fL ;b:ox?n] of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] & lbgleq ;+:yfdf cfO{ cfkm\gf] shf{ /sdsf] ;fFjf, Aofh;lxt r'Qmf ug'{x'g cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ . obL ;+:yfn] lbPsf] ;doleq ;+:yfsf] ;Dks{df gcfPdf tLg k':t] ljj/0f;lxt /fli6«o :t/sf] b}lgs klqsfdf 5flkg] hfgsf/L u/fpFb} ;f] ;"rgfaf6 s;}nfO{ c;/ kg{ uPdf ;+:yf hjfkmb]lx gx'g] ;d]t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 .

;Dj[4 sfe|] s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf lnld6]8 ag]kf–&, sfe|], ;Dks{ M )!!–^^##&%, ^^$!^^

xfd|f cfTdLo ldq kgf}tL % wg]Zj/ lgjf;L ljj]s ltdlN;gf kfFrvfn g=kf= @ cg}sf]6 lgjf;L eflu/yL bfxfn;Fu j}jflxs ;DaGw ;'? ug{' ePsf]df xflb{s awfO{ Pj+ ;kmn bfDkTo hLjgsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

;fyLx?

8f= u0f]z aGhf/f ltns 8f]6]n

;'dg uf}td lbkf ;Tofn

^

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

sl[if cfwl'gsLs/0f ;DaGwL cGtl{qmof gfnf÷/fli6«o s[ifs lba;sf] cj;/df >L dx]Zj/L s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf lnld6]8 ag]kf g =kf $ n] s[ifs ;+u la1 eGg] Ph]08f ;lxt s[lif cfw'lgls/0f / afnL ;DalGw cGt{qm{Lof sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . sfoq{mdsf,] kd|v ' cltyL sl[if 1fg sG]› sfes |] f clwst[ kh ' g hu+d ,cltyL agk] g=kf sf sl[if kf|lalws ds ' G'b s=];L gk]fn aLp lahg Jofj;flo ;3+ # g= kb|z ] dxf;lrj /dufk]fn vqL, nufotn] si[fsx?af6 cfPsf kZ|g / lh1f;fx?sf af/d]f afN]b} sl[if 1fg sG]› sfes |] f clwst[ kh ' g hu+dn] o; lsl;dsf] sfoq{mdn] ls;fg cled'lvs/0f nufot Jofj;flos cfwl'gs sl[if k0|ffnLdf 7n " f] ofu]bfg xg'] sl[if ;u+

;DalGwt, kz,' kG5L, aLp, laiffbL, lagf nuotsf] so{ ;:+yfn] ug]{ hdsf{] u/s ] fd]f wGoafb lbPsf lyP . ls;fgsf] gt]T[j sl[if ;xsf/Ln] ug'{ cfhsf] cfjZoQf ;dt] ePsfn ] ] cfufdL lbgdf dxZ]j/L sl[if ;xsf/Ln] ub}{ hfcf;] si[fL 1fg sG]bn] | ;xofu] ug{ tof/ /xs ] f] atfPsf lyP . s[ i fsnfO cg' b fg nuoft pknlAwd'ns tflndx? cfjZos kg{] x'Fbf ;xsfo{ ul/ cufl8 a9\g] k|lta4tf ;d]t JoQm u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf /fdz/0f ahufO{ , gf/fo0f bjf8L , ;Gtf]if k/fh'nL /fh' Gof}kfg] , xl/z/0f bfxfn nufotn] lh1f;f /fv]sf lyP . sfo{qmd ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf cWoIf Zofd ;fksf]6fsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

sfe]| SofDk;df lgMzN's bGt lzla/ ag]kf÷xfd|f] ;fdflhs ;d'xsf] cfof]hgf sfe|] ax'd'vL SofDk;sf] ;xof]u / w'lnv]n c:ktfn bGtlrlsT;s ljefusf] k|fljlws ;xof]udf lgz'Ns bGt lzla/ ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . lzla/sf] pb\ 3 f6g w' l nv] n c:ktn bGt lrlsT;s k|d'v 8f s'df/ dxfGtn] u/]sf lyP . dxfGtn] o:tf lzla/x? ;do ;dodf 7fpF7fpFdf c:ktfnn] ul//x]sf] atfP . c:ktfn Ps}n] klg ub{] cfPsf] / ljleGg ;3+ ;:yfx? ;u ;d]t ub{] cfPsf]n] ;fdflhs sfd

ug{' g{] ;a}sf] st{Ao ePsf] atfP . sfo{qmddf dxfGtfn] :jf:Yo dflg;sf] ;a} eGbf 7'nf] wg ePsfn] klxnf] k|fyldstf :jf:YonfO{ lbg ;'emfa lbP . sfo{qmddf SofDk;sf ;~rfns ;ldtL cWoIf nDaf]b/ sfo:y, SofDk; k|d'v s]hL a}bf/ nufPtn] ;fdflhs sfdsf] k|z+;f AoQm u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf SofD;sf ljBfyL{x/sf] bGt kl/If0f ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmd xfd|f] ;fdflhs ;d'xsf pkfWoIf lagf]b >]i7sf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

jif{ @% c+s #@ @)&^ h]7 #) ut] ljxLjf/

Pg KofA;gdf /fd k|;fb ag]kf÷ Pg KofA;gsf] bf];|f] lhNnf clwa]zgaf6 /fd k|;fb ltdlN;gfsf] cWoIftfdf gofF sfo{;ldtL rog ePsf] 5 . ;ldtLsf] pkfWoIfdf c]lws]z ;lra ljb'/ e08f/L sf]iffWoIf ;fhg l3ld/] ;x ;lra ;'o{ kf}8\ofn / ;b:ox?df /d]z 3f]/;fO{g] lt;{gf s'df/ df]Qmfg /x]sf 5g\ . clwa]zgs] pb\3f6g Pg KofA;gsf s]lGb|o ;b:o ch{'g a~hf/fn] u/]sf lyP . a~hf/fn] ;fgf nfuflgsf

af]l8Ëx?nfO{ /fHon] ;+/If0f ug{' kg{] atfP .

7'nfnfO{ Pp6f / ;fgf nfO{ csf{] gu/L Ps} k|sf/sf] Aaoafxf/ ug{' kg{] atfP . sfo{qmddf cWoIfsf] sfo{kq k|Zt't /fd k|;fb uf}tdn] /fv]sf lyP eg] jflif{s k|lta]bg ;lra cUgL k|;fb 1fjfnLn] /fv]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf cfly{s k|lta]bg sf]ifWoIf /fd k|;fb ltdlN;gfn] /fv]sf lyP eg] sfo{qmdsf] ;efkltTj cWoIf /fdk|;fb uf}tdn] u/]sf lyP .

cGt/fli6«o of]u lbj; dgfpg ;ldlt u7g ag]kf÷;+o'Qm /fi6 ;+3n] k|To]s jif{sf] h'g @! tfl/vnfO{ cGt/fli6«o of]u lbj; dgfpg] lg0f{o u/] kZrft sfe|] lhNnfdf klg ;f] lbgnfO{ of]u lbj;sf] ?kdf eJo ?kdf dgfpb} cfPsf] 5 . o;} ;Gb{edf o; jif{ klg sfe|] lhNnfdf of]u lbj; dgfpg kt+hnL of]u ;ldlt g]kfnsf s]lGb|o ;b:o P+j k|b]z g+= # sf k|d'v u|f]ljg tf}hn]sf] pkl:yltdf ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?, /fw] /fw], ç zfGtL, x+;bf cf>d, g]kfn of]u v]ns'b ;ldltaf6

k|ltlglw x'g]u/L kt+hnL of]u ;ldlt sfe|]sf cWoIf bdg s'df/ >]i7sf] cWoIftfdf cGt/fli6«o of]u lbj; ;ldlt sfe|]sf] u7g ul/Psf] 5 . ;ldltdf /fhg clwsf/L, /fh' >]i7, sdnf /fhe08f/L, s]zj af]nv], k"ik/fd sdf{rfo{, /fduf]kfn >]i7, lx/fsfhL >]i7 / cGo of]u s]Gb|sf ;+of]hsx? ;b:o /xg] ePsf 5g\ . pQm cj;/sf] pknIodf cfiff9 % ut] z'qmaf/ of]u ejg w'lnv]ndf a[xt sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/g] ;d]t lg0f{o ul/Psf] of]u ;fws ldng >]i7n] atfP .

nfsf]h'sf] ;fyL ahf/df kgf} t L÷;flxTosf/ ;' o { k | ; fb nfsf]h'sf] gofF afn sljtf ;ªu|x ;fyL k|sflzt ePsf] 5 . g]kfnL efif /;flxTodf snd rnfpb} cfPsf slj nfsf]h'sf] ;fyL afnsljtf ;ªu|x leq !@ j6f sljtfx? /x]sf 5g\ . sljtfsf zAbx? ;/n, ljleGg ljifodf

n]vLPsf sljtfx?df b]z k|]d, k|ls[tL k|]d ;:s[ltnfO{ dfof ug{' kg{} nufPtsf /x]sf 5g\ . sljtf lgaGw ljBfdf snd rnfpb} g]kfnL ;flxTonfO{ @! j6f s[lt lbO{;s]sf nfsf]h'n] jfn ;flxTsf dfq kfFrj6f s[lt /x]sf 5g\ . pQm sl[t as ' cf6{ gk]fnn] ks | flzt u/s ] f] ljsg'f/fo0f tfdf|sf/n] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ .

ag]kf gu/kflnsf ( g+= j8f sfof{nosf]

;"rgf ag]kf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ag]kf– * sfe|] kmf]g g+M )!!–^^)$^@, )!!–^(!#%!

afFsL aSof}tf ltg{ a'emfpg cfpg] ;DaGwL

!% -kG3|_ lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;'rgf

;"rgf ;"rgf

ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f g+= ( sf] cf=j= )&^÷)&& sf] nflu of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd ;+sng lgDg ldlt, ;do / :yfgdf x'g] j8f e]nfdf ;Dk"0f{ j8fjf;Lx?nfO{ pkl:yltsf nflu xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5' . ;fy} ;f] e]nfdf cfcfkm\gf] 6f]n, :yfgsf] of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx? lnlvt ?kdf k]z ug{x'g ;d]t cg'/f]w ul/G5 . sfo{qmd ldlt M @)&^.#.$ ut] a'waf/ ;do M ljxfg ^M#) ah] :yfg M ( g+= j8f sfof{nosf] ejg z]/axfb'/ ;'jfn j8fcWoIf

k|yd k|sflzt ldlt @)&^÷)@÷#) tklznsf C0fLx?n] o; ;+:yfaf6 shf{ sf/f]af/ ubf{ u/]sf] ;Demf}tf adf]lhd ;dodf a'emfpg' kg]{ ;fFjf, Aofh, xh{gf nufot cGo b:t'/ tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ga'emfPsf]n] af/Daf/ kqrf/, 6]lnkmf]g ;Dks{ tyf AolQmut e]63f6 ul/ t/tfs]tf ubf{ klg cfn6fn dfq ul/ / ;+:yf;+u u/]sf] ;Demf}tfdf pNn]lvt zt{ aGb]hx? pNn3+g u/]sf] / a'emfpg' kg]{ ;fFjf, Aofh, xh{gf nufPtsf cGo b:t'/ tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ga'emfO{ afsL /fVg gldNg] ePsf]n] o; ;+:yfaf6 lnPsf] shf{sf] a'emfpg afsL ;Dk'0f{ /sd of] ;'rgf k|sflzt ePsf] !% lbg leq ;+:yfdf pkl:yt e} r'Qmf ul/ a'emfpg' xf]nf . ;fy} lwQf] ;'/If0f wgLx?n] klg C0fLx?nfO{ ptm cjlw leq r'Qmf ug{ nufpg' xf]nf . C0fLx?n] ptm cjlw leq afsL /sd r'Qmf gu/]df ;xsf/L P]g @)$*, ;xsf/L lgodfjnL @)$(, o; ;+:yfsf] lalgod tyf C0f c;'nL lgodfjnL @)^( / cGo k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd lwQf] :j?k lbg'ePsf] crn ;Dklt lnnfd a9fa9sf] ;'rgf k|sflzt ul/ afFsL /sd c;'n pk/ ul/g] Aoxf]/f ;DalGwt C0fL tyf lwQf] wgLx?nfO{ hfgsf/Lsf] nflu of] ;'rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 .

C0fLsf] gfd, y/, atg gfd M /fdk|;fb l;Nksf/ a'af M k+rnfn l;Nksf/ ;;'/f M b'uf{bf; l;Nksf/ 7]ufgf M ag]kf –% ;b:o g+ M ))!(# gfd M a;Gt/fd /fjt afa' M u+uf/fd /fjt Affh] M bnaxfb'/ /fjt 7]ufgf M pu|r08L– ! ;b:o g+ M ))**@

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lwtf] ;'/If0f afkt Jofj;flos shf{

xfo/kr]{h shf{ btf{ g+ M BA 23 PA 5127 OlGhg g+ M DSGBNG 28136 Rofl;; g+ M MD 2 DSDSZZNCG 49036 Dff]8]n M DISCOVER ag]sf] jif{ M 2006

k;n ljqmLdf ag]kfdf rfn' cj:yfdf /x]sf] :6]zg/L k;n ljz]if sf/0fjz ljqmLdf

;Dks{ M (*$!%@@)**

hGd M @))!.!.@)

cbfntsf] ckx]ngf

dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]sdf sfo{/t dfnkf]t clws[t ljgf]b sf]O{/fnfnfO{ ;]jf cjwL ! jif{ eGbf sd /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;'ljwf / ;Gt'ngsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 ;?jf tyf /dfgf lbPsf] eGb} ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] pTk|]0f lgj]bgsf] 6'Ëf] gnfUbf;Dd ;?jf tyf /dfgf glbg' eGg] cfb]z ljk/Lt dfnkf]t sfof{no l;Gw'nL ;?jf u/]sf] 5 . klxnf] k6s cbfntn] @)&% kmfu' ^ ut] e"dL Aoj:yf ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL lgjf/0f dGqfno ;d]tnfO{ lbPsf] lyof] eg] bf]>f] cfb]z @)&^ ;fn h]i7 @ ut] lbPsf] 5 . t/ klg dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]sf tTsflng k|d'v ;'lznf kf}8\ofn 9sfn / h]i7 * ut] xflh/ ePsf w|'j{k|;fb sf]O{/fnfn] cbfntsf] cfb]z ljk/Lt /dfgfsf nflu bafa lbPsf 5g\ . lbPsf] lhDd]jf/Laf6 x6fpFb} tna ;d]t /f]Ssf ug{] r]tfjgL lbPsf 5g\ . k|d'v dfnkf]t clws[t sf]O{/fnfn] dflysf] cfb]zdf cfkm'n] To;f] u/]sf] atfpFb} cbfntsf] ;Ddfg ug{] hfgsf/L lbP . cbfntsf] cfb]zsf] sfof{Gjog gu/]sf] eGb} sd{rf/Lx?sf] cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogn] klg dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]sf k|d'v sf]O{/fnfsf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf] 5 .

kg'lgd{f0{fdf================================ lbg] lg0f{o u/]sf] cfof]hgf k|d'v nf]sgfy /]UdLn] hfgsf/L lbP . ;ldltn] @)&^ cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd klxnf] ls:tf lng cg'/f]w u/]sf] 5 . pQm ;dofjwLdf glnPdf nfeu|flx ;"rLaf6 x6fpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . @)&% sflt{s d;fGt;Dd k|yd ls:tf lnO{ bf]>f] ls:tf @)&^ sflt{s d;fGt leq ;Dd lnO{;Sg :yfgLo txnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg] / pQm ;dofjwL leq glnPdf nfeu|flx ;"rLaf6 x6fpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . ;xeflux?n] ca nfeu|flx yKg] eGbf klg x6fpg] cleofgdf nfUg ;'emfj lbPsf lyP . @)&^ kmfu'g d;fGt leq 3/ lgdf{0f ;DkGg u/L t]>f] ls:tf lnO{ ;Sg' kg{] u/L :yfgLo txnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg] / Tof] ;dofjwL leq 3/ lgdf{0f ;DkGg gePdf nfeu|flx ;"rLaf6 x6fpg /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fnfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . a}7sn] e'sDkaf6 tTsflng lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] ejg tyf lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nosf] ejg lgdf{0fsf nflu k"jf{wf/ ljsf; sfof{nonfO{ cg'/f]w ug{] lg0f{o ePsf] 5 . /fli6«o /fhdfu{sf] dfkb08sf] xsdf l8lehg ;8s sfof{nonfO{ tyf :yfgLo ;8ssf] xsdf :yfgLo txx? ;f]lx l;kmfl/; ug{] lg0f{o ePsf] 5 . clGtd k6s k'g{hfFr ug{' cl3 k'g{;e{] ug{] gfdfjnL l;kfml/; j8f, gkf, ufkfaf6 l;kmfl/; eP kl5 dfq k'g{ ;e{] ug{' kg{] eP klg To:tf] gePsfn] af:tljs e'sDk kLl8tx?sf] dfq} ;e{] ug{ O{lGhlgo/x?nfO{ lgb{]zg lbg] lg0f{o ePsf] 5 . nfeu|flxaf6 k|anLs/0f / k|anLs/0faf6 nfeu|flxdf kl/jt{g ug{ rfxg]x?nfO{ c;f]h d;fGt;Ddsf] ;dofjwL lbO{Psf] 5 . k"0f{ Ifltdf nfeu|flx eO{ 3/ lgdf{0f u/]sf] t/ k'/fgf] 3/d} al;/x]sfx?n] hf]lvdo'Qm 3/ tTsfn eTsfpg nufpg :yfgLo txnfO{ cg'/f]w ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt sfe|]sf k|d'v p4j s];Lsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg lhNnf :t/Lo cGt{lqmof sfo{qmddf ;xefuLx?n] e'sDk kl5sf] k'glg{df{0fdf OlGhlgo/x? / k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fs} km/s km/s gLltsf sf/0f ;d:of ef]u]sf] atfPsf lyP . sfo{qmdd ;f+;b\x? u+ufaxfb'/ bf]Ë / gljgf nfdf, k|b]z ;ef ;b:o /Tg 9sfn / rGb| nfdf, g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3sf cWoIf Pj+ w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf k|d'v czf]s Aof~h', d08g b]pk'/ gu/kflnsf k|d'v 6f]saxfb'/ jfO{jf, kgf}tL gu/kflnsf k|d'v led Gof}kfg], dxfef/t ufpFkflnsf k|d'v sfG5fnfn lhDaf, d08g b]pk'/ gu/kflnsf pkk|d'v lgd{nf zflx, ag]kf gu/kflnsf pkk|d'v /]vf ;fksf]6f bfxfn, kfFrvfn gu/kflnsf pkk|d'v nIdL bg'jf/ nufot :yfgLo ;/sf/ k|ltlglwx?, k|d'v k|zf;lso clws[tx?, e'sDk ;Fu ;DjlGwt OlGhlgo/x?, kmf]sn k;{g, /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwx?, u};;sf cWoIf nufotsf AolQmx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{sf k|d'v nf]sgfy /]lUd, ejgsf k|d'v dxfnIdL hf]zL, lzIff k|d'v åfl/sf k|;fb kf]v/]n / g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 sfe|] zfvfsf cWoIf df]tL/fd ltdlN;gfn] e'sDk kl5sf] lghL cfjf; lgdf{0fdf ePsf kl5Nnf ultljlwx?sf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP . h]i7 d;fGt;Dd lbPsf] clGtd k6ssf] nfeu|flx ;"rLdf af:tljs e'sDk kLl8tx? g5'6fpg cg'/f]w u/]sf lyP . ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v k|zf;lso clws[t ef]h/fh l3ld/]n] ef]6sf]] /fhgLlt eP;Dd gf]6sf] /fhgLlt g;lsg] atfP . hgk|ltlglwx?n] ef]6sf] /fhgLlt gu/L af:tljs e'sDk kLl8tx?nfO{ ;dfj]z ul/lbg l3ld/]n] cg'/f]w u/] . sfo{qmddf ;xeflux?n] kmhL{ e'sDk kLl8tx?n] nfeu|flx x'g glbg hgk|ltlgwL g} lhDd]jf/ x''g'kg{] cfof]hgf OsfO{sf k|d'v /]lUdn] atfP . 9'+uf df6f]n] ag]sf] 3/ k"0f{ Iflt g} xf] eGg] ;/sf/sf] lg0f{o eP klg k|alns/0f gePsf] atfP . 3/ lrl/Psf] 5, dd{tdf k/]sf] klg 5}g, # k6s u'gf;f] el/;Sbf klg nfeu|flx x'g g;s]sf] u'gf;f] u/] .

:juf{/f]x0f M @)&^.@.@% :j= b]js'df/L yfkf

Jofj;flos shf{

g]skf ag]kf g=kf= % g+= j8fsf ;+ul7t ;b:o l;tf/fd yfkf tyf z'elrGts afns[i0f yfkfsf] ddtfdoL dftf b]js'df/L yfkfsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf] x'Fbf d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

Jofj;flos shf{

g]skf ag]kf gu/ % g+= j8f sld6L kl/jf/, ag]kf %, sfe|]

gfd M clgtf v8\sf pkfWofo klt M lbg]z pkfWofo ;;'/f M lai0f' pkfWofo 7]ufgf M pu|tf/f ! ;b:o g+ M )!*(! gfd M ;'hg >]i7 afa' M cfzfsfhL >]i7 afh] Mu0f]zbfz >]i7 7]ufgf M pu|r08L @ ;b:o g+ M ))*)%

Jofj;flos shf{

gfd M ;l/tf zfxL afa' M nfnaxfb'/ zfxL afh] M t'Orf zfxL 7]ufgf M ag]kf # ;b:o g+ M )!*@!

Jofj;flos shf{

gfdM uf]s"n uf]tfd] afa' M8f]n axfb'/ uf]tfd] afh] M /fd axfb'/ uf]tfd] 7]ufgf M6's'rf –* ;b:o g+ M )@!%% gf=k|=kM (^&$*

k|x/L cg';Gwfg To;tkm{ ;f]lemPsf] 5 . @)^@ ;fn ebf} ( ut] ;fljs lsQf gDj/ ^## sf] !) cfgf # bfd If]qkmnaf6 d}of ;fsL{n] lsQfsf6 u/L ^%! lsQfsf] & cfgf # bfd hUuf /ljGb| >]i7 ouf]n w'lnv]nnfO{ ^) xhf/ ?k}ofdFf ljqmL u/]sL lyO{g\ . w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf OlGhlgo/ h}l;nfn d08nn] pQm hUufdf 3/ af6f] s]lx gePsf] b]lvG5 eGb} l;kmfl/; ul/lbPsf 5g\ . @)$* ;fndf v'n]sf] sf7df8f} ljZjljBfno hfg] ;8s Tolta]nf b]lv g} ;+rfngdf 5 . OlGhlgo/ h}l;nfn d08nn] lsg ;8s ePsf] hldgnfO{ 5}g eg]/ l;kmfl/; u/] < /x:osf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . ^## lsQfs} afs F L # cfgf hUuf ^%@ lsQfdf sfod eO{ d}of ;fsL{s} gfddf afs F L /x]sf] lyof] . @)&! c;f/ !@ ut] d}of ;fsL{n] @ nfv %) xhf/ ?k}ofdFf 1fgaxfb'/ df]Qmfg / nf]s]Gb| tf]nfË]nfO{ ljqmL ul/g\ . hlta]nf w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf sfo{sf/L clws[t xl//fd gflunfn] @)&! c;f/ !! ut] lsQf gDj/ ^%@ df 3/ 5}g tyf lkmN8df kSsL df]6/af6f] ;uF hf]l8Psf] 5 eGg] Aoxf]/fsf] 3/af6f] k|dfl0ft ul/lbP . Tolta]nf klg ^%@ gDj/ lsQfsf # cfgf hUuf d'n ;8sd} lyof] . sfo{sf/L clws[t gflunfnsf]] klg pQm l;kmfl/;df s}lkmot b]lvPsf] 5 . Tolta]nf dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]df kmf6Fjfnf dfnkf]t clws[t ;'af]w vgfn lyP eg] gf;' s6saxfb'/ v8\sf / /]jtL ltdlN;gf lyP . d}of ;fsL{n] a]r]sf] pQm hUuf k'gM @)&# ;fn a}zfv & ut] nf]sGb| lji6n] 1fgaxfb'/ df]Qmfgsf] lhNnf cbfntaf6 clws[t jf/];gfdf lnO{ PSn} ldgf e}nnfO{ ^ nfv %) xhf/ ?k}ofdFf ljqmL u/]sf lyP . ldgf e}nn] @)&% c;f]h % ut] s[i0f/fd b'jfn / nIdLk|;fb k|hfkltnfO{ !@ nfv ?k}ofFdf ljqmL u/]sL lyO{g\ . dfnkf]t sfof{non] k'gM @)&! c;f/ !! ut] lnPsf] 3/af6f] k|dfl0ft l;kmfl/;sf cfwf/df hUuf kf; ul/lbPsf] 5 . …cg';Gwfg hf/L 5, w]/} s'/f atfpg ldNb}g, cg';Gwfg ;lsP kl5 hfgsf/L u/fpFnfÚ–pgn] eg]–…k|x/Ln] cg';Gwfg ul//x]sfn] yk s'/f atfpg' cfjZos 5}g .Ú dfnkf]t sfof{nodf ca cfO{Gbf #% lbg leqs} 3/af6f] l;kmfl/;sf] sfuhft /fv]/ dfq} hUuf kf; ug{] atfP . dfnkf]t sfof{no sfe|]sf k|d'v sf]O{/fnfn] kqsf/x?n] vf]h kqsfl/tf gu/]sf sf/0f k6s k6s :yfgLox? 7luPsf] atfP . …tkfO{x? s] x]/]/ a:g' ePsf] lyof], d t ev{/ sfof{no k|d'v eP/ cfPsf] x'FÚ–pgn] eg]–…dfnkf]t sfof{no sd{rf/Lx?n] ulNt gu/]sf] atfP .Ú ;8sdf k/]sf] hUufsf] nut s§f ul/Psf] 5}g t/ klg @)^@ ;fnd} # cfgf hUuf af6f]df k/]sf] eGb} lsQfsf6 u/]/ 5f8]sf] cj:yfdf d}of ;fsL{n] lsg ljqmL ul/g\ < cg';Gwfgdf dfnkf]t / gu/kflnsfsf sd{rf/Lx? ;a}nfO{ lgoGq0fdf lng'kg{] ;j{;fwf/0fx?n] atfPsf 5g\ . …gSsnL 6«]; gS;f agfO{ c?sf] hUuf b]vfO{ ljZjf; lbnfP/ lkr ;8s ljqmL u/]5g\Ú–ph'/Ldf elgPsf] 5–…hUuf ljqmL ug{] ldgf e}n, w'gkf & av'08f]nsf nf]s]Gb| tf]nfË / pgsL >LdtL ;f]g' tf]nfË], dxfef/t ufkf uf]s'n] $ sf 1fgaxfb'/ df]Qmfg lj?4 lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no sfe|]df @)&^ a}zfv !% ut] hfx]/L btf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . k|x/Ln] hfx]/L k/] klg cg';Gwfg ub{} ldgfnfO{ kqmfp u/]sf] lyof] . ldgf kl5 ph'/L k/]sf nf]s]Gb|, pgsf] >LdtL ;f]g'nfO{ klg kqmfp u/]sf] 5 .

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

gfd M dy'/f e08f/L -skfnL_ klt M xl/ s[i0f skfnL ;;'/f M rGb|k|;fb skfnL 7]ufgf M w'lnv]n – & ;b:o g+ M )!&^! gfd M la/]Gb| k|;fb sIfklt a'jf M df]xg axfb'/ sIfklt afh] M e'jg bf; sIfklt :yfoL 7]ufgfM ag]kf– ^ xfnsf] 7]ufgf M ag]kf– ^ ;b:o g+ M ))*%^ gf=k|=kM ^(@÷$*$**

Jofj;flos shf{

o;/L================================

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL hGd M @))#.*.@#

:juf{/f]x0f M @)&^.@.@^ :j= xl/z+s/

o; ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=sf cWoIf an/fd >]i7sf k"hgLo lktf xl/z+s/ >]i7sf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf] x'Fbf d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

;"o{s'df/ >]i7 pkfWoIf tyf

z'e ljxfgL art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kl/jf/, ag]kf &, sfe|]

>L sfnLb]jL k|fylds ljBfno t]dfn ufpFkflnsf–#, ;/dynL, s'F8'jfn, sfe]|knf~rf]s

lzIfs cfjZostf k|ydk6s k|sflzt ldlt M @)&^.@.@#

o; ljBfnodf tkl;n adf]lhd lzIfs lgo'lQm ug{'kg{] ePsf]n] lzIff lgodfjnL cg';f/ of]Uotf k'u]sf g]kfnL gful/sx?sf nflu lj1fkg ul/Psf] 5 . tkl;n kb M k|f=lz= -t[tLo s/f/_ ;+Vof M ! -Ps_ z}lIfs of]Uotf M cfO P8 jf ;f] ;/x -tflnd k|fKt_ b/vf:t b:t'/ M ?= !)))÷– pd]/ M !* jif{ k"/f eO{ $) jif{ ggf3]sf] b/vf:t lbg] ldlt M @)&^.@.@! b]lv @)&^.@.@( ;Dd s/f/ ;"rLdf /x]sf nflu / @)&^.@.@* b]lv @)&^.#.# ;Dd v'Nnfsf] nflu 5gf}6 k|lqmof M lnlvt / cGtjf{tf{ b/vf:t lbg] :yfg M ljBfno -!) b]lv $ ah];Dd_ ;Dks{ ldlt M @)&^.#.# tna M g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]adf]lhd kf7\oqmd M lzIff ;]jf cfof]un] tf]s]adf]lhd k]z ug{'kg{] cfjZos sfuhkqx? M – g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk – ;Dk"0f{ z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk – cWofkg cg'dlt kqsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk – x:tlnlvt lgj]bg ;Dks{ kmf]g g+= (*)#$)(@*(-cWoIf, sd{/fh_, (*$#&%(#(# -k|=c=, gfgLdfof lsªl/ª_

&

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

!! cf}+ /fi6«klt /lg· lzN8 k|ltof]lutf ;DkGg

l/tf bfxfn÷ag]kf ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf] cfof]hgfdf gu/ :tl/o cGt/ ljBfno !! cf} /fi6«k|lt /lgË lzN8 k|ltof]lutf @)&^ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . lhNnfsf clwsf+z :yfgLo txdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] k|ltof]lutf ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf gu/ k|d'v nIdL g/l;+ afb]n] u/]sf lyP . gu/ k|d'v afb]n] v]n :jf:Yosf] nfuL / /fi6«sf nfuL ePsfn] v]nsf] dxTj /x]sf] atfP . v]nn] cfTd/Iff, :j:y x'g] ePsfn] x/]s dflg;n] s'g} g s'g} v]n v]Ng' kg{] atfP . gu/kflnsfn] gu/df cfof]hgf u/Lg] v]nx?df ;xof]u ub{] cfPsf] / cfufdL lbgdf klg ;xof]u ug{] k|lta4tf AoQm u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v k|zf;lso clws[t ef]h/fh l3ld/], lhNnf v]ns'b ljsf; ;ldtLsf cWoIf tyf ^ g+ j8f cWoIf ;lrtfgGb s];Ln] v]nsf] dxTj / cfjZostfsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP . k|ltof]lutfdf !# j6f ljBfnosf] ;xeflutf

jif{ @% c+s #@ @)&^ h]7 #) ut] ljxLjf/

k|x/Lsf] ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ cfTdxTof / ha{hl:t s/0fL a9\of]

/x]sf] lyof] eg] elnan, skbL{, Dof/fy'g / Pyn]l6S; v]nsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . elnan 5fq tkm{ cfhfb dflj k|yd g]kfn k|x/L dflj bf];|f] ePsf lyP eg] 5fqf tkm{ 1fgs'~h dflj k|yd / bf];|f] Pe/]i6 dflj ePsf lyP . sklb{df 5fq tkm{ k|yd r}tGo dflj / l4lto r}tGo dfla ePsf lyP eg] 5qf tkm{ r}tGo dflj k|yd / Pe/]i6 dflj l4lto ePsf] lyof] . k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfn k|x/Ln] !^ uf]N8 ^ j6f l;Ne/ NofP/ k|yd / ^ j6f uf]N8 / ^ j6f lzNe/ NofP/ a]n/ dflj l4lto ePsf lyP . k|yd / l4lto x'g] l6dnfO{ k|d'v cltyL afb]n] 6«lkm tyf k|df0f kq ljt/0f u/]sf lyP . ljhoL l6dn] lhNnf :t/Lo v]ndf efu lng kfpg] atfPsf] 5 . k|ltof]lutfdf :jfut dGtAo lzIff zfvfsf lza/fh lqkf7Ln] /fv]sf lyP eg] k|ltof]lutfsf] ;efkltTj v]nsf ;+of]hs tyf j8f g+ % sf j8f cWoIf an/fd clwsf/Lsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . –k|lzIffyL{

ag]kf÷lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf] cfof]hgfdf ag]kfdf ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . dfgjclwsf/sdL{ ef]h/fh ltdlN;gfsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf gu/ k|d'v nIdLg/l;+ afb]sf] k|d'v cfltYotf /x]sf] lyof] . ;xeflux?n] k|x/Lsf] sfd sf/jfxL / :yfgLo ;/sf/sf af/]df ;'wf/ ug{' kg{] ljifodf k|x/LnfO{ ;'emfj lbPsf lyP . sfo{ q mddf ag] k f gu/kflnsfsf pkk|d'v /]vf ;fksf]6f bfxfn, k|x/L k|d'v P;kL ho/fh ;fksf]6f, g]kfnL ;]gfsf s0f{]n ;'jf; v8\sf, zz:q k|x/L ansf k|d'v P;kL a]g' kf7s, /fli6«o cg';Gwfgsf k|d'v l8P:kL ;/f]h lg/f}nf, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf k|jQmf k|]d nfdf, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 sfe|]sf cWoIf df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf nufotn] k|x/Ln] gful/sx?nfO{ lbg' kg{] ;]jf / k|x/Lsf] ;]jfdf ;'wf/ ug{' kg{] atfPsf lyP . lhNnfdf kl5Nnf] ;do afnaflnsf / dlxnfx? cfkmGt;Fu c;'/lIft ePsf] atfP . lhNnfdf kl5Nnf]

tLg dlxgfdf hj{hl:t s/0fLsf !@ j6f 36gf ePsf 5g\ eg] ax'ljjfxsf @ j6f 36gf b'O{ j6f btf{ ePsf] 5 . ceb| Aoxjf/ ;DjGwL ^* j6f 36gf btf{ ePsf 5g\ eg] st{Ao Hofgsf # j6f, nfu' cf}ifw $ j6f d'2f btf{ ePsf 5g\ . em'08L @^ hgf / ljif ;]jgaf6 ( hgfn] cfTdxTof u/]sf 5g\ . ! ;o $^ hgf cleo'Qm kqmfp k/]sf 5g\ . ! ;o #) n}lËs ;~hfn u7g ePsf 5g\ ! ;o #) j6f j8f ;ldlt, @ ;o j6f 6f]n ;ldlt, ljBfno ;Dks{ ;ldlt ! ;o j6f, kflnsf :t/Lo !# j6f, lhNnf ;ldlt ! j6f u7g ePsf 5g\ . ;jf/L b'3{6gf tLg dlxgfdf !( j6f ePsf 5g\ . b'3{6gfdf * hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] k|x/Ln] atfP . 6«flkms sf/jfxLdf & xhf/ %) k/]sf 5g\ . $@ nfv *^ xhf/ % ;o /fhZj ;+sng ePsf] 5 . k|x/Ln] kl5Nnf] ;dodf &! j6f dlxnf lx+;f ;DjGwL ph'/L k/]sf]df #& j6f ldnfkq ePsf] / #$ j6f afFsL /x]sf 5g\ . %^ hgf tLg dlxgfdf x/fPsf 5g\ eg] x/fPsf dWo] @) hgf km]nf k/]sf 5g\ .

led;]gsf] dlGb/ lgdf{0f

;fd'bflos ;fsf];sf] vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfdf ;Demf}tf ag]kf÷ag]kfsf] cf/fWob]jL r08]Zj/L dlGb/ cufl8 led;]gsf] dlGb/ lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . led;]gsf] b]ptf /x]sf] 7fFpdf :yflgoaf;L, r08] Z j/Ldf cfpg] eQmhgx?sf] cfly{s ;xof]udf pQm dlGb/ k'/ftflTjs tl/sfaf6 lgdf{0f ug{ nfluPsf] :yflgoaf;L Zofd ;]jfrfo{n] hfgsf/L lbP .

kfFrvfn÷sfe|], kfFrvfn gu/kflnsfn] cfkm\gf gful/snfO{ ;kmf / :jR5 kfgL ;xh ?kdf pknAw u/fpg gu/ ljsf; sf]if / PlzofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] nufgLdf @ ca{ @! s/f]8sf] ;'gsf]zL kfFrvfn vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf ;DkGg ug{ nfu]sf] 5 . pQm cfof]hgfdf hgtfsf] tkm{af6 s'n of]hgfsf] % k|ltzt hg;xeflutf afkt k|To]s 3/w'/Ln] !* xhf/sf b/n] hDdf ug'{kg]{ /sd ;+sng sfo{ lta| ?kdf e}/x]sf] cfof]hgfsf cWoIf s'df/ nfld5fg]n] atfP . kfFrvfn g=kf= leqsf ^ xhf/ @ zo 3/w'/Ln] pQm /sd hDdf ug'{kg]{5 . cg'dflgt ! xhf/ * zo 3/w'/Ln] hg;xefuLtf afktsf] /sd Ps} k6s a'emfpg c;dy{ x'g] Go"g cfo ePsf gu/jf;LnfO{ vfg]kfgL pknAw u/fpg Go"gtd Aofhb/df ls:tfaGbLdf /sd e'QmfgL ug]{ u/L kfFrvfn gu/kflnsfn] kgf}tL g=kf= $, 6f}vfndf d'Vo sfof{no /xL kfFrvfn g=kf= j8f g+= $, tfdf3f6df ;]jf s]Gb| ;~rfng u/L cfkm\gf ;b:ox?nfO{ ;]jf k'/ofO{ /x]sf] Pl;ofnL :t/sf] PS;]; l;Ne/ a|f08 k|fKt ;fd'bflos art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf;Fu ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 .

;fd'bflos ;fsf];n] (=% k|ltzt jflif{s Aofhb/df ! jif{leq ls:tfaGbLdf e'QmfgL ug]{ u/L ljgflwtf] ;'gsf]zL kfFrvfn vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfdf hg;xefuLtf hgfpg] 3/w' / LnfO{ ;x'lnotdf C0f pknAw u/fpg] / pQm C0fdf s'g} klg yk z'Ns glng] u/L ;fd'bflos ;fsf]; / kfFrvfn g=kf= lar ;xdtL ePsf] ;+:yfsf cWoIf k|sfz aGhf/fn] atfP . sfo{qmddf kfFrvfn gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v dx]z v/]nn] kfFrvfn gu/kflnsfn] pQm If]qdf ;~rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ ;x'lnot b/df nufgL ul/lbg cfJxfg u/]sf]df ;fd'bflos ;fsf];n] cu|;/tf b]vfO{ nufgL ug{ tof/ ePsf]df ;fd'bflos ;fsf]; k|lt xflb{s cfef/ k|s6 u/] . ;Demf}tf ut dunaf/sf lbg ;'gsf]zL kfFrvfn vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfsf cWoIf s'df/ nfld5fg], kfFrvfn g=kf= sf k|d'v k|zf;lso clws[t nf]s axfb'/ e08f/L, j8fWoIfx? xl/ vltj8f / /fdz/0f b'nfn ;fd'bflos ;fsf];sf pkfWoIf s'df/ k|;fb nfld5fg], ;lrj d's'Gb zdf{, k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t dbg a:g]t / kfFrvfn ;]jfs]Gb| k|d'v k|Hjn 9sfn ;d]tsf] pkl:yltdf x:tfIf/ ePsf] lyof] .

nfos'df v'Nnf ;ef xnsf] lzNofGofz

ag]kf÷ag]kfsf] Pltxf;Ls nfos' b/af/ nfos' rf}p/df v'Nnf ;efxn aGg] ePsf] 5 . ;ef xnsf] lzNofGoz ag]kf gu/kflnssf k|d'v nIdL g/l;+ afb]n] Ps sfo{qmddsf lar u/]sf lyP . ;efxnsf] lzNofGof; ub{] k|d'v cltyL afb]n] ljsf; lgdf0f{df s'g} kf6L{ hfthftL gx'g] atfP . gu/sf] ljsf;sf nfuL gu/jf;Lsf] ;fy ;xof]u /xg] ePsfn] ljsf;df s'g} /fhgLlts /u+ gx'g] atfPsf lyP . gu/sf] ljsf; w]/} cuf8L a9]sfn] lgjf{rgdf af]n]sf afrfx? k'/f x'b} uPsf] atfP . lgjf{rgsf ;dodf r08]Zj/Ldf :gfg u[x lgdf0f{ tyf lkslgs :kf]6{, nfo's' rf}p/df v'Nnf ;efxn, ;8sx? sfnf]kq], kmf]xf]/ d}nf Aoa:yfkg, Plss[t vfg]kfgL nufPtsf sfo{x? e}O/x]sf] ;d]t atfPsf lyP . lo ;a} ljsf;sf sfdx? gu/kflnsf PSn}n] u/]sf]

xf]O{g\, afb]n] eg] o;df ;+rf/ tyf ;'rgf k|lalw dGqL, k|b]z ;f+;b, hgk|ltlgwL, pkef]Qmf ;ldtL / :yfgLosf] ;xof]udf ;Dea ePsf] atfPsf lyP . sfo{qmddf :jfut dGtAo pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf ;lra kbd ;'Gb/ >]i7n] /fv]sf lyP . ;+rf/ tyf ;'rgf k|lawL dGqL uf]s'n af:sf]6fsf] k'jf{wf/ ljsf;af6 %) nfv cfPsfn] ;f] /sd af6 v'Nnf ;efxn, $ j6f zf}rfno, 9'Ëf laR5ofpg], au}rf lgdf0f{ ul/g] atfP . lzNofGof; sfo{qmddf k'j{ ;ef;b lznf sltnf, % g+ j8f cWoIf an/fd clwsf/L, ^ g+ j8f cWoIf ;lrtfgGb s];L, * sf bfg axfb'/ dfgGw/ / !# sf cdg gflkt, g]skf ag]kfsf g]tf ;fu/ skfln, g]kfnL sf+u|];sf gu/ ;efklt /fd hf]zL, ;dfh;]aL /Tgs'z /l~ht, /ljGb| a}bf/, d+undfg k|hfklt nufPtsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmd pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf cWoIf sdnzf]ef /l~htsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

s'n nfut # nfv %) xhf/ nfUg] cg'dfg ul/Psf]df ? @ nfv @) xhf/ /sd ;+sng e}O{;s]sf] / c? >dbfg tyf /sd ;+sng hf/L /x]sf] pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf cWoIf s]za sdf{rfo{n] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ . dlGb/ lgdf{0f ug{ ;Dk"0f{ If]qaf6 ;xof]usf] ck]Iff /fvLPsf] ;d]t pkef]Qmf ;ldtLsf cWoIfn] atfP .

dxfef/tdf du/ ;+3 u7g /]vaxfb'/ /vfn÷dxfef/t g]kfn du/ ;+3sf] k|yd clwa]zg ufF p kflnsf cWoIf sfG5fnfn lhDafsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . clwa]zgsf] aGb ;qn] x:t axfb'/ bnf{dLsf] cWoIftfdf @@ hgfsf] sfo{ ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5 . h;df pkfWoIf 7s'dfof cfn]du/ ;lra lvn/fh cfn]du/, ;x–;lra lx/f axfb'/ t'lD;ª, sf]iffWoIf ;l/tf /fgfdu/ / ;b:ox?df lx/f axfb'/ bnf{dL x:tLdfof /fgfdu/, tf/f axfb'/ huf{du/, ljho /fgfdu/ nufot /x]sf 5g\ . sfo{qmddf ljlzi6 cltly k|b]z # sf ;b:o aafn ;f?du/, du/ ;+3sf lhNnf cWoIf cDa/axfb'/ cfn]du/, ;f+s[lts ;+3sf cWoIf wg axfb'/ cfn]du/ nufotn] z'esfdgf dGtAo /fv]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf :jfut dGtAo tby{ ;ldltsf pkfWoIf ozs'df/L cfn]du/n] /fv]sL lyO{g\ eg] tby{ ;ldltsf cWoIf u0f]zs'df/ o;dfnLsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

;a} j8fdf du/ ;+3 u7g

dxfef/t ufpFkflnsfsf ;a}

j8fdf du/ ;+3 u7g ul/Psf] 5 . j8f gDj/ # sf] a];f/]df cfof]lht du/x?sf] e]nfn] ldng cfn] du/sf] cWoIftfdf & ;b:oLo g]kfn du/ ;+3 j8f gDj/ # sf] j8f sld6L u7g u/]sf] 5 . sld6Lsf] pkfWoIf, ;lrj, ;x ;lrj / sf]iffWoIfdf qmdzM ss axfb'/ ;f? du/, /lj /fgf du/, lx/fdfof cfn] du/ / /ljgf /fgf du/ /x]sf 5g\ . ;b:ox?df gGbaxfb'/ /fgf du/ / 7s]Gb|s'df/ c:tfgL du/ /x]sf 5g\ . ;Nnfxsf/x?df r'Qmaxfb'/ t'lD;Ë du/, ljlj/]Gb| /fgf du/, s[i0f/fd ;f?du/ / uf]dfof c:tfgL du/ /x]sf /x]sf 5g\ . j8f gDj/ % df sf]lsnaxfb'/ /fgf du/sf] cWoIftfdf ( ;b:oLo j8f sld6L u7g ul/Psf] 5 . sld6Lsf] pkfWoIf xl/s'df/ /fgf du/, ;lrj h'Qmaxfb'/ 7f8f du/ / sf]iffWoIfdf /l;nf k'nfdL du/ /x]sf 5g\ . To:t} ;b:ox?df lnnf/fh bnf{dL, df]xgaxfb'/ /vfn, lj/axfb'/ n'Ë]nL, sdnaxfb'/ k'nfdL / kbdaxfb'/ ld|ËrLË /x]sf 5g\ . dxfef/t ufpFkflnsfsf] cf7j6} j8fdf sld6L u7g ePsf] j8f gDj/ % sf OGrfh{ x:taxfb'/ bnf{dLn] atfP .

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL hGd M @))( h]7

:juf{/f]x0f M @)&^ h]7 @# :j= kbds'df/L ltdlN;gf

xfd|f cfTdLo bfh'x? gf/fo0f ltdlN;gf / gj/fh ltdlN;gfsf] ddtfdoL dftf kbds'df/L ltdlN;gfsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf] x'Fbf d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

nId0f ltdlN;gf

df]lt/fd ltdlN;gf

ag]kf, sfe|]

:juf{/f]x0f @)&^ h]7 @#

hGd @))( h]7

efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL

:j= kbds'df/L ltdlN;gf o; SofDk;sf ;+:yfks tyf ;+rfns ;ldltsf ;b:o, g]kfn lzIfs ;+3 k|b]z g+= # sf cWoIf gf/fo0f ltdlN;gfsf] ddtfdoL dftf kbds'df/L ltdlN;gfsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf] x'Fbf d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

SofDk; k|d'v tyf

lkk'N; k|fO{d ax'd'vL sn]h kl/jf/ ag]kf, sfe|]

hGd M @))(.%.#

:juf{/f]x0f M @)&^.@.!( :j= t'ns'df/L yfkfdu/

g]skfsf ;+ul7t ;b:o åo Pj+ g]kfn du/ ;+3sf cWoIf /fhs'df/ yfkfdu/ tyf ;b:o Zofd yfkfdu/sf ddtfdoL dftf t'ns'df/L yfkfdu/sf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df d[tsk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

g]skf /f]zL ufp“kflnsf sld6L kl/jf/ /f]zL, sfe|]

*&

r]i6f ;fKtflxs

vfg]kfgL l8kaf]l/ªsf] lzNofGof;

ag]kf÷ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f g+= !! ckfË c:ktfn;Fu} l;gfufn l8kaf]/LË vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfsf] k|b]z ;f+;b a;'Gw/f x'dfufO{n] Ps sfo{qmdsf ljr lzNofGof; u/]sf 5g\ . lzNofGof; sfo{qmddf ;f+;b x'dfufO{n] lgjf{rgsf ;dodf hgtfnfO{ lbPsf] cfZjf;g k'/f ug{ pQm cfof]hgf z'? ul/Psf] atfP . vfg]kfgL, af6f], ljBfno eag lgdf0f{ sfo{df ;3+, k|b]z / :yflgo ;/sf/ ldnL ljsf;sf sfdx? cuf8L a9fPsf] pgn] atfP . cj ukm xf]O{g hgtfnfO{ ljsf; u/]/ hgtfx?sf] ;]jf ug{] pgn] hfgsf/L lbP . sfo{qmddf ag]kf gu/kflnsfsf gu/ k|d'v nIdL g/l;+ afb]n] ljsf;df s'g} /fhlgtLs /u+ gx'g] ePsfn]

ljsf;df ;a} Ps x'g' kg{] atfP . :yflgoaf;L, j8f / ag]kf gu/kflnsf ldnL ljsf;df ;xefuL x'g' kg{] pgsf] egfO{ lyof] . sfo{qmddf ag]kf gu/kflnssf pk k|d'v /]vf bfxfn ;fksf]6f bfxfn, ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f g+= # sf j8f cWoIf s[i0f k|;fb bfxfn, $ sf j8f cWoIf Zofd ;'Gb/ >]i7, & sf a0f{ zfSo nufPtsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf :jfut dGtAo pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf cWoIf ho/fd lu/Ln] /fv]sf lyP . vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf k|b]z ;/sf/af6 k|fKt %) nvdf lgdf0f{ u/L ckfË afn c:ktfnnfO{ / :yfgLo pkef]QmfnfO{ ljt/0f ul/g] atfPsf] 5 . lzNofGof; sfo{qmdsf] ;efkltTj !! g+ j8f cWoIf lzas'df/ yfkfn] u/]sf lyP .

xf]6n tyf ko{6g Aoa;foLsf] # g+ k|b]zsf] clwa]zg x'g]

ag] k f÷xf] 6 n tyf ko{ 6 g Aoa;foL ;+3 g]kfn k|b]z gDa/ # sf] k|yd clwa]zg cfufdL ;fpg !! / !@ ut] ag]kfdf x'g] ePsf] 5 . ko{6g k|a{4g / ;du| cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu u'0f:t/Lo / dof{lbt xf]6n Aoa;fosf] ljsf; cfwf/e"t ;t{ xf] eGg] tYonfO{ cfTdf;ft\ ub{] ;u+l7t ?kdf cleofg ;~rfng ug{] pb]Zon] ;+:yf :yfkgf u/L sfo{ ;~rfng ul/Psf] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf atfP . clwa]zgdf ko{6g k|a4gsf] lglDt cGtlqmof, xf]6n tyf ko{6gsf] If]qdf nufgLsf] ;Defjgfaf/] 5nkmn, g]t[Tj rog ul/g] atfOPsf] 5 . kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf g'jfsf]6df ePsf] xf]6n Aoa;foLx?sf] e]nfn] tby{ ;ldtL u7g ub}{] lhNn k|zf;g sfof{nodf sf7df8f}+df btf{ eO{ k|b]z # cGt{ut /x]sf ;a} lhNnfx?df cflwsf/Ls zfvf u7g ul/;lsPsf] hgfPsf] 5 . ;g\ @)@) df @) nfv afx\o ko{6s leqofpg] nIosf ;fy ;/sf/n] g]kfn e|d0f jif{ dgfpg] tof/L ul//x]sf] ;Gb{edf ;+:yf sl6a4 eP/ nfu]sf] # g+

k|b]z ;+of]hs ;Gtf]if pk|]tLn] atfP . clwa] z g dfkm{ t s' z n g]t[Tjsf] rog ug{], xf]6n tyf ko{6gsf] If]qdf nufgLsf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{] / Aoa;foLx?s} aLrsf] cGtlqm{of cg'ej cfbfg k|bfgn] Joa;fo la:tf/ tyf :t/f]Ggltdf d2t k'Ug] cfof]hsn] ck]Iff u/]sf 5g\ . clwa]zgsf] pb\3f6g d'VodGqL 8f]/d0fL kf}8\ofnn] ug{] ePsf 5g\ eg] !# j6} lhNnfsf, pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf cWoIf, oftfoft aoa;foL, kqsf/, xf]6n Aoa;foL nufotsf] ;xefuLtf /xg] hgfPsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 sfe|]sf cWoIf df]tL/fd ltdlN;gfn] sfe|] t/sf/L, df;', c08f / b'wdf cfTdlge{/ lhNnf ePsfn] o;nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg, xf]6nx?sf] u'0f:t/Lotf a9fpg' kg{] atfPsf lyP . clwa] z gnfO{ lhNnfsf] tkm{af6 k|rf/k|;f/df s'g} sld x'g glbg] ;d]t pgn] atfP . kqsf/ ;Dd]ng xf]6n tyf ko{6g Joa;foL ;+3 g]kfn sfe|]sf cWoIf Joj;foL Zofds' d f/ efn' >] i 7sf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

jif{jif{@$@%c+sc+s!^#@@)&$ @)&^kmfu' h]7g #) # ut] ut] ljxLjf/ ljxLjf/

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lyP . sfo{qmddf ag]kf gu/kflnsf j8f g+ * sf j8f cWoIf bfg axfb'/ dfgGw/, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf j8f g+=% sf j8f cWoIf u+uf;fu/ /~hLt, sfe|] pBf]u jfl0fHo ;3+sf cWoIf k|sf; dfgGw/, al/ii7 pkfWoIf k|tfk a}w, dxf;lra s}nfz knf~rf]s], cfefif ;fsf];sf cWoIf lbg];/fh sfo:y nufPtsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . xf]6ndf gf/fo0f >]i7,/d]z v8\sL, s'df/ >]i7, lbks v8\sL, s'df/ zflx, ;Gb]z dfgGw/ / ljho >]i7 ;d]t & hgf o'jf ldnL ;~rfng u/LPsf] nGh P08 af/df z'ef/Desf] ca;/df !) k|ltzt 5'6sf] Aoa:yf u/LPsf] atfPsf] 5 . nfO{e Do'lhs ;lxt k'0f{ kfl/jf/Ls aft/0fdf ;~rfngdf NofPsf] jtfPsf] 5 . –k|lzIffyL{

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sfof{nosf k|d'v a]b e08f/Ln] x'nf ;DjGwL Aoj:yf, kl/jlt{t P]g, k|flws/0f ;DjGwL Aoj:yf / cGo ljifodf hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP . x/]s AolQm st} g st} g]t[Tj ul//x]sf] x'G5, g]t[Tj ug{] AolQmn] cfkm' / ;d'bfo tyf g]t[Tj u/]sf] ;+:yfdf emg} ljZjf; lhTg AolQmut cfr/0f, cflgafgL / cGo ljifodf Wofg lbg' kg{] atfP . lhNnf x'nfs sfof{no sfe|]sf k|d'v kbdaxfb'/ vqLn] x'nfs ;]jfsf] sfo{ ylkb} uPsfn] sd{rf/Lx?sf nflu klg kl5Nnf] ;do x''nfs cfs{if0f aGb} uPsf] atfP . g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 sfe|] zfvf cWoIf df]tL/fd ltdlN;gfn] x'nfs ;] j fn] k| f Kt u/] s f] lhDd] j f/LnfO{ ;kmntfk'j{s ;DkGg ug{' kg{] atfP . tflnddf ljleGg If]qdf sfo{/t x'nfs ;]jf leq sfd ug{] sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . g]kfn cltl/Qm x'nfs sd{rf/L Pzf]l;P;g s]lGb|o ;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdf ;DkGg tflnddf o'ogcfO{ Unf]an o'lgogsf] ;xof]u /x]sf] lyof] .

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s'v'/fsf] ljleGg yl/sf ;'nLaf/] hfgsf/L Information about different types of poultry Droppings s'v'/fsf] ;'nL ;fwf/0ftof @ lsl;dsf] x'G5 . Pp6f ;fdfGo s'v'/fsf] ;'nL v}/f] sfnf] /+usf] x'G5 eg] ;'nLsf] dflyNnf] efudf o'/]6 hDdf eP/ ;]tf] efu b]lvG5 . To:t} Ceca df cfGb|fdf gkr]sf] bfgfsf efux? kR5g hxf hLjf0f'sf] ;+Vof klg w]/} g} x'G5 .

Ceca af6 cfpg] ;'nL cln uGxfpg], /ftf] v}/f} /+usf] x'g] / 6fFl;g] k|s[ltsf] x'G5 / o:tf vfnsf] ;'nLnfO{ ;fwf/0f ?kdf lnOG5 . olb kvfnfdf lkmh jf /ut b]lvPdf o;nfO{ c;fdfGo ?kdf lng ;lsG5 . o:tf kvfnf u/fpg] y'k|} sf/0fx? x'g ;Sb5g\ . h:t} slS;l8of]l;;, h'sfsf] ;+qmd0f, laiff0f' -/f]6f efO/; / Pl8gf] efO/;_, lhjf0f', d[uf}nf lju|g', bfgfdf cToflws k|f]l6g ePdf cflb . slS;l8of]l;; M ljz]if u/]/ !) xKtf d'gLsf s'v'/fx?df slS;l8of]l;; b]lvg] ;Defjgf /xG5 . o;df /ut ldl;Psf] kvfnf b]lvG5 . h'sf M h'sfsf] sf/0fn] kvfnf eO{ To; kl5 hLjf0f'sf] ;+qmd0f x'g ;Sb5 . ljiff0f' M ljiff0f'af6 nfUg] /f]ux? s'v'/faf6 lg:s]sf] Do's;sf l56f / ;'nLn] /f]uLaf6 lg/f]uLdf ;fg{ d2t ub{5 . /f]6f efO/; / Pl8gf] efO/;n] cfGb|fsf] ;+qmd0f ub{5g / cfGb|fdf Iflt ub{5g . ToxL Iflt ePsf] 7fFpdf km]/L lhjf0f'sf] ;+qmd0f x'G5 / o;n] vt/gfs ?k lnO{ km]/L hLjf0f' >[lht kvfnf u/fp5 . ljiff0f'x?Dff Infectious Bronchitis, Mareks Diseases, Lymphoid Leukosis, Fowl Cholera, Avian Tuberculosis, Newcastle Diseases, Corona Virus l;p/ lgnf] x'g]_, Entero Virus, Astrovirus, Reovirus -hf]gL{ ;+qmd0f, Zjf; k|Zjf; ;DalGw ;d:of_, Parvovirus kb{5g . /fgLvt] M xl/of] ;]tf] kftnf] ;'nL, cToflws d[To'b/, Zjf; k|Zjf;df ;d:of, pTkfbgdf Xf; / c08fsf] af]qmfdf ;d:of cfp5F . To:t} uDjf/f]df ;]tf] ;'nL cfp5F eg] 6fpsf] e'Olt/ kmsf{P/ cfv F f aGb u/]/ a:b5 . hLjf0f' M cfGb|fdf v/fa k|j[ltsf hLjf0f'sf] ;+Vof a9L ePdf o:tf ;d:of cfp5g\ . ljz]if ul/ Clostridia hLjf0f'sf] pRrtd ;+Vof j[l4 x'gfn] kvfnf u/fpb5 . of] hLjf0f'sf] ;+Vof j[l4 x'g ljleGg sf/s tTjn] e"ldsf v]n]sf] x'G5g . h:t} • ljiff0f', h'sf, slS;l8of]l; cfGb|fdf Iflt ug'{ • bfgf ckT|oflzt ?kdf kl/jtG{f ugfn { ] cfGbf|df /xs ] f] hLjf0fs ' f] ;V+of klg 7n ' f] dfqfdf kl/jtg{ xg' ;Sb5 . o;sf ;fy} ljleGg yl/sf bfgfsf tTjx?n] klg lhjf0fs ' f] ;V+of 36g\ / a9g\ el"dsf vn ] s ] f] xG'5 .

• kmf]xf]/ kfgLn] vt/gfs hLjf0f'sf] ;+Vof a9fp5g .

• 9';L k/]sf] bfgfaf6 M ycotoxicosis eO cfGb|fsf] leqL efu nfO{ Iflt ub{5 .

Ps k6s Clostridia cfGb|fdf /x] kZrft cfGb|fsf] leqL efunfO{ Iflt ul/ w]/} kvfnf u/fp5 . kmn:j?k cfGb|faf6 hLjf0f'x? /utdf k|j]z ub{5g / /ut ljiffSt agfO{ s'v'/fsf d[To'b/ a9\g ;S5 .

To:t} c? hLjf0f'x?df Escheria Coli, Shigella, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, Yersinia enterocolitica, Compylobactor x?n] kvfnf u/fpF5g\ .

Fowl Typhoid M rNnfdf ;]tf] lb;f cfpF5 / d[To'b/ w]/} x'G5 . jo:sdf kftnf] kx]nf] ;'ln, c08f pTkfbgdf sdLsf ;fy} l;p/ km';|f] b]lvG5 . kf]i6 df6{ddf d/]sf] kG5L uf8f /ftf] /+u, cfGb|fdf kfgL h:tf] kbfy{ jf slxn] sflx /ut, sn]hf] / lkmof] ;fdfGo eGbf 7'nf] / sn]hf] kmf]S;f]df ;]tf] l6sfx? b]lvG5 .

Salmonella : @ xKtf d'gLsf rNnfx?df a9L ;+qmd0f b]lvG5 . sn]hf], kmf]S;f], lkmof] d[uf}nf ;'lgG5 / uf8f /ftf] sfnf] b]lvG5 . Ceca df ;]tf] ;fxf] kbfy{ b]lvG5 . g]qmf]l6s OG6]l/cfOl6; (Necrotic Enteritis) : cfGb|f /ftf] x'g] / xfjf el/g] x'G5 .

Infectious Coryza : xl/of] ;'nL, 6fpsf] ;'lGgg], cfFvf ;'lGgg], gfs / cfFvf af6 Do'sf]; cfpg] / c08f pTkfbg 36\g] x'G5 . kf]i6df6{df cfvf / gfs /ftf] x'g], l;p/ nf]tL ;'lGgg] b]lvG5 . pkrf/df Sulphonamides, Tetracycline, Enrofloxacin lbg ;lsG5 .

Spirochaetosis : x'sb} u/]sf] s'v'/fdf a9L c;/ ub{5 . lkmof] 7'nf] / sdnf] x'G5 . pkrf/df k]lgl;lng ug{ ;lsG5 . d[uf}nfsf] Iflt M d[uf}nfsf] Iflt ePdf d[uf}nfaf6 w]/} dfqfdf lk;fa lg:sG5 / s'v'/fsf] Colca df cfP/ ;'nLdf ldl;G5 / kvfnf b]lvG5 . a]7Ls kf]if0f bfgfdf w]/} dfqfdf k|f]l6g ePdf kftnf] ;'nL b]Vg ;lsG5 . o;sf] k|d'v sf/0fdf a9L ePsf] k|f]l6g o'/]6df kl/jt{g x'G5 . kmn:j?k s'v'/fn] kfgLsf] vkt a9L ub{5g / ;'nL kftnf] eO e'; rfF8} cf]lnnf] x'G5 . o;af6 lgDg c;/x? b]lvG5g .

• yf]/} dfq kf]if0f cfGb|faf6 ;f]l;G5 / s'v'/fx? sdhf]/ x'g], tf}n 36\g] ;d:of b]lvG5 .

• cfGb|faf6 k|of{Kt kfgL ;f]:g ;Sb}g / s'v'/fdf Dehydration sf] ;d:of b]lvG5 .

• cToflws cfGb|fsf] leqL efu Iflt ePdf hLjf0f'x? ;lhn} /utdf k|j]z ug{ ;Sb5g . o:t} vf]/sf] e'; w]/} lr;f] ePdf cGo hLjf0f'sf] ;+Vof j[l4 x'g d2t ub{5 / afsL s'v'/fnfO{ klg c;/ k'¥ofp5 .

• bfgfdf SoflN;od a9L / kmf]/:kmf]/; sdL ePdf kfgLsf] vkt sd x'G5 Heat Stress lx6 :6«];sf] sf/0fn] kfgL cToflws kfgL vkt eO ;'nL kftnf] x'g ;S5 . lr;f] kfgL lbOPsf] v08df lx6 :6«]; sd ;lsG5 .

PlG6afof]l6s PlG6afof]l6ssf] k|of]un] cfGb|fdf /x]sf] /fd|f] / g/fd|f] b'j} hLjf0f'sf] ;+Vof sd u/fp5 / kvfnfsf] ;'?jft ub{5 . /fd|f] hLjf0f'sf] ;+Vof j[l4sf] nflu k|f]jfof]l6s k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

Infectious Coryza Infectious Coryza n] Zjf; k|Zjf; k|0ffnLsf] dflyNnf] efudf c;/ k'¥ofp5 .

Ulcer: cN;/ x'g] sf/0fdf tgfjo'Qm jftfj/0f, wgTj a9L x'g' , bfgfdf df5fsf] l;b|f, slS;l8of]l;; ;+qmd0f, /fgLv]t cflbn] cN;/ u/fpg ;S5 . kfrg k|0ffnLsf] ljleGg 7fpdf c;/ ug]{ sf/s tTjx?df k|f]e]lG6s'n; M uDaf/f], /fgLv]t cfGb|f M slS;l8of]l;;, uf]nf] h'sf, lkmQ] h'sf, Fowl Typhoid / Necrotic Enteritis. l;Ssd M slS;l8of]l;;, uf]nf] h'sf, Fowl Typhoid ljleGg /+usf ;'nLsf] ljZn]if0f s'v'/fsf] ;'nLsf] /+u w]/} lsl;dsf] b]Vg ;lsG5 . v}/f], sfnf], xl/of], ;]tf], kx]nf] cflb . o:tf] ;'nL b]lvgdf bfgfsf] k|s[lt, s'v'/fsf] k|hflt, pd]/, /f]u / zf/Ll/s cj:yfdf e/ kb{5 . xl/of] /+usf] ;'nL M cfGb|fdf h'sf, a8{ ˆn', /fgLv]t, d/]S;, Mycotoxicosis kx]nf] /ftf] ;'nL M d[uf}nfsf] /f]u, slS;l8of]l;;, h'sf sfnf] /+u M leqL cfGb|fdf /Qm>fj c? sf/0fdf M v/fgL, sfnf] ;'nL / Charcoal vfPdf t/n kx]nf] ;'nL M O sf]nfO{ / af]ªsfOl6; ;]tf] / w]/} t/ntf ePsf] M leqL /f]u, tgfj, d[uf}nfsf] Iflt pRr k|f]l6gsf] kf]if0f / udL{ ;dodf w]/} kfgLsf] vktn] klg o:tf] ;d:of b]lvg ;S5 . ;'Gtnf /+u cyjf /ftf] /+u M slS;l8of]l;; sf] ;+qmd0f, ln8 kf]Ohlgª (Lead Poisioning) cfGb|fsf] ;+qmd0f eO cfGb|f ;'lGgPsf] cj:yf ;'Gtnf /+u cyjf /ftf] /+usf] lbzf b]lvg ;Sb5 . kvfnfsf] nIf0f • uGxfpg] kfgL ldl;Psf] ;'nL cfpg] • dn4f/sf] jl/kl/sf] KjfFv kmf]xf]/ x'g' / Ps csf{df 6fl;g' .

• tf}n ga9\gsf ;fy} Kjfv em'l;nf] x'g', vfg dg gug"{ kb{5g . s'v'/fnfO{ kvfnfaf6 (Diarrhoea) hf]ufpg] sfo{x?

• kof{Kt dfqfdf bfgf lbg], olb k|foh;f] w]/} ;do ef]s} /fv]sf] v08df e"Odf kf]lvPsf] ;+qmldt bfgf vfg ;Sb5g / lj/fdL kb{5g .

• gofF rNnf /fVg' cufl8 vf]/nfO{ /fd|f] ;+u lg;+qmd0f ug]{, • w]/} cfuGt'snfO{ vf]/sf k|j]zdf lgif]w ug]{ • rNnfsf] pd]/ cg';f/ k|of{Kt 7fp lbg] / w]/} wgTj a9L gu/fpg] • lemufsf] ;+Vof sd u/fpg Fly trapes /fVg] / d';f lgoGq0f ug]{

t]hu+uf ax'd'vL SoFDk; kgf}tL, sfe|]knf~rf]s pRr lzIffsf] If]qdf cu|0fL :yfg cf]u6\g ;kmn kgf}tL–*, l:yt t]hu+uf ax'd'vL SofDk;df z}lIfs ;q @)&%÷)&^ sf] nflu ;+rflnt sfo{qmdx? ;+rflnt sfo{qmd 4 Years B.B.S. - English & Nepali Medium 4 Years B.Ed. - English, Nepali, Maths Population 3 Years B.A. - Sociology & Rural Development

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of]hgfj4 9+uaf6 ul/Psf] xTof n'sfpg w]/} 7'nf] k|of; ul/of] . ;Dklts} nflu h]7fh' s]zjk|;fb / ;f;' /f]ds'df/Ln] ;l/tfnfO{ k6s k6s oftgf lbg] sfd u/]sf lyP . >Ldfg uFh]8L eP klg efUodf n]lvPsf] s'/f xf] eGb} pgn] dfO{tLdf ;d]t cfkm\gf kL8f n'sfP/ eg]sL lyO{g\ . sd{ cg';f/sf] efUo eGb} pgn] cfkm}nfO{ bf]if lbO{/x]sL lyO{g\ . ;do b]lv g} jlxgLnfO{ k6s k6s zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s oftgf lbPsf lyP . slxn] wDSofpg] s'6lk6 ug]{ eP klg Jojxf/df lj:tf/} ;'wf/ x'Fb} cfpnf elg lrQ j'emfpFb} cfPsf lyof} . jlxgL ;l/tfn] klg h;f]t;f] cfˆgf] 3/ u/L cfPsL lyO{g\ . @)&^ a}zfv !# ut] lbgsf] !@ jh] d]/f] alxgLsf] 3/ ufpFn]n] d]/f] df]jfOndf kmf]g u/L alxgLsf] d[To' ePsf] hfgsf/L kfPF . d]/f] h]7fg gf/fo0f k|;fb 9sfn / efO{ lx/fd0fL bfxfn ;lxt alxgLsf] 3/ 36gf:yn_ k'Ubf Toxf ufpFn], k'ln; / d[tssf >Ldfg jfx]s cGo k|ltjfbLx? 36gf:yndf g} lyP .

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cj:yfdf lyof] . 36gf l:ylt j'‰bf lgh k|ltjfbLx?n] d]/L jlxgLnfO{ of]hgfa4 tl/sfjf6 st{Jo u/L df/]sf x'gfn] k|ltjfbLx?nfO{ kqmfp u/L d'n'sL ck/fw ;+lxtf, @)&$ sf] Hofg ;DjGwL s;'/sf] bkmf !&& jdf]lhd sf/jfxL dfu ub{} lgj]bg lbPsf] 5' .

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;x–rfns sfd u/L sdfO{ vfO{ cfPsf]df 3/ kl/jf/df ;d]t ufFhf vfO{ lx8\g] s'/f yfxf kfO{ ;'l„G5 sL elg >LdtL ;l/tf bfxfn b'nfn ;+u kl/jf/n] dfuL laafx u/L lbPsf lyP . ljjfxsf] @ aif{ hlt >LdtL ;lxt kl/jf/ ;+u ldnL a;L laafx u/]sf] ! aif{ kl5 d]/f] bfh' tyf a'afn] 5'§L leGg a:g] s'/fsfgL eO{ d]/f] >LdtLn] ;d]t 5'§} a:g ;xdtL hgfPsf]n] leGg eO{ cf–cfˆgf] Joaxf/ u/L cfPsf lyof} + cfO{/x]sf]df d}n] rfns cg'dtL kq ;d]t k|fKt u/L ;s]sf] x'Fbf l6k/ uf8L rnfO{ sdfO{ vfO{ >LdtLsf] ;d]t nfng kfng ub}{ cfPsf] lyPF . d]/f] nfu'cf}ifw ufFhf ;]ag ug]{ afgL g5'6]sf]n] d]/f] 3/ kl/jf/sf] ;Nnfxdf d]/f] legfh'n] dnfO{ pkrf/ ug{ nfg] elg @)&% c;f]h * ut] eQmk'/ lhNnf eft]l9s'/ l:ytdf /x]sf] gFof laxfgL ;'wf/ u[xdf /fVg' eof] . ;'wf/ u[xdf g} a;L d]/f] kl/jf/ tyf cfkmGtn] dnfO{ @)&% ;fnsf] kmfNu'0f dlxgf lt/ lgsfnL 3/df NofO{ 3/fo;L s[lif k]zf u/L >Ldfg >LdtL ldnL a:b} cfPsf lyof}+ . >LdtL ;l/tf bfxfn b'nfn ;w} h;f] sf]7f leq a:g] Dof;]hdf cGo s]6fx?;Fu s'/fsfgL ug]{ ub}{ cfPsf] d}n] b]v]+ . >LdtLnfO{ d}n] ltdLn] sf] ;+u s'/fsfgL u/]sf] d t ufFhf ;]jg ug{ ;d]t 5f8L ;'l„;s]sf] 5' eGbf ;d]t s]xL s'/f atfO{gg\ . d}n] o:tf] lsl;dsf] lqmofsnfk u/]sf] 5}g elg 9fs5f]k dfq u/L cfO{g\ . d]/f] dgdf s'/f v]Ng yfnL lghnfO{ ca afFsL g/fVg] larf/ u/]+ . @)&^ a}zfv !@ ut] lbgsf] ;dodf ;Fu} cfˆg} v]tdf ds} uf]8\g uof}+ . ds} uf]8L a;]sf] ;dodf ufFpsf] l5d]sL gftfn] sfsf kg{]n] d]/} cuf8L >LdtLnfO{ lh:sfO{ af]nfpFbf ;d]t >LdtLn] cfh x'Gg kl5 e]6\5' elg d':s'/fpb} eg]kl5 dnfO{ p k|lt l/; p7L dgdg}n] cfh gdf/L 5fl8\bgF eGg] of]hgf agfPF . pgnfO{ dfg{] of]hgf lbpF;}af6 aGof] d]/f] . lbge/L sfd ;sL b'a} hgf 3/df cfO{ d}n] a]n'sfsf] vfgf ksfO{ lgh >LdtLn] ufO{ uf]7sf] wGbf ul/g\ . To;;Fu}

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lSjhdf ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx?sf] ;lx hjfkm sfof{nosf] 6]lnkmf]g )!!–^^@$($ tyf x'nfs tyf Od]n dfkm{t k7fpg]]x? dWo]af6 k|To]s xKtfsf] PshgfnfO{ uf]nfk|yfåf/f ljh]tf 3f]if0ff ul/g]5 . ljh]tfsf] gfd dlxgfsf] klxnf] xKtf ljlxaf/ k|sfzg / k|fOd PkmPdaf6 k|;f/0f x'g] ljxfgsf] z'ek|eft sfo{qmddf k|;f/0f ul/g]5 . ljh]tfx?nfO{ r]i6f ;fKtflxssf] tkm{af6 cfs{ifs pkxf/ k|bfg ul/g]5 . ljh]tfx?n] k'/:sf/sf] nflu r]i6f ;fKtflxssf] sfof{nodf ;Dks{ /fVg'kg{]5 .

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r]i6f ;fKtflxs

jif{ @% c+s #@ @)&^ h]7 #) ut] ljxLjf/

r08]Zj/L c6f] df6{

ag]kf, sfe|] ;Dks{ M )!!–^^@^)(, (*%!)%&@^*

ag]kfsf nflu ;Dks{ v'b|fsf nflu

Go" pu|r08L On]S6«f]lgS; ag]kf *, sfe|], kmf]g g+= )!!–^^@)%&, (*$(@(#@*$

dt l L ; gf dfq . h ] f o of] f nflu s cjlw xf]n;]nsf nflu

lgnsdn On]S6«f]lgS; ag]kf !), sfe|], kmf]g g+= )!!–^^$)%%

oxfF On]S6«f]lgS; ;DaGwL ;fdfgx?sf] nflu xfdLnfO{ ;Demg'xf];\ . r]i6f ;fKtflxs k|sfzgsf nflu k|sfzs.;Dkfbs M czf]s Jof~h", sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbs M df]tL/fd ltdlN;gf, sfof{no M ag]kf !), sfe|], kmf]g g+= )!!^^@$($ email: cheshtaweekly@yahoo.com/website: www.cheshtaweekly.com.np, d'b|0f M ;Gtf]if lk|lG6ª k|];, ag]kf, sfe|]