Faster, Nicer, Wiser, Kinder.

faster nicer wiser kinder A solution to RSA Brief 6 : Home sweet home.

Andrew, Ben, Charlie pde4 2021

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RSA Brief 6 Analysis

Date: 14-01-21

Initially, the group looked at all of the RSA briefs as well as the DIP brief, and decided that the ones that interested us most were RSA 6 ‘Home Sweet Home’ as well as the DIP brief.

Excerpts from Charlie’s project notebook

Overall, looking at the Home Sweet Home brief we really liked the inclusive nature of the brief, as well as its grounding in the home. This environment would allow us to easily test prototypes in and find insights from, especially as it looked like this entire project would be completed under lockdown.

However, we were wary of the timescale with all the RSA briefs as the submission date was a few weeks before GSA project deadline. This would mean we would be hard pressed for time and possibly be faced with a position wherein we would need to sacrifice detail and precision in order to hand in the project on time.

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Rapid Concept Generation : RSA (1) Quick concept generation looking at both rooms of the typical home as well as insights from the RSA brief toolkit.

Excerpts from Charlie’s project notebook

Working individually, we each took a look at the brief toolkit.

From this, we all extracted different insights.

We were surprised about some of the findings. Homes in the UK were significantly less accessible than initially thought, with only 9% of homes in England considered ‘accessible’ with a predicted 35% of the population over 60 by 2050.

This really highlighted the need for retro-fit solutions as well as the need to make any solution as monetarily accessible as possible.

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Date: 16-01-21

Rapid Concept Generation : RSA (2) Stair Climbing Robot • Less invasive than a stair lift Hidden Utility • Shelf & Rail • Drawers & Rail • Chest Height Skirting Board Integrated Front Doors • Convert houses into flats Universal Services Port (USP) • USB for water, electricity, waste...

• Turn any room into a kitchen/ bathroom Easy Lightbulb Changing • Pull down ceiling lights • Magnetic Lightbulbs Fall Alert • Morse code messages • Avoid constant video recording Height Changing Appliances • Extendible feet to move up and down easily

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Date: 16-01-21

Rapid Concept Generation : RSA (3) Adjustable Height Sinks For Inclusive Use For Young and Old People

Roller Door To Remove Swing Radius And Allow Easier Movement Through Home

Adaptable Ramp Flooring For Low Mobility/

Aeropress Style Water Boiler With Heated Element - Placed Over Mug

Wheelchair Access

Date: 16-01-21

Favourite Concepts Angled Wall Mounted Fittings For Wheelchair Access

Tilt Kettle For Low Mobility Water Heating

(1) Simplified Shower Last metre lighting (2) Lightbulb experimentation Universal services port Height changing work surface (3) Roller doors

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DIP Brief Analysis

Date: 14-01-21

As well as the RSA brief, we looked in detail at the RSA brief ‘Design for a Natural World’ As a group, we loved the sustainability aspect of this brief, as well as the juxtaposition of the stereotypes of ‘plastic’ as a material to the natural environment this brief is placed in.

However, we were concerned with the details of the brief. As this submission is intended to be ‘individual’ we were unsure if this was suitable to work on as a team.

Furthermore, as we were all living in an urban environment, getting a chance to do primary research could be difficult due to the travel restrictions in place.

At this point, we were still unsure as to which brief to pursue. In order to choose a path we decided to engage in rapid concept generation for both briefs and see which one inspired more creative and innovative solutions.

So What?

• Narrowed brief choices to two.

• Discussed merits and deficits in each brief.

• Annotated initial thoughts.

What Next?

• Undertake initial concept generation for both briefs.

• Enquire about team entry into DIP brief.

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Initial Concept Generation : DIP (1) Looking at the brief, there was a clear juxtaposition between the material ‘plastic’ and outdoor aspect of this brief. This is a combination of material and location that is usually portrayed in a negative light - often in regards to the interaction of plastic waste and nature.

To start concept generation, some positive connotations and usage of plastic in nature were looked at. From there we expanded into different potential uses surrounding these connotations.

We also looked at ways in which plastics differ from more traditional material groups associated with nature such as woods and metals. We found that plastic has good longevity and weather resistance in comparison to woods, and is far lighter and easier to transport than metals.

Furthermore, we looked at sourcing plastics and found that there is an abundance of different recycled plastics available.

Materials such as RPET have little difference in durability or strength in comparison to virgin material. This proved a great insight into thinking about applications of this recycled polymer.

This longevity also opens up the possibilities of reusing plastics rather than recycling them.

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Date: 20-01-21

Initial Concept Generation : DIP (2)

Date: 20-01-21

Human Structures Forest Igloos Educational Kits Permanent Structures Composters Animal Structures Shelters Safe Areas Food Permanence Tree Guards Walkways Signage Useful Properties Weather proof Permanent Flexible It was very difficult to think of a project for the DIP brief. Although this was the most broad brief that was originally most appealing, the use of plastics in nature was a strange mix to justify.

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Initial Concepts for Evaluation : DIP

Date: 21-01-21

Idea 1 : Biodegradable plastic tent peg I always lose my tent pegs. Knowing that I caused a scattering of l shaped metal tubes littered around the British countryside is a sobering thought.

It would be nice to find a plastic to make tent pegs out of that wouldn’t degrade in a short stay in a tent, however would do if left in the ground for a prolonged period of time.

Idea 2 : Counter-weighted accessible planters.

Kneeling down to plant stuff in planters is always a chore, and often inaccessible to people. Using a counter-weighted mechanism and an lock, these planters could be set at any height with far less effort than lifting them manually.

Idea 3 - Reused bottle bank bothies I always wondered where bottle banks go to die. Turns out they just get cut up and recycled like the waste that gets put in them. However, would it be feasible to re-use these structures as small shelters.

Perhaps as nature hides or bothies in the Scottish highlands.

So What?

• Initial quick concepts generated.

• Looked at insights from briefs and toolkit.

What Next?

• Were not drawn to these concepts, decided not to pursue this brief.

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Primary Research: Elderly Interview

Date: 21-01-21

Currently 80 years old and living in a one bed flat in a retirement apartment block. It was built in 2008 and was not designed very well.

Why did you decided to move into a retirement home?

• Near family

What from your old house would you like to have in your flat?

• Better bathroom - would like a wet room

• Garden at their old house was too large and she couldn’t keep up with it

• Bigger rooms especially kitchen

• Miss the garden now as it was a hobby

• Bigger places available but they are much more expensive

• Annoying that she can’t do what she wants with communal garden, as all the residents have to agree on stuff

• All equipment is very expensive and drives up the price of properties

• Lots of people in the block also used to enjoy gardening and now they can’t, maybe a generational hobby?

• Live to far from the town • Get lonely as it was away from people • Long walk to town • If there was a health issue, they were nervous that they couldn’t cope if something happened

What things would you like to make living there easier?

• A washing machine in each flat • Someone left faeces in the communal washing machines • Want fridges, ovens and freezers at face height as they are awkward to see into • Had to request to change the kitchen because it was hard to bend down

Pain points observed: Height of fridges and other appliances

Desirable to be at face height to minimise stretching

Bending down in the kitchen Wasted space in apartment

Would be nice to have modular things

What do you like about living in the retirement flat?

• Less of a burden to upkeep it as it is much smaller

• Make things more modular. There is a lot wasted space but this could be just this example • Walk in cupboards

Key Insights:

• Still having independence as it is a retirement flat

• Better heating that works automatically and does not require physically topping up

• Safety is of key importance

• Good social life pre covid

• Social factors play a major role

• Shared downstairs living room with the rest of the building

• There is a sense of ease associated with a smaller property

• Fish and chip nights

• Property designed for the elderly is expensive.

• Cheese and wine

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Primary Research : Interview with MJ Black

Date: 21-01-21

MJ is a young graphic designer with a particular interest in accessibly due to his use of a wheelchair. We sought out his opinion as we thought it would help shed light on how someone who is not in the stereotypical mobility impaired demographic approaches the product design of typical assisted living solutions. This interview was conducted through text messaging as well as telephone call.

A sample of the insights gained were: • MJ seemed dissatisfied with the current offering of assisted living solutions, calling them ‘clunky’, ‘expensive’ and ‘obtrusive’.

• He felt that mobility, independence and dignity are strongly linked, and through giving someone back their mobility they regain their independence.

• Not all days are the same, even for the same person. A single person has differing mobility needs day-to-day due to a wide range of factors. An example given was needing a wheelchair to travel a short distance, or the ability to bend down to clean or reach something from the floor.

• There is a huge range of mobility impairment, and not all are outwardly visible or predictable. As well as this, a lot of impairments come on quickly or happen as the result of an accident - making it tough for someone to quickly adapt to a new way of living.

When asked what product MJ would like to see, he said he’d want ‘a height adjustable over bed table that attached to [a] bed frame on rollers’. This would mean he could ‘roll it to the foot end when [he] want[s] to sleep or get out of bed’ as well as means he ‘can also work from bed’. This would mean he ‘could leave [his] laptop or art supplies on it and come back to it later.’ This would be better than existing solutions as it would ‘take up less space on the floor’ and allow him to keep storage space under his bed.

From this conversation, we can see that there is a plethora of development possible in the assisted living product market, however the challenge lies in creating universal usability.

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Some examples of products that MJ felt were poorly designed.

So What?

• Learnt some valuable insights into the reception of assisted living products.

What Next?

• Conduct further primary research into other demographics that would use a home throughout its lifetime.

Shortlisted Concepts: Height and Mobility 1

Date: 21-01-21

Height Changer: Move cabinets/large appliances/worktops to easily usable heights Oven/Hob:

Worktop:

Key Insights: • Hobs and ovens cannot be at a comfortable height if they are part of the same unit.

• Reaching the top shelf is difficult for many people.

• Worktop heights are not only difficult to use for the differently able but also children.

Considerations: Shelves:

• Must be easy to move • Springs?

• Gears?

• Powered?

• Installation Other Applications: • Dishwashers, Washing Machines, Dryers • Desks • Clothes Storage • Cupboards • Chest of Drawers

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Shortlisted Concepts: Height and Mobility 2

Date: 21-01-21

Discrete & Aesthetic Handrails: Incorporate hidden mechanisms into the home to provide additional support

Key Insights: • Often only a small amount of support is necessary.

• Additional surfaces are very helpful for resting and support.

• Multifunctional product that can be use as a table/surface.

Considerations: • Strength • Installation • Variable Home Aesthetics Mechanisms • Tenfold Technology • Levers • Linkages

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Initial Concepts for Evaluation : RSA 1

Date: 21-01-21

Concept 1: Light Orb Based on the insight of last metre lighting, whether this be from the light switch to the bed, or at night without wanting to wake up by turning on a main light. This bedside lamp can be disconnected from its base to be carried around to provide mobile light.

Concept 2: Simplified Shower Shower controls are notoriously difficult to use, whether it be a unknown shower in a hotel, or reaching to change the temperature with hair full of shampoo. Compounding this is the difficulty of those with mobility impalements to use a lot of the controls on modern showers. Twisting motion can be very painful for those with arthritis and a host of other wrist and hand based conditions.

To counter this, this shower uses simple, large sliders to control power and temperature and still look modern.

Concept 3: An alternate accessible tap Accessible taps have this certain look to them. Long, ugly handles which make them stand out. This works in public bathrooms to highlight their accessibility however look ugly in a home setting. This tap has a lightly sprung collapsible handle so it can be extended as far as needed so the user can get as much leverage as the need. The handle then collapses back to a short and attractive form when not in use.

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Shortlisted Concept - Door Access

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Date: 21-01-21

Tutorial 1

Date: 22-01-21

Hugh liked the current ideas, and thought that we could expand our focus into three distinct categories.

Up & Down - Looking mainly at the issues surrounding lifting and bending over.

In & Out - Concentrating on how things can be pushed and pulled, and how this can be adapted for all physical abilities.

Control - Focus on the interaction between person and product, and how this can be simplified. How do you develop a ‘language’ of control?

It was suggested that we continue working on different aspects of a home. Once these concepts are more developed they may be able to link together to make a stronger and more full system.

As well as this, we should think about designing technology for the elderly. Do not only limit this to the current elderly by also the elderly in 20 years. The next set of elderly people are most likely to be more tech savvy. This does not meant that they do not have the same physical problems.

Next Steps: Control: • Universal Control Scheme • Sympathetic User Testing • Types of Motion for Control In & Out: • Interaction with self motion door • Adapt door closer mechanism for specific uses Up & Down: • Mechanism to move weight easily • Applications around the house

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Primary Research : Human Study (1)

Date: 25-01-21

A human study was undertaken to give empathetic insight into the struggles of using common household objects and controls whilst having impaired dexterity.

Oven gloves were used to cover hands, in an attempt to limit the individual movement of each finger, as well as limit the feedback of pressure and touch sensors in the hands.

12 cans of assorted beans were stuffed into the pockets of two large jackets - used to simulate tiredness and limited shoulder movement.

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Primary Research : Human Study (2)

Date: 25-01-21

Overall, this study was very helpful in revealing the pain points of the kitchen. Particular examples of difficulties were using a can opener to open a can and chopping an onion.

Both of these tasks had a common theme of complex movement. Chopping involved holding the onion steady as well as gripping the knife in a forwards and downwards movement whilst opening the can involved gripping the can opener and twisting the handle all whilst keeping the can relatively still.

This really highlighted the difficulties some can face for what we would consider very easy and simple daily tasks.

Taking this study further, I should try a further range of controls and buttons for various tasks around the home.

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Up & Down : Overview Manual vs Powered:

Retrofit vs Inbuilt:

Manual

Retrofit

• Generally cheaper

• Less construction so often much cheaper for the user

• Requires less construction • Needs fewer complex components • Likely to be more reliable Powered • Require less physical effort by the user • Powered solutions often allow for use by all abilities

• Uses pre-existing materials, so usually cheaper for the manufacturer • Fewer products need to be made • Less weight needs to be shipped • Less storage space needs to be allocated • Reusing materials is more environmentally conscious • Retrofit solutions have a lower threshold for uptake

Flexible Connections:

Many items in the home require connections in order to function. These must be considered when designing a product that allows them to move. Some examples of these could be: Electricity • Hob • Oven • In-built microwave • Extraction system Gas • Gas Hob

• Retrofit has complications with varying kitchen aesthetics

• Oven

Inbuilt

Water & Waste Water

• Inbuilt is easier to produce

• Sink

• Single set of specifications • Full internal design • Reduced Interfaces

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Date: 27-01-21

• Boiler

• Dishwasher • Washing Machine

Up & Down : Powered Mechanism Sash Window Opener:

Embedded Lifting Systems: TL24:

TL25:

Observations • Powered Rack and Pinion Mechanism • 12V Motor • Wired Connection between motor, control, and power source • Linear Motion

Although simple, this solution is not discrete. As well as this, the design language used is fairly obtuse, with harsh squared corners combined with a bright white colour. This makes the device look almost medical in nature.

• Simple Installation

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Date: 27-01-21

• Internally Housed Components • Large Product Range • High Max Load (>150kg) • Expensive https://www.timotion.com/en/products/lifting-columns

TL8:

Up & Down: Manual Assisted Mechanisms

Date: 28-01-21

Pulleys:

Sprung Runners:

Gas Springs:

• Compound Pulleys

• Locked Single Axis

• Adjustable

• Mechanical Advantage

• Strong

• Quiet Operation

• Scaled Down Force

• Stored Potential Energy

• Stored Potential Energy

• Scaled Up Length

• Simple

• Pressure Provides Support

• Multiple Moving Parts

• Single Component • Cheap Hardware

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Up & Down: Gas Lift Mechanism

Date: 28-01-21

Gas lift mechanisms are commonplace in the home. Most often used in office chairs, they allow for a noticeable change in height from the push of a lever due to the compressed gas contained inside them.

Looking online, there are examples of people using recycled gas springs for other linear motion such as to raise a table.

Use • Linear controlled motion • Pressure supported • Assisted lift • Only weight difference needed to change direction • High maximum weight Limitations • Extensions limited to half piston length • Requires user force to move • Set weight bands • Cannot accommodate for large changes in weight.

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Up & Down: Weight Assisted Use Case

Date: 29-01-21

Providing the Weight Differential: Using an ergonomic weight that can be moved around easily to provide the additional downward force. This makes the solution accessible to a wider target market and reduces force needed by the user. Wheels allow the weight to be pushed instead of lifting, reducing force required.

Applications: Kitchen: • Hob

Other: • Cupboards

• Oven

• Wardrobes

• Cupboards

• Shelves

• Washing Machine

• Desks

• Dryer

• Chairs

• Dishwasher • Counter Top • Sink • Fridge • Freezer

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• Sofa

Control Development (1)

Date: 27-01-21

Further development the concepts from the idea shortlist.

Shower controls have been rotated to vertical in order to keep users wrists straight whilst in operation.

Explored the possibility of adding further accessibility aids in the form of handles, colour, form and lighting.

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Control Development (2)

Date: 27-01-21

Looking at the bedside lamp concept, I focused on form as well as the ergonomic usability.

Looking and testing the ergonomics of different shapes, switches and forms around a flat, I tried to identify a form that is satisfying and easy to hold, as well as has a flat surface it can be placed to stop it rolling away.

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Control Development (3)

Date: 27-01-21

From a conversation with Hugh, as well as the interview with an elderly relative, we began to think about the world of universal control.

As can be seen from the image below, traditional remote controls are overly complex, with tens of buttons in a non standardised layout.

This can make them difficult to pick up and use, as the user has to learn multiple layouts of all the controls in their home.

Furthermore, we looked at items in the home that are not traditionally used with a remote control, for example heating and lighting.

Combining these as well as traditional television and

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sound remotes onto a single device change how one interacts with their home.

Motion and proximity sensors as well as cameras with tracking markers could be used to identify the position and rotation of the remote, therefore deciding which device to control.

A challenge of this idea would be simplifying the control scheme whilst keeping it universal, as different devices require different types of input.

In/Out - Overview

Date: 26-01-21

Roller Door

Sliding Door

• No clearance required for door swing; increased use of floor space.

• Visually pleasing.

• Easy to retrofit.

• Perfect for anyone regardless of mobility level.

• Some issues with space.

• Would have to be powered.

• Easier access for disabled and elderly.

• No interaction required.

• Almost impossible to retrofit in most circumstances.

• Potentially costly.

• Likely very expensive.

Automatic Swing Door

Curtain Door

• No interaction required for opening.

• Difficult to include all features of a solid door in a curtain style.

• Better for mobility impaired people.

• Incredibly easy to retrofit.

• Likely inexpensive.

Folding Door

• Would be good for low mobility/dexterity.

• Could incorporate magnetism for sealing.

• Retrofit very viable.

• Probably not expensive.

• Relatively easy to retrofit.

• Would have to consider space for door to fold into.

Key Issue - Interaction with Door

• Might not reduce effort in interaction sufficiently.

• Normal twist motion handle can be difficult to interact with for children, elderly, arthritic - people with low dexterity/grip strength.

• Electronic/automatic mechanism would streamline movement through the home.

• Electronic mechanism would require a manual override in case of electronic failure.

• Push catch door latch; might be a struggle with a swing motion on a large door

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In/Out - Mechanisms 1

Date: 27-01-21

Manual Available Mechanisms:

Electronic Available Mechanisms:

• Slide Arm - Arm connecting door • Mechanisms very similar to manual, but are activated by and frame is parallel to the some form of sensor; motor door when closed. is activated, pushing the rack • Projecting Arm - Arm is of rack and pinion out, thus perpendicular to the door when opening door, door locks open closed. for predetermined time, motor Orientations: reverses and closes door at constant speed.

• Door mount • Transom mount • Pull Side

• Available sensors include motion, pressure, sound, etc

• Push Side Internal Mechanisms: • Rack and pinion; common with projected arm • Cam action; common with slide arm, can be made far more subtle and flush with the wall.

Final Decision Due to the target demographic and the focus on accessibility electronic mechanisms were shown to be more favourable.

Additional research should be undertaken to assess the cost of this approach if taken further.

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In/Out - Mechanism 2

Date: 27-01-21

Additional Features on Door Closer Mechanisms • Backcheck; mechanism has damping springs to prevent door from being opened violently, and so protects the mechanism, the adjacent wall/ furniture.

• Delayed action; door held open for predetermined time to allow for movement of multiple people, wheelchairs, trolleys, prams etc, can be set from seconds to minutes.

• Latching action; increases the speed of the closing motion directly before reaching the latch to ensure door correctly closes.

• Adjustable closing speed; can be altered by tightening springs in a manual, or by altering the motor speed in an electric mechanism.

Key Insights • Can achieve a subtle elegant mechanism that would allow door to be easily opened and closed with minimal strength required.

• Electronic mechanism would come at higher cost, and for a large house with many doors this is undesirable.

• Electronic mechanism could have communication with individuals in the home (phone etc) to make door open without any interaction required.

• Automatic locking of doors for preventing child access, or for main doors to home very easy to implement.

• Current door closers, manual and electronic, are very easy to retrofit.

• Current mechanisms could be adapted to specific circumstances in the home.

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Tutorial 2

Date: 29-01-21

In this tutorial, we discussed the progress we had made in the prior week, with the aim to eliminate one of our areas of research. The following points were discussed.

Up & Down: • What about storage space that you loose?

• How easy is it to push down again? Actual forces?

• Manual seems counter intuitive • Look more into linear actuators • Long Term Storage vs Short Term Storage • Use Mains Water Pressure Control: • Universal Control System (UCS) • How would you get manufactures to make their products with these controls?

• Switch in control module for specific users (Arthritis etc.)

In & Out: • Leaving doors open/leaving keys/ • Monitoring doors?

• Not particularly viable or winning area From these comments, we decided to stop progress on the in & out areas of research, and try and look to combine different ideas in the up&down and control areas.

Next Steps: Up & Down: • Look further into existing products • Explore powered mechanisms • Continue to look at a wide range of power options.

Control: • Big difficulties with integration • What controls do different ailments require?

In & Out: • Do not continue

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Decision Matrix - Idea Evaluation

Factors

Date: 29-01-21

Weighting Gas Spring

Linear Actuator

Pulley System

Sprung Runners

Mains Pressure

Effort Required

40

Medium (2)

Minimal (3)

Medium (2)

Minimal (3)

Minimal (3)

Usefulness

15

Medium (2)

High (3)

High (3)

Low (1)

Medium (2)

Retrofit or Inbuilt

5

Retrofit (2)

Retrofit (2)

Retrofit (2)

Retrofit (2)

Inbuilt (1)

Feasibility

20

Simple (3)

Simple (3)

Medium (2)

Simple (3)

Complex (1)

Cost

20

Medium (2)

High (1)

Medium (2)

Low (3)

High (1)

220

255

215

225

195

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Flexible connections, gas springs and other exciting mechanisms

Date: 01-02-21

If cupboards, sinks and other plumbed appliances are going to be lifted up, there needs to be a way to keep any connections they have connected.

Thankfully, all necessary connections for a kitchen can already be found using flexible tubing rated for their usage. Using flexible cable guides would constrain this to a single direction and be perfect for lifting up or down.

Flexible waste pipe

Flexible gas hose

Looking at lifting mechanisms, one option without having to resort to connecting each surface to mains electricity is to use gas struts. This would add the effect of a counterweight, making the surfaces easier to lift.

Flexible water inlet pipe

Unidirectional flexible cable guide

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However, the changing nature of the weight of a surface or cupboard could pose a challenge here as it would upset the balance, making it more difficult to push or pull and easier to do the opposite.

Existing Products:

Date: 01-02-21

Main Products • Accessible Shelving/Cupboards • Moveable Worktops • Wheelchair Space Main Problems: • Expensive (very little information online about pricing) • £3000 per Powered Cupboard Mechanism • £300 per Pull Down Cupboard Mechanism • £1000 per 1m Counter Space (ROPOX) • Limited Range • Invasive Installation • Heavy Mechanisms • Space Lost

Areas to focus on • Price • Installation (retrofit) • Efficiency of space

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Powered lifting mechanism

Date: 02-02-21

One common use of powered lifting mechanisms is in standing desks. These often consist of linear actuators with accompanying motors and control circuitry. However, these are often expensive, bulky and very heavy.

Commercial offerings are available such as Ikea’s IDASEN sit/stand desk. However, the actuators in this model seem rather large, and if adapted to a kitchen environment might encroach on cupboard space.

However, the nested sliders are a neat solution to get a wide range of different heights.

A modern linear actuator consists of a lead screw attached to an integrated motor and gearbox.

Depending on the gearing of the gearbox, a wide range of speed and torque can be applied to the output.

Out of these components, the motor is the most complex to manufacture, as well as contains the most expensive materials and manufacture processes.

Looking on the internet, there are a few documented DIY standing desks.

This one by reddit user Drivenbyentropy integrates the linear actuators into the legs of the table.

However, whilst doing all the labour themselves the project still cost more than $400, with the majority of this cost associated with the linear actuator and control circuitry.

This leaves the question of if its possible to separate and reuse the expensive motors and control circuitry from the cheaper slider mechanism.

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To reduce the cost of a set of linear actuators, the motors and gearbox should be separated from the lead screw.

So What?

• Explored the uses of linear actuators.

What Next?

• Look at ways to adapt the traditional linear actuator by removing the motor and having it as a separate entity.

Hybrid Solutions

Removable Motor Block Motor block slotted into place, actuates vertical motion, cupboard slides down to reachable height.

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Date: 03-02-21

Motor Block And Charger Removable motor kept in charger cradle until required to move cupboards.

The Hybrid Solution: Interchangeable Motor

Date: 03-02-21

Key Features: • Single Shared Motor • Reduced Mechanism Complexity • No Invasive Wiring Needed • Portable Battery • Short Duration Operation • High Power Requirements • Low Capacity Requirements • Simple Operation • Discrete

Next Steps: • Market Research • Suitable Mechanism • As simple as possible in each unit • Interface Connection • In-situ Use Cases • Concept Drawings • Additional Development Next Week: • Cardboard and String Model • Alu Extrusion and Motor Powered Prototype

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Comparison Matrix - Existing Products Factors

Date: 03-02-21

Weighting ActivMotion

Freedom

Magnet Trade

Ropox

25

Medium (2)

High (1)

Varied/Medium (2)

High (1)

Auto/Manual

10

Powered (1)

Powered (1)

Manual (2)

Powered (1)

Retrofit or Inbuilt

15

Retrofit (2)

Inbuilt (1)

Retrofit (2)

Retrofit (2)

Aesthetic Disruption

20

High (1)

Low (3)

Medium (2)

Medium (2)

Flexibility

15

High (3)

Medium (2)

Medium (2)

High (3)

Usefulness

15

High (3)

High (3)

High (3)

High (3)

200

185

215

195

Cost

VV

Looking at some other existing accessible kitchen providers, we noticed some similarities.

In comparing them against each other we sought to see what each one did best, and how we could incorporate this into our own solution.

An example of Magnet Trade’s accessible kitchen.

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 37

Motor Evaluation Stepper

Brushed DC

Date: 02-02-21

Servo

Advantages

Advantages

Advantages

Complete control of motion to fraction of degree resolution

Easy to power from battery due to large range of voltage input

Complete control of motion to small fraction of a degree resolution

Fairly small compared to most servos

Small form factor compared to torque output

Available in very powerful configurations Locks when powered

Locks when powered Disadvantages Disadvantages

Difficult to control precisely

Disadvantages

Needs more complex control circuitry than DC motor

Can generate a lot of heat

Has a rotation lock

May need gearing down to achieve desired torque

Requires more power per output torque than DC motor

Requires more power per output torque than DC motor Fairly bulky

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 38

Usually has a bulky enclosure

The Hybrid Solution: Lead Screw

Date: 03-02-21

Properties:

High Helix vs Trapezoidal:

• Rotary to Linear Motion

• Trapezoidal Has Larger Mechanical Advantage

• ‘Pre-Geared’ Rod • Gearing created through screw pitch • Single Axis Operation Common Uses: • 3D Printer Z Motion

• Trapezoidal Is Self Locking • Trapezoidal has smaller pitch angle

• Electric Linear Actuators

• Lead screws & nuts cannot be moved without external force

• Medical Devices

• Eliminates need for brake

• Vices

• Automotive Assembly Lines Advantages: • Large Load Carrying Capability • Compact • Simple • Easy to Manufacture • No specialized machinery is required • Minimal Parts • Large Mechanical Advantage • Precise and Accurate • Smooth and Quiet Motion • Low maintenance

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 39

• Trapezoidal Moves Shorter Distance Each Rotation

Questionnaire

Date: 04-02-21

In order to get an insight into all potential users of an adaptable kitchen, we decided to poll a set of people living with mobility or age related concerns.

We felt that this set would help us stay inclusive to the entire spectrum of movement ability.

We contacted the Dawes Homes Trust, a charity who seeks to ‘provide homes for aged folk of modest means’ and distributed a survey of their residents.

Dear Resident of Dawes Close My name is Charlie, and I’m Fiona’s son. I’m currently in my 4th year of University at Glasgow School of Art and would like your help with one of my current projects.

I am part of a team entering a design competition with the Royal Society for Arts (RSA). This project encompasses inclusive design in a home setting. As a team we wanted to focus on the kitchen experience, as we think that this could be improved to be more user friendly to a greater percentage of the population.

We are a group of Masters Product Design Engineering students the Glasgow School of Art currently undertaking a project centred on inclusive design. It would be really helpful to us if you would be able to fill out this quick survey regarding the ease of kitchen activities.

All data and responses will be used anonymously.

1)

It would be a massive help to us if you could fill out the questionaire attached, giving us an insight into how people use and interact with their kitchens.

All data given is anonomous and will be treated in accordance to GDPR. When you have finished your questionaire, please drop it round to Pat, so she can collate them ready for collection by Fiona on Thursday.

4)

Please tick the appropiate box.

How often do you cook your own meals? []

Less than once a week

[]

1 to 3 times a week

[]

4 to 6 times a week

[]

Daily

On a scale of 0-5, how easy is it for you to reach the bottom shelf in your bottom cupboard?

0 - Very Easy

[]

Strongly Agree

[]

1

[]

Slightly Agree

[]

2

[]

Neither Agree nor Disagree

[]

3

[]

Slightly Disagree

[]

4

[]

Strongly Disagree

[]

5 - Very Difficult

Please tick the relevant box regarding the following statement.

I find myself cooking less complex meals due to difficulties accessing kitchen appliances/storage.

Charlie.

[]

Strongly Agree

[]

Slightly Agree

[]

0 - Very Easy

[]

Neither Agree nor Disagree

[]

1

[]

Slightly Disagree

[]

2

[]

Strongly Disagree

[]

3

[]

4

[]

5 - Very Difficult

3)

Please tick the relevant box regarding the following statement.

Overall I find my kitchen easy to use. []

Strongly Agree

[]

Slightly Agree

[]

Neither Agree nor Disagree

[]

Slightly Disagree

[]

Strongly Disagree

7)

Is there one particular product that is more/less difficult to use than others, and if there is, why do you find it more/less difficult to use than others?

8)

Do you have any other comments on the ease of use of your kitchen?

9)

Are there any other stand out items in your house that you have particular difficulty interacting with, and if so why?

If this is difficult for you, please could you elaborate on any motion that you find particularly difficult.

5)

Please tick the relevant box regarding the following statement.

Overall I find the products in my kitchen easy to use.

[]

Thanks again

2)

6)

On a scale of 0-5, how easy is it for you to reach the top shelf in your top cupboard?

If this is difficult for you, please could you elaborate on any motion that you find particularly difficult.

Thank you for your contribution to our project!

Continued on next page

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 40

Continued on next page

All data is anonymously will be used in respect to GDPR guidelines.

Questionnaire Analysis Here is a selection of useful data gathered from the questionnaire. Overall, whilst providing some good insight the data pool is too small to draw legitimate conclusions from.

Overall, the survey gave us useful, good results from which we can draw insights. It showed that the elderly community overwhelmingly rely on the use of their kitchen daily.

It also showed there was a distinct subsection of the elderly population that found it very difficult or difficult to reach both their top and bottom cupboards, confirming our hypotheses around the difficulties of mobility impairments.

Date: 15-02-21

Furthermore, through follow-up interviews, there was a general consensus that the residents would be happy to try an accessible kitchen solution as long as it was ‘easy to use’ and ‘simple’.

Reasons for Difficulty in bending down • ‘Trying to get into bottom shelf is very difficult as in old age it’s so easy to fall when bending over’ Reasons for Difficulty in reaching up • ‘Have to stand on steps to reach’ • ‘Stretching, as I have arthritis’ • ‘Top shelf too high - stool needed to access’ • ‘It’s difficult trying to stretch up to shelf and having to use steps’ Main pain points in the kitchen • ‘Bending down to get hot food from the oven to the counter’ • ‘Cleaning inside windows, as I can’t climb up to them in case I fall.’

• ‘The oven bending down to put food in and again to get hot food out plus cleaning. Eye level oven would be ideal.’

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 41

Prototype Mechanism:

Date: 04-02-21

Difficulties: • Very Few Mechanisms Without Motor • No Simple Motor Integration • Gearbox Integration Necessary • Very Expensive (~£200) • Only Shipped From China • Long Lead Time Building one ourselves • Trapezoidal Lead Screw • Locked Axis • Lead Screw Contained • Strong Linear Supports • Moving Carriage • Lead Screw Nut Integration • Motor Connection • Gearbox Not being able to easily find the product that we needed to make was both frustrating and promising. This is quite an undeveloped area. Linear actuators are typically used in expensive machinery and used in conjunction with other moving parts.

For this reason a removable motor in a linear actuator scenario is uncommon. Creating this solution would both be novel and open up many opportunities for linear actuators due to the price reduction.

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 42

Tutorial 3

Date: 04-02-21

The discussion focussed upon the specifics of the mechanisms and the breadth of the potential of the solution.

The main concerns with the mechanism were in relation to the strength, power and durability of lead screws, especially in a hazardous and dirty kitchen environment.

Key Points: • Can you use more of the room now that it goes up and down • Lateral movement?

• Connections? Flexible Cables • Are there any other options with other alternatives?

• Make sure you know all about lead screws!

• Fitted Kitchen (need to slice it up)

Next Steps: Up & Down: What else can we use this solution for?

Does it allow more than just cleaning What does this mean for the whole kitchen?

Become experts on lead screws and related mechanisms Work out some basic calculations for lifting using lead screws What else can be ‘screw jack enabled’?

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 43

Hybrid solution - connections

Date: 06-02-21

To give a feel for how a hybrid solution would work with the motor separate from the lead screw in the linear actuator, we created an initial mockup to test user interaction.

Overall, we found it fairly natural to use the motor control as a sort of ‘key’ to insert into a slot, however there would need to be a complementary simplistic control scheme to move the units.

However, we noticed that when not in use there was no ‘home’ in which to put the motor. This could become an integrated charging block so the motor is always topped up with charge when not in use.

Furthermore, we noticed the ergonomics of this particular form were odd. The sharp edges pressed into hands, and the square nature of the form in comparison to the keyed insert made it difficult to intuitively know which way to insert the block.

In order to correct this, a keyway with a degree of rotation symmetry could be used, as well as a form that more effectively communicates its upward direction.

So what?

• A hybrid solution of separating motor and lead screw felt natural in the hand • Generated design insights to take to next iteration of form design.

What now?

• Create further mockups • Conduct further testing into the ergonomics of this form • Look at components and how they would fit into the block

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 44

Visual Prototyping Standard Kitchen:

Oven/Hob:

Date: 06-02-21

In order to better understand the product, early visual prototyping was carried out. This allowed us to see how a standard kitchen could be adapted to be much more accessible.

Using a real kitchen highlighted the need for a range of products rather than a single solution.

Visual prototyping also highlights the possibility of the solution being relatively discrete.

Base Units:

Wall Cupboards:

Observations • Less noticeable than originally thought • What happens to the extractor fan?

Will pots and pans get squished • Does this make cleaning easier? How can we include this as a feature?

• Work surfaces do not need to be sectioned off as much as initially conceived.

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 45

Screw Jack Mechanism The screw jack mechanism is used in many industrial applications from steel works to nuclear equipment.

They are able to lift, position, align and hold load. Screw jack’s have high reliability and can be connected together to work in synchronisation.

Screw jacks are made up of two separate connecting systems: a worm and wheel gear and a lead screw with T-nut. Both of these mechanisms have similar properties and when used in conjunction creates a strong, selflocking linear motion mechanism.

Worm and Wheel Mechanism: • Translates rotary motion 90 degrees • Can be geared to create mechanical advantage • Self-locking properties • Worm gear can drive the wheel bi-directionally • Wheel gear cannot be used to drive the worm gear • Wheel gear is locked in position when worm gear is not driven

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 46

Date: 08-02-21

Lead Screw and T-Nut: • Translates rotary to linear motion • Can be geared to create mechanical advantage • Self-locking properties • Low pitch angle and trapezoid threaded lead screw Screw Jack Mechanism: • Translates rotary motion to linear motion at 90 degrees • Can be geared to create large mechanical advantage • Locks when worm gear axle is not driven

Screw Jack Calculations

Date: 08-02-21

Using Values for a 5kN Screw Jack Mechanism Motor Speed: Smotor =

Required Linear Travel Speed (mm/min) /Worm Gear Travel Rate (mm/rev)

=

1500/2

=

750 RPM

Input Torque Tin

=

Nominal Torque (Nm)*Cupboard Load (kN)/Nominal Load (kN)

=

2.37 * 1/5

=

0.474 Nm

Power Requirement for a Single Jack Pin = Input Torque * Motor Speed * (2 Pi/ 60*1000) = TinSmotor / 9550 = 0.0372kW = 37.2W for a Linear Cupboard Speed of 25 mm/s

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 47

Prototype 1: Worm and Wheel Lead Screw

Date: 09-02-21

Lead Screw

T-Nut

3D Printed Parts: CAD Designed Wheel Gear

Insights: • Very strong locking mechanism • Rotary to 90 degree linear motion

Worm Gear

• Motion is not smooth • Reduce friction on the T-Nut carriage • Too Slow • Decrease gear ratio

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 48

Metal Worm & Wheel Mechanism

Date: 10-02-21

Finding worm and wheel mechanisms by themselves was incredibly difficult. Many simple brushed DC motors had similar worm and wheel gearboxes on them that both sped up the initial worm and wheel gearing as well as translating motion 90 degrees.

These however were not possible to buy separately other than in huge quantities from China. Many forums commented on how they were not easy to remove and the worm gear had a very small bore that would not work with the sized shafts we were working with.

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 49

The images below are from the blog of a company that is currently developing a small 3D printed worm and wheel gearbox with low speed reduction from the worm to the wheel. Unfortunately the project is still in development and after contacting the company was told that it was not currently for sale and would definitely not be for the whole of this project.

Due to the lack of suitable worm and wheel mechanisms on the market it was necessary to continue 3D printing the gears as well as the housing in order to prototype effectively.

Primary Research: B&Q Field Trip In order to get inspiration as well as look at different configurations of kitchens we took a field trip to the B&Q kitchen showroom.

In doing this, we discovered the versatility of the kitchen as a space, with the many different layouts and appliance integration methods we had not previously considered.

What struck us was also the price of a new kitchen, even without any alterations or accessibility upgrades.

Furthermore, looking at the assembly of these kitchens, one challenge that we would have to overcome if moving bottom appliances and cabinets would be the work surface, as these seemed only to be sold as solid sheets, with joins at corners.

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 50

Date: 10-02-21

Proof of concept: Cupboard

Date: 11-02-21

In order to move cupboards using an external motor, we need to re-think how a tradition linear actuator works. By decoupling the motor, this allows the ‘carriage’ of a traditional linear actuator to be used as a wall mount, as there is no wiring to be run to the motor.

In turn, this creates a discrete solution, hiding the bulk of the ugly, industrial looking brackets behind the moving cupboard.

Furthermore, this approach does not need to be used on new cupboards. In creating a ‘mount’, this could be used to retro-fit cabinets with the addition of a cabinet back.

Initial concept sketches So What?: • Looked at how to re-mix the design of a traditional linear actuator.

• Found a solution conducive to retrofitting What Next?: • Further explore the aesthetics of this approach Side view of potential mechanism

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 51

• Look into the wall bracket, and how this can be optimised for both strength and discreteness.

Mechanism exploration and animation

Date: 11-02-21

To view these animations, please click on them. If this doesn’t work, please visit the links in the appendix.

So What?: In order to better visualise our cupboard mechanism, we collaboratively created an mockup in sketchup. This allowed us to all have input into and critique of the mechanism.

The output of this was a basic outline of a working mechanism for a top kitchen cupboard. This included the use of runners to stabilise the cupboard against the back wall, as well as a protective housing to contain the front drive shaft.

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 52

We ruminated over the design of the wall bracket, settling on a U shape that is hidden at as much time as possible, only visible at the top when the cupboard is lowered more than the difference between the height of the cupboard and height of the bracket. We felt this solution was a good compromise between flexibility, rigidity and aesthetics.

• Got better insight into the layout and principles behind the cupboard mechanism • Created good visual illustrations of this motion What Next?: • Look at more professional and exact forms of CAD • Look at improving the form of the motor interface and housing

Tutorial 4

Date: 12-02-21

This tutorial looked at other areas of the kitchen, as well as around the home that could become more accessible through the use of portable mechanical power.

We were also pushed to think even further about the solution and what additional functionality it could give a home.

Key Points: • What can you actually do with this new kind of kitchen?

• What does that mean for the future of kitchens?

• Good next steps • Implications of storage • Super creativity around this idea • 3D Models of Retrofit and new kitchens

Next Steps: Faster Mechanism: • Worm Gearbox Research • None out there at pricepoint and size) • Build Faster Worm Gearbox Second Prototype: • CAD Model of Whole Product • L-Mechanism • Connection to the Wall • Connection to the Cupboard • Good Render Design Other Lifting Mechanism: • Oven/Hob/Dishwasher • Foot Design • Interconnection of multiple feet • Create a Standard Connection?

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 53

What Does This Mean For Kitchens?

What Could This Solution Allow?

• Cupboards and work surfaces can be sent up to the ceiling • Chairs and tables can be stored behind them, against the walls?

• Smaller kitchens could be adapted to different functions Some units would be more difficult to send to the ceiling than others: • Sink • Fridge • Oven • Dishwasher • Even these harder units could be moved using flexi-connections.

Why Is This Not Our Solution?

• This would require motors in all moving components • Access to controls would be difficult when elevated to the ceiling (unless separate/wall switch controls) • Visible mechanism at that range • Expensive • More like existing products • Balancing issues at full extension

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 54

Date: 12-02-21

What is Our Solution: Kitchen 2.0?

Standard Kitchen:

Kitchen 2.0: Static

Date: 13-02-21

Kitchen 2.0: In Use Variable Height Surfaces & Appliances: • Children Friendly Lower Positions • Wheelchair User Accessible • Adjustable Height for Maximum Comfort Moveable Wall Storage: • Additional Storage Space • Safe and Comfortable Access • Child Lock Cabinets Out of Reach of Children

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 55

Prototype 2: Design

Date: 13-02-21

Wall Bracket

Carriage

Lead Screw

Runners

Bevel Gear Dimensions:

Components: • Lead Screw (Back) • Threaded Bar (Horizontal) • Ball Bearing Runners x2

Gearbox

Parts: • Gearbox • Bevel Gearbox • Worm and Wheel Gearbox (Faster) • Carriage • Motor Interface Mechanism Materials: • Wood Board (Cabinet Bracket)

Cabinet Bracket Wireframe CAD of Prototype 2 Mechanism:

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 56

• Wood Board (Wall Bracket)

Prototype 2 - CAD

Date: 14-02-21

Bevel Gearbox Initially we thought to use a bevel gear mechanism to transfer the torque at 90 degrees. This was modelled on Fusion 360 and printed.

Carriage The carriage, also modelled in Fusion, is locked in its position, and angle, against the wall, while the lead screw can travel through it.

Worm and Wheel We opted for a far faster worm and wheel gearbox, also modelled and printed from Fusion 360.

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 57

Prototype 2: Build

Date: 16-02-21

Wall Bracket

Lead Screw

Carriage

Bevel Gearbox:

Runners

T-Nut

Cabinet Bracket

Learning • Mechanism is suitable and functional

Gearbox

• Desired Speed Can Be Achieved With 1:1 and 2:1 Gearing Ratios • Can Achieve Large Extensions

Threaded Bar

• Ball Bearing Runners Provide Smooth Motion • Bevel Gears Are Simple and Good For Motion But Do Not Give Enough Friction To Lock Under Expected Forces

Wall Bracket System:

Full Assembly:

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 58

Component Exploration

Date: 16-02-21

Looking at our plans for a removable motor block, it seemed to serve much of the same purpose as a traditional cordless drill.

Taking an old drill apart, we saw how this could be constructed into a pleasant hand held form factor.

Included in the drill were the following components: • Housing - Injection moulded ABS • Battery - 8 x 1.5v NiMH cells wired in series • Switch - Dual action switch with potentiometer trigger • Motor - RS500 12V brushed DC motor • Gearbox - in-line planetary variable torque This drill is an older model, however still contains nearly all the components needed for powerful rotation movement. The challenge here is to adapt this drill into a smaller, ‘power block’ that can be held in the hand.

Furthermore, the planetary gearbox can be swapped out, as the motor block would need to provide peak torque at all times. This could be changed for a far simpler traditional gearing in the right angle mechanism.

One component that needs to be reduced is the battery pack, as this is a large, heavy component of the drill. This could be reduced both by using more modern battery technology as well as looking at the use case of the battery block. As the motor block will not be used for as long period of time as a tradition drill, the battery capacity can be reduced as long as charging is sufficiently fast.

The potentiometer based switch could also be a useful addition to the motor block, allowing easy control over the speed of movement.

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 59

So What?: • Looked at a similar product providing rotational motion • Looked at key differences between our motor block and a traditional drill What Next?: • Continue to look at the components needed for the motor block

Motor interface initial mockups

Date: 17-02-21

Using the previous mockups, we created a composite image to imagine a screw jack enabled kitchen.

We noticed that the ‘sockets’ looked and blended into some surfaces significantly better than others. Of particular note was the oven, with no good place to put the socket.

However, overall we weren’t happy with the aesthetics of this image. The socket design needs a lot of work to be discrete enough for people to want to include it in.

So What?: • Looked at how the solution would work in a full kitchen environment What Next?: • Continue development on aesthetics of the solution • Consider the solution to base cupboards/cookers/fridges etc.

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 60

Early CAD Kitchen Visualisation Early Iteration Initially the mechanism was fitted into the kitchen units, and animated to allow the changing in height of the cupboards. We agreed though that it would have been better to see the units with the mechanisms in a real kitchen environment

Second Iteration Placing the initial units into a full room with real kitchen appliances was an attempt to visualise the product in a kitchen environment. We made the top cupboards transparent to show the mechanism, and implemented the base unit mechanisms. This showed the ability to change the height of the work surfaces for children etc.

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 61

17-02-21

Full form exploration

Date: 17-02-21

Looking at how the separate motor block and mechanisms would work in the context of a kitchen, and exploring some different designs and control schemes.

Discovery into the benefits of other mechanisms for different use cases, for example using counterweighted pulleys for a known weight appliance such as an oven.

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 62

Tutorial 5 This tutorial was centred on the transition of our concept into the form required for RSA submission. We focussed on the aesthetics and user interactions of the system, and how this would be perceived by the RSA judges.

We touched upon the need for cohesive branding, and how this can be used to make our solution stand out from others.

Key Points: • Needs to be way better than looking like sockets off a cabinet • Need to look into retrofit and new build • Placement for base units (hob/drawers) • How it gets used throughout different stages of life?

• Equipment being screw jack enabled?

Heavy kenwood mixer • An option for specific things that can go up to the ceiling. Long term storage?

• Need a good name of what it does not how it works • Plug the motor into the wall to bring lights down for maintenance?

Date: 19-02-21

Submission Timeline: Week 22nd Feb: • CAD Renders (Andrew) • Initial Skeleton of RSA Submissions

1 x Hero Image Plan + Sentence (Ben)

CAD Kitchen in Use with Interaction

1 x Written Summary (Ben)

Problem, Process, Proposal

4 x Boards Outlining Proposal (Charlie) Mechanism

Use in Context All Uses

Retrofit vs Built in • Connection Work

How the Motor and Shaft

Interface (Charlie)

How the Motor Block Sits on Base

Units (Ben) Ovens/Drawers/Washing Machines

Roller Curtain for Base Units (Andrew) • Name, Logo, Tag Line, Brand (All) Week 1st March: • Fill in RSA Submission Sheets • Decide on name etc.

• Any Additional Business Week 8th March: • Final Polishing for RSA • Reshoot current prototype with “cupboard” • Better Prototype

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 63

Hero Image Plan

Date: 20-02-21

Hero Skeleton: From Left to Right: Lower Surface Height • Children and Wheelchair Friendly Additional Storage Space • Larger Wall Cabinets Moveable Wall Cabinets • Wall Cabinet Moved Down For Easy Access Adjustable Base Appliances • Oven Moved Higher For Easy Access Moveable Wall Cabinets • Height Adjusted Away From Children’s Reach Motor Block • Removable • Interaction • Motion with Wall Cupboard

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 64

Long Term Storage: Adapted Application

Date: 26-02-21

Long Term Storage Solution: Adapting the mechanism to create a long term storage solutions requires increasing the vertical distance and preferably the number of cabinets moved per mechanism.

The wall cupboard mechanism is able to be hidden behind the cupboard when in its upper position due to the distance required. This would not be possible for a long term storage solution.

The long term storage solutions would either have a visible mechanism when retrofit to an existing kitchen or require being built into the wall. Both of these options are possible with the same mechanism.

The long term storage option uses the same mechanism and principle as the wall mounted cupboards other than the position of the motor interface. This is moved from the underside of the cabinets themselves to the base of the stationary mechanism. This allows easy operation even when the cupboards are at max extension.

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 65

Base Units: Mechanism

Date: 26-02-21

User’s Worktop

Motor Block

Initial Sketches of Proposed Base Unit Product:

Transmission Shaft Slice

Base Block 4 Connected Lead Screws

Side View of Base Unit Mechanism

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 66

The base unit mechanism is made up of two separate systems: the transmission slice and the base block. This is due to the internal complexity of the wide range of base units and appliances that it has to accommodate for. Many base appliances such as ovens and dishwashers would not be able to accommodate a mechanism running through them.

Even storage base cabinets with drawers would be difficult due to the moving components. Having a separate transmission slice creates a fully enclosed, sealed mechanism protected from the dirty environment which does not interfere with the units themselves.

This is a retrofit solution. Instead of requiring the user to purchase new base units and appliances, they can be placed onto the base unit mechanism to increase their functionality.

The base mechanism will also allow the user to retain their original work surface if desired. This will be achieved by cutting of the current work surface to fit the dimensions of each base mechanism. This will require professional equipment. Pre-cut material slabs will also be available.

The Product Catalogue

Date: 26-02-21

Base Units:

Wall Cupboards:

Long Term Storage:

Motor:

Transmission Slice

Wall Bracket

Wall Column

Motor Block

Base Mechanism

Cupboard Panel

Cupboard Mount

Charging Cradle

Transmission Bar

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 67

Motor Block Initial Form

Date: 25-02-21

Looking at the motor block, we needed to maximise power density whilst minimising volume and weight. This meant designing an initial form around the necessary components.

These components being a large, cylindrical motor and smaller cylindrical batteries. However, these components would create a lot of heat if manage ineffectively. Even though thermal limitations are lower risk due to the short burst style of operation, space inside could be left for heatsinks, possibly making the body out of a thermal conductor to take away excess heat.

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 68

Motor Block initial CAD

Date: 26-02-21

The design of this motor block took ergonomic inspiration from a digital camera, however with symmetrical sides so as to improve accessibility for lefthanded people. The controls were kept in the centre where they are most easily accessed by the user’s thumb, however access is not blocked for operation by all digits.

Initial CAD was created to visually represent the paper model, and allowed us to better understand the form of the product. The output images were helpful in allowing us to get feedback about the aesthetics of the block.

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 69

Initial Written Summary

Date: 27-02-21

Problem: Accessibility is a problem for everyone in a home. From young to old (and even in your prime) it can still be difficult to reach everything. Our homes are so rigidly designed at so many different heights and have no easy way to tailor them to our needs. Bending down to check food in the oven, reaching the top shelf and cooking with kids are but a few pain points around the home. Unfortunately, existing products cost large sums of money and have complex and invasive installation processes making them only viable for those in dire need.

Process: L-Evate uses an innovative removable motor that interfaces with a strong, self locking L-mechanism. This allows one motor block to service multiple mechanisms, dramatically reducing the complexity of each mechanism and the price of the overall solution.

The motor block has a modular attachment allowing it to be used across a large range of products. This provides a portable source of both mechanical and electrical power which eliminates the need for invasive wall wiring. The block is intuitive to use and has an ergonomic shape to be accessible to all.

The self locking L-mechanism is cheap, simple and lightweight due to the absence of the motor. Using automotive principles for lifting lorries, the mechanism is strong and locks at any height allowing for complete control.

Proposal: L-Evate allows you to tailor the height of your home, empowering people to make full use of the space they live in. This product range has endless possibilities from long term ceiling storage to variable height appliances.

Whatever stage of life you’re in, there will be a better height for your home.

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 70

Insight: The broad reach of this concept made it very difficult to write a summary for the project. The product has so many different uses that creating a focus in order to write a full and coherent description was necessary.

It is important to create a structured hierarchy of the main points of the project agreed by the all team members in order to progress with the description.

Defining Our Solution: Structured Hierarchy

Date: 28-02-21

1. Versatile Removable Motor

a. Portable Electrical and Mechanical Power (no Wiring) b. Intuitive & Inclusive

2. Self-Locking L Mechanism a. Quick, Easy and Cheap to Install b. Locks at any Height

3. Tailor the Height of your Home

a. Empowers people to make full use of the space they live in b. Rediscover your kitchen c. Make your kitchen a safer space i. Top Shelves ii. Kid height surfaces iii. Pain points (bending down etc.)

4. Make use of the Kitchen you Already Have a. Retrofit your current kitchen b. Minor Alterations c. Minimal Construction

Adaptable, Flexible, Inclusive

We tried to make a condensed summary of our solution in under 100 words. This was undertaken by the whole team to make sure we were all on the same page when creating the RSA submission sheets.

This exercise was very successful and allowed us to gain a much better grasp of the scope of the solution and highlighted the unique and innovative parts of our concept.

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 71

Comparison Matrix - Final Concept Factors

Weighting

Date: 28-02-21

Our Solution ActivMotion

Freedom Kitchens

Magnet Trade

Ropox

Cost

25

Low (3)

Medium (2)

High (1)

Varied/Medium (2)

High (1)

Auto/Powered

10

Hybrid (3)

Powered (1)

Powered (1)

Manual (2)

Powered (1)

Retrofit or Inbuilt

15

Retrofit (2)

Retrofit (2)

Inbuilt (1)

Retrofit (2)

Retrofit (2)

Aesthetic Disruption

20

Low (3)

High (1)

Low (3)

Medium (2)

Medium (2)

Flexibility

15

High (3)

High (3)

Medium (2)

Medium (2)

High (3)

Usefulness

15

High (3)

High (3)

High (3)

High (3)

High (3)

285

200

185

215

195

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 72

Updated Submission Timeline Hero Image + Sentence (CAD Kitchen in Use with Interaction):

All Uses:

CAD Kitchen: Kid Height, Wall Cupboard, Base Unit, Long Term Storage, Motor & Charger (Andrew & Charlie for motor)

Catalogue (Ben)

Translucent wall cupboard Flash Bar with motor connecting to wall cupboard concept (Charlie) Written Summary (Problem, Process, Proposal):

Exploded Battery/Motor Block CAD (Charlie) Other Uses: Electric Supply for heavy household/kitchen appliances (Ben) • Whisk • Kenwood • Vacuum Cleaner • Liquidiser

Words (Ben)

Fitment:

Mechanism:

Retrofit solution: Image of kitchen that then has upgrades around it (Ben with individual CAD units by Andrew)

CAD of Cupboard Mechanism (Andrew) Zoom on exploded gearbox (Andrew) Motor Interface (Charlie)

• Power up your Own Kitchen • Cheaper Alternative

Use in Context:

• Minimal Construction

Render cabinets with silhouettes trying to reach (Andrew CAD & Ben Photoshop)

L-Evate:

Long term top storage (Andrew CAD & Ben Photoshop) Low kitchen surfaces with some locked away high cabinets (Andrew CAD & Ben Photoshop)

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 73

Logo, Tag Line, Brand All (Everyone)

Date: 02-03-21

Improved CAD Mechanism

Date: 02-03-21

Steps Taken • A new gearbox was modelled to more easily display the feature.

• Making a custom dimensioned gearbox made it easier to apply the mechanism to the rest of the CAD model, having the motor unit attached to the drive shaft, and the carriage bracket and cupboard panels clearly visable.

• Cupboards were added in for visualising the mechanism in context, but transparency was a bit on an issue - often the image looked distorted.

• Opted for a fully opaque view from behind to bestshow the mechanism

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 74

Motor Block Final Form & Components Refining the final form of the motor block, we used shallower curves in order for a more comfortable feel in the hand, as well as flattened the slider tops so it could easily be used from either front on, above or below. Furthermore, texture was added to the fillets on the slider in order to give the user more grip, and therefore more control over the system

Date: 03-03-21

2 x 18350 Li-ion cells

However, this form still seemed quite aggressive, sterile and medical. We looked at using colour to oor advantage here, and offering the product in many different colourways. This toned down the overall look of the block, as well as allowing for the user to match their motor block to the aesthetic of their kitchen.

RS550 Brushless DC motor

The final form was chosen as it had the smallest internal volume compared to the components needed to be contained inside it. This meant that the product could be as compact, lightweight and easy to move as possible.

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 75

1:1 Scale Physical Prototyping

There is only so much development that can be done purely digitally, so in order to really test the ergonomics and user experience of the motor block we 3D printed a general form as well as a dummy charging cradle and receptacle.

This allowed us to get a hands on feel for the shape.

We noticed that it was fairly comfortable to hold in a landscape form, however more comfortable to hold vertically so that the fillet followed the curve of the user’s hand.

Furthermore, the slider design was easily accessible to the fingertips in either orientation.

The overall size did not seem unwieldy, however this could change with weight, as this prototype was far lighter than a potential finished product.

Screenshot of a video prototype

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 76

Date: 04-03-21

Initial Branding

We initially settled on ‘L-Evate’, a play on the word elevate meant to convey the effortlessness of our solution. However it was mentioned that this doesn’t take into account the lowering aspect of the concept.

We played with different typefaces until we settled on a sans serf with some character, such as a pointed lowercase t. Inverting the lowercase v for a lowercase a gave a motif of up and down arrows.

Backing the typeface we experimented with different rectangles, representative of cupboards at different heights.

L-EV

-evate faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 77

LE

TE

-evate L-E

L.ev te v

LE

We struggled naming this concept, as we were undecided if we were to leave room to expand beyond kitchens into the whole home. This meant brandnames with kitchen connotations couldn’t be used.

V

v v

L-ev te

L ev at e

Date: 04-03-21

Initial RSA submission pages Our initial presentation sheets were not received well. ‘Ugly’ ‘Disgusting’ and ‘Revolting’ were just a sample of the colourful language used to describe the graphic style and mass of text.

and third pages to a more minimalist approach, adopting sans serif titles and using a generally warmer colour palette.

In light of this criticism, we went back to the drawing board, with the goal to create simpler, warmer and more inviting pages.

It was suggested that we transition from feature titles, with a hand-drawn promarker aesthetic as seen in the second

all uses

mechanism The Agile power block interfaces using an enclosed splined shaft. Shutters close when not in use to prevent kitchen dust and grease buildup.

The Agile power block can be used across a large range of height changing products. Examples range from lifting bottom cupboards to an accessible height to powering a washing pulley.

A solution to RSA Brief 6

problem

Accessibility is a universal problem in the home. Throughout life, it can still be difficult to reach everything. Modern houses are rigidly designed - surfaces set at given heights with no way to tailor them to our needs. Bending down to check food in the oven, reaching the top cupboard shelf and cooking with kids are but a few pain points around the home. Unfortunately, existing solutions are exorbitantly expensive, as well as requiring complex and invasive installation processes making them only viable for those well off or in dire need.

process

Agile uses an innovative removable motor that interfaces with a strong, self locking L-mechanism. This allows one motor block to service multiple mechanisms, dramatically reducing the complexity of each mechanism thus reducing the price of the overall solution.

The motor block has a modular attachment allowing it to be used across a large range of products. This provides a portable source of both mechanical and electrical power which eliminates the need for invasive wall wiring. The block is intuitive to use and has an ergonomic shape to be universally accessible.

The self locking L-mechanism is cheap, simple and lightweight due to the absence of the motor. Using automotive lifting principles, is strong and locks at any height allowing for complete control and safety.

proposal

Agile allows you to tailor the height of your home, empowering people to make full use of the space they live in. This product range has endless possibilities from long term ceiling storage to variable height appliances. Whatever stage of life you’re in, there will be a better height for your home.

A solution to RSA Brief 6

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 78

Date: 05-03-21

To charge the unit, a counter-top docking station is used. A ring of LEDs on the docking station is used to indicate the current level of charge. The power block is intended to live in this base unit, and be taken out when needed.

Using the Agile power block attached to a geared worm and wheel cupboard bracket mechanism allows a user complete control over the height of their kitchen - without invasive construction or exorbitant cost.

The power block is modular, designed with repairability in mind using common parts that can be user serviced. It is powered by two 18350 Li-ion cells, wired in series to a RS-550 motor. This gives ≈ 72W of mechanical power output.

Agille can be used to power both mechanical appliances as well as electrical. The internal battery can be used as a portable high current battery to power devices with specialist motors or micro-controllers.

A solution to RSA Brief 6

context The agile motor block can be used to facilitate long term storage. By utilising a mechanism to access high up space beyond usual reach, infrequently accessed items can be stored and brought down safely when needed. This adds storage to the kitchen without taking up any extra space.

Agile empowers those less able to reclaim the space in their kitchen, as well as allows children to join in the fun of cooking, forming lifelong passions and encouraging healthy eating. Furthermore, Agile facilitates cupboards to be locked away from pesky little fingers.

A solution to RSA Brief 6

fitment

Available in multiple colourways, the simple, easy to use spring return slide control dictates speed of movement. Distance moved is proportional to output mechanical speed.

A solution to RSA Brief 6

retrofit

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Testrum fugit et, sunto molorit, offictatur minustem conecest, venia si id qui officim adiae quas pa sequis volorumqui nihillume labo. Dis essum landae pora et facerit essim entem senda cum esequodisto erferum et A solution to RSA Brief 6 venitatem estem

Tutorial 6:

Date: 05-03-21

Hero Image + Sentence (CAD Kitchen in Use with Interaction):

All Uses:

Homely CAD Kitchen with split to swap between standard and our solution

Other Uses (Electric Supply for heavy household/kitchen appliances) (rough sketch of multi interface)

• Solid Cupboards (no mechanisms)

Catalogue

• Show too high cupboards and too high counter for kid on stool

• Whisk

Flash Bar with motor connecting to wall cupboard concept

• Vacuum Cleaner

Written Summary (Problem, Process, Proposal): Words Mechanism: CAD of Cupboard Mechanism Zoom on Exploded Gearbox Motor Interface

• Kenwood • Liquidiser Fitment: Retrofit solution: Image of kitchen that then has upgrades around it: • Power up your own kitchen • Cheaper alternative • Minimal Construction

Exploded Battery/Motor Block CAD Use in Context: Render Cabinets with Silhouettes Trying to Reach • Long Term Top Storage • Low Kitchen Surfaces with Some Locked • Away High Cabinets We agreed that the pages looked unfinished and untidy, with an overhaul of the presentation design badly needing done.

As well as this, we saw the limits of Fusion360 as a rendering tool for larger concepts such as kitchens due to lighting restrictions, and decided to explore different rendering solutions.

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 79

Bill of Materials: Wall Cupboard

Date: 06-03-21

Product

Part Number

Name

Description

Estimated Cost

Quantity

Total Cost

Motor Block

001

RS550 Motor

Permanet Magnet Brushed DC Motor

£13.94

1

£13.94

Motor Block

002

18350 Power Cell

1100mAh/9V Lithium Ion Battery

£4.50

2

£9.00

Motor Block

003

Charging Circuit

3Series Lithium Charging Circuit

£6.69

1

£6.69

Motor Block

004

Splined Coupler

Toothed Splined Shaft Coupler

£8.02

1

£8.02

Motor Block

005

Potentiometer

PTA2043 Bourns Slide Potentiometer

£1.20

1

£1.20

Motor Block

006

Main Housing

Food-Safe Nylon Main Housing

£3.23

1

£3.23

Motor Block

007

Battery Cap

Food-Safe Nylon Battery Cap

£0.15

1

£0.15

Motor Block

008

End Cap

Food-Safe Nylon End Cap

£0.09

1

£0.09

Motor Block

009

Slide Control

Food-Safe Nylon Potentiometer Slide

£0.11

1

£0.11 £42.43

Charging Cradle

010

Circuit Board

Fast Charge Circuit and LED Interface

£5.96

1

£5.96

Charging Cradle

011

LED Strip

2835 5V LED Strip Lights (300mm)

£1.91

1

£1.91

Charging Cradle

012

Sprung Contacts

Magnetic Attraction Spring Contacts

£1.56

1

£1.56

Charging Cradle

013

Main Housing

Food-Safe Nylon Housing

£2.05

1

£2.05

Charging Cradle

014

Transparent Rim

Food-Safe Clear LED Cover

£0.09

1

£0.09 £11.57

Wall Cupboard

015

Lead Screw

8mm Trapezoidal Lead Screw (40mm)

£3.84

1

£3.84

Wall Cupboard

016

T-Nut

8mm Copper T-Nut

£0.06

1

£0.06

Wall Cupboard

017

Roller Guides

Ball Bearing Linear Guides

£7.56

2

£15.12

Wall Cupboard

018

Worm & Wheel Gearbox Worm and Wheel Geared Gearbox

£3.50

1

£3.50

Wall Cupboard

019

Splined Shaft

8mm Splined Shaft (300mm)

£7.27

1

£7.27

Wall Cupboard

020

Wall Plugs

M8 Heavy Duty Wall Plugs

£0.06

6

£0.36

Wall Cupboard

021

M8 Wall Screws

M8 Flange Steel Wall Screws

£0.10

6

£0.60

Wall Cupboard

022

Shaft Housing

Food-Safe Nylon Shaft Housing

£1.85

1

£1.85

Wall Cupboard

023

Cupboard Mount

Food-Safe Nylon Cupboard Mount

£0.60

1

£0.60

Wall Cupboard

024

Wall Bracket

Food-Safe Nylon Wall Bracket

£1.12

1

£1.12

Wall Cupboard

025

Carriage

Food-Safe Nylon Wall Carriage

£0.76

1

£0.76 £35.08

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 80

Motor Viability Calculation

Date: 06-03-21

From further calculation, we can see that using two 18350 cells wired in series a peak power output of 72W can be achieved. This is enough to lift a 100kg drawer with a safety factor of 2.

To lift heavier items, gearing should be used to achieve the required torque.

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 81

Final Branding

Date: 06-03-21

Based on prior constructive criticism, we decided to rebrand the project. We needed a brandname that was easy to recognise and say as well as had connotations of reusing and upgrading a space.

We settled on ‘agile’, trying to highlight the adaptability that comes with our solution.

However, we still liked the ‘up and down’ created by the V and A in the original logo, and wanted to include a similar motif.

Using the leading edges of the L and G we formed this into a basic house shape. The ‘up and down’ aspect was kept in the dot of the I.

We used a warmer colour palette of yellows, oranges and a brown in order to give the logo and branding a homely and comforting feel.

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 82

Updated Hero Image Plan

Date: 06-03-21

Hero Skeleton: In order to better show the product in use, the hero image will display the difference between the pain points in a standard kitchen and them alleviated in a kitchen with our products.

From Left to Right: • Difficulty Accessing the Top Shelf • Undesirable Worktop Height • Moveable Wall Cabinets • Height Adjusted Away From Children’s Reach • Adjustable Base Units • Worktop Moved to Usable Height • Moveable Wall Cabinets • Wall Cabinet Moved Down For Easy Access

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 83

Rendering Exploration

Date: 06-03-21

Our output using Fusion 360

Final software choice: Enscape

Example of render using IKEA software.

We weren’t happy with the render on the hero image as we felt it was too cold and lifeless, and didn’t portray user interaction. We decided to try and find a solution to this, and wondered if we were using the right rendering software.

Initially we tried to use a free online kitchen build software provided by IKEA, and whilst easy and fun to create, the render quality was too poor for a hero image.

In comparing architectural rendering software enscape to the both fusion and kitchen industry software AutoKitchen, we observed distinct differences in the lighting and texture quality that were impossible to replicate using fusion.

Example of a render using AutoKitchen

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 84

We enquired for a trial licence to use AutoKitchen, however we did not receive a response in good time so decided to use Enscape, with the view to move to AutoKitchen if we progressed through the initial round.

SoExample What? of a render using • Enscape Looked at different ways of rendering kitchens What Next?

• Learn how to use enscape, and find a way to add people into the render.

SketchUp and Enscape Journey

Date: 07-03-21

Due to the large footprint of the desired render, Fusion was not the ideal software package to use. Textures and lighting required large amounts of control and the scenery lacked a realistic feeling.

From collaborating with architects we had been introduced to specialist software for modelling buildings and rooms called Enscape. This programme is an integrated visualisation tool with dynamic rendering. It is essentially a realistic texture package that can be applied to 3D models in order to give them a more lifelike feel.

Enscape integrates with SketchUp very smoothly so the decision was made to change modelling environments for Fusion for the hero image render. This was a large amount of work due to the requirement to learn new software but was obvious from early on that it was much better suited to the task.

Lighting, reflections and realism were much easier to achieve. The modelling environment of SketchUp had many less specialised features, however was much quicker to model larger scenes.

Due to the fact that the submission was to an external body, the hero image needed to be exciting and easily understandable at first sight by someone who did not know anything about the project.

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 85

Hero Image Iterations

Date: 09-03-21

Due to the fact that the submission was to an external body, the hero image needed to be exciting and easily understandable at first sight by someone who did not know anything about the project.

Tailor your home to the perfect height

The hero image went through many versions with iterative improvements. The most difficult part of this process was new people were needed to give feedback each time.

This was necessary because as soon as they had seen the image and understood it they were no longer looking at it with ‘fresh eyes’. This not only proved difficult finding so many people who did not know about the project but that having feedback from so many people meant that there was less of a coherent message.

regular kitchen

agile kitchen a solution to RSA brief 6

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 86

The most common feedback was that there was an understanding that the right side of the kitchen was easier to use but not that this was showing how a single kitchen could be adapted from left to right. In order to make this more obvious the following adjustments were made:

• Using the same ‘actors’ in each side of the image • Creating a clearly defined ‘glitch’ transition line • Changing the hue of each side of the image • Labelling each side Labelling was ultimately necessary to make sure that the full meaning was portrayed.

Having a very garish before and after label was avoided to not take away from the high quality hero image.

The mechanism behind the descended wall cupboard had its colour altered to make it more visible as this was missed by multiple people. The visible motor interfaces on the wall cupboards were also missed surprisingly often. This was promising for the design as this fed into the discrete nature of the product and confirmed that embedding the interface into the cupboard was not necessary.

Date: 09-03-21

the following six pages are our final submission sheets to the RSA competition.

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 87

Date:

Tailor your home to the perfect height

regular kitchen faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 88

agile kitchen a solution to RSA brief 6

problem Accessibility is a universal problem at home. Modern houses are rigidly designed with standard heights and no way to tailor them to specific needs.

Overreaching causes many pain points in the home. Unfortunately, existing solutions are exorbitantly expensive and require invasive installation processes, becoming only viable for those well off.

process One on one interviews and surveys were undertaken with key stakeholders from Dawes Homes Trust among others. Empathetic research was a valuable tool in discovering primary accessibility issues in standard kitchens. Focus groups of young families identified further pain points experienced in different age brackets.

Our continuous collaboration with stakeholders identified that cost and installation complexity were major obstacles in uptake of existing products, revealing the necessity of simplification, and the ability to retrofit solutions.

proposal Agile uses an innovative, removable motor and separate selflocking mechanism. One motor can service multiple mechanisms, reducing complexity and price.

This portable source of mechanical and electrical power eliminates invasive wiring, further reducing the cost.

The worm-wheel mechanism is cheap and lightweight, using automotive lifting principles for strength and control.

a solution to RSA brief 6

motor block

Board 1

Available in multiple colourways to match any kitchen.

The simple sprung slider is used to control movement.

The motor block provides mechanical and electrical power to the agile system.

The splined coupler allows for an easy and multidirectional connection

The 72W motor block is built with userserviceable industry standard components.

The fast-charge cradle houses the motor block and incorporates intuitive LED charge indicators.

exploded diagram of motor block

a solution to RSA brief 6

mechanism Illustration of top cupboard mechanism

Board 2

Simple mechanism with few components minimises overall cost.

Trapezoidal screw thread prevents cupboard from moving when unpowered.

Geared mechanism transfers mechanical power 90° for vertical lifting.

Utilises worm and wheel self-locking characteristics. exploded diagram of worm and wheel gearbox

Full scale testing of the mechanism under load conditions. Smooth runners used to constrain motion to vertical axis.

Motor Interface

Enclosed splined shaft transfers mechanical power. Shutters prevent kitchen dust and grease build-up.

Physical prototyping proof of concept

a solution to RSA brief 6

use in context

Board 3

Tailor your kitchen to your life.

Raise or lower worksurfaces to adjust to the user’s needs. Cupboards can be easily locked out of a child’s reach.

Agile empowers everyone to find comfort in the use of their own home, eliminating pain related to overreaching.

Utilise the full height of your room. Store infrequently used items out of sight and access them effortlessly.

Adjust the height of kitchen appliances for safer use.

a solution to RSA brief 6

all uses

Board 4

Examples of agile kitchen appliances Agile is not limited to vertical movement. With an on-board power supply it can mechanically or electrically power a variety of household appliances.

Agile unlocks new possibilities for vertical space. Long term storage can be lifted to the ceiling whilst being easily accessible.

Long term storage solution

The base unit solution enables pre-owned cupboards and appliances to be installed on new mounting hardware, allowing for maximum flexibility.

Base unit solution

Wall units throughout the home can be moved to a comfortable creating universal accessibility.

Wall unit solution

a solution to RSA brief 6

Submission Reflections and Feedback Tailor your home to the perfect height

Date: 25-03-21

Reflections and Insights It took us some time to find the right aesthetic for the final submitted pages for RSA – initial versions were not viewed particularly favourably.

We are pleased with the colour palate we chose to go forward with; it brings a warm, homely feeling to the project, which aligns well with the brief.

The motor block page was difficult to cut down, as there was a lot of information we could provide, and even with a lot of streamlining, it is still a very full page.

The mechanism page contained good imagery – we felt the technical content of what we created was well captured here. Importantly we also included information on our prototyping, as a proof of concept for the project as a whole.

regular kitchen

agile kitchen a solution to RSA brief 6

Really like the in-use shots - would change the regular kitchen text to the bottom left side of photo rather than bottom right.

I like the comparison of the images.

Could the text “regular kitchen” and “Agile kitchen” be bigger? I didn’t notice it at first.

Renderings are great - look professional.

Would be nice to see the motorised mechanism close-up.

Love the before and after, could you make the differences even more apparent somehow?

The right image could maybe be more vivid or bright to differentiate between the comparison.

Reads like 2 images of the same kitchen - but it is not.

Like the side-by-side comparison in the poster.

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 94

The Use in Context board was key in showing the potential for the concept – we can see people of all different ages and requirements making use of the system. We used the same kitchen model with new views and people models to capture the range of use.

When creating the All Uses board, we decided to concisely capture the 3 primary developments we have made, and to include a note on the potential for the motor block. The CAD models all explain the uses well, which all follow a similar mechanism.

We presented our Hero Image to the class for feedback. Generally, people were impressed by the quality of the images we had used. There were however, some criticisms of the layout, many reflecting what Hugh had indicated earlier – that it was difficult to read as one kitchen changing, rather it came across as two images of the same kitchen, making it a bit confusing. Some of the comments were suggestions on improving this by making the text bolder and clearer as to what it was referring to.

We decided, at the time of the submissions that it was important to show that the system could be retrofit without causing an aesthetic disturbance to the kitchen. It may have made the image clearer to have the text identifying the change larger, and to have more drastic changes to emphasise the differences, however compromising on the level of change kept the transformation sleek and elegent.

Presentation the problem

our solution

prototyping

motor block

Tailor your home to the perfect height

Removable motor block interfaces with simple mechanisms on cabinets and surfaces.

Insights: • 80% of respondents said reaching the top shelf in their top cupboard was either ‘very difficult’ or ‘difficult’

Facilitates the use of varied heights in the kitchen.

• Fall risks were a major concern.

• Medical and joint conditions impact the users ability to use different types of handles and control schemes.

Date: 25-03-21

Enhances current kitchen experience by unlocking out of reach spaces.

manual vs powered • Still requires mechanical power • Often unwieldy • Not universally accessible

Cheaper than built-in motors with no invasive wiring.

• Prohibitively expensive • Very intrusive to install • Ugly, exposed mechanisms

exploded diagram of motor block

regular kitchen faster, nicer, wiser, kinder presentation | 2021 | slide 2

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder presentation | 2021 | slide 3

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder presentation | 2021 | slide 4

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder presentation | 2021 | slide 5

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder presentation | 2021 | slide 7

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder presentation | 2021 | slide 6

mechanism

The Problem:

agile kitchen

all uses

context

Examples of agile kitchen appliances

Prototyping:

The biggest hurdle was creating a mechanism that could move freely and Looked at both the younger and older age lock in place without the motor present.

Motor block prototyped to understand the brackets as well the mobility impaired user experience decide on controls.

Survey of a housing trust, interviews with Home is rigidly designed for the average human

elderly and mobility impaired communities as well as empathetic testing.

Simple, intuitive variable slider to control the direction and speed.

From these insights, we chose to focus on reach as a topic

Hero Image:

Manual vs Powered: The powered systems catered to a wider variety of impairments but were incredibly expensive, Invasive wiring, specialist installation and whole new kitchen.

Manual systems were much cheaper but required effort from the user.

Our Solution: Removable motor block design combines the accessibility of a fully wired electric system with the ease of installation of a manual one.

Motor block can interface with multiple mechanisms reducing the overall cost significantly.

No wiring due to power cells. Mechanical mechanisms to be retro-fit onto a user’s existing cabinets and appliances with ease.

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 95

Agile is our modular, discrete solution that can be easily retrofit into an existing kitchen without the need for invasive installation. It utilises a modular motor block that can service a vast range of height adjusting mechanisms and is a fraction of the cost of existing powered solutions.

Young children require stools to reach worktops, which is difficult and dangerous.

High cupboards require reaching that can be painful or even prohibit use.

Agile brings everything in your kitchen to within arms reach.

Work surfaces adjusted to the required height for easy access Cupboards are accessible to all mobility levels Larger appliances can be lifted to the height that suits best.

Motor Interface

Long term storage solution

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder presentation | 2021 | slide 8

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder presentation | 2021 | slide 10

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder presentation | 2021 | slide 9

Motor Block:

Use In Context:

High torque motor, splined coupler, rechargeable power cells and variable slider.

Wall Cupboard

Charging cradle dock. 10-minute operation.

Long term storage

Splined coupler for easy, multi-angle, insertion and the variable slider for control.

The Mechanism: Screw jack principle used in the automotive industry to lift cars.

Input shaft, a worm and wheel gearbox and a trapezoidal lead screw with T-nut.

The rotary motion from the motor, translated 90 degrees by the worm and wheel gearbox which spins the lead screw that spins the T-nut creating vertical linear motion.

Linear actuators usually need their motors constantly Double self-locking mechanism.

Base unit solution

Young Children: Worksurface and high cupboards.

All features of the kitchen are now within arms reach, reducing pain points drastically.

All Uses: Three main solutions: long term storage, base units and wall cupboards.

Expensive, high torque motors in kitchen appliances. Utilising the motor block to make a range of affordable kitchen appliances.

Wall unit solution

Final Reflections Overall, we worked together well to answer the brief. Using a Facebook group chat, and Zoom meetings to come together and discuss ideas and the project as a whole, we had a good level of communication. GoogleDrive provided us with a store for everyone’s contributions, as well as a running log of the project, helping to keep everyone on track. When using software like Fusion 360 and InDesign, we were able to collaborate on one piece of work remotely.

However, we were not without challenges throughout. Due to Covid restrictions, we were unable to carry out many fundamental parts of the project. We had no access to the GSA workshop, and despite having access to a 3D printer, we still struggled to make prototypes as effectively as we could have done normally. The studio provides a creative space for students to work together and share ideas and contributions, however this also was unavailable during lockdown. We struggled to carry out field research, having instead to carry out remote surveys, which were effective, but could have been far more so. While we could communicate effectively, poor internet connections, and an inability to meet in person made the project far more difficult to navigate.

We tackled the brief effectively, producing a solution that is useful to people of all ages – not simply focussing on the elderly which is an easy trap to fall into when designing accessibility based products. By having the countertops and cupboard be movable to a full range of heights, children can be involved in the kitchen safely, and the space can be used extremely effectively. Agile can be retrofit to almost any home and applies a level of flexibility which extends the use of the home beyond that of the average, mobile adult. Our solution gives the option to maximise the use of the kitchen without altering the aesthetic of existing fittings.

Acknowledgements & Thanks Dawes Home Trust MJ Black Hugh Autokitchen Appendix Link to all video content : https://bit.ly/2PBLbYj

faster, nicer, wiser, kinder | 2021 | page 96

Date: 30-03-21