Lines and Curves

U21075 U21153 U21240 U21081

Research Intent

The study has been conducted to examine the shift to minimalistic and functionalism driven designs by exploring the differences between the two lamps in terms of their design, production and user experience. The two lamps being compared

are

● The Anglepoise lamp

● The Bauhaus Lamp

Introduction to the designers

George Carwardine Copyright @ 2022 by Lightology ● The Anglepoise lamp - designed in 1932 by vehicle suspension engineer, George

Carwardine.

● First blueprint born when Carwardine invented a spring, crank and lever mechanism. (Anglepoise, 2022)

● WA 24 lamp -designed and manufactured in 1924 by Wilhelm Wagenfeld - in workshop of

Bauhaus.

● Realized as an assignment for László Moholy-Nagy, exemplified the school’s imperative for design. (The Museum of Modern Art, 2004)

Wilhelm Wagenfeld Copyright @ 2022 by Tecnolumen

Time period

● Victorian style winding down but still in fashion ● Included brass and glass designs which were more about form than

function.

Tiffany lamp.Copyright @ 2022 phipl0808, eBay ● Wagenfeld Lamp introduced - 1924 ● Rejuvenating economy flooded market with Bauhaus and Art deco products.

● Transition to minimalist designs

which were easy to manufacture

Wilhelm Wagenfeld table lamp WA24. ( 2022). Bauhaus Table lamp.Copyright @ Bauhaus Movement. ● Bauhaus died down ● Introduction of the Anglepoise lamp in 1932. ● Interwar period about to end ● Spread of functionalist designs

in market

(2022). Vintage Brass Stiffel.Copyright @

VNTG

Shift to Functional and Minimalist Designs

● Initiated by the Bauhaus school of design ● Less expensive manufacturing - minimum material used

Less Is More

● Following WWI, lightweight designs were easier to transport and safeguard. ● Designs dialed down to bare essentials.

(2022).What is Bauhaus Style in Graphics design Copyright @ Zeka Design.

Design

Shade

Shaft

Overall comments

Anglepoise Lamp

● Torch shaped with hemispherical top ● Made of aluminium

● Multi rod shaft with springs ● Aluminium with chrome

fittings. (Doran, n.d)

● Not too flashy ● Purely functional ● Working of spring technology clearly seen ● Wires clearly seen

Bauhaus Lamp

● Hemispherical in shape ● Made of opaline glass

● Single shaft ● Nickel plated steel (The Museum of Modern Art, 2004)

● Minimalist look

● Simple looking ● All wires hidden inside

shaft VS

Design - Structure - Description

● With this technique the tension spring has a double function: it controls both the forearm and the upper arm. This is not a common arm lamp system

● The Bauhaus lamp looks industrial, but a lot of manual labour went into its design to get the perfect Bauhaus style representation.

Joints

Hemispherical opaline glass shade

Nickel plated steel shaft

Functioning - User experience

● Perfect for tasks where the light source is constantly readjusted. ● Used by surgeons in operating theatres and by navigators in the WWII. (Heals, 2021)

(2022). Bauhaus Table Lamp.Copyright @ 2022 by Bauhaus Movement ● An all-purpose lamp for the illumination of living

spaces. ● Typically used for diffused industrial lighting.

Production

● Carwardine - manufactured the lamp in the workshops of his own company,

Cardine Accessories. Gave him more control over design. (Broad, 2020) ● He arranged a licensing agreement with Terry and Sons, after which production increased along with advertising of product. (Watkins, 2021)

Copyright @ March 11, 1982 by Suzanne Slesin, The New York Times Copyright @ July 6, 2018 by Jurek, Anglepoise refurbishment. yacf.

● Initial attempts at marketing the lamp were unsuccessful as most of its parts were still hand assembled at Bauhaus. (The Museum of Modern Art, 2004) ● Today, the lamp is widely produced by Tecnolumen, and is perceived as an icon of modern industrial design. (TL1, 2018)

Conclusion

Difference in Design

User experience

Production methods

Anglepoise Lamp

● simpler and exposed design ● design was functionalist ● kept in mind minimalist trend.

● Use - utility lamp, could satisfy multiple requirements across fields.

● Cost - Comparatively cheaper

● easy to acquire materials ● production line used

Bauhaus lamp

● more geometric design ● leans towards aesthetics as compared to functionality ● Stress on minimalism is evident.

● Use - Provides effective diffuse

general lighting

● Cost - Comparatively expensive

● used steel and glass ● design not readily picked up for large scale production.

Conclusion

● Shift from minimalist to functionalist designs seen over a period of time ● Shift seen starting from Bauhaus Era and seen even today. ● The Bauhaus lamp employs such minimalist features but isn't easily available to the general public. ● The Anglepoise lamp makes use of the minimalist trend by enhancing design to be purely functional. ● Designed in a way to make it available to the public through mass manufacture, standardized design.

Bibliography

● Bauhaus Kooperation. (2020, July). Wilhelm Wagenfeld 1923–1925 Bauhaus Student. https://www.bauhauskooperation.com/knowledge/the-bauhaus/people/students/wilhelm-wagenfeld/

● Broad, J. (2020, January 6). The 20th century history of the Anglepoise lamp. https://jamesbroadinteriors.medium.com/the-20th-century-history-of-the-anglepoise-lamp-1933-1985-c90129b5fd7f

● Doran, E. (n.d.) The Original 1227 Desk Lamp. Plot(s), 4(09), 88-94. https://adht.parsons.edu/designstudies/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2017/05/Eibhli%cc%81n-Doran_The-Original-1227-Desk-La mp.pdf

● Heals. (2021, August). Behind the Design: History of the Anglepoise Lamp. https://www.heals.com/blog/history-of-the-anglepoise-lamp/amp/#top

● Smith, N. (2013, November 11).Classic project: Anglepoise lamp model 1227.. Engineering and Technology. https://eandt.theiet.org/content/articles/2013/11/classic-projects-anglepoise-lamp-model-1227/

● Table lamp. (2021). The Museum of Modern Art, MoMa. https://www.moma.org/collection/works/4056

● TL1(2018) Tecnolumen, 5-19. https://tecnolumen.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/tecnolumen_magazine_tl1_engl.pdf

● Vintage Design: The “WG24" Table Lamp (2015) EUROMAXX. https://www.dw.com/en/vintage-design-the-wg24-table-lamp/av-18172146

● Wagenfeld, W. Bauhaus table lamp | WA 24(1923) Tecnolumen. https://tecnolumen.com/lamps/wa-24-2

● Watkins, J. (2021, August 13). The Anglepoise lamp, a British invention that puts all other lighting in the shade. “Countrylife”. https://www.countrylife.co.uk/interiors/the-anglepoise-lamp-a-british-invention-that-puts-all-other-lighting-in-the-shade-231107